Wikidepia/id_scholar_huridocs · Datasets at Hugging Face

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bb56a469-0f41-fae6-b805-03b39a1fd0b1	https://journals.unisba.ac.id/index.php/JRMK/article/download/3836/2075	[ { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Author : Email : [email protected] Indexed : Garuda, Crossref, Google Scholar DOI : https://doi.org/10.29313/jrmk.v4i1.3836", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 516, "top": 799, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 129, "width": 297, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram @Urban1063fm dalam Membangun Brand Image", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 196, "top": 174, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi, Wiki Angga Wiksana*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 196, "width": 291, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Komunikasi, Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 227, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 246, "width": 75, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history : Received : 9/5/2024 Revised : 26/6/2024 Published : 28/7/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 323, "width": 106, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume : 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 375, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. : 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 384, "width": 61, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman : 55-60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 394, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terbitan : Juli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 416, "width": 99, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi Sinta Peringkat 4 berdasarkan Ristekdikti No. 72/E/KPT/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 222, "width": 84, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A K", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 243, "width": 293, "height": 197, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi telah menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat yang tak terelakkan. Salah satu dampaknya adalah media sosial yang kini menjadi faktor kunci dalam strategi pemasaran dan pengembangan merek, bahkan bagi stasiun radio seperti Radio Urban 106,3 FM yang berpengaruh. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara aktivitas di platform Instagram dengan pembentukan brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM. Metode analisis korelasional digunakan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, dan populasi penelitian adalah pengikut Radio Urban 106,3 FM di Instagram. Sebanyak 100 responden dipilih menggunakan metode Simple Random Sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara context, communication, collaboration, dan connection di Instagram dengan pembentukan brand image. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah pentingnya kehadiran aktif stasiun radio di media sosial untuk mempertahankan dan menarik pendengar di era digital yang kompetitif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang peran media sosial dalam strategi pemasaran stasiun radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 448, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Media Sosial; Citra Merek; Radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 480, "width": 95, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 501, "width": 293, "height": 175, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The rapid development of technology and information has become an inevitable necessity for society. One of its impacts is social media, which has become a key factor in marketing strategies and brand development, even for influential radio stations like Radio Urban 106.3 FM. This study explores the relationship between activities on the Instagram platform and the formation of Radio Urban 106.3 FM's brand image. A correlational analysis method was used with a quantitative approach, and the research population consisted of followers of Radio Urban 106.3 FM on Instagram. A total of 100 respondents were selected using Simple Random Sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between activities in context, communication, collaboration, and connection on Instagram with the formation of the brand image. The implication of this research underscores the importance of active presence of radio stations on social media to retain and attract listeners in a competitive digital era. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of social media in radio station marketing strategies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 682, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Social Media; Brand Image; Radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 417, "top": 706, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© 2024 The Author(s).", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 272, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi et al. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram… , .", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 430, "top": 793, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, No. 1, Juli 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 96, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 92, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini, perkembangan teknologi semakin pesat seiring dengan berjalannya waktu yang memasuki era digital. Perubahan ini memberikan dampak signifikan pada berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Salah satu bukti nyata dari kemajuan teknologi adalah adanya internet. Internet telah memungkinkan individu untuk menjelajahi dunia secara luas tanpa adanya batasan geografis, serta mengakses beragam informasi dengan cepat dan mudah. Keberadaan internet telah membantu memudahkan akses masyarakat terhadap informasi, berita, hiburan, dan bahkan membantu dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas sehari-hari. Fenomena perkembangan internet ini tidak hanya terjadi di Indonesia, melainkan juga merata di seluruh penjuru dunia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 188, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi ini memberikan manfaat yang signifikan bagi masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, tentunya juga memunculkan berbagai tantangan dan perubahan dalam pola pikir serta perilaku sosial. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi individu untuk mampu mengelola dan memanfaatkan teknologi dengan bijaksana agar dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi kehidupan mereka. Seiring dengan terus berjalannya waktu, diharapkan perkembangan teknologi dapat terus memberikan inovasi yang bermanfaat bagi kemajuan masyarakat secara keseluruhan.Menurut data yang diperoleh dari We Are Social disebutkan bahwa Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan pengguna internet yang semakin berkembang. Dengan jumlah populasi penduduknya yang besar tentunya kebutuhan masyarakat akan internet pun semakin tinggi. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa antusias masyarakat pada perkembangan teknologi terutama internet semakin besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 311, "width": 485, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya fenomena tersebut menunjukan bahwa sekarang ini internet sudah menjadi kebutuhan yang primer bagi masyarakat. Internet selain digunakan sebagai penyebaran informasi, juga banyak dipergunakan oleh masyarakat dalam mengakses media sosial. Media sosial memungkinkan individu bisa saling berkomunikasi dan mencari informasi tanpa batasan ruang dan waktu. Terdapat beragam informasi yang bisa diakses dari media sosial hal ini tentunya akan memberikan dampak yang berbeda pada masing-masing individu (Laksono dan Yulianti, 2023). Instagram merupakan salah satu media sosial yang saat ini sangat populer di masyarakat. Platform ini digunakan untuk berbagi kreativitas dalam bentuk video dan gambar. Di Indonesia, jumlah pengguna Instagram cukup signifikan, menunjukkan bahwa media sosial ini sangat membantu masyarakat dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. Selain sebagai sarana berbagi informasi, Instagram juga menjadi tempat promosi dan pengenalan produk atau jasa bisnis kepada masyarakat. Hal ini tidak terkecuali pada bidang penyiaran, seperti Radio, yang juga memanfaatkan Instagram sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan kehadiran dan memperkenalkan program-programnya kepada pendengar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 474, "width": 485, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian, Instagram tidak hanya berperan sebagai media sosial untuk interaksi sosial, tetapi juga menjadi platform yang efektif dalam mendukung kegiatan bisnis dan promosi. Melalui Instagram, baik individu maupun perusahaan dapat memperluas jangkauan dan meningkatkan eksposur produk atau layanan yang mereka tawarkan kepada masyarakat luas, termasuk di dalamnya adalah radio sebagai salah satu media penyiaran. Dengan adanya kemudahan akses dan fitur-fitur yang menarik, Instagram mampu memfasilitasi interaksi antara pengguna serta memberikan manfaat yang signifikan dalam upaya memperluas jaringan dan meningkatkan kehadiran dalam ranah digital. Penggunaan radio di media sosial menunjukkan konvergensi media. Konvergensi media ini merujuk pada fenomena di mana berbagai platform media saling berintegrasi dan saling mempengaruhi dalam ekosistem media modern. Seperti yang disampaikan oleh Meike & Young dalam Suryani (2017), terdapat dua faktor utama yang mempengaruhi konvergensi media. Pertama, terkait dengan perluasan media untuk bertahan di lingkungan media yang terus berubah. Kedua, adalah bagaimana media secara aktif beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi dalam memanfaatkan media baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 638, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada masa kini, penggunaan media baru semakin terdiversifikasi. Ada yang menggunakan media sosial sebagai sumber informasi, sarana komunikasi, atau bahkan sebagai platform bisnis. Fenomena ini mencerminkan bagaimana pergeseran perilaku masyarakat dalam mengonsumsi konten media. Pemanfaatan media baru dan media sosial tidak hanya sebatas tentang penggunaan platform tersebut, tetapi juga mencakup bagaimana media secara keseluruhan beradaptasi dengan teknologi. Peran teknologi dalam transformasi media tidak dapat dipandang sebelah mata. Media tradisional, seperti radio, televisi, dan surat kabar, mulai menghadapi tantangan dalam mempertahankan relevansi mereka di era digital. Untuk tetap bersaing, media tradisional juga perlu berinovasi dan mengadopsi teknologi yang ada. Mereka perlu memahami perilaku pengguna dan menyesuaikan konten mereka dengan preferensi serta kebutuhan masyarakat yang semakin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Riset Manajemen Komunikasi (JRMK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2798-6586 \| p-ISSN 2808-3075", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 516, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 190, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "beragam. Dengan demikian, konvergensi media bukanlah hanya sekadar tentang integrasi antarplatform, tetapi juga tentang transformasi fundamental dalam industri media. Media tradisional dan media baru tidak lagi dapat dipisahkan dengan jelas, karena keduanya saling terkait dalam ekosistem media yang kompleks. Di tengah arus informasi yang terus berkembang pesat, media harus terus beradaptasi dan berinovasi untuk tetap relevan dan dapat bertahan di lanskap media yang terus berubah. Selain itu, konvergensi media juga memengaruhi dinamika produksi dan distribusi konten. Dengan teknologi yang semakin canggih, siapa pun dapat menjadi produsen konten dan menyebarluaskannya melalui berbagai platform media. Hal ini memberikan peluang besar bagi individu dan kelompok untuk menyuarakan pendapat, menyebarkan informasi, dan bahkan mempengaruhi opini publik. Namun, di sisi lain, juga menimbulkan tantangan baru terkait validitas, kebenaran, dan etika dalam konten yang diproduksi dan dikonsumsi. Perubahan ini juga memengaruhi model bisnis dalam industri media. Pendapatan dari iklan, langganan, dan penjualan konten telah mengalami pergeseran yang signifikan seiring dengan perubahan perilaku konsumen dan teknologi. Media harus mencari cara baru untuk memonitisasi konten mereka, sambil tetap mempertahankan integritas editorial dan kualitas informasi yang disajikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 264, "width": 485, "height": 216, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks ini, kolaborasi antara media tradisional dan media baru menjadi semakin penting. Aliansi strategis antarperusahaan media dapat memperluas jangkauan, meningkatkan inovasi, dan menciptakan nilai tambah bagi konsumen. Selain itu, regulasi yang cerdas juga diperlukan untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara kebebasan berekspresi dan perlindungan masyarakat dari konten yang merugikan. Sebagai kesimpulan, konvergensi media telah membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam industri media. Transformasi ini menuntut adaptasi yang cepat dan inovasi yang berkelanjutan dari semua pemangku kepentingan. Hanya dengan kreativitas, kolaborasi, dan kesadaran akan tantangan yang dihadapi, media dapat terus berkembang dan memainkan peran yang relevan dalam membentuk opini publik dan memenuhi kebutuhan informasi masyarakat. Pada tanggal 11 April 2011, radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung pertama kali mengudara di udara dengan bendera PT. Radha Media Syadana. Dari kantor pusatnya di Jl. Anyer no 52 Kebonwaru, radio ini memulai perjalanan siarannya dengan semangat yang baru. Namun, pada tahun 2019, terjadi perubahan penting dalam sejarah radio ini ketika kepemilikan berpindah tangan ke tangan Joesoef Siregar, dan kini berada di bawah naungan PT. Senandung Rezeki Udara Indonesia. Dengan peralihan kepemilikan ini, tidak hanya logo radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung yang mengalami perubahan, tetapi juga manajemennya, yang diiringi dengan slogan baru, \"Radionya Urang Bandung\". Perubahan ini tidak berhenti di situ saja, karena selama masa transisi ini, beberapa program yang ada diganti dengan program-program yang baru dan segar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 482, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses rebranding ini tidak hanya sekadar perubahan tampilan, namun juga merupakan momen yang cukup signifikan bagi radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung. Dengan perubahan ini, radio ini mengalami transformasi yang lebih dalam, menghadirkan wajah baru yang menarik dan mengeksplorasi potensi baru dalam menyajikan konten kepada pendengarnya. Meskipun terjadi perubahan yang besar, semangat untuk menjadi penyedia hiburan dan informasi terdepan di Bandung tetap tidak berubah.Radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung mengalami rebranding karena adanya permasalahan kepemilikan perusahaan yang mengganggu. Konflik antara dua pemilik brand Urban Radio telah membuat persaingan menjadi lebih ketat, dengan masing- masing pihak mencoba membangun citra mereknya sendiri melalui media sosial Instagram. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya dua akun Instagram Urban Radio yang berbeda kepemilikan dan frekuensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 605, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi yang menciptakan situasi yang membingungkan bagi pendengar setia dan calon pendengar radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung menggambarkan tantangan yang harus dihadapi. Dengan adanya dua akun Instagram yang dimiliki oleh pihak yang berbeda, hal ini dapat menimbulkan kebingungan di kalangan pengguna media sosial dan mempersulit upaya memperkuat identitas merek stasiun radio tersebut. Kesulitan ini tidak hanya mempengaruhi upaya membangun citra merek yang konsisten, tetapi juga memengaruhi fokus pada tujuan utama stasiun radio, yakni memberikan layanan terbaik kepada pendengar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rebranding merupakan langkah solutif yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Dengan melakukan rebranding, stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung berupaya mengembalikan fokus pada identitas merek yang kuat dan konsisten. Langkah ini diambil dengan pertimbangan untuk menjaga konsistensi dalam pengelolaan media sosial, sehingga dapat memperkuat hubungan antara stasiun radio dengan pendengarnya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: \"Bagaimana hubungan media sosial Instagram dalam membangun citra merek Radio Urban 106.3 FM?\" Pertanyaan ini menjadi fokus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 272, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi et al. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram… , .", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 430, "top": 793, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, No. 1, Juli 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "utama penelitian untuk memahami peran dan pengaruh media sosial Instagram dalam membangun identitas merek stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 100, "width": 485, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dan dinilai melalui berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan media sosial Instagram oleh stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM. Hal ini meliputi strategi komunikasi yang digunakan, jenis konten yang diposting, interaksi dengan pengikut, serta dampaknya terhadap persepsi dan loyalitas pendengar. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang mendalam tentang peran media sosial Instagram dalam membangun citra merek stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung. Selanjutnya, tujuan dalam penelitian ini diuraikan dalam pokok-pokok sbb. (1) Untuk mengetahui hubungan context pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, (2) Untuk mengetahui hubungan comunication pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, (3) Untuk mengetahui hubungan collaboration pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, (4) Untuk mengetahui hubungan connection pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 262, "width": 119, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 282, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan metode teknik analisis korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini. Peneliti memilih populasi followers Instagram dari radio Urban 106.3 FM sebagai sampel untuk dilakukan analisis. Pendekatan kuantitatif memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengumpulkan data numerik tentang aktivitas dan interaksi followers terhadap konten yang diposting oleh stasiun radio tersebut. Dengan menggunakan teknik analisis korelasional, peneliti dapat mengeksplorasi hubungan antara berbagai variabel, seperti frekuensi posting, jenis konten, dan tingkat interaksi dengan pengikut, yang dapat memberikan wawasan yang berharga tentang perilaku pengguna media sosial terhadap platform radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 378, "width": 485, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pola perilaku dan preferensi followers terhadap konten yang dipublikasikan oleh radio Urban 106.3 FM di platform Instagram. Informasi ini bisa menjadi dasar bagi stasiun radio untuk meningkatkan strategi konten mereka, meningkatkan interaksi dengan pengikut, dan mengoptimalkan dampak promosi melalui media sosial. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap literatur ilmiah dalam bidang komunikasi dan media sosial dengan menambah pemahaman tentang dinamika hubungan antara media tradisional seperti radio dan media sosial di era digital saat ini. Dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu simple random sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknis analisis deskriptif dan teknik analisis inferensial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 527, "width": 141, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 548, "width": 485, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm Dalam Membangun Brand Image Berikut adalah penelitian mengenai hubungan media sosial instagram @urban1063fm dalam membangun brand image , yang diuji menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil pengujian dijelaskan pada tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 603, "width": 418, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm Dalam Membangun Brand Image", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 623, "width": 436, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel r s t hitung T tabel Keputusan Derajat Keeratan X dan Y 0,598 7,386 1,984 Ho ditolak Sedang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 657, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data Penelitian yang Sudah Diolah, 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 674, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 menggambarkan hubungan antara Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm dalam membangun citra merek. Dari hasil analisis, terlihat bahwa koefisien korelasi Rank Spearman antara media sosial dan citra merek adalah 0,598. Angka ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai sedang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, terlihat bahwa nilai t-hitung sebesar 7,386, yang secara signifikan lebih besar daripada nilai t-tabel sebesar 1,984. Hal ini menandakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan antara media sosial dengan citra merek Urban Radio 106,3 FM. Oleh karena itu, dari hasil ini, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa hipotesis nol (Ho) harus ditolak, yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Riset Manajemen Komunikasi (JRMK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2798-6586 \| p-ISSN 2808-3075", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 516, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "59/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa media sosial memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap citra merek stasiun radio tersebut. Pentingnya media sosial dalam membangun citra merek Urban Radio 106,3 FM juga tergambar dari temuan bahwa akun Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm ternyata efektif dalam menciptakan citra positif bagi stasiun radio tersebut. Implikasinya adalah bahwa kehadiran aktif stasiun radio di platform media sosial, khususnya melalui Instagram, memiliki dampak yang positif dalam membentuk persepsi dan meningkatkan kesadaran merek di kalangan pengguna media sosial. Dengan demikian, strategi pemanfaatan media sosial menjadi sangat penting bagi Urban Radio 106,3 FM tidak hanya untuk memperkuat eksistensinya, tetapi juga untuk memperluas jangkauan dan meningkatkan citra mereknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 182, "width": 485, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam era digital ini, dimana media sosial telah menjadi salah satu sarana komunikasi utama, keberadaan Urban Radio 106,3 FM di platform tersebut bukan hanya sekadar sebuah keharusan, melainkan suatu kebutuhan strategis. Dengan memanfaatkan media sosial dengan bijak, stasiun radio tersebut memiliki kesempatan besar untuk terus tumbuh dan memperkuat posisinya di pasar, sambil tetap memperkuat ikatan dan interaksi dengan audiensnya. Dengan demikian, bukan hanya menjadi sebuah inovasi, tetapi juga suatu keharusan bagi Urban Radio 106,3 FM untuk terus beradaptasi dan memanfaatkan potensi media sosial dalam mengembangkan citra Selain memperkuat citra merek, keberadaan aktif di media sosial juga dapat membantu Urban Radio 106,3 FM untuk membangun komunitas yang kuat dengan pendengar dan pengikut setia mereka. Interaksi yang berkelanjutan dan terbuka dengan audiens melalui platform media sosial dapat menciptakan ikatan emosional yang lebih dalam dan meningkatkan loyalitas terhadap merek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 318, "width": 485, "height": 244, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks persaingan yang semakin ketat di industri media dan hiburan, memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai alat untuk membangun citra merek yang kuat dan mempertahankan basis penggemar yang loyal menjadi kunci keberhasilan jangka panjang bagi Urban Radio 106,3 FM. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini tidak hanya memberikan pemahaman tentang hubungan antara media sosial dan brand image, tetapi juga memberikan pandangan yang berharga tentang pentingnya integrasi strategis media sosial dalam strategi pemasaran dan branding stasiun radio. Salah satu manfaat yang didapatkan dari penggunaan social media terhadap brand adalah membentuk online branding . Tujuan utama dalam membangun sebuah brand untuk semua bisnis adalah untuk menjaga agar brand tetap terlihat untuk orang-orang di dunia maya. Hal ini juga diperkuat oleh penjelasan (Ratana, 2018); Monita (2019) bahwa social media hampir semua jenisnya adalah alat yang baik untuk membangun sebuah brand . Melalui social media sebuah perusahaan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran konsumen tentang sebuah produk ( top of mind awareness ) dan menyasar target yang lebih tersegmentasi. Brand image merupakan konsep yang sangat penting dalam dunia pemasaran. Hal ini mengacu pada persepsi, asosiasi, dan keyakinan konsumen terhadap sebuah merek. Dalam literatur pemasaran, definisi brand image sering kali didefinisikan sebagai gambaran yang terbentuk dalam pikiran konsumen tentang suatu merek, yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti kualitas produk, citra merek, pengalaman pengguna, dan interaksi dengan merek tersebut. Tjiptono (2008) menyatakan bahwa brand image mencerminkan kesan yang dimiliki oleh konsumen terhadap sebuah merek, baik itu secara langsung maupun melalui informasi yang diterima dari berbagai sumber.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 564, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kotler dan Keller (2009) menambahkan bahwa brand image merupakan hasil dari proses yang kompleks, di mana individu mengumpulkan, mengorganisir, dan menginterpretasikan informasi untuk membentuk suatu gambaran yang bermakna tentang sebuah merek. Dalam proses ini, konsumen dapat terpengaruh oleh berbagai elemen, termasuk pengalaman pribadi, pendapat orang lain, dan pesan-pesan pemasaran yang disampaikan oleh perusahaan. Dalam era digital saat ini, peran media sosial semakin meningkat dalam membentuk brand image sebuah perusahaan. Menurut Kusuma et al. (2019), media sosial memiliki potensi besar sebagai alat untuk membangun dan memperkuat brand image. Ada empat konsep utama yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penggunaan media sosial untuk membangun brand image, yaitu: Context (konteks), Communication (komunikasi), Collaboration (kolaborasi), dan Connection (koneksi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertama, konteks memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan bagaimana pesan-pesan merek disampaikan kepada konsumen. Perusahaan harus memahami karakteristik pengguna media sosial dan menciptakan konten yang relevan dan menarik bagi mereka. Selanjutnya, komunikasi yang efektif juga diperlukan untuk membangun hubungan yang kuat antara merek dan konsumen. Ini melibatkan tidak hanya menyampaikan pesan-pesan merek secara konsisten, tetapi juga mendengarkan tanggapan dan umpan balik dari konsumen. Kolaborasi dengan pengguna media sosial juga dapat membantu perusahaan memperluas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 272, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi et al. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram… , .", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 430, "top": 793, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, No. 1, Juli 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jangkauan dan meningkatkan keterlibatan konsumen. Melalui kontes, kampanye bersama, atau endorsement oleh influencer, perusahaan dapat menciptakan pengalaman yang unik dan berkesan bagi konsumen. Terakhir, koneksi yang dibangun melalui media sosial dapat membantu perusahaan membangun komunitas loyal yang terhubung erat dengan merek mereka. Dengan memanfaatkan media sosial secara efektif, perusahaan dapat memperkuat brand image mereka, memperluas jangkauan, dan meningkatkan keterlibatan konsumen. Namun, penting untuk diingat bahwa brand image bukanlah sesuatu yang statis, melainkan berkembang seiring waktu dan interaksi antara merek dan konsumen. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan perlu terus memonitor dan menyesuaikan strategi mereka sesuai dengan perubahan dalam preferensi dan perilaku konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 194, "width": 88, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 214, "width": 485, "height": 258, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: (1) Media sosial memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Korelasi yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa ada keterkaitan yang cukup kuat antara kedua faktor ini, menandakan bahwa media sosial memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk brand image radio tersebut, (2) Konteks juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Meskipun korelasi tidak begitu tinggi, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor konteks juga turut berperan dalam pembentukan brand image, meskipun mungkin tidak sekuat pengaruh media sosial, (3) Komunikasi juga terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Korelasi yang cukup tinggi menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi, baik itu dari pihak radio itu sendiri maupun dari audiensnya, memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk persepsi terhadap merek tersebut, (4) Kolaborasi juga terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Meskipun korelasi tidak begitu tinggi seperti faktor lainnya, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi dengan pihak lain, seperti sponsor atau partner, dapat memengaruhi brand image radio tersebut, (5) Komunikasi, meskipun telah disebutkan sebelumnya, tampaknya memiliki pengaruh yang cukup kuat terhadap brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Hal ini menandakan bahwa aspek komunikasi memang sangat penting dalam membentuk dan mempertahankan brand image, dan perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari pihak terkait. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, dan dapat menjadi landasan untuk pengembangan strategi branding yang lebih efektif di masa mendatang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 486, "width": 75, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 505, "width": 430, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Kotler, P. & Keller, K.L. 2009. Manajemen Pemasaran Jilid I Edisi ke 12. Jakarta: Erlangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 519, "width": 439, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Kusuma, B. A., Primadani, B., & Putri, S. (2019). Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Brand Equity. JIM UPB, 7.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 546, "width": 466, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Laksono, Bagus Pamuji Tri dan Yulianti. 2023. Hubungan Terpaan Media Sosial Pondok Pesantren La Raiba Hanifida dengan Brand Equity. Bandung Conference Series: Communication Management. Vol.3, No.2", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 587, "width": 443, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Meikle, G., & Young, S. (2017). Media convergence: Networked digital media in everyday life. Bloomsbury Publishing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 615, "width": 438, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Monita, T. (2019). Pengaruh Media Sosial Dan Brand Awareness Terhadap Brand Equity Erha Clinic Center Surabaya. 1–15.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 642, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Ratana, M. (2018). Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Ekuitas Merek( Program Crowdscourcing Foto Periode 18 Juli 2016 – 2 April 2017 di Instagram ) The Effect Of Social Media Marketing On Brand Equity ( Photo Crowdsourcing Program from July 18 , 2016 until April 2 , . April 2017, 13–28.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 696, "width": 298, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Tjiptono. (2008). Strategi Bisnis Pemasaran. Yogyakarta:Andi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 710, "width": 348, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] We Are Social. 2023. \"Data Pengguna Internet di Indonesia\". Diakses dari https://wearesocial.com/id/blog/2023/01/digital-2023/", "type": "List item" } ]
e56adcf0-7d98-3d23-2e81-e7e5080d2afb	https://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah/article/download/819/461	[ { "left": 72, "top": 93, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 93, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 456, "top": 106, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 391, "top": 47, "width": 152, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-Mutharahah:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 270, "top": 71, "width": 268, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Sosial Keagamaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 135, "width": 349, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengelolaan Managemen Resiko dan Pemasaran Menurut", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 247, "top": 153, "width": 107, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi Syariah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 188, "width": 50, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mukhlis 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 202, "width": 359, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prodi Perbankan Syariah Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Hubbulwathan Duri 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 215, "width": 159, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 217, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.46781/al-mutharahah. V20i2.819", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 257, "width": 49, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 257, "width": 148, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": 21/10/2023 Revised : 01/11/2023 Accepted : 22/02/2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 299, "width": 145, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Published : 15/05/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 355, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 368, "width": 454, "height": 168, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study is to determine the management of risk management according to Islamic economics. Where the last Prophet Muhammad and uswatun hasanah has a very complex way of shaping people's personalities through his actions. The research method used is a literature study that examines written sources from various literature references related to the Prophet Muhammad's risk management style using descriptive analysis methods and literature studies. The results found that the prophet's management was very superior in managing the system of commerce and trade because the prophet could reduce losses in the business he did. However, in marketing the prophet's business displays the traits inherent in his prophethood which are role models for us in carrying out management and marketing activities. Companies should also pay attention to the importance of using service strategies to improve services because it is one way to increase customer trust and loyalty to the products they use. to be able to manage risk in the company can follow the example of Rasulullah SAW, namely by applying the properties of Siddiq, Amanah, Fatonah and Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 548, "width": 364, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : 1 Management, 2 the Prophet Muhammad,3 Business 4 Pemasaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 576, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 589, "width": 454, "height": 168, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengelolaan manajemen resiko menurut ekonomi Islam. Dimana Rasulullah Nabi terakhir dan uswatun hasanah memiliki cara yang sangat kompleks dalam membentuk kepribadian masyarakat melalui tindakannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi kepustakaan yang mengkaji sumber tertulis dari berbagai referensi literatur terkait gaya manajemen risiko Nabi Muhammad dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan studi pustaka. Hasilnya menemukan pengelolaan managemen nabi sangat unggul dalam mengatur system perniagan dan perdagangan di karenakan nabi dapat menekan kerugian kerugian dalam perniagaan yang dilakukannya. Namun demikian dalam pemasaran perniagaan nabi menampilkan sifat-sifat yang melekat pada kenabiannya yang menjadi contoh tauladan bagi kita dalam melakukan kegiatan management dan pemasaran . Perusahaan juga harus memperhatikan pentingnya menggunakan strategi layanan untuk meningkatkan layanan karena merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan terhadap produk yang mereka gunakan. untuk dapat memanajemeni resiko pada perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 453, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat mengikuti keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, yaitu dengan menerapkan sifat Siddiq, Amanah, Fatonah dan Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 111, "width": 366, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: 1 Management, 2 the Prophet Muhammad,3 Business 4 Pemasaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A.Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan dewan adalah menempatkan seseorang yang memiliki orang hebat sehingga dia ditempatkan pada posisi yang paling sesuai. Umar bin Khattab salah satu khalifah tidak pernah diangkat menjadi panglima perang karena ternyata dia adalah sosok yang disuruh menjadi negarawan. Rasulullah SAW telah memberikan contoh dalam hal ini. Serupa dengan Abu Bakar ash-Siddiq, ia memang diinstruksikan untuk menjadi negarawan dan tidak pernah mempertimbangkan untuk menerima jabatan sebagai panglima perang. Oleh karena itu, manajemen telah dilaksanakan dan dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ajaran dan tuntunan Islam sejak zaman Nabi Muhammad, terlebih lagi sejak zaman nabi-nabi sebelumnya, ketika pembagian tugas dituntut untuk dibentuk. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 454, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan transformasional, di sisi lain, memberikan visi dan misi, menginspirasi kebanggaan, dan mendapatkan rasa hormat dan kepercayaan. Pemimpin yang menunjukkan gaya kepemimpinan ini dan menyampaikan harapan yang tinggi biasanya menggunakan simbol untuk mengarahkan upaya dan dengan jelas mengkomunikasikan arah tujuan penting. Para pionir ini tahu bagaimana memperkuat kecerdasan dengan mempublikasikan pemikiran dan wawasan, ketajaman dan pemikiran kritis yang hati-hati. Mereka mahir dalam memberikan perhatian individu yang memadai kepada setiap karyawan melalui pembinaan dan saran individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 454, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan melampaui kepentingan diri sendiri dan mampu memberikan pengaruh yang mendalam dan luar biasa pada pengikut, pemimpin transformasional adalah pemimpin yang memberikan refleksi dan harapan dalam bentuk inspirasi. Ajaibnya, Rasulullah (saw) memiliki semua ini sepanjang karir kenabian dan utusannya. Faktanya, pemimpin spiritualnya yang luar biasalah yang membuatnya lebih terkenal. Michael H. Hart, seorang penulis dan ahli astrofisika terkenal, mengakui hal ini dalam bukunya The 100: Dalam publikasinya tahun 1978, A Ranking of the Most Influential People in History, ia menempatkan Nabi Muhammad (saw) di urutan teratas daftar itu. Di tempat pertama karena, menurut penelitiannya, Nabi Muhammad (saw) adalah orang yang paling terspesialisasi dan sukses dalam sejarah baik di tingkat agama maupun sekuler. menyadari bahwa empat ciri gaya kepemimpinan Nabi (saw) adalah Siddiq (kebenaran), Amanah (dapat dipercaya), Tabligh (advokasi), dan Fathonah (kebijaksanaan). Pilar-pilar tersebut merupakan landasan moralitas(kepribadian) bagi umat Islam secara keseluruhan dan Nabi sendiri. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 454, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menempatkan seseorang pada posisi yang tepat adalah salah satu tugas manajemen. Dalam hal ini Rasulullah SAW menjadi panutan dan mempekerjakan seseorang berdasarkan keahlian dan kualifikasi keilmuannya sehingga pekerjaan dapat dilakukan dengan benar. kedudukan seseorang sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Dalam sebuah hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Didin Hafidhuddin and Hendri Tanjung, Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik (Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2003).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Zakaria bin Mat Zin and Faridah Hj Hassan, “Attributing Contemporary Leadership Moswla in Rasulullah (Peace Be Upon Him),” Journal of Islamic Management Studie2 2, no. 1 (2018): 0–22, http://www.uib.no/sites/w3.uib.no/files/attachments/1._ahmed- affective_economies_0.pdf%0Ahttp://www.laviedesidees.fr/Vers-une-anthropologie- critique.html%0Ahttp://www.cairn.info.lama.univ- amu.fr/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=CEA_202_0563%5Cnhttp://www.cairn.info.lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bukhari, Rasulullah (saw) menyatakan sebagai berikut: yang artinya “tunggulah waktu kehancurannya jika suatu urusan diserahkan kepada orang yang tidak berhak. di tangan seorang ahli.\" Berdasarkan perilaku ini, yang terus diabaikan, itu adalah prekursor yang akan mengarah pada kekacauan ekonomi umum di masyarakat dan kehancuran kepribadian dan karakter individu pada khususnya, karena individu secara tidak langsung mengabaikan bisnis. etika yang relevan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 161, "width": 454, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi normatif dengan mengabaikan sikap adil, jujur, tanggung jawab dan lain-lain hanya demi mencapai tujuan pribadi untuk keuntungan sebesar-besarnya tanpa memikirkan kemaslahatan masyarakat lain pada umumnya, seolah-olah para pengusaha muslim sudah seharusnya menerapkan ekonomi normatif dalam kegiatan usahanya seperti yang dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah SAW pada masanya. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan yang telah telusuri di atas, maka sudah menjadi kewajiban bagi kita seorang individu atau kelompok yang memiliki konsentrasi di bidang ekonomi untuk membangun kesadaran terkait etika bisnis yang merupakan hal yang paling utama dari pada sekedar memprioritaskan keserakahan atau milik sendiri kepentingan demi tercapainya keinginan untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang sebesar- besarnya, sebagaimana masa rasul merupakan cerminan dan acuan yang baik bagi para pelaku usaha untuk menciptakan suasana kegiatan usaha yang adil, jujur dan bertanggung jawab. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 453, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut peneliti tertarik membahas pengelolaan managemen resiko dan pemasaran yang di terapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad yang merupakan embrio dalam melaksanakan pengelolaan managemen dalam pemasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 383, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 454, "height": 206, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari studi kepustakaan yang mengkaji sumber tertulis dari berbagai referensi literatur terkait gaya manajemen risiko Nabi Muhammad dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan studi pustaka. dikumpulkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan ( library research ) yaitu dengan menghimpun data dari tulisan-tulisan (literasi) yang mempunyai kaitan dengan topik yang dibahas, yaitu terkait dengan manajemen resiko dalam ekonomi Islam. Data-data di ambil melalui dokumentasi berbentuk buku, jurnal penelitian, dan artikel-artikel yang mendukung. Metode pembahasan yang digunakan yakni metode deskriptif-analisis, merupakan penjelasan dan mengelaborasi ide-ide utama berkenaan dengan topik yang dibahas. Kemudian disajikan secara kritis dari sumber-sumber pustaka primer maupun sekunder yang berkaitan dengan tema. 4 Teknik Yang digunakan dalam menganalisa data pada penulisan ini adalah Teknik Analisa konten dan Deskriptif-analitik. Analisis konten (content analysis) atau kajian isi adalah metodologi penelitian yang memanfaatkan seperangkat prosedur untuk menarik kesimpulan yang sahih dari sebuah buku atau dokumen. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 636, "width": 454, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen berasal dari kata Latin \"manus,\" yang berarti \"tangan,\" dan kata Italia \"maneggiare,\" yang berarti \"mengendalikan,\" jika Anda memahami bahasanya. Manajemen telah didefinisikan sebagai proses perencanaan, pengelompokan, pengarahan. , dan mengawasi upaya karyawan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan dari perspektif manajemen. Menurut Kamus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 453, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Telsy Fratama Dewi Samad and Rosdalina Bukido, “Implementation of Normative on Business Activity in The Period of Rasulullah SAW,” AKADEMIKA 26, no. 1 (2021): 6.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 108, "top": 735, "width": 366, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R&D (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Lexi J. Moleong, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif , ed. Edisi Revisi (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), manajemen adalah pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia yang efisien untuk mencapai tujuan. 6 Artinya, seorang pemimpin puncak atau pemimpin yang bertanggung jawab atas menjalankan perusahaan atau organisasi adalah definisi lain dari manajemen. Agar manajemen yang andal terjadi, konten manajemen harus melakukan tugas- tugas berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 146, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Proses penentuan tujuan arah perusahaan sebagai bagian dari tujuan organisasi disebut perencanaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 176, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Ini adalah fungsi pengorganisasian, dan itu berupa proses menempatkan karyawan pada posisi berdasarkan keahliannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 205, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fungsi pengarahan adalah bagian dari proses dimana karyawan diberi arahan dan dikomunikasikan dengan baik agar menyimpang dari tujuan yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 235, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Fungsi kontrol adalah bagian dari proses yang memerlukan pengawasan untuk memastikan bahwa semua kegiatan organisasi berjalan sesuai rencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 265, "width": 454, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengertian manajemen syariah adalah manajemen yang mengarahkan suatu organisasi agar dapat mencapai potensi maksimalnya dan diridhoi Allah. Dalam manajemen syariah, prosedur yang sama seperti dalam manajemen konvensional mensyaratkan beberapa fungsi manajemen yang harus dipenuhi, antara lain: Fungsi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, gerak (aktuasi), dan evaluasi (pengendalian) Keinginan terhadap kegiatan halal, baik dari segi barang dan jasa, serta tata cara memperoleh dan memanfaatkannya, merupakan hal mendasar dalam manajemen syariah. Perbedaan mendasar antara manajemen syariah dan manajemen konvensional adalah cara manajer membuat keputusan. Sementara manajer dalam manajemen konvensional menghadapi sejumlah masalah dan berusaha menyelesaikannya melalui tindakan yang diambil di masa lalu, mereka selalu dipandu oleh model tradisional. Dalam manajemen syariah, di sisi lain, manajer mengambil tindakan yang harus didasarkan pada ajaran Allah yang ditemukan dalam Al-Qur'an, Hadits, dan sahabat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 443, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sangat sulit untuk menyebutkan sebuah kata dalam konteks bahasa Arab yang memiliki arti yang sama dengan manajemen dalam bahasa Inggris. Ini sebagian karena bahasa Arab memiliki banyak kata, dan semuanya dapat memiliki ekspresi yang sangat spesifik. Akibatnya, manajemen kata dalam bahasa Arab dapat diartikan sebagai: nim, idrah, tadbir, dan 'imrah. Istilah manajemen dapat disebut dengan salah satu dari empat cara ini. artinya sebagai manajemen kata bahasa Inggris. Ini setengah jalan karena kemewahan kata-kata dalam bahasa Arab di mana segala sesuatu dapat memiliki artikulasi kata tertentu. Akibatnya, sejumlah kata yang berbeda dapat digunakan untuk merujuk pada manajemen, seperti: nim, idrah , tadbir, dan 'imrah. Istilah manajemen dapat disebut dengan salah satu dari empat cara ini. Penjelasan dari istilah-istilah ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 591, "width": 436, "height": 102, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kata Arab untuk manajemen, idrah, dapat diturunkan dari padanan jamaknya, al-idrah, yang berasal dari akar kata mi dan berarti “mengatur atau mengelola” (Ahmad Warson Munawwar, 1997:432). idiom, yang mengacu pada aturan yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah. Akibatnya, kata administrasi disamakan dengan kata al-idrah. Orang-orang saat ini paling sering menggunakan istilah ini untuk menggambarkan manajemen atau administrasi. Namun, Al-Qur'an dan Hadis tidak mengandung kata ini, sehingga dapat ditentukan bahwa itu adalah kata kontemporer yang digunakan kemudian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 695, "width": 436, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tadbr Berasal dari kata Arab dabbara, yang berarti \"mengelola.\" Seiring dengan menjaga) dan memimpin), kata ini mungkin juga memiliki arti yang sama. Bila", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 758, "width": 342, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Pustaka Pheonix, Kamus Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: Team Pustaka Pheonix, 2017).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 72, "width": 417, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan dengan kata \"urusan\", kata ini berarti memikirkan hasil yang baik dan buruk (Ahmad Warson Munawwar, 1997:384).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 102, "width": 388, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teks-teks Al-Qur'an menggunakan kata tadbr daripada kata idrah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 117, "width": 419, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ُُرِّبَدُي َُْلا َُرْم َُه ِم ُ بَمَّسلا ُِء ىَلِا ُ ِض ْرَ ْلا َُّمُث ُُج ُرْعَي ًُِْيَلِا ُْيِف ُ م ْىَي َُنبَك ُ ي ُراَدْقِم َُفْلَا ُ ةَىَس بَّمِّم ن ْوُّدُعَت Yang artinya “Dia Allah yang mengarahkan segala urusan dari langit ke bumi, kemudian (urusan) itu naik kepada-Nya dalam satu hari, yang kadarnya seribu tahun menurut perhitunganmu” (QS al-Sajadah/32:5). 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 190, "width": 418, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Imam Ibnu Katsir dalam Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, ketika membahas ayat 5 surah al- Sajdah di atas, kalimat yudabbiru menandakan bahwa Allah telah menurunkan perintah- Nya dari langit yang tinggi ke tempat yang jauh di bumi melalui tujuh lapisan langit. Menurut manajemen, itu didefinisikan sebagai pengambilan keputusan tingkat atas yang didelegasikan kepada mereka yang dipercayakan dan dilakukan oleh mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 265, "width": 436, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Nizam berasal dari akar kata Jepang naama, yang berarti mengatur, merakit, atau mengatur. Nizam mengacu pada sistem, aturan, atau pengaturan.Ketika kata \"kehidupan\" ditambahkan padanya:atau negara):Ini mengacu pada aturan hidup atau sistem pemerintahan (Ahmad Warson Munawwar, 1997:1435).Baik hadits maupun Al- Qur'an tidak mengandung kata nim dalam bentuk aslinya. Kata nim hanya dapat ditemukan dalam kalimat yang diucapkan oleh sahabat Ali bin Abi Thalib ra, meskipun sebagian orang percaya bahwa penobatan itu salah. Berikut ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 383, "width": 417, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Kepalsuan yang sistematis akan menghilangkan kebenaran yang benar (tidak terorganisir) tanpa sistem.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 413, "width": 436, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Imrah Kata “imrah” dapat berarti “merawat” atau “mensejahterakan.” Menurut Allah SWT, istilah ini digunakan dalam Al-Qur'an untuk menyebut pengelolaan Masjidil Haram:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 458, "width": 414, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "بَمَّوِإ ُُرُمْعَي َُد ِجبَسَم َُِّاللّ ُْهَم َُهَمآ َُِّللّبِب ُِم ْىَيْلا َو ُِر ِخ ْلْا َُمبَقَأ َو َُة َلََّصلا ىَتآ َو َُةبَك َّزلا ُْمَل َو َُشْخَي َُّلِإ ََُّاللّ ىَسَعَف َُكِئَلوُأ ُْنَأ اىُوىُكَي َُهِم َُهيِدَتْهُمْلا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 487, "width": 418, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Apakah(orang -orang) yang memberi minuman orang-orang yang mengerjakan haji dan mengurus Masjidil Haram kamu samakan dengan orang-orang yang beriman kepada Allah dan hari kemudian serta bejihad di jalan Allah? Mereka tidak sama di sisi Allah; dan Allah tidak memberi petunjuk kepada kaum yang zalim.” (QS. Al-Tawbah/9: 19). 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah \" masjid ta'mir \", yang diterjemahkan menjadi \"bagian dari panitia pembangunan\" atau \"pengurus yang mengemban tugas mensejahterakan masjid\", akhirnya menjadi populer di Indonesia karena ayat ini yang mengandung kata \"imrah. \"Adalah mungkin untuk mengatakan bahwa tidak satu pun dari empat kosakata yang digunakan untuk merujuk pada manajemen cukup identik untuk menjadi sinonim dengan manajemen seperti yang digunakan saat ini. 9 Secara alami, ada risiko yang terkait dengan manajemen organisasi. Akibatnya, harus ada pendekatan yang berbeda untuk mengurangi potensi bahaya bagi suatu organisasi. Ketika datang untuk menghindari segala jenis risiko yang mungkin timbul dalam perusahaan, manajemen risiko memainkan peran penting. peran penting.Risiko didefinisikan sebagai hasil yang tidak diinginkan dari suatu tindakan.Bahaya menjadi kata berkonotasi negatif yang banyak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 712, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Departemen Agama RI, Al-Qur’an Dan Terjemahan (Bandung: Hilal, 2009).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 108, "top": 724, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Departemen Agama RI.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Basri, “Management and Financial Transparency of Islamic Religious Organizations: The Case Study of Modern Islamic Boarding School in Contemporary. Indonesia,” Global Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences , 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan.Misalnya, jika perusahaan kita memiliki karyawan yang tidak jujur dan suka mencuri, ada kemungkinan bahwa perusahaan akan bangkrut (kejadian yang tidak menyenangkan). Sebelum menjadi Rasul, Rasulullah SAW juga berdagang dengan barang-barang ibu Kahdijah. Nabi menggunakan manajemen yang baik dan sifat-sifat Siddiq, amanah, tabliq, dan fathanah agar barang yang dibawanya mendapat manfaat yang besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 146, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdul Razzaq, antara lain Muhaddits, melaporkan bahwa Nabi Muhammad SAW mahir mengelola dunia bisnis. Beliau memutuskan untuk bekerja sebagai wirausahawan/pedagang ketika sudah dewasa. Beliau menjadi manajer di investor perdagangan (shohibul mal) atas dasar keuntungan. berbagi ketika dia tidak memiliki modal. Siti Khadijah mengangkatnya sebagai manajer pusat perdagangan Habshah Yaman. Dia adalah investor utama Mekah. Dia dan para investornya telah menghasilkan banyak uang berkat keterampilan kewirausahaannya. Tidak satu pun jenis bisnis yang ditangani Nabi Muhammad mengalami kerugian akibat gaya perdagangannya. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 265, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada fenomena keteladanan yang baik pada diri Nabi Muhammad SAW. Adapun beberapa keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, yang pertama adalah keikhlasan beliau yang tiada tara. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh fakta bahwa ketika ia masih kecil, Malaikat Jibril membelah dadanya untuk menyucikannya dan membuang sifat buruk. Dia berdakwah di Taif dan ditendang dan dilempari kotoran unta, namun dia tetap sabar dan ikhlas. Yang kedua adalah Jihad-Nya, di mana dia selalu berperang dari barisan depan dan tidak pernah dari belakang. Kualitas ketiga adalah memiliki kesabaran. Dia tidak hanya marah pada suku Badui yang buang air kecil di masjid Nabawi; sebaliknya, ia hanya memberikan nasihat kepada orang Badui bahwa masjid adalah tempat ibadah dan tidak boleh dikotori atau dikencingi. Berkat kesabarannya, orang Badui itu memeluk Islam. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi dan metode manajemen yang paling efektif pada masa Nabi Muhammad. Setelah hijrah dari Mekkah ke Madinah, diperjelas. Mengenai periode waktu yang dihabiskan di Mekkah, manajemen Nabi Muhammad. fokus pada penerapan da 'wah dan konsentrasinya. Di Mekkah, dakwah biasanya terdiri dari dua tahap: Pertama, dakwah sirriyah, atau penyembunyian, yang dilakukan sejak pengangkatannya sebagai Rasul melalui kepindahannya ke Madinah. Nabi SAW melakukan dakwahnya. 'wah secara rahasia dan dengan sangat hati-hati dan teliti. Mengingat masyarakat Quraisy tidak terbiasa dengan konsep dan gagasan Nabi, ini menjadi perlu. Misalnya, Nabi membawa Islam ke kota Mekah secara terbuka, dan secara terbuka dimungkinkan bahwa ia akan dibunuh sebelum menyebar karena dia pasti menghadapi tentangan yang sengit dan tidak ada yang siap untuk membawa agama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, dakwah i'lan (keterbukaan) dengan menyeru dan mengajak kaum Quraisy ke dalam Islam secara universal. Dengan tuntunan wahyu, Nabi SAW mulai menunjukkan kerusakan yang telah dilakukan terhadap aqidah mereka dan sifat buruk dari kebodohan mereka. peradaban yang mereka anut sebelum menunjukkan kebenaran dan itikad baik Islam. Nabi pasti menemukan orang-orang yang ingin mengikutinya dengan dakwah ini, dan tidak mudah untuk benar-benar ditolak dan ditentang, terutama dari para pemimpin Quraisy. Tujuan utama Dakwah terbuka ini bersifat pembinaan, dan berlangsung bersamaan dengan dakwah terselubung. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 452, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 AA Mukhlas and S Gresik, “Prophet’s Business Management,” Al-Iqtishod Journal , 2020, ttps://jurnal.stai- alazharmenanti.ac.id/index.php/AlIqtishod/article/download/87/72.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Hafidhuddin and Tanjung, Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik .", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Ubbadul Adzkiya’, Prophet Muhammad’s Business Ethics: History, Teachings and Practice (Semarang: books.google.com,", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 497, "top": 761, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 176, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa tidak ada madrasah, sekolah, atau lembaga pendidikan tinggi seperti universitas pada saat itu, keberhasilan Nabi di Madinah dalam membangun kembali komunitas Muslim dengan individu-individu yang bermoral menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk merekrut individu yang mau bekerja sama untuk maju. Islam.Membangun arena pertemuan Nabi dan para sahabat untuk membahas suatu peradaban dan menyatukan Ansor dan Muhajirin dalam bentuk masjid merupakan fungsi dasar yang tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai tempat fungsional untuk berdiskusi. masalah orang. Mengadakan kontrak sosial antara penduduk Madinah adalah syarat menerima perbedaan agama. Rasulullah mendirikan prinsip-prinsip dasar masyarakat Islam, yang memungkinkan munculnya peradaban baru. Al-Ikha' (persaudaraan), al-Musa'wah (kesetaraan), al-Tasa'muh (toleransi), al-Ta'awun (tolong), dan al-'Adalah (keadilan) termasuk di antara prinsip-prinsip ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 250, "width": 454, "height": 161, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam bisnis Islam, ketentuan harus mematuhi aturan halal dan haram dalam hal perolehan dan penggunaan yang sah dari properti. Dalam hal pendapatan, hal yang sama berlaku. Ini sangat berbeda dengan bisnis non-Islam, yang lebih mengutamakan keuntungan daripada keuntungan. nilai material. Aturan halal dan haram diabaikan oleh bisnis non-Islam dalam hal produksi, pemasaran, transaksi, dan segala upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan akhir perusahaan. Ketulusan adalah salah satu fondasi penting untuk segala sesuatu dalam bisnis, menjadikannya aspek yang paling penting dari etika bisnis.Misalnya, penjual harus jujur tentang produk yang dijual selama proses jual beli.Semakin tinggi tingkat kepercayaan, semakin banyak pelanggan akan datang jika produk tersebut berkualitas tinggi.Tetapi jika mereka tidak jujur, seperti menjual produk yang tidak berkualitas tinggi tetapi dibuat sedemikian rupa, pasti akan kecewa dan berisiko kehilangan kepercayaan pelanggan. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menyadari bahwa Kota Madinah merupakan kota yang plural, maka Perjanjian Konstitusi Madinah secara implisit dan eksplisit merupakan keharusan yang memuat beberapa ketentuan yang berkaitan dengan ritme demokrasi politik. Konstitusi Madinah yang merupakan hasil dari pertemuan, dialog dalam keterbukaan dan komitmen setiap komponen masyarakat yang heterogen di Madinah, tanpa pertemuan, dialog dalam berbagai bahasa, dan keterbukaan semua orang, tentu ada kepastian untuk membentuk yang aman dan damai. masyarakat. Dalam Pembukaan UUD Madinah yang berbunyi: “Dengan menyebut nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang. Inilah kitab (ketentuan tertulis) Nabi Muhammad SAW. Diantara orang- orang mukmin yang berasal dari Quraisy dan Yatsrib dan yang mengikuti mereka, lalu bergabung dengan mereka dan bertarung dengan mereka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pembukaan piagam Madinah ini terdapat lima pokok utama antara lain 1), Penempatan asma Allah swt. pada posisi teratas. 2), Perjanjian masyarakat (social contract) secara tertulis. 3), Kemajemukan masyarakat yang ikut dalam Konstitusi Madinah. 4), keanggotaan terbuka (open membership) dan 5), Persatuan dalam ke-bhineka-an (unity in d iversity) 14 . Dengan keterlibatan semua pihak dalam perjanjian piagam Madinah, merupakan pintu bagi umat Islam dalam melaksanakan aktivitas dakwah, kegiatan ekonomi yang di peran oleh Nabi Muhammad beserta sahabatnya sehingga Madinah menjadi jendela kota perdagangan pada masa itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 703, "width": 449, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=M7sxEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=management+nabi+ muhammad+context+management+business&ots=aE2R0nMdbM&sig=OvAgV4IgszqrjIOLx83w4VPyAzM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 724, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Fitri Yeni M Dalil, “The Implementation of Hadiths About Honesty and Trust in Islamic Business Ethics,” in Batusangkar Internationa; Conference (Batusangkar, 2017), 341–49.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Ishak Hariyanto and Agus Dedi Putrawan, “Dakwah Kenabian Dan Konstruksi Masyarakat Khayalan,” Tasamuh 16, no. 1 (2018): 1–24, https://doi.org/10.20414/tasamuh.v16i1.540.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut temuan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aulia Nur Inayah, pemberdayaan ekonomi dicapai melalui sosial budaya profetik dengan mengikuti keteladanan Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam hal melakukan kegiatan ekonomi. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 453, "height": 117, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagaimana diketahui, dakwah Nabi mengalami situasi sulit dan tidak memungkinkan lagi untuk dilanjutkan ketika di Makkah. Untuk itu Nabi Muhammad beserta umat Islam Makkah melakukan hijrah ke Yatsrib, yang kemudian diberi nama Madinah. Masa awal di Madinah adalah masa-masa kritis yang menentukan, sebab organisasi dakwah Islam belum sepenuhnya mapan, kesatuan umat juga belum terbentuk utuh, ancaman dari kaum kafir Quraisy Makkah juga masih besar, ditambah lagi ancaman dari sebagian penduduk Madinah yang tidak sepakat dengan dakwah Nabi Muhammad. Untuk itu diperlukan keputusan- keputusan strategis yang tepat dalam menghadapi berbagai situasi tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 456, "height": 132, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabi Muhammad dapat dikatakan berhasil, terbukti organisasi dakwahnya dapat berkembang di Madinah dan memiliki keunggulan kompetitif sehingga mampu mengalahkan pesaing-pesaingnya dan mencapai misi dakwahnya. Situasi-situasi kritis serupa dengan masa dakwah awal di Madinah dapat juga dihadapi oleh organisasi dakwah pada hari ini. Misalnya ketika dihadapkan pada lingkungan dakwah yang baru, keadaan internal organisasi yang belum mapan, sementara pesaing sangat kuat, sehingga diperlukan arah kebijakan strategis yang tepat untuk menghadapi situasi tersebut. Kajian manajemen strategi dakwah Nabi Muhammad di masa awal Madinah dapat menjadi pelajaran penting bagi organisasi dakwah yang menghadapi situasi serupa. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 461, "height": 220, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Entrepreneurial Leadership Nabi Muhammad Saw. dalam peristiwa dakwah Nabi terbatas. Kondisi ketidakpastian tantangan, yaitu tantangan akan dikejar oleh kafir Quraisy yang selama dakwah rinstisan di Makkah tidak segan-segan untuk membunuh umat Islam, ditambah kondisi penduduk Yatsrib menawari untuk hijrah, memiliki tantangan kesetiaan dan menunaikan janji perlindungan terhadap Nabi dan umat Islam dari Makkah yang melakukan hijrah, menunjukkan ketidakpastian tantangan dalam pencapaian tujuan dakwah Nabi. Nabi Muhammad saw menerapkan kepemimpinan dalam melakukan dakwah ritisan di Makkah sampai peristiwa hijrah Nabi untuk keluar dari situasi krisis, yaitu pasca penolakan dakwah di Makkah melakukan upaya proaktif dalam mencari solusi-solusi atau menciptakan pemecahan dalam peristiwa Thaif dan pasar Dzy Al-Majaz agar bisa menciptakan peluang secara mandiri, mengambil resiko kehilangan nyawa pada peluang menyelamatkan dakwah dengan hijrah ke Yatsrib, melakukan upaya-upaya kreatif mengenali peluang dari datangnya pemuda Aus dari Yatsrib, dan menemukan ide-ide baru dalam peristiwa lolosanya Nabi dari kejaran kafir Quirasy. Semua ini dilakukan agar bisa keluar dari situasi krisis dalam melakukan dakwah rintisan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 456, "height": 87, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perilaku Nabi Muhammad dalam peristiwa dakwah rintisan di Makkah sampai peristiwa hijrah ke Yatsrib sejalan dengan perilaku kepemimpinan wirausaha (entrepreneurial leadership), mengutip Zijlstra, kepemimpinan wirausaha memiliki dimensi perilaku kunci yaitu pengambilan risiko, kreativitas, proaktif, visioner dan inovasi. Dengan adanya permasalahan dakwah Nabi yang sedang merintis usaha dakwah di Makkah sampai peristiwa hijrah Nabi ke Yatsrib, Nabi sebagai seorang pemimpin umat Islam dapat ditinjau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 F N Azizah, “Pembangunan Masyarakat Berbasis Pengembangan Ekonomi Pesantren Rubat Mbalong Ell Firdaus Tambaksari Kedungreja Cilacap …” 6, no. 03 (2018): 645–53, http://repository.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/4598/.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Dedy Pradesa, “Manajemen Strategi Dakwah Nabi Muhammad Pada Masa Awal Madinah,” INTELEKSIA - Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah 8, no. 2 (2018): 231–56, https://doi.org/10.55372/inteleksiajpid.v8i2.151.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 453, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepemimpinan dari kepemimpinan wirausaha (entrepreneurial leadership) sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencapai tujuan dakwah rintisan secara efektif bahkan bisa berkelanjutan (sustainable). 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 454, "height": 206, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahasia keberhasilan Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam menjalankan praktik bisnisnya dengan menerapkan standar harga yang tidak terlalu tinggi dan tidak terlalu rendah. Baginya, yang penting adalah pertukaran barang antara pedagang dan pembeli. Jangan biarkan hal-hal hanya berputar di sekitar kelompok tertentu. Tetapi barang-barang tersebut didistribusikan ke lapisan masyarakat. Apabila peredaran barang sesuai dengan peredaran dengan baik, maka kegiatan usaha akan stabil, dan harga dapat dikendalikan oleh masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, Nabi Muhammad juga menjual menurut harga yang diperhitungkan. Ia tidak memanipulasi harga dan tidak bersekongkol dan berkompromi dengan pembeli yang menaikkan harga, sehingga mendapat untung yang banyak. Mark up harga, timbangan, timbangan dilakukan oleh pembeli ketika mendapat pesanan dari pihak lain. Etika Muhammad dalam menyampaikan informasi tentang dagangannya dilakukan secara detail. Dia tidak menyembunyikan cacat barang dagangannya. Jika pembeli meminta kejujuran Muhammad dengan syarat barang dagangannya di bawah sumpah atas nama Tuhan, Muhammad selalu menolak. Baginya, berkata jujur adalah kunci sukses bisnis. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dia telah menjadi pedagang yang tangguh dan terkenal di Yaman, Suriah, Irak, Busra, Yordania, dan Bahrain selama 20 tahun terakhir. Seorang pengusaha sejati memiliki sifat-sifat Nabi Muhammad SAW, yaitu kejujuran, kecerdasan, dan dapat dipercaya. Dalam menjalankan berbagai transaksi bisnis, ia tidak pernah berbohong. melahirkan kebaikan (keuntungan),” sabda Mutafaqun Alaih Rasulullah. Selain itu, kebaikan akan membawamu ke surga. Allah pasti akan mencatat seseorang sebagai orang yang selalu jujur jika mereka tetap berusaha untuk jujur. Hindari berbohong dan menipu karena melakukannya hanya akan melahirkan kejahatan dan akan membawamu ke neraka. Jika seseorang terus berbohong, Allah akan mencatat mereka sebagai orang yang selalu berbohong. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 454, "height": 102, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam memiliki etika bisnis, yaitu sejumlah tindakan bisnis etis (akhlaq al Islamiyah) yang dikemas dengan nilai-nilai syariah yang mengutamakan senyawa, yaitu halal dan haram. Jadi perilaku etis adalah perilaku yang mengikuti semua perintah Allah dan menjauhi bentuk-bentuk yang dilarang. Dalam Islam, etika bisnis telah banyak dibahas dalam berbagai literatur dan sumber utamanya adalah Al-Quran dan Sunnah. Pelaku usaha diharapkan bertindak etis dalam berbagai aktivitasnya. Kepercayaan, keadilan dan kejujuran adalah elemen utama dalam mencapai kesuksesan bisnis di masa depan. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 454, "height": 102, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah \"integritas\" sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan gagasan \"shiddiq\" dalam konteks etika bisnis kontemporer. Kejujuran adalah salah satu nilai terpenting dalam dunia bisnis. Jujur adalah salah satu cara untuk menegakkan nilai dan etika bisnis. sangat jelas bahwa nilai dan etika memainkan peran penting dalam bisnis, dan ini selalu terjadi. Integritas sangat penting bagi siapa saja yang ingin menjalankan bisnis atau sudah melakukannya. Integritas harus menjadi prinsip panduan paling mendasar dalam dunia bisnis saat ini .mana manajer keuangan yang jujur, gigih, dan siap bersaing secara efektif. ”Sesungguhnya shiddiq mengarah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Andi Susanto, “Entrepreneurial Leadership Nabi Muhammad Saw Dalam Peristiwa Hijrah,” INTELEKSIA - Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah 3, no. 2 (2022): 335–56, https://doi.org/10.55372/inteleksiajpid.v3i2.191.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 712, "width": 345, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Adzkiya’, Prophet Muhammad’s Business Ethics: History, Teachings and Practice . 19 Hafidhuddin and Tanjung, Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Fitri Damayanti and Tridahus Susanto, “Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kualitas Audit, Kepemilikan Institusional, Resiko Perusahaan Dan Return on Asset Terhadap Tax Avoidance,” Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen 5, no. 2 (2015): 187–206.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 87, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada kebaikan dan kebaikan akan mengantarkan ke surga,” menurut hadits Rasulullah SAW, adalah keyakinan lain bahwa pelaku bisnis yang mengamalkan integritas akan mendapat manfaat darinya. siapa yang bersungguh-sungguh berjuang untuk shiddiq akan dicatat oleh Allah SWT, dan mereka harus menahan diri dari berbohong karena melakukannya akan membawa kerugian. laknat nal. Siapa saja yang konsisten berbohong akan dicap pembohong oleh Allah (HR.Bukhari) 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 161, "width": 382, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam tulisan Yilmaz menjelaskan karakter sifat Nabi Muhammad Saw yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 176, "width": 438, "height": 131, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Siddiq merupakan nilai dasarnya adalah integritas, ikhlas, terjamin dan keseimbangan emosional adalah sikap yang sanggat urgent dalam hal bisnis. Jujur berarti melandaskan ucapan, keyakinan serta perbuatan berdasarkan ajaran Islam. Selalu bersikap jujur adan mengantarkan seseorang pada surganya Allah SWT. sebagiamana Rasullullah bersabda yang artinya:”Sesungguhnya kejujuran mengantarkan pada kebaikan dan kebaikan akan mengantarkan ke dalam surge Seseorang yang selalu berusaha untuk jujur akan dicatat oleh allah sebagai orang jujur dan jauhilah oleh kamu perbuatan dusta , karena dusta akan mengantarkan pada kejahatan. Dan kejahatan akan mengantar kedalam neraka. Seorang yang selalu berdusta akan dicatat oleh allah sebagai pendusta.”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 309, "width": 436, "height": 102, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Amanah (terpercaya). Sikap amanah adalah nilai dasarnya terpercaya, dan nilai-nilai dalam berbisnisnya ialah adanya kepercayaan, bertanggung jawab, transparan, dan tepat waktu sikap ini juga sangat dianjurkan dalam aktifitas bisnis. Kejujuran dan amanah mempunyai hubungan yang sangat erat, karena jika seseorang telah dapat berlaku jujur pastilah orang tersebut amanah (terpercaya). Maksud amanah adalah mengembalikan hak apaa saja kepada pemiliknya, tidak mengambil sesuatu melebihi haknya dan tidak melebihi hak orang lain 22", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 413, "width": 436, "height": 117, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fatonah (Cerdas). Fatonah berarti memiliki pengetahuaan luas, nilai dalam bisnis memiliki visi, pemimpin yang cerdas sadar produk dan jasa serta mengerti akan sesuatu dan dapat menjelaskannya. Kecerdasan yang dimaksudkannya ini bukan hanya kecerdasan intelektual tapi juga kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spritual seperti yang dikatakan Ary Ginanjar sebagai berikut kemampuan untuk memberi makna ibadah terhadap setiap perilaku kegiatan melalui langkah-langkah dan pemikiran yang bersifat fitrah, menuju manusia seutuhnya dan memiliki pola pemikiran tauhid serta berprinsip hanya karena Allah. 23", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 532, "width": 436, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tabligh (Komunikatif-Promotif). Nabi Muhammad sebagai Rosul terakhir dikaruniai sifat tabligh untuk menyampaikan apa yang perintah oleh Allah kepada umatnya dengan tidak mengurangi sedikitpun perintah yang diterimanya.Sifat tabligh nilai dasarnya adalah komunikatif dan nilai bisnisnya adalah supel. 24", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada usia 12 tahun, Nabi Muhammad diajak oleh pamannya untuk berdagang ke Negara Syam (Suriah) yang jaraknya ribuan kilometer dari kota Mekkah. Perjalanan yang selama ini ditempuh oleh seorang anak berusia 12 tahun tanpa menggunakan transportasi mobil atau pesawat, hanya menggunakan unta berbeda dengan yang dilakukan orang sekarang ini, aktivitas berdagang semakin pintar dan sederhana. Perjalanan bisnis Nabi Muhammad terus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Nafiuddin, “Memahami Sifat Shiddiq Nabi Muhammad SAW Perspektif Bisnis Syariah,” BISNIS : Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam 6, no. 2 (2018): 1–3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Yusuf Qardawi, “Aku Dan Al Ikhwan Muslimun,” in Mudzakkirat Al Qaradhawi (Jakarta: Tarbawi Press, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 724, "width": 379, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Sri Nawatmi, “Etika Bisnis Dalam Perspektif,” Fokus Ekonomi (FE) 9, no. 2 (2010): 50–58.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 A MANZANI and D Fadhilah, “THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF SHIDDIQ, AMANAH, FATHANAH AND TABLIGH CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SUCCESS OF ONLINE SHOP BUSINESS,” Bilal Journal: Halal Economic Business , 2021, http://ojs.polmed.ac.id/index.php/Bilal/article/view/362.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berlanjut dari tahun ke tahun di bawah bimbingan pamannya hingga ia berusia 16 tahun. Pada usia 17 tahun ia memulai usaha sendiri sebagai pengusaha, hal ini dilakukan karena ia tidak ingin menjadi beban bagi pamannya, meskipun sebenarnya ia tidak memiliki modal apapun. Dengan memiliki posisi personal brand sebagai pemuda yang sangat rajin, percaya diri, berintegritas tinggi dan dapat dipercaya. Dalam menepati janji membuat setiap orang yang berinteraksi dengannya dalam berbisnis mendapatkan kepuasan yang luar biasa, sehingga ia menjadi primadona bagi warga jazirah Arab saat itu. Karakter ini kemudian memunculkan reputasi pribadi yang tinggi di kalangan investor dan konglomerat Makkah, sehingga meski tidak memiliki modal untuk memulai bisnis secara mandiri, banyak tawaran modal yang mengalir. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 488, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 : Aspek Manajemen dari Kisah Rasulullah SAW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberhasilan usaha pada hakikatnya adalah keberhasilan dari bisnis mencapai tujuannya. Suatu bisnis dikatakan berhasil bila mendapatkan laba, karena laba adalah tujuan dari orang melakukan bisnis. 26 Berwirausaha dalam islam tidak semata-mata hanya mengejar keuntungan di dunia 27 , tetapi juga keuntungan yang hakiki di akhirat dengan menerapkan syariat jual beli yang berlaku. 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 588, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelusuran perkembangan konsep manejemen yang dikembang oleh Nabi Muhammad Saw dengan menggunakan konsep yang dilakukan pada Rasulllah ialah sebagai enterperuship (kewirausahaan) dalam hal ini potensi dan gagasan serta idea nabi pada masa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 655, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Rima Oktavia, “Syariah Entrepreneurship: Explore The Basic Values of The Islamic Work Ethoh In The Business of The Rasulullsh,” IQTISADIE: Journal of ISlamic Banking and Shariah Economy 1, no. 2 (2021):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "256–75, http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=2926029&val=25819&title=ENTERPRENEURSIP SYARIAH MENGGALI NILAI-NILAI DASAR ETOS KERJA ISLAMI DALAM BISNIS RASULULLAH.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Abdul Halim Ibrahim et al., “Maqasid Al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics: A Comprehensive Approach,” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry , 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09902-8.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 108, "top": 735, "width": 367, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Aprijon, “Kewirausahaan Dan Pandangan Islam,” Jurnal Menara 12, no. 1 (2013): 1–11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 MANZANI and Fadhilah, “THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF SHIDDIQ, AMANAH, FATHANAH AND TABLIGH CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SUCCESS OF ONLINE SHOP BUSINESS.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "saat sekarang ini telah berkembang ditengah masyarakat Indonesia sebagaimana pemerintah menggalakkan Usaha Menengah Kecil Masyarakat, merupakan bagian dari kewirausahan mandiri yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat berkaitan dengan Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal, UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang UMKM, UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepemudaan, pemerintah Indonesia serius dalam melaksanakan program untuk meningkat ekonomi masyarakat melalui enterpenurship dalam era 4.0 merupakan kehidupan masyarakat telah berubah dengan menggunakan jaringan internet sehingga segala bentuk akses dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan smartphone sehingga kegiatan-kegiatan kewirausahaan dapat dikembangkan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sangat jelas bahwa membangun sumber daya manusia memerlukan keteladanan yang patut ditiru dan mampu menjadikan setiap manusia lebih maju, bermoral, dan bermartabat. dapat diandalkan dan tangguh. Nabi Muhammad SAW sebenarnya menjadi panutan. Beliau adalah pemimpin dunia yang mampu menciptakan sistem sumber daya manusia di berbagai bidang, antara lain: kepemimpinan pribadi, kewirausahaan dan bisnis, kehidupan masyarakat yang tertib, dan politik yang bermartabat. sistem semuanya penting. Teladan Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah teruji dan diakui oleh lebih dari 1,3 miliar manusia, juga telah terbukti dan teruji sejak lebih dari 15 abad yang lalu hingga saat ini masih sangat relevan untuk diterapkan. contoh melampaui batas ruang dan waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 339, "width": 454, "height": 206, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan juga harus memperhatikan pentingnya menggunakan strategi layanan untuk meningkatkan layanan karena merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan terhadap produk yang mereka gunakan. Kualitas Kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan tidak hanya didasarkan pada produk yang baik; melainkan, mereka didasarkan pada penyediaan layanan terbaik, yang sebenarnya dapat mengubah minat pengguna. Suatu perusahaan dapat menawarkan produk yang berkualitas dengan harga yang kompetitif, namun jika pelayanan yang diterima tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, justru dapat menyebabkan perusahaan kehilangan loyalitas pelanggan dan beralih ke produk lain. , ramah, dan berbasis pengaturan data untuk kebutuhan klien. Selain itu, layanan yang cepat dan terbaik dapat diberikan dengan memfasilitasi setiap dan semua proses transaksi yang dapat dilakukan dari lokasi mana pun kapan saja, bahkan jika kita tidak perlu kunjungi bisnisnya.Hal ini hanya dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa pengguna mendapatkan apa yang diinginkannya.Oleh karena itu, setiap bisnis harus mengutamakan memberikan pelayanan prima untuk memastikan pelanggan puas dan tetap setia. 29", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 547, "width": 453, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran ini yang telah di jalankan oleh Nabi Muhmmad Saw dalam melakukan bisnisnya tidak terlepas untuk menjelaskan pada pengguna sehingga para pengguna merasa aman dan nyaman ketika nabi menjelaskan kondisi barang dagangannya secara transfer dan terperinci. 30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amalan Manajemen Nabi Muhammad SAW menceritakan kisah kehidupan Nabi dan Rasul, dengan Nabi Muhammad SAW yang paling lengkap dan sempurna. Perjalanan hidup Nabi Muhammad memulai menggembala kambing sejak kecil hingga bergabung dengan pamannya berdagang di Suriah hingga menjadi pemilik modal di usia 38 tahun — memberikan banyak pelajaran bagi manajemen. Menurut apa yang dikatakannya, oleh karena itu jelas dan tepat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 Idil Rakhmat Susanto and Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono, “Konseptualisasi Perang Badar Sebagai Strategi Bisnis,” Islamadina : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 715, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 454, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "no. 1 (2021): 63, https://doi.org/10.30595/islamadina.v22i1.6378.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 Budi Trianto, Nil Firdaus, and Danil Syahputra, “ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT: SEJARAH, KONSEP DAN PRAKTEK DALAM KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL,” Jurnal Ekonomi Islam: Al Amwal 7, no. 1 (2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bahwa Rasulullah dijadikan contoh terpenting bagi kehidupan manusia.sebagaimana firmannya :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 117, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ُْدَقَل َُنبَك ُْمُكَل ُْيِف ُِل ْىُس َر ُِٰاللّ ُ ة َىْسُا ُ ةَىَسَح ُْهَمِّل َُنبَك اىُج ْرَي َُٰاللّ َُم ْىَيْلا َو ُاْلا َُر ِخ َُرَكَذ َو َُٰاللّ ُ اًرْيِثَك “ Sesungguhnya telah ada pada (diri) Rasulullah itu suri teladan yang baik bagimu (yaitu) bagi orang yang mengharap (rahmat) Allah dan (kedatangan) hari kiamat dan dia banyak menyebut Allah”.( QS. Al-Ahzab [33]: 21)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari paparan yang telah dijelaskan maka penulis mengambil kesimpulan manajemen resiko dalam Islam yang dicontohkan dari keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, dengan menerapkan sifat Siddiq, amanah, Fatonah dan Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 250, "width": 436, "height": 57, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Siddiq: Rasulullah menjalankan bisnis dengan benar baik dari perbuatan maupun perkataan. Hal ini membuat bisnis Rasul mendapatkan keuntungan yang berkelanjutan. Dalam memilih emiten yang tepat di instrument saham, hendaknya kita pilih perusahaan yang menjalankan operasional dengan benar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 310, "width": 436, "height": 72, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Amanah: Amanah yaitu dapat dipercaya, perusahaan harus menciptakan kepercayaan kepada masyarakat untuk mengurangi resiko yang akan terjadi. Perusahaan dengan karakter jujur dan terpercaya dalam menjalankan bisnisnya memiliki potensi sebagai pilihan investasi. Suatu perusahaan dengan manajemen perusahaan yang dapat dipercaya dapat dilihat dari reputasinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 385, "width": 436, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fathonah: Perusahaan yang cerdas dapat dilihat jika perusahaan tersebut merupakan leader di sektornya, dan selalu memiliki produk baru yang inovatif, sehingga mampu selalu menjawab perubahan dan kebutuhan pasar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 431, "width": 435, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tabligh: konsep menyampaikan ini bisa diterapkan dalam memilih perusahaan yang rutin dalam menyampaikan laporan keuangan sebagai perusahaan terbuka.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 54, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 504, "width": 454, "height": 87, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam hal ini bahwa managemen resiko yang di terapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan bagian untuk mengurangi terjadinya resiko-resiko pada pembiayaan yang tidak masuk kepada kategori dalam konsep managemen, Bentuk pemasaran yang di lakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad mengunakan melihat kondisi-kondisi pasar pada waktu itu yang telah menjadi pada persaiangan pasar yang kondusif dengan pemasaran yang di lakukan oleh Nabi dengan secara tramsfaran, akuntabel dengan merujuk kepada sifat-sifat beliau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan juga harus memperhatikan pentingnya menggunakan strategi layanan untuk meningkatkan layanan karena merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan terhadap produk yang mereka gunakan. Kualitas Kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan tidak hanya didasarkan pada produk yang baik; melainkan, mereka didasarkan pada penyediaan layanan terbaik, yang sebenarnya dapat mengubah minat pengguna. Sehingga dalam Islam, untuk dapat memanajemeni resiko pada perusahaan dapat mengikuti keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, yaitu dengan menerapkan sifat Siddiq, Amanah, Fatonah dan Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 244, "top": 104, "width": 109, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 144, "width": 454, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adzkiya’, Ubbadul. Prophet Muhammad’s Business Ethics: History, Teachings and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 158, "width": 430, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Practice . Semarang: books.google.com, 2021.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 173, "width": 427, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=M7sxEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA 1&dq=management+nabi+muhammad+context+management+business&ots=aE2R 0nMdbM&sig=OvAgV4IgszqrjIOLx83w4VPyAzM.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aprijon. “Kewirausahaan Dan Pandangan Islam.” Jurnal Menara 12, no. 1 (2013): 1 – 11. Azizah, F N. “Pembangunan Masyarakat Berbasis Pengembangan Ekonomi Pesantren Rubat Mbalong Ell Firdaus Tambaksari Kedungreja Cilacap …” 6, no. 03 (2018): 645 – 53. http://repository.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/4598/.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basri. “M anagement and Financial Transparency of Islamic Religious Organizations: The Case Study of Modern Islamic Boarding School in Contemporary. Indonesia.” Global Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences , 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 455, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalil, Fitri Yeni M. “The Implementation of Hadiths About Honesty and Trust in Islamic Business Ethics.” In Batusangkar Internationa; Conference , 341 – 49. Batusangkar, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 454, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Damayanti, Fitri, and Tridahus Susanto. “Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kualitas Audit,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 454, "height": 71, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemilikan Institusional, Resiko Perusahaan Dan Return on Asset Terhadap Tax Avoidance.” Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen 5, no. 2 (2015): 187 – 206. Departemen Agama RI. Al- Qur’an Dan Terjemahan . Bandung: Hilal, 2009. Hafidhuddin, Didin, and Hendri Tanjung. Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik . 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d63cf505-9865-9702-ca3e-acdcde8eaa58	https://ojs.mahadewa.ac.id/index.php/stilistika/article/download/954/778	[ { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 114, "width": 376, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS CERPEN SISWA KELAS XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 BADUNG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WRITING CONFERENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 163, "width": 179, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 195, "width": 152, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "oleh Dewa Made Wardika Yusana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 224, "width": 120, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SMK PGRI 2 Badung [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 272, "width": 41, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 285, "width": 399, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode writing conference dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa. Objek penelitian pembelajaran menulis cerpen dengan metode writing conference . Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu : tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap observasiatau pengamatan, dan tahap refleksi. Hasil penelitian untuk kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa termasuk kategori cukup dengan nilai rata-rata 2.77 pada siklus satu, pada silkus II sebesar 3,08 dan pada siklus III sebesar 3,42.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 382, "width": 399, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi penerapan metode writing conference dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 437, "width": 276, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : Metode Writing Conference , Menulis Cerpen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 476, "width": 367, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IMPROVING THE ABILITY OF WRITING CLASS XI TKR 1 STUDENTS OF SMK PGRI 2 BADUNG BY USING THE WRITING CONFERENCE METHOD FOR 2014/2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 524, "width": 118, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACADEMIC YEAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 553, "width": 41, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 566, "width": 399, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine whether the writing conference method can improve students' short story writing skills. The subjects of the research were class XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung in the academic year 2014/2015. The research object of learning to write short stories using the writing conference method. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely: the planning stage, the implementation stage, the observation or observation stage, and the reflection stage. The results of the research for students' short story writing skills were categorized as sufficient with an average score of 2.77 in first cycle, 3.08 in second cycle and 3.42 in third cycle. So the application of the writing conference method in Indonesian language learning can improve the students' short story writing skills in class XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung in the 2014/2015 academic year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 731, "width": 291, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Writing Conference Method, Write Short Stories", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 183, "height": 241, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN ada hakekatnya belajar bahasa adalah belajar komunikasi. Oleh karena itu pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dalam berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Indonesia baik secara lisan maupun secara tertulis (GBPP,1993:3). Pembelajaran menulis pengalaman pribadi yang mengesankan terdapat dalam butir", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 363, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pembelajaran kelas XI TKR.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 383, "width": 183, "height": 365, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran menulis masih belum banyak mendapat perhatian dari guru. Siswa pun masih kurang terbiasa untuk menulis, apalagi jika pembelajaran menulis cerepen dari refleksi kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini terjadi karena guru belum memberikan bimbingan kepada siswa secara maksimal. Akibatnya siswa mengalami kesulitan. diharapkan siswa dapat termotivasi untuk menulis cerpen dari refleksi kehidupan sehari-hari menggunakan metode writing conference . Penguasaan siswa menulis cerpen dapat tercermin pada pembelajaran bercerita pengalaman yang mengesankan. Dalam hal ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 448, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peristiwa yang diceritakan belum bisa runtut. Sehingga perlu diadakan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas keterampilan berbahasa Indonesia. Hal ini perlu didefinisikan bahwa kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen masih relatif rendah, indikatornya sebagai berikut: (a) siswa kesulitan menemukan ide atau tema, (b) siswa kesulitan menentukan kalimat pertama untuk memulai menulis dan (c) siswa sering menulis kalimat kurang padu. Karena itulah penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat pemecahan masalah pembelajaran tersebut dalam sebuah penelitian tindakan kelas berjudul “ Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Cerpen Siswa Kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung Dengan Menggunakan Metode Writing Conference ”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 591, "width": 74, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 611, "width": 178, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data yang diteliti adalah data tentang hasil belajar pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia siswa, khususnya kemampuan menulis cerpen. Data-data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan metode tes,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 128, "width": 34, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 178, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "wawancara dan observasi. Adapun instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa: tes kemampuan menulis cerpen, pedoman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 197, "width": 177, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "wawancara, dan pedoman observasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 218, "width": 181, "height": 427, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung yang berjumlah 30 orang. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di SMK PGRI 2 Badung. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2014/2015, mulai dari bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2014. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 (tiga) siklus yang tergantung pada pencapaian hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa, khususnya pada kemampuan menulis cerpen. Setiap siklus dari rancangan ini terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu: Perencanaan; Tindakan; Pengamatan; dan Refleksi. Adapun ilustrasi tahapan siklus kegiatan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dimaksud dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 653, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dicermati pada gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 324, "width": 182, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar. 1 Siklus Berulang Kegiatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 400, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 421, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Hasil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 366, "top": 441, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian tindakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 462, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kelas ini, baik peneliti, dan guru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 483, "width": 184, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahasa Indonesia lain selalu berkolaborasi dalam setiap kegiatan seperti merencanakan tindakan, melaksanakan tindakan, observasi serta bekerja sama dalam kegiatan lain yang berkaitan dengan penelitian.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 432, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Ringkasan Hasil Penelitian Siklus I, Siklus II dan Siklus III SIKLUS RERATA SKOR KATEGORI Siklus 1 2,77 Cukup Siklus 2 3,08 Baik Siklus 3 3,42 Amat Baik 3.2 Pembahasan Temuan pada setiap siklus penelitian yang berbentuk data dan berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian dapat peneliti uraikan pada bagian pembahasan berikut ini. Validitas data terletak pada aplikasinya dan terpecahkannya masalah penelitian. Deskripsi komperatif masing-masing putaran (siklus) dan diakhiri dengan interpretasi penulis, meliputi :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 560, "width": 183, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(a) Kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen sebelum menggunakan metode writing conference dikategorikan cukup. Kemampuan itu mencapai pada rata-rata. Berikut ini data tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan interpretasi yang diawali dengan 2,77 rata-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 726, "width": 165, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rata cukup seperti itu didasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 324, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "oleh (a) Siswa merasa tertekan adanya keadaaan proses pembelajaran dengan adanya pengamat dan juga belum terbiasa menulis cerpen. (b) Siswa masih enggan untuk bertanya, bagaimana cara mememukan pokok-pokok persoalan yang akan dikembangkan. (c) Daya kreatif siswa untuk menulis cerpen belum dikembangkan dan penguasaan kosakata pun masih minim. (b) Kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen setelah menggunakan metode writing conference", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 348, "top": 446, "width": 166, "height": 302, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(menulis bersama).Pada siklus II dan III metode writing conference (menulis bersama) digunakan untuk pembelajaran menulis. Pada siklus II perolehan hasil ditandai oleh nilai rata-rata yang sudah meningkat dari rata-rata yang diperoleh dari siklus I. rata- rata tersebut mencapai 3.08 dari 30 siswa. Dengan begitu, pada siklus II ini nilai siswa dapat dikategorikan baik dalam mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Pada siklus III ditandai oleh peningkatan nilai yang cukup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 114, "width": 166, "height": 572, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tinggi, yakni 3.42 yang berkriteria Amat baik. Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa perlakuan guru sangat memberikan perubahan nilai ke arah yang lebih tinggi, perlakuan ini tentunya mengarah kepada pemakaian metode yang mengacu pada keberhasilan pembelajaran yang menitikberatkan pada pencapaian tujuan dengan memperhatikan kondisi siswa. Dari refleksi diperoleh kesan bahwa penilaian harus dilanjutkan dengan beberapa latihan demi ketercapaian hasil yang lebih baik. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa siswa bereaksi positif terhadap terhadap pengelompokan belajar dari pada belajar secara indifidu. Berdasarkan pendeskripsian di atas diperoleh kesan tentang pelaksanaan masing-masing siklus yang mengarah pada pemantauan langkah-langkah yang tepat bagi kegiatan menulis cerpen pengalaman.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 694, "width": 183, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Materi yang cocok dalam menulis cerpen seperti hanya karakteristik pengalaman yang mengesankan,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 348, "top": 114, "width": 165, "height": 179, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "siswa bebas berkreasi sesuai dengan kondisi, keinginan, pengalaman dan pengetahuan siswa. Dalam menulis cerpen pengalaman yang mengesankan, siswa harus mengingat kembali beberapa peristiwa yang penuh dialami untuk dipilih satu peristiwa yang paling berkesan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 301, "width": 184, "height": 447, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran guru hanya sebatas fasilitator yang memberikan dukungan bagi siswa. Dari ketiga siklus, keberhasilan yang terbanyak adalah kebebasan siswa dalam menulis dan pengalaman dan saling memberikan masukan antar siswa. Hak tersebut memiliki kelebihan-kelebihan (1) Siswa terdorong menerangkan ide- idenya. (2) dominasi guru mulai berkurang, sebab siswa aktif. (3) memungkinkan menerapkan pola induktif, sebab pola induktifpun berperan besar dalam dalam memotivasi siswa untuk lebih sering dalam menulis cerpen, pemilihan materi, pembelajaran yang tidak menyimpang dari tujuan pembelajaran menulis cerpen membuat siswa lebih mudah melakukan kegiatan menulis (4)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 183, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "materi yang dipilih harus mampu memotivasi siswa untuk berkreasi dalam menuangkan ide-idenya. Wawasan dan kemampuan guru dalam menentukan materi juga akan memberikan arah pada keberhasilan pembelajaran dan siswa harus juga memberikan dukungan dalam pembelajaran sehingga membangun citra pembelajaran di kelas. Oleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 321, "width": 183, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sebab itu pengondisian siswa sangat diperlukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 369, "width": 180, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah-pembelajaran menulis cerpen pengalaman mengesankan siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 431, "width": 180, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Badung. Yang tepat adalah (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 452, "width": 180, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "apersepsi guru (2) pengalihan ide,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 472, "width": 180, "height": 158, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yaitu memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk bertanya jawab dalam menentukan ide-ide.(3) penerapan ide-ide dalam bentuk menulis cerpen yang dilakukan siswa. (4) mengevaluasi tulisan yang dibuat siswa. Secara rinci langkah tersebut dijabarkan sebagai berikut .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 114, "width": 397, "height": 640, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1)Apresiasi guru (a) Guru memberikan pengantar menulis cerpen dengan merangkaikan kelanjutan pembelajaran dan pembelajaran berikutnya. (b) Guru mengamati kesiapan siswa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 352, "top": 156, "width": 162, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Guru memberikan garis tegas tentang kegiatan yang akan dilakukan siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 341, "top": 218, "width": 173, "height": 344, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Penggalian ide (a) Siswa menggali ide berdasarkan kemampuan dan penguasaannya dalam menulis cerpen. (b) Siswa mendaftar beberapa ide pengalaman yang mengesankan untuk dapat ditulis satu yang paling mengesankan. (c) Siswa merenungkan satu pengalaman untuk dikembangkan menjadi cerpen dengan bertanya jawab, diskusi, dan saling memberikan koreksi hasil karangannya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 570, "width": 184, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) Penerapan ide-ide menulis cerpen (a) Siswa mengidentifikasi butir- butir gagasan yang telah dikategorikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 348, "top": 653, "width": 166, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(b) Siswa memilih satu butir pengalaman yang ppaling mengesankan. Siswa mengembangkan gagasan-gagasannya menjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 114, "width": 173, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "cerpen dengan memperluas kalimat penjelasnnya. (4) Evaluasi pelaksanaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 176, "width": 162, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(a) Guru membaca, mengamati dan menganalisis tulisan cerpen siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 138, "top": 239, "width": 159, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(b) Guru memberikan penilaian hasil jawaban siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 138, "top": 280, "width": 159, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Guru membagikan hasil kepada siswa sebagai umpan balik selanjutnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 363, "width": 71, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 384, "width": 67, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Simpulan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 405, "width": 183, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian yang telah dipaparkan pada bagian sebelumnya, beberapa simpulan yang dapat peneliti tarik adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 493, "width": 183, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) Kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen kelas XI TKR 1 SMK", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 535, "width": 166, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PGRI 2 Badung. Sebelum menggunakan metode writing conference (menulis bersama)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 597, "width": 165, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikategorikan cukup dengan nilai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 618, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rata-rata: 2.77 (belum tuntas).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 638, "width": 184, "height": 117, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Terjadi peningkatan kemampuan menulis cerpen dengan metode writing conference siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung. Dikategorikan baik dengan nilai rata-rata 3.08 (tuntas).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 348, "top": 114, "width": 165, "height": 96, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan tersebut meningkat pada siklus II dan siklus III mencapai nilai rata-rata 3.40 dengan kategori Amat Baik (tuntas).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 218, "width": 186, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) Materi yang cocok untuk menulis cerpen pengalaman bagi siswa XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 280, "width": 184, "height": 427, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "adalah materi yang sesuai dengan kondisi, keinginan, pengalaman, dan kemampuan menulis cerpen. Dalam menulis cerpen pengalaman, siswa diberikan kebebasan mengingat kembali peristiwa-peristiwa yang dialami. Sedangkan peran guru hanya sebatas fasilitator yang memberikan dukungan pada siswa. 4.2 Saran Penyampaian saran ini merupakan sumbangan pemikiran mitra peneliti untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung khususnya pembelajaran menulis cerpen. Adapun saran dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 715, "width": 183, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Diharapkan semua guru memberikan pelayanan, motivasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 427, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dan mencari kelemahan- kelemahan siswa serta memecahkannya sehingga prestasi siswa akan lebih baik. 2) Dalam mengembangkan konsep pembelajaran menulis cerpen metode writing conference (menulis bersama), guru harus menguasai situasi kelas, kecerdasan siswa dan aktivitas belajar siswa di kelas. 3) Hendaknya siswa diberi kesempatan untuk bertanya sebelum guru menerangkan materi pelajaran. Pertanyaan yang muncul tidak harus guru yang menjawab. Melainkan guru memberikan kesempatan pada siswa lain untuk menjawabnya. Bila jawaban belum tepat, guru dapat memberi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 242, "top": 528, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pertanyaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 549, "width": 165, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penuntun yang dapat mengarah pada jawaban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 114, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 142, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Azwar, Saifudin. (1998). Metode", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 156, "width": 184, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian . Jogjakarta: Pustaka Belajar. Depdikbud. (1998). Kamus Baku Bahasa Indonesia . Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 252, "width": 184, "height": 400, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gugus,Mardini.(1999). Peningkatan Ketrampilan menulis Puisi Menggunakan Metode Conference Writing . Jurnal Gentengkali No 3 Tahun III Surabaya Proyek PPM SLTP JATIM Kasihani, Kasballah. (1998). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas . Malang: IKIP Malang Soedarsono, F.X. (1997). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas: Rencana Desain dan Inplementasi. Jogjakarta : Dirjen Dikti. Suyuti, Sumitro A. (1997). Apresiasi Prosa Fiksi. Jakarta: Depdikbud. Tarigan, Henry Guntur. (1983). Menulis Sebagai Salah Satu Keterampilan Berbahasa. Bandung: Angkasa. __________, (1991). Metode Pengajaran Bahasa . Bandung: Angkasa.", "type": "Table" } ]
cf5a785e-600d-03cc-7a16-6a0261d75827	https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/JIS/article/download/29040/32017	[ { "left": 99, "top": 38, "width": 152, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2540-9840 p-ISSN 1412-3770", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, April 2021, 21(1): 85-90", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 48, "width": 434, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accredited by Ministry of Research, Technology DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.29040 and Higher Education No: 28/E/KPT/2019 Available online at https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 90, "width": 413, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemetaan dan Pengelompokan Karakteristik Usaha Pariwisata di Kota Manado Menggunakan Analisis Biplot", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 128, "width": 339, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamariska Ega Tabitha Mandagi 1) , Djoni Hatidja 1) , Mans Mananohas 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 152, "width": 322, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Program Studi Matematika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 175, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ") Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 200, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 219, "width": 436, "height": 199, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan Penelitian ini, yaitu memetakan kelebihan dan kekurangan kecamatan-kecamatan di Kota Manado serta menggelompokan karakteristik usaha pariwisata yang ada di Kota Manado dengan menggunakan metode biplot. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yakni data jumlah usaha pariwisata tahun 2019 yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kota Manado. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa objek dalam hal ini kecamatan-kecamatan yang dapat dikelompokkan memiliki karakteristik usaha pariwisata yang relatif sama adalah 1). Malalayang, Wanea, dan Sario 2). Bunaken, Singkil, Tuminting, Tikala, Paal Dua, dan Mapanget 3). Bunaken Kepulauan 4). Wenang. Kelompok pertama memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang cukup pada hampir keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada, tapi masih perlu diperhatikan untuk usaha pariwisata Kawasan Pariwisata, Penyediaan Akomodasi, dan Wisata Tirta. Kelompok kedua, merupakan kelompok kecamatan yang butuh banyak perhatian untuk dikembangkan lagi dikarenakan masih banyak kecamatan yang jumlah usaha pariwisatanya masih kurang bahkan tidak ada di kecamatan-kecamatan ini. Kelompok ketiga, kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang paling unggul untuk usaha pariwisata Wisata Tirta, tapi untuk usaha pariwisata lainnya masih perlu dikembangkan lagi. Kelompok keempat, kecamatan Wenang memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang unggul pada keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 424, "width": 301, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Analisis biplot; pengelompokan; usaha pariwisata; Manado", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 450, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mapping and Grouping the Characteristics of Tourism Enterprises in Manado City Using Biplot Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 286, "top": 490, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 509, "width": 436, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aims of this research was mapping the advantages and disadvantages of sub-districts in Manado City and grouping the characteristics of tourism enterprises in Manado City using the biplot analysis. The data used in this research are secondary data which is tourism enterprises data in 2019 that obtained from the Department of Tourism and Culture of Manado City. The results show that the object or sub-districts can be grouped having relatively similar tourism enterprises characteristics, are 1). Malalayang, Wanea, and Sario 2). Bunaken, Singkil, Tuminting, Tikala, Paal Dua, and Mapanget 3). Bunaken Kepulauan 4). Wenang. The first group has a sufficient number of tourism enterprises, but still needs to be considered for tourism businesses in the Tourism Area, Provision of Accommodation, and Water Tourism. The second group, is sub-district group that needs a lot of attention to be developed again. The third group, Bunaken Kepulauan has the most superior number for Water Tourism, but for other tourism enterprises it still needs to be developed further. The fourth group, Wenang has a number of tourism enterprises that excel in all existing tourism enterprises.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 663, "width": 300, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Biplot analysis; grouping; tourism enterprises; Manado", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 692, "width": 361, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Article History: Received 06-07-2020; Accepted 05-11-2020; Published 28-04-2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 726, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 745, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha pariwisata merupakan salah satu hal yang menjadi pokok perhatian pemerintah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 726, "width": 205, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Provinsi Sulawesi Utara terlebih khusus oleh pemerintah ibukota Provinsi Sulawesi Utara yaitu Kota Manado. Berlandaskan dari visi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 41, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "86 Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 73, "width": 205, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah (RPJPD) Kota Manado 2005-2025 yaitu: “Manado Pariwisata Dunia”, maka pariwisata di Kota Manado harus lebih giat dikembangkan lagi. Dalam upaya peningkatan dan pengembangan usaha pariwisata di daerah dalam hal ini Kota Manado, diperlukan kebijakan-kebijakan yang mungkin berbeda antar kecamatan, sesuai dengan kondisi usaha pariwisata yang ada di kecamatan masing- masing. Berdasarkan dengan jenis-jenis usaha pariwisata yang sudah ditetapkan pemerintah, akan dilihat bagaimana pemetaan posisi kecamatan-kecamatan yang ada di Kota Manado yang akan disesuaikan dengan usaha- usaha pariwisata yang ada di Kota Manado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 276, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purwanto et al. (2015), Gobel et al .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 289, "width": 206, "height": 123, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2013), Mamangkey et al . (2013), telah melaksanakan penelitian menggunakan analisis biplot tentang pemetaan SMA/SMK di kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara berdasarkan empat indikator standar nasional pendidikan, analisis karakteristik kualitas pengajar berdasarkan faktor mutu pelayanan di jurusan matematika FMIPA UNSRAT dan analisis pola pengeluaran rumah tangga di kabupaten Sangihe, Talaud dan Sitaro.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 415, "width": 177, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kusuma et al . (2016) dan Barus et al .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 428, "width": 206, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2013) telah melaksanakan penelitian tentang aplikasi analisis korespondensi untuk melihat karakteristik usaha pariwisata di provinsi Bali. Srinadi et al . (2016) juga telah melaksanakan penelitian sebelumnya tentang analisis biplot terhadap pemetaan posisi dan karakteristik usaha pariwisata, namun objek yang digunakan adalah provinsi Bali.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 529, "width": 206, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejauh ini belum ditemukan penelitian tentang pemetaan posisi dan karakteristik usaha pariwisata di Kota Manado, Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu memetakan dan menggelompokkan karakteristik usaha pariwisata di Kota Manado dengan menggunakan analisis biplot.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 633, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 652, "width": 205, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Statistika Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT dan di tempat tinggal peneliti dan telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 sampai bulan April 2020. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder yakni data jumlah usaha pariwisata tahun 2019 yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kota", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 73, "width": 205, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manado. Objek penelitian adalah seluruh kecamatan yang ada di kota Manado yang disajikan pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 111, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Kecamatan-Kecamatan yang Ada di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 124, "width": 195, "height": 123, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kota Manado No Kecamatan No Kecamatan 1 Kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) 7 Kecamatan Singkil ( Si ) 2 Kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan ( BK ) 8 Kecamatan Tikala ( Ti ) 3 Kecamatan Malalayang ( Mal ) 9 Kecamatan Tuminting ( Tu ) 4 Kecamatan Mapanget ( Map ) 10 Kecamatan Wanea ( Wa ) 5 Kecamatan Paal Dua ( PD ) 11 Kecamatan Wenang ( We ) 6 Kecamatan Sario ( Sa )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 251, "width": 206, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peubah-peubah yang diamati adalah peubah usaha pariwisata berdasarkan undang- undang RI Nomor 10 tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan yang disesuaikan dengan keadaan Kota Manado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 314, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 343, "width": 208, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Data asal dianalisis dengan statistika deskriptif untuk mengetahui gambaran data secara umum menggunakan software pengolah angka. Dalam hal ini faktor usaha pariwisata adalah daya tarik wisata, jasa perjalanan wisata, jasa makanan dan minuman, penyediaan akomodasi, penyelenggaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi, penyelenggaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran, wisata tirta dan spa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 485, "width": 203, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Melakukan analisis biplot dengan langkah- langkah sebagai berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 511, "width": 156, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Pemasukan data (matriks data X)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 527, "width": 191, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Penguraian matriks X yang telah distandarisasi dengan SVD", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 555, "width": 191, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Plot matriks G dan H secara tumpang tindih", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 601, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 623, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Deskripsi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 637, "width": 206, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skor yang merupakan jumlah dari usaha-usaha pariwisata yang ada di kecamatan-kecamatan yang ada di Kota Manado disajikan dalam Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 41, "width": 367, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mandagi, Hatidja & Mananohas: Pemetaan dan Pengelompokan Karakteristik ……… 87", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 73, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Skor Usaha Pariwisata di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 86, "width": 180, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecamatan-Kecamatan di Kota Manado Kec Usaha Pariwisata", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 116, "width": 159, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑋 1 𝑋 2 𝑋 3 𝑋 4 𝑋 5 𝑋 6 𝑋 7 𝑋 8 𝑋 9", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 105, "top": 134, "width": 188, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B 2 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 0 BK 0 4 0 1 37 0 0 24 0 Mal 2 1 20 61 17 9 1 1 5 Map 1 0 24 50 3 12 0 0 0 PD 2 0 15 21 1 7 1 0 0 Sa 2 0 23 108 13 18 0 0 15 Si 1 0 4 7 5 1 0 0 0 Ti 0 0 6 15 6 17 0 0 1 Tu 1 0 6 28 3 0 0 1 0 Wa 1 0 41 54 22 14 1 0 4 We 12 4 51 214 41 35 6 0 13", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 309, "width": 206, "height": 152, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2, skor/jumlah usaha pariwisata kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) pada daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) adalah 2, artinya terdapat 2 daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) pada kecamatan Bunaken. Untuk skor/jumlah usaha pariwisata kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) pada Jasa Makanan dan Minuman ( 𝑋 4 ) adalah 1, Penyediaan Akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ) adalah 9 dan Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ) adalah 1. Sedangkan untuk skor/jumlah usaha pariwisata kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) pada Kawasan Pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ), Jasa Perjalanan Wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), Penyelenggaraan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 462, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan Hiburan dan Rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 476, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyelenggaraan Pertemuan, Perjalanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 487, "width": 206, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Insentif, Konferensi, dan Pameran ( 𝑋 7 ) dan SPA ( 𝑋 9 ) adalah 0 artinya tidak terdapat usaha-usaha pariwisata ini pada kecamatan Bunaken ( B ). Penjelasan yang serupa untuk kecamatan-kecamatan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 555, "width": 206, "height": 200, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Biplot Menurut Mattjik et al. (2004), empat hal penting yang dapat dilihat pada biplot, yaitu: 1. Hubungan (korelasi) antar peubah, dengan menggunakan biplot peubah akan digambarkan sebagai garis berarah. Dua peubah yang memiliki korelasi positif tinggi akan digambarkan sebagai dua buah garis dengan arah yang sama, atau membentuk sudut yang sempit. Apabila dua peubah yang memiliki korelasi negatif tinggi akan digambarkan dalam bentuk dua garis yang arahnya berlawanan, atau membentuk sudut yang lebar (tumpul). Sedangkan dua buah peubah yang tidak berkorelasi akan digambarkan dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 71, "width": 188, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bentuk dua garis yang mendekati 90⁰ (siku- siku).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 99, "width": 206, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Keragaman peubah, informasi ini digunakan untuk melihat apakah ada peubah tertentu yang nilainya hampir sama setiap objek ada yang sama besar dan ada juga yang sangat kecil. Dengan informasi ini, bisa diperkirakan pada peubah mana strategi tertentu harus ditingkatkan, serta sebaliknya. Dalam biplot, peubah dengan keragaman kecil digambarkan dengan vektor yang pendek, sedangkan peubah yang ragamnya besar digambarkan sebagai vektor yang panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 251, "width": 206, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kedekatan antar objek, informasi ini bisa dijadikan panduan objek mana yang memiliki kemiripan karakteristik dengan objek tertentu. Dalam biplot, dua objek dengan karakteristik sama akan digambarkan sebagai dua titik yang posisinya berdekatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 339, "width": 206, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Nilai peubah pada suatu objek, informasi ini digunakan untuk melihat keunggulan dari setiap objek. Objek yang terletak searah dengan arah dari suatu peubah dikatakan bahwa pada objek tersebut nilainya diatas rata-rata. Sebaliknya jika objek terletak berlawanan dengan arah dari peubah tersebut, maka objek tersebut memiliki nilai di bawah rata-rata. Objek yang hampir ada di tengah-tengah, memiliki nilai dekat dengan rata-rata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 478, "width": 208, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam percobaan multi-lingkungan (multienvironment trial) seperti pada industri pariwisata, seringkali sulit untuk mengetahui pola (pattern) interaksi perlakuan dengan lingkungan tanpa bantuan tampilan grafis dari data (Yan et al ., 2001; Dehghani et al ., 2006). Analisis biplot diperoleh dengan penguraian nilai singular suatu matriks (Singular Value Decompotion, SVD). Suatu matriks X(nxp) yang berpangkat r dikoreksi terhadap nilai rataannya, maka matriks tersebut dapat dituliskan menjadi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 628, "width": 206, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑋 = 𝑈 𝐿 𝐴 ′ . . . . . . . . . . . … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) dengan matriks 𝑈 dan 𝐴 masing-masing berukuran (𝑛 𝑥 𝑟) dan (𝑝 𝑥 𝑟) sehingga 𝑈′𝑈 = 𝐴′𝐴 = I .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 682, "width": 205, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Jolliffe (1986), dengan menggunakan metode penguraian nilai singular matrik X akan diperoleh:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 720, "width": 205, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X’X = (GH’)’ (GH’) = HG’ GH’ = HU’ UH’", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 736, "width": 182, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= HH’ ………………………………(2)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 754, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 41, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88 Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 71, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X’X = (GH’) (GH’)’ = GH’ HG’ = GA’ AG’ = GG’ ……………………………… (3) Korelasi antara peubah ke- 𝑗 dan peubah ke- 𝑘 ditunjukkan oleh kosinus antara vektor ℎ 𝑗 dan ℎ 𝑘 serta jarak euclid antara 𝑔 ℎ dan 𝑔 𝑖 akan sama dengan jarak euclid 𝑥 ℎ dan 𝑥 𝑖 Plot antara 9 peubah usaha pariwisata (Daya tarik wisata, kawasan pariwisata, jasa perjalanan wisata, jasa makanan dan minuman, penyediaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 196, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akomodasi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 208, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 221, "width": 205, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran, wisata tirta dan SPA) dan objek pengamatan (11 kecamatan di kota Manado) disajikan pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 489, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Plot Antara 9 Peubah dan 11", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 128, "top": 502, "width": 176, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Objek Pengamatan Berdasarkan Gambar 1, dapat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 527, "width": 206, "height": 241, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dijelaskan bahwa korelasi positif antar peubah terjadi pada peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ) karena kedua peubah tersebut memiliki arah yang sama dan sudut yang lancip. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin bertambahnya jasa perjalanan wisata yang ada di kecamatan-kecamatan di kota Manado, semakin bertambah pula penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi yang ada di kecamatan-kecamatan di kota Manado, begitu pula sebaliknya. Selain itu, korelasi positif juga ditunjukkan oleh peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ) dan peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ), juga peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ) dan peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 73, "width": 206, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedekatan antar objek dapat ditunjukkan oleh kecamatan Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6) karena jarak ketiga objek terletak berdekatan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa karakteristik ketiga objek tersebut relatif sama. Sama halnya dengan kecamatan Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4) yang jarak objeknya juga berdekatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 187, "width": 206, "height": 126, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keragaman yang besar terjadi pada peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ) karena memiliki vektor yang panjang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kota Manado memiliki jasa makanan dan minuman yang sangat bervariasi di masing-masing kecamatannya. Adapun peubah lainnya yang juga memiliki keragaman besar adalah peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ), peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ), dan peubah wisata tirta ( 𝑋 8 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 315, "width": 206, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan keragaman kecil ada pada peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ) , karena memiliki vektor yang paling pendek. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha pariwisata SPA yang ada di Kota Manado relatif sama antar kecamatan- kecamatan yang ada. Adapun peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ) juga mempunyai vektor yang pendek dibandingkan dengan vektor peubah yang lain .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 429, "width": 206, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun objek-objek yang memiliki keunggulan terhadap peubah dapat dilihat pada kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan(2) yang memiliki usaha pariwisata paling dominan dalam hal wisata tirta ( 𝑋 8 ) , karena vektor dari peubah tersebut searah dengan kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan(2). Selain itu juga dapat dilihat bahwa, kecamatan Wenang(11) memiliki usaha pariwisata paling dominan dalam hal penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 581, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari gambar 1 di atas juga dapat dilihat terjadi pengelompokkan baik antar objek maupun antar peubah. Untuk pengelompokan objek dapat dilihat ada 4 kelompok objek yang terbentuk yaitu kelompok Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6), kelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 657, "width": 206, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4), kelompok Bunaken Kepulauan(2) dan kelompok Wenang(11). Untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 708, "width": 206, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengelompokkan peubah dapat dilihat ada 3 kelompok peubah yang terbentuk yaitu kelompok peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ), peubah jasa makanan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 41, "width": 367, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mandagi, Hatidja & Mananohas: Pemetaan dan Pengelompokan Karakteristik ……… 89", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 72, "width": 206, "height": 611, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "minuman ( 𝑋 4 ), peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ), kelompok peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ) dan peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ), dan kelompok peubah Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ). Kelompok objek yang pertama, kelompok Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6) terletak hampir ditengah kelompok peubah peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ). peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ), peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ), artinya kelompok objek Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6) memiliki nilai yang mendekati rata-rata pada kelompok peubah tersebut. Kelompok objek yang kedua, kelompok Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4), terletak berlawanan arah dari semua vektor peubah yang ada, artinya kelompok Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4) memiliki nilai hampir di bawah rata-rata dari keseluruhan peubah yang ada. Kelompok objek yang ketiga, kelompok Bunaken Kepulauan(2), terletak searah dengan kelompok peubah Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ), artinya kelompok Bunaken Kepulauan(2) memiliki nilai di atas rata-rata untuk kelompok peubah Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ), tapi nilainya untuk kelompok peubah lainnya jauh di bawah dari nilai rata-rata. Kelompok objek keempat, kelompok Wenang(11) terletak searah dengan kelompok peubah peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ). peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ), peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ) dan kelompok peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ) dan peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ), yang artinya kelompok Wenang(11) memiliki nilai di atas rata-rata dari peubah-peubah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 686, "width": 206, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keakuratan biplot dalam menerangkan tingkat keragaman dari matriks data asal dirumuskan sebagai berikut (Everit, 1978):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 725, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝜌 2 = (𝜆 1 +𝜆 2 ) ∑ 𝜆 𝑘 𝑝 𝑘=1 ……………………………...(4)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 330, "top": 72, "width": 206, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dimana, 𝜆 1 = akar ciri terbesar pertama; 𝜆 2 = akar ciri terbesar kedua; 𝜆 𝑘 = akar ciri terbesar ke-k; 𝜌 2 = tingkat keakuratan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 112, "width": 206, "height": 150, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis biplot, diperoleh akar ciri terbesar pertama 𝜆 1 = 4.356407e+03 dan akar ciri terbesar kedua 𝜆 2 = 1.733897e+02. Dari persamaan (4), diperoleh nilai ρ 2 =0,9751 (97,51. Hal ini berarti bahwa keragaman yang dapat diterangkan biplot adalah sebesar 97.51% dari keragaman data yang sebenarnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa interpretasi biplot yang dihasilkan mampu menerangkan dengan baik hubungan antara peubah usaha pariwisata dan kecamatan-kecamatan di Kota Manado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 279, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 298, "width": 206, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat 4 kelompok kecamatan dan 3 kelompok usaha pariwisata yang terbentuk. Kelompok kecamatan yang pertama, kelompok Malalayang, Wanea, dan Sario memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang cukup pada hampir keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada. Tapi masih perlu diperhatikan untuk usaha pariwisata Kawasan Pariwisata,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 399, "width": 205, "height": 225, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyediaan Akomodasi, dan Wisata Tirta. Kelompok kecamatan yang kedua, kelompok Bunaken, Singkil, Tuminting, Tikala, Paal Dua, dan Mapanget, merupakan kelompok kecamatan yang butuh banyak perhatian untuk dikembangkan lagi dikarenakan masih banyak kecamatan yang jumlah usaha pariwisatanya masih kurang bahkan tidak ada di kecamatan- kecamatan ini. Kelompok kecamatan yang ketiga, kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang paling unggul untuk usaha pariwisata Wisata Tirta, tapi untuk kelompok usaha pariwisata lainnya masih perlu dikembangkan lagi. Kelompok kecamatan yang keempat, kecamatan Wenang memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang unggul pada keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 639, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 658, "width": 208, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Barus, N.S., Kencana, I.P. & Sukarsa K.G. 2013. Pengelompokkan kabupaten di provinsi bali berdasarkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 359, "top": 696, "width": 177, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perkembangan fasilitas pariwisata. Jurnal Matematika , 2: 53–58.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 41, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "90 Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 73, "width": 206, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dehghani, H., Ebadi, A. & Yousefi, A. 2006. Biplot analysis of genotype by environment interaction for barley yield in Iran. Agronomy Journal , 98: 388– 393.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 137, "width": 208, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Everit, B. 1978. Graphical Techniques for Multivariate Data . Heinermann Educational Books. Gobel, T.V., Hatidja, D. & Komalig, H. 2013. Karakteristik Kualitas Pengajar Berdasarkan Faktor Mutu Pelayanan di Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT ,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 225, "width": 206, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online , 2(1) : 29–33. Jolliffe I.T. 2002. Principal Component Analysis, Second Edition”, Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science. Springer-Verlag, New York.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 301, "width": 206, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kusuma, A., Srinadi, I.G.A.M. & Sari, K. 2016. Aplikasi Analisis Korespondensi untuk Melihat Karakteristik Usaha Pariwisata di Provinsi Bali , E-Jurnal Matematika , 5(1): 76–81.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 364, "width": 208, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mamangkey, A., Prang. J.D. & Hatidja D. 2013. Pola Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga di Kabupaten Sangihe, Talaud dan Sitaro Menggunakan Analisis Biplot , Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online , 2(1): 34–39.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 73, "width": 209, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mattjik, A.A., Sumertajaya, M., Wijayanto, H., Indahwati, A.K. & Sartono, B. 2004. Modul Teori Pelatihan Analisis Multivariat., Departemen Statistika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 124, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FMIPA IPB Bogor.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 137, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purwanto, C., Hatidja, D. & Paendong, M.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 149, "width": 177, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2015. Pemetaan SMA/SMK di Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara Berdasarkan Empat Indikator Standar Nasional Pendidikan Dengan Menggunakan Analisis Biplot. Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 359, "top": 213, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "De Cartesian , 4(1): 34–41.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 225, "width": 206, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Srinadi, I.G.A.M. & Sumarjaya, I.W. 2016. Analisis Biplot untuk Pemetaan Posisi dan Karakteristik Usaha Pariwisata di Provinsi Bali. Jurnal Matematika , 6:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 276, "width": 206, "height": 111, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34–45. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan. Yan, W. 2001. GGEbiplot - A windows application for graphical analysis of multienvironment trial data and other types of two-way data. Agronomy Journal , 93: 1111–1118.", "type": "Table" } ]
d07b2751-d57f-4df0-3b91-3c54290f773c	http://jab.stikba.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/download/23/25	[ { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 125, "top": 116, "width": 377, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK OLEH PERAWAT PADA PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 249, "top": 194, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani 1 , Armina 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 209, "width": 224, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi S1 Keperawatan STIKBA Jambi 1,2) E Mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 260, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 285, "width": 400, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Background : From the preliminary study it was found that many nurses did not carry out therapeutic communication properly in accordance with the procedure. The purpose of this study is to obtain a description of the application of therapeutic communication and the knowledge of the application of therapeutic communication by the nurse and to know the factors related to the application of therapeutic communication by the nurses in the patient in the inpatient ward of Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi in 2016. Method : This research was conducted at General Hospital of Raden Mattaher Jambi about Factors Associated With Application Of Therapeutic Communication By Nurse In Patient In The Inpatient Room of Raden Mattaher General Hospital Jambi from 27 February to 4 March 2016 with respondents 72 people The study design was cross sectional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 425, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Result : From the research, the high therapeutic communication is not good. From the result of statistical test by using chi-square analysis with P <0,05, there is a correlation between the application of therapeutic communication with education, work period, education, attitude and gender. Efforts can be made to improve the application of good therapeutic communication can be done by improving higher education, increasing nurse knowledge about therapeutic communication, improvement of work period, nurse can do good attitude in applying therapeutic communication and nurse woman can apply therapeutic communication with Both in the patient.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 526, "width": 352, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : education, employment, knowledge, attitude, gender, application of therapeutic communication", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 576, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 600, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undang kesehatan nomor 36 tahun 2009, menyatakan bahwa untuk mewujudkan derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya bagi masyarakat, diselenggarakan upaya kesehatan yang terpadu dan menyeluruh dalam bentuk upaya kesehatan perorangan dan upaya kesehatan masyarakat. Pelayanan kesehatan perorangan ditujukan untuk menyembuhkan penyakit dan memulihkan kesehatan perseorangan dan keluarga. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pelayanan kesehatan yang dilaksanakan secara bertanggung jawab, aman, bermutu serta merata (UU RI No.36,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 652, "width": 183, "height": 99, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2009). Pelayanan keperawatan merupakan bagian dari sisitem pelayanan kesehatan. Dalam pelayanan keperawatan, perawat menerapkan komunikasi yang terapeutik kepada pasien. Hubungan perawat dan pasien adalah hal penting dalam pelayanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keperawatan. Dengan demikian diharapkan perawat mampu mempertanggungjawabkan hubungan terapeutik dengan pasien. Dimana perawat adalah orang yang paling dekat dan seharusnya memahami masalah pasien secara komprehensif sehingga pelayanan kesehatan akan dilakukan secara menyeluruh. Perawat yang memiliki keterampilan berkomunikasi secara terapeutik tidak saja akan mudah menjalin hubungan rasa percaya dengan klien, mencegah terjadinya masalah legal, memberikan kepuasan professional dalam pelayanan keperawatan dan meningkatkan citra rumah sakit, tetapi yang paling penting telah mengamalkan ilmunya untuk sesama manusia ( Wulan dan Hastuti,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 356, "width": 184, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2011). Komunikasi terapeutik merupakan alat yang ampuh dan keterampilan keperawatan yang penting yang dapat mempengaruhi hal lain serta mencapai hasil kesehatan positif (Potter dan Perry, 2009). Semua tingkah laku merupakan komunikasi (verbal dan nonverbal) dan semua komunikasi mempengaruhi tingkah laku sehingga komunikasi pada dasarnya dapat merupakan suatu alat untuk memfasilitasi hubungan terapeutik (Nurianah, 2005).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 533, "width": 184, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komunikasi pada hakikatnya adalah suatu proses sosial. Sebagai proses sosial, dalam komunikasi selain terjadi hubungan antar manusia juga terjadi interaksi saling mempengaruhi . Dengan kata lain komunikasi adalah inti dari semua hubungan sosial. Apabila dua orang atau lebih telah mengadakan hubungan sosial, maka sistem komunikasi yang mereka lakukan akan menentukan apakah sistem tersebut dapat mempererat atau meregangkan hubungan, menurunkan atau menambah ketegangan serta menambah kepercayaan atau menguranginya (Suryani, 2006).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan perawat - pasien yang terapeutik adalah pengalaman belajar bersama dan pengalaman perbaikan emosi bagi pasien. Dalam hal ini, perawat memakai dirinya secara terapeutik dan memakai berbagai teknik komunikasi agar perilaku pasien berubah kearah positif seoptimal mungkin. Agar perawat dapat berperan efektif dan terapeutik, ia harus menganalisa dirinya seperti kesadaran diri, klasifikasi nilai, perasaan, kemampuan sebagai role model . Seluruh perilaku pesan yang disampaikan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 293, "width": 183, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perawat (verbal atau non verbal) hendaknya bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasien (Keliat, 2003).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 331, "width": 183, "height": 288, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Abraham dan Shanley (1997),menemukan bahwa percakapan perawat - pasien cenderung pendek dan cenderung pada penampilan tugas perawat dari pada eksplorasi keyakinan dan kecemasan pasien, misalnya perawat bicara lebih dari dua kali bicara pasien dan kurang memfokuskan kondisi pasien dan menjawab pertanyaan pasien yang berkaitan dengan prognosis dan tindakan. Clark juga menemukan perawat sering menggunakan pertanyaan yang hanya membutuhkan jawaban “ya” dan “tidak” atau memberikan pertanyaan yang menyarankan suatu respon tertentu. Komunikasi seperti itu membatasi kesempatan pasien untuk memperluas percakapan atau menyatakan permasalahan pasien sendiri. Menurut Penelitian Lasmaria (2006), tentang hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penerapan Komunikasi terapeutik di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 622, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumah Sakit Umum Raden Mattaher Jambi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan signiikasi (P < 0,05) dan ada hubungan antara sikap dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan signifikasi (P < 0,05). Kalau komunikasi terapeutik tidak digunakan sebagaimana mestinya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maka perawatan pada pasien belum tercapai secara maksimal. Apalagi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi merupakan Rumah Sakit terbesar dan pusat rujukan di Provinsi Jambi, oleh karena itu diperlukan pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu, dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan pasien, perawat dapat memenuhi pelayanan yang baik dengan menerapkan hubungan terapeutik antar perawat - pasien.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 183, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi mempunyai 16 ruang rawat inap dan jumlah seluruh perawatnya 297 orang. Dalam setiap ruangan terdiri dari beberapa orang perawat, diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 162, "height": 240, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Ruang Jumlah Perawat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 THT Teratai Jamsostek NH Bedah Pinang Masak Mayang Mangurai Jantung PRT Anak Kebidanan Saraf Paru Interne Gapkindo Icu 12 11 13 13 28 15 18 16 22 20 33 13 13 32 15 23 Total 297 Sumber : Data Primer 2015", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 611, "width": 184, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari observasi yang peneliti lakukan selama praktek di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Raden Mattaher Jambi, peneliti melihat perawat hanya menjelaskan sedikit tentang prosedur atau intervensi keperawatan sehingga pasien tidak tahu tentang masalah kesehatannya, bila hal ini dibiarkan akan membuat pasien merasa khawatir terhadap prosedur tindakan yang akan dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada wawancara yang dilakukan peneliti pada bulan November 2016 dengan 10 pasien di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Raden Mattaher Jambi, peneliti menemukan 10 orang pasien mengatakan bahwa sebagian perawat dalam melakukan interaksi komunikasi dengan pasien kurang baik. Perawat hanya sekedar saja dalam berkomunikasi dengan pasien.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 242, "width": 179, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan fenomena di atas, penulis merasa tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang “faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik pada pasien di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 318, "width": 179, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2013”. Pertimbangan memilih komunikasi terapeutik adalah karena komunikasi terapeutik sangat penting dalam asuhan keperawatan dan dapat membantu pasien dalam mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Peneliti juga ingin mengetahui bagaimana penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Rumah Sakit dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 483, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 508, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 533, "width": 183, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Raden Mattaher Jambi karena merupakan Rumah Sakit terbesar dan pusat rujukan di Provinsi Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 571, "width": 183, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik oleh perawat pada pasien di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016. Yang menjadi populasi adalah seluruh perawat di 16 ruang rawat inap yang berjumlah 297, dengan menggunakan tehnik sampel proportional random sampling , jumlah sampel 72 orang Bentuk penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cross sectional . Peneliti mendapatkan data dengan cara wawancara dan membagikan kuesioner ke semua sampel penelitian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 27 Februari-4 Maret tahun 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 204, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 229, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisa Univariat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 184, "height": 291, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis univariat digunakan untuk melihat hubungan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase masing-masing variabel penelitian. 1. Gambaran Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Tabel 1 Distribusi Responden Menurut Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jml Persentase 1. Kurang Baik 42 58.3 % 2. Baik 30 41.7 % Jumlah 72 100 % Dari tabel 1 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 42 responden (58,3 %)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 534, "width": 184, "height": 213, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penerapan komunikasi terapeutik kurang baik. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa perawat kurang menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedur yang seharusnya dilakukan. Dari ke empat tahap penerapan komunikasi terapeutik, ternyata perawat dalam penerapan komunikasi terapeutik ada yang tidak melaksanakan tahap terminasi. Yang seharusnya pada tahap penerapan komunikasi terapeutik perawat menyimpulkan hasil wawancara, memberikan reinforcement positif, merencanakan tindak lanjut pasien, melaksanakan kontrak waktu lebih lanjut dan mengakhiri wawancara dengan cara yang baik. Hal ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 326, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikarenakan perawat kurang banyak waktu dalam melakukan komunikasi terapeutik denngan pasien, karena perawat banyak menghabiskan waktu untuk melaksanakan yang bukan tugas perawat, salah satu nya adalah mengambil sampel darah dan tindakan yang lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan pendapat Wulan dan Hastuti (2001) yang menerangkan bahwa hubungan perawat dan pasien adalah hal penting dalam pelayanan keperawatan. Dengan demikian diharapkan perawat mampu mempertanggungjawabkan hubungan terapeutik dengan pasien. Perawat yang memiliki keterampilan berkomunikasi secara terapeutik tidak saja akan mudah menjalin hubungan rasa percaya dengan klien, mencegah terjadinya masalah legal, memberikan kepuasan professional dalam pelayanan keperawatan dan meningkatkan citra rumah sakit, tetapi yang paling penting telah mengamalkan ilmunya untuk sesama manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 458, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Gambaran Pendidikan Perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 470, "width": 183, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Distribusi Responden Menurut Pendidikan Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pendidikan Perawat Jml Persentase 1. D3Keperawatan 66 91.7 % 2. S1 Keperawatan 6 8.3 % Jumlah 72 100 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 677, "width": 183, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel 2 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 66 responden (91,7 %) pendidikan perawat D3 dan 6 responden (8,3 %) perawat berpendidikan S1 Keperawatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian di atas menggambarkan bahwa banyaknya perawat yang berpendidikan D3 Keperawatan dibandingkan dengan S1 Keperawatan. Untuk itu diharapkan agar perawat dapat melanjutkan pendidikan yang lebih tinggi lagi guna mendapatkan pengetahuan yang lebih tinggi atau lanjut.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 240, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Gambaran Masa Kerja Perawat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 183, "height": 214, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 Distribusi Responden Menurut Masa Kerja Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Masa Kerja Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Baru 29 40.3 % 2. Lama 43 59.7 % Jumlah 72 100 % Dari tabel 3 bahwa sebanyak 29 responden (40,3 %) masa kerja perawat baru dan 43 responden (59,7 %) masa kerja perawat lama.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 184, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian di atas menggambarkan bahwa masa kerja perawat lama lebih banyak dari pada kerja perwat baru. Hal ini dikarenakan masih banyaknya perawat-perawat yang sudah lama bekerja di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 569, "width": 184, "height": 163, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Gambaran Pengetahuan Perawat Tabel 4 Distribusi Responden Menurut Pengetahuan Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pengetahuan Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Rendah 40 55.6 % 2. Tinggi 32 44.4 % Jumlah 72 100 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel 4 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 40 responden (55,6 %) pengetahuan perawat rendah dan 32 responden (44,4 %) perawat memiliki pengetahuan tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 189, "width": 186, "height": 301, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian diatas didapatkan pengetahuan perawat yang rendah tinggi. Hal ini jika dilihat dari 15 pertanyaan tentang pengetahuan komunikasi terapeutik ternyata perawat banyak yang tidak mengetahui tentang tahap-tahap dalam pelaksanaan komunikasi terapeutik dan tehnik komunikasi terapeutik. Yang seharusnya perawat mengetahui bagaimana cara pelaksanaan komunikasi terapeutik dan tehnik komunikasi terapeutik. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan perawat tentang komunikasi terapeutik. Untuk itu agar perawat dapat melaksanakan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedurnya, perawat dapat menambah pengetahuan tentang komunikasi terapeutik dengan cara lebih sering membaca buku ataupun mencari informasi melalui internet serta perawat dapat mengikuti pelatihan- pelatihan ataupun seminar untuk menambah pengetahuan perawat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 503, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Gambaran Sikap Perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 516, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5 Distribusi Responden Menurut Sikap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 541, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 554, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 566, "width": 183, "height": 190, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Sikap Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Kurang Baik 36 50,0 % 2. Baik 36 50,0 % Jumlah 72 100 % Dari tabel 5 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 36 responden (50,0 %) perawat menunjukkan sikap negatif dan 36 responden (50,0 %) perawat memiliki sikap positif. Dari ke empat sikap perawat dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik kurang baik ternyata perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kurang menampilkan sikap empati. Yang seharusnya perawat dapat mendengarkan apa yang disampaikan oleh pasien, menyampaikan respon empati seperti keakuratan, kejelasan pada penyakit pasien. Hal ini dikarenakan perawat hanya sekedarnya melakukan komunikasi terapeutik, karena perawat banyak menghabiskan waktu untuk melakukan tugas yang bukan seharusnya dilakukan oleh perawat. Untuk itu seharusnya ada kebijakan dari Rumah Sakit tentang penetapan tugas yang seharusnya dilakukan sesuai dengan profesinya masing-masing.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 331, "width": 170, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Gambaran Jenis Kelamin Perawat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 263, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6 Distribusi Responden Menurut Jenis Kelamin Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Jenis Kelamin Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Perempuan 51 70.8 % 2. Laki-laki 21 29.2 % Dari tabel 6 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 51 responden (70,8 %) perawat jenis kelamin perempuan dan 21 responden (29,2 %) perawat jenis kelamin laki-laki.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 282, "width": 183, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian di atas menggambarkan bahwa banyaknya perawat perempuan dibandingkan dengan perawat laki-laki. Hal ini karena kurang minatnya jenis kelamin laki-laki yang masuk ke pendidikan perawat, karena laki-laki kurang mau merawat seseorang.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 396, "width": 112, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANALISIS BIVARIAT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 294, "top": 422, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 434, "width": 388, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Pendidikan Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 447, "width": 401, "height": 291, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pendidikan Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95 % CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. D3 Keperawatan 42 63,6 24 36,4 66 100 0,364 (0,264 - 0,500) 0,009 Hasil analisis pada tabel 7 menunjukkan bahwa dari 66 responden berpendidikan D3 keperawatan sebanyak 42 perawat (63,6 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dan 24 perawat (36,4 %) penerapan komuniikasi terapeutiknya baik, selanjutnya dari 6 responden yang S1 keperawatan seluruhnya dapat menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 626, "width": 179, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 677, "width": 179, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa perawat yang pendidikan tinggi dapat menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik dengan baik dibandingkan dengan perawat yang pendidikan rendah. Hal ini di", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 116, "width": 395, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "karenakan perawat yang pendidikan tinggi dapat melaksanakan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedur yang sebenarnya dan juga perawat yang pendidikan tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 129, "width": 179, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi pula tentang komunikasi terapeutik .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 170, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Masa Kerja Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 195, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 148, "top": 218, "width": 332, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Masa Kerja Perawat dengan Penerapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 230, "width": 287, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komunikasi Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 175, "top": 243, "width": 241, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 269, "width": 406, "height": 241, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Masa Kerja Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95 % CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Baru 23 79,4 6 20,6 29 100 4,842 (1,642- 14,279) 0,007 2. Lama 19 44,2 24 55,8 43 100 Total 42 58,3 30 41,7 72 100 Hasil analisis pada tabel 8 menunjukkan bahwa dari 26 responden yang masa kerja perawat baru sebanyak 23 perawat (79,4 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dan 6 perawat (20,6 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya baik, selanjutnya dari 43 responden yang masa kerja perawat lama sebanyak 19 perawat (44,2 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dan 24 perawat (55,8 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 437, "width": 211, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,007 (P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara masa kerja dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 525, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 551, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 573, "width": 395, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 586, "width": 400, "height": 165, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pengetahuan Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95% CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Rendah 28 70 12 30 40 100 3,000 (1,135- 7,931) 0,045 2. Tinggi 14 43,7 18 56,3 32 100 Total 42 58,3 30 41,7 72 100 Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,045 (P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 187, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian diketahui pengetahuan perawat rendah dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik juga rendah dan pengetahuan perawat tinggi dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik tinggi. Hal ini dikarenakan pengetahuan perawat tinggi dapat mengetahui tentang konsep komunikasi terapeutik dan melaksanakan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedurnya, sedangkan pengetahuan perawat yang rendah ada yang tidak mengetahui tentang konsep komunikasi terapeutik tidak sesuai dengan prosedurnya. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi, maka cara yang baik dilakukan adalah dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 167, "width": 183, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan penyuluhan. Penyuluhan tersebut ditujukan untuk bimbingan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat, hal ini dapat dilakukan berupa pelatihan- pelatihan, seminar, diskusi kelompok dan penyebaran leaflet. Dalam melakukan hal tersebut hendaknya dilakukan oleh perawat yang lebih memahami tentang komunikasi terapeutik agar dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan yang lebih baik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 331, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Sikap Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 357, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 10", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 151, "top": 379, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Sikap Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 392, "width": 417, "height": 288, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Sikap Perawat Penerapan Komuniikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95% CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Kurang Baik 26 70,3 11 29,7 37 100 2,503 (0,951- 6,586) 0,019 2. Baik 14 40 21 60 35 100 Total 40 55,6 32 44,4 72 100 Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,019 (P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 607, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitan ini diketahui sebagian besar responden mempunyai sikap kurang baik perawat dalam penerapan komunikasi terapeuti. Hal ini dikarenakan perawat dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik dapat menunjukkan sikap perawat baik yang sesuai dengan prosedurnya. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan pengetahuan responden dimana pengetahuan rendah lebih banyak dari pada yang berpengetahuan tinggi, sesuai dengan teori bahwa salah satu faktor yang menentukan pengetahuan. Pengetahuan yang baik akan menghasilkan sikap yang baik pula, demikian sebaliknya (Notoadmodjo,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 746, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2007). Dalam hal ini merubah sikap", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "responden dari sikap yanng kurang baik supaya menjadi sikap yang baik haruslah dimulai dari peningkatan responden dibidang komunikasi terapeutik. Untuk itu peningkatan pengetahuan dilakukan dengan pendekatan pada perawat pelaksana, pendekatan ini dimulai dari satu perawat pelaksana kemudian kepada perawat pelaksana yang lain demikian seterusnya, sehingga perubahan yang diharapkan dapat dimulai dari satu perawat pelaksana yang sudah bersikap baik untuk mengajak perawat yang lainnya bersikap dan berperilaku yang baik dalam berkomunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 230, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 255, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 278, "width": 417, "height": 275, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Jenis Kelamin Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95% CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Laki-Laki 7 33 14 67 21 100 0,229 (0,077- 0,675) 0,012 Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,012 ( P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik. Hasil penelitan ini diketahui jenis kelamin perawat perempuan dalam komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dibandingkan dengan perawat laki-laki.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 556, "width": 184, "height": 200, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini dikarenakan perawat perempuan komunikator kurang baik, kurang tersenyum dan kurang menjaga sikap sehingga membuat image perawat perempuan kurang baik dihadapan pasien. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan menurut Potter dan Perry (2009) yang menyatakan bahwa jenis kelamin merupakan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi cara berpikir, bertindak, merasakan dan berkomunikasi. Kaum pria cenderung lebih sedikit menggunakan komunikasi lisan tetapi lebih cenderung untuk memulai komunikasi dan merujuk langsung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 429, "width": 183, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepada masalah. Pria juga lebih cenderung untuk berbicara tentang masalah. Wanita cenderung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 467, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengemukakan informasi pribadi dan mendengar secara aktif, merespons dengan cara mendukung pihak lain tersebut untuk meneruskan percakapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 533, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 558, "width": 183, "height": 162, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada penelitian dan setelah dilakukan serangkaian analisis dan pembahasan, maka dapat dirumuskan beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1. Semakin tinggi pendidikan semakin terampil menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik, Ada hubungan antara pendidikan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 722, "width": 162, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Semakin lama masa kerja semakin terampil menerapkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 153, "top": 116, "width": 147, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "komunikasi terapeutik, Ada hubungan antara masa kerja dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 179, "width": 165, "height": 99, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Raden Mattaher Jambi. 3. Semakin tinggi pengetahuan semakin terampil menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik, ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 280, "width": 165, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Raden Mattaher Jambi. 4. Semakin baik sikap semakin terampil menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik, Ada hubungan antara sikap dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi. 5. Sebagian responden perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 407, "width": 144, "height": 111, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perempuan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik kurang baik dibandingkan dengan perawat laki-laki, Ada hubungan antara masa jenis kelamin dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 521, "width": 32, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 544, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 569, "width": 184, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bagi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi Membuat kebijakan tentang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 607, "width": 184, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pentingnya penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur. 2. Bagi Perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 116, "width": 375, "height": 627, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Sebaiknya diberikan pelatihan, sehingga perawat dapat meningkatkan pelayanan yang lebih baik lagi sehingga dapat menjalin hubungan yang terapeutik antara perawat dan pasien. b. Banyak membaca buku tentang teori komunikasi terapeutik dan juga melihat informasi-informasi terbaru dari internet. 3. Bagi Institusi Pendidikan Agar dapat menjadi masukan untuk mahasiswa yang akan praktek di Rumah Sakit tentang cara penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan benar dan juga sebagai bahan bacaan atau referensi. 4. Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 379, "top": 293, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diharapkan dapat meneliti", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 306, "width": 162, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengenai faktor-faktor lain yang belum diteliti dalam penerapan komunikasi terapeutik misalnya faktor eksternal yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 407, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 369, "top": 432, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 447, "width": 183, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abraham dan Shanley. (1997). Psikologi Sosial Untuk Perawat. EGC. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 476, "width": 183, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ali, Zaidin. (2001). Dasar- Dasar Keperawatan Profesional . Widya Medika, Jakarta. Arikunto, Suharsimi, DR, Prof. (2006). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. Arwani. (2003). Komunikasi Dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 592, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keperawatan. EGC, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 607, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Damaiyanti, Mukhripah, S.Kep, Ns.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 621, "width": 147, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2008). Komunikasi Terapeutik Dalam Praktik Keperawatan. Refika Aditama.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 366, "top": 665, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Samarinda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 692, "width": 183, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dody Firmanda. (2009). http://UU-RI- No-36-Tahun-2009-Kesehatan- 13-Oktober-2009.htm. Diakses 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 735, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Januari 2013", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 257, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidayat, A. Azis.(2003). Riset Keperawatan Dan Tehnik Penulisan Ilmiah. Salemba Medika. Jakarta. ----------.(2013 ).http://kamus bahasa Indonesia. Diakses 10 Januari 2013. Keliat, Budi Ana. (2003). Hubungan Terapeutik Perawat dan Pasien. EGC. Jakarta. Notoadmodjo, Soekodjo. (2007). Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku. PT. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. Notoadmodjo, Soekodjo. (2010). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. PT. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 378, "width": 184, "height": 97, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurhasanah, Nunung Ns .(2010). Ilmu Komunikasi Dalam Konteks Keperawatan. CV. Ttrans Info Medika. Jakarta. Nurianah, Intan Sari. (2005). Komunikasi Keperawatan. Moco Medika. Yogyakarta.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 480, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nursalam. (2002). 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246392ed-32aa-d271-c319-6952bace6fec	https://jurnal.stituwjombang.ac.id/index.php/al-idaroh/article/download/373/236	[ { "left": 144, "top": 776, "width": 340, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh: Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Volume 6 Nomor 1 Maret 2022; p-ISSN: 2549-8339; e-ISSN: 2579-3683", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 167, "top": 140, "width": 298, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONTROLLING DALAM PERSPEKTIF", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 202, "top": 167, "width": 220, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL QUR’AN DAN AL HADITS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 210, "width": 222, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas Email: [email protected] Guru MTs Diponegoro Plandaan Jombang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 282, "width": 339, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: Monitoring the process or ar-riqobah in every form of leadership is something that must exist and must be implemented. The accentuation of this activity is to research and check whether the implementation of planning tasks is really being carried out or not. This is also to find out whether there are deviations, abuses, and deficiencies in its implementation. If there is, then it needs to be revised. The function of supervision or control is one of the activities to make improvements, not activities to find faults. To be able to carry out supervision properly, the planning concept must exist and be clear. Without planning it is difficult to detect deviations and without knowledge of deviations, the control function will be very blurry. This paper aims to examine the concept of control, the term Controlling in the Qur'an and hadith, the function and purpose of Controlling, controlling requirements, steps in the process of supervision, implementation of controlling in Islamic educational institutions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 456, "width": 192, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Controlling, Al Qur'an, Hadith,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "31│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 127, "width": 398, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Orientasi pembangunan di bidang pendidikan merupakan upaya untuk mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Kualitas kehidupan manusia Indonesia dalam rangka menciptakan manusia yang berpotensi dan berakhlak mulia perlu ditingkatkan. Pendidikan mempunyai peran yang sangat urgen untuk menjamin perkembangan dan kelangsungan kehidupan suatu bangsa dan menjadi cermin kepribadian masyarakat, apalagi pembangunan atau pambaharuan pendidikan Agama Islam yang mana tujuannya sudah jelas yaitu untuk pembentukan akhlak dan pemberian pedoman hidup yang baik pada seluruh siswa. Melalui lembaga pendidikanlah pembaharuan dalam bidang pendidikan Islam ini dapat diwujudkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 309, "width": 399, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lembaga pendidikan dalam hal ini sekolah atau madrasah sebagai organisasi sudah tentu memiliki sistem manajemen tersendiri yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah beserta stafnya. Sebagai salah satu fungsi manajemen adalah controlling yang merupakan unsur penting dalam sebuah organisasi, controlling berupaya agar rencana yang sudah ditetapkan dapat tercapai sebagaimana mestinya. Pengawasan sebagai upaya agar setiap kegiatan berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan yang lebih penting tidak terjadi penyimpangan terhadap perencanaan yang telah ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 451, "width": 400, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problematika yang muncul, dalam banyak kasus pada beberapa lembaga pendidikan seringkali berhadapan dengan masalah dalam pencapaian tujuan dimana implementasi dari setiap rencana tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Pekerjaan yang melewati batas waktu, pekerja yang melakukan mogok kerja, sehingga pekerjaan terbengkalai, dan masih banyak lagi yang lainnya. Semua ini adalah diantara kasus- kasus yang menyebabkan rencana perusahaan tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Kasus-kasus yang banyak terjadi dalam organisasi itu adalah akibat masih lemahnya pengendalian sehingga terjadi berbagai penyimpangan antara yang direncanakan dengan yang dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 654, "width": 68, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 673, "width": 193, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Konsep Controlling / Pengawasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 694, "width": 386, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling atau pengawasan merupakan salah satu aspek esensial dalam dinamika sebuah organisasi, baik organisasi dalam bentuk perusahaan, pendidikan maupun yang lainnya. Selain sebagai bagian integral dari proses atau tahapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kinerja organsasi yang dimulai dari planning , organizing , actuating sampai controlling , dalam beberapa studi manajemen juga menunjukkan bahwa upaya pengawasan yang tereduksi dalam sebuah sistem kerja organisasi berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja organisasi secara keseluruhan. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 195, "width": 386, "height": 236, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara definitif, controlling dalam bahasa Indonesia dapat ditafsirkan sebagai pengawasan atau pengendalian, sehingga dalam bahasa Inggris pengertian pengawasan dan pengendalian tetap dipergunakan dengan istilah controlling . 2 Istilah controlling dengan makna pengendalian atau pengawasan dalam konteks ilmu manajemen telah mengalami perkembangan definisi dari masa ke masa. Adapun yang cukup populer adalah pendapat Usury dan Hammer yang dikutip Buchari Alma menyatakan bahwa: “Controlling is management’s systematic efforts to achieve objectives by comparing performances to plan and taking appropriate action to correct important differences” 3 (pengendalian adalah sebuah usaha sistematik dari manajemen untuk mencapai tujuan dengan membandingkan kinerja dengan rencana awal dan kemudian melakukan langkah perbaikan terhadap perbedaan-perbedaan penting dari keduanya).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 438, "width": 385, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan beberapa pendapat diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengawasan (controlling) merupakan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dengan maksud agar tujuan yang diharapkan tercapai sesuai dengan perencanaan yang ditetapkan. Tujuan dari pengawasan atau controlling pada dasarnya adalah untuk menyesuaikan gerak organisasi yang sedang berlangsung dengan tujuan dan rencana awal ( planning) dari organisasi itu sendiri. Dalam aspek ini, controlling memusatkan pada sisi efisiensi,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 557, "width": 386, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sedangkan perencanaan atau planning lebih memusatkan pada sisi efektivitas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 578, "width": 386, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Walaupun di dalam proses pengendalian juga terdapat unsur efektivitas, namun secara fungsi bahwa upaya pengendalian lebih berpusat pada unsur efisiensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 618, "width": 385, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian, controlling atau yang di dalam istilah Indonesia bermakna pengendalian, pengawasan atau kontrol, secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses penyesuaian pergerakan antara organisasi dengan tujuannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 382, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Anthony dan Vijay Govindarajan, Management Control System (Mc Clelland Grawhill: Ninth Eition, 1998), 28", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Hoetomo, Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Indonesia (Surabaya: Mitra Pelajar, 2005), 219.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 328, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Buchari Alma, Majemen Pemasaran dan Pemasaran Jasa (Bandung: Alfabeta, 1992), 56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling , baik dalam pengertian pengawasan atau pengendalian oleh sebagian besar masyarakat sering ditafsirkan sebagai upaya seorang manajer atau lembaga pengawasan sebagai kegiatan untuk mencari kesalahan. Padahal jika dipahami secara seksama, fungsi pengawasan atau pengendalian sesungguhnya adalah sebagai salah satu kekuatan untuk mengadakan perbaikan bila hasil atau jasa yang sudah distandarisasi itu tidak sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 235, "width": 386, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Standarisiasi merupakan salah satu tindakan awal dari proses perencanaan dan standar itu harus terandalkan dan dapat dipercayai sebagai dasar untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan melalui kegiatan pengawasan. Standarisasi dari proses perencanaan ditujukan untuk pencapaian sasaran atau efektifitas organisasi, sedangkan pengawasan lebih difokuskan pada proses pelaksanaan dan hasil dari produktifitas, baik yang berupa barang ataupun jasa. Upaya pengawasan harus dimaksimalkan agar hasil usaha dari suatu organisasi itu lebih efisien. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 377, "width": 386, "height": 216, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun penjelasan konsep controlling yang berangkat dari teori- teori umum di atas, merupakan konsep pengawasan yang secara praktis dilaksanakan dalam dunia manajemen-organisasi dewasa ini. Apabila dikaitkan dengan kajian keislaman, maka konsep pengawasan ( controlling ) yang diaktualisasikan dalam aktivitas organisasi kiranya perlu digali dari sumber utama, yakni al- Qur’ an sebagai representasi pesan-pesan Tuhan yang ditujukan untuk menjadi pedoman ( al-Huda ) bagi umat manusia, serta al-Hadits yang bersumber dari Rasul-Nya. Hal ini perlu dilakukan agar prinsip-prinsip umum dan pesan-pesan penting yang terdapat dalam al- Qur’ an dan al-Hadits dapat menjadi landasan nilai atau bahkan konsep yang aplikatif bagi setiap aktivitas dalam kehidupan manusia, terutama pada aspek keorganisasian atau manajemen pendidikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 616, "width": 254, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Term Controlling Dalam Al- Qur’an dan Hadits", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 637, "width": 386, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling atau pengawasan di dalam bahasa Arab memiliki makna yang sama dengan kata ar-Riqobah. Didalam al- Qur’an, kata ini disebut kan pada beberapa ayat yang secara umum menunjukkan tentang adanya fungsi pengawasan, terutama peengawasan dari Allah Swt. Ayat-ayat tersebut diantaranya adalah:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 327, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 M. Dale, Developing Management Skill (terjemahan) (Jakarta: Gramedia, 2003), 80-81.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 107, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. QS. An-Nisa [4]: 1", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 301, "top": 125, "width": 209, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ ي َٰٓ فَّنَٰٓنِ مَٰٓمُك ق ل خَٰٓيِ َّ لَّٱَُٰٓمُكَّب رَْٰٓاوُقَّتٱَٰٓ ُساَّلنٱَٰٓا هُّي أ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 146, "top": 135, "width": 155, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ َّث ب وَٰٓا ه ج و زَٰٓا ه نِمَٰٓ ق ل خ وَٰٖٓة دِحَٰ وَٰٓ ٖس", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 150, "width": 365, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓٗۚ ما ح ر لۡٱ وَٰٓۦِهِبَٰٓ نو ُل ءٓا س تَٰٓيِ َّلَّٱَٰٓ َّللَّٱَْٰٓاوُقَّتٱ وَٰٓٗۚاءٓا سِن وَٰٓاايرِث كَٰٓ الٗا جِرَٰٓا مُه نِم ََٰٰٓٓ ََٰٰٓٓ مُك ي ل عَٰٓ ن كََٰٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓنِإ َٰٓاابيِق ر ََٰٰٓٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 149, "top": 207, "width": 365, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Hai sekalian manusia, bertakwalah kepada Tuhan -mu yang telah menciptakan kamu dari seorang diri, dan dari padanya Allah menciptakan isterinya; dan dari pada keduanya Allah memperkembang biakkan laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak. Dan bertakwalah kepada Allah yang dengan (mempergunakan) nama-Nya kamu saling meminta satu sama lain dan (peliharalah) hubungan silaturrahim. Sesungguhnya Allah selalu menjaga dan mengawasi kamu.” 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 301, "width": 125, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. QS. Al-Maidah [5]: 117", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 305, "width": 373, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َُٰٓقَٰٓا م َٰٓ مِه ي ل عَٰٓ ُتنُك وَٰٓٗۚ مُكَّب ر وَٰٓ ِ بّ رَٰٓ َّللَّٱَْٰٓاوُدُب عٱَِٰٓن أَٰٓٓۦِهِبَٰٓ ِنِ ت ر م أَٰٓٓا مَٰٓ َّلِٗإَٰٓ مُه لَٰٓ ُت ل َِٰٓ ُكََٰٰٓ عَلَٰٓ تن أ وَٰٓٗۚ مِه ي ل عَٰٓ بيِقَّرلٱَٰٓ تن أَٰٓ تنُكَٰٓ ِنِ ت يَّف و تَٰٓاَّم ل فَٰٓۡۖ مِهيِفَٰٓ ُت مُدَٰٓاَّمَٰٓااديِه ش", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 344, "width": 372, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ََٰٰٓٓ ٌَََٰٰٰٓٓٓديِه شَٰٖٓء شَ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 136, "top": 398, "width": 376, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Aku tidak per nah mengatakan kepada mereka kecuali apa yang Engkau perintahkan kepadaku ( mengatakan)nya yaitu: “Sembahlah Allah, Tuhanku dan Tuhanmu”, dan adalah aku menjadi saksi terhadap mereka, selama aku berada di antara mereka. Maka setelah Engkau wafatkan aku, Engkau-lah yang mengawasi mereka. Dan Engkau adalah Maha Menyaksikan atas sega la sesuatu.” 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 474, "width": 360, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. QS. Asy-Syura [42]: 6 َََٰٰٰٖٓٓٓليِك وِبَٰٓمِه ي ل عَٰٓ تن أَٰٓٓا م وَٰٓ مِه ي ل عَٰٓ ٌظيِف حَُٰٓ َّللَّٱَٰٓ ءٓا ِلِ و أَٰٓٓۦِهِنوُدَٰٓنِمَْٰٓاوُذ َّتَّٱَٰٓ نيِ َّلَّٱ و", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 489, "width": 3, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 516, "width": 370, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Dan orang-orang yang mengambil pelindung-pelindung selain Allah, Allah mengawasi (perbuatan) mereka; dan kamu (ya Muhammad) bukanlah orang yang diserahi mengawasi mereka 7", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 562, "width": 368, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hadis shohih juga disebutkan disebutkan : ََكا َرَي َ هَّنِإَف َ ها َرَت َ ن كَت َ مَل َ نِإَف َ ها َرَت ََكَّنَأَك ََالل ََد ب عَت َ نَأ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 603, "width": 372, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beribadahlah kepada Alloh seakan akan engkau melihatnya, jika engkau tak melihatnya maka sesungguhnya Alloh melihatmu. Ini merupakan petunjuk dan perintah tentang muroqobah pada al-Roqiib. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 685, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah , (PT. Cordoba Internasional Indonesia, 2017), 77.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 697, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 142.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 710, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 483.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 397, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Muhammad Bin Isma’il Bin Ibrohim Bin al -Mughiroh Al-Bukhori, Shohih al-Bukhori . Bairu: Dar Ibnu Katsir al-Yamamah, No. 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 385, "height": 297, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berkenaan dengan makna dari controlling , dalam beberapa literatur kajian Islam, sebenarnya telah dirumuskan beberapa konsep yang salah satunya dapat dirujuk dari pendapat Ahmad Bin Daud yang menyatakan “ Controlling adalah tugas administratif secara personal atau kolektif yang fokusnya adalah pemantauan aktifitas organisasi dan memeriksa kegiatan tersebut dari dalam sistem secara tematis (bagian per-bagian) dengan tujuan membetulkan yang salah atau mengubah sesuatu agar kembali kepada yang lazim (semestinya) dan yang demikian itu untuk memastikan akan keselamatan program kegiatan organisasi tersebut, baik dari segi pelaksanaan, sarana maupun tujuannya dan semua itu dilaksanakan dengan landasan melaksanakan kewajiban dan menaati firman Allah swt, yang berkenaan dengan penyifatan orang yang beriman: “Dan orang -orang yang memelihara amanah- amanah (yang dipikulnya) dan janjinya” , dan sebagai bentuk rasa pertanggung jawaban serta pelaksanaan atas sabda Rosulullah saw: “ Setiap kalian adalah pemimpin dan setiap kalian akan dimintai pertanggung jawaban atas kepemimpinannya tersebut” .”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 417, "width": 385, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan ayat dan definisi di atas, maka hakikat controlling atau pengawasan dalam Islam mempunyai karakteristik antara lain: pengawasan bersifat material dan spiritual, monitoring bukan hanya manajer, tetapi juga Allah Swt, menggunakan metode yang manusiawi yang menjunjung martabat manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 498, "width": 385, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam konteks organisasi, ar-riqobah atau pengawasan merupakan kewajiban yang terus menerus harus dilaksanakan, karena pengawasan merupakan pengecekan jalannya planning dalam organisasi untuk menghindari kegagalan atau akibat yang lebih buruk. Mengenai faktor ini, al- Qur’ an memberikan konsepsi yang tegas agar hal yang bersifat merugikan tidak terjadi. Tekanan al- Qur’an lebih dahulu pada intropeksi dan evaluasi diri dari pribadi seorang pemimpin apakah sudah sejalan dengan pola dan tingkah berdasarkan planning dan program yang telah dirumuskan semula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 173, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Fungsi dan Tujuan Controlling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 134, "width": 385, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di dalam al- Qur’ an, fungsi pengawasan dapat terungkap di antaranya pada QS. as-Shof [61]: 3:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 164, "width": 188, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َِٰٓ َّللَّٱَٰٓ دنِعَٰٓاًت ق مَٰٓ ُبُ ك َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُل ع ف تَٰٓ لَٰٗٓا مَْٰٓاوُلوُق تَٰٓن أَٰٓ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 142, "top": 188, "width": 343, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Amat besar kebencian di si si Allah bahwa kamu mengatakan apa-apa yang tid ak kamu kerjakan.” 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 227, "width": 385, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ayat tersebut memberikan ancaman dan peringatan terhadap orang yang mengabaikan pengawasan terhadap perbuatannya. Selain ayat tersebut, terdapat beberapa ayat yang menjelaskan tentang pengawasan antara lain dalam QS. al- Sajdah [32]: 5 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 291, "width": 226, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٖٓم و يَٰٓ ِفَِِٰٓه لِِإَُٰٓجُر ع يََّٰٓمُثَٰٓ ِضرۡ لۡٱَٰٓ لَِإَِٰٓءٓا مَّسلٱَٰٓ نِمَٰٓ ر م لۡٱَُٰٓرِ ب دُي", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 291, "width": 117, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ ََٰٰٓٓاَّمِ مَٰٖٓة ن سَٰٓ ف ل أَٰٓٓۥُهُرا د قِمَٰٓ ن كَ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 447, "top": 329, "width": 35, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُّدُع ت", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 142, "top": 355, "width": 343, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Dia mengatur urusan dari langit ke bumi, kemudian (urusan) itu na ik kepada-Nya dalam satu hari yang kadarnya adalah seribu tahun menurut perhitunganmu.” 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 408, "width": 386, "height": 95, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandungan ayat di atas menjelaskan bahwa Allah SWT adalah pengatur alam. Keteraturan alam raya ini, merupakan bukti kebesaran Allah swt dalam mengelola alam ini. Namun, karena manusia yang diciptakan Allah SWT telah dijadikan sebagai khalifah di bumi, maka dia harus mengatur dan mengelola bumi dengan sebaik-baiknya sebagaimana Allah mengatur alam raya ini. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 509, "width": 386, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sejalan dengan kandungan ayat tersebut, manajemen merupakan sebuah proses pemanfaatan semua sumber daya melalui bantuan orang lain dan bekerjasama dengannya, agar tujuan bersama bisa dicapai secara efektif, efesien, dan produktif. Fungsi manajemen adalah merancang, mengorganisasikan, memerintah, mengoordinasi, dan mengendalikan. Selanjutnya Allah Swt memberi arahan kepada setiap orang yang beriman untuk mendesain rencana apa yang akan dilakukan dikemudian hari, sebagaimana Firman-Nya dalam QS. al-Hasyr [59]: 18 yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 708, "width": 383, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 551. 10 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h.415. 11 M. Quraish shihab, Tafsir Al-Misbah (Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al- Qur’an) (Jakarta: Lentera Hati,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 746, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2002), h. 120.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 153, "top": 105, "width": 329, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ََّٰٓد قَٰٓاَّمَٰٓ ٞس ف نَٰٓ ر ُظن لۡ وَٰٓ َّللَّٱَْٰٓاوُقَّتٱَْٰٓاوُن ما ءَٰٓ نيِ َّ لَّٱَٰٓا هُّي أ ي ََٰٰٓٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓنِإَٰٓٗۚ َّللَّٱَٰٓ ْاوُقَّتٱ وَٰٖٖٓۖد غِلَٰٓ ت م َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُل م ع تَٰٓا مِبَُُٰٓۢيرِب خ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 156, "top": 163, "width": 329, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Hai orang -orang yang beriman, bertakwalah kepada Allah dan hendaklah setiap diri memperhatikan apa yang telah diperbuatnya untuk hari esok (akhirat); dan bertakwalah kepada Allah, sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.” 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 225, "width": 386, "height": 115, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pandangan Islam segala sesuatu harus dilakukan secara terencana, dan teratur. Tidak terkecuali dengan proses kegiatan belajar-mengajar yang merupakan hal yang harus diperhatikan, karena substansi dari pembelajaran adalah membantu siswa agar mereka dapat belajar secara baik dan maksimal. Manajemen dalam hal ini berarti mengatur atau mengelola sesuatu hal agar menjadi baik. Hal ini sesuai dengan hadits, An- Nawawi (1987: 17) yang diriwayatkan dari Ya’la", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 346, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rasulullah bersabda:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 404, "width": 322, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Sesungguhnya Allah mewajibkan kepada kita untuk berlaku ihsan dalam sega la sesuatu.” (HR. Bukhari) 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 441, "width": 386, "height": 125, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hadits di atas, pengawasan dalam Islam dilakukan untuk meluruskan yang bengkok, mengoreksi yang salah dan membenarkan yang hak. Pengawasan di dalam ajaran Islam, paling tidak terbagi kepada 2 (dua) hal: pertama, pengawasan yang berasal dari diri, yang bersumber dari tauhid dan keimanan kepada Allah SWT. Orang yang yakin bahwa Allah pasti mengawasi hamba-Nya, maka orang itu akan bertindak hati-hati. Ketika sendiri, dia yakin Allah yang kedua, dan ketika berdua dia yakin Allah yang ketiga. Allah SWT berfirman (QS. al-Mujadalah [58]: 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 559, "width": 332, "height": 138, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓا مَُٰٓم ل ع يَٰٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓن أَٰٓ ر تَٰٓ م ل أ َٰٓ َّ لِٗإٍَٰٓة ثَٰ ل ثََٰٰٓى و َّ نََّٰٓنِمَُٰٓنوُك يَٰٓا مَٰٖٓۖ ِضرۡ لۡٱَٰٓ ِفَِٰٓا م وَٰٓ ِتَٰ وَٰ م َّسلٱَٰٓ ِفِ ََٰٰٓٓ مُه ع مَٰٓ وُهَٰٓ َّ لِٗإَٰٓ ثَ ك أَٰٓٓ لٗ وَٰٓ كِلَٰ ذَٰٓنِمََٰٰٓ نَ د أَٰٓٓ لٗ وَٰٓ مُهُسِدا سَٰٓ وُهَٰٓ َّ لِٗإٍَٰٓة س خََٰٓ لٗ وَٰٓ مُهُعِبا رَٰٓ وُه َٰٓ كََٰٓا مَٰٓ ن ي أ وُلِم عَٰٓا مِبَٰٓمُهُئِ ب نُيََّٰٓمُثَٰٓۡۖ ْاوُن ٌَََٰٰٰٓٓٓميِل عٍَٰٓء شََِٰٓ لُكِبَٰٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓنِإَِِٰٓۚة مَٰ يِق لٱَٰٓ م و يَْٰٓا Artinya: “Tidaklah kamu perhatikan, bahwa sesungguhnya Allah mengetahui apa yang ada di langit dan apa yang ada di bumi? Tiada pembicaraan rahasia antara tiga orang, melainkan Dia-lah yang keempatnya. Dan tiada (pembicaraan antara) lima melainkan Dia-lah yang keempatnya. Dan tiada", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 710, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 546.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 379, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Muhammad Bin Isma ’il Bin Ibrohim Bin al-Mughiroh Al-Bukhori, Shohih al-Bukhori . Bairu: Dar Ibnu Katsir al-Yamamah, No. 6010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 113, "width": 386, "height": 345, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(pembicaraan antara) lima orang, melainkan Dia-lah yang keenamnya. Dan tiada (pula) pembicaraan antara (jumlah) yang kurang dari itu atau lebih banyak, melainkan Dia ada bersama mereka di manapun mereka berada. Kemudian Dia akan memberitakan kepada mereka pada hari kiamat apa yang telah mereka kerjakan. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui segala sesu atu.” Tujuan melakukan pengawasan, pengendalian dan koreksi adalah untuk mencegah seseorang jatuh terjerumus kepada sesuatu yang salah. Tujuan lainnya adalah agar kualitas kehidupan terus meningkat. Inilah yang dimaksud dengan tausiyah, dan bukan untuk menjatuhkan. Fungsi manajerial pengawasan adalah untuk mengukur dan mengkoreksi kerja bawahan untuk memastikan bahwa tujuan organisasi dan rencana yang didesain sedang dilaksanakan. Dalam konteks ini, implementasi syariah diwujudkan melalui tiga pilar pengawasan, yaitu: 1) ketaqwaan individu, bahwa seluruh personel perusahaan dipastikan dan dibina agar menjadi manusia yang bertaqwa; 2) pengawasan anggota, dalam suasana organisasi yang mencerminkan sebuah team maka proses keberlangsungan organisasi selalu akan mendapatkan pengawasan dari personelnya sesuai dengan arah yang telah ditetapkan; 3) Penerapan/supremasi aturan, organisasi ditegakkan dengan aturan main yang jelas dan transparan dan tidak bertentangan dengan syariah. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 465, "width": 385, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas maka dapat ditegaskan bahwa pengawasan sebagai upaya pengecekan atas jalannya perencanaan ( planning ) dalam organisasi untuk menghindari kegagalan atau akibat yang lebih buruk. Mengenai faktor ini,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 525, "width": 386, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "al- Qur’an memberikan konsepsi yang tegas agar hal yang bersifat merugikan tidak terjadi. Tekanan al- Qur’an lebih dahulu pada intropeksi, evaluasi diri pribadi sebagai pimpinan apakah sudah sejalan dengan pola dan tingkah berdasarkan planning dan program yang telah dirumuskan semula. Setidak-tidaknya menunjukkan sikap yang simpatik dalam menjalankan tugas, selanjutnya mengadakan pengecekan atau memeriksa kerja anggotanya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 Asy Syaikh Muhammad Bin Shalih Al-Utsaimin, Ulasan Kitab Hadits …”, h. 2 8.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 110, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Syarat Controlling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 134, "width": 385, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diulas mengenai konsep controlling berdasarkan al- Qur’an dan hadits, berikut ini dibahas tentang syarat-syarat atas orang yang melakukan kontrol, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 174, "width": 43, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Islam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 189, "width": 371, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus seorang muslim. Hal ini didasarkan pada firman Allah swt dalam surat an-Nisa [4]: 144 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 222, "width": 290, "height": 33, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓٗۚ يِنِم ؤُم لٱَِٰٓنوُدَٰٓنِمَٰٓ ء ٓا ِلِ و أَٰٓ نيِرِفَٰ ك لٱَْٰٓاوُذِخَّت تَٰٓ لَْٰٗٓاوُن ما ءَٰٓ نيِ َّلَّٱَٰٓا هُّي أ ي … َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 267, "width": 312, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu mengambil orang- orang kafir menjadi wali dengan meninggalkan orang-orang mukmin. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 298, "width": 217, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Berakal sehat, normal atau waras. ( Maturity )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 313, "width": 371, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus berakal sehat dan tidak terganggu pikirannya oleh sebuah penyakit yang dapat mempengaruhi keputusannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 374, "width": 144, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Berpengetahuan ( Knowladge )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 388, "width": 371, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan control itu harus berpengetahuan tentang persoalan manajerial, perihal kontrol dan cara yang benar dalam melaksanakannya. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari pemahaman terhadap firman Allah swt dalam (Q.S Az-Zumar [39]: 9) sebagai berikut: 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 458, "width": 315, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "… ِ َّ لَّٱ َٰٓيِو ت س يَٰٓ ل هَٰٓ لُقَٰٓ ۗ َٰٓ ع ي َٰٓ ني ََْٰٰٓٓاوُلْو ُ أ َُٰٓرَّك ذ ت ي َٰٓا مَّنِإَٰٓ نوُم ل ع يَٰٓ لَٰٗٓ نيِ َّلَّٱ وَٰٓ نوُم ل َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ ِبَٰ ب ل لۡٱ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 519, "width": 315, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: (Apakah kamu hai orang musyrik yang lebih beruntung) ataukah orang yang beribadat di waktu-waktu malam dengan sujud dan berdiri, sedang ia takut kepada (azab) akhirat dan mengharapkan rahmat Tuhannya? Katakanlah: \"Adakah sama orang-orang yang mengetahui dengan orang-orang yang tidak mengetahui?\" Sesungguhnya orang yang berakallah yang dapat menerima pelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 593, "width": 336, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam ayat tersebut, Allah swt menegaskan bahwa ada perbedaan yang sangat jelas antara orang yang berpengetahuan dengan yang tidak berpengetahuan. Hal ini dapat ditarik pemahaman lebih jauh dalam perihal kegiatan controlling , bahwa kebijakan seorang manajer yang berpengetahuan dengan yang tidak berpengetahuan akan sangat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 731, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 102.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 744, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 459.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 114, "width": 336, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berbeda jauh. Oleh karena itu syarat berpengetahuan adalah sebuah keniscayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 155, "width": 114, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kemampuan ( ability ,)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 175, "width": 372, "height": 75, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus sehat jasmani, tidak sedang sakit dan tidak cacat salah satu anggota badannya yang menyebabkannya tidak dapat melakukan tindakan control secara sempurna. Hal ini disimpulkan dari firman Allah swt dalam (Q.S Al-Baqarah [2]: 286). 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 247, "width": 310, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ كٱَٰٓا مَٰٓا ه ي ل ع وَٰٓ ت ب س كَٰٓا مَٰٓا ه لَٰٓٗۚا ه ع سُوَٰٓ َّ لِٗإَٰٓا ًس ف نَُٰٓ َّللَّٱَٰٓ ُفِ ل كُيَٰٓ لٗ َٰٓ ت ب س ت … َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 280, "width": 315, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Allah tidak membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan kesanggupannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 319, "width": 371, "height": 75, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam ayat tersebut, dijelaskan bahwa Allah swt tidak pernah membenani hambanya kecuali selalu dalam batasaan kemampuanhamba tersebut. Berpijak pada kaidah ini, tidak boleh orang yang tidak mampu mengemban amanah controlling menjalankan pekerjaan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 400, "width": 112, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kekuasaan ( authority )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 421, "width": 371, "height": 176, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan control itu harus memiliki kewenangan penuh secara resmi dalam hal pelaksanaan control tersebut. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari pemahaman hadits Rosulullah saw tentang setiap pemimpin akan dimintai pertanggungjawabannya. 18 Dengan adanya pertanggungjawaban tersebut, secara otomatis pemimpin tersebut memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan controlling, karena hal tersebut merupakan salah satu yang akan dimintai pertanggungjawaban atasnya. Pemahaman yang Lebih jauh, orang yang tidak memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan controlling, tidak boleh melakukannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 603, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Panutan (uswah)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 623, "width": 371, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan control itu harus mampu menjadi panutan yang baik bagi anggota yang dikontrolnya. Hal ini sesuai dengan firman Allah swt dalam (Q.S Al-Baqarah [2]: 44) 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 715, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 49.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 733, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18 Hadits yang dimaksud adalah sabda Rosulullah saw:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 744, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 389, "top": 115, "width": 94, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ وَِٰٓ ِبُ لٱِبَٰٓ ساَّلنٱَٰٓ نوُرُم أ ت أ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 105, "width": 220, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُلِق ع تَٰٓ لَ ف أَٰٓٗۚ بَٰ تِك لٱَٰٓ نوُل ت تَٰٓ مُتن أ وَٰٓ مُك سُفن أَٰٓ ن و سن ت", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 161, "top": 115, "width": 3, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 138, "width": 315, "height": 37, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Mengapa kamu suruh orang lain (mengerjakan) kebaktian, sedang kamu melupakan diri (kewajiban)mu sendiri, padahal kamu membaca Al Kitab (Taurat)? Maka tidaklah kamu berpikir?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 188, "width": 371, "height": 136, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam ayat tersebut, Allah swt mengecam orang-orang yang hanya menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan kebaikan, sedangkan dirinya sendiri tidak melakukannya. Kegiatan Controling , jika ditinjau dari aspek tujuannya, sejatinya bagian dari aktifitas menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan kebaikan (sebagaimana yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi yang bersangkutan). Oleh karena itu, seorang manajer harus berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk melaksanakan segala sesuatunya dengan baik dan benar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 330, "width": 180, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Memiliki integritas ( integrity , Fidelity )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 350, "width": 372, "height": 95, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus amanah, menjalankan tugasnya dengan sebenar-benarnya dan tidak boleh khianat sekecil apapun. Telah diketahui bersama bahwa kegiatan kontrol adalah bagian dari amanah, oleh karena harus dilaksanakan dengan sebenar-benarnya dan sebaik-baiknya dan tidak boleh dengan sengaja melakukan tindakan khianat sekecil apapun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 452, "width": 50, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Positivity", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 472, "width": 371, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu tidak hanya cukup mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan, tetapi dia harus memberi balasan yang baik bagi yang berprestasi dan memberikan peringatan atau sanksi yang sepadan bagi mereka yang menyimpang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 553, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Netral ( Neutrality )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 573, "width": 361, "height": 55, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus memutuskan dan menetapkan sikap dan segala sesuatunya secara, netral, objektif dan tanpa ada keberpihakan kepada salah satu pihak yang dikontrolnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 634, "width": 126, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10) Moderasi ( Moderation ,)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 654, "width": 372, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu jika ditinjau dari fungsinya dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang hakim. Oleh karena itu, jika manajer tersebut dinilai dari sisi kehakimannya, maka dia harus mampu menjadi sangat tegas namun tidak sampai menjadi bengis apalagi aniaya, dan di saat yang sama, dia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 114, "width": 371, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "juga harus mampu menjadi moderat, namun tidak sampai menjadi lemah apalagi dikuasai oleh pihak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 154, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11) Teliti, ( Certainty )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 174, "width": 372, "height": 75, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus teliti, memastikan bahwa semua prosedur dan langkah-langkah kontrolnya telah terlaksana dengan baik, dan tidak tergesa-gesa dalam mengambil keputusan sehingga keputusannya menjadi kokoh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 268, "width": 216, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. Langkah-Langkah Proses Pengawasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 287, "width": 386, "height": 192, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam melaksanakan kontrol yang efektif maka yang pertama-tama dilakukan adalah merumuskan tujuan yang akan dicapai oleh perusahaan/lembaga itu. Tujuan ini merupakan motif lembaga didirikan, jika tujuan ini sudah jelas maka perlu ditetapkan ukuran atau standar yang menjadi patokan ideal dari pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan. Tanpa adanya patokan penyimpangan tidak dapat diukur. Pengukuran standar harus diikuti pengukuran hasil kerja yang dicapai. Adanya patokan dan pengukuran standar sangat perlu untuk mengetahui penyimpangan (varience). Kalau angka penyimpangan sudah diketahui maka barulah dapat melakukan tindakan koreksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 488, "width": 386, "height": 236, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam teori manajemen modern, terdapat beberapa teori yang menjelaskan tentang langkah-langkah dalam proses pengawasan. Di antaranya menurut Kadarman bahwa langkah-langkah pengawasan terdiri atas: (1) Menetapkan Standar, yang dilakukan dari proses perencanaan; (2) Mengukur Kinerja, yakni mengukur atau mengevaluasi kinerja yang dicapai terhadap standar yang telah ditentukan; (3) Memperbaiki Penyimpangan, karena proses pengawasan tidak akan lengkap jika tidak ada tindakan perbaikan terhadap penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang terjadi. Adapun elemen yang diperlukan dalam proses pengawasan ini adalah: (1) Detektor, alat/petugas untuk mengidentifikasi apa yang sedang terjadi dalam suatu kegiatan; (2) Assesor, yaitu alat/petugas untuk menentukan ketepatan kerja; (3) Efektor, yaitu alat/petugas yang digunakan untuk mengubah sesuatu yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 36, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "diperoleh dari assesor; (4) Jaringan komunikasi, yaitu alat/petugas untuk mengirim informasi antara detektor dan assesor. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 158, "width": 385, "height": 36, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun secara terperinci beberapa langkah yang dapat diambil dalam proses pengawasan antara lain adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 203, "width": 297, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Menetapkan standar dan mengukur performa/prestasi kerja.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 223, "width": 372, "height": 216, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karena perencanaan merupakan tolak ukur merancang pengawasan, maka langkah pertama dalam proses pengawasan adalah menyusun rencana. Akan tetapi karena perencanaan berbeda dalam perincian dan kerumitannya dan manajer tidak dapat mengawasi segalanya, maka harus ditentukan standar khusus. Misalnya standar tentang prestasi kerja. Umumnya standar pelaksanaan pekerjaan bagi suatu aktivitas menyangkut kriteria: ongkos, waktu, kuantitas, dan kualitas. Dengan mengadaptasi karya Koonts dan O. Donnel, Murdick mengemukakan lima ukuran kritis sebagai standar yiatu: 1) fisik, 2) ongkos, 3) program, 4) pendapatan, dan 5) standar yang tak dapat diraba ( Intangible ) , dan standar yang terakhir inilah merupakan standar yang sulit di ukur, biasanya tidak dinyatakan dalam ukuran kuantitas. 21", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 445, "width": 241, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Melakukan pengukuran performa/prestasi kerja.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 466, "width": 372, "height": 74, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah kedua dalam pengawasan adalah mengukur dan mengevaluasi prestasi kerja terhadap standar yang telah ditentukan, hal ini dimaksudkan agar penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang mungkin terjadi dapat diketahui lebih dahulu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 547, "width": 279, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menetapkan apakah prestasi kerja sesuai dengan standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 567, "width": 372, "height": 100, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah berikutnya adalah membandingkan hasil pengukuran dengan target atau standar yang telah ditentukan. Bila prestasi sesuai dengan standar, manajer akan menilai bahwa segala sesuatunya berada dalam kendali. Menurut Ernie 22 , secara garis besar ada 3 kemungkinan hasil penialian antara kinerja dengan standar, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 701, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20 Edward Sallis. Total Quality Management… , hlm. 59", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21 Nanang Fattah, Landasan Manajemen Pendidikan . (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2004), hlm. 102.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 398, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "22 Tisnawati Sule Ernie. Pengantar Manajemen . (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2005), hlm. 324", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 113, "width": 350, "height": 35, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Kinerja > standar, dimana dalam kondisi ini organisasi mencapai kinerja yang terbaik karena berada di atas standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 154, "width": 371, "height": 54, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Kinerja = standar, dimana dalam kondisi ini organisasi mencapai kinerja baik, namun pada tingkat yang paling minimum karena kinerjanya sama denagn standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 215, "width": 371, "height": 56, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Kinerja < standar, dimana dalam kondisi ini organisasi mencapai kinerja yang buruk atau tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan karena berada di bawah standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 278, "width": 371, "height": 35, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yang perlu diperhatikan di sini adalah bahwa untuk penilaian kinerja pada praktiknya berbeda-beda tergantung dari apa yang akan dinilai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 319, "width": 152, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Mengambil tindakan korektif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 339, "width": 371, "height": 175, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pengawasan tidak lengkap, jika tidak diambil tindakan untuk membetulkan penyimpangan yang terjadi. Berkaitan dengan proses kontrol ada pertanyaan yang mengganjal, sebenarnya apa yang harus dikontrol? Humble mengatakan tiga macam pemeriksaan yaitu pemeriksaan terhadap karya, kemampuan dan gaji. Robbin mengemukakan empat hal yang perlu dikontrol yaitu kualitas, kuantitas, biaya dan waktu. Mitchell mengatakan bahwa kontrol mencakup segala bagian organisasi mulai dari perencanaan, seleksi personalia, pembinaan personalia, anggaran belanja, penilaian perilaku, cara bekerja sampai dengan efektivitas pemekaian dana. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 534, "width": 288, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F. Implementasi Controling dalam lembaga pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 554, "width": 386, "height": 75, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam tahap implementasinya, pelaksanaan controlling juga perlu memperhatikan beberapa persyaratan atau prinsip-prinsip penting yang dapat memperkuat posisinya sesuai fungsi yang diharapkan. Persyaratan atau prinsip- prinsip yang dimaksud, di antaranya adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 635, "width": 164, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Telah terencana dengan matang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 655, "width": 335, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Memiliki Prosedur Operasional Standar ( Standard Operational Procedur )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 676, "width": 315, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Dijalankan oleh orang yang amanah dan berkapasitas ( competence )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 696, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Akuntabel/transparan dan tertulis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 744, "width": 309, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "23 Made Pidarta, Manajemen Pendidikan Indonesia, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2011) 72", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 113, "width": 190, "height": 15, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Efisien dalam penggunaan anggaran. 24", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 134, "width": 386, "height": 54, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jika prinsip-prinsip ini telah dimiliki oleh setiap organisasi dalam aktivitas pengawasan yang dijalankan, setidaknya akan dapat memiminimalisir segala bentuk permasalahan yang terjadi di lapangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 195, "width": 386, "height": 196, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melalui prinsip-prinsip pengawasan di atas, maka upaya pengawasan atau pengendalian perlu dilakukan secara maksimal oleh unsur-unsur yang terkait dalam sebuah organisasi. Dalam teori manajemen modern, terdapat beberapa teori yang menjelaskan tentang langkah-langkah dalam proses pengawasan. Di antaranya menurut Kadarman bahwa langkah-langkah pengawasan terdiri atas: (1) Menetapkan Standar, yang dilakukan dari proses perencanaan; (2) Mengukur Kinerja, yakni mengukur atau mengevaluasi kinerja yang dicapai terhadap standar yang telah ditentukan; (3) Memperbaiki Penyimpangan, karena proses pengawasan tidak akan lengkap jika tidak ada tindakan perbaikan terhadap penyimpangan- penyimpangan yang terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 397, "width": 386, "height": 217, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun elemen yang diperlukan dalam proses pengawasan ini adalah: (1) Detektor, alat/ petugas untuk mengidentifikasi apa yang sedang terjadi dalam suatu kegiatan; (2) Assesor, yaitu alat/petugas untuk menentukan ketepatan kerja; (3) umum dapat dipahami bahwa suatu organisasi yang dalam aspek kegiatannya terus bergerak dan semakin kompleks dari waktu ke waktu dengan banyaknya sumber daya yang ada sangat memungkinkan berbuat kesalahan atau menyimpang dari tujuannya. Guna mengevaluasi atas hasil kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, membuat fungsi pengawasan semakin penting kedudukannya dalam setiap organisasi. Tanpa adanya pengawasan yang baik, bisa jadi tujuan yang hendak dicapai akan kurang maksimal, baik bagi organisasinya itu sendiri maupun bagi sumber daya manusia yang ada di dalamnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 637, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 657, "width": 386, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan deskripsi uraian yang telah dipaparkan tentang studi al- Qur’an dan Hadits mengenai konsep controlling , maka dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: Controlling yang bermakna pengendalian, pengawasan atau kontrol,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 394, "height": 22, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24 Edward Sallis, Total Quality Management in Education (Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan), terj. Ahmad Ali Riyadi & Fahrurrozi (Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2011), h. 58", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 216, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses penyesuaian pergerakan antara organisasi dengan tujuannya. Manusia sebagai seorang pengemban amanah dapat melakukan tugasnya dengan optimal sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab terhadap Alloh dan lembaga yang memberi mandat bila benar-benar menyadari selalu diawasi Alloh serta para malaikat. Pengawasan sebagai upaya pengecekan atas jalannya perencanaan ( planning ) dalam organisasi untuk menghindari kegagalan atau akibat yang lebih buruk. Mengenai faktor ini, al- Qur’an memberikan konsepsi yang tegas agar hal yang bersifat merugikan tidak terjadi. Tekanan al- Qur’an lebih dahulu pada intropeksi, evaluasi diri pribadi sebagai pimpinan apakah sudah sejalan dengan pola dan tingkah berdasarkan planning dan program yang telah dirumuskan semula.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftara Rujukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 379, "width": 368, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alma, Buchari. Majemen Pemasaran dan Pemasaran Jasa , Bandung: Alfabeta, 1992.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anthony dan Govindarajan, Vijay. Management Control System , Mc Clelland Grawhill: Ninth Eition, 1998.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 444, "width": 371, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah , PT. Cordoba Internasional Indonesia, 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 469, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ernie, Tisnawati Sule. Pengantar Manajemen , Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2005.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 508, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fattah, Nanang. Landasan Manajemen Pendidikan , Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2004.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 547, "width": 337, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hoetomo. Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Indonesia , Surabaya: Mitra Pelajar, 2005.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 573, "width": 350, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Dale, Developing Management Skill (terjemahan) (Jakarta: Gramedia, 2003.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 598, "width": 401, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Bin Isma’il Bin Ibrohim Bin al -Mughiroh Al-Bukhori, Shohih al-Bukhori . Bairu: Dar Ibnu Katsir al-Yamamah, No. 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 337, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pidarta, Made. Manajemen Pendidikan Indonesia, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 663, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sallis, Edward. Total Quality Management in Education (Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan), terj. Ahmad Ali Riyadi & Fahrurrozi Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 702, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sallis, Edward. Total Quality Management in Education , Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan), terj. Ahmad Ali Riyadi & Fahrurrozi, Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2011", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Shihab, M. Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah (Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al- Qur’an) , Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2002", "type": "Text" } ]
7f302d1a-f3f1-d629-207e-e89e2b18ce54	https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/cbms/article/download/5767/3051	[ { "left": 85, "top": 91, "width": 161, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "COMMUN. BIOMATH. SCI., VOL. 1, NO. 1, PP. 1-12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 523, "top": 91, "width": 3, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 115, "width": 398, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mathematical models of dengue fever epidemiology: multi-strain dynamics, immunological aspects associated to disease severity and vaccines", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 173, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ma´ıra Aguiar 1 and Nico Stollenwerk 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 184, "width": 438, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Centre for Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 203, "width": 436, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Centro de Matem´atica, Aplicac¸˜oes Fundamentais e Investigac¸˜ao Operacional, Faculdade de Ciˆencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 223, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 260, "width": 33, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 275, "width": 402, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Epidemiological models formulated to describe the transmission of the disease and to predict future outbreaks, can become an interesting tool able to address specific public health questions, guiding public health authorities during implementation of disease control measures such as vector control and vaccination. In this paper, we survey a model framework for dengue fever epidemiology, the most important viral mosquito- borne disease in the world. Here, we discuss the role of number of subsequent infections versus detailed number of dengue serotypes included in the model framework and the human immunological aspects associated to disease severity, identifying the implications for model dynamics and its impact for vaccine implementation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 355, "width": 279, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Dengue fever, multi-strain models, vaccine, chaos, predictability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 262, "top": 384, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. I NTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In recent years, mathematical modeling became an important tool for understanding infectious disease epidemiology and dynamics, leading to great advances for disease control, providing tools for assessing the potential impact of different public health intervention measures. Dengue fever epidemiological dynamics shows large fluctuations in disease incidence, and several mathematical models describing the transmission of dengue viruses have been proposed to explain the irregular behavior of dengue epidemics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 442, "height": 97, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "With about 400 million dengue infections occurring every year [1], the disease is now considered the most important viral mosquito-borne disease in the world. Dengue fever is caused by four antigenically related but distinct serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4). Infection by one serotype confers life-long immunity to that serotype and a period of temporary cross-immunity to other serotypes. Clinical response on exposure to a second serotype is complex and may depend on factors such as patient age, dengue serotype, sequence of infection and the interval between infection by one serotype and exposure to a second serotype. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing severe dengue, due to a process described as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), where the pre-existing antibodies to previous dengue infection enhances the new infection [2], [3], [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 552, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengue fever epidemiological dynamics shows large fluctuations in disease incidence, and several math- ematical models describing the transmission of dengue viruses have been proposed to explain the irregular behavior of dengue epidemics. Most of the models developed try to incorporate factors focusing on several different aspects of the disease combined with biological aspects of the vector and possible intervention measures, leading to a higher dimensional systems with hundreds of parameters that would need to be estimated from fewer available empirical data. The problem becomes mathematically difficult and to be predictive and not get lost in unnecessary components of a model, parsimony is often needed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A careful review of deterministic dengue modeling was recently published [5], where two main approaches were considered, the vector-host and the (indirect) host-to-host transmission. In the first approach, the fluctuations in the mosquito dynamics and climate change are included and assumed to affect the disease transmission [6], [8], while in the second approach the effect of seasonality (mimicking the vectorial dynamics) appear to be essential to explain the intra-annual fluctuations in disease cases [9], [10]. Incidence maps have", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 442, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received August 29 th , 2017 , Revised October 1 st , 2017 , Accepted for publication October 17 th , 2017 . Copyright ©2017 Published by Bio Mathematical Society, e-ISSN: 2549-2896, DOI: 10.5614/cbms.2017.1.1.1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 63, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "also gained importance in the last years, giving visual insights on disease occurrence [1], [11] and vector abundance for example [12]; however, this surveillance tool is still difficult to be accurately used in the public health context of local disease intervention, given their static output (in contrast to the chaotic fluctuations in disease incidences), their complexity and the need of a constant good data input. The same difficulty is expected when dealing with more complex models including four different strains and vector dynamics individual based models and age-structure [13], [14].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In this survey we discuss some modeling framework recently used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend the newly licensed dengue vaccine. We focus on the biological aspects of dengue fever epidemiology, identifying its implications for model dynamics and its impact for disease prevention and control.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 238, "width": 436, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. M ULTI - STRAIN D YNAMICS , A NTIBODY -D EPENDENT E NHANCEMENT AND T EMPORARY C ROSS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 249, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I MMUNITY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Multi-strain dengue dynamics are generally modeled with extended SIR-type models and the combination of biological aspects such as temporary cross-immunity and the ADE effect have been studied by several authors. Modeling attention has first focused on higher viral load of hosts on secondary dengue infections due to ADE, but neglecting temporary cross-immunity, reporting deterministically chaotic attractors [6] and chaos desynchronization [15], [16] to explain the co-existence of the four dengue viral strains. Temporary cross-immunity was later incorporated in mathematical models as well, but again limiting the effect of ADE to increase the contribution of secondary cases to the force of infection, without further systematic investigation of the possible dynamical structures in these models [8], [13], [17], [18].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aguiar et al. [19], [20] have investigated a two-infection dengue model, combining the effect of temporary cross-immunity and ADE, an extension of a model initially suggested and preliminarily analyzed in Ferguson et al. [6], where a rich dynamical behavior [7], from bifurcations up to deterministic chaos was found in wider and not previously described parameter regions, no longer needing to restrict the infectivity on secondary infection to be much higher than on primary infections (see Fig.1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 414, "width": 394, "height": 182, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ln(Infected) ADE ratio ( φ ) -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 H P TR P T ln(Infected) ADE ratio ( φ ) (a) (b)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 604, "width": 442, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 1: Bifurcation diagrams of attractors changing with one model parameter, the ADE ratio φ . Plotted are local maxima and minima of the attractors. a) For very small φ we observe fixed points, then periodic behaviour, followed by complex behaviour for phi smaller 1. Complex behaviour is found again, after periodic windows, for large ADE ratio phi around 3. b) Comparison of the numerical bifurcation diagram with an analysis of bifurcation software, AUTO, revealing the types of bifurcations, Hopf bifurcation H , pitchfork P and torus bifurcation T from limit cycles into tori from where more complex behaviour such deterministic chaos originates, until boundary crises again into periodic behaviour.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "However, in order to be able to reproduce the yearly cycle in dengue incidence seasonal forcing and a low import of infected have to be included in the models [9]. The minimalistic model proposed in [9] has shown", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "complex dynamics and qualitatively a good agreement between empirical data and model simulation. Note that for our deterministic system, Lyapunov exponents calculations were performed in order to quantify its prediction horizon, where beyond this prediction horizon we have unpredictability. For the chaotic region of φ = 0 . 9 , the dominant Lyapunov exponent is 0 . 1118 giving ≈ 10 years of prediction horizon in the monthly time series. In Fig. 2 we present two of the many different matching possibilities, able to describe a 5 year period of empirical data, from 1983 to 1994 and from 2002 to 2012, respectively, with a good qualitative (and even quantitative) agreement with our model simulation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 215, "width": 404, "height": 300, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 Hospitalized cases time (years) Chiang Mai Empirical Data 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 Hospitalized cases time (years) Model Simulation (a) (b) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 Hospitalized Cases time (years) Model Simulation Chiang Mai Empirical Data 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Hospitalized Cases time (years) Model Simulation Chiang Mai Empirical Data (c) (d)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 2: Time series analysis. In a) the empirical data for hospital admission cases in Chiang Mai Province, North of Thailand. In b) the seasonal two-serotype model simulation, showing deterministic chaotic behavior confirmed by a positive Lyapunov exponent. The prediction horizon in the deterministic system is of approximately 10 years. The model shows similar pattern as the empirical data, with yearly irregular oscillations. The two-serotype model was validated and parametrized via data matching. As an example of the many different matching possibilities, we plot in c) and in d) 10 years of time series simulations with empirical data, from 1983 to 1994 and from 2002 to 2012 respectively.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Since then, the restrictive assumption of much higher contribution to the force of infection of secondary infectivity that was previously necessary to generate complex dynamics could be relaxed significantly when taking the temporary cross-immunity into account.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The findings of wide ranges of chaotic attractors have opened new ways to the analysis of existing data sets, indicating that deterministic chaos is much more important in multi-strain models than previously thought.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 678, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "More than ever, temporary cross-immunity has turned out to be an important biological feature when mod- eling dengue fever epidemiology and has become an important ingredient for dengue modeling development, more often used in new modeling approaches [21].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1. The two strain dengue model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The minimalistic two-serotype model proposed by Aguiar et al. [9] is able to capture differences between primary and secondary dengue infection, including temporary cross-immunity and ADE. Only two possible infections are considered, primary and secondary, an assumption validated because of the low frequency of tertiary and quaternary infections among hospital cohorts [29]. The four-serotype model is represented in Fig. 3 using a state flow diagram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 3: State flow diagram for two-infection two-serotype dengue model. The Force of Infection (FoI) is explicitly given by β ( I 1 + I 2 + ρN + φ ( I 12 + I 21 ) , where β takes the seasonal forcing into account as a cosine function β ( t ) = β 0 (1 + η · cos( ωt )) , mimicking vector dynamics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The complete system of ordinary differential equations for the seasonal multi-strain epidemiological model is shown in system (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 568, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The effects of the vector dynamics are only taken into account by the force of infection parameters in the SIR-type model, but not modeling this mechanisms explicitly [30]. The parameter β takes the seasonal forcing into account as a cosine function.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 442, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The temporary cross-immunity period and the recovery rate are parametrized by α and γ respectively. The population size N is constant and the demography (birth and death rates) is parametrized by µ . Susceptible individuals can become infected also by meeting an infected individual from an external population contribut- ing to the force of infection with an import parameter ρ . The parameter φ introduces the ADE ratio, i.e., secondary infection contribution to the force of infection. In this way, individuals with a primary infection and with a secondary infection transmit disease differently, with infection rate β and φβ respectively. The dynamics of the system is described as follows. For two different strains, 1 and 2 , we label the SIR classes for the hosts that have been infected naturally by individual strains. Individuals start as seronegative susceptibles ( S ) and can acquire a natural first infection ( I 1 ) or ( I 2 ) with a specific dengue serotype. Individuals recover from a primary infection ( R 1 ) or ( R 2 ) and after a period of temporary cross-immunity,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "become seropositive (monotypic) susceptibles ( S 1 ) or ( S 2 ), now immune to one serotype and able to acquire a natural secondary dengue infection with a different serotype ( I 12 ) or ( I 21 ). Finally, individuals recover from a secondary infection ( R ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "We assume that individuals experiencing a secondary infection are assumed to have higher risk (than primarily infected individuals) of developing clinically apparent and severe disease with hospitalization. For a more detailed description, see [9]. The parameter values are given in Table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 186, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The minimalistic model successfully described large fluctuations observed in empirical outbreak data (see Fig. 2), estimating lower infection rate for secondary dengue infected individuals than for primary infected, anticipating results published recently in Duong et al. [31], where persons with unapparent dengue infections were more infectious to mosquitoes than clinically symptomatic patients.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 252, "width": 310, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ S = − β ( t ) N S ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) − β ( t ) N S ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) + µ ( N − S )", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 283, "width": 182, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 1 = β ( t ) N S ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 314, "width": 366, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 2 = β ( t ) N S ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 2 ˙ R 1 = γI 1 − ( α + µ ) R 1 ˙ R 2 = γI 2 − ( α + µ ) R 2 (1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 399, "width": 202, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ S 1 = − β ( t ) N S 1 ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) + αR 1 − µS 1", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 430, "width": 202, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ S 2 = − β ( t ) N S 2 ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) + αR 2 − µS 2", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 460, "width": 194, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 12 = β ( t ) N S 1 ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 12", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 491, "width": 194, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 21 = β ( t ) N S 2 ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 21 ˙ R = γ ( I 12 + I 21 ) − µR", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 159, "top": 580, "width": 294, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE I: Parameter set for the minimalistic two-strain dengue model.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 214, "top": 604, "width": 55, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Par. Description", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 214, "top": 604, "width": 184, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Values Ref N population size 1 . 6 million [9] µ birth and death rate 1 / 65 y [9] γ recovery rate 52 y − 1 [9] β 0 infection rate 2 · γ [9] η degree of seasonality 0 . 35 [9] ρ import parameter 0 to 10 − 10 [9] α temporary cross-immunity rate 2 y − 1 [9] φ ratio of secondary infections contributing to force of infection 0 . 9 [9]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2. The four strain dengue model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 442, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Further extension of the previously studied model by Aguiar et al. [9] was performed, showing that the combination of temporary cross-immunity and ADE are the most important feature to drive the complex dynamics in the system, more than the detailed number of dengue serotypes to be added in the model [22]. For both models a qualitatively good result were obtained when comparing empirical data and model simulation, with similar patterns of the irregular behavior (see Fig. 5). The model is represented in Fig. 4 using a state flow diagram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 4: State flow diagram for two-infection four-serotype dengue model. The Force of Infection (FoI) is explicitly given by β ( I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + I 4 + ρN + φ ( I 12 + I 13 + I 14 + I 21 + I 23 + I 24 + I 31 + I 32 + I 34 + I 41 + I 42 + I 43 ) , where β takes the seasonal forcing into account as a cosine function β ( t ) = β 0 (1 + η · cos( ωt )) , mimicking vector dynamics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The system dynamics are similar to the dynamics described for the two-serotype model. Again with only two possible infections but now with four strains, thus more infection possibilities. For a more detailed description of the four-serotype model, see [22].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The numerical bifurcation analysis has shown that chaotic dynamics appear to happen at the same parameter region of interest. For both models, a similar structure and the same order of magnitude of the dominant Lyapunov exponent were observed. This study has confirmed that the practical predictability of the system does not change significantly when considering two or four serotypes in the model assumptions, where the prediction horizon in a time series is in the same range for both models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 607, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. T HE IMPACT OF VACCINE IMPLEMENTATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Since 2016, a dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, marketed by Sanofi Pasteur, is licensed for use in 19 endemic countries. Analysis of phase III trials’ results suggested high rates of protection of vaccinated dengue seropositive individuals, but also high rates of hospitalizations during breakthrough dengue infections of persons who were vaccinated when seronegative [23]. The latter result indicates that Dengvaxia appears to induce dengue infection-enhancing antibodies (ADE) [24]. The availability of a vaccine for dengue with varying levels of efficacy against the different serotypes and potential counter-effects [25] makes extremely relevant the assessment of the potential effects of mass vaccination in endemic areas, as well as of different response policies in case of new vaccine licensure and implementation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 114, "width": 416, "height": 125, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Second. Infections time (years) two-strain model simulation 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 Second. Infections time (years) four-strain model simulation (a) (b)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 5: Using the same parameter set, in a) the two-serotype model simulation and in b) the four-serotype model simulation. Parameter values are given in Table 1. For both models, similar patterns are observed with yearly irregular behavior and same prediction horizon estimated by the Lyapunov exponents’ calculations. The effective dimension of the two serotype model is 9 while of the four serotype model 25. The law of parsimony that recommends selecting the hypothesis that makes the fewest assumptions, implies that the 9 dimensional two-serotype model would be the better candidate than the 25 dimensional four-serotype model to be analyzed, capturing the essential differences of primary versus secondary infection without needing to restrict the ADE effect to one or another region in parameter space.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengvaxia was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on immunisation [23], based partially on modeling results [26], [27] estimating an overall reduction of 10 − 30% of dengue hospitalizations, over a period of 30 years, when this vaccine is yearly administrated in 80% of children (just) 9 years of age, living in high dengue endemic areas of more than 50% seroprevalence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Opposing this prediction, Aguiar et al., have discussed the risks behind this vaccine recommendation [25], [32], after analyzing an age structured model [28]. Using the public available vaccine trial data, vaccine efficacy was estimated via the Bayesian approach [33], predicting a significant reduction of hospitalizations only when the vaccine is given to seropositive individuals [28].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 258, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1. Vaccine efficacy estimation via the Bayesian approach", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 442, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Using the data for the newly licensed dengue vaccine trial in the Asian-Pacific region (CYD14), with participants age between 2-14, as reported in [34], and for the Latin America (CYD15), which has enrolled individuals from 9-14 years of age, as reported in [35], we have estimated the vaccine efficacy (VE) via the Bayesian approach [36], [37], to obtain explicitly a probability p ( k \| I v , I c ) for the vaccine efficacy k with infected individuals (with I v in the vaccine group and I c in the placebo group). We obtained a statistical description of the vaccine trial data that were in very good agreement with the published results for the vaccine efficacy for confirmed dengue cases during the year 1 and 2 of the trials. The Bayesian estimates of the vaccine efficacy for confirmed dengue cases during the years 1-2 in the CYD14 and CYD15 trials is shown in Table 2. Note that the uninformed Bayesian prior might have a slight influence mainly in the confidence interval values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 600, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE II: Bayesian estimates of the VE for confirmed dengue cases during the years 1-2 in the CYD14 and CYD15 trials", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 635, "width": 311, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Published Estimates Our Estimates Ref Latin America Region (CYD15) 56.5% 95%-CI (43.8;66.4) 56.56% 95%-CI (44.4;66.2) [28], [34] Asian-Pacific Region (CYD14) 60.8% 95%-CI (52.0;68) 60.76% 95%-CI (52.2;70.5) [28], [35] Overall VE (CYD14+CYD15) – 59.2% 95%-CI (52.4;66) [28], [33]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Using the combined data from Sanofi-Pasteurs dengue vaccine trials (CDY14 and CYD15) we estimated the overall vaccine efficacy, via the Bayesian approach, to obtain a probability for the combined vaccine efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "based on the empirical data from Asian-Pacific and the Latin American trials [34], [35]. The Bayesian estimate of the combined vaccine efficacy trials is k = 59 . 2% with a 95% -CI of ( 52 . 4 ; 65 . 0 ) as shown in Table 2. Using the same methodology, the specific vaccine efficacy against each dengue serotypes was analyzed, revealing a scenario where any possible common efficacy for all serotypes is statistical excluded.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 161, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "While results from years 12 have demonstrated an intermediate efficacy for confirmed dengue cases, in the year 3, vaccine efficacy for hospitalized dengue cases was found to be considerably smaller for seronegative individuals at baseline (individuals that have never been infected by a dengue virus prior to the vaccine trial) than for individuals who were seropositive at baseline (individuals that have been infected by a dengue virus prior to the vaccine trial) [23], [38]. Moreover, a negative vaccine efficacy was estimated, for the years 3 and 4 of the CYD14 trial, with vaccine disease-enhancement in younger children, which were in its majority seronegatives [28], [32]. For a more detailed calculation, see [28], [37].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 237, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Note that the CYD14 is of interest given the possibility to evaluate both age groups, individuals under and older 9 years of age. The Bayesian estimates of the vaccine efficacy for hospitalized dengue cases during the years 3-4 in the CYD14 trial is shown in Table 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE III: Bayesian estimates of the VE for hospitalized dengue cases during the years 3-4 in the CYD14 trial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 322, "width": 272, "height": 102, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "CYD14 trial (age groups) Year VE estimation Ref 2-5 years 3 -520% 95%-CI (-5089;-14.1) [23], [28], [32], [38] 2-5 years 4 -40.8% 95%-CI (-253.5;36.8) [23], [28], [32], [38] 6-8 years 3 60% 95%-CI (-86;92.0) [23], [28], [32], [38] 6-8 years 4 0% 95%-CI (-153;57) [23], [28], [32], [38] 2-8 years 3 -55.4% 95%-CI (-318.1;33.3) [23], [28], [32], [38] 2-8 years 4 -18.1% 95%-CI (-117,1;32,3) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-11 3 2.5% 95%-CI (-330.2;73.2) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-11 4 -92.4% 95%-CI (-160.3;36.8) [23], [28], [32], [38] 11-14 3 75% 95%-CI (-74;98) [23], [28], [32], [38] 11-14 4 65% 95%-CI (0;89) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-14 3 42.9% 95%-CI (-59.5;79.2) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-14 4 27.2% 95%-CI (-49.9;63.5) [23], [28], [32], [38]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 209, "top": 455, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. M ODELING VACCINE IMPLEMENTATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "To model the future vaccine impact, the minimalistic two-strain dengue model [9] was extended. An age structured model was developed based on the WHO recommendation to vaccinate persons age 9-45 years in dengue endemic countries.The model is represented in Fig 4 using a state flow diagram, where the population consists of a mixture of seronegative and seropositive individuals and only a percentage of individuals 9-45 years of age are vaccinated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 442, "height": 97, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Similarly to the assumptions used in the WHO-SAGE modeling exercise, the model is constructed such the vaccine in seronegative individuals acts like a asymptomatic natural (first) infection providing a short-term protection against the four dengue serotypes. As the immunity wains, those individuals have high probability of symptomatic and severe disease when acquiring a natural primary infection. Vaccine efficacy for seropositive individuals was assumed to be close to 100% , preventing dengue infections and hospitalization of monotypic dengue immune individuals. Although more data in respect to individual sero-status prior to vaccination are still needed, for this analysis we have assumed that individuals of any age who have experienced at least one dengue virus infection will benefit from vaccination but when seronegative, an increased risk of vaccine disease enhancement exists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Insights from our mathematical modeling have shown that high rates of reduction of hospitalizations can be achieved when vaccinating only seropositive individuals. While dengue infections of seropositive individuals will be prevented, vaccination of seronegative persons increases hospitalization (see Fig. 5). The detailed modeling analysis can be found in [28]. The model parameters are shown in Table 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 675, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. D ISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In this survey we analyzed a modeling framework and assumptions recently used to asses the impact of the newly licensed dengue vaccine.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 442, "height": 215, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 6: Flow diagram for age-structured two-infection two-serotype dengue model with vaccination. Hospitalizations are only possible in the classes marked in red. The Force of Infection (FoI) is explicitly given by β ( I 1 + I 2 + I b 1 + I b 2 + I e 1 + I e 2 + ρN + φ ( I 12 + I 21 + I b 12 + I b 21 + I e 12 + I e 21 ) + φ v ( I v 1 + I v 2 . )) . 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Dengvaxia implementation Coverage: 4% of Seroneg. + Seropos. 9-45 years old individuals per year Hospitalizations All age groups (1-65y) time (years) Model, no vaccination After vaccination (serop. + seroneg) After vaccination (serop. only)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 256, "top": 427, "width": 183, "height": 6, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Chiang Mai empirical data (Hospital admission dengue cases)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 442, "height": 89, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 7: Model simulation of hospitalizations in a population between 165 year-old. The last 5 years of available empirical data (in purple) were matched with the model simulation prior to vaccination (in orange) and prediction was made for the following 5 years, after vaccine implementation covering yearly 4% of the target group between 9-45 years of age, from 2016 to 2021. Hospitalizations occurring after yearly vaccination of both seropositives and seronegatives, ages 9-45 years, are shown as a gray line. However, when restricting this vaccine to seropositive only, 9-45 years of age, high rates of reduction of hospitalizations can be achieved (in blue). For this simulation, no extra risk of vaccine disease enhancement, compared with hospitalizations of individuals hospitalized when acquiring a natural secondary infection, was considered. However, if that would be the case, the number of hospitalization without population screening would be much larger (see [28]).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 192, "top": 123, "width": 229, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE IV: Estimated parameter set via data matching", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 151, "top": 145, "width": 257, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Par. Description Values Ref N population size 1 . 65 million inhabitants [9], [28] µ birth and death rate 1 / 65 y [9], [28] γ recovery rate 52 y − 1 [9], [28] β effective infection rate 2 γ [9], [28] η degree of seasonality 0 . 35 [9], [28] ϕ phase of seasonality 3 / 12 y [9], [28] ρ import parameter 10 − 8 [9], [28] α temporary cross-immunity rate 2 y − 1 [9], [28]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 151, "top": 221, "width": 310, "height": 62, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "φ = φ v ratio of secondary infections contributing to force of infection 0 . 9 [2], [3], [4], [9], [28], [31] υ vaccination rate 1 / 1 y [28], [34], [35], [38] p = s proportion of vaccinated population 4% per year [28] k 1 estimated vaccine efficacy for hospitalization under 9 y − 0 . 55 [28], [37], [38] k 2 estimated vaccine efficacy for hospitalization older 9 y 0 . 9 [28], [38]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 442, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Starting from a basic two-serotype SIR-type model for the host population, model extensions were in- vestigated and the role of the detailed number of dengue serotypes to be included into the framework was discussed. The minimalistic model proposed by Aguiar et al. [9] in its simplicity as a good model to be analyzed, giving the expected complex behavior to explain the fluctuations observed in empirical data. It can capture the essential differences of primary versus secondary infection without needing to restrict the ADE effect to one or another region in parameter space. Moreover, the model has shown a qualitatively good result when comparing empirical incidence data and model simulations, anticipating results published recently in Duong et al. [31], where persons with unapparent dengue infections were more infectious to mosquitoes than clinically symptomatic patients.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Focusing on the biological aspects of dengue fever epidemiology and its implications for model dynamics, the analysis of the four-serotype dengue model [22] have shown that the combination of temporary cross- immunity and ADE are the most important feature to drive the complex dynamics in the system, with chaotic behavior appearing at the same parameter region of interest. By using the same parameter set, prediction horizon was observed to be similar for both models, the two and four-serotypes models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 442, "height": 64, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "To be predictive and not get lost in unnecessary components of a model, parsimony is often needed. For vaccine implementation, the two-serotype model with two possible infections was selected and extended. Using similar assumptions as some models in the WHO-SAGE modeling consortia, our model [28] was constructed assuming that individuals of any age who have experienced at least one dengue virus infection would benefit from vaccination but when seronegative, an increased risk of vaccine disease enhancement would be experienced.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vaccine efficacy in preventing hospitalized dengue cases was estimated using the data available in [23], [38], via the Bayesian approach [36], [37]. Chaotic behavior exists in many natural systems and in the case of our deterministic system, whose behavior can in principle be predicted for approximately 10 years, model was parameterized by matching the last 5 years of available empirical hospitalized dengue data for Chiang Mai with model simulations and predictions for disease outcome after vaccine implementation were evaluated for a period of 5 years. This time-frame seams to be acceptable, since neither seroprevalence nor vaccine efficacy are static quantities, and therefore, a prediction of 30 years raises questions of the validity of the recommendation by the WHO-SAGE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 442, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Our results suggested that reserving vaccine for seropositive individuals should provide a high level of protection whereas vaccinating indiscriminately could increase the number of hospitalizations also on the population level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "We are concerned about seronegatives at any age receiving this vaccine and a question that needs to be addressed at all prospective vaccination sites is which screening test to choose to identify seropositives, since ELISA IgG tests vary in specificity [25], [32].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 700, "width": 2, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 517, "top": 85, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "11", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 255, "top": 117, "width": 102, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This work was supported by Strategic Project UID/MAT/00297/2013 (Centro de Matem´atica e Aplicac¸˜es, Universidade Nova de Lisboa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 171, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "R EFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 189, "width": 438, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[1] Bhatt, S., Gething, P.W., Brady, O.J., Messina, J.P., Farlow, A.W., Moyes, C.L., Drake, J.M., Brownstein, J.S., Hoen, A.G., Sankoh, O., Myers, M.F., George, D.B., Jaenisch, T., Wint, G.R.W., Simmons, C.P., Scott, T.W., Farrar, J.J., and Hay, S.I. 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09df529c-c70c-f118-6f8b-bbf119bbbed6	https://journal.isi.ac.id/index.php/dkv/article/download/879/190	[]
faecaeb1-06a3-c79a-fc4a-1a6b3f21b31b	https://pusdikra-publishing.com/index.php/jsr/article/download/713/615	[ { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "136", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 156, "top": 52, "width": 307, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment: Journal of Science and Research Volume 3, Issue 2, Juli 2022 Journal Homepage: http://pusdikra-publishing.com/index.php/jsr", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 135, "width": 474, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan Menganalisis Struktur Cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang Di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Oleh Siswa Kelas Xi Mas Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 253, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Emma Nila Hastiana Harahap 1 , Tiflatul Husna 2 1,2 Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al Washliyah, Medan Corresponding Author : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 232, "width": 59, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 246, "width": 331, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan menganalisis unsur- unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berbentuk esai yang diberikan kepada 34 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ternyata ditemukan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen mencapai nilai rata-rata 80,67 dan berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden telah memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 416, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci Analisis, Struktur Cerpen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 474, "height": 220, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sastra merupakan suatu wadah dalam mengaplikasikan ide-ide gagasan dari pengarang dalam bentuk ungkapan bahasa yang mengesankan, baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Penulis memaparkan, mengekspresikan, dan menuangkannya dalam bentuk tulisan-tulisan yang memiliki nyawa, yaitu berupa luapan emosi, paparan perasaan dan pikiran, pengalaman, ide, gagasan, semangat, penelitian, dan keyakinan- keyakinan yang dipertegas penulis dalam suatu karyanya. Di dalam sastra terdapat berbagai jenis kritik, saran, nasihat, dan juga pengetahuan yang berharga dari pengarang itu sendiri. Sehingga karya sastranya mampu berperan aktif dalam pendewasaan suatu masyarakat secara terus menerus dengan mengikuti gerak atau peristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan masyarakat(Aminuddin, 2015). Luxemburg, (1989) menyatakan, ”Sastra dapat dipandang sebagai suatu gejala sosial. Sastra yang ditulis pada suatu kurun waktu tertentu langsung berkaitan dengan norma- norma dan adat istiadat zaman itu”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 472, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengarang dalam karya sastra menyampaikan pesan-pesan moral melalui bahasa. Pesan disampaikan dengan bahasa sehingga terlihat nyata bagi para penikmat sastra. Jiwa manusia akan semakin arif jika menyatu dengan karya sastra. Sastra sebagai karya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "seni atau karya fiksi juga menghadirkan berbagai persoalan kehidupan yang menyertainya, yaitu berupa cerita rekaan yang diolah pengarang dalam bentuk tulisan berdasarkan pandangan dan penilaiannya terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi dalam kehidupan manusia, ataupun peristiwa yang terjadi dan hanya berlagsung dalam hayalan pengarang saja(Sayuti, 2000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 474, "height": 65, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengajaran sastra dalam kurikulum pendidikan dimasukan ke dalam pengajaran bahasa Indonesia. Sastra merupakan bagian dari kesenian yang memiliki unsur keindahan atau estetis yang perlu dilestarikan dan dikembangkan sehingga perkembangannya mengikuti zaman yang maju dan modern(Asep, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 472, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran sastra seperti prosa, puisi, dan drama bertujuan agar siswa mampu menikmati, memahami, dan memanfaatkan karya sastra untuk mengembangkan kepribadian, memperluas wawasan kehidupan serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan berbahasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 472, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subana. M, (2000), menjelaskan bahwa tujuan pembelajaran sastra meliputi dua hal, yaitu memperoleh pengalaman, dan memperoleh pengetahuan sastra. Tujuan memperoleh pengalaman sastra dan memperoleh pengetahuan langsung atau melihat hal-hal langsung yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan sastra. Misalnya, siswa dilibatkan dengan kegiatan membaca karya sastra, siswa mendengarkan bacaan hasil karya sastra dan siswa disuruh menulis karya sastra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 412, "width": 471, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sejalan dengan tujuan tersebut, pembelajaran sastra diharapkan para peserta didik mampu mengenal dirinya, budayanya, dan budaya orang lain serta mempunyai kemampuan analitik dan imajinatif dalam dirinya untuk menanggapi, mengkritis, dan merespon hal- hal yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Dengan demikian tujuan pembelajaran sastra adalah siswa mengetahui pengetahuan tentang sastra, mampu mengapresiasikan sastra, bersifat positif terhadap nilai – nilai sastra, karena sastra adalah cerminan kehidupan dan dapat mengembangkan kesusastraan Indonesia(Sudjana, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 471, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu bentuk karya sastra adalah cerita pendek (cerpen). Cerpen sebagai salah satu karya fiksi dibangun dari dua unsur, yaitu unsur intrinsik dan unsur ekstrinsik. Unsur intrinsik disebut sebagai struktur pembangun karya sastra cerpen itu sendiri. Unsur ekstrinsik adalah unsur-unsur yang berada di luar karya sastra itu. Meskipun tidak menjadi bagian di dalam cerpen, unsur ekstrinsik secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap totalitas cerita yang dihasilkan(Jurkiewicz, 2000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 471, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerpen merupakan bentuk prosa rekaan yang pendek. Pendek di sini masih mempersyaratkan adanya keutuhan cerita, bukan asal sedikit halaman karena pendek, permasalahan yang digarap tidak begitu kompleks. Biasanya menceritakan peristiwa atau kejadian sesaat. Oleh karena itu, bahasa yang digunakan juga bahasa yang sederhana (Siswanto, 2008:141). Melalui karya sastra para pembaca akan menikmati realitas imajinasi pengarang melalui tokoh, peristiwa dan latar yang disajikan. Karya sastra adalah refleksi pengarang tentang hidup dan kehidupan yang dipadu dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "138", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "daya imajinasi dan kreasi yang didukung oleh pengalaman dan pengamatannya atas kehidupan tersebut(Djojosuroto, 2006:184).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 472, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tarigan (Dalam Wicaksono, 2014:56) cerpen menimbulkan minat masyarakat yang cukup besar untuk membacanya. Hal itu disebabkan sifat cerpen yang singkat dan lengkap. Demikian juga pembaca dapat menikmati karya sastra itu dengan tidak perlu mengorbankan waktu yang terlalu lama. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menggunakan media cerpen sebagai bahan yang akan dianalisis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerpen memiliki unsur-unsur yang membangun yaitu unsur intrinsik dan unsur ekstrinsik. Unsur intrinsik adalah unsur-unsur yang membangun karya sastra itu sendiri. Unsur ekstrinsik adalah unsur-unsur yang berada di luar karya sastra itu(Nurgiantoro, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerpen juga mengandung nilai-nilai kehidupan sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam kehidupan yang dijalani oleh manusia sehari-hari. Nilai-nilai tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai cermin kehidupan bermasyarakat. Tujuan menganalisis struktur cerpen adalah untuk mengetahui isi cerita karena di dalam cerita tersebut terdapat nilai-nilai kehidupan yang bermanfaat bagi pembaca(Munir, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 360, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti memilih untuk menganalisis unsur intrinsik cerpen. Dengan menganalisis unsur intrinsik akan diketahui unsur yang terdapat dalam sebuah cerpen. Unsur intrinsik yang dimaksud adalah, peristiwa, cerita, plot, penokohan, tema, latar, sudut pandang penceritaan, bahasa atau gaya bahasa, dan lain- lain(Listeani, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 446, "width": 471, "height": 185, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulis memilih cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” karya Farizal Sikumbang sebagai bahan untuk dianalisis. Cerita pendek “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” karya Farizal Sikumbang ini menggunakan bahasa yang mudah dipahami sehingga siswa mudah untuk menganalisisnya. Cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” karya Farizal berdasarkan analisis penulis, cerpen ini belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya sehingga peneliti menggunakan cerpen ini sebagai bahan penelitian. Selain itu, cerita pendek ini isinya menarik dan memberikan banyak nasihat sehingga sangat cocok sebagai bahan pembelajaran di kelas. Untuk itu peneliti menggunakan cerita pendek “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi D atang di Rumahmu” sebagai bahan untuk dianalisis. Analisis difokuskan pada unsur intrinsik, meliputi tema, tokoh dan penokohan, alur, latar, sudut pandang, amanat, dan gaya bahasa(Crindle.M, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 137, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN Desain Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Analisis deskriptif adalah analisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul sebagaimana adanya. Pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dikarenakan data penelitian berupa angka-angka(Kompri, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 221, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang menggunakan observasi, wawancara atau angket mengenai keadaan sekarang ini, mengenai subjek yang sedang kita teliti. Melalui angket dan sebagainya kita mengumpulkan data dan kemudian menguji hipotesis atau menjawab suatu pertanyaan. Melalui penelitian deskriptif ini peneliti akan memaparkan yang sebenarnya terjadi mengenai keadaan sekarang ini yang sedang diteliti. Metode penelitian kuantitatif diartikan sebagai metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat positivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada populasi atau sampel tertentu, pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian, analisis data bersifat kuantitatif/statistik, dengan tujuan untuk mengaju hipotensis yang telah ditetapkan. Pendekatan kuantitatif ini digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengukur tingkat keberhasilan siswa dalam menganalisis struktur cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Oleh Siswa Kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 129, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel dan Indikator", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 471, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arikunto, (2015:161) mengatakan “variabel adalah objek penelitian, atau apa yang menjadi titik perhatian suatu pe nelitian”.Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel bebas yaitu kemampuan menganalisis struktur cerpen. Sedangkan indikator adalah alat ukur yang berfungsi mengukur perolehan data varibel. Adapun indikator dalam penelitian ini adalah skor yang diperoleh siswa dari hasil tes kemampuan menganalisis struktur cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 445, "width": 120, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 471, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk memperoleh data yang diharapkan diperlukan alat yang dapat menyaring data dengan baik. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Arikunto (2004: 203) yang mengatakan “instrumen penelitian adalah alat atau fasilitas yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam mengumpulkan data agar perkembangannya lebih mudah dan hasilnya lebih baik, dalam arti cermat, len gkap, dan sistematis sehingga lebih mudah diolah”. Dari penjelasan di atas, instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berbentuk esai yang diberikan kepada 34 siswa. Tes esai digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan menganalisis struktur cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 616, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 633, "width": 402, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kriteria Penilaian Kemampuan Menganalisis Struktur Cerpen No. Aspek Yang Dinilai Kriteria Skor 1 Mampu menemukan dan menentukan unsur pembangun cerita pendek Menentukan tema 1-20 Menentukan alur 1-15 Menentukan latar 1-15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "140", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 156, "top": 86, "width": 359, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "““Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Menentukan penokohan 1-15 Menentukan amanat 1-15 Menentukan Sudut Pandang 1-10 Gaya Bahasa 1-10 Jumlah Skor 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 153, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 471, "height": 117, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sugiyono, (2017:284) teknik pengumpulan data merupakan langkah utama dalam penelitian, karena tujuan utama dari penelitian adalah mendapatkan data, jika peneliti tidak mengetahui teknik pengumpulan data maka peneliti tidak akan mendapat data yang memenuhi standar. Untuk memperoleh data yang diperhatikan maka penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes essai untuk mengukur pengetahuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur- unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Kar ya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 121, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang telah dikumpul selanjutnya akan dianalisis guna mencapai hasil yang maksimal. Langkah-langkah analisisnya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 379, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Mentabulasikan skor tes.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 396, "width": 447, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menghitung nilai rata-rata dan standar deviasi data sampel, yaitu data nilai siswa .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 251, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menghitung nilai rata-rata digunakan rumus :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 449, "width": 285, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = ∑ 𝑋 𝑁 (Sudjana, 2005 : 67)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 488, "width": 116, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑ 𝑋 = jumlah skor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 506, "width": 128, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N = jumlah sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 258, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menghitung standar deviasi digunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 544, "width": 275, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SD = √ (∑X 2 ) N − (∑X) 2 (N) 2 (Sudjana, 2005 : 95)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 589, "width": 134, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SD = standar deviasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 113, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑X = jumlah skor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 188, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑X 2 = jumlah skor dikuadratkan N = Jumlah sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "141", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 86, "width": 266, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skala Sigma Skala Seratus Skala Skor + 2,25 +1,75 +1,25 +0,75 +0,25 -0,25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 206, "width": 28, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "-0,75 -1,25 -1,75 -2,25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 237, "top": 103, "width": 21, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100 90", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 237, "top": 103, "width": 198, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Mean + ( 2,25) SD", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 338, "top": 121, "width": 91, "height": 151, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mean +(1,75) SD Mean +(1,25) SD Mean +(0,75) SD Mean +(0,25) SD Mean-(0,25) SD Mean-(0,75) SD Mean-(1,25) SD Mean-(1,75) SD Mean-(2,25) SD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 167, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil Tabulasi Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 471, "height": 152, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil tes kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik oleh siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan tahun pembelajaran 2021-2022 yang telah dilakukan, maka langkah-langkah selanjutnya adalah mengolah data-data tersebut. Tujuan pengolahan data adalah untuk mengetahui analisis dari unsur-unsur intrisik dari cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian berupa skor hasil tes menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik. Tes menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik yang dierjakan oleh siswa dengan jumlah anggota sampel 34 siswa. Skor tertinggi yang dicapai siswa adalah 95 sedangkan skor terendah adalah 60. Berikut ini data perolehan skor siswa yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 480, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 471, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Pemerolehan Skor Siswa Menganalisis Unsur- unsur Intrinsik Cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Berikut ini merupakan data yang ditabulasikan ke dalam tabel untuk menghitung kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur i ntrinsik Cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Oleh Siswa Kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 yaitu sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 598, "width": 351, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Tabulasi Data No x f f(x) f(x2) 1 60 1 60 3600 2 65 2 130 8450 4 70 4 280 19600 6 75 3 225 16875", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "142", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 398, "height": 242, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 78 1 78 6084 9 79 2 158 12482 10 80 4 320 25600 12 85 7 595 50575 13 87 3 261 22707 14 88 2 176 15488 15 90 3 270 24300 16 95 2 190 18050 ∑x 952 34 2743 223811 Keterangan : X = skor siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik F = frekuensi kemunculan skor", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 332, "width": 378, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f(x) = frekuensi kemunculan skor dikalikan skor f(x2) = frekuensi kemunculan skor dikalikan skor yang dikuadratkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑x = frekuensi skor tabel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 384, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Nilai Mean dalam Menganalisis Unsur-unsur Intrinsik Dalam melakukan perhitungan nilai mean, rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 66, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = ∑ 𝑋 𝑁", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 70, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 2743 34 = 80,67", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 471, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, nilai rata-rata kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik siswa kelas XI adalah 80,67. Untuk mencari konversi nilai siswa, perlu diketahui simpangan bakunya dengan menghitung:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 553, "width": 167, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SD = √ (∑X 2 ) N − (∑X) 2 (N) 2 = √ 𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟏 34 − (2743) 2 (34) 2 = √ 223811 34 − 7524049 1156", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= √6582,67 − 6508,69", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 95, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= √73,98 = 8,6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "143", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, simpangan baku untuk mengkonversikan nilai ke dalam skala seratus adalah 8,6. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jarak perbedaan skor yang diperoleh siswa dari nilai rata- rata adalah 8,6. Setelah diketahui skor rata-rata dari simpangan bakunya maka dapat diketahui konversi nilai siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 189, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 205, "width": 429, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konversi Nilai Rata-rata dalam Menganalisis Unsur-unsur Intrinsik Cerpen Skala", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 222, "width": 435, "height": 313, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sigma Skala Skor Skala Nilai Seratus Interval % Tingkat Penguasaan Keterangan + 2,25 80,67 + ( 2,25) 8,6 = 100,02 100 96% - 100% Sempurna +1,75 80,67 + (1,75) 8,6 = 95,72 90 86% - 95% Baik Sekali +1,25 80,67 + (1,25) 8,6 = 91,42 80 76% - 85% Baik +0,75 80,67 + (0,75) 8,6 = 87,12 70 66% - 75% Cukup +0,25 80,67 + (0,25) 8,6 = 82,82 60 56% - 65% Sedang -0,25 80,67 - (0,25) 8,6 = 78,52 50 46% - 55% Hampir Sedang -0,75 80,67 - (0,75) 8,6 = 74,22 40 36% - 45% Kurang -1,25 80,67 - (1,25) 8,6 = 69,92 30 26% - 35% Kurang Sekali -1,75 80,67 - (1,75) 8,6 = 65,62 20 16% - 25% Buruk -2,25 80,67 - (2,25) 8,6 = 61,32 10 0,5% - 15% Buruk Sekali", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 560, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, dari skala tersebut nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 80,67 berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 132, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 472, "height": 88, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah data terkumpul dan dianalisis maka diperoleh hasil penelitian yaitu kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen dengan nilai rata- rata 2743 34 = 80,67. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diperoleh deskripsi penelitian. Keterkaitan hipotesis dengan hasil penelitian ada dua kemungkinan yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "144", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 85, "width": 372, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hipotesis diterima karena data signifikan dengan bunyi hipotesis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 103, "width": 394, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Hipotesis ditolak karena data tidak signifikan dengan bunyi hipotesis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 472, "height": 151, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bertitik tolak dari data yang terkumpul bahwa nilai kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 rata-rata 80,67 dan berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden telah memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang. Bila hasil ini dikaitkan dengan hasil hipotesis penelitian yang berbunyi “Siswa Kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 mampu menganalisis unsur- unsur intrinsik cerpen”. Maka hipotesisi ini dapat diterima kebenarannnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 471, "height": 168, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang oleh siswa XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021- 2022 mendapat nilai rata-rata 80,67, dengan nilai terendah 60 dan nilai tertinggi 95, dan berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden telah memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang. Melihat data yang ada, maka hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 471, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada kesempatan ini, peneliti ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ayahanda Drs Imran Harahap dan Ibunda Dra Lismawaty Siregar serta keluarga tercinta. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Tiflatul Husna, S.Pd., M.Pd selaku pembimbing. Terima kasih kepada seluruh dosen serta staff Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah dan seluruh teman - teman FKIP stambuk 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 118, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 650, "width": 441, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminuddin. (2015). Pengantar Apresiasi Karya Sastra . Sinar Baru Algesindo. Arikunto. (2015). Pengantar Metode Penelitian Sosial Bisnis Manajemen . Rineka Cipta. Asep, H. A. (2008). Evaluasi Pembelajaran . Multi Pressindo. Crindle.M, M. (2020). Generation alpha . Djojosuroto, K. (2006). Analisis Teks Sastra dan Pengajarannya . Pustaka Pelajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 471, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2000). Generation X and the Public. Public Personnel Management", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "145", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 49, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Employee , 29 (1) . Kompri. (2016). Motivasi Pembelajaran Perspektif Guru dan Siswa . Remaja Rosda Karya. Listeani, F. Y. (2020). Penggunaan Kosakata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Generasi Millenial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 137, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basastra , 9 (1) , 1 – 15. . 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bc43545d-a1b6-8ca0-214f-2186db2de536	https://ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id/index.php/JSAI/article/download/251/175	[ { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 123, "top": 86, "width": 382, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Growth and Exploitation Status of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Waters Around Manokwari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 134, "width": 377, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan dan Status Pemanfaatan dari Cakalang ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) di Perairan Sekitar Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 176, "width": 395, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ridwan Sala 1* , Tasya Magdalena Br Siahaan 1 , Roni Bawole 1 , Mudjirahayu 2 , Mercy Patanda 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 217, "width": 398, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Papua University, Jalan Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, 98314, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 240, "width": 366, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Department of Fishery, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Papua University, Jalan Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, 98314, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 263, "width": 398, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Department of Fishery Resource Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Satya Negara Indonesia, Jalan Arteri Pondok Indah, 11, Jakarta Selatan, 12310, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 288, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 313, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 338, "width": 400, "height": 239, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ikan cakalang ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) merupakan ikan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi dan peluang permintaan pasar lokal maupun ekspor. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Agustus 2021 dengan mengumpulkan data hasil tangkapan dari nelayan di beberapa titik pendaratan ikan di Manokwari. Ikan cakalang tangkapan dari nelayan di tangkap di Perairan sekitar Manokwari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran, hubungan panjang dan berat, model pertumbuhan, laju mortalitas dan pemanfaatan ikan cakalang di Perairan sekitar Manokwari. Ukuran ikan cakalang yang diperoleh berkisar antara 260 mm dan 760 mm, dengan ukuran rata- rata berkisar antara 540 mm dan 595 mm. Hubungan antara panjang total dengan berat tubuh ikan cakalang mengikuti persamaan Log W = 0,00006 + 2,7702 Log L, dimana nilai b sebesar 2,7702 menunjukkan bahwa pola pertumbuhan ikan cakalang ( K. pelamis ) bersifat alometrik negatif. Model pertumbuhan menggunakan model von Bertalanffy, ditemukan panjang asimtot (L ∞ ) sebesar 792,75 mm, laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,75/tahun dan umur teoritis (t0) sebesar -0,0254 tahun. Mortalitas total (Z) sebesar 1,32/tahun. Mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 0,61/tahun. Mortalitas akibat penangkapan (F) sebesar 0,71/tahun. Laju eksploitasi sebesar 0,54/tahun menunjukkan bahwa laju eksploitasi ikan cakalang di perairan sekitar Manokwari sudah sedikit melebihi laju pemanfaatan optimum. Nilai spawning potential ratio (SPR) sebesar 16%, sudah lebih rendah dari batas titik acuan (20%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 593, "width": 372, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : hubungan panjang berat; Ikan cakalang; model pertumbuhan; Tingkat Pemanfaatan; Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 631, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) has high economic value and opportunities for local and export market demand. The present study aims to investigate growth and exploitation status of the resource. Data collection was carried out in April-August 2021 by collecting catch data from fishermen at four fish landing sites in Manokwari. Skipjack tuna caught from the fishermen were caught in the waters around Manokwari. The size of skipjack tuna measured ranged between 260 mm and 760 mm, with an average monthly size ranging between 540 mm and 595 mm. The relationship between total length and body weight of skipjack tuna followed the equation W = 0.00006L2.7702, where the b", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 217, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 397, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232 https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 399, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42 Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "value of 2.7702 indicates that the growth pattern of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) is negative allometric. The growth model using the von Bertalanffy model, found asymptote length (L ∞ ) of 792.75 mm, growth rate (K) of 0.75 year-1 and theoretical age (t0) of -0.0254 years. The total mortality (Z) was 1.32 yr -1 . Natural mortality (M) was 0.61 yr -1 . The mortality due to capture (F) was 0.71 yr -1 . The exploitation rate of 0.54 indicated that the exploitation rate of skipjack tuna in the waters around Manokwari has slightly exceeded the optimum utilization rate. The spawning potential ratio (SPR) value was 16%, which was less than the lower reference point (20%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 203, "width": 354, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Growth model, LWR, Manokwari, Skipjack Tuna, utilization rate,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 229, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 187, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The waters around Manokwari which are directly related to or become part of the western Pacific Ocean are very important in the context of the management and utilization of fishery resources, especially fish resources that are highly migratory such as skipjack tuna. Within the Pacific waters it has been identified as spawning ground areas for skipjack tuna ( Kiyofuji and Ochi, 2016). Utilization of fish resources, especially in the fisheries management area (WPP) 717 is still not optimal (Sala, 2017). However, its utilization has been widely carried out, especially skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 187, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manokwari production in 2016 of 5,163.60 tons (BPS Kab. Manokwari, 2020) and waters around West Papua in 2019 of 22,152 tons (KKP, 2022). So far, the types of fisheries that exploit resources are generally small-scale, so that the fishing fleet is concentrated in coastal waters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 187, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skipjack tuna is a fish that has high economic value and the opportunity for market demand is widely open. This encourages increased skipjack utilization so that it may brought about negative impact on the condition of the population. Research on skipjack tuna in the waters around Papua is still limited. For example, Sala (2017) found that based on an analysis of relative abundance based on data on fishing effort and skipjack catches around the waters in Papua's bird's head, there was a downward trend in skipjack tuna populations until the early 2000s due to high exploitation using purse seine and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 229, "width": 187, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pole and line fishing gears. The results of research from Sala and Manuhutu (2020) based on 2013 data, showed that skipjack catches by fishermen in the waters around Manokwari were dominated by small fish, which could be an indication of growth overfishing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 318, "width": 187, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sustainable management of fish resources does not prohibit fishing activities that are economic in nature but recommends that the level of utilization does not exceed the carrying capacity of the aquatic environment or the ability of fish resources to recover. Excessive utilization of fish resources will threaten the sustainability of fish resources, so that it can cause a decrease in fish populations. For this reason, there needs for a management measures for skipjack tuna capture (Jamal et al., 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 482, "width": 187, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several factors that directly affect population size are the births, growth and mortality. The present study is focused on a few aspects related to the dynamics of the population of skipjack, namely to investigate the size structure of the fish, growth patterns and models, mortality and exploitation status of skipjack tuna stocks in the waters around Manokwari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 609, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESEARCH METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 627, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Collection", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 646, "width": 187, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research was conducted in April-August 2021 in the waters around Manokwari. Sampling was carried out at 4 fishing landing sites, namely the Sanggeng Fish Landing Base (PPI), Borobudur Market, Pasirido, and Sowi 4 (Figure 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 236, "top": 346, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Map of research location", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 187, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Collection of skipjack sample data was carried out using a fisher-based survey approach. The number of samples taken was a minimum of 30% of the population at each fish landing site, for 7 days at each month. Data collection was conducted for five months (April to August). Each individual sample of skipjack was measured the total length using a 0.5 mm accuracy meter and the weight using digital scale with an accuracy of 1 g.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 535, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Analyzes", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 554, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Length and Weight Relationship (LWR)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 580, "width": 187, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The LWR was analyzed based on the following formula (Bal & Rao, 1984):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 604, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "W = aL b", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 618, "width": 142, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: W = Fish weight (grams) L = Total length of fish (mm) a and b = Constants", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 668, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The value of b was tested to determine whether the value of b obtained is significantly different from the value of 3 using a t-test (Weaver & Wuensch, 2013) as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 730, "width": 38, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝒕 = 𝒃−𝒃∗ 𝑺𝒃", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 370, "width": 162, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: Sb = Standard error of b b = Regression coefficient (slope) b = set to 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 427, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Growth", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 441, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Growth model used to calculate the growth rate of skipjack tuna was based on the von Bertalanffy model with the following formula:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 378, "top": 490, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lt = L [ 1-exp -k(t-t0) ]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 510, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 522, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lt = Length of fish at age t", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 535, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L ∞ = Asymptote length of fish K = coefficient of growth rate t 0 = Theoritical age when the length is zerro", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 592, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Estimation of the value of t o used Pauly's (1980) empirical formula as follows: Log (-t 0 ) = -0.3952 – 0.2752 (Log L - 1.038 (Log K)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 655, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Mortality", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 674, "width": 187, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Calculation of the total mortality (Z) used catch curve converted to length method in the FISAT II program (Gayanilo et al. , 2006). Natural mortality (M) of skipjack tuna was estimated using empirical equation of Pauly (1980):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 285, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purba: Kenaikan Suhu Perairan Mengakibatkan Mastigias papua menghilang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 415, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 216, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2020.Vol.4.No.1.96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e- ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 399, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "44 Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 February 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 88, "width": 174, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M = -0.0066 – 0.279 LogLꝏ + 0.6543 LogK + 0.4634 LogT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: T = Average sea surface temperature of waters around Manokwari which was 30.4⁰C (Sala and Manuhutu, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 170, "width": 187, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fishing mortality (F) was estimated by using equation: F = Z - M.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Exploitation Rate", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 187, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The exploitation rate (E) was estimated using Gulland (1971) equation as cite in Hidayat (2017), namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E = 𝑭 𝒁 If the value E = 0.5 or F = M indicates that E is optimum (E opt ) (Gulland 1971 in Pauly 1987).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 187, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPR was analyzed based on the length data of skipjack tuna measured during the study in 2021. Analysis was performed using the Barefoot Ecologist's Toolbox developed by Jeremy Prince which was accessible via http://barefootecologist.com.au/lbspr (Prince, 2003).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 473, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 187, "height": 263, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Size Distribution of Skipjack Tuna A total of 1000 individuals of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) samples were taken randomly from fisher catches caught in the waters around Manokwari from April to August 2021. Based on the measurement results on the samples, a frequency distribution diagram of the total length of skipjack ( K. pelamis ) was made during observations which is shown in Figure 2. The results of the analysis showed that skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari dominantly varied in size, ranging from a minimum size of 260 mm and a maximum size of 760 mm with the highest frequency from April to August in the range of 540-595 mm. The size composition of skipjack is different from composition of skipjack in May-August 2013 which is dominated by relatively", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "small size (< 30 cm) (Sala and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 100, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manuhutu, 2020). Hidayat (2017) reported that in the waters of the West Pacific, the composition of skipjack size dominated by large size (> 50 kg) in November-December-January.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 725, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Frequency distribution of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 738, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "skipjack lengths", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 187, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on several research results in different locations, it shows that first maturity length (Lm) of skipjack tuna at sizes > 400 mm and there are differences in size in different waters (Fishbase.se, 2021). Yonvitner et al . (2021) report the Lm of 413 mm for skipjack measured in Cilacap fishing port. The difference in the size at first maturity is influenced by food availability, water temperature, and growth rate (Satria and Kurnia, 2017). Catching adult populations also has an impact on reducing adult size because of the recovery of skipjack is the relatively slow (Hallier and Founteneun, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 296, "width": 187, "height": 139, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Average total length of skipjack caught in the waters around Manokwari in 2021 Month n Average Total Length ± SD (mm) April 190 531.8 ± 71.4 May 100 537.5 ±77.1 June 220 545.1 ± 79.1 July 240 515.9 ± 69.6 August 250 530.9 ± 81.8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 455, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Length Weight Relationship (LWR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 474, "width": 188, "height": 275, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regression analysis between the length and weight of skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari base on data from April to August 2021 was found that the relationship following equation W = 0.00006L 2.77 with a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of = 0.8683. Statistical t-test analysis at a 95% confidence interval found t-value of 6.73) > t-table of 1.96. This test explained that the growth pattern of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) is negative allometric , i.e. length gain is more dominant than weight gain (Figure 3). The same growth pattern is also resported in Lappa waters, Sinjai district (Jamal et al., 2011). However, there is a different growth pattern of skipjack tuna in Pelabuhan Ratu waters which has a positive allometric which means that weight growth is more dominant than length growth (Nurdin and Panggabean, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 223, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. The relationship between length and weight of skipjack tuna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 261, "width": 187, "height": 225, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The difference in growth pattern is influenced by biological and ecological factors of each waters in which the fish live. In general, the growth pattern depends on physiological and environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, geographic location and sampling technique as well as biological conditions such as gonadal development and food availability (Froese, 2006). Also, the difference in the value of b is influenced by differences in seasons and levels of gonad maturity and fishing activity, because fishing activities are quite influential on the life and growth of fish populations. In addition, differences in the number and variation of fish sizes were observed (Satria et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 502, "width": 156, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Growth Model of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 520, "width": 187, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The growth model of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) caught in the waters around Manokwari was estimated using the Von Bertalanffy growth model in the FISAT II application. The results of analysis showed the value of growth rate (K) of 0.75 yr -1 , the asymptote length (L ∞ ) of 792.75 mm. Estimation of the theoretical age t 0 found the value of -0.0254 years. Then, the growth model follows equation Lt = [792.75 (1-e -0.75(t+0.0254) ). Graphically, the growth model of skipjack caught in the waters around Manokwari is shown in Figure 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 285, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purba: Kenaikan Suhu Perairan Mengakibatkan Mastigias papua menghilang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 415, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 216, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2020.Vol.4.No.1.96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e- ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 399, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46 Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 February 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Growth curve of skipjack taken from water around Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fish growth is influenced by various factors, such as water quality and food availability. Ideally, skipjack tuna caught in Indonesian waters at sea surface temperature of 28⁰C-29⁰C", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 187, "height": 152, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Simbolon and Limbong, 2012), chlorophyll- a of 0.3 mg.m -3 (Azmi, 2015), dissolved oxygen of 2.45 ml.l -1 (Sharp, 1978), and salinity 33-35%. The growth coefficient of skipjack tuna is different from that reported by Sala and Manuhutu (2020), namely the value (K) of 0.42 yr -1 , asymptote length (L ∞ ) of 75.3 cm and reported by Hidayat et al . (2017), found K of 0.41 yr -1 , L ∞ of 101.85 cm for skipjack in the waters of the Western Pacific.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 187, "height": 275, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Toatubun et al. (2015) the length of skipjack tuna at the age of one year is approximately 37 cm, in the second year it can reach 46 cm, the third year is 55 cm, the fourth year is 64 cm, the fifth year is 72 cm, even skipjack can reach one meter at the age of more than 7 years. According to Collette and Nauen (1983) the maximum age of skipjack tuna in waters is 12 years. Jamal et al . (2011) reported skipjack tuna found in the Bone Bay area reaches its maximum length at the age of 7 years. Differences in growth parameter values are influenced by environmental factors of each waters such as food availability, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, fish size and gonadal maturity (Hernandez & Seijo, 2003; Day & Rowe, 2002). Also, fishing pressures can also bring about a slow growth of fish (Edeline, et al ., 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 88, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mortality and Stock Status", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 106, "width": 158, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The total mortality rate (Z)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 119, "width": 187, "height": 250, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "obtained from the data analysis was 1.32 yr -1 . Estimation of the natural mortality rate of skipjack tuna based on Pauly's empirical equation found the value of 0.61yr -1 . Hence, the value of the fishing mortality rate (F) was 0.71 yr -1 . The mortality rate of skipjack tuna in the waters around Manokwari is dominated by fishing mortality. The exploitation rate (E) of skipjack was 0.54. Gulland (1983) suggests that optimum exploitation is when fishing mortality equals to natural mortality or when E equals to 0.5. Since E was larger than 0.5, it suggests that there was tendency of overexploitation of skipjack stock in the water around Manokwari. The biological parameters of skipjack tuna used as inputs in the SPR analysis are presented in Table 2.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 385, "width": 187, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. The value of the biological parameters used in the LB-SPR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 410, "width": 176, "height": 144, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "analysis Parameter Value Source M/K 0.813 Present study L∞ (mm) 792.75 Present study Lm50 (mm) 413.00 Yonvitner et al. (2021) Lm95 (mm) 522.40 Fishbase.se", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 568, "width": 187, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Hordyk et al (2015) a small M/K value indicates the population is dominated by large fish. Therefore, the M/K value of 0.81 obtained from this study can be interpreted as the stock condition that is dominated by large fish, because the average skipjack caught is more than 500 mm in size. This is supported by selectivity and maturity curves which show that the size of the caught fish is larger than the size of the first spawning fish (Figure 5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 248, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Selectivity and maturity curves of skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 312, "width": 187, "height": 111, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the SPR analysis obtained an estimated SPR value of 16%, lower than the reference limit (20%), as shown in Figure 6. The SPR value can be an illustration of the number of eggs (spawn) produced relative to conditions where there is no exploitation activity, if the utilization rate continues in the long term (Powers, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 593, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. Estimated spawning potential ratio (SPR) of skipjack stock caught in the waters around Manokwari water", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 187, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the utilization rate analysis which show a value higher than the optimum utilization level and an SPR value lower than the reference level limit of 20% are indication of overfishing and low reproductive potential of skipjack tuna resources. Therefore, efforts are needed to control fishing effort and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "increase the selectivity of fishing gear so that skipjack tuna resources are maintained, especially to avoid recruitment overfishing in which the fisheries caught more fish that are ready to spawn (spawning stock) or gonadal mature fish.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 381, "top": 188, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 206, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. The total length of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the waters around Manokwari varies, ranging in size from 260 mm to 760 mm with an average of 540-595 mm.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 270, "width": 187, "height": 136, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. The relationship between length and weight of skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari followed the equation W = 0.00006L 2.77 . 3. The growth model of skipjack tuna followed the growth equation Lt = 792.75 (1-e -0.75(t + 0.0254) ). 4. The utilization rate of skipjack tuna in the waters around Manokwari was 0.54, which was higher than the optimum utilization rate. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 409, "width": 169, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "estimated SPR was 16% which was below the lower limit of reference point.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 381, "top": 460, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 478, "width": 188, "height": 268, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Azmi, A., Agarwadkar, Y., Bhattacharya, M., Apte, M., Inamdar, A. (2015). Indicator based ecological health analysis using chlorophyll and sea surface temperature along with fish catch data off Mumbai Coast. Turkish J. Of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15:923-930. Bal, D.V., Rao, K.V. (1984). Marine Fisheries. NewDelhi: Tata Mc.Graw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. BPS Manokwari Regency. (2020). Manokwari Regency in Figures. Central Bureau of Statistics. Manokwari. 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26944abf-cc96-4ef5-06ac-88447389dad7	https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/download/269/168	[ { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1288", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 85, "width": 439, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 131, "width": 172, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salman Akira Togi 1 , Ima Mayasari 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 152, "width": 339, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2 Universitas Indonesia Correspondent author : [email protected] DKI Jakarta - Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 200, "width": 43, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 213, "width": 456, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this writing is to find out the Realization Of Coal Domestic Market Bondage Policy In 2018-2022. The approach used in this research is post positivism with qualitative data collection. The research results show that the realization of DMO absorption from 2018-2022 can be considered not good. Moreover, in 2021 and 2022, the annual production plan in 2021 is 625 million tons, and the DMO is 137.5 million tons, but it has not been completely absorbed, from the data obtained until the beginning of 2022, the DMO target in 2021 is only only reached 21%, from the target of 22%. PLN faces a coal deficit in early 2022 and threatens 10 million families with the potential to lose electricity in early 2022. In an effort to overcome this coal deficit, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has implemented an export ban policy on all coal companies in Indonesia . The long step is to include additional clauses for mining companies to be more compliant with the policy so that they do not choose to pay fines.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 368, "width": 283, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Coal; Domestic Market Obligation; Public Policy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 392, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 404, "width": 456, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penulisan inia dalah untuk mengetahui Realisasi Kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation Batubara Pada Tahun 2018-2022. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post positivism dengan pengumpulan data kualitatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 441, "width": 456, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa realisasi penyerapan DMO dari tahun 2018-2022, bisa dianggap tidak baik. Terlebih lagi pada tahun 2021 dan 2022, dengan rencana produksi tahunan pada tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 625 juta ton, dan DMO sebesar 137,5 juta ton, namun belum terserap secara sempurna, dari data yang didapat hingga awal tahun 2022 target DMO pada tahun 2021 hanya mencapai 21% saja, dari yang sudah ditargetkan yaitu 22%. PLN menghadapi defisit batubara pada awal tahun 2022 dan mengancam 10 juta keluarga berpotensi padam listrik diawal tahun 2022. Sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi defisit batubara tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia melalu Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) memberlakukan kebijakan pelarangan ekspor kepada seluruh perusahaan batubara di Indonesia. Langkah panjangnya adalah memuat klausul-klausul tambahan untuk perusahaan pertambangan agar semakin taat dengan kebijakan sehingga tidak memilih membayar denda .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 600, "width": 333, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Batubara; Domestic Market Obligation; Kebijakan Publik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 748, "width": 411, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index Journal Publicuho is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023 1289", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 130, "width": 456, "height": 233, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batubara sebagai salah satu komoditas kekayaan Indonesia, merupakan salah satu sumber daya tak terbarukan yang seyogyanya dimanfaatkan dan diterima hasilnya untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia. Sumbangsih batubara terhadap bauran energi nasional bahkan mencapai 65%. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari jumlah pembangkit listrik tenaga uap yang mencapai 78 PLTU tersebar di Indonesia. Dalam rangka pengalokasian guna memenuhi kebutuhan kelistrikan nasional, Kementerian Energi Sumber Daya dan Mineral (ESDM) merencanakan kuota batubara untuk kelistrikan sebesar 144,1 juta ton dengan volume alokasi batubara sebesar 122,5 juta ton. Hingga tahun 2025, sektor listrik melalui PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) masih menjadi yang terbesar sebagai pengguna batubara dalam negeri, dengan masing-masing kebutuhan per tahunnya, tahun 2022 sebesar 119 juta ton, tahun 2023 sebesar 126 juta ton, tahun 2024 sebesar 140 juta ton, dan tahun 2025 mencapai 128 juta ton. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan kegiatan pertambangan batubara dalam negeri penting untuk dikawal dalam sisi implementasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 369, "width": 450, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Sebaran Penunjang GDP dari bahan komoditas pertambangan pada tahun 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 659, "width": 456, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara historis pemerintah Indonesia telah membuat berbagai kebijakan terkait pengelolaan pertambangan batubara. Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menjadi landasan konstitusional dalam pengelolaan pertambangan di Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1967 tentang Ketentuan-Ketentuan Pokok Pertambangan. Undang-Undang ini merupakan bentuk upaya pemerintah dalam membuat instrumen hukum guna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1290", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 456, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memperjelas organisasi pertambangan, penguasaan wilayah pertambangan hingga tata cara mendapatkan kuasa pertambangan. Namun demikian, Undang-Undang ini belum membahas tentang pengaturan porsi produksi batubara di Indonesia, alokasi untuk bidang apa saja, besaran harga, dan batas besaran ekspor untuk setiap perusahaan, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa Undang-Undang yang dibuat belum cukup untuk mengontrol pemanfaatan batubara di dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 195, "width": 456, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dihadapi pemerintah dalam mengontrol pemanfaatan batubara dalam negeri, pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk mengutamakan dan menjaga kebutuhan nasional terhadap batubara, dengan merumuskan kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation (DMO). Kebijakan ini merupakan langkah kongkrit untuk mengamankan pasokan batubara guna mengutamakan kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 306, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebijakan DMO ini diharapakan mampu menjamin ketersediaan batubara agar lebih terkendali. Kebijakan DMO muncul pertama kali pada tahun 2009 melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara dan Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 34 Tahun 2009 tentang Pengutamaan Pemasokan Kebutuhan Mineral Dan Batubara Untuk Kepentingan Dalam Negeri. Kedua peraturan ini menjelaskan mekanisme pelaporan realisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan domestik setiap tiga bulan sekali yaitu pada akhir bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember. Selain itu, peraturan yang ada juga mengatur adanya sanksi administratif bagi perusahaan yang tidak dapat memenuhi porsi kebutuhan domestik melalui skema DMO dengan alasan yang tidak dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 471, "width": 456, "height": 178, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, untuk memperkuat kebijakan DMO, pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, dimana pada BAB VII Pasal 84 sampai dengan Pasal 92 dilakukan pengaturan mengenai pengutamaan kepentingan dalam negeri, pengendalian produksi, dan pengendalian penjualan mineral dan batubara. Realisasi kebijakan DMO yang ditunjang oleh regulasi pada tahun 2009 dan 2014 nampaknya belum dapat menjawab permasalahan kurangnya pemenuhan kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri, pasalnya hingga tahun 2014 penggunaan batubara dalam negeri hanya sekitar 20% saja, sisanya diekspor ke berbagai negara di Asia maupun luar Asia. Salah satu negara tujuan eksporbatubara Indonesia terbesar adalah negeri Tiongkok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023 1291", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 166, "top": 110, "width": 292, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Sebaran Wilayah Kerja Pertambangan Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 456, "height": 214, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut, pemerintah mengatur Harga Batubara Acuan (HBA) sebagai harga jual batubara untuk penyediaan tenaga listrik untuk kepentingan umum sebesar USD 70 (HBA) yang berlaku untuk tahun 2018 dan tahun 2019, dengan jumlah volume penjualan batubara paling banyak 100 juta metrik ton per tahun. Penetapan HBA USD 70 ini, juga didasari atas kondisi PLN yang tidak sanggup menanggung beban subsidi listrik apabila harus membeli harga batubara sesuai dengan harga batubara yang ada di pasar global. Harapannya dengan menetapkan HBA USD 70 untuk penyediaan listrik nasional dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomis bagi PLN. Sebelum dilaksanakannya kebijakan HBA USD 70, pemerintah menggunakan sistem kuota DMO bagi setiap perusahaan batubara. Pada sistem kuota ini apabila terdapat perusahaan batubara yang tidak memenuhi kuota karena kondisi kualitas batubara yang tidak sesuai, dapat membeli kuota DMO dari perusahaan batubara lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 456, "height": 178, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahun 2020, diterbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara yang mengubah beberapa pengaturan guna menyelesaikan permasalahan seperti peningkatan nilai tambah mineral dan batubara serta kondisi aktual yang tidak lagi sesuai dengan kebutuhan hukum yang ada. Beberapa perubahan yang dilakukan antara lain konsep Wilayah Hukum Pertambangan; kewenangan pengelolaan Minerba; penugasan kepada lembaga riset negara, BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara), BUMD (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah), atau Badan Usaha untuk melakukan penyelidikan dan penelitian dalam rangka penyiapan WIUP; penguatan peran BUMN; serta perizinan untuk pertambangan rakyat dan penguatan kebijakan terkait pengelolaan lingkungan hidup pada kegiatan usaha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1292", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 458, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertambangan, termasuk pelaksanaan reklamasi dan pascatambang.Selain itu, dilakukan pengaturan kembali terkait kebijakan peningkatan nilai tambah mineral dan batubara, divestasi saham, pembinaan dan pengawasan aktivitas pertambangan. UU ini menjadi landasan bagi Keptusan Menteri ESDM Nomor 139. K/HK.02/MEM.B/2021 tentang Pemenuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 159, "width": 456, "height": 196, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan Batubara Dalam Negeri yang menetapkan Perusahaan Pertambangan wajib memenuhi DMO sebesar minimal 25% dari rencana produksi (kelistrikan umum dan non kelistirkan umum). IUP, IUPK dan PKP2B wajib memenuhi DMO sebesar 25% produksi perusahaan yang disetujui melalui Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Biaya (RKAB), harga jual batubara untuk kelistrikan umum sebesar USD70/ton serta sanksi pelarangan ekspor, denda dan dana kompensasi. UU tersebut juga menjadi landasan bagi terbitnya Keputusan Menteri ESDM Nomor: 13.K/HK.021/MEM.B/2022 tentang Pedoman Pengenaan Sanksi Administratif, Pelarangan Penjualan Batubara ke Luar Negeri, dan Pengenaan Denda serta Dana Kompensasi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Batubara Dalam Negeri, yang mengatur sanksi administratif bagi perusahaan pertambangan yang tidak memenuhi DMO atau kontrak dalam negeri yang memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 367, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 387, "width": 459, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post positivism dengan pengumpulan data kualitatif. Tujuan penggunaan pendekatan post positivism dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pemahaman komprehensif dan mendalam terhadap suatu fenomena yang dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam. Creswell (2010) berargumen bahwa berkembangnya pengetahuan dalam pandangan post positivis menggunakan observasi dan pengujian terhadap objek. Dengan pendekatan penelitian ini, peneliti dapat melihat langsung kondisi di lapangan dan melakukan interaksi secara langsung terhadap aktor-aktor yang mempunyai peranan dalam kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation batubara di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 559, "width": 133, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 579, "width": 455, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagian Penelitian mengenai implementasi kebijakan batubara telah beberapa kali dilakukan, salah satunya oleh Hambali pada tahun 2016 dalam Penelitiannya yang berjudul Implementasi Kebijakan Pertambangan Mineral dan Batuan di Kecamatan Banawa Kabupaten Donggala yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Van Metter dan Van Horn dengan tujuan penelitian ingin menganalisa proses implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan tambang mineral dan batu bara belum terwujud dengan baik di Kecamatan Banawa Kabupaten Donggala. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa hasil penelitian yang mengatakan bahwa ada enam dimensi sesuai teori Van Meter dan Van Horn dan kondisinya tidak maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023 1293", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal sesuai dengan teori implementasi Mirelee Grindle (Grindle, 2017) kemudian digunakan pada dua level:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pertama, akan terlihat secara umum bagaimana implementasi kebijakan yang dikaji menjawab pertanyaan “apa yang terjadi” dan “bagaimana”. Grindle mengatakan, proses implementasi kebijakan perlu melihat proses kebijakan hingga tingkat program tertentu dan alokasi pendanaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kedua, untuk membantu menjelaskan temuan tahap pertama yaitu menjawab pertanyaan “mengapa”, dilihat bagaimana interaksi proses implementasi dengan hal -hal yang secara umum menurut Grindle menentukan keberhasilan kebijakan, yaitu isi kebijakan dan konteks implementasinya. Selanjutnya, kajian implementasi model implementasi kebijakan menurut Van Meter dan Van Horn (Markulis, 1985) yang menggunakan enam (6) indikator implementasi kebijakan, yaitu: (1) standar kebijakan dan tujuan; (2) sumber daya; (3) karakteristik organisasi pelaksana; (4) komunikasi antar organisasi terkait pelaksanaan kegiatan; (5) sikap pelaksana dan (6) lingkungan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik (Ode et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 386, "width": 455, "height": 380, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian lain mengenai impelementasi kebijakan dilakukan oleh Anggraeni Respitawulan pada tahun pada tahun 2019 dalam tesisnya yang berjudul Analisis Impelementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan Pada Direktorat Jenderal Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi. Penelitian mengenai implementasi kebijakan telah banyak dilakukan, namun penelitian tentang kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation batubara di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan sehingga penelitian ini mempunyai novelty dalam penggunaan teori dan objek penelitian dari sisi kebijakan publik. Argumentasi penulis dalam menggunakan teori ini selain alasan tersebut diatas adalah bahwa teori yang dikemukakan oleh Van Metter dan Van Horn dan Teori Korten, sesuai dengan kondisi permasalahan. Teori ini juga mampu mengelaborasi berbagai dimensi yang mempengaruhi kebijakan. Namun pada teori ini mempunyai lingkup bahasan lebih luas yang menggambarkan isi kebijakan tidak sebatas pada kebijakan itu tetapi dijelaskan juga mengenai bagaimana proses terjadinya kebijakan serta pelibatan aktor-aktor yang akan terpengaruh dan berpengaruh terhadap jalannya implementasi kebijakan. Teori Van Metter dan Van Horn juga mampu memotret permasalahan dalam kebijakan itu dengan dan multi dimensi. David Easton pada tahun 2009 juga mengatakan bahwa definisi kebijakan publik sebagai “the autorative allocation of values for the whole society”. Menurut William Dunn pada tahun 1990 menyatakan bahwa isu kebijakan adalah produk atau fungsi dari telah tersedianya perdebatan tidak memihak tentang definisi, rincian, penjelasan maupun penilaian atas suatu masalah tertentu. Namun tak seluruh isu dapat masuk menjadi suatu acara kebijakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1294", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 455, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Jones (1991) dalam La Ode Muhammad Elwan, (2011: 18) menjelaskan bahwa Implementasi kebijakan mudah dimengerti secara teoritik dan konseptual, namun tidak senantiasa demikian dalam bentuknya yang kongkrit, karena pelaksanaannya secara nyata bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah (Supriadin et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 159, "width": 455, "height": 251, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebijakan publik bukan merupakan proses yang instan, tetapi melewati berbagai tahap untuk menghasilkan produk kebijakan yang dianggap komprehensif sesuai dengan asas demokrasi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan. Pembuatan kebijakan publik sesuai tahapan mulai dari kemunculan masalah, perumusan, implementasi dan evaluasi yang menjadi suatu keseluruhan proses manajemen secara umum. Knoepel, et al (2007) mengatakan bahwa kebijakan publik dimulai dari munculnya suatu permasalahan akibat ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap keadaan saat ini, permasalahan tersebut kemudian disaring oleh aktor publik. berdasarkan skala prioritasnya melalui agenda setting. Pemilihan solusi permasalahan dalam formulation of alternatives mempertimbangkan tujuan, instrumen dan prosedur dalam suatu kebijakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Kebijakan tersebut kemudian diadopsi oleh instansi berwenang untuk diimplementasikan. Dalam tahap implementasi permasalahan yang dihadapi lebih kompleks karena situasi konkret. Pada tahap evaluasi bertujuan untuk mengukur pencapaian hasil dan efek dari kebijakan yang telah dibuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 416, "width": 455, "height": 178, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya permasalahan tersebut dipersepsikan oleh pemerintah dan swasta sebagai suatu keadaan yang harus diselesaikan dengan pembatasan masalah melalui proses agenda setting. Dalam tahap formulation of alternative dilakukan pengumpulan data dan informasi yang terkait dengan permasalahan yang ingin diselesaikan untuk memperoleh alternatif-alternatif kebijakan. Dari beberapa alternatif tersebut dipilih satu kebijakan untuk diadopsi pemerintah. Pada tahap implementasi kebijakan dilaksanakan melalui dukungan sumber daya dan lingkungan untuk menghasilkan kinerja kebijakan. Pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut dievaluasi untuk mengetahui kebermanfaatan kebijakan dan sebagai bahan rekomendasi kebijakan masa mendatang. Hasil evaluasi tersebut memungkinkan terciptanya permasalahan baru yang dapat melahirkan kebijakan lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 600, "width": 455, "height": 159, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, terdapat teori yang diajukan Grindle (2017) melalui teori implementasi kebijakan dimana teori ini menjelaskan bahwa implementasi merupakan sebuah proses politik dan administratif. Implementasi kebijakan dijelaskan oleh Grindle sebagai sebuah proses uumum yang dilakukan oleh pemerintahan dan pihak swasta dalam mencapai suatu tujuan. Grindle (2017) menjelaskan pula bahwa karakteristik implementasi kebijakan harus didasarkan pada pembuat kebijakan, pengguna kebijakan, dan pelaku implementasi kebijakannya. Grindle membagi dua variabel utama dalam implementasi kebijakan yang berpengaruh, yaitu konten dan konteks kebijakan. Variabel konten kebijakan terdiri dari enam komponen:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023 1295", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 110, "width": 437, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pihak-pihak yang kepentingannya akan berdampak pada kebijakan: Keputusan suatu kebijakan akan berdampak pada kelompok berkepentingan tertentu sehingga muncul reaksi dari mereka dan memunculkan perlawanan karena mengubah status quo.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 183, "width": 437, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Jenis-jenis keuntungan yang didapatkan: Suatu kebiijakan yang di implentasikan memberikan manfaat kolektif bagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat sehingga memperbesar kepatuhan kelompok tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 239, "width": 437, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Perubahan yang divisi-kan/diekspektasikan: Perubahan perilaku aktor dalam implementasi kebijakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 275, "width": 437, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Kedudukan decision-making: Implementasi kebijakan akan semakin sulit apabila pengambil keputusan tersebar secara organisasi atau geografi sehingga mempertebal lapisan structural.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 437, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Implementator program: Aktor yang melaksanakan kebijakan bisa ditentukan pada struktur birokrasi dengan kapasitasnya masing-masing. Institusi/organisasi yang aktor implementasinya berkapasitas secara keahlian atau dedikasi akan memudahkan implementasi kebijakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 404, "width": 437, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Sumber daya yang tersedia: Sumber daya yang memadai, baik secara manusia atau lainnya, akan menunjang keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 404, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain dari konten kebijakan, terdapat pula tiga komponen dari konteks kebijakan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 459, "width": 437, "height": 123, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kekuatan, kepentingan, dan strategi para aktor yang berperan: Terdapat aktor-aktor yang berkepentingan berbeda, bertentangan, apa yang ditetapkannya, posisi strategis, dll. Aktor implementasi kebijakan memiliki ketertarikan, kekuatan, dan strategi sehingga mempengaruhi jalannya implementasi. Ketertarikan/kepentingan akan mengarahkan impelementasi. Faktor kekuatan aktor akan mempengaruhi kinerja anggota organisasi dalam implementasi kebijakan. Strategi harus ditetapkan untuk mempercepat implementasi dan mengejar efisiensi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 588, "width": 437, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Karakteristik institusi dan rezim: Perbedaan karakter institusi atau rezim berpengaruh pada penerimaan dan kepatuhan institusi tersebut kepada kebijakan yang diterapkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 643, "width": 437, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kepatuhan dan responsivitas: Kepatuhan dapat terwujud apabila aktor memahami maksud dan tujuan implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Kepatuhan akan menunjang berhasilnya implementasi. Responsivitas aktor pada tahap implementasi akan memudahkan anggota organisasi untuk mendapatkan informasi untuk kebutuhan evaluasi implementasi kebijakan yang dilaksanakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 455, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia sendiri sebenarnya banyak sekali kebijakan yang sudah pemerintah buat untuk mengelola sumber daya alam batubara dan mineral. Sesuai dengan isi UUD 1945 pasal 33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1296", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 455, "height": 196, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ayat 3. Batubara yang merupakan salah satu komoditas utama kekayaan Indonesia yang tentu saja merupakan sumber daya tak terbarukan harus dimanfaatkan dan diterima hasilnya untuk masyarakat Indonesia. Secara historis setelah muncul UUD 1945 Pasal 33 ayat 3, kemudian pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan peratuaran tentang pokok-pokok pertambangan yaitu Undang-Undang No.11 tahun 1967, ini merupakan usaha pemerintah untuk membuat instrumen hukum untuk memperjelas organisasi pertambangan, penguasaan wilayah pertambangan hingga tata cata mendapatkan kekuasaan pertambangan. Regulasi ini belum membahas tentang pengaturan porsi-porsi produksi batubara di Indonesia, serta alokasinya untuk bidang-bidang apa saja, besaran harga, batas-batas besaran ekspor untuk tiap perusahaan, jadi dapat dibilang regulasi yang dibuat belum cukup untuk dipakai pengontrolan pemanfaatan batubara di dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 455, "height": 270, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari itu pemanfaatan batubara dalam negeri belum tertata dengan baik, sehingga pemanfaatan untuk keperluan domestik terhambat Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk mengutamakan dan menjaga kebutuhan nasional terhadap batubara, pemerintah membuat kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation (DMO). Kebijakan ini merupakan langkah kongkrit untuk mengamankan pasokan batubara untuk keperluan batubara dalam negeri. DMO telah muncul pertama kali yaitu pada tahun 2009, yaitu ketika muncul Peraturan Menteri ESDM No.34 Tahun 2009 yang berisi pengutamaan pemasokan kebutuhan mineral dan batubara untuk kepentingan dalam negeri. Sesuai dengan isi peraturan tersebut, pada pasal 2 ayat 1 tertera bahwa “ Badan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara harus mengutamakan pemasokan kebutuhan mineral dan batubara untuk kepentingan dalam negeri.”, serta ditekankan kembali pada Pasal 3 ayat 1 berisi “ Dalam rangka pengutamaan pemasokan kebutuhan mineral dan batubara untuk kepentingan dalam negeri sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 Badan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara wajib menjual mineral atau batubara yang diproduksinya kepada Pemakai Mineral atau Pemakai Batubara.” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 563, "width": 455, "height": 196, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari peraturan ini juga dijelaskan mekanisme pelaporan realisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan domestik setiap 3 bulan sekali yaitu yaitu pada akhir bulan Maret, bulan Juni, bulan September, dan bulan Desember. Bagi perusahaan yang tidak dapat memenuhi pemenuhan porsi domestik dengan alasan yang tidak dapat diterima, pemerintah juga menyediakan sanksi administratif. Lalu untuk memperkuat kebijakan DMO, kebijakan pada tahun 2009 ditindak lanjuti dengan peraturan yang dibuat pada tahun 2014, yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010. Pada Pasal 184, yang berisi tentang pengutamaan untuk keperluan domestik, pengendalian produksi, penjualan minimal komoditas minerba. Harapannya dengan dua instrumen hukum ini bukan hanya terpenuhinya kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri, namun para perusahaan pertambangan dapat mengendalikan produksinya dengan optimal untuk dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Realisasi kebijakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023 1297", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 455, "height": 85, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DMO yang ditunjang oleh peratauran pemerintah pada tahun 2009 dan 2014 nampaknya belum dapat menjawab permasalahan kurangnya pemenuhan kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri. Kebutuhan batubara domestik tidak hanya diperlukan untuk energi listrik namun digunakan untuk beberapa industri dasar dan turunannya, seperti industri semen, gula dan juga lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 202, "width": 332, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Target dan Realisasi Serapan DMO Batubara (2018-2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 438, "width": 165, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Kementerian ESDM, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 456, "height": 307, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data Kementerian ESDM, perbandingan realisasi produksi, ekspor dan DMO batubara nasional dengan rencana DMO batubara tahun 2018-2022 di Indonesia seperti tercantum pada Gambar 1.1 dan Gambar 1.2, belum optimal. Rata-rata rasio penggunaan serapan DMO yang dipakai untuk kelistrikan per tiap tahunnya adalah 80% dari total serapan DMO secara keseluruhan yang telah direncanakan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan DMO yang sesuai akan memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap pemenuhan pasokan listrik nasional. Dari segi komitmen para stakeholder juga dapat dilihat bahwa pada tahun 2021 terdapat 105 perusahaan pertambangan terkena sanksi dari total 969 perusahaan yang melakukan kegiatan pertambangan dengan persetujuan RKAB tahun 2021, dengan total sanksi $ 2.000.000. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa belum optimalnya implementasi kebijakan DMO batubara di Indonesia. Pada awal tahun 2022, terdapat permasalahan dalam pasokan batubara nasional kepada PT. PLN dari perusahaan perusahaan pertambangan. Pada tanggal 31 Desember 2021, Direktur Utama PLN menjabarkan bahwa pasokan listrik pada akhir tahun 2021 sudah cukup siap dengan beban puncak untuk Jawa-Bali sebesar 23,5 GW, jika dibandingkan tahun lalu terdapat kelebihan 2 GW, artinya kebutuhan batubara telah terpenuhi. Namun nyatanya pada tanggal 1 Januari hingga 31 Januari 2022 pemerintah melarang seluruh perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1298", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "batubara untuk ekspor dan harus memberikan produksinya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestik yang belum terpenuhi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 130, "width": 456, "height": 416, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah berdikusi dengan narasumber yang berasal dari Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara terkait Domestic Market Obligation, narasumber memberikan penjelasan bahwa sebelum adanya kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation, Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan Business to Business antara PLN dengan masing-masing perusahaan pertambangan yang memiliki IUP. Dengan skema tersebut artinya pemenuhan listrik domestik oleh PLN dilakukan dengan membeli batubara dari IUP yang menjual sesuai harga HBA atau harga pasar yang berlaku. Skema tersebut membuat PLN dibebani HPP untuk memproduksi listrik domestik apabila ada kenaikan harga pasar batubara. Fungsi pemerintah didalam skema ini adalah sebagai monitor, tidak dapat memberikan denda ataupun hal lainnya apabila ada anomali dalam pemenuhan batubara untuk listrik nasional. Lalu setelah skema tersebut berjalan, dengan mempertimbangkan beban subsidi listrik PLN, pemerintah menerapkan domestic market obligation denga capping harga $70/ ton untuk penjualanan batubara 25% dari total produksi tahunan IUP kepada PLN untuk pemenuhan subsidi listrik nasional. Hal ini menimbulkan pro-kontra ketika dilaksanakan, banyak IUP yang melanggar. Pelanggaran dalam kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation diakibatkan disparitas harga pasar dengan harga Domestic Market Obligation. Pada tahun 2021, sempar tersiar kabar bahwa PLN defisit supply batubara untuk kebutuhan listrik yang mengakibatkan pemerintah melarang ekspor batubara, hal ini disebabkan karna kondisi harga batubara yang melonjak dari tahun 2020-2021 sehingga tidak ekonomis bagi para pelaku dunia usaha, ditambah lagi dengan adanya IUP yang tidak melaksanakan kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation.Pemerintah memiliki peran lebih dalam dibandingkan skema sebelum Domestic Market Obligation, saat ini pemerintah memiliki otoritas untuk memberikan denda kepada IUP yang melanggar kebijakan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 565, "width": 66, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 585, "width": 456, "height": 178, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mempertimbangkan besarnya tanggung jawab dan luasnya wilayah Indonesia dan juga potensi sumber daya batubara indonesia serta pentingnya pengamanan subsidi listrik masyrakat maka kebijakan DMO batubara Indonesia sudah seharusnya disempurnakan teknis pelaksanaannya, kerjasama antara stakekholder diperbaiki. Koordinasi antar stakeholder inti seperti Kementerian ESDM, Perusahaan Pertambangan dan PLN (BUMN). Tugas dan fungsi masing-masing stakeholder diperkuat dan dimonitoring dengan baik. Hal ini akan berdampak pada realisasi subsidi listrik kepada masyarakat, yang dimana harapannya apabila kebijakan DMO dilaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya maka serapan batubara domestik untuk keperluan listrik masyrakat akan tercukupi dengan baik sehingga PLN tidak terkendala. Secara short term, diperlukan diskusi dan sesi evaluasi antara seluruh stakeholder", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 \| Copyright©2023 1299", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terkait. Pembahasannya terkait realisasi aliran komunikasi dari awal kebijakan dijalankan hingga hari ini seperti apa realisasinya. Langkah panjangnya adalah memuat klausul-klausul tambahan untuk perusahaan pertambangan agar semakin taat dengan kebijakan sehingga tidak memilih membayar denda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 210, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 33, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Books:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biygautane, M. (2022). The Institutional Context of Public-Private Partnerships; Lessons from the Arab States of the Gulf Cooperation Council. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 285, "width": 455, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dunn, William. (2003). Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press. Edward, George C., III. (1980). Implementation Public Policy. Washington DC: Congresional Quarter Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 334, "width": 361, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gaspersz. (1990). Analisis Kuantitatif untuk Perencanaan. Bandung: Tarsito.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 455, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Grindle, M. S. (2017). Politics and Policy Implementation in the Third World. Princeton:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 364, "width": 125, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Princeton University Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 382, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nugroho, Riant. 2014. Metode Penelitian Kebijakan, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar Osborne, S. P. (2000). Public – Private Partnerships: Theory and Practice in International Perspective. London: Routledge.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 350, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Schmeer K. (2000). Stakeholder Analysis Guidelines. PHR, Abt Associates.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 449, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Weiss, C. H. (1998). Evalaution: Methods for Studying Programs and Policies. 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4b19ceb7-178a-c302-baa9-9f1d74608a9f	https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/download/53199/28581	[ { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 72, "width": 398, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Systemic Anti-inflammatory Activity of American Cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) Extract: A Molecular Docking Study", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 126, "width": 398, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Erfan Andrianto Aritonang 1* , Gunanti 2 , Rini Madyastuti Purwono 3 , Supriyono 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 153, "width": 241, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Master ’s Student of Animal Biomedical Science,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 166, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Division of Surgery and Radiology,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 180, "width": 189, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3 Subdivision of Veterinary Pharmacy,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 194, "width": 346, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4 Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology Jl. Agatis, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16680", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 228, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 270, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 471, "height": 205, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Surgery can trigger systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Periplaneta americana cockroach extract as an oral systemic anti-inflammatory agent using molecular docking. The molecular docking method consisted of five steps. The first step was preparing the TNF- α converting enzyme (TACE) receptor as a native ligand, dexamethasone as a control ligand, and three test ligands of Periplaneta americana cockroach extract. The second step was docking preparation. The third step was analyzing Gibbs free energy ( ∆ G) and root mean square deviation (RMSD). The fourth step was docking the test and control ligands with TACE. The fifth step was analyzing ∆G, inhibition constant (Ki), visualization of two- and three-dimensional interactions, percentage of binding site similarity (%BSS), and the rule of five (Ro5) on test ligands. The ∆G result s for the native, control, and test ligands 1, 2, and 3 were -12.8, -7.1, -7.7, -6.9, and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The Ki values for the native, control, and test ligands 1, 2, and 3 were 4.091, 6.205, 2.253, 9.521, and 2.507 µM, respectively. The results of the Ro5 analysis suggested that the three test ligands satisfied Lipinski ’s rule of five. This study concluded that Periplaneta americana cockroach extract is an effective oral systemic anti- inflammatory agent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 516, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keyword: American cockroach Periplaneta americana , molecular docking, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, TNF- α converting enzym", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 589, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 620, "width": 219, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Effective therapy management after surgery is critical due to the potential for complications, including", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 651, "width": 220, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS is a physiological, pathological, and biochemical abnormality that results from a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 589, "width": 219, "height": 123, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hyperinflammatory response to infection or non-infection (Kosyreva et al., 2020). The pathogenesis of SIRS after surgery begins with an acute phase reaction due to endothelial damage, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, bleeding, and cell damage in the surgical area. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "106", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "proinflammatory cytokines which trigger inflammation (Andriyono, 2019). If SIRS occurs and is not appropriately treated, it can lead to multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (Margraf et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 167, "width": 219, "height": 249, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that contributes to cellular immunity and inflammatory responses (Ramana, 2010) . TNF- α activation is triggered by the activity of the TNF- α converting enzyme (TACE), which is part of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM), a protein involved in the degradation of protein membranes during inflammatory processes (Chemaly et al., 2017). TACE is involved in TNF- α receptors 1 and 2. ADAM expression is increased in patients with sepsis, while TACE expression is increased in patients with ischemia, heart damage, arthritis, and impaired immunity (Delanghe & Speeckaert, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 219, "height": 265, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Research on the use of P. americana cockroaches as a raw material for medicinal drugs in Indonesia has never been conducted. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct this study. Previous studies have shown that P. americana cockroach extract has potential as an antitumor, immunity- booster, analgesic, tissue repair, and SIRS treatment (Zhang et al., 2016; Xue et al., 2020). This study used molecular docking to analyze the potential efficacy of P. americana cockroach extract as a treatment for systemic inflammation associated with postoperative SIRS. The test ligands analyzed in this study are three compounds with biological activity, namely 2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl- 1,3,4-oxadiazole;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 670, "width": 61, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2-amino-3,6-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 216, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; and 4,4'- (iminomethylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "or Auramine O (Ali et al., 2017). The results of this study can serve as a basis for further research in animal models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 135, "width": 162, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 166, "width": 219, "height": 406, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study used the TNF- α converting enzyme (TACE) receptor obtained under PDB ID of 3EWJ by means of X-ray crystallization. The receptor has a native ligand, (1S,3R,6S)-4-oxo-6-{4-[(2- phenylquinolin-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-1-carboxylic acid or carboxylate. The crystallization method used was X-ray diffraction with a resolution of 1.8 Armstrong (Guo et al., 2009) . The control ligand used was dexamethasone. The test ligands used were 2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl- 1,3,4-oxadiazole ( C 11 H 12 N 2 O 2 ) (test ligand 1), 2-Amino-3,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine (C 8 H 10 N 4 ) (test ligand 2), and 4,4'- (iminomethylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline) or Auramine O (C 17 H 22 ClN 3 ) (test ligand 3). The three-dimensional protein structures of the receptor and ligands were downloaded from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and RCSB PDB ( https://www.rcsb.org/ ). Docking was performed using the Vina method with Discovery Studio software (v17.2.0.16349), Autodocktools (v.1.5.6), and AutodockVina (v.1.5.6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 575, "width": 219, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study used the molecular docking method. The first step involved identifying native, control, and test ligands. The receptor and ligands were obtained from previous studies. The second step involved preparing the docking by removing water molecules and adding hydrogen molecules. The third step, which is validation, involved analyzing Gibbs free energy (∆G) values and root-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "107", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mean-square deviation (RMSD). The fourth step involved docking the test and control", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 222, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ligands ten times. Finally, the fifth step involved evaluating the quality of the model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 290, "width": 419, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 1. Three-dimensional visualization of TACE receptor (A) and native ligand (B)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 220, "height": 265, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The analysis and evaluation of the test ligands included the calculation of ∆G values and inhibition constant (Ki), visualization of interaction between ligands and receptor, analysis of percentage of binding site similarity (%BSS) and Lipinski ’s rule of five (Ro5) (http://www.scfbio- iitd.res.in/software/drugdesign/lipinski.js p). Ki values was calculated using the following equation: ∆G = RTInKi, where ∆G (kcal/mol), R (general gas constant) = 1.986 cal/MolK, and T (temperature, kelvin) = 298.15 K (Kalontong et al., 2022). The %BSS was calculated by dividing the number of amino acid residues of the native ligands by the number of amino acid residues of the control ligands and multiplying it by 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 614, "width": 159, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 645, "width": 220, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The resolution of the TACE receptor was less than 2.5 Amstrong, indicating a similarity to existing structures in the cells (Umamaheswari et al., 2013). In this study,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 331, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "the native ligand was removed so that the receptor was not bound to the native ligand.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 363, "width": 219, "height": 343, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The ∆G value s for the docking of the TACE receptor with native, control, and test ligands are presented in Table 1. The ∆G analyzed for carboxylate used the first conformation value, while the ∆G of control ligands and test ligands used the second conformation value (Trott & Olson, 2010). ∆G values indicate the strength of the bond between the ligand and the receptor. The more negative the ∆G value, the stronger the bond formed between the ligand and the receptor (Aziz, 2020). According to the results of ∆G values, carboxylate as a native ligand was found to have the most negative ∆G, indicating that the bond between carboxylate and the TACE receptor was the stronger compared to dexamethasone and three test ligands. Moreover, the comparison between the test and control ligands found that the bonds between test ligands 2 and 3 and the TACE receptor were stronger compared to dexamethasone.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 144, "width": 212, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "108", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 343, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 1. Variables of interaction between ligands and TACE receptors", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 91, "width": 459, "height": 340, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variable Native ligand Control ligand Test ligands 1 2 3 ∆ G (kcal/mol) -12.8 -7.1 -7.7 -6.9 -9.0 Ki (μM) 4.844 6.205 2.451 8.701 2.773 Hydrogen bond of amino acid residues TYR 436 ALA439 PRO437 ILE438 - PRO437 TYR433 Bond distance (Å) 3.26532 2.33712 2.82928 3.18029 - 3.75413 2.69547 Hydrophobic bond of amino acid residues LYS432 HIS444, LYS432, LYS432, ILE438, VAL440 ILE438, ALA439, ALA439, ALA439, LEU348, LEU348 ALA439, HIS405, HIS405, ALA439, VAL402, HIS405, HIS415, LEU401, VAL434, ALA439 ALA439, HIS405, HIS405, LEU401, VAL434, VAL402, ALA439 LYS432, LEU401, ALA439 %BSS 100% 9% 0% 0% 9%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Note: Native ligand ((1S,3R,6S)-4-oxo-6-{4-[(2-phenylquinolin-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-5-azaspiro [2.4] heptane-1-carboxylic acid or carboxylate), control ligand (dexamethasone), test ligand 1 (2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole), test ligand 2 (2-amino-3,6- dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine), and test ligand 3 (4,4'-(iminomethylene)bis(N,N- dimethylaniline or Auramine O)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 527, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Furthermore, according on the results of Ki values, test ligand 3 was found to have the smallest value. Test ligands 1 and 3 had smaller Ki values compared to carboxylate and dexamethasone, indicating their superior ability to inhibit the TACE receptor. The calculation of Ki aims to predict the inhibitory potential of a compound on its receptors, with a smaller Ki value indicating a stronger ability to inhibit receptors (Umamaheswari et al., 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 527, "width": 219, "height": 185, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The percentage of binding site similarity (%BSS) was used to analyze the ability of the TACE receptor to interact with the ligands. Amino acid residues with similar active sites can potentially affect the function of the receptor upon ligand binding (Ferdian et al., 2021). The results of this study found that the similar active sites between the native, control, test ligands were ILE438 (control ligand) and LYS432 (test ligand 3) (Table 1). The %BSS value of test ligand 3 was similar to that of the control ligand.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "109", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 123, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figures 2 and 3 shows the visualization of the receptor and ligands. The ligands are represented by the blue area, while the active site of the TACE receptor interacting with the ligands is represented by the orange area. The bonds were analyzed for their ability to interact. Despite the distance between the receptor and ligands, hydrogen bonding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 123, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "could occur because it is strong enough to facilitate interaction between the ligands and receptor. A hydrophobic bond is a reflection of the stability of the bond between the ligands and receptor. Based on the analysis of bond interaction, this study found that the control ligand had more hydrogen bonds than the test ligands.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 468, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 2. Visualization of interaction between TACE and two-dimensional (A) and three- dimensional (B) control ligands", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 471, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 3. Visualization of interaction between TACE two-dimensional (A) and three-dimensional (B) test ligands", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 616, "width": 219, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The results of the analysis of Lipinski ’s rule of five (Ro5) were used to predict the bioavailability of ligand molecules tested with orally administered drug compounds. A drug candidate is considered suitable for oral administration if it meets at least four of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 616, "width": 219, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "five criteria, namely molar mass of less than 500 Daltons, high lipophilicity (LogP < 5), hydrogen bond donor of less than 5, hydrogen bond acceptor of less than 10, and molar refractivity between 40 and 130 (Lipinski, 2004; Jayaram et al., 2012). The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 242, "width": 217, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A B A B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "results of Ro5 analysis on the test ligands found that they met all Ro5 criteria, suggesting that the ligands in P. americana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "cockroach extract had good bioavailability and was suitable for oral administration (Table 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 135, "width": 398, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 2. Analysis of Lipinski’s rule of five in three test ligands Criteria of Ro5 Test ligand 1 Test ligand 2 Test ligand 3 Molar mass (Dalton) 204 162 267 Lipophilicity (LogP) 2.5238 0.858920 3.234769 Hydrogen donor bonding 0 2 1 Acceptor hydrogen bonding 4 3 3 Molar refractivity 55.497990 47.658398 87.468674 Note: Test ligand 1 (2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole), test ligand 2 (2- amino-3,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine), test ligand 3 (4,4'- (iminomethylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline or Auramine O)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 338, "width": 219, "height": 107, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dexamethasone was used as a control ligand in this study. It is a corticosteroid drug commonly administered orally or injected to humans and animals. Its extensive drug activity includes glucocorticoid replacement therapy for patients with adrenal gland insufficiency, anti-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 219, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "inflammation, and immunosuppressant. Dexamethasone is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 479, "width": 61, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "in acute", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 495, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "inflammatory responses (Baniadam et al., 2021; Kaka et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 557, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 587, "width": 220, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study concluded that Peiplaneta americana cockroach extract was effective as an oral systemic anti-inflammatory agent after surgery, according to the results of the molecular docking that analyzed Gibbs free energy, inhibition constant, and Lipinski's rule of five.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 338, "width": 137, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "APPROVAL OF ETHICAL COMMISSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 383, "width": 219, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study did not require an ethical clearance as it did not involve experimental animals and was conducted using only computational methods .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 395, "top": 477, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 507, "width": 219, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ali, S., R. 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abc1e477-eaf5-a1ff-0a16-efd36db90934	https://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/article/download/1874/1020	[ { "left": 398, "top": 43, "width": 147, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023) E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 674, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "173", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 413, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yanti, F., Fauziah, F., Ridoh, A., & Tris Susanti, D. (2024). PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH 8 PADA MATA PELAJARAN SIMULASI KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Informasi (JIPTI), 5(1), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.52060/jipti.v5i1.1874", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 346, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 103, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH 8 PADA MATA PELAJARAN SIMULASI KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 147, "width": 290, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fitri Yanti 1* , Fauziah 2 , Ahmad Ridoh 3 , Desi Tri Susanti 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 160, "width": 222, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Muhammadiyah Muaro Bungo 1234", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 176, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 208, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 249, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan observasi lapangan, pembelajaran di kelas dilakukan dengan menggunakan papan tulis dan PowerPoint sederhana. Dari situ, peneliti mencetuskan ide untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash 8 guna mengatasi kejenuhan dan kebosanan siswa dalam belajar. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE, terdiri dari tahapan: (1) Analysis (analisis), (2) Design (desain), (3) Development (pengembangan), (4) Implementation (implementasi), dan (5) Evaluation (evaluasi). Namun, penelitian ini hanya sampai tahap implementasi, sehingga evaluasi dilakukan sebagai bagian dari kegiatan implementasi. Penelitian pengembangan ini telah melewati beberapa uji, yaitu: (1) Uji validitas, dengan hasil sebesar 0,86 (aspek rekayasa perangkat lunak), 0,79 (aspek komunikasi visual), dan 0,88 (aspek pembelajaran) dengan kategori valid. (2) Uji praktikalitas, didasarkan pada respons guru dan siswa dengan nilai presentase berturut-turut sebesar 92,59% dan 96,02%, dengan kategori praktis. (3) Uji efektivitas, hasil tes secara klasikal mencapai 85% di atas KKM, dan analisis data uji t berpasangan menunjukkan peningkatan antara pretest dan posttest sebesar 2,299. Berdasarkan hasil uji, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 valid, praktis, dan efektif, serta dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Media Pembelajaran, Macromedia flash 8 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 537, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 471, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Based on field observations, classroom learning was conducted using a blackboard and simple PowerPoint. From there, researchers came up with the idea to develop learning media using Macromedia Flash 8 to overcome students' boredom and boredom in learning. The type of research conducted is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model, consisting of stages: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. However, this research only reached the implementation stage, so the evaluation was conducted as part of the implementation activities. This development research has passed several tests, namely: (1) Validity test, with results of 0.86 (software engineering aspects), 0.79", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "174", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(visual communication aspects), and 0.88 (learning aspects) with valid categories. (2) Practicality test, based on teacher and student responses with a percentage value of 92.59% and 96.02% respectively, with a practical category. (3) Effectiveness test, classical test results reached 85% above the KKM, and paired t test data analysis showed an increase between pretest and posttest of 2.299. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that Macromedia Flash 8 learning media is valid, practical, and effective, and can be used to improve student learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 180, "width": 310, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords : Development, Learning Media, Macromedia flash 8 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 211, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 238, "width": 219, "height": 264, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemanfaatan kemajuan bidang teknologi informasi memberikan tantangan pada dunia pendidikan, khususnya dalam proses belajar mengajar. Dalam Undang - undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No. 20 tahun 2003, ternyata telah disadari penerimaan pengakuan bahwa sudah bukan masanya mengandalkan pendekatan konvensional saja dalam menyelenggarakan sistem pendidikan nasional. Penyelenggara pendidikan bukan hanya di ruang tertutup dengan buku dan pendidik. Revolusi teknologi informasi telah mengubah cara kerja manusia mulai dari cara berkomunikasi, cara memproduksi, cara mengkoordinasi, cara berpikir, hingga cara belajar dan mengajar menggunakan media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 222, "height": 186, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Media adalah teknologi pembawa pesan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan pembelajaran. Media merupakan alat bantu yang dapat memudahkan pekerjaan. Menurut (Mustaqim, 2017) media merupakan wadah dari pesan yang oleh sumber atau penyalurnya ingin diteruskan kepada sasaran atau penerima pesan tersebut, dan materi yang ingin disampaikan adalah pesan pembelajaran, dan bahwa tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah terjadinya proses belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 223, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Khairani & Febrinal 2016) media pembelajaran adalah faktor yang dapat membantu keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah karena akan membantu guru dalam menyampaikan informasi kepada siswa ataupun sebaliknya (artinya media akan membantu guru dalam penyampaian materi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 362, "width": 219, "height": 186, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari pemaparan di atas,pengembangan media pembelajaran dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif metode untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik pada proses pembelajaran. Pengembangan media yang melibatkan interaktivitas antara peserta didik, materi, dan guru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun, pengembangan media pembelajaran perlu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan agar benar - benar dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 564, "width": 219, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran di SMKN 4 Bungo, khususnya pada mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital kelas X MM, guru belum menggunakan media pembelajaran yang dapat membantu menjelaskan materi pelajaran. Hal ini terlihat, ketika guru menjelaskan materi hanya menggunakan media papan tulis dan media presentasi powerpoint yang sederhana. Penyajian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "175", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "media powerpoint yang digunakan oleh guru, terlihat belum bisa menarik perhatian siswa untuk belajar. Penyajian media tersebut menyebabkan siswa tidak termotivasi dalam mengikuti pembelajaran di kelas, sehingga siswa kurang atau bahkan tidak memahami materi yang diberikan oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 219, "height": 281, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari pemaparan permasalahan di atas, pengembangan media pembelajaran dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif metode untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik pada proses pembelajaran. Pengembangan media yang melibatkan interaktivitas antara peserta didik, materi, dan guru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun, pengembangan media pembelajaran perlu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan agar benar-benar dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan. Kesesuaian media pembelajaran dapat memicu perhatian peserta didik untuk senantiasa fokus mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Selain itu, media pembelajaran dapat dijadikan bahan ajar mandiri bagi peserta didik yang berhalangan hadir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 483, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemanfaatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 219, "height": 201, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Macromedia flash 8 merupakan salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Kelebihan Macromedia flash 8 yaitu, Memiliki tampilan dan animasi yang menarik., Memfasilitasi peserta didik untuk terlibat aktif pada saat menggunakan media dengan melakukan input jawaban secara langsung, Mampu membuat website interaktif, karena pengguna dapat menggunakan keyboard atau mouse untuk berpindah ke bagian lain dari halaman web atau movie, memindahkan obyek dan memasukkan informasi ke form.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 327, "top": 96, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Jenis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 122, "width": 219, "height": 249, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Research and Development (R&D) yaitu penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan untuk menguji keefektifan produk tersebut (Sugiyono 2013: 297).Sedangkan menurut Nusa Putra (2015:67) secara sederhana R&D bisa didefinisikan sebagai metode penelitian yang secara sengaja, sistematis, bertujuan/diarahkan untuk mencari temukan, merumuskan, memperbaiki, mengembangkan, menghasilkan, menguji keefektifan produk, model, metode/ strategi/ cara, jasa, prosedur tertentu yang lebih unggul, baru, efektif, efisien, produktif, dan bermakna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 387, "width": 219, "height": 202, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE yang dikembangkan oleh Robert Maribe Branch, Berdasarkan landasan filosofi pendidikan penerapan ADDIE harus bersifat student center, inovatif, otentik dan inspiratif. Tahap-tahap proses dalam model ADDIE memiliki kaitan satu sama lain, Oleh karenanya penggunaan model ini perlu dilakukan secara bertahap dan menyeluruh untuk menjamin terciptanya suatu produk pembelajaran yang efektif (Branch 2009: 2).Langkah-langkah tersebut sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 707, "width": 203, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Model Pengembangan ADDIE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "176", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada pengembangan ini akan dilakukan sesuai prosedur yang telah dikembangkan Robert Maribe Branch, yang terdiri dari lima langkah. Kelima langkah tersebut adalah: Analysis (analisis),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "design(desain), development (pengembangan),", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 219, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "implementation (implementasi), evaluation (evaluasi). Berdasarkan langkah-langkah tersebut, dapat di jelaskan lebih rinci untuk mempermudah dalam memahaminya, yaitu sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 258, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Analysis (Analisis)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 219, "height": 186, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Langkah analisis terdiri atas dua tahap yaitu analisis kinerja (performance analysis) dan analisis kebutuhan (need analysis). Tahap pertama yaitu analisis kinerja melakukan observasi ke kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo untuk mengetahui dan mengklasifikasikan permasalahan yang dihadapi di sekolah berkaitan dengan pembelajaran, ternyata masih menggunakan papan tulis dan powerpoint sederhana sehingga terlihat belum bisa menarik perhatian siswa untuk belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 222, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap kedua adalah analisis kebutuhan yaitu menentukan media pembelajaran yang diperlukan oleh siswa yaitu media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan prestasi belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 606, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Design(Desain)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 219, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap kedua yaitu tahap pembuatan desain produk yang akan dikembangkan. Berikut tahapan pengembangan media:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 687, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Tahap Pengembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 154, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini telah melalui tahap uji validitas, uji praktikalitas, dan uji efektifitas. Pada uji coba validitas dilakukan dengan cara meminta pendapat kepada validator melalui angket. Dari uji coba validitas yang dilakukan, hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini valid digunakan sebagai salah satu alternative media pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 245, "width": 219, "height": 185, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji coba praktikalitas dilakukan dengan meminta pendapat guru mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital melalui angket. Dari uji coba praktikalitas didapatkan hasil bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini sangat praktis untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran. Uji coba efektifitas dilakukan dengan cara melihat perbandingan antara hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 447, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari uji coba efektifitas yang dilakukan memperoleh hasil bahwa, media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini merupakan salah satu media yang efektif untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 584, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Tahap Implementasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 610, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap berikutnya peniliti lakukan adalah Implementasi, dilakukan dengan cara mengirimkan file swf media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 ke siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo, selanjutnya siswa harus mendownload aplikasi Webgenie SWF & Flash Player di play store untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "177", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menjalankan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8. Untuk hasil praktikalitas yang didapatkan dari guru dan siswa dalam kategori “Praktis”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 219, "height": 107, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 ini merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital kelas X.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 270, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Development(Pengembangan)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 219, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap pengembangan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Tahap pengembangan yang dimaksud meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 372, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Tahap Validasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 219, "height": 217, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Validasi adalah proses untuk menguji kesesuaian media dengan kompetensi dasar yang menjadi tujuan belajar (Daryanto 2013:63). Validitas adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan tingkat kevalidan atau kesahihan suatu instrument. Dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran, uji valditas dimaksudkan untuk menguji sejauh mana media yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan. Pada tahap ini, proses validasi dilakukan dengan para ahli (validator) yang memiliki pengetahuan dan kompetensi sesuai dengan ilmu yang terkait dengan pengembangan yang dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 632, "width": 219, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun karakteristik validator yang memiliki relevansi dan dibutuhkan berdasarkan penelitian pengembangan ini yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 695, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Kualifikasi latar belakang pendidikan,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 352, "top": 74, "width": 192, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "doktoral dibidang pendidikan dan teknologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 106, "width": 220, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Pekerjaan dan profesi, dosen berasal dari perguruan tinggi dan berasal dari guru SMK yang memahami, mengajar atau pernah mengajar mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 185, "width": 221, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Ahli yang berkompeten mengenai media pembelajaran dan teknologi. Kegiatan validasi dilakukan dengan menjawab pertanyaan- pertanyaan yang diberikan kepada validator pada lembaran validasi atau angket. Setelah validator menyatakan valid, maka media pembelajaran siap di uji cobakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 340, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Praktikalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 366, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Praktikalitas adalah keterpakaian media pembelajaran yang telah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 398, "width": 219, "height": 153, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dikembangkan. Praktikalitas diketahui setelah melakukan uji coba produk yang telah dikembangkan. Peneliti melakukan uji coba produk ini dilakukan pada kelompok terbatas yaitu dua orang guru teknologi digital dan siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo. Data praktikalitas diperoleh dari hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan media yang telah dikembangkan pada siswa dan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 562, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji Efektivitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 588, "width": 219, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Efektifitas yang dilihat pada tahap ini adalah hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 636, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Macromedia flash 8. Efektifitas media pembelajaran dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menilai apakah media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "178", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Implementation(Implementasi)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Langkah ini yaitu melakukan implementasi media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran disekolah. Dengan melakukan uji coba melibatkan siswa untuk mengetahui respon siswa dan kemenarikan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Evaluation(Evaluasi)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 251, "width": 219, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari tahap uji coba akan diperoleh penilaian dan hasil angket dari siswa yang mengikuti implementasi. Hasil tes tersebut akan dianalisis dan dievaluasi yang selanjutnya dapat diketahui kualitas, nilai manfaat dan respon siswa terhadap dari media pembelajaran tersebut. Hasil analisis, evaluasi, dan respon siswa ini digunakan sebagai acuan perlu tidaknya revisi media tahap akhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Uji Coba Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 445, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelaksanaan uji coba produk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 461, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dilakukan setelah rancangan produk divalidasi oleh ahli. Uji coba produk merupakan tahap penilaian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah produk yang dihasilkan telah valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan sehingga diperlukan sampel untuk melakukan uji coba lapangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 584, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sampel adalah bagian dari jumlah dan karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh populasi. Untuk itu sampel yang diambil dari populasi harus betul-betul representative atau mewakili. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu Sampling Jenuh. Sampling jenuh adalah teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "digunakan sebagai sampel. Hal ini dilakukan bila jumlah populasi relative kecil, kurang dari 30 orang, (Sugiyono, 2014:68). Berdasarkan hasil observasi, siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo berjumlah 15 siswa, maka dari itu seluruh siswa dijadikan subjek penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 197, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji coba ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data yang dapat digunakan sebagai tolak ukur apakah produk yang telah dihasilkan valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya pada mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi dan Digital kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo. Uji efektifitas dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah memakai media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 384, "width": 219, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu, one group pretest-posttest design. Sumadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 413, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(2013:101) mengemukakan bahwa, “Dalam rancangan ini digunakan satu kelompok subjek. Pertama-tama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 447, "width": 219, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dilakukan pengukuran, lalu dikenakan perlakuan, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran untuk kedua kalinya”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 520, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Subjek Uji Coba", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 546, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Subjek uji coba dilakukan pada siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo dengan jumlah 15 siswa pada mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital Semester Ganjil Tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu Sampling Jenuh. Sampling jenuh adalah teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Hal ini dilakukan bila jumlah populasi relative kecil, kurang dari 30 orang, (Sugiyono,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "179", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2014:68). SMKN 4 Bungo berlokasi di Jl. Durian, Desa Tanjung Agung, Kec. Muko- Muko Bathin VII, Kab. Bungo, Jambi. Uji coba produk ini dimaksudkan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang kualitas media pembelajaran. Data tersebut digunakan untuk mengembangkan dan menyempurnakan media yang dibuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 207, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bagian ini menyajikan semua hasil analisis data yang dikumpulkan dari setiap tahapan pengembangan media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8. Berikut data hasil penelitian:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Data Uji Validitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 219, "height": 201, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), dimana pengambilan data validitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 adalah dengan menggunakan angket (kuesioner). Dalam hal ini peneliti memberikan angket kepada 5 orang validator yang memvalidasi media yang dikembangkan. Aspek validitas yang digunakan antara lain: rekayasa perangkat lunak, komunikasi visual, dan pembelajaran. rekayasa perangkat lunak, komunikasi visual, dan pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 213, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil validasi media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash oleh validator.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Data Uji Praktikalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 100, "width": 219, "height": 179, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Respon Guru Terhadap Praktikalitas Media pembelajaran Praktikalitas berkaitan dengan kemudahan dalam penggunaaan media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 yang dikembangkan. Data praktikalitas diperoleh melalui angket yang diisi oleh dua orang praktisi Guru Mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital. Hasil penilaian terhadap kepraktisan ujian dirangkum pada tabel 2 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 285, "width": 255, "height": 265, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aspek Penilaian Persen tasi Nilai Kategori Persen tasi Nilai Kategori Guru 1 Guru 2 Kualitas isi media 94,28 % Sangat Praktis 97,14 % Sangat Praktis Daya Tarik 96,00 % Sangat Praktis 100,00 % Sangat Praktis Dapat di gunakan sebagai pembelajara n mandiri 85,00 % Praktis 95, 00 % Sangat Praktis Efisiensi 86,66 % Praktis 86,66 % Sangat Praktis Rata - rata praktikalitas respon guru 92,59 % Sangat Praktis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 575, "width": 466, "height": 125, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji praktikalitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 menurut guru yaitu 92,59 %, sehingga dapat disimpulkan media tersebut masuk pada kategori “Sangat Praktis”. No Aspek Nilai Kategori 1. Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak 0,86 Valid 2. Komunikasi Visual 0,79 Valid 3. Pembelajaran 0,88 Valid Rata-rata 0,84 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "180", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Respon Siswa Terhadap Praktikalitas Media pembelajaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 219, "height": 153, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Praktikalitas media juga memerlukan masukan berupa respon dari siswa. Data ini didapatkan setelah siswa menggunakan media Macromedia Flash 8, kemudian siswa mengisi dengan angket yang diberikan. rata- rata hasil uji praktikalitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 menurut guru yaitu 92,59 % dan menurut siswa sebesar 96,02 %, sehingga dapat disimpulkan media pembelajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Macromedia Flash 8 tersebut masuk pada kategori “Praktis”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Data Uji Efektifitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 344, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Efektifitas penggunaan media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 ditinjau dengan dua cara yaitu, melihat ketercapaian KKM secara klasikal dan dengan menghitung data pretest dan posttest menggunakan analisis Uji T data berpasangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 461, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Efektifitas Ditinjau Dari Ketuntasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 475, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Klasikal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 501, "width": 219, "height": 217, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketuntasan klasikal dilihat dari persentase jumlah siswa yang tuntas (membandingkan nilai KKM yang ditetapkan) setelah menggunakan media atau tes akhir. Landasan untuk menentukan efektivitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 adalah jika persentasi ketuntasan klasikal siswa lebih besar atau sama dengan 85% maka media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 efektif digunakan. Jika sebaliknya, persentasi ketuntasan klasikal siswa lebih kecil dengan 85 % maka media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 tidak efektif digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 201, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis klasikal nilai pretest yang diuraikan , maka diperoleh jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 9 siswa (60%), sedangkan hasil analisis klasikal nilai posttest yang diuraikan pada tabel 4.6 diperoleh jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 13 siswa (87%), hal ini menunjukkan ketuntasan klasikal telah tercapai. Dapat disumpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 pada mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital efektif digunakan jika ditinjau dari ketuntasan klasikal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 286, "width": 219, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Efektivitas Ditinjau Dari Perbedaan Hasil Pretest Dan Posttest", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 320, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Analisis Perbedaan Hasil Pretest dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 352, "top": 336, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Postest", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 363, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data hasil pretest dan posttest dianalisis menggunakan rumus uji-t data berpasangan. Analisis ini digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan secara signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest. Sebelum dilakukan analisis uji t terlebih dahulu dilaksanakan uji persyaratan analisis yaitu analisis normalitas dan homogenitas untuk melihat normal atau tidaknya data. Analisis data normalitas, homogenitas dan uji-t menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 23.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 544, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Pretest dan Postest.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 588, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,200 lebih besar dari 0,05, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pretest dan posttest berdistribusi normal. Setelah di lakukan uji normalitas data selanjutkan dilakukan uji homogenitas data untuk mengetahui apakah varian data adalah sama atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "181", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Analisis Uji Homogenitas Data Pretest dan Postest .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Test of Homogeneity of Variances", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 191, "width": 243, "height": 154, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,05 dan signifikansi dari perhitungan adalah 0,304 > 0,05, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pretest dan postest mempunyai varian sama. Data pretest dan posttest yang berdistribusi normal dan memiliki varian yang sama atau homogenitas kemudian analisis dengan menggunakan analisis uji-t berpasangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 355, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 381, "width": 219, "height": 249, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 pada mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital di SMKN 4 Bungo yang telah dilakukan, maka diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1) Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian Research and Development . Prosedur pengembangan penelitian ini menggunakan ADDIE yaitu (1) Analysis , dilakukan 2 tahap langkah analisis yaitu analisis kinerja dan analisis kebutuhan, (2) Design, membuat desain navigasi dan juga storyboard yang mrupaka rancangan secara umum, (3) Development, bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran yang valid, praktis dan efektif,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 635, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(4) Implementation,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 635, "width": 219, "height": 75, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "melakukan implementasi media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah, (5) Evaluation, tahap uji coba akan diperoleh peilaian dan hasil angket dan hasil tes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dianalisis dan dievaluasi sehingga diketahui kualitas, nilai manfaat dan respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 122, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pengembangan media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 137, "width": 219, "height": 281, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 pada mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital diperoleh dari hasil uji pengembangan. Uji pengembangan meliputi uji validitas, uji praktikalitas dan uji efektifitas. Uji validitas dinilai oleh validator dari aspek media (0,84), maka dapat disimpulkan media pembelajaran berbasis Macromedia Flash 8 . Uji praktikalitas diperoleh dari respon guru 92,95 % dengan kategori “sangat praktis” dan respon siswa 96,02 % dengan kategori “praktis”. Hasil uji efektifitas media pembelajaran dihitung dari data pretest dan posttest menggunakan uji T data berpasangan. Dari uji T yang dilakukan didapatkan siswa yang tuntas 80% dari 13 orang. Dengan demikian, maka media efektif untuk digunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 429, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 445, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Andi Setiawan, M. P. (2017). Belajar dan Pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 459, "width": 188, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.Baso, F., Alfiani, A., Ramadani, A. N., & Mukhtar, N. A.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 352, "top": 500, "width": 188, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(2023). Pengaruh Metode Blended Learning Terhadap Keefektivitasan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Makassar. Jurnal MediaTIK ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 555, "width": 22, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1-5.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 569, "width": 216, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arisanti, Y., & Adnan, M. F. (2021). Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Software Macromedia Flash 8 untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu , 5 (4), 2122- 2132.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 104, "width": 443, "height": 587, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i 4.930 Levene Statistic df 1 df2 Sig. 1,095 1 28 ,304", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "182", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arsyad, Azhar. 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0181b193-79c4-f0e3-206a-6146621eab7b	http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/iaj/article/download/12550/8430	[ { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 465, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577 53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 335, "top": 39, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 18 (1), 2023, 53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 725, "width": 220, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "# Correspondence: Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16911 E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 151, "top": 71, "width": 313, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available online at: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/iaj", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 80, "top": 114, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESILIENCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF THE DOMESTICATED ASIAN REDTAIL CATFISH Hemibagrus nemurus TO HYPOXIA CONDITION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 159, "width": 468, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aliati Iswantari ) , Kurniawan Kurniawan ) , Vitas Atmadi Prakoso )# , Deni Radona ) , Deni Irawan ) , Fera Permata Putri **) , Wahyulia Cahyanti ) , Otong Zenal Arifin ) , Jojo Subagja ) , Rudhy Gustiano **) , Irin Iriana Kusmini ) , Arif Wibowo ) , and Anang Hari Kristanto *)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 205, "width": 327, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ") Department of Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 222, "width": 439, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ") Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 251, "width": 400, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ") Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 268, "width": 456, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*) Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Bogor, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 296, "width": 454, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "**) Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 313, "width": 310, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Received: April 5, 2023; Final revision: June 6, 2023; Accepted: June 8, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 344, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 367, "width": 414, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypoxia is one of the critical issues in aquaculture production systems as it can lead to physiological disturbances in cultured fish. This research aimed to evaluate the tolerance level and physiological responses of domesticated Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus reared in various hypoxia conditions. A total of 12 fish/treatment were acclimated to gradually decreased dissolved oxygen treatments until fish experienced aquatic surface respiratory (ASR) and loss of equilibrium (LOE). Cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose levels were detected in the blood plasma to evaluate the stress response of the fish to hypoxia. The result showed that ASR of H. nemurus was identified at 2.17 ± 0.14 ppm of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration with the percentage of ASR was 77.67 ± 9.53%, while LOE critical of H. nemurus happened at 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm of DO where 55.56 ± 4.81% of the fish experienced LOE. There were significant differences in the values of physiological parameters (blood cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose) between control and treatments as fish experienced LOE (P<0.05). In the present study, it was found that the Asian redtail catfish is classified as a hypoxia-sensitive fish group. This finding is valuable information for the rearing and growing of the fish to provide an optimal DO concentration for their growth and survival.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 522, "width": 247, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KEYWORDS: ASR; LOE; stress; cortisol; haemoglobin; glucose", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 548, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 566, "width": 228, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus has been developed as a new candidate aquaculture spe- cies in Indonesia (Gustiano et al., 2018; Kurniawan et al., 2021). During the domestication programme, this species showed excellent performance regarding growth, survival, and nutritional value (Kusmini et al., 2020; Subagja et al., 2015). As the new aquaculture species, evaluation of the effects of different water quality on their optimal growth and survival would be necessary before the domesticated fish would be of- ficially released to end users.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 548, "width": 225, "height": 225, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Water quality parameters play an essential role in aquaculture production systems and affect metabolic rate, physiological functions, behaviour, growth, sur- vival, health, and production performance (Svobodova et al., 1993; Boyd, 2017; Prakoso et al., 2019; Prakoso et al., 2021; Pyanuth et al., 2020). The effects of changes in water quality in cultured media can be higher or lower depending on each parameter. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels or high concentrations of ammonia, nitrogen, nitrite, and sulphide can lead to stress and even mortality in cultured fish. Research to evaluate the resilient performance of cultured fish on various water quality parameters is beneficial for the successful aquaculture production of Oreochromis niloticus (Makori et al., 2017). Water quality para- meters in aquaculture systems can be affected by the input of uneaten feed, which leads to poor water quality and impacts the stress of cultured fish and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 794, "width": 404, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "54 Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 52, "top": 39, "width": 326, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Resilience And Physiological Responses of The Domesticated ..... (Iswantari, Aliati)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "the change of physiological responses in golden pom- pano larvae (Allais et al., 2019). The use of artificial feed and high-density aquaculture systems can cause local aquatic hypoxia, which negatively impacts aqua- culture development (Dong et al., 2011; Douxfils et al., 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 152, "width": 227, "height": 351, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypoxia refers to the depletion of DO concentra- tion in aquaculture ponds where DO levels remain below 1-2 mg/L for a few hours (Abdel-Tawwab et al., 2019). Hypoxia causes physiological and immune dis- turbances in Atlantic salmon, which can reduce appe- tite, growth, and activity (Hvas & Oppedal, 2019). Each species of fish has various responses and resilience to hypoxia. Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias batrachus experience stress with dissolved oxygen (DO) of about 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/L and 0.98±0.1 mg/over six hours, respectively (Li et al., 2018; Tripathi et al., 2013). To investigate the effects of hypoxia on fish, the loss of equilibrium (LOE) of Atlantic cod can be used as an indicator of its critical tolerance in re- sponse to bad water quality (Gollock et al., 2006). LOE can be indicated when the chinook salmon is unable to maintain position or does not respond to a physical stimulus (Del Rio et al., 2019). Before LOE happened, aquatic surface respiration (ASR) could be used as the initial sign of the decrease in DO concen- tration in gulf killifish (Rees & Matute, 2018). The stress response of fish can also be identified from changes in the levels of haemoglobin, haematocrit, cortisol, and blood glucose (Cho et al., 2015; Prakoso et al., 2016; Pastore et al., 2018). This present re- search aims to evaluate the tolerance and physiologi- cal responses of domesticated Asian redtail catfish to hypoxia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 515, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 66, "top": 538, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fish acquisition and care", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 556, "width": 227, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The second generation of domesticated fish fing- erlings of Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) was obtained from the breeding facility at the Re- search Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fish- eries Extension (RIFAFE), Bogor, Indonesia. The fing- erlings were transported to the rearing tanks in the RIFAFE laboratory. Fish were acclimatised for a week in the rectangular tanks (80 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm) prior to treatments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 679, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Experimental design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 697, "width": 227, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The effects of hypoxia on the fish fingerling were performed with three replications. An investigation on fish responses to hypoxia conditions was carried out in the rectangular tanks following a procedure conducted by Ferrari et al. (2016). A total of 12 fish per treatment (control and hypoxia) were measured", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 313, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "for their total length and weight. In the control tanks, the fish were maintained in normoxia. Meanwhile, in the hypoxia treatment tanks, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were gradually reduced by flowing nitrogen into the water in the rectangular tanks (40 L, 40 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm; DO: 5 to 7 ppm) to obtain hypoxia conditions. To prevent the fish from access- ing the oxygen around the water surface, mesh screens were installed about 5 cm below the water surface. The DO level was gradually decreased from 5 ppm to 4 ppm in 30 minutes and kept stable in the next 30 minutes. The same procedure was carried out from DO 4 ppm to 3 ppm, and from 3 ppm to 2 ppm. As the DO concentration reached 1.5 ppm, DO gradually decreased every 0.5 ppm in 30 minutes un- til the fish rose to the water surface to breathe as an indication of aquatic surface respiratory (ASR) and was followed by a loss of equilibrium (Wu et al., 2017). DO concentration and temperature were measured using a dissolved oxygen meter (Lutron DO-5510, Taiwan) and pH was measured using a digital pH meter (Lamotte pH 5 plus, USA). The measurement of DO, temperature, and pH were continuously monitored by placing those equipments under the water surface of hypoxia treatment and control tanks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 396, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Calculation of ASR and LOE critical", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 414, "width": 227, "height": 125, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Observed parameters e in this study included abnormality of behaviour, ASR and LOE critical. These parameters were determined and recorded by visual observation. The critical DO value of fish in response to hypoxia conditions was measured as the fish breathed to the water surface (identified as aquatic surface respiratory-ASRcrit) and the fish identified loss of equilibrium (LOEcrit) (Dhillon et al., 2013). ASRcrit was calculated using a formula explained by He et al. (2015):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 549, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "...............................(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 580, "width": 227, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PO 2 =DO value before ASR, = the change of DO (1 ppm ASR every 30 minutes), t=times as fish resilience in 30 minutes, T= times for holding DO value in 30 minutes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 636, "width": 227, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "while LOEcrit was estimated following Dhillon et al. (2013):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 679, "width": 209, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "........................(2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 716, "width": 227, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[O 2 ]2i = DO value before LOE, [O 2 ]2ii=decreasing DO (0.5 ppm of LOE every 30 minutes), ti= times as fish resilience in 30 minutes, tii= times for holding DO value in 30 minutes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 544, "width": 154, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "    2ii O tii ti 2i O LOE 2 2 Crit      2 2 Crit ΔPO T t PO ASR    2 ΔPO", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 465, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577 55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 335, "top": 39, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 18 (1), 2023, 53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 71, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Blood sampling procedure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 227, "height": 288, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To evaluate the physiological response of fish to different DO levels, blood samples were collected in the ventral venepuncture of the vertebral artery at the end of the study as the fish lost equilibrium. Blood parameters were analysed for glucose, haemoglobin, and cortisol. The blood samples were collected from three fish in each control tank (DO level: 5) and treat- ment tank (three fish at each DO level during hypoxic conditions). Prior to collecting blood samples, fish fingerlings were anaesthetized using an anaesthetic solution (2-phenoxyethanol, dose of 0.5 mL/L water). From each fish, 0.5 mL of blood was collected using a 1 mL syringe (Terumo, Japan). Glucose levels were measured using a blood glucose reader (ACCU-CHEK Active, Roche, Germany). Haemoglobin levels were measured using the Sahli method (Haemometer Marienfeld), and cortisol was analysed using the ELISA method (Biosan HiPo MPP-96). All analytical proce- dures were done according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Abnormalities of the fish exposed to different DO were also observed, including abnormal swimming behaviour, abnormal ventilatory function, and abnormal skin pigmentation (OECD, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 389, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistical data analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 407, "width": 227, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio, on all collected data. Fish length and weight, blood,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and water quality parameters were analysed using One- way ANOVA and Duncan’s test (confidence interval: 95%) to obtain the significant differences within treat- ments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 131, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 150, "width": 227, "height": 275, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Asian redtail catfish fingerlings challenged to hypoxia showed an increase in stress response with a decrease in DO concentration. The decrease in DO concentration from 5 ppm (5.00 ± 0.74 ppm) to 4 ppm (3.84 ± 0.15 ppm) and 3 ppm (3.04 ± 0.11) did not negatively impact behavioural abnormalities in fish (Table 1). However, as DO was reduced to 2 ppm, the fish started to rise to the surface area to breathe, searching for a higher oxygen concentration, known as the Aquatic Surface Respiratory (ASR) condition. The average ASR value was obtained at a concentra- tion of DO of 2.17 ± 0.14 ppm, with the percentage of fish observed experiencing ASR conditions was 77.67 ± 9.53%. Furthermore, as DO continued to decline, at the certain concentration (the critical point), the fish experienced a loss of equilibrium known as LOE critical. The LOE critical of the Asian redtail catfish occurred as DO was reduced from 1 ppm (1.09 ± 0.08 ppm) to 0.5 ppm (0.51 ± 0.06 ppm). Based on the calculation, the LOE critical of H. nemurus was predicted to occur at DO 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm, where 55.56 ± 4.81% of the fish experienced LOE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 440, "width": 471, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Dissolved oxygen (DO) tolerance of the Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus challenged in gradually decreased DO", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 470, "width": 469, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Repetition Fish number Fork Length (cm) Total Weight (g) ASR (%) DO at ASR* (ppm) LOE (%) Critical DO at LOE (ppm) Control 12 9.97±1.76 a 10.62±4.53 a - - - - 1 12 10.39±0.90 a 12.28±2.50 a 83.33 1.98 58.33 0.57±0.11 2 12 10.08±1.2 a 11.85±3.39 a 66.67 2.30 50.00 0.69±0.18 3 12 10.53±1.30 a 12.28±3.84 a 83.33 2.23 58.33 0.65±0.14 Mean±STDV (1-3) 77.67±9.53 2.17±0.14 55.56±4.81 0.63±0.15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 227, "height": 125, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The effects of hypoxia on the physiological per- formance of the fish were observed based on corti- sol, haemoglobin, and glucose levels. Cortisol levels increased with a decrease in DO concentration indi- cating that a decrease in DO concentration can im- pact on the stress of the fish. Cortisol levels at DO 5 and 4 ppm were significantly different from DO 3 and 1 ppm (P<0.05; Figure 1a). In contrast, haemoglobin concentration decreased with the decrease in DO concentration. The haemoglobin level did not sig-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 580, "width": 227, "height": 125, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "nificantly differ among three levels of DO at 5, 4, and 3 ppm (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between haemoglobin level and DO levels of 5 to 1 ppm (P<0.05; Figure 1b). Furthermore, the glucose level increased with decreasing DO concen- tration. A significant difference in glucose level was detected between two DO levels at 1 and 5 ppm (P<0.05; Figure 1c). Water quality during the study showed optimal values for the growth and survival of fish except for DO (Table 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 471, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Different superscripts in the same columns indicated significant differences (confidence interval: 95%); ASR=Aquatic Surface Respiratory; *LOE: Loss of Equilibrium", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 794, "width": 404, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "56 Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 52, "top": 39, "width": 326, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Resilience And Physiological Responses of The Domesticated ..... (Iswantari, Aliati)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 613, "width": 227, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Water quality showed no significant differences in either temperature or pH during the experiment. Therefore, the changes in fish behaviour in the tanks occurred due to the decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 682, "width": 227, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypoxia in aquaculture ponds has frequently hap- pened because of feed and faecal accumulation, tem- perature fluctuation, and low photosynthetic activi- ty, especially in intensive aquaculture systems (He et al., 2015; Schafer et al., 2021). As hypoxia occurred in aquatic systems, fish responded with various behaviours and movements, such as moving to the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 613, "width": 227, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "water surface to contact air, becoming more active to escape from hypoxic area, or becoming less active to reduce oxygen demand (Rogers et al., 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 657, "width": 227, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this present study, ASR was obtained at DO 2.17 ppm. A lower ASR value of approximately 0.3 mg/L was found in a previous study on southern cat- fish Silurus meridionalis (Yang et al., 2013), while a higher ASR value (3 mg/L) was found on juvenile ar- mored catfish Pterygoplichthys sp. (Gibbs et al., 2021). Aquatic surface respiration can be used as the first indicator of fish’s response to environmental stress in relation to hypoxic conditions (Urbina et", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 448, "width": 471, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Stress responses of the Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus fingerlings based on cortisol (a), haemoglobin (b) and glucose (c) challenged in different dissolved oxygen levels (K = control) (Note: Different superscripts indicated significant differences at confidence interval 95%)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 52, "top": 490, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Water quality parameter of dissolved oxygen tolerance test of Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus fingerlings in experimental tanks", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 52, "top": 597, "width": 384, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Different superscripts in the same rows indicated significant differences at confidence interval 95%", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 57, "top": 515, "width": 459, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Water quality Dissolved oxygen (ppm) Control 4 3 2 1 0.5 Dissolved oxygen (ppm) 5.00±0.74 f 3.84±0.15 e 3.04±0.11 d 2.05±0.18 c 1.09±0.08 b 0.51±0.06 a Temperature (  C) 27.20±0.68 a 27.00±0.07 a 27.48±0.10 a 27.13±0.06 a 28.13±0.05 a 28.13±0.06 a pH 7.26±0.32 a 7.20±0.11 a 7.14±0.03 a 7.20±0.40 a 7.36±0.03 a 7.34±0.01 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 465, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577 57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 335, "top": 39, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 18 (1), 2023, 53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "al., 2011). The ASR values indicated by the decrease in DO concentration in the environment. The decrease in DO concentration in the aquatic environment re- sulted in ASR values that convert to the normal fish respiratory mechanism (Takasusuki et al., 1998). The differences in ASR values found in the present and previous studies indicated that the values are spe- cies- and size-dependent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 228, "height": 237, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fish having different tolerance responses to hy- poxia conditions depends on the temperature of their habitat. The common carp Cyprinus carpio has excel- lent hypoxia tolerance, with the LOE critical occur- ring at DO 0.1 mg/l at 12°C (Dhillon et al., 2013). The LOE critical of the Southern catfish. Silurus meridionalis was identified to be 0.08 mg/L at 25 °C (Yang et al., 2013). However, several fish species are identified to have sensitive responses to hypoxic conditions. The LOE critical of the bream Megalobrama pellegrini was 0.60 mg/L at 12°C (Dhillon et al. , 2013), white mullet Mugil curema was reported to be 1.5 mg/L at 25°C (Fangue et al., 2001), and blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala was 1.53 mg/ L at 30°C (Wu et al., 2017). Based on the present find- ing, the Asian redtail catfish is classified as a hypoxia- sensitive fish group. This information is crucial to provide an optimal DO concentration for their growth and survival during rearing and growing the fish.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 423, "width": 227, "height": 351, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The present study showed that the cortisol level of Asian redtail catfish fingerlings increased signifi- cantly under hypoxic conditions. This result was simi- lar to previous studies on yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Wang et al., 2021) and hybrid yellow cat- fish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles (Dagoudo et al., 2021). Cortisol is an essential hor- mone for the body with several functions, including a role in glucose metabolism, the immune system, blood pressure regulation, and the response to stress conditions (Crosby et al., 2006). Changes in plasma cortisol levels are often used as a major indicator of stress. The stress response will stimulate the hypo- thalamus to release cortisol hormone, which plays a significant role in metabolism processes, immunity mechanisms, blood pressure, and the response to stress (Syawal et al., 2011). Hypoxic conditions re- sulted in a lower haemoglobin level in Asian redtail catfish fingerlings as demonstrated by this study. However, previous studies on hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles (Dagoudo et al., 2021) and adult Clarias batrachus (Rao et al., 2014) showed the increasing of haemoglobin under hypoxia treatments. The different results on hypoxia treatment related to haemoglobin indicated the variation in each species’ ability to cope with stress conditions. As the result of the decreased hae- moglobin in the present study, the availability of oxy-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 377, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "gen content in the blood cells was reduced (hypoxia). Therefore, the metabolism process was disrupted, which caused the fish to experience a lack of energy. More than 90% of the oxygen carried by haemoglobin through the gill epithelium by diffusion through hae- moglobin in the red blood capillaries (Evans & Claiborne, 2005). Moreover, glucose levels in the present study showed a significant increase under hypoxia. Glucose can be used as a biomarker for stress and hypoxia responses. The result from the present study was also similar to previous studies on the same species (Prakoso et al., 2018) and hybrid yellow cat- fish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles (Dagoudo et al., 2021). Glucose levels also increase in the Oscar Astronotus ocellatus as a response to decreasing dissolved oxygen (Li et al., 2018). Simi- larly, the glucose level of the perch Scorpaena porcus increases two-fold at hypoxia compared to a normal condition (Silkin & Silkina, 2005). When exposed to stress and low oxygen levels, fish experience an in- crease in their blood glucose levels due to the activa- tion of their hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, which further triggers the release of stress hor- mones. These hormones, cortisol and catechola- mines, cause the release of glucose from glycogen stores in the liver and muscles into the blood- stream. This released glucose provides energy for the fish against the stressor and survive in a hy- poxic environment (Lepic et al., 2014; Cofiel & Mattioli, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 459, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 477, "width": 227, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Asian redtail catfish (H. nemurus) is categorised as hypoxia-sensitive fish group. The criti- cal DO for Asian redtail catfish was found at DO 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm, indicated by stress and physiological responses detected in the increase in cortisol level. Information on optimal DO concentration in this study is essential for the growth and survival of Asian redtail catfish during rearing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 588, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 606, "width": 227, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "We would like to thank Bambang Priadi and Sri Sundari for their excellent support in this study. This research is one of the important parts of the main project titled the Asian redtail catfish domestication programme for the new aquaculture candidate funded by the Research Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, The Ministry of Marine Af- fairs and Fisheries, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 717, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 735, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdel-Tawwab, M., Monier, M. N., Hoseinifar, S. H.,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 748, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "& Faggio, C. (2019). 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e14e541f-5b85-94a3-aee4-f5ab191a125b	https://journal.umg.ac.id/index.php/manajerial/article/download/5607/3493	[ { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "498", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 85, "width": 408, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INCREASING EPISTEMIC VALUE AND RATE THROUGH FLOW VALUE CO-CREATION PERSPECTIVE OF SERVICE-DOMINANT LOGIC THEORY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 251, "top": 161, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimas Wibisono ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 176, "width": 505, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, [email protected] Corresponding Author", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 240, "width": 48, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 252, "width": 513, "height": 118, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Background – Flow value co-creation is a psychological condition where a person feels pleasure in using a product or service. This concept starts with Service-Dominant Logic Theory (SDL) which indicates that SDL tends in the domain of marketing services. Aim –This study aims to identify the mediation of Flow value co- creation (FVC) with Epistemic (EPV) and Rate (RT) variables. Design / methodology / approach – This study describes the unaffected relationship between Epistemic values and Ratings mediated by the new concept of Flow value co-creation. The PLS-SEM equation engineering model uses the retrieval technique. This study involved a total of 286 Y generations of Shopee application users Y.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 370, "width": 513, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Findings – The results showed that Flow value co-creation increased Rate. Shopee application users especially the Y generation feel shared comfort.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 393, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusion - The FVC relationship to RT has a logical impact in which the more comfortable, enjoyable, and safe using an application, the better the RT. The model can be assumed that Flow value co-creation can mediate the inconsistency of complex debates from previous studies regarding Epistemic Correlation (EPV) at Rate (RT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 440, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research implication – For startup makers in the form of applications to survive. First, updates for consumer users affect user enjoyment. Second, the evaluation of applications for target markets such as MSMEs and consumers in their use will have an impact on the market. Third, Flow value co-creation affects the stakeholders in improving application performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 487, "width": 513, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Limitations – The number of respondents is only in the Bantul area and is under 300 respondents, the development of variables such as the length of time the user is used, the frequency of applications used through advertisements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 532, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Flow, value, co-creation, service, dominant, logic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 556, "width": 43, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 567, "width": 513, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Latar Belakang - Flow value co-creation merupakan kondisi psikologis dimana seseorang merasakan kesenangan dalam menggunakan suatu produk atau jasa. Konsep ini dimulai dengan Service- Dominant Logic Theory (SDL) yang mengindikasikan bahwa SDL cenderung berada pada domain pemasaran jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 614, "width": 514, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mediasi Flow value co-creation (FVC) dengan variabel Epistemik (EPV) dan Rate (RT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 638, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain / metodologi / pendekatan - Studi ini menjelaskan hubungan yang tidak terpengaruh antara nilai-nilai Epistemik dan Peringkat yang dimediasi oleh konsep baru Penciptaan Nilai Aliran. Model rekayasa persamaan PLS-SEM menggunakan teknik retrieval. Penelitian ini melibatkan total 286 generasi Y pengguna aplikasi Shopee Y.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 685, "width": 514, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Temuan - Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Flow value co-creation meningkatkan Rate. Pengguna aplikasi Shopee khususnya generasi Y merasakan kenyamanan bersama. Kesimpulan - Hubungan FVC dengan RT mempunyai dampak logis dimana semakin nyaman, nikmat, dan aman menggunakan suatu aplikasi maka semakin baik RT tersebut. Model tersebut dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 254, "width": 137, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima : 10 Mei 2023 Direview : 15 Agustus 2023 Direvisi : 29 September 2023 Disetujui : 30 September 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "499", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 513, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diasumsikan bahwa co-creation nilai Flow dapat memediasi inkonsistensi perdebatan kompleks dari penelitian sebelumnya mengenai Epistemic Correlation (EPV) at Rate (RT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 109, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implikasi penelitian - Bagi para pembuat startup berupa aplikasi untuk bertahan hidup. Pertama, pembaruan untuk pengguna konsumen mempengaruhi kenikmatan pengguna. Kedua, evaluasi aplikasi untuk target pasar seperti UMKM dan konsumen dalam penggunaannya akan berdampak pada pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 156, "width": 513, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batasan penelitian - Jumlah responden hanya di wilayah Bantul dan di bawah 300 responden, perkembangan variabel seperti lamanya pengguna digunakan, frekuensi penggunaan aplikasi melalui iklan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 202, "width": 304, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Flow, Value, co-creation, Service, Dominant, Logic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 238, "width": 104, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 259, "width": 245, "height": 342, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Impulse buying involves a special and dynamic shopping process. Impulsive buying affects the belief in risk. Online shopping is the initial motivation to maintain online stores (Chen et al., 2019). Online customers play roles as system users and impulse buyers at later stages of shopping (Wu et al., 2016). The role of social media has shifted gradually from a marketing tool to a source of marketing intelligence. Echoing social media to combine them with a marketing strategy is challenging. It can build valuable and long- term relationships within a company (Lamberton & Stephen, 2016). The use of social media in developing countries greatly changes. The internet users in Indonesia reached 204,7 million people at the end of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 607, "width": 244, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "January 2022. This creates great opportunities for e-commerce or", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 646, "width": 245, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "marketplaces such as Buka Lapak, Lazada, Shopee, Bli-bli and others. The number of visitors in those marketplaces varied, for example, Blibli (17,51 million), Lazada (28.58 million), Bukalapak (29,88 million),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 238, "width": 244, "height": 51, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shopee (131.89 million), and Tokopedia (149.61 million). This study focuses on Shopee.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 296, "width": 245, "height": 439, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The study conducted by Sabillah et al., (2021) reveals that Shopee is a marketplace that excels in the field of fashion and beauty. This study concerns the use of Shopee by the Y Generation in Sleman District. Referring to Statistics Indonesia data, the population of the Special Region of Yogyakarta reached 3,8 million in 2018, and almost a third of that amount, namely 1,2 million people are living in Sleman District. Meanwhile, the population in this district is dominated by students or the Y generation with a total of 332,843 people with an average intensity of using the internet for 2 to 5 hours per day Y Generation or millennials are people born between 1980 and 2000 (Corodeanu, 2015). It focuses on the perceived value of mobile application users, especially in Shopee. The value concept concerns sustainable intentions (Zhang et al., 2017) and purchase behavior (Hsieh, 2016). Based on the previous studies, epistemic does not affect ratings.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "500", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 245, "height": 497, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Besides, there is a negative relationship so the researcher suspects that it can be mediated by Flow value co-creation (Hsiao et al., 2016). Flow value co-creation is a psychological state in which individuals feel good when they are involved in an activity (Csikszentmihalyi, 2008). There are some indicators of online customer engagement (Mollen & Wilson, 2010) based on SDL theory (Nittala et al., 2022). First, companies focus on being at the center of collaboration in IoT and cloud ecosystems. Second, companies focus on the responsibility for setting the context and goals for the creation of the IoT and cloud ecosystem. Third, companies focus on identifying ecosystems and their contributions. Fourth, companies focus on the need to create incentives to adopt new services. Fifth, companies focus on the need to create incentives for each company to participate in ecosystem activities. Sixth, companies focus on ensuring sustainable architecture platform integrity. Seventh, companies focus on facilitating the identification of co-creation terms and conditions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 589, "width": 245, "height": 148, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study concerns a conceptual model that describes epistemic relationships mediated by Flow value co-creation to increase marketplace ratings. This conceptual framework contributes to filling gaps in previous research. Perceived ratings can increase online stores' ratings which has a psychological impact, especially for", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 245, "height": 323, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "millennial users. The study involved the Y generation in Sleman District, Yogyakarta. The choice of a context for this study is based on the lifestyle of Y Generation Y which is rapidly buying products online. This study aims to develop previous findings by bridging the insignificant through the design of a new concept. Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) theory emphasizes the tendency in the marketing domain. This has been adopted in some other disciplines including information systems to study service systems based on technology (Beverungen et al., 2019). Service-Dominant Logic also focuses on the creation of value in organizational networks through the exchange of services (Vargo & Lusch, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 414, "width": 245, "height": 226, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Actor to actor network indicates collaboration among organizations and resource disbursement is about the decoupling of information from related physical forms. Resource density concerns the efficiency with which resources can be mobilized and aspects of the quality of services and integration of resources regarding tangible integration such as software components facilitated by the exchange of intangible resources such as knowledge, skills, and expertise.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 647, "width": 244, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic value refers to acts of curiosity, desire for knowledge, or the search for novelty in products or services (Aulia et al., 2016). The previous notion was that the experience in a social media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "501", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 245, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "environment increases the user's intention to participate in online activities (Zhang et al., 2014). Value co-creation is a prominent phenomenon in the creation of IT-enabled products and services (Grover & Kohli, 2012). Co-creation value represents by the value-creation actions carried out by stakeholders. There are mutually beneficial and integrated interactions in the application of various resources (Akaka et al., 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 318, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 339, "width": 241, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic Value and Flow value co- creation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 377, "width": 245, "height": 323, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Consumer motives in giving reviews can change buying behavior (Singh et al., 2018). Candan et al., (2013) show that innovative customers who have high epistemic value tend to pay high prices to use new products or services. Chopard et al., (2018) state that higher perceived epistemic value leads to greater intention to buy and use certain products or services. Palomba et al., (2015) explain that individuals achieve a high-flow state when searching for information online because they have clear goals and focus (Novak et al., 2000). Therefore, experience in an online environment can increase customer engagement (Carlson et al., 2017). The description above can be hypothesized as follows.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 707, "width": 241, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 1. Epistemic values affect Flow value co- creation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Flow value co-creation and Rating", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 104, "width": 245, "height": 633, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Challenges are the user's opportunities to act and relate to the level at which the user finds it difficult to manage the tasks involved (Novak et al., 2000). Concerning social media platforms, new features or functions, appearance modifications, and variations in performance options such as games, uniqueness in applications make users want to use them (Pelet et al., 2017). Generally, technology represents the useful application of knowledge (Mokyr, 2002), and knowledge is part of the institutional structure, namely society. In short, technology is an institutional phenomenon (Vargo & Lusch, 2016). Technology is also conceptualized as a resource that can act with other resources to create value and becomes an important resource in creating shared value (Akaka et al., 2013). Arthur (2009) defines technology as a process or a product that represents three aspects, namely a process for meeting human needs, an arrangement of practices and components, and all the tools and techniques available to a culture. Technology is a simplification component that enhances the core service concept and complements the inventive component (Pietro et al., 2018). Review content or the number of reviews (Kim et al., 2020); (Wu & Wu, 2016) is proven to have an impact on buyer behavior. King et al., (2014) state that there is involvement regarding buyer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "502", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "reviews. Some reviews are more informative and persuasive than others.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 124, "width": 244, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The description above can be hypothesized as follows", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 162, "width": 227, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 2 . Flow Value Co creation affects ratings.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 195, "width": 163, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic Value and Rating", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 214, "width": 245, "height": 110, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Previous studies reveal the impact of emotions on the use of the application (Wu et al., 2017) but the study does not touch on the effect of emotional value on app ratings and app costs. Investigation of emotional value intended to capture a user's intention", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 207, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "to buy an app, product, or service. Values are described as moods or feeling associated with using the app. Xiao & Kim (2009) note that emotional value is related to consumer reactions to a product or service. App ratings are important for marketers as they represent user impressions that can influence online store visits to purchase behavior (Baik et al., 2014). Based on this explanation, the study proposes the following hypothesis:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 298, "width": 186, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 3 . Epistemic values affect ratings", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 552, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Reserach Model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 582, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 603, "width": 245, "height": 130, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study concerns the relationship between epistemic values and ratings mediated by Flow value co-creation. This study used SEM-PLS with the help of Smart PLS 3.0 software to test the mediating effect simultaneously. SEM-PLS technique on small sample sizes with complex models can", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 582, "width": 245, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "work effectively (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2012). Data were collected from 286 respondents of Shopee users through questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed to Shopee users in Sleman, Yogyakarta from March to June 2022. SEM-PLS line analysis was used to investigate the mediating contribution of epistemic value on ratings, determine the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "503", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "validity and reliability of the model, and test the hypotheses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 124, "width": 245, "height": 110, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variable measurements were adapted from previous research with modifications according to the research objectives. All variables were measured using a Likert scale. The research variables and adapted indicators can be seen in Table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 259, "width": 162, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 279, "width": 245, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the study are based on frequency statistics to show the demographic structure. Table 1 describes the characteristics of the sample. This study involved 286 samples and it was considered sufficient for the PLS-SEM analysis. Respondents were Shopee users consiting male (47,90%) and female customers (52,10%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 453, "width": 245, "height": 284, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Measurement model analysis was to check the reliability and validity of the model (see Figure 2). The results of the measurement model are presented in Table 2 consisting of report item reliability, internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity. Estimates of the factor loading, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. The Outer Loading was carried out twice. In the first test, the indicator item was less than 0,7. The researcher removed the item indicators and then retested them with fulfilling outer loadings. This shows good reliability and validity of the model Hair et al., (2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 129, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discriminant validity examines how far the latent construct differs from other constructs in the Epistemic (X) variable of 0,782, Flow value co-creation (Z) of 0,903 and Rate (Y) of 0,847. The three variables fulfill the requirements and are correlated as presented in Table 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 233, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 253, "width": 245, "height": 478, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study strengthens the understanding of epistemic value and the impact of Flow value co-creation on ratings. This study examines Flow value co-creation as a mediating variable that can relate epistemic value variables to ratings. The results of the study show that Epistemic (EPV) affects Flow value co-creation (FVC) as evidenced by the p-value of 0,000. Value creation is a joint process on a direct interaction platform in which the service provider's service production processes and customer consumption as well as value creation processes merge into one collaborative and dialogical process (Grönroos, 2008). In an interactive service experience, customers co- create value through the integration of operand and operand sources (Vargo & Lusch, 2016), meanwhile, service providers facilitate customer resource integration activities (Ng et al., 2016). Operand resources such as raw materials and equipment are usually invisible and intangible to act on other resources (Hunt & Madhavaram, 2006). The Flow value co-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "504", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 207, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "creation (FVC) with an influential Rate (RT) shows a result of a p-value of 0,001. In line with previous studies on the process of creating shared value, customers are active players, not passive recipients (Vargo & Lusch, 2016). To create shared experiences, customers need to present, engage, and interact with people, products, and services (Prebensen et al., 2013). Customer participation describes the customer's willingness to contribute to the shared value", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "creation process, and customer information and behavior as a contribution process (Chen & Raab, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 143, "width": 244, "height": 129, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic results (EPV) affect Rate (RT) with a p-value of 0,003. This is in line with previous studies concerning the Airbnb App that functional, emotional, social, and epistemic values can increase tourist satisfaction and further tourist loyalty (Polo Peña et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 298, "width": 39, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 310, "width": 481, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Operational Definition of Variables Construct Statement Indicator References Epistemic value 6 items 1. Testing new technologies 2. Conducting new experiments", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 183, "top": 358, "width": 108, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Building curiosity", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 183, "top": 370, "width": 103, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Attractive design", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 361, "width": 479, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Trendy 6. Aesthetically appealing (Zolkepli et al., 2021) Flow value co-creation 3 Items 1. Application value focuses on common needs 2. Application value focuses on mutual enjoyment.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 48, "top": 416, "width": 491, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Application Value focuses on time distortion of sale shopping usage (Kim et al., 2020) dan (Chan et al., 2022) (Dimas Wibisono, 2023) Mobile Apps Rating (RATE) 6 items 1. I use very high rated App 2. I use an App with a good ranking on the website", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 179, "top": 491, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Mobile app ratings show trust", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 179, "top": 503, "width": 192, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Mobile app ratings show credibility", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 179, "top": 515, "width": 164, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Mobile app ratings are useful", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 495, "width": 484, "height": 230, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. I understand the quality of the mobile application (Zolkepli et al., 2021) Source: Processed data, 2022 Table 2 Demographic information of Respondents Description Characteristics Frequency Percent (%) Gender Male 137 47.9 Female 149 52.1 Education Senior High School 30 10.4 Bachelor’s degree 177 61.89 Master’s degree 40 13.98 Others 39 13.63 Length of using Shoppe < 1 years 78 29.12 > 2-5 years 143 53.35% > 5 years 47 17.53", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "505", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 86, "width": 497, "height": 605, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Description Characteristics Frequency Percent (%) Average Income /month < 1 Million > 1 Million – 3 Million 81 136 87.9 8.3 > Rp 3 Million – Rp 5Million 51 3.8 Types of item purchased Fashion clothing Craft 129 23 48.13 8.58 Food Culinary 71 26.49 Electronic 26 9.70 Cosmetics 19 7.08 Source: Processed data, 2022 Table 3 Outer Loadings, Composite Reliability, Average Variance Extracted Construct Item Outer Loadings 1 Outer Loadings 2 Composite Reliability (CR) Average Variance Extracted (AVE) Epistemic value EV.1 0.706 0.732 0.862 0.611 EV.2 0.791 0.810 EV.3 0.802 0.799 EV.4 0.539 EV.5 0.714 0.783 EV.6 0.679 Flow value co- creation FVC.1 0.842 0.888 0.898 0.815 FVC.2 0.658 FVC.3 0.902 0.918 Mobile Apps Rating (RATE) RT.1 0.833 0.801 0.910 0.718 RT.2 0.860 0.920 RT.3 0.389 RT.4 0.873 0.904 RT.5 0.470 RT.6 0.819 0.752 Source: Processed data, 2022 Table 4 Discriminant Validity Table 5 The results of hypothesis testing Variable relation Original Sample Sample Mean Standard Deviation t-value p - values Hypothesis H1. EPV (X)  FVC (Z) 0.839 0.836 0.031 27.331 0.000 Supported H2. EPV (X)  RT (Y) 0.235 0.241 0.071 3.310 0.001 Supported H3. FVC (Z)  RT (Y) 0.326 0.337 0.109 2.992 0.003 Supported H4. (Me). EPV (X)  FVC(Z)  RT(Y) 0.274 0.282 0.093 2.947 0.003 Supported Source: Processed data, 2022 Variable EPV (Y) FVC (X) RT (Z) Epistemic (X) 0.782 Flow value Co creation (Z) 0.39 0.903 Rate (Y) 0.235 0.294 0.847", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "506", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 326, "width": 433, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Processed data, 2022 Figure 2. Full structural model of financial behavior and financial planning and control", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 367, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 388, "width": 245, "height": 342, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to build a conceptual model regarding epistemic value in applications through Flow value co-creation to increase the rating. SD logic, as proposed by Vargo & Lusch (2004), is a fundamental paradigm of shared value creation research (Andreu et al., 2010). Vargo & Lusch (2004) state that the former centers on tangible outputs and discrete transactions with intangibles, exchange processes, and relationships. Values can only be created with and defined by the users. Flow value co-creation is fun or enjoyment in using an application or marketplace. Epistemic positive relations (EPV), Flow value co-creation (FVC), and Rate (RT) are positive. The FVC relationship to RT has a logical impact in which the more comfortable, enjoyable, and safe using an", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 366, "width": 245, "height": 91, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "application, the better the RT. The model can be assumed that Flow value co-creation can mediate the inconsistency of complex debates from previous studies regarding Epistemic Correlation (EPV) at Rate (RT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 483, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH IMPLICATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 504, "width": 245, "height": 206, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Acceptance and rejection of the hypothesis reveal managerial implications, especially for startup makers in the form of applications to survive. First, updates for consumer users affect user enjoyment. Second, the evaluation of applications for target markets such as MSMEs and consumers in their use will have an impact on the market. Third, Flow value co-creation affects the stakeholders in improving application performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "507", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 106, "width": 245, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alhamdulillahirabil 'alamin, the researcher would like to thank the presence of Allah subhanahuwata'ala who has bestowed", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mercy, compassion, opportunity, health, and grace so that this article can be completed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 184, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 203, "width": 514, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akaka, M. 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01b34608-b111-7427-4c06-3ad7a71c6963	https://law-journal.hangtuah.ac.id/index.php/jurnal/article/download/176/111	[ { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 157, "width": 424, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PROCEDURE AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCE DUE TO THE CONVERSION OF COMMANDITAIRE VENOTSCHAP TO LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 196, "top": 247, "width": 203, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ang Vincent Lawrence Angelo Sendow ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 428, "height": 202, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The company takes an important part of the social life of the community. In order to carry out its business activities, the parties granted the freedom to conduct business individually or through a business entity. One form of business entity that is still alive which is oftenly used is through a Commanditaire Vennotschap (CV). As the time goes by, the existence of the CV is deemed no longer able to meet the demands arising from the development. This triggered the desire of the parties to change the form of business from CV into a legal entity. Limited Liability Company or in Indonesia called as “Perseroan Terbatas (PT)” becomes the main choice by the entrepreneurs. The conversion of a CV into a PT is a step that can be taken by the entrepreneurs. The conversion of the CV into a PT is possible to be carried out without having to terminate the CV in advance as the termination of the CV will have impacts on the agreement it has made to be settled on that time, whereas on the other hand the agreements that have been made have not yet expired or done.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "conversion, commanditaire vennotschap, legal consequences, limited liability company, procedures", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 346, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " Faculty of Law, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Correspondence: Ang Vincent Lawrence Angelo Sendow, Faculty of Law, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 36, "width": 266, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 76, "width": 394, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1 April 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 428, "height": 223, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The role of law is essential in improving the national development. One of the main aspects of national development is the economic development of a country. Legal reforms take a fundamental role in actualizing economic development in the country. The existence of business activities within a country will also affect the national development which is to improve the welfare of the society. One of the main pillars in the framework of national economic development is through business processes undertaken by the society as its parties. Although the parties often do not realize it, they basically takes legal steps with all its consequences when the parties entering the business activities (Agus Yudha Hernoko, 2010). Basically any business activity must be framed by the legal contract (Moch. Isnaeni, 2013). Recognizing that every business step is a legal step, it is appropriate that a legal measure be offset by the availability of adequate regulations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 428, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The company takes an important part of the social life of the community. The community as a consumer becomes the target for the company to distribute the products or services it produces. On the other hand, the community can also hold a position as the main supplier of the company's needs. Thus society and the company are on two sides that need each other (Tuti Rastuti, 2015). In order to carry out its business activities, the parties generally granted the freedom to conduct business activities individually or through a business entity. There are at least three forms of companies that can be chosen by the public i.e. sole proprietorship, limited liability company, and partnership companies (Yetti Komalasari Dewi, 2016). In Indonesia, business entity is divided into two categories, business entity as a legal entity and business entity which is not as a legal entity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One form of business entity that is still alive and growing, which is often used by entrepreneurs in order to run their business activities is through a Commanditaire Vennotschap (hereinafter abbreviated as CV). This form of business entity is oftenly used not only because of its easy establishment procedure, but the cost incurred in order to establish the CV is also not as big as a legal entity. As the time goes by, it turns out that the existence of the CV is deemed no longer able to meet the demands arising from the economic development. This triggered the desire of the parties to change the form of business entity from CV into a legal entity. As one of the legal entities, Limited Liability Company or in Indonesia called as “Perseroan Terbatas” (hereinafter", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "abbreviated as PT) becomes the main choice by the entrepreneurs considering the various advantages they have, such as the ability to develop themselves as well as the ability to enhance the capital (Agus Budiarto, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The conversion of a CV into a PT is a step that can be taken by the entrepreneurs. It is also possible that a conversion of the CV into a PT occurs as a result of the regulations that requires a certain business field to be run in the form of a PT. In practice, it turns out that the demands raised in society are not balanced by the availability of adequate regulations. This is because the legal arrangement of CV has never changed, but on the other hand the demands of the activities of CV have developed massively. This problem causing weakness for the entrepreneurs, economically and juridically.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The main objective of the conversion of a CV to a PT is to ensure that any agreements made by an ongoing CV may be transferred to a PT. The conversion of the CV into a PT results in the status of the CV to be automatically terminated by law and changing to a PT. Although in practice the changing form of the CV into PT has come to be known, but it turns out that this legal process is not accompanied by the availability of legal regulations governing it. This resulted that the procedure of the conversion of the CV into PT is not in line one another thus causing legal uncertainty. Based on what mentioned above, it will be further analyzed the procedures and legal consequences of the Conversion of CV into PT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 487, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The type of research used in this paper is normative research, specifically a doctrinal research. This study uses two types of legal materials, specifically primary law and secondary law to find solutions to legal issues appeared. This research is conducted by listing the applicable regulation related to the CV and PT, both in the aspect of the conversion arrangement, and in the aspect of legal consequences. As a normative study, the focus of this research is on theoretical matters concerning legal principles, legal concepts, statutory regulations, legal opinion, legal doctrines and related legal systems. In this paper, there are two types of approaches used, the conceptual approach and the statute approach.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 125, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Procedure of the Conversion of Commanditaire Vennotschap (CV) into Limited Liability Company (PT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 281, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In order to develop the business on a wider scale or to fulfill the obligations set by the government, one of the business development strategies that is possible to be taken is through the conversion of CV into PT. The main objective of the conversion is to ensure that any contracts made by an ongoing CV be able to be transferred to a PT. There are several procedures that need to be considered for the established CV must have committed legal actions with the other parties. The conversion is possible to be carried out without having to terminate the CV in advance as the termination of the CV will have impacts on the agreement it has made to be settled on that time, whereas on the other hand the agreements that have been made have not yet expired or done. This conversion will change the status of the company that previously was a non-legal entity into a legal entity, therefore there are matters that need to be considered and adjusted in order to obtain the status of a legal entity. There are several steps that must be fulfilled so that the agreement between the CV and the third party constantly continue. In relation thereto, the process of conversion of the CV into a PT is further divided into 3 (three) stages.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 428, "height": 281, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The first stage is the Calculation and Assessment of Assets of the CV. This stage aims to determine the amount of assets of the CV that are separated from the wealth of its members, whose will be converted into issued shares of the PT which will be established. In this case, an assessment of the assets of the CV should be conducted first. The Assessment of CV’s assets as intended, shall be done by calculating the assets, including the accounts and debts of the CV, as well as the distribution of the balance to the members, which shall then be set forth in the balance sheet and financial statements of the CV. The assessment should be undertaken by experts that are unaffiliated with the CV. In this case, the unaffiliated expert refers to a Public Appraiser. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 125/PMK.01/2008 concerning Public Appraisal Services, a Public Appraiser is an Appraiser who has obtained license from the Minister to provide valuation services to provide estimation and opinion on the economic value of an assessment object in accordance with the Indonesian Assessment Standards. In connection with the conversion of the CV into a PT, the calculation of the amount of income ( inbreng ) derived from the assets of the CV which is not in the form", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "of cash, especially in the form of land and/or building must be assessed in advance in order to be converted into par value of the shares.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 428, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In order to determine the balance sheet as well as the financial statements of the CV, this conversion should involve the role of the Public Accountant. The involvement of a Public Accountant in performing calculations/audits on the financial condition of the CV refers to the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 Year 2011 on the Public Accountant. Based on that regulation, it can be seen that the Public Accountant has a role in giving opinion on the quality and credibility of financial information of an entity. Thus, the responsibility of a Public Accountant rests on an opinion or statement of opinion on the report or financial information of an entity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The consideration for the assessment and calculation of the assets and liabilities of the CV by unaffiliated parties is to obtain objective results on the amount of assets of the CV which will be subdivided to its members to be converted into issued capital within the PT to be established (Adib Pangaribuan, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 365, "width": 428, "height": 242, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The second stage that needs to be implemented in this conversion is Announcement of Conversion Plan of CV into PT, Including Plans of Inclusion of Assets of CV into Issued Capital in PT. In relation to the conversion, the members of the CV shall be obliged to notify the plan to the parties related to the CV, whether to the creditors and to the debtors of the CV. In addition, the following conversion plans and financial statements of the CV should be announced in a media that are accessible to the public. This announcement to the third party also relates to the conversion process of the assets of the CV to the PT into the issued capital of the PT in the form of shares. The deposit of capital in the form of immovable goods ( onroerende goederen/zaken) must be announced in 2 (two) daily newspapers to be known by the public. Announcement regarding the deposit shall be made through Indonesian language daily newspapers with national circulation. The announcement contains the amount of capital in the form of immovable property and the other details (I. G. Rai Widjaya, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 621, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This announcement is needed in order to meet the principle of publicity, so that this information can be known by the public and to give an opportunity to the interested parties to object to the transfer of such item as a share capital deposit, for example, it is known that it does not belong to the depositor but to a third party. (Sujud Margono, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 320, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After the stages as described above are implemented, the next step that must be done is the Adjustment of Articles of Association of CV into the Deed of Establishment of PT. The deed of establishment of PT is an essential element that must be fulfilled in the establishment of the PT. It is necessary to affirm that the establishment of a PT is to continue the business activities of a conversed CV. In relation to the establishment of the PT, the result of the conversion, Article 7 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 regarding Limited Liability Company (hereinafter referred to as UUPT) stated that \"The Company is established by 2 (two) or more persons by notarial deed in Indonesian language\". This provision is considered as an imperative provision ( dwingendrecht ) and can not be disregarded by the parties even though on the basis of agreement. M. Yahya Harahap stated that the company's establishment must be made in writing ( scriftelijk ) in the form of deed, specifically in the form of notarial deed ( Notariele Akte ). The requirement of notarial deed not only serves as a probationis causa , which means notarial deed not only serves as a proof of the establishment of PT, but also serves as a solemnitatis causa , that if it is not made in the form of notarial deed, such stance is not eligible so that it can not be granted by the government (M. Yahya Harahap, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In order to establish PT as a result of the conversion of the CV, the parties can not directly apply for the approval of the establishment of a PT, but must submit a reservation and check the name of the company in advance. This is also regulated in government regulation number 43 of 2011 on Procedures of Application and Use of Limited Company Name (hereinafter referred to PP Number 43/2011). The filing of the company's name is made by a notary on behalf of the founder in the capacity as the applicant through the Information Technology Administration System of Electronic Legal Administration. This process is intended to provide protection and legal certainty to the founders of PT that have used the name of the company in good faith, as well as to other parties who have previously used the name of the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 428, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "If the submission of the name of the PT has obtained the approval from the Minister, the next stage is the issuance of the Deed of incorporation of the PT. The issuance of Deed of Establishment of PT shall be executed within 60 (sixty) days after the approval from the Minister. As previously stated that the deed of establishment of PT must be written in the form of notarial deed since the deed of establishment is positioned as probationis causa and also solemnitatis causa . In relation with the establishment of a PT as a conversion form from CV, the things that need to be set forth in the Deed of establishment of PT are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Referring to various forms of agreements and legal acts that have been committed and related to the ownership of shares, in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of UUPT as follows:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(i). If made by a underwritten deed, it is mentioned and attached to the minutes of the deed;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 184, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(ii). If made by an authentic deed, it shall mention the date, day, time and made before the Notary which makes the deed.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 230, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Approval of the allies/founders to transfer all rights and obligations of the CV to the PT. This takes a very fundamental provision in the establishment of PT as a result of the conversion of the CV. With this approval the liability of the allies in relation to the maintenance of the Legal Command will legally turn to the incorporated PT. In this matter, it includes the agreements that have been made with third parties. In relation with this process, the author considers this matter to be described it in the recitals section on the Deed of establishment of PT.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 373, "width": 428, "height": 146, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. The declaration that the incorporated PT is a continuation of the Business of the CV shall also describe the CV, include the number and date of the deed of establishment, as well as the amendments thereof, as well as the date of registration of establishment and amendment to the Registrar of the local District Court. Related to the statement, the author considers that information about the objectives of the establishment of a PT as a continuation of the business of the CV to be set forth in Article 3 of the Deed of Establishment of PT in relation with the purpose and objectives and business activities of the company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Another thing to be noted is the provisions of the capital of a PT. The regulation on capital is considered necessary considering that the Articles of Association of the CV generally do not contain the provisions concerning the Authorized Capital or the Issued/Paid-in Capital. In relation to the arrangement concerning the issued and paid up capital of PT as a conversion from the CV, the financial condition as outlined in the Final Balance of the CV shall be set forth in the Deed of Establishment of PT as Issued and Paid-in Capital. Therefore, the authors considered that the financial statements containing the balance sheet of CV which has been audited by Public Accountant is set forth in Article 4 of the Company's Articles of Association concerning Capital.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 224, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To obtain a Ministerial Decree on the legalization of a legal entity of the PT, the Applicant must submit an electronic application to the Minister. As to the application as intended, it must be submitted within 60 (sixty) days from the date of the establishment deed has been signed. Furthermore it is also determined that the proposed establishment format shall be accompanied by an electronic statement from the applicant concerning the documents for the establishment of the Company has been completed, while the physical supporting documents as intended, shall be kept by the notary as the applicant. The term of supporting documents as described is based on Regulation of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2014 jo . Regulation of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016 (hereinafter referred to as Permenkumham RI Number 4 of 2014 jo. Permenkumham RI Number 1 of 2016) includes:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 298, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Minutes of the deed of establishment of the Company;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 427, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Photocopy of deposit slip or photocopy of bank statement on behalf of the Company or joint account on behalf of the founders or original statement has deposited the capital of the Company signed by all members of the Board of Directors together with all founders and all members of the Board of Commissioners of the Company, if the deposit of capital in the form of money ;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 427, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Original certificate of assessment from an unaffiliated expert or proof of purchase of goods if the deposit of capital in a form other than money accompanied by proof of announcement in the newspaper if the deposit in the form of immovable objects;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 526, "width": 425, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Photocopy of balance sheet of incorporated Company or balance sheet of non- legal entity incorporated as capital deposit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Letter of declaration of the ability of the Founders to obtain the tax ID Number and the report of receipt of annual tax notice; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Photocopy of certificate of complete address of the Company from the authorized institution or original statement concerning the complete address of the Company signed by all members of the Board of Directors together with all Founders and all members of the Board of Commissioners of the Company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article 9 Paragraph (3) of UUPT has been stated that the procedure to obtain a Ministerial Decree on legalization of a legal entity of the company, where in the case that the founders of the company do not submit the application for legalization of a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 205, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "legal entity of the company, the founders of the company may only authorize the notary. In its implementation, based on the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (1) Permenkumham RI Number 4 of 2014 jo. Permenkumham RI Number 1 of 2016, Submission of application for legalization of a legal entity of the company shall be conducted by a notary as the power of the founder acting in the capacity of the applicant. This provision is a mandatory law ( dwingenrecht ), therefore, the founder shall appoint a notary as a power to act on the application (M. Yahya Harahap, 2016). Ratio Legis of this arrangement is based on the consideration that not all the founders of the PT understand the administrative system and the process of filing legal entity approval so that the submission is done by the party considered to master the process which in this case is notary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Existence of the First General Meeting of Shareholders After the Limited Liability Company Obtains the Minister's Approval", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In relation with the principle of law, basically the founders and the Board of Directors stands in the fiduciary position against the company as long as the company has not obtained the status as a legal entity. They are therefore personally liable for all legal acts committed by and to the third parties. It is also implied in the provision of Article 3 Paragraph (2) Sub-Paragraph a of the UUPT that \"Shareholders of the Company are personally responsible for the commitments made on behalf of the Company and are liable for losses of the Company in excess of the shares owned if the requirements of the company as legal entity have not been met or not met\". Thereby it may be interpreted that a legal act done before the company is legal as a legal entity shall be the sole responsibility of the party committing the act.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 428, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the event that the founders of the PT intend to include any legal act which occurs when the business entity is still in the form of a CV into an incorporated PT, then the first General Meeting of the Shareholders of the PT (hereinafeter abbreviated as GMS) since obtaining the status as a legal entity shall expressly accept or take over all rights and the obligations of the CV. Based on the provisions of Article 13 Paragraph (1) of the UUPT, principally legal action by the founder/allies for the interest of the Company that has not been established, binds to the PT after PT lawfully obtains the legal entity status. However, this transition can not be carried out directly by law ( van rechtswege, ipso jure ) (M. Yahya Harahap, 2016). Under the provisions of Article 13 paragraph (1) of UUPT, The legal act of the founders which in this case was formerly the allies of the CV, on behalf of the company will bind the company after becoming a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 33, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "legal entity when the first GMS expressly accept, take over and affirm in writing the act of the founders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 428, "height": 338, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It should also be affirmed that the Company's attachment to the legal act of the CV, through the GMS already authorized to become a legal entity shall itself be a party to the said agreement (Agus Budiarto, 2009). In the event that the first GMS does not expressly accept and assume all rights and obligations as mentioned above, the prospective founder committing the act of law shall be personally liable for any consequences arising (Agus Budiarto, 2009). The GMS as intended, shall be executed no later than 60 (sixty) days after the Company has obtained legal status as a legal entity. The first GMS to approve the legal actions of the founders of a PT shall be attended by all shareholders with voting rights and such decisions shall be unanimously approved. It is solely to bind the Company thereby resulting in the transfer of rights and obligations of all legal acts committed by the CV to the Company. In the event that it is not fulfilled by the provisions of this first GMS whether it is by the quorum, party that agrees, or has passed a period of time, the legal act committed by allies of the board on behalf of the CV is not binding on the company and the founders who are allied to the PT shall be personally liable to all the consequences arising from legal acts committed. Therefore, the existence of the first GMS is considered as an affirmation and approval of all agreements and legal acts committed by the founders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As a subject to the provisions of Article 13 paragraph (5) of the Company Law, the first GMS after obtaining the status as a legal entity is not required in the event that the legal act is committed or agreed in writing by all of the founders/allies prior to the establishment of the Company. This means that the legal acts committed by the founders of a PT that were formerly allies of the CV, if it has been mutually agreed to be transferred to the Limited Liability Company, upon the establishment of the PT, the first GMS referred to in Article 13 paragraph (1) is not required. Approval of the founders of this Limited Company is further can be poured in premises/recitals in the deed of establishment of PT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 428, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It should be noted that the exemption as referred to in Article 13 paragraph (5) of UUPT can only be applied if all the allies of the CV are the founders of the PT. In the event that any other party wishes to enter as a founder or an organ of a PT, it is still necessary to have a GMS to firmly accept, take over and affirm in writing the legal actions of the CV which are to be transferred to a PT. In the event that the GMS as", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "intended is not executed, the allies of the CV shall remain responsible for its legal actions on behalf of the CV into the responsibility of each partner in a mutually exclusive manner as stipulated in Article 18 of the Commercial Code.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 137, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Legal Consequences of the Conversion of the Commanditaire Vennotschap (CV) to a Limited Liability Company (CV) against the Conducted Agreements", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It has been explained previously that the main purpose of conversion of a CV into the PT is so that the agreements made by the ongoing Parties may be transferred to the PT. The conversion of the form of a CV into a PT resulted in the status of a CV automatically terminated by law and changing into a PT. The change of the form of the CV into a PT was held in order to avoid the stages of dissolution of the existing CV that will cause an impact on the agreements it has made to be settled on the spot, but on the other hand the agreements made with the third party have not yet expired or done.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 428, "height": 243, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As for the legal consequences of the conversion of the CV into a PT can be reviewed from various aspects. In relation to the conversion thereof, the change of the CV into a PT means to change the status of the company that was not previously incorporated as a legal entity, and hence the position of the CV as the party of the obligations made for the law shall be transferred to the PT. In relation to its responsibilities and management, the conversion of the CV into a PT will result in the transfer of responsibilities of the CV which in this case its operations are organized by the Managing Partners, to the responsibility of the PT and carried out by the Board of Directors. In connection with what is described above, it is necessary to renew the agreements that have been made. This is deemed mandatory to be carried out even in the course of the change, the founders of the PT have announced plans to conduct this conversion. This means that legally the treaties have been made by the CV, especially written agreements ( scriftelijk ), needs to be updated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the legal relationship embodied in the form of agreements, Sri Soedewi Masjchoen Sofwan argues that there are at least two parties, the Creditors as the party having receivables, and the Debtor as the party having the debt (Sri Soedewi Masjchoen Sofwan, 1980). If it is associated with the Agreement made by the CV through its Managing Partner, the CV can be positioned as Creditor or as Debtor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the case of a CV as a creditor, in addition to notification to the Debtor of the CV, the contract or agreement that has been made shall be renewed. Renewal of the agreement as intended, aiming to make the treaty made by the parties permanently bind the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "parties perfectly. In order to renew the agreement with the third parties, it is necessary to identify the forms and types of agreements previously made by the CV. This is necessary considering that in Article 12 of the company's Articles of Association there is the possibility of limiting the authority of the Board of Directors as determined by the founders. In this case it is necessary to reiterate that the requirement shall refer to the presence or absence of limitations on the authority of the Board of Directors in representing the PT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 428, "height": 148, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As well as in the case of a CV as a creditor, in the case of a CV having the position of a Debtor, the contract or agreement that has been made with the Creditor shall be renewed in order for the agreements made by the parties remain binding on the parties perfectly. In relation to the position of the company as a debtor, it should be noted that some agreements may be accompanied by additional agreements that aims to support the implementation of the principal agreement, or commonly known as the accessoir agreement. One of the accessoir agreements commonly encountered in the practice on the community is the collateral agreement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 376, "width": 428, "height": 261, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based from its type, collaterals can be differentiated into material guarantee and personal guarantee. Material guarantees are collateral for certain items owned by the debtor or third party property designated specifically for the benefit of certain creditors (Trisadini P. Usanti, et. al., 2016). The guarantee made by the parties is classified as a material agreement not an obligatoir agreement, and thus the right arose from a material agreement is a material right. Several types of commonly known guarantee institutions in Indonesia are Gadai ( pand ), Hypotheek , Hak Tanggungan (Mortgage), and Fiduciare Eigendom Overdracht (FEO/Fidusia). In addition to the material guarantee, known also the existence of Individual Guarantees that usually use the terms of the guarantee agreement ( borgtocht ). Article 1820 BW defines guarantee as an agreement with which a third party, in the interest of the debtor, binds himself to fulfill his indebted obligations when the debtor does not comply with his ageement. This indicates that the guarantee agreement is an accessoir agreement as well as the material agreement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 428, "height": 89, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In relation to an agreement positioning a CV as a debtor with a material agreement in the form of a principal agreement accompanied by a guarantee agreement, then both treaties need to be renewed together. The Ratio Legis of renewal of the principal agreement which involves a guarantee agreement is because of the involvement of a third party in a guarantee agreement or commonly known as third party guarantees.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This renewal is aimed at ensuring that the inherent guarantee agreement on the updated treaty remains perfectly binding on the parties. On the other hand, renewal of this warranty agreement is a reaffirmation of the guarantor of the updated principal agreement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Renewal of all agreements, specifically agreements originate from written agreements, is principally intended to provide optimal legal protection to all parties, creditors, debtors and even to third parties as guarantors. The creditor obtains legal protection for the accomplishment of the achievement, the debtor obtains legal protection for his/her rights as the debtor in the agreement, while the third party guarantors get legal protection in relation to the assurance of the status of the principal agreement made. With the realization of optimal legal protection for the parties, it is expected that the objectives of law in order to in order to actualize certainty, justice, and expediency can be realized", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whereas the conversion of the CV into PT is possible to be carried out without having to terminate the CV first. This conversion resulted in the status of the CV to be automatically dissolving by law and changing into a PT. The process of conversion divided into stages of Calculation and Assessment of Assets of CV; Announcement of the Plan of conversion, Including the Plan of Inclusion of Assets of CV into Issued Capital on the PT; and Adjustment of Articles of Association of CV into the Deed of Establishment of PT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 506, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In relation to the transfer of rights and obligations of the CV to the PT, in the case of all partners of the CV are the founders of the PT, no GMS is required to take over the rights and obligations of the founders. The transfer of rights and obligations shall be done in writing as set forth in the Deed of Establishment of PT, specifically on the part of premises/recitals. However, in the case of any founder of a PT is not an ally of the CV, and all the founders wish to include any legal action that has been made into the PT to be established, it is necessary to hold the first GMS to receive or take over all rights and obligations of the CV in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 paragraph (1) UUPT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The conversion of the CV into a PT brings the legal consequence that the position of the CV as a party on a contract shall be transferred to the PT. In connection with the conversion, it is necessary to renew the agreements it has made in both the Creditor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 109, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and the Debtor positions. About all the agreements made in the position of the Debtor that are supported by a guarantee agreement, the party providing the guarantee shall renew the guarantee agreement to provide optimal legal protection for both the Debtor, the Creditor and the third Party as the guarantor. With the realization of optimal legal protection for the parties, it is expected that the objectives of law in order to actualize certainty, justice, and expediency can be realized", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdulkadir Muhammad. (1999). Hukum Perusahaan Indonesia . 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551fa27f-07d9-0d38-3097-7aab2b105d6f	https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/majalahfarmaseutik/article/download/24123/15779	[ { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 481, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "300", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 85, "width": 405, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SWAMEDIKASI PADA PASIEN GERIATRI DI APOTEK AFINA DAN FARMARIN KOTA YOGYAKARTA PERIODE MEI-JULI 2014", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 163, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SELF-MEDICATION OF THE GERIATRIC PATIENTS AT AFINA AND FARMARIN PHARMACIES IN YOGYAKARTA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 194, "width": 194, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERIOD MAY – JULY 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 407, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti 1 , Dyah Aryani Perwitasari 2 , Wahyu Widyaningsih 2 1 Program Pasca Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 249, "width": 283, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Fakultas Farmasi UAD, Yogyakarta Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 286, "width": 67, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 300, "width": 372, "height": 274, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apotek merupakan salah satu tempat pelayanan kesehatan yang menyediakan kebutuhan pasien, salah satunya obat-obatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri di Apotek Afina (AF) dan Apotek Farmarin (FARM). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan membandingkan kelompok pasien geriatri di Apotek AF dengan kelompok pasien geriatri di Apotek FARM. Pasien di Apotek AF akan diberi konseling oleh Apoteker, sedangkan di Apotek FARM diberikan informasi obat. Data yang diperoleh meliputi data demografi responden, riwayat penyakit, obat yang digunakan, kepatuhan penggunan obat, dan kesembuhan pasien yang dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri di Apotek AF dan FARM. Analisis chi square dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan konseling terhadap kesembuhan. Hasil analisis chi square antara pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan maupun kesembuhan didapatkan p<0,001 yang berarti ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan ataupun kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri di kedua apotek tersebut, dimana Apotek AF memberikan konseling sedangkan Apotek FARM memberikan informasi obat. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara pemberian konseling (di Apotek AF) terhadap tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pada pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri. Ini berarti bahwa tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien geriatri di Apotek AF lebih baik dibandingkan di Apotek FARM yang hanya diberikan informasi obat saja. Kata Kunci : swamedikasi, geriatri, apotek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 589, "width": 75, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 603, "width": 372, "height": 153, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pharmacy is one of the public health services that provide the health needs of patients such as the availability of medicines. Self-medication is one way to get drugs to patients in improving health status. The purpose of this study was to determine differences the effect of counseling and information delivery service on geriatric patients’ adherence and treatment outcime who do self medication in AF and FARM Pharmacy. This study was an experimental study comparing groups of geriatric patients in AF and FARM Pharmacies. Patients in the AF Pharmacy would be counseled by pharmacist, while in the FARM Pharmacy given drug information only. Data obtained included respondent demographic data, medical history, drug use, use patients’ adherence and cure patients treatment outcame were analyzed descriptively to obtain a profile of geriatric patients who do self-medication. Chi square analysis results between counseling on adherence and healing obtained ρ <0.001, which means there were significant differences in the provision of counseling on adherence or cure", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pada Pasien Geriatri …", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 425, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "301 Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 85, "width": 372, "height": 76, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "geriatric patients who take medication alone in the pharmacy, where the AF pharmacy given counseling while FARM pharmacy given of drug information. It can be concluded that there were differences between counseling (in AF pharmacy) on the level of compliance and healing in geriatric patients who do their own treatment, which means the level of compliance and cure geriatric patients in AF pharmacy better than in FARM pharmacy were only given of drug information.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 161, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key words :self-medication, geriatric, pharmacy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 81, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 196, "width": 198, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) swamedikasi diartikan sebagai tindakan sendiri untuk mengobati segala keluhan pada diri sendiri atau sebagai pemilihan dan penggunaan obat, termasuk pengobatan herbal dan tradisional, oleh individu untuk merawat diri sendiri dari penyakit atau gejala penyakit. Obat-obat golongan obat bebas dan obat bebas terbatas merupakan obat yang relatif aman digunakan untuk swamedikasi (Anonim, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 198, "height": 248, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi perlu dimonitoring seorang apoteker khususnya pada pasien geriatri yang dikarenakan adanya penurunan fungsi organnya dan akumulasi penyakit-penyakit degeneratif sehingga perlu informasi obat atau konseling dengan tujuan agar mendapat pelayanan langsung dan menyeluruh kepada masyarakat sehingga keahlian dan keilmuan apoteker dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal dalam rangka peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi pemilihan obat yang tepat sesuai kondisi pasien ( assessment ), merencanakan pelayanan ( care plan ), pencampuran obat ( dispensing ), monitoring dan evaluasi kemajuan hasil terapi ( follow-up evaluation of the patient ) (Anonim, 2004). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian informasi obat atau konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek Afina (AF) dan Apotek Farmarin (FARM).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 120, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 197, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tempat penelitian yang digunakan adalah Apotek Afina (AF) dan Apotek Farmarin (FARM) Kota Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 613, "width": 197, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data menggunakan sebuah angket yang berisi tentang identitas dan penggalian informasi riwayat pengobatan sendiri secara tertulis yang digunakan sebagai data primer dan dokumen-dokumen apotek seperti jumlah pasien geriatri yang berkunjung di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM sebagai data sekunder.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasien dikatakan patuh atau tidak patuh dilihat dari kesesuaian pasien dalam minum obat (aturan pakai yang diberikan) dan jumlah obat yang dikonsumsi sesuai atau tidak. Sedangkan kesembuhan pasien dapat diukur dari jawaban", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 184, "width": 197, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pasien dalam angket yang menjelaskan tentang kondisi pasien setelah minum obat apakah menjadi lebih baik atau kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 230, "width": 136, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JALANNYA PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 242, "width": 197, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasien geriatri melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dan FARM. Di Apotek AF, pasien diberikan konseling oleh Apoteker, sedangkan di Apotek FARM pemberian informasi obat dilakukan oleh Apoteker. Desain penelitian secara garis besar ditunjukkan melalui gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 309, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai pasien sesuai dengan pertanyaan- pertanyaan dalam angket untuk mengungkapkan identitas responden, riwayat pengobatan, dan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 366, "width": 197, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data diperoleh melalui survei langsung terhadap responden yang terpilih berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Krtieria inklusi adalah pasien geriatri yang mempunyai keluhan atau penyakit satu macam yang bersifat ringan dan tidak membutuhkan pemeriksaan dokter. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien geriatri yang sebelumnya sudah menggunakan jamu atau obat untuk mengatasi keluhannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 467, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang didapatkan dikoding dalam bentuk tabel di dalam microsoft excel kemudian data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 503, "width": 148, "height": 237, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geriatri melakukan swamedikasi Apotek AF Apotek FARM Diberikan konseling oleh Apoteker di Apotek AF Pemberian Informasi Obat oleh Apoteker di Apotek FARM Dibandingkan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien Gambar 1. Desain Penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 484, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "302", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dianalisis dengan SPSS untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 733, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di kedua apotek tersebut, dimana Apotek AF", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 93, "width": 412, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel I. Data Demografi Responden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 120, "width": 318, "height": 146, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kategori Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % N % Pendidikan SD - SMU 46 76,7 34 56,7 Diploma - Sarjana 14 23,3 26 43,3 Wiraswasta 14 23,3 11 18,3 Pekerjaan IRT 25 41,7 24 40 Pegawai Swasta 13 21,7 2 3,3 Pensiunan 8 13,3 23 38,4 Penghasilan ≤ Rp.800.000,00 21 35 5 8,3 ≥ Rp.800.000,00 39 65 35 58,4 Tidak tentu 0 0 20 33,3 Usia 60 – 65 tahun 41 68,3 31 31,7 66 – 70 tahun 17 28,4 25 41,7 ≥71 tahun 2 3,3 4 6,6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 275, "width": 409, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel II. Jarak Rumah Responden ke Sarana Pelayanan Kesehatan dari Respomden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 303, "width": 288, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kategori Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % N % Rumah – Apotek <500 m 3 5 17 28,3 500 - 1000 m 55 91,7 8 13,3 >1000 m 2 3,3 35 58,4 Rumah – RS <500 m 0 0 0 0 500 - 1000 m 54 90 12 20 >1000 m 6 10 48 48 Rumah – Puskes. <500 m 0 0 0 0 500 - 1000 m 59 98,3 33 55 >1000 m 1 1,7 27 45", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 429, "width": 415, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel III. Riwayat Pengobatan Sendiri Responden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 457, "width": 372, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n % Apakah saudara sering lakukan pengobatan sendiri dalam 3 bulan terakhir? Ya 60 100 59 98,3 Tidak 0 0 1 1,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 112, "top": 572, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika Ya, apa alasannya?", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 516, "width": 372, "height": 203, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cepat sembuh 60 100 8 12,7 Biaya dokter lebih mahal 0 0 5 7,9 Apotek sudah menjadi langganan 0 0 8 12,7 Cepat ganti obat 0 0 1 1,6 Obat lebih murah di Apotek 0 0 12 19,0 Jauh dari dokter 0 0 2 3,2 Tidak ada waktu periksa ke dokter 0 0 13 20,6 Supaya cepat dapat obat 0 0 9 14,3 Dekat dengan tempat kerja 0 0 2 3,2 Tidak ada yang mengantar ke dokter 0 0 1 1,6 Karena penyakitnya ringan 0 0 2 3,2 Jika tidak, apa alasannya? takut 0 0 1 100 Berapa biaya obat rata-rata yang dikeluarkan? < Rp3.500,00 1 1,7 0 0 Rp3.500,00 - Rp8.000,00 10 16,6 1 1,7 Rp8.000,00 - Rp15.000,00 43 71,7 22 36,6 >Rp15.000,00 6 10 37 61,7 Bagaimana saudara peroleh obat saat pengobatan sendiri? Memilih sendiri 9 15 14 23,3 Dipilihkan petugas apotek 51 85 46 76,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pada Pasien Geriatri …", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "303", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 319, "top": 776, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 197, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan konseling, sedangkan Apotek FARM tidak memberikan konseling, melainkan memberikan informasi obat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis selanjutnya membahas tentang perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan antara apotek yang memberikan konseling (Apotek AF) dengan apotek yang hanya memberikan informasi obat (Apotek FARM).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 186, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 196, "width": 198, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis data dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan sejumlah variabel yang hendak diteliti yang menunjukkan hasil dari data demografi responden, riwayat penyakit, pola penggunaan obat, kepatuhan penggunaan obat, dan kesembuhan dari responden atau pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi pada bulan Mei–Juli 2014 di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM yang dipersentasekan berdasarkan jumlah keseluruhan dan persentase.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 197, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis chi square untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian informasi obat atau konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan pengaruh pemberian informasi obat terhadap kesembuhan pada pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 148, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemberian konseling terhadap tingkat kepatuhan dan tingkat kesembuhan pada swamedikasi pasien geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 197, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel I menyajikan data demografi responden dimana sebagian besar responden berpendidikan terakhir yaitu kategori SD–SMU dengan mayoritas pekerjaan yaitu IRT (ibu rumah tangga) serta penghasilan rata-rata ≥Rp800.000,00 untuk kedua apotek tersebut. Sedangkan usia yang paling banyak di Apotek AF yaitu dari 60-65 tahun dan di Apotek FARM yaitu dari 66-70 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 568, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kurniasih (2014)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 568, "width": 198, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam penelitiannya menyebutkan bahwa pada umumnya kualitas hidup seseorang dapat menurun dengan seiring bertambahnya usia. Dilihat dari segi pendidikan, pengetahuan merupakan hal penting karena dengan pendidikan yang tinggi maka mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas sehingga dapat mengontrol kondisinya dalam mengatasi keluhan atau rasa sakit yang mungkin dirasakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 197, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kurniasih, (2014) mengatakan bahwa berbagai jenis pekerjaan akan berpengarih pada frekuensi dan distribusi penyakit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 197, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penghasilan yang rendah akan berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan maupun pencegahan. Seseorang kurang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mungkin ada karena tidak mempunyai cukup uang untuk membeli obat atau membayar transportasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 107, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel II menyajikan jarak rumah responden dengan sarana pelayanan kesehatan. Jarak rumah dengan rumah sakit atau puskesmas membuat pasien malas untuk berobat ke sana dan memilih apotek sebagai jalan alternatifnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 164, "width": 197, "height": 157, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel III, keluhan yang dirasakan pasien dan alasan memilih swamedikasi ke sarana pelayanan kesehatan bermacam-macam. Alasan cepat sembuh merupakan alasan utama responden melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF. Sedangkan di Apotek FARM alasan terbesar adalah tidak ada waktu periksa ke dokter. Hal ini terjadi karena obatlebih cepat didapat dan mudah bahkan lebih murah daripada responden melakukan periksa dulu ke dokter. Sebagian besar responden saat swamedikasi meminta dipilihkan obatnya oleh petugas di apotek atau Apoteker dengan alasan bahwa mereka adalah ahlinya dibidang obat-obatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 321, "width": 197, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel IV memaparkan tentang jenis penyakit atau keluhan yang dirasakan pasien. Keluhan yang disampaiakan ke petugas apotek sangat bervariasi. Sehingga oba-obat yang diberikan pun juga sangat bervariasi. Mayoritas keluhan dari responden yang dirasakan sudah dalam waktu lebih atau sama dengan 3 hari. Dan obat-obat yang didapatkan ada yang mendapatkan 1 macam obat, ada juga yang mendapatkan 2 macam obat, tergantung keluhan yang dirasakan pasien. Misalnya ada pasien yang mengeluhkan radang tenggorokan. Responden tersebut diberikan 2 macam obat yaitu jenis obat tablet hisap antiseptik-antibiotik dan kortikosteroid. Jika pasien tersebut hanya mengeluhkan nyeri lutut misalnya, responden tersebut mendapatkan 1 macam obat seperti jenis obat NSAID.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 512, "width": 197, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel V menunjukkan tentang jumlah obat, aturan pakai, dan sisa obat. Mayoritas obat yang didapatkan responden sekitar 6–10 tablet/kapsul baik di Apotek AF ataupun di Apotek FARM. Aturan pakai yang dianjurkan juga bermacam-macam tergantung jenis obat yang diberikan dan tingkat keparahan dari apa yang dikeluhkan pasien. Sisa obat dari yang digunakan responden baik di Apotek FARM ataupun Apotek AF sebagian besar kurang dari 3 tablet/kapsul hal ini menandakan bahwa obat yang dikonsumsi hampir habis dan keluhan yang dirasakan berkurang. Hal ini dapat dilihat di Tabel VI tentang data kondisi pasien setelah minum obat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 670, "width": 197, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel VI tentang data kondisi pasien setelah minum obat, di Apotek AF 95% responden memilih lebih baik kondisinya setelah minum obat, sedangkan di Apotek FARM sekitar 68,3%, yang artinya tingkat kesembuhan responden di Apotek AF lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Apotek FARM. Hal ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 484, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "304", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikarenakan di Apotek AF, responden diberikan konseling saat melakukan swamedikasi, sedangkan di Apotek FARM hanya pemberian informasi obat saja. Sehingga tingkat kesembuhan responden di Apotek AF dapat lebih dipantau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 695, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dibandingkan di Apotek FARM. Hal ini lebih diperkuat lagi dengan hasil berapa hari setelah minum obat kondisi responden lebih baik. Di Apotek AF mayoritas responden akan merasa lebih baik setelah minum obat selama kurang dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 412, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel IV. Tindakan Pengobatan Sendiri Respomden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 124, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 148, "width": 385, "height": 323, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apa yang anda rasakan saat ini (keluhan, kondisi, riwayat penyakit)? Nyeri lutut 4 6,7 2 3,1 Nyeri Gigi 8 13,3 7 10,9 Pegal-pegal 1 1,7 11 17,2 Pilek 14 23,3 0 0 Gusi bengkak 5 8,3 1 1,6 Batuk dahak 12 20 5 7,8 Pusing 5 8,3 8 12,5 Gatal alergi 3 5 3 4,7 Demam 6 10 3 4,7 Gatal disela jari 1 1,7 0 0 Alergi 1 1,7 1 1,6 Sesak 0 0 3 4,7 Nyeri pinggang 0 0 1 1,6 Nyeri lambung 0 0 1 1,6 Jamur/panu 0 0 3 4,7 Radang tenggorokan 0 0 4 6,3 Radang 0 0 1 1,6 Susah BAB/ Konstipasi 0 0 1 1,6 Migrain/ vertigo 0 0 4 6,3 Maag 0 0 1 1,6 Sakit perut 0 0 2 3,1 Meriang 0 0 1 1,6 Batuk pilek 0 0 1 1,6 Berapa Lama Keluhan yang dirasakan? ≤ 3 hari 60 100 54 90 > 3 hari 0 0 6 10 Obat yang saudara kehendaki pilihan sendiri atau dipilihkan? Pilihan sendiri 8 13,3 18 30 Dipilihkan 52 86,7 42 70", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 475, "width": 198, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Obat yang akan digunakan? Analgetik - Antipiretik", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 97, "top": 474, "width": 385, "height": 212, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 18,3 11 15,9 NSAID 17 28,3 13 18,8 Dekongestan 14 23,3 0 0 Multivitamin 1 1,7 10 14,5 Antihistamin 5 8,3 4 5,8 Ekspektoran 12 20 5 7,2 Antiasma 0 0 3 4,3 Maag 0 0 2 2,9 Antispasmodik 0 0 2 2,9 ACEI 0 0 1 1,4 Kortikosteroid 0 0 6 8,7 Antifungi 0 0 3 4,3 Tab hisap Antiseptik- Antibiotik 0 0 4 5,8 Obat vertigo 0 0 4 5,8 Dekongestan + antitusif 0 0 1 1,4 Macam obat yang digunakan? 1 macam 60 100 50 83,3 2 macam 0 0 10 17,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pada Pasien Geriatri …", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "305", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 319, "top": 776, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 197, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 hari sedangkan di Apotek FARM lebih dari atau sama dengan 3 hari. Hal ini mengartikan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan pasien di Apotek AF lebih tinggi daripada di Apotek FARM karena obat yang diberikan diminum sesuai aturan sehingga tingkat kesembuhannya lebih cepat atau tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 197, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian konseling tentang obat dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien (Kurniasih, 2014). Selain itu, menurut Alfian (2014), memberikan pemberian layanan pesan singkat pengingat oleh farmasis pada pasien hipertensi dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien minum obat selain memberikan informasi obat atau konseling langsung kepada pasien. Sejalan dengan penelitian tersebut, pemberian informasi obat atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 317, "width": 197, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "konseling kepada pasien saat pengobatan, dimana adanya intervensi farmasis dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan dalam pengobatan (Morisky et.al. , 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 356, "top": 350, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Fenerty et.al. (2012)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 362, "width": 197, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merekomendasikan penggunaan teknologi baru untuk membantu peningkatan kesehatan. Layanan pesan singkat atau telepon dapat digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan kesehatan kepada pemilik telepon genggam sehingga dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien untuk minum obat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 429, "width": 197, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF yang mendapatkan konseling memiliki tingkat kepatuhan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek FARM yang hanya diberikan informasi obat saja. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada Tabel VII, dimana nilai ρ <0,001 yang berarti ada pengaruh pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan kelompok pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 566, "width": 197, "height": 146, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepatuhan pasien berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan suatu pengobatan atau kesembuhan dari pasien. Hasil terapi tidak akan dicapai secara optimal tanpa adanya kesadaran dari pasien itu sendiri, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kegagalan terapi, serta dapat menimbulkan komplikasi yang sangat merugikan dan akhirnya akan berakibat fatal (Hussar, 1995). Oleh karena itu, selain adanya konseling atau pemberian informasi obat, juga diperlukan suatu evaluasi terhadap pasien yang dapat berupa menanyakan kembali atau mengevaluasi kondisi pasien tersebut melalui telepon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 712, "width": 197, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VIII menunjukkan perbandingan tingkat kesembuhan dari pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dengan di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 92, "width": 192, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel V. Data Aturan Pemakaian Obat oleh Responden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 82, "top": 137, "width": 203, "height": 180, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n % Jumlah obat yang diberi ≤ 5 tablet/kapsul 16 26,7 9 15 6-10 tablet/kapsul 44 73,3 40 66,7 > 10 tablet/kapsul 0 0 11 18,3 Aturan pakai obat Sehari 1 x 1 tab/kap 4 6,7 11 16,4 Sehari 2 x 1 tab/kap 15 25 12 17,9 Sehari 3 x 1 tab/kap 41 68,3 37 55,2 Sehari 3-4 x 1 tab/kap 0 0 3 4,5 Sehari 3 x 2 tab/kap 0 0 1 1,5 Bila Perlu 0 0 2 3,0 Minum pertama 2, berikutnya 1 0 0 1 1,5 Sisa obat < 3 tablet/kapsul 38 63,3 53 88,3 ≥ 3 tablet/kapsul 22 36,7 7 11,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 83, "top": 336, "width": 193, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VI. Data Aturan Pemakaian Obat oleh Respomden", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 200, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014 Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n % Yg dirasakan setelah minum obat? Lebih baik 57 95 41 68,3 Kurang baik 3 5 19 31,7 Tidak baik 0 0 0 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 429, "width": 194, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika kurang/tidak, apa yang dirasakan saat ini? Masih pegal 1 1,7 2 3,3 Masih batuk 2 3,3 2 3,3 Masing pusing 0 0 3 5 Masih gatal 0 0 2 3,3 Masih panu 0 0 3 5 Masih nyeri 0 0 2 3,3 Masih gliyer 0 0 1 1,7 Masih melilit 0 0 1 1,7 Masih sakit 0 0 1 1,7 Masih demam 0 0 2 3,3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 519, "width": 198, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika lebih, berapa hari setelah minum obat? < 3 hari 54 90 15 25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 81, "top": 533, "width": 202, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "≥ 3 hari 6 10 26 43,3 Jika lebih, setelah berapa jumlah yang diminum? ≤ 5 tab/kap 27 45 13 21,7 6 - 10 tab/kap 30 50 34 56,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 146, "top": 565, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ">10 tabt/kap 0 0 1 1,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 92, "width": 187, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VII. Hasil Analisis Chi Square tentang Pengaruh Konseling terhadap Kepatuhan Patuh Tidak Patuh Chi Square (Sig.) n(%) n(%) Dengan konseling / Apt. AF 49 (81,7) 11 (18,3) 0,000 Dengan PIO / Apt. FARM 22 (36,7) 38 (63,3)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 211, "width": 181, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VIII. Hasil Analisis Chi Square tentang Pengaruh Konseling terhadap Kesembuhan Lebih baik Kurang baik Chi Square (Sig.) n(%) n(%) Dengan Konseling / Apt. AF 57 (95) 3 (5) 0,000 Denngan PIO / Apt. FARM 41 (68,3) 19 (31,7)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 484, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "306", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 198, "height": 203, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apotek FARM, dimana tingkat kesembuhan di Apotek AF lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tingkat kesembuhan di Apotek FARM, dimana nilai ρ <0,001 yang berarti ada pengaruh pemberian konseling terhadap tingkat kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di kedua apotek tersebut. Sejalan dengan penelitian Tumiwa, dkk (2014), yang mengatakan bahwa 96% pasien geriatri yang ikut dalam penelitian patuh dan sembuh setelah mendapatkan informasi obat dan konseling saat melakukan pemeriksaan di rumah sakit dan mendapatkan obat, sedangkan 4% dari jumlah pasien yang ikut dalam penelitian tersebut tidak patuh. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa konseling dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan dan kesembuhan dari pasien yang mendapatkan terapi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini meliputi tingkat pendidikan pasien yang berbeda- beda, sifat keterbukaan dan kondisi emosional pasien yang menyebabkan jawaban yang diperoleh bervariasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 356, "width": 78, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 368, "width": 197, "height": 158, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada perbedaan pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pada pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di kedua apotek yang ditunjukkan dengan analisis chi square dengan nilai ρ <0,001. Tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan di Apotek AF lebih baik karena diberikan konseling daripada di Apotek FARM yang hanya diberikan informasi obat. Adapun keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adanya tingkat pendidikan pasien yang berbeda-beda yang dapat memberikan persepi yang berbeda. Kondisi emosional pasien saat melakukan swamedikasi serta sifat keterbukaan dari pasien yang dapat mempengaruhi dari konseling yang dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 537, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 197, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alfian, R., 2014, Layanan Pesan Singkat Pengingat untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan dan Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 197, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saleh Banjarmasin, Media Farmasi , 11(2):189-196. Anonim, 2004, SK Nomor 1027/MENKES/SK/IX/2004 tentang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 169, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Petunjuk Teknis Pelaksanaan Standar Kefarmasian di Apotek.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 198, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anonim, 2014, Topik Sajian Utama : Menuju Swamedikasi yang Aman. Buletin InfoPOM. Vol.15 No.1:1-12. Fenerty, S.D., West, C., Davis, S.A., Kaplan, S.G., Feldman, S.R., 2012, The effect of reminder systems on patients’adherence to treatment, Patient Preference and Adherence , 6:127–135.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hussar, D.A., 1995, Patient Compliance, in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 96, "width": 169, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, Philadelphia, 1796- 1807.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 141, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurniasih, N., 2014, Pengaruh Pemberian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 152, "width": 197, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konselling dan Short Message Service (SMS) terhadap Pengetahuan, Kepatuhan, Outcame Terapi Hipertensi dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hemodialisis di RSUD Banjar Maret-April 2014, [ Tesis ], Program Pasca Farmasi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta. Morisky, A.B., Ang, A., Krousel-Wood, M.A., Ward, H., 2008, Predictive Validity of A medication Adherence Measure in an Outpatient Setting, J. Health-Syst.Pharm ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 276, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10:348-54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 287, "width": 197, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tumiwa, N.N.G., Yamlean, P.V.Y., dan Citraningtyas, G., 2014, Pelayanan Informasi Obat terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Geriatri di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado, Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi , 3(3):310- 315.", "type": "Text" } ]
65cae4bb-aa2a-2ebc-11e2-42c064921005	https://journal.stieamm.ac.id/valid/article/download/102/77	[ { "left": 123, "top": 69, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 82, "width": 288, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 95, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 107, "width": 367, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Studi Pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 127, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 139, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Nur Fitriyah 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 262, "top": 151, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Endar Pituringsih 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 163, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 175, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2,3) Program Magister Akuntansi Universitas Mataram", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 212, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 408, "height": 188, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study aimed to examine the influence of the implementation of the Government Accounting Standards, human resources competencies and performance of employees on the quality of financial statements presented by the government. Population in this research is the employee at the Ministry of Religious Regional Office of West Nusa Tenggara province amount 126 people. The sampling technique in this study using purposive sampling method, which is only the employees who are responsible for financial management, of budget planning and administration and financial reporting. Data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 77 respondents who fit into the criteria of the sample. Data analysis using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the Government Accounting Standards, human resources competencies and performance of employees has positive influence on the quality of financial statements. The better the implementation of SAP, the competence of its human resources and employee performance, the higher the quality of government financial reports are produced. The implications of this study explains the importance of the implementation of SAP, human resources competencies and performance of employees to improve the quality of financial statements that can be used as best as possible to making the right decision. So the conflicts that may arise in the agency theory can be minimized.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 420, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords : Quality of financial statements, Competencies, performance of employees, Government Accounting Standards.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 457, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 469, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam rangka menciptakan tata kelola yang baik (good governance), pemerintah Indonesia terus melakukan berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan negara. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan negara salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan pengembangan kebijakan akuntansi pemerintah berupa standar akuntansi pemerintahan (SAP) yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pedoman pokok dalam penyusunan dan penyajian laporan keuangan pemerintah baik pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah. SAP merupakan persyaratan yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 564, "width": 408, "height": 104, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tuntutan masyarakat kepada pemerintahan adalah dihasilkannya laporan keuangan yang telah memenuhi keempat karakteristik kualitas laporan keuangan yaitu: relevan, andal, dapat dibandingkan dan dapat dipahami (PP No. 71 Tahun 2010). Laporan keuangan adalah suatu alat pertanggungjawaban atas kinerja keuangan manajemen suatu pemerintahan kepada publik yang dipercayakan kepadanya (Prasetya, 2005). Informasi dalam laporan keuangan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Di mana pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan tersebut menggunakan informasi yang terdapat dalam laporan keuangan untuk mengambil suatu keputusan. Keputusan yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat membawa pemerintahan ke arah yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 671, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada Kementerian Agama khususnya di Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), pemberian paragraf penjelas disebabkan karena terjadi ketidak singkronan antara data aset pada aplikasi Sistem Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (SAKPA) dengan Sistem Akuntansi Barang Milik Negara (SIMAK-BMN). hampir seluruh satuan kerja di Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB mengalami perbedaan pencatatan aset antara SAKPA dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "192", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMAK BMN. Perbedaan pencatatan ini terutama disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman petugas SAK maupun SIMAK-BMN terkait akumulasi penyusutan aset tetap dan administrasi pencatatan persediaan yang belum tertib. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas laporan keuangan yang disajikan oleh Kanwil Kemenag Prov. NTB masih belum memadai untuk digunakan sebagai sumber pengambilan keputusan. Karena pengguna laporan akan kesulitan untuk menilai informasi mana yg benar diantara kedua laporan SAKPA dan SIMAK-BMN tersebut. Alasan inilah yang membuat penulis tertarik untuk mengungkap faktor-faktor apa yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan di Kanwil Kementerian Agama Prov. NTB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 164, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan Kanwil Kementerian Agama Prov. NTB adalah penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan. Penyusunan laporan keuangan diharapkan berpedoman pada standar yang telah ditentukan. Dalam hal ini yaitu Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan. Di mana berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 tahun 2010 standar akuntansi pemerintahan merupakan pedoman di dalam menyusun dan menyajikan laporan keuangan. Standar akuntansi pemerintahan adalah syarat mutlak yag harus dijadikan pedoman agar kualitas laporan keuangan di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terkait dengan kualitas laporan keuangan, Sumber Daya Manusia merupakan unsur yang paling penting, sebab dengan adanya sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, maka pekerjaan yang dilakukan akan berjalan dengan baik. Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan profesional tentu akan berpengaruh pada peningkatan kualitas Laporan Keuangan. Oleh karena itu pengembangan sumber daya manusia sangat perlu dilakukan agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang nantinya akan mampu meningkatkan kinerja. Karena sumber daya manusia adalah faktor penting demi terciptanya laporan keuangan yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 330, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keberhasilan suatu entitas bukan hanya dipengaruhi oleh sumber daya manusia yang dimilikinya melainkan kinerja sumber daya manusia yang dimilikinya. Dalam hal ini kinerja pegawai memiliki peranan yang sangat penting untuk merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan mengendalikan entitas yang bersangkutan. Kinerja pegawai adalah ciri seseorang yang dapat dilihat dari keterampilan, pengetahuan, dan kemampuan yang dimilikinya dalam hal menyelesaikan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan kepadanya (Indriasari 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 402, "width": 408, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Beberapa penelitian terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah antara lain dilakukan Nugraheni dan Subaweh (2008) yang menemukan bahwa penerapan SAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Demikian juga penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kusumah (2012), menunjukkan bahwa penerapan SAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Penelitian lain terkait pengaruh kompetensi sumber daya manusia dilakukan oleh Solikin dan Kustiawan (2012) yang menegaskan bahwa pemberdayaan aparatur pemerintah merupakan faktor penting dalam mewujudkan kualitas laporan keuangan. Sementara hasil yang berbeda disimpulkan dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Indriasari dan Nahartyo (2008) yang melakukan penelitian pada pemerintah kota Palembang dan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir menyatakan bahwa kapasitas sumber daya manusia tidak mempengaruhi nilai informasi pelaporan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 532, "width": 408, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang yang telah disampaikan, dapat diambil rumusan masalah yaitu “Apakah Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah, Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Kinerja Pegawai Berpengaruh Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat?”. Sehingga berdasarkan rumusan masalah tersebut, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan, sumber daya manusia, dan kinerja pegawai terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 628, "width": 326, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "II. RERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS 2.1 Rerangka Konseptual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 651, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sesuai dengan rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian, dan landasan teoritis, maka kerangka konseptual peneltian dapat digambarkan dalam kerangka konseptual berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "193", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 69, "width": 403, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah, Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Kinerja Pegawai Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 158, "width": 230, "height": 174, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H 1 H 2 H 3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 103, "top": 381, "width": 244, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan : Pengaruh secara simultan Pengaruh secara parsial 2.2 Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 418, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.1 Pengaruh Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 441, "width": 408, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nugraheni (2008) menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya peran penerapan SAP dalam peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan. Hal ini terlihat dari Laporan Keuangan sebelum penerapan SAP kurang akuntabel karena belum mampu menyediakan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan dan belum memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna akan laporan keuangan yang akuntabel. Laporan Keuangan setelah penerapan SAP telah akuntabel yaitu mampu menyediakan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan, mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna akan laporan keuangan yang akuntabel, dan telah menyajikan informasi mengenai kecukupan penerimaan periode berjalan untuk membiayai seluruh pengeluaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 548, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jika standar akuntansi pemerintahan dapat diterapkan dengan baik dan selalu dipakai acuan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan maka pemerintah akan memiliki kualitas informasi laporan keuangan yang baik dan benar. Dengan terciptanya laporan keuangan yang baik dan benar maka akan terwujud pemerintahan yang bersih dan berwibawa. Dengan demikian, peneliti mengajukan hipotesis sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 607, "width": 432, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H1 : Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 632, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.2 Pengaruh Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan kajian teoritis dan penelitian terdahulu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi sumber daya manusia merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan terpenuhinya kualitas informasi yang disajikan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah ( agent ) sehingga dapat diandalkan dalam pengambilan keputusan oleh pihak principal. Penempatan sumber daya manusia yang sesuai akan mendukung peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan yang disusun. Maka hipotesis sementara yang dapat ditarik adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 133, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerapan Standar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 146, "width": 85, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akuntansi Pemerintahan (X 1 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 213, "width": 65, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber Daya Manusia (X 2 )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 158, "top": 218, "width": 318, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kinerja Pegawai (X 3 ) Kualitas Laporan Keuangan (Y)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 259, "top": 98, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Nugraheni (2008)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 259, "top": 111, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Juwita (2013)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 259, "top": 124, "width": 103, "height": 153, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Udiyanti (2014) 1. Nurrillah (2014) 2. Sinarwati (2014) Khairani", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 287, "top": 280, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "194", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H 2 : Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 93, "width": 303, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.3 Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai terhadap Keandalan Informasi LK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semakin tinggi pengaruh pengawasan kinerja pegawai instansi pemerintah maka akan meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan yang semakin baik pula. Apabila kinerja pegawai instansi pemerintah dapat menyajikan laporan keuangan sesuai standar pelaporan akuntansi sektor publik, lalu dibarengi dengan pengawasan terhadap kualitas penyajian laporan keuangan yang dilakukan oleh pihak eksternal dan pihak internal yang dilakukan secara indepedensi, maka akan menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas sesuai standar akuntansi pemerintahan yang berlaku. Sehingga dari kajian teori dan hasi penelitian diatas dapat diambil hipotesis sementara yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 199, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H 3 : Kinerja Pegawai berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 235, "width": 175, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 259, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah para pegawai pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tengara Barat. Pada penelitian ini populasi berjumlah 126 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu hanya pada pegawai yang bertanggungjawab dalam pengelolaan keuangan, perencanaan anggaran serta penatausahaan dan pelaporan keuangan . Data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan 77 kuesioner pada responden yang masuk ke dalam kriteria sampel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.2 Variabel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari Variabel dependen (variabel terikat) yaitu Kualitas Laporan Keuangan (Y), Variabel Independen (variabel bebas) yaitu Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (X1), Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (X2), dan Kinerja Pegawai (X3). 3.3 Analisis Data 3.3.1 Uji Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 413, "width": 409, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Validitas dilakukan untuk menguji apakah instrumen penelitian yang telah disusun benar-benar akurat. Uji validitas digunakan untuk mengukur sah atau valid tidaknya suatu kuesioner Suatu kuesioner dikatakan valid jika pertanyaan pada kuesioner mampu untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang akan diukur oleh kuesioner tersebut (Ghozali, 2013:52). Nilai validitas dapat dilihat pada kolom Correlated Item-Total Correlation . Jika angka korelasi yang diperoleh lebih besar dari pada angka kritik (r hitung > r tabel ) maka instrumen tersebut dikatakan valid (Ghozali, 2013:53). 3.3.2 Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 508, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji reliabilitas dilakukan untuk menguji konsistensi jawaban responden atas seluruh butir pertanyaan atau pernyataan yang digunakan. Konstruk atau variabel dikatakan reliabel jika memberikan nilai cronbach alpha > 0.60 (Ghozali, 2013:48). Semakin tinggi koefisien, semakin baik instrumen pengukuran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 556, "width": 110, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.3.3. Uji Asumsi Klasik 3.3.3.1 Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 580, "width": 406, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian normalitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test . Suatu data dikatakan berdistribusi secara normal apabila nilai Asymp. Sig. (2- tailed) lebih besar dari 0.05 (Ghozali, 2013:165).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 628, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.3.3.2 Uji Multikolinieritas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 639, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UUji Multikolinieritas dapat dilakukan dengan melihat VIF (Variance Inflation Factors) dan nilai tolerance. Jika VIF ≥10 dan nilai tolerance ≤ 0,10 maka terjadi gejala Multikolinieritas (Ghozali, 2013:106). 3.3.3.3 Uji Heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 687, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian ada tidaknya heteroskedastisitas dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan uji Glejser (Ghozali, 2013:143). Suatu data dikatakan terbebas dari penyimpangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 286, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "195", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "heteroskedastisitas apabila secara statistik variabel bebas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat Absolut Ut (AbsUt).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 93, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.4.3 Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Analisis regresi linier berganda ( multiple regression ) . Analisis regresi linear berganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara dependent variable dengan independent variable . Untuk mengubah data dari kualitatif menjadi kuantitatif dengan menggunakan skala likert untuk data interval dengan menggunakan skor 1 sampai 5. Adapun persamaan regresi yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 176, "width": 116, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y = α + β 1 X 1 + β 2 X 2 + β 3 X 3 Dimana :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 199, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y = Kualitas Laporan Keuangan X 1 = Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 195, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X 2 = Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia. X 3 = Kinerja Pegawai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 259, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.4.5. Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 271, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian secara parsial (uji t) dan pengujian secara simultan (uji F),dengan tingkat signifikansi ( a ) adalah 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 307, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 319, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1. Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1.1 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 410, "height": 152, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas masing-masing variabel ditunjukkan pada tabel 4.1 sampai dengan 4.4. Dari rekapitulasi pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen menunjukkan bahwa semua item pertanyaan kelima variabel mempunyai angka korelasi yang lebih besar daripada angka kritik (r hitung > r tabel) atau lebih besar dari 0,221 (pada df =76). Dengan demikian item pertanyaan pada kelima variabel dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan valid. Sedangkan cronbach alpha menunjukkan nilai di atas 0,60 sehingga instrumen penelitian untuk seluruh variabel penelitian dikatakan reliabel atau konsisten. 4.1.2 Pengujian Asumsi Klasik a. Uji Normalitas Data Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik non-prametrik Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) pada tabel 4.1 menunjukkan bahwa nilai Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0.978 (97,8%) atau lebih besar dari dari α (5%). Dengan demikian dapat dijustifikasi bahwa keseluruhan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berdistribusi secara normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 498, "width": 192, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian Normalitas Data One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 526, "width": 372, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Unstandardized Residual N 77 Normal Parameters a,b Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation .19979739 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .054 Positive .037 Negative -.054 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .475 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .978", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 120, "top": 645, "width": 98, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Data Diolah, 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 676, "width": 109, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 688, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil perhitungan nilai tolerance pada Tabel 4.2 menunjukkan tidak ada variabel independen yang memiliki nilai tolerance kurang dari 0,10. Hasil perhitungan nilai Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) juga menunjukkan tidak ada satu variabel independen yang memiliki nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "196", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "VIF lebih dari 10. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada multikolonieritas antar variabel independen dalam model regresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 93, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian Multikolonieritas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 101, "width": 369, "height": 96, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a Model Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) X1 .622 1.606 X2 .816 1.226 X3 .691 1.448 a. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 220, "width": 117, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji Heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 231, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keseluruhan variabel bebas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai unstandarized residual yang diabsolutkan (AbsUt), sehingga dapat dijustifikasi bahwa keseluruhan variabel yang digunakan tidak terjadi gelaja heteroskedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 267, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengujian Heterokedastisitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 276, "width": 382, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -.003 .195 -.017 .987 X1 .085 .057 .217 1.496 .139 X2 -.038 .049 -.099 -.778 .439 X3 .003 .064 .006 .041 .968 a. Dependent Variable: Abresid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 379, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1.3 Uji Hipotesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 391, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji Koefisien Determinasi (Uji Statistik R²)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 402, "width": 429, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai R² sebesar 0,640 sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4.4 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 437, "width": 44, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 246, "top": 449, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 461, "width": 369, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .800 a .640 .625 .20386 a. Predictors: (Constant), X3, X2, X1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 534, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber: Data Diolah, 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 569, "width": 429, "height": 69, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian koefisien determinasi yang telah dilakukan diperoleh nilai R- square sebesar 0,640, nilai yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (X1), Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (X2), dan Kinerja Pegawai (X3) memiliki variasi kontribusi dalam menjelaskan Kualitas Laporan Keuangan (Y) adalah sebesar 64,0% sedangkan sisanya 36,0% lagi dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak digunakan didalam model penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 641, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Signifikan Parameter Simultan (Uji Statistik F)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 652, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari uji ANOVA atau F test sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4.5 didapat nilai F hitung sebesar 43,197 dengan probabilitas 0,000. Karena nilai F sebesar 43,197 lebih besar daripada 4, dan probabilitas jauh lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka H0 ditolak atau dengan kata lain model regresi dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kualitas laporan keuangan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (X1), Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (X2), dan Kinerja Pegawai (X3) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "197", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kualitas laporan keuangan Kanwil Kementerian Agama Prov. NTB. Hasil analisis selengkapnya dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.5 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 93, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 105, "width": 358, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Uji F ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 5.386 3 1.795 43.197 .000 b Residual 3.034 73 .042 Total 8.420 76", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 168, "width": 147, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y b. Predictors: (Constant), X3, X2, X1 Sumber : Data Diolah, 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 210, "width": 244, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji Signifikan Parameter Individual (Uji Statistik t)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 137, "top": 222, "width": 367, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ringkasan hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.6. sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 235, "width": 165, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.6. Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 244, "width": 369, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -.263 .323 -.815 .418 Penerapan SAP (X1) .510 .095 .479 5.382 .000 Kompetensi SDM (X2) .317 .081 .304 3.910 .000 Kinerja Pegawai (X3) .267 .107 .211 2.496 .015", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 338, "width": 86, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 353, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber: Data diolah, 2015", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 365, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4.6, variabel Penerapan SAP menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai t = 5,382 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000. Variabel Kompetensi SDM juga menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai t = 3,910 dan tingkat signifikansi 0,000. Begitu juga dengan variabel Kinerja Pegawai, dengan nilai t = 2,496 dan tingkat signifikansi 0,015 menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan SAP, kompetensi SDM dan Kinerja pegawai berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 448, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian hipotesis sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4.10 tersebut, menghasilkan model regresi sebagai berikut : Y = -0,263 +0,510 X 1+0,317 X 2 +0,267X3 4.2 Pembahasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 496, "width": 316, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2.1 Pengaruh Penerapan SAP terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 508, "width": 408, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Hipotesis 1 penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintah terbukti mendukung peningkatan kualitas informasi yang disajikan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah selaku agent. Sehingga diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar penentuan kebijakan bagi pengguna informasi (principal). Dengan pelaporan berbasis akrual, principal dapat mengidentifikasi posisi keuangan pemerintah (agent) dan perubahannya, bagaimana pemerintah mendanai kegiatannya sesuai dengan kemampuan\\ pendanaannya sehingga dapat diukur kapasitas pemerintah yang sebenarnya. Akuntansi pemerintah berbasis akrual juga memungkinkan pemerintah untuk mengidentifikasi kesempatan dalam menggunakan sumber daya masa depan dan mewujudkan pengelolaan yang baik atas sumber daya tersebut (Modul PPAKP, 2014:1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 627, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan penelitian di atas, sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nugraheni dan Subaweh (2008), yang dalam penelitiannya juga menemukan terdapat pengaruh penerapan SAP di Inspektorat Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional terhadap peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan Inspektorat Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Hal tersebut didukung penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Juwita (2013) dan Udiyanti (2014) yang menyatakan bahwa implementasi standar akuntansi pemerintahan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "198", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 324, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2.2 Pengaruh Kompetensi SDM terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 409, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis 2 ditemukan bahwa kompetensi SDM berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah (Tabel 4.21). Hasil yang diperoleh sejalan dengan hipotesis penelitian sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan diterima. Dari model pengujian yang dihasilkan memperlihatkan bahwa semakin tinggi kompetensi SDM sebagai penyusun laporan keuangan maka kualitas laporan keuangan yang disampaikan oleh satuan kerja di lingkup Kanwil Kementerian Agama provinsi NTB semakin tinggi. Penyebabnya adalah dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh seorang penyusun laporan keuangan diharapkan dapat mengambil keputusan yang cepat, lugas dan tepat. Selain itu kompetensi yang dimiliki juga memperlihatkan kesanggupan seorang pegawai dalam menyusun laporan keuangan di SKPP tempat pegawai tersebut bekerja dengan permasalahan serta tantangannya. Perubahan basis akuntansi dari basis kas menuju basis akrual membutuhkan orang-orang yang paham mengenai akuntansi akrual sehingga dapat memaksimalkan kualitas laporan keuangan yang dapat disajikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 408, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Nurillah (2014), yang menemukan bukti empiris bahwa hasil pengujian hipotesis kompetensi SDM, mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Sama halnya dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sinarwati (2014) menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi sumber daya manusia memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah. Hal ini dikarenakan dengan adanya kompetensi sumber daya manusia maka peranan dalam merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan mengendalikan organisasi akan berjalan dengan baik. Tugas yang dibebankan kepada sumber daya tersebut dalat dilaksanakan dan diselesaikan secara profesional, efektif dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 317, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2.3 Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 408, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis 3 ditemukan bahwa Kinerja Pegawai berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah. Hasil yang diperoleh sejalan dengan hipotesis penelitian sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan diterima. Dari model pengujian yang dihasilkan memperlihatkan bahwa semakin baik kinerja yang ditunjukkan pegawai sebagai penyusun laporan keuangan maka kualitas laporan keuangan yang disampaikan oleh satuan kerja di lingkup Kanwil Kementerian Agama provinsi NTB semakin baik. Hasil pemeriksaan BPK RI terkait opini Laporan Kementerian Agama yang meskipun memperoleh opini WTP namun masih dengan paragraf penjelas menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kinerja pegawai khususnya di lingkup Kanwil Kementeran Agama provinsi NTB cukup baik, namun perlu ditingkatkan sehingga dapat mendukung peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan. Temuan ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Khairani (2014), yang menemukan bukti empiris bahwa hasil pengujian hipotesis secara simultan kinerja pegawai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 497, "width": 245, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "V. SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN KETERBATASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 509, "width": 63, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.1. Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 520, "width": 408, "height": 81, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan hasil penelitian, beberapa simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah: Penelitian ini berhasil menemukan bukti adanya pengaruh positif variabel variabel Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan, Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Kinerja Pegawai terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan. Artinya, dengan adanya peningkatan penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintahan oleh pengelola keuangan, Kompetensi SDM dan peningkatan Kinerja pegawai akan meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan satker di wilayah Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 604, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.2. Implikasi Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 615, "width": 408, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintah, kompetensi sumber daya manusia dan kinerja pegawai yang dilakukan oleh para pengelola keuangan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas informasi yang disajikan dalam Laporan Keuangan tingkat satker di Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB. Secara teori, temuan penelitian ini dapat menjelaskan pentingnya kualitas laporan keuangan yang berimplikasi pada meningkatkan akuntabilitas keuangan pemerintah. Sehingga data yang disajikan dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin untuk pengambilan keputusan yang tepat. Sehingga konflik yang mungkin timbul dalam teori keagenan dapat diminimalisir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Secara praktis hasil temuan ini dapat digunakan pemerintah khususnya pemerintah pusat di lingkup Kementerian Agama untuk evaluasi kedepan terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang harus diperhatikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para penata laporan keuangan untuk dapat meningkatkan kompetensi diri sehingga dapat menyajikan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas dan akuntabel guna memperoleh opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 140, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Demikian pula secara kebijakan, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna sebagai sumbangan pemikiran tentang hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan guna meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan maupun kebijakan yang lebih baik. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan acuan untuk lebih meningkatkan kompetensi SDM yang ada, menerapkan basis akrual berdasarkan PP no.71 Tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah di dalam proses penyusunan laporan keuangan pemerintah pusat, serta meningkatkan kinerja para pegawai sehingga menghasilkan Laporan keuangan yang berkualitas dan akuntabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 235, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.3. Keterbatasan dan Saran Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan yang dapat diperbaiki pada penelitian selanjutnya. Keterbatasan yang harus dicermati dan saran terhadap keterbatasan yang ditemui oleh peneliti dalam penelitian, antara lain adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 283, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini hanya dilakukan pada satuan kerja pemerintah pusat di wilayah Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB, sehingga generalisasi hasil temuan dan rekomendasi penelitian ini kurang dapat diberlakukan bagi daerah di luar Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 330, "width": 410, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Penelitian ini kurang mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor lainnya yang mungkin berpengaruh, misalnya faktor minat, pengendalian internal dan eksternal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 354, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Penelitian ini kurang mengeksplorasi secara lebih mendalam terkait variabel-variabel yang diteliti dimana hasil penelitian lebih didasarkan pada pilihan jawaban responden.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 378, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Sehingga saran yang dapat digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini antara lain sebagai berikut :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 399, "width": 388, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan hasil penelitian dengan menambahkan obyek penelitian, seperti daerah lain di luar Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 423, "width": 388, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan variabel lainnya diluar variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini, seperti minat, pengendalian internal dan eksternal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 447, "width": 388, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Penelitian mendatang juga diharapkan untuk dapat mengeksplor secara lebih mendalam terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laporan keuangan dengan melakukan penelitian kualitatif sehingga dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat terkait dengan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 509, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 526, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arikunto, S. 1998. Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktek, cetakan – 3, Rineka Cipta, Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 550, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aryani, A. 2008. “ Evaluasi Implementasi Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Pada Sekretariat Jendral Departemen Hukum dan HAM RI”, Tesis S2 Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 585, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Azhar. 2007. “ Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Penerapan Permendagri Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 pada Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh”, Tesis S2 Program Pasca Sarjana USU, Medan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 621, "width": 407, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Baridwan, Z., 2002. “Sistem Akuntansi”, BPFE, Yogyakarta. Bastian, I., 2007. “Sistem Akuntansi Sektor Publik”. 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(Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 tahun 2004 tentang Perbendaharaan Negara. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 33 tahun 2004 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 tahun 2005 tentang Pemeriksaan Pengelolaan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 116, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tanggung Jawab Keuangan Negara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 279, "top": 140, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "LAMPIRAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 163, "width": 276, "height": 18, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.1. Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Variabel Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 276, "width": 283, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.2. Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Variabel Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 395, "width": 337, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.3. Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 266, "top": 407, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel Kompetensi SDM", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 134, "top": 425, "width": 333, "height": 63, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.783 Reliabel 1 X2.1 0.631 0.221 Valid 2 X2.2 0.607 0.221 Valid 3 X2.3 0.591 0.221 Valid 4 X2.4 0.659 0.221 Valid 5 X2.5 0.686 0.221 Valid 6 X2.6 0.604 0.221 Valid 7 X2.7 0.758 0.221 Valid 8 X2.8 0.528", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 256, "top": 418, "width": 221, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 129, "top": 425, "width": 15, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 418, "width": 26, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ite m", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 165, "top": 424, "width": 59, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pe rtanyaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 242, "top": 425, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r-tabe l (n=76) r- hitung", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 140, "top": 502, "width": 337, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.4. Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Variabel Kinerja Pegawai", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 134, "top": 533, "width": 332, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.625 Reliabel 1 X3.1 0.511 0.221 Valid 2 X3.2 0.431 0.221 Valid 3 X3.3 0.535 0.221 Valid 4 X3.4 0.643 0.221 Valid 5 X3.5 0.457 0.221 Valid 6 X3.6 0.495 0.221 Valid 7 X3.7 0.573 0.221 Valid 8 X3.8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 526, "width": 346, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0.601 0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan No Ite m", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 165, "top": 533, "width": 173, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pe rtanyaan r-tabe l", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 300, "top": 540, "width": 33, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(n= 76)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 243, "top": 533, "width": 45, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r- hitung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 190, "width": 350, "height": 74, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.790 Reliabel 1 Y.1 0.612 0.221 Valid 2 Y.2 0.513 0.221 Valid 3 Y.3 0.465 0.221 Valid 4 Y.4 0.572 0.221 Valid 5 Y.5 0.712 0.221 Valid 6 Y.6 0.664 0.221 Valid 7 Y.7 0.578 0.221 Valid 8 Y.8 0.631 0.221 Valid 9 Y.9 0.807 0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan No Ite m Pe rtanyaan r-tabe l (n= 77) r- hitung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 137, "top": 313, "width": 333, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.734 Reliabel 1 X1.1 0.599 0.221 Valid 2 X1.2 0.543 0.221 Valid 3 X1.3 0.484 0.221 Valid 4 X1.4 0.660 0.221 Valid 5 X1.5 0.481 0.221 Valid 6 X1.6 0.529 0.221 Valid 7 X1.7 0.595 0.221 Valid 8 X1.8 0.584 0.221 Valid 9 X1.9 0.637", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 306, "width": 347, "height": 78, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan N o Ite m", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 168, "top": 312, "width": 59, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pe rtanyaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 303, "top": 313, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r-tabe l (n= 77)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 246, "top": 313, "width": 45, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r- hitung", "type": "Table" } ]
30f29bc3-a9af-7661-53f3-ec5ffe09c5b1	https://jurnal.syntaximperatif.co.id/index.php/syntax-imperatif/article/download/250/244	[ { "left": 72, "top": 750, "width": 41, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How to Cite", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 750, "width": 330, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera/ Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari / Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 768, "width": 267, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-imperatif.v4i2.250 e-ISSN 2721-2246 Published by", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 170, "top": 787, "width": 44, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rifa Institute", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 75, "width": 197, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan p–ISSN: 2721-2491 e-ISSN : 2721-2246 Vol. 4, No. 2, Mei 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 133, "width": 424, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 174, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 188, "width": 350, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Port Numbay Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia Email: [email protected] , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 229, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Information", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 88, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Submitted: 04 Mei 2023 Accepted: 09 Mei", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 275, "width": 88, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023 Online Publish: 09 Mei 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 168, "top": 229, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 168, "top": 242, "width": 337, "height": 89, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui besarnya Rasio Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah di Kabupaten Manokwari, (2). Untuk mengetahui besarnya Rasio Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah di Kabupaten Manokwari, (3) Untuk mengetahui besarnya Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal Keuangan Daerah diKabupaten Manokwari. Rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, tahun 2018 adalah 9.86 %, tahun 2019 adalah 9.18 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 7.61 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 10.52", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 334, "width": 337, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "%, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 6.40 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 10.52 %. Rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalahmasih sangat tiggi tingkat ketergantungannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 88.80 %, tahun 2018 adalah 76.59 %, tahun 2019 adalah 86.04 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 83.57 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 84.28 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2018 sebesar 76.59 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 88.80 %. Rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 5.56 %, tahun 2018 adalah 7.56 %, tahun 2019 adalah 7.90 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 6.36 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 8.87", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 460, "width": 337, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "%, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 5.56 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 8.87 % Kata Kunci : Kemandirian Keuangan Darah, Rasio Kemandirian, Rasio Ketegantungan, Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 511, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 168, "top": 523, "width": 337, "height": 218, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The use of language in mall public spaces uses more English than Indonesian. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the magnitude of the Regional Financial Independence Ratio in Manokwari Regency, (2). To find out the magnitude of the Regional Financial Dependence Ratio in Manokwari Regency, (3) To find out the magnitude of the Regional Financial Fiscal Decentralization Ratio in Manokwari Regency. The ratio of independence of the Manokwari district over the past five years is still lacking in the level of independence, where in 2017 the level of independence was 6.40%, in 2018 was 9.86%, in 2019 was 9.18%, in 2020 was 7.61%, in 2021 was 10.52%, thus the lowest is in 2017 at 6.40%, and the highest is in 2021 at 10.52%. The dependency ratio of Manokwari district over the past five years is still very high, where in 2017 the level of independence was 88.80%, in 2018 it was 76.59%, in 2019 it was 86.04%, in 2020 it was 83.57%, in 2021 it was 84.28%, with Thus the lowest was 2018 at 76.59%, and the highest was 2017 at 88.80%. The ratio of regional independence in Manokwari district over the past five years is still lacking in the level of independence, where in 2017 the level of independence was 5.56%, in 2018 was 7.56%, in 2019 was 7.90%, in 2020 was 6.36%, in 2021 was 8.87%, thus the lowest is 2017 of 5.56%, and the highest is 2021 of 8.87 %. Keywords: Blood Financial Independence, Independence Ratio,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 168, "top": 75, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dependency Ratio and Fiscal Decentralization Ratio", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 456, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralihan pemerintahan Orde Baru menjadi pemerintahan Reformasi pada tahun 1998 telah membawa banyak perubahan dalam sistem tata negara dan berbagai kebijakan ekonomi di Indonesia. Era atau masa pemerintahan Reformasi membawa perubahan yang lebih adil dan berimbang dalam berbagai kebijakan. Salah satunya adalah perubahan paradigma melalu kebijakan otonomi daerah dan perimbangan keuangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah yang diatur dalam UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 tentang pemerintahan daerah yang direvisi menjadi UU No 32 Tahun 2004 dan juga UU No 25 Tahun 1999 tentang perimbangan keuangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah yang direvisi menjadi UU No 33 Tahun 2004. Dengan diberlakukannya undang-undang ini maka memberikan kesempatan bagi daerah untuk menggali potensi daerah sehingga dapat mewujudkan kemandirian keuangan daerah (Imawan & Wahyudin, 2014; Indonesia, 1999, 2004; Wasistiono, 2001)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ciri utama suatu daerah yang dapat melaksanakan otonomi yaitu kemampuan keuangan daerah, artinya daerah harus dapat menggali sumber keuangan yang ada di daerah, mengelola dan menggunakan keuangan sendiri untuk membiayai kegiatan pemerintah dan ketergantungan terhadap dana dari pemerintah pusat harus seminimal mungkin agar pendapatan daerah menjadi sumber keuangan (Eko, 2015; Oki et al., 2020; Said & Bakar, 2021; Sembel et al., 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 456, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Manokwari merupakan salah satu Kabupaten yang berada di Provinsi Papua Barat yang juga merupakan Ibukota Provinsi Papua Barat yang memiliki sumber daya alam yang mampu menciptakan sumber pendapatan yang luas untuk mendorong kemakmuran masyarakat di Kabupaten Manokwari. Selain itu Kabupaten Manokwari juga diberi kewenangan untuk mengatur dan mengololah sumber pendapatannya sendiri. maka diharapkan Kabupaten Manokwari mampu menggali, mengelola, dan memaksimalkan potensi sumber daya alam yang ada untuk kemajuan dan kemakmuran daerah. Data penerimaan daerah kabupaten manokawari dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 480, "width": 432, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Data PAD, Dana Transfer, Total Pendapatan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017 – 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 614, "width": 90, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Keuangan, 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 628, "width": 456, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas dapat dilihat data Penerimaan Asli Daerah (PAD), dana transfer dan total pendapatan pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017-2021. Pada tahun 2017 – 2019, dapat dilihat nilai PAD Kabupaten Manokwari terus mengalami kenaikan hingga mencapai angka Rp 108.055.000.000 pada tahun 2019. Tetapi pada tahun 2020, PAD mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp 84.061.000.000 dan naik kembali menjadi Rp 102.069.000.000. Pada penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelaksanaan pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari, peranan pemerintah pusat masih tinggi. Ini dapat dilihat dari tingginya dana transfer dari pemerintah pusat ke daerah dari tahun 2017 – 2021. Dana transfer tahun 2017 – 2021 terus mengalami kenaikan. Sementara pada tahun 2018 menurun menjadi Rp 1.104.033.000.000 dan tahun 2021 menurun menjadi Rp 970.025.000.000. Kenaikan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 530, "width": 422, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun PAD (Rp) Dana Transfer (Rp) Total Pendapatan (Rp) 2017 56.042.000.000 875.044.000.000 1.008.075.000.000 2018 90.086.000.000 913.003.000.000 1.191.016.000.000 2019 108.055.000.000 1.177.089.000.000 1.368.091.000.000 2020 84.061.000.000 1.104.033.000.000 1.321.040.000.000 2021 102.069.000.000 970.025.000.000 1.151.010.000.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "188", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penurunan nilai PAD dan pendapatan transfer juga berpengaruh pada total pendapatan Kabupaten Manokwari. Dimana tahun 2017 – 2019 total pendapatan terus mengalami kenaikan. Sedangkan pada tahun 2020 total pendapatan menurun menjadi Rp 1.321.040.000.000 dan pada tahun 2021 terus mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp 1.151.010.000.000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 144, "width": 456, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) merupakan tulang punggung pembiayaan daerah. Daerah yang mampu menggali PAD tentu akan mengalami perkembangan dan pembangunan daerah tersebut. Kemandirian keuangan daerah dapat terwujud dengan peningkatan pertumbuhan PAD. Semakin besar kontribusi PAD terhadap APBD maka semakin kecil pula ketergantungan daerah pada bantuan dari pemerintah pusat. Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah penulis uraikan, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 251, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder merupakan data berbentuk angka-angka baik secara langsung dari hasil penelitian yang di proses menggunakan rumus matematika atau dapat juga di analisis dengan sistem statistik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah data Sekunder merupakan sumber data suatu penelitian yang di peroleh peneliti melalui media perantara (di peroleh atau dicatat oleh pihak lain). Data sekunder itu berupa bukti, catatan atau laporan historis yang telah tersusun dalam arsip atau data documenter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 373, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menjawab permasalahan, metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Rasio Kemandirian, Rasio Ketergantungan, Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal. Rumus yang digunakan untuk menghitung rasio kemandirian adalah: (Mahmudi & Sallama, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 427, "width": 299, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Rasio Kemandirian = Pendapatan Asli Dae𝑥rah (PAD)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 431, "width": 173, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Trasfer Pusat+Provinsi+Pinjaman 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 288, "top": 465, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapatan Transfer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 479, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Rasio Ketergantungan =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 479, "width": 229, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "x 100% Total Pendapatan Daerah Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 548, "width": 381, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal = x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 562, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Total Pendapatan Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 586, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 611, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "`Analisis kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Derah Kab manokwari dalam penelitian ini adalah suatu proses penilaian mengenai tingkat kemajuan pencapaian pelaksanaan pekerjaan atau kegiatan dalam bidang keuangan. Rasio yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam menganalisis kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari yaitu rasio kemandirian daerah, rasio ketergantungan keuangan daerah dan rasio desentralisasi fiscal. Data yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), data dana transfer dan data total PAD Kabupaten Manokwari. Dari data tersebut nantinya dapat memberikan gambaran informasi mengenai kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari selama kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir (tahun 2017-2021). Laporan keuangan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "189", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 97, "width": 432, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 . Data PAD, Dana Transfer, Total Pendapatan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017 – 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 454, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas dapat dilihat perkembangan PAD, Dana Transfer dan Total PAD kabupaten manokwari tahun 2017-2021 di mana tahun 2017 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 56.042.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 875.044.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.008.075.000.000, Tahun 2018 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 90.086.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 913.003.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.191.016.000.000, tahun 2019 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 108.055.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 1.177.089.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.368.091.000.000, tahun 2020 , penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp 84.061.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 1.104.033.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.321.040.000.000,tahun 2021 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 102.069.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp 970.025.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.151.010.000.000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 407, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Kemandirian Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 433, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Kemandirian adalah untuk mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan keberhasilannya yang telah dicapai dari satu periode secara mandirii tanpa tergantung dari pemerintah pusat Semakin besar rasio Kemandirian daerah maka kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten manokwari dinyatakan baik. Rasio Kemandirian Keuangan dapat diukur dengan data PAD dan Penerimaan dana tarnsfer sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 147, "width": 475, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun PAD (Rp) % Dana Transfer (Rp) % Total PAD (Rp) % 2017 56.042.000.000 - 875.044.000.000 - 1.008.075.000.000 - 2018 90.086.000.000 90.85 913.003.000.000 4.34 1.191.016.000.000 1.191.16 2019 108.055.000.000 108.05 1.177.089.000.000 28.92 1.368.091.000.000 1.368.09 2020 84.061.000.000 84.06 1.104.033.000.000 842.90 1.321.040.000.000 1.321.03 2021 102.069.000.000 102.07 970.025.000.000 121.38 1.151.010.000.000 1.151.00", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "190", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 101, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diatas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 139, "width": 422, "height": 106, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Rasio Kemandirian Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Kemampuan Kemandirian Kemandirian (%) 2017 Sangat Kurang 6.40 2018 Sangat Kurang 9.86 2019 Sangat Kurang 9.18 2020 Sangat Kurang 7.61 2021 Kurang 10.52", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 249, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, tahun 2018 mengalmi peningkatan sebesar 9.86 % , tahun 2019 adalah 9.18 %, tahun 2020 turun menjadi 7.61 %, tahun 2021 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 10.52 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 6.40 % , dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 10.52 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 367, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio ketergantungan keuangan darah adalah untuk mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan keberhasilannya yang telah dicapai dari satu periode ke periode berikutnya. Semakin besar rasio ketergantungan atau realisasi penerimaan pendapatan asli daerah tahun sebelumnya maka kinerja pemerintah daerah dinyatakan baik. Rasio ketergantungan dapat dihitung dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 697, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diatas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 735, "width": 268, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Rasio Ketergantungan Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "191", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 445, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun Kemampuan Keuangan Daerah Kemandirian (%) Pola Hubungan 2017 Tinggi 88.80 Delegetif 2018 Tinggi 76.59 Delegetif 2019 Tinggi 86.04 Delegetif 2020 Tinggi 83.57 Delegetif 2021 Tinggi 84.28 Delegetif", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 159, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: data diolah, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 457, "height": 287, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat tiggi tingkat ketergantungannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 88.80 %, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif artinya campur tangan pemerintah pusat sudah tidak ada karena darah benar mampu dan mandiri dalam melaksanakan otonomi daerah atau sangat delegatif, sementara di tahun 2018 turun menjad 76.59% dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, tahun 2019 meningkat lagi menjadi 86.04%, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif artinya dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar turun pada angaka 83.57%, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, tahun 2021 naik menjadi 84.28%, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, dengan demikian rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari yang terendah adalah tahun 2018 sebesar 76.59%, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 88.80%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 473, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio desentralisasi fiskal mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan dan mengeloa kinerja fiskal yang telah dicapai dari satu periode ke periode berikutnya. Semakin besar rasio desentralisasi fiskal atau realisasi penerimaan fiskal daerah tahun sebelumnya maka kinerja pemerintah daerah dinyatakan baik. pertumbuhan dapat dihitung dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 568, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapatan Asli Daerah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 582, "width": 306, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Ketergantungan =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 582, "width": 379, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "x 100% Total Pendapatan Daerah 56.042 .000.000 Tahun 2017 = x 100% 1.008.075.000.000 = 5.56 % 90.086.000.000 Tahun 2018 = x 100% 1.192.016.000.000 = 7.56 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "192", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 103, "width": 379, "height": 190, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "108.055.000.000 Tahun 2019 = x 100% 1.368.091.000.000 = 7.90 % 84.061.000.000 Tahun 2020 = x 100% 1.008.075.000.000 = 6.36 % 102.069.000.000 Tahun 2021 = x 100% 1.151.010.000.000 = 8.87 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diatas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 429, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5 . Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Kemampuan Kinerja Keuangan Kemandirian (%) 2017 Sangat Kurang 5.56 2018 Sangat Kurang 7.56 2019 Sangat Kurang 7.90 2020 Sangat Kurang 6.36 2021 Sangat Kurang 8.87", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 444, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: data diolah,2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 454, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio desentralisasi fiskal kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 5.56 %, tahun 2018 naik menjadi 7.56 %, tahun 2019 naik juga sebesar 7.90 %, tahun 2020 turun menjadi 6.36 %, tahun 2021 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 8.87 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 5.56 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 8.87 %. Dan selama lima tahun terakhir rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari besifat sangat kurang dalam mengelola desentralisasi fiskal daerahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 568, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis hasil penelitian ini kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Derah Kabupaten manokwari dalam mengelola keuangan. Rasio yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam menganalisis kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari. Dari hasil penelitian ini te nantinya dapat memberikan gambaran informasi mengenai kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari selama kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir (tahun 2017-2021). Laporan keuangan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 675, "width": 446, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6 Analisis Rasio Keuangan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 684, "width": 490, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 2021 Tahun Rasio Kemandirian Daerah (%) Kemampuan Kemandirian Rasio Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah (%) Kemampuan Keuangan Daerah Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal (%) Kemampuan Kinerja Keuangan Daerah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "193", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 214, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data diolah, ,2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 242, "width": 454, "height": 287, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 88.80 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 5.56 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2018 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 9.86 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 76.59 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 7.56 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2019 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 9.18 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 86.04 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 7.90 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2020 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 7.61 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 83.57 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 6.36 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2021 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 10.52 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 84.28 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 8.87 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 581, "width": 455, "height": 177, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, tahun 2018 adalah 9.86 %, tahun 2019 adalah 9.18 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 7.61 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 10.52 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 6.40 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 10.52 %. Rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalahmasih sangat tiggi tingkat ketergantungannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 88.80 %, tahun 2018 adalah 76.59 %, tahun 2019 adalah 86.04 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 83.57 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 84.28 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2018 sebesar 76.59 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 88.80 %. Rasio desentralisasi fiskal kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 5.56 %,tahun 2018 naik menjadi 7.56 % , tahun 2019 naik juga sebesar 7.90 %, tahun 2020 turun menjadi 6.36 %,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 75, "width": 478, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2017 6.40 Sangat Kurang 88.80 Tinggi 5.56 Sangat Kurang 2018 9.86 Sangat Kurang 76.59 Tinggi 7.56 Sangat Kurang 2019 9.18 Sangat Kurang 86.04 Tinggi 7.90 Sangat Kurang 2020 7.61 Sangat Kurang 83.57 Tinggi 6.36 Sangat Kurang 2021 10.52 Kurang 84.28 Tinggi 8.87 Sangat Kurang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "194", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 458, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahun 2021 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 8.87%, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 5.56% , dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 8.87 %. Dan selama lima tahun terakhir rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari besifat sangat kurang dalam mengelola desentralisasi fiskal daerahnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "195", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 244, "top": 73, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIBLIOGRAFI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eko, S. (2015). 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f84f8cad-6339-89ec-23c9-c5e73ef61760	https://journal.unespadang.ac.id/JIEE/article/download/213/190	[ { "left": 145, "top": 51, "width": 112, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "VOL. 04 , NO. 01, 2024 (01-15)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 49, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EISSN: 2777-0184", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 62, "width": 53, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 82, "width": 227, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 392, "top": 62, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PISSN: 2797-2259", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 771, "width": 103, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 52, "top": 783, "width": 235, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "©2024. Tengku Rika Valentina. Published by Jurnal JIEE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 141, "width": 500, "height": 65, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process of Changing Bureaucratic Positions After the Vacancy of the Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency in 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 228, "width": 302, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yulvia Alika 1 , Tengku Rika Valentina 2* , Doni Hendrik 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 243, "width": 371, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1, 2, 3 Department of Political Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia * Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 277, "width": 233, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 293, "width": 55, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 305, "width": 314, "height": 310, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bureaucratic politicization refers to introducing bureaucratic reform in the management of regional government. The regional head and deputy regional head posts are political roles that oversee administrative positions within a region, so political influence is inherently intertwined with the bureaucracy. Dharmasraya Regency exhibits signs of bureaucratic politics, as seen by a vacancy in the position of deputy regent. This vacancy has resulted in numerous examples of non-job ASN inside the government of Dharmasraya Regency. This thesis seeks to analyze the political dynamics involved in the transition of bureaucratic positions in Dharmasraya Regency, particularly after the vacancy of the deputy regent position. This study employs a qualitative research methodology utilizing a case study approach. This thesis uses the theory of bureaucratic politicization pioneered by Barbara Geddes. The findings of this study suggest that there are indicators of the techniques employed by the regent in his role as PPK to determine bureaucratic positions. The regent also has a vested interest in the bureaucracy, as he desires a loyal and efficient bureaucratic system to ensure continued control until the end of his term. The regent's politicization of the bureaucracy is seen in the ambiguous enforcement of heavy sanctions against ASN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 305, "width": 102, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 20 April 2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 317, "width": 131, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received in revised form 27 May 2024 Accepted 29 May 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 626, "width": 33, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 638, "width": 131, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Politicization, Bureaucratic, Changing Bureaucratic", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 662, "width": 45, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Positions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 701, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 716, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The intricate political dynamics in Indonesia are intricately intertwined with its historical setting. Bureaucratic political", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 716, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "interactions are not spontaneous but somewhat influenced by preceding historical events (McDonnell, 2017; Yang,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 2", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021). Studying bureaucratic politics in Indonesia can provide insights into the bureaucratic phenomena, particularly the ongoing issue of bureaucratic politicization in the country.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 148, "width": 234, "height": 400, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avoiding the contrast between politics and bureaucracy in Indonesia appears challenging. Politicians not only participate in policy-making but also influence within the bureaucratic workplace (Blom ‐ Hansen et al., 2021). Avoiding meddling between politics and bureaucracy, particularly in the context of regional head elections (Pilkada), is an unattainable objective. Politics not only engages in the realm of social contracts but also competes in the realm of bureaucracy (Pramono & Mulia, 2023). This engagement is evident from the initial stages of establishing the organizational structure and bureaucratic institutions, exerting influence on goals, formulating strategies and programs, and making decisions on budget proposals. In addition, political intervention is also present in the recruitment and job placement procedures within government bureaucratic systems (Gans-Morse et al., 2018). Furthermore, allocating jobs following general elections at the national and local levels appears to be an ingrained tradition inherent to every political procedure.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 549, "width": 234, "height": 236, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regarding governing, the regional head and deputy regional head are considered essential and interdependent (Kwamie et al., 2015). They serve as public officials responsible for managing the regional government and holding regional leadership positions. The political role of the Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head entails holding a bureaucratic position within a region (Rochlitz et al., 2015). This situation poses a dilemma for the bureaucracy, as they are expected to maintain professionalism while the bureaucratic development officials heavily influence their career progression in the region. The Regional Head and Deputy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 206, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regional Head hold significant control over bureaucratic politicization due to their authoritative powers. Bureaucracy is compelled to submit to the Regional Head unless they are willing to face potential career obstacles (Turner et al., 2022). This jurisdiction encompasses various responsibilities, including determining officials at different levels, the authority of Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads to issue decrees for appointing government officials, and the authority to issue decrees for promotions within the bureaucracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 234, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The transfers of bureaucratic officials and promotions following the inauguration of a Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head are now primarily determined by proximity to the authorities rather than competence or capacity (Sahur et al., 2023). This phenomenon, known as the patron-client relationship pattern in political culture, has become more dominant. The contact between the two parties is characterized by reciprocity, which involves the exchange of resources owned by each party. This is solely attributable to the political motivations of the rulers. The election of regional heads and deputy regional heads supported by the bureaucracy would inevitably result in the regional heads and deputy regional heads engaging in political patronage of the relevant bureaucrats to secure or enhance their positions within the bureaucracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 594, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The transfer of the Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head in this post may lead to discrepancies in appointing positions within the bureaucracy. The Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head have modified the composition of roles in the bureaucracy. The appointment of individuals by Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads to government institutions undoubtedly creates favorable conditions for the advancement of bureaucratic politicians (Suryaningsih et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The regional head elections (Pilkada) in 2020 will take place concurrently in 270 regions in Indonesia, comprising nine gubernatorial elections at the provincial level, 224 district elections for regents, and 37 mayoral elections in cities. West Sumatra Province is one of the regions where regional elections will take place in 2020. It consists of at least 13 districts/cities. The Dharmasraya Regency is among the districts scheduled to conduct regional elections in 2020. Sutan Riska, the incumbent Regent, is seeking re- election as the Regent of Dharmasraya Regency for the 2021-2024 term.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 294, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sutan Riska was partnered with Dasril Panin Dt. Labuan, also known as SR-Labuan, in the regional elections of 2020. SR-Labuan became victorious in the regional elections held in Dharmasraya Regency. According to the voting results, SR-Labuan obtained 63.62% of the votes, while its competitor candidate pair, Panji Mursyidan-Yosrisal (Panji-Yos), received 36.38% of the votes. The SR-Labuan pair was officially appointed as the Regent and Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency for the 2021-2024 term on February 26, 2021, in the West Sumatra Governor's building.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 517, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The success of the SR-Labuan duo is undoubtedly attributed to the diligent endeavors of the two candidate pairs, aided by the contributions of various parties involved, including the winning team, supportive party administrators, relatives, and all individuals engaged as political operatives, both in terms of physical and mental efforts. Individuals, as well as members of official and non-formal organizations, who have connections with the two candidates.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 695, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unfortunately, after one year of serving as the Regent and Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency, Dasril Panin Dt. Labuan, the leadership of SR-Labuan came to an end — regrettably, Dasril Panin Dt. Labuan passed away on February 13,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 325, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021, as a result of an illness following the demise of Dasril Panin, Dt. In Labuan, the role of Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency has been left unfilled since February 13, 2022. After calculating the duration of the regent and deputy regent's mandates in Dhamasraya, which began on February 26, 2021, it is determined that there are still almost 24 months remaining in the deputy regent's term, commencing from when the position became vacant. According to Article 176 of Law No. 10 of 2016, the position of deputy regional head can be filled if the remaining term of service is longer than 18 months from the vacancy. According to Article 23, Letter D of PP Number 12 of 2018, the functions and authority of the DPRD include the selection of regional heads and deputy regional leaders. This selection occurs when there is a vacancy in the office, and the remaining term of office is more than 18 months.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 398, "width": 234, "height": 384, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Constitutionally, the position of deputy regional head is not explained in detail. However, the position of a regional head is legally stated in Article 66, paragraph (1) of the Law on Regional Government Number 23 of 2014, which explains that the role and position of the deputy regional head is considered strategic with its duties and responsibilities in assisting regional heads to lead government affairs. Judging from this position, the deputy regent is equivalent to the Regent running the government, except in determining policy. In carrying out his duties, the deputy regent is responsible to the RegRegentd and is given authority and functions to assist the regeRegent'sies and functions during his term of office. The tasks that have been regulated are responsibilities that the deputy regent must carry out; if a vacancy in the position occurs, it will impact the continuity of regional government and determine future policies. The supervisory function is one of the duties of the deputy regent that needs to be", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 4", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "underlined. The impact caused by a vacancy in the office impacts not only one party due to failure to fulfill or being hampered in fulfilling the duties required of the representative but also the entire system involved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 163, "width": 234, "height": 503, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Furthermore, the regent and deputy regent have the power to appoint, transfer, and remove members of the bureaucracy. Without proper controls and monitoring, this can quickly become a tool for implementing bureaucratic politicization practices. Consequently, the vacancy in the deputy regent position in Dharmasraya Regency significantly influenced the government's performance. The authority held by the regent and deputy regent is highly influential in transferring roles within the bureaucratic environment, particularly in position changes or rotations. The political vacancy in the deputy regent's realm will undoubtedly impact the selection process for bureaucratic appointments. The ultimate authority to decide personnel transfers rests with the political office led by the regent and deputy regent. Before deciding on the transfer of civil servants, the local government must engage the Position and Rank Advisory Board (Baperjakat) to evaluate and deliberate on the civil servants who will be transferred. However, the ultimate decision still lies with the regent and deputy regent. Hence, the political roles of regent and deputy regent will significantly impact the current positions within the bureaucratic system, particularly in the event of a vacancy in either of these positions, which will intensify bureaucratic politics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 668, "width": 234, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regarding employee transfers within Dharmasraya Regency, there is a notable occurrence of high-ranking positions being transferred to lower-ranking positions in the bureaucratic hierarchy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 728, "width": 234, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This phenomenon occurred following the vacancy in the position of deputy regent in Dharmasraya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 154, "top": 772, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regency. Demoting", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "individuals from higher to lower positions raises concerns about the criteria used to determine jobs and ranks, as well as the qualifications and skills possessed by the bureaucracy. Is the transfer of positions in Dharmasraya district, which is currently only managed by the regent without a deputy regent, based on existing procedures or influenced by political factors?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 223, "width": 234, "height": 250, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The researcher was intrigued by the initial data and sought to determine if the bureaucratic overhaul implemented by the regent of Dharmasraya Regency adhered to legal procedures or if there was evidence of a political motive behind it. The researchers are interested in examining the extent to which the deputy regent's office vacancy in Dharmasraya Regency affects the transfer of positions within the Dharmasraya Regency government. The problem statement of this research is to determine the nature of bureaucratic politicization in the reshuffling of bureaucratic positions in Dharmasraya Regency following the deputy regent's seat vacancy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 494, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 509, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the realm of bureaucratic political theory, this offers an elucidation of the function of policymakers within the realm of administration and bureaucracy (Rockman, 2020). This perspective directly challenges the notion of a separation between politics and administration that forms the basis of bureaucratic control theory. Explicitly, the text clarifies that when administration and politics are separated, it leads to a lack of knowledge about the bureaucracy's primary function in the political authority framework. The involvement of bureaucracy and bureaucrats in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 717, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "political activity necessitates the theoretical consideration of the political role of the bureaucracy. Bureaucracy plays a crucial role in a political system by facilitating government", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "administration. Bureaucracy has a vital role in upholding the political system. Terminologically, bureaucracy refers to the collective body of state officials within the realm of politics, explicitly encompassing all state officials within the executive branch.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 175, "width": 234, "height": 384, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At the administrative level, the state relies heavily on bureaucracy to ensure its capacity to address the implications arising from differentiation processes, which are a result of modernization (Cingolani et al., 2015). The state requires the capacity of bureaucrats to develop the necessary policies for the government. The interaction between political leaders and bureaucratic officials is an enduring association; hence, issues consistently emerge. Who has power over whom, and who has control, leadership, and dominance over whom? A problem that frequently arises is the dominance of political officials' leadership over the bureaucracy. Ultimately, as scientific advancements shape and impact the bureaucratic framework, it also evolve into the political, bureaucratic paradigm, leading to the emergence of new insights (Heidelberg, 2017). Bureaucracy serves as a platform for political negotiation and conflict between different actors who have varying interests and concerns in order to achieve a balance of power and mutual benefits.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 561, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Political interests pertains to the examination of bureaucratic politics or the phenomenon of bureaucratic politicization (Rockman, 2020). This refers explicitly to individual political actors or groups, organizations, or policies that are associated with the implementation of bureaucracy in the government sector. All actions and decisions made by bureaucracies are the outcome of political negotiations (Eckhard & Ege, 2016). The first paradigm, policy, arises from political negotiations that give rise to various types of compromise, coalition, competition, and anarchy among individuals involved in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "addressing a policy matter (Belmonte & Cerny, 2021). Meanwhile, in the second model, bureaucracy functions as an organization where players in prominent positions within the bureaucracy engage in competitive interactions. An example pertains to the agenda for posting positions or structural position placement, which frequently serves as a platform for political authorities to engage in competitive behavior in order to advance specific objectives.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 249, "width": 234, "height": 251, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "When discussing interests, several notions arise that explore the interests of individuals involved in power dynamics and political competition inside the bureaucracy. Geddes (2023), an expert in political science, argues that bureaucracy is inevitable and that political actors are interested in government bureaucratic issues. Geddes (2023) identifies a minimum of four factors that motivate politicians to exploit bureaucracy. One of the reasons is that bureaucracy provides specific advantages to its constituents. When political officials are thriving in a political competition, the bureaucracy is often utilized to distribute benefits to their supporters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 502, "width": 234, "height": 206, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Additionally, the bureaucracy serves as a means for politicians to gain patronage and profits by supporting the interests of influential politicians (Jiang, 2018). Furthermore, politicians in power use the bureaucracy to fulfill their own needs by strategically placing individuals from opposing parties or external public organizations in critical positions within the bureaucratic system. Lastly, the bureaucracy is employed as a tool for actors to enact policies that favor interest groups, providing advantages in both the immediate and distant future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 710, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In continuation of his previous argument, Geddes asserts that the four reasons above serve as the primary motivations for politicians in positions of power to employ bureaucracy in order to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 6", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 295, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "achieve three key objectives, namely: 1) Sustaining their authority (ongoing existence). By actively engaging with and leveraging the benefits of the bureaucracy, political leaders can ensure their profitability and at least secure their position until the conclusion of their tenure. 2) Establishing a devoted political apparatus (establishment of a devoted political apparatus). Political authorities, in their role as policymakers, can considerably benefit from effectively utilizing human resources inside the bureaucratic sphere to achieve policy programs that serve political goals. 3) Assessing the efficacy of government. The objective is to use and leverage it for the purpose of acquiring support, both from constituents and political adversaries, in the upcoming election.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 371, "width": 234, "height": 414, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Considering Geddes (2023) complete explanation, researching the politicization of bureaucracy in government would greatly benefit from his insights. The emergence of bureaucratic problems, particularly in the post-reform regional government of Indonesia, poses a significant challenge for researchers and scientists in the fields of administration and politics. The concepts and ideas put forth by previous experts who studied the politicization of bureaucracy can serve as valuable references to address the current issues. Geddes (2023) ideas remain pertinent when applied to the problems that arise in Dharmasraya Regency. The objective of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia is to cultivate professionalism in response to the decline in bureaucratic performance caused by excessive political control. The proposed solution is to establish an efficient and transparent bureaucratic recruitment system that adheres to professional standards and maintains a high level of integrity. The effectiveness of this reform plan was ultimately demonstrated by the enactment of legislation that governs the processes for", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "recruiting bureaucrats, specifically legislation no. 5 of 2014 regarding the State Civil Apparatus. In Indonesia, there is a clear intention to establish a merit-based system for appointing bureaucratic career professionals to appropriate positions while granting the ability to regional leaders who hold political positions. The execution of bureaucratic recruitment within the government realm gives rise to chances for intervention and interests with political overtones.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 252, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers in this study have chosen to adopt Geddes' concept to examine the phenomena of bureaucratic politicization that arises during the implementation of position transfers in Dharmasraya Regency, based on existing theories and ideas. Geddes (2023) opinions are relevant to the research phenomena raised by the researcher. In this context, the researcher discusses the authority of Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads in the process of changing bureaucratic positions within the government bureaucracy. This aligns with Geddes (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 460, "width": 234, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "conception, which emphasizes the interests of political officials in structuring governmental bureaucratic systems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 538, "width": 134, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 553, "width": 234, "height": 236, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Every research endeavor is undeniably driven by the goal of advancing or uncovering knowledge. In addition, research endeavors to discover and formulate techniques that can be employed to resolve a problem. Subsequently, research-related approaches were introduced. An approach similar to the qualitative approach is a methodology that offers instruments for comprehending the profound meaning associated with intricate events and their processes in the realm of social existence (Creswell, 2014). Researchers play a crucial role in explaining the politicization of bureaucracy in the job transfer procedure inside the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 355, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dharmasraya Regency government. The obtained data comprises descriptive information in the form of written or spoken words provided by individuals who served as informants during the investigation. In addition, in relation to this study, researchers employed qualitative methodologies utilizing a case study framework. Case studies are a method used in qualitative research to investigate scientific phenomena. In this approach, the researcher aims to elucidate the phenomena that constitute the study problem, specifically pertaining to the outcomes of the auction for posts within the Dharmasraya Regency government. The focus is on the empty position of Deputy Regent. A research case study seeks to investigate interconnected research inquiries and challenges that cannot be disentangled, encompassing both the phenomenon under investigation and the surrounding context in which the phenomenon takes place.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 428, "width": 234, "height": 339, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "An instrumental case study was implemented in this investigation. They are utilizing a case as a tool to illustrate an issue. One type of case in qualitative research is instrumental case studies (Sugiyono, 2016). Researchers must identify the most suitable case type before commencing their research. The case may be a single case or collective, centered on a single case or an issue, or occurring in multiple locations or within specific locations. Instrumental case studies emphasize individual cases that are intended to be described in detail in order to form a construct or enhance a theory. Job transfers are a prevalent occurrence in government circles today; however, the vacancy in the Deputy Regent position in Dharmasraya Regency has raised intriguing issues regarding job transfers. Consequently, researchers are interested in investigating the phenomenon of job transfers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 173, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 90, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This investigation into the implementation of changes in bureaucratic positions in", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 318, "top": 119, "width": 234, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dharmasraya Regency undoubtedly commences with the issues that present themselves. Subsequently, the researcher endeavors to establish a connection between these issues and the current laws and regulations and subsequently investigates the phenomenon of bureaucratic politicization in the context of studying bureaucratic politics. In practice, bureaucracy and politics are inextricably linked despite their significant distinctions, as previously stated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 298, "width": 234, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Consequently, numerous variables impact political", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 318, "top": 313, "width": 234, "height": 369, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dynamics throughout a government. The researcher initially addressed the factors that resulted in the deputy regent's position becoming vacant in Dharmasraya Regency when discussing the process of altering bureaucratic positions. The vacancy in the deputy regent position was caused by the demise of Dasril Painan, who served as the deputy regent of Dharmasraya Regency, as the researcher elucidated in the problem statement dated February 13, 2022. The researcher inquired of the regent as to why the deputy regent position had not been filled, as it had been vacant for over a year. In addition to representing the regional head in the event that he is unable to fulfill his responsibilities and functions, the deputy regional head is responsible for assisting the regional head in the administration of the government, particularly in the areas of supervision and population control, as well as helping the regional head in the completion of the regional head's work — a highly expansive region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 684, "width": 234, "height": 102, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The job of deputy regional head is one level down to the position of regional head. Hence, this role holds significant importance and serves as a crucial asset within the framework of regional governance. The deputy regional head has a prominent position as the second", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 384, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "highest-ranking official within the regional leadership structure. The position of deputy regent in Dharmasraya Regency remains vacant due to the lack of agreement within the SR-Labuan party regarding the nomination of two candidates for the position. According to Article 176 of Law Number 10 of 2016 on the Election of Regional Heads, the process for filling the position of deputy regent is determined by a specific method. The DPRD conducts elections to fill the empty deputy regional head position based on proposals from political parties or coalitions of supporting political parties. Subsequently, the political party or coalition of supporting parties presents two nominees for the position of deputy regional head to the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) through the current regional head, who will be elected during the DPRD plenary session. Currently, the deputy regent position in Dharmasraya Regency remains unfilled. As a result, the regent is solely responsible for governing the territory without any oversight from a deputy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 460, "width": 234, "height": 325, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The regional government entities have not demonstrated comprehensive knowledge in handling the vacancy for the position of Regent of Dharmasraya Regency. Considering that the process of filling the vacancy requires a coalition of political parties, it is essential to note that each party has distinct objectives. Consequently, there is disagreement among the parties when it comes to making judgments on selecting a new deputy regent candidate. In addition to that, it is essential to realize that the Regent's remaining term of office is limited to a few months, indicating that it will conclude soon. This is undoubtedly a factor to be taken into account when formulating the policies that need to be implemented by different stakeholders. The Regent faces a challenging assignment as he must continue leading the region without a deputy regent, a position that remains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 503, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "unfilled until today. The regional government must maintain its proper functioning in order to fulfill the vision and objective set by the regional head. A regional leader cannot do his obligations single-handedly, given the multitude of tasks that need to be fulfilled. The Dharmasraya Regency government is now functioning effectively, even in the absence of a deputy regent. Undoubtedly, the regent faces a formidable struggle in fulfilling all of his responsibilities and obligations as the regional leader. When a regent fulfills his responsibilities and acts as a regional leader, he likely requires assistance and support from numerous entities, including those within the government institution itself. The unfilled deputy position may potentially create issues within the regional government, given its direct subordination to the role of the Regent. Although a regional secretary currently assists the Regent in performing his duties, it is essential to note that the regional secretary also has distinct primary responsibilities. According to West Sumatra Governor Regulation Number 69 of 2018, the primary duties and functions of the regional secretariat of West Sumatra Province are described. The regional secretary is responsible for formulating, determining, leading, coordinating, and controlling the implementation of the main tasks of the regional secretariat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 579, "width": 234, "height": 206, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Given the primary responsibilities of the regional secretary, it is undeniably a formidable task for them to support the Regent's duties. It would be optimal to have a deputy regent available to assist the Regent. Nevertheless, due to the vacant position, the regional secretary is fulfilling the responsibilities of the deputy regent. In addition to the researcher's explanation of the issue surrounding the unfilled position of deputy regent in Dharmasraya Regency, researchers must focus on observing the bureaucratic transition process within the government of Dharmasraya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers claim that following the vacancy of the deputy regent position, there was evidence that the Regent, acting as PPK, completed steps to Regentment non-employment for many ASNs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 145, "width": 234, "height": 296, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bureaucratic politics emerge when the factors of preferences, aversions, loyalty, and disloyalty towards bureaucratic officials are given priority. The statements acquired from ASN and individuals impacted by non-job impacts were subjective, reflecting their respective perspectives, influenced by the decisions of the Regent as PPK. Subsequently, the research was conducted to ascertain the objectives and motives of the Regent in performing non-occupational roles during that period. Due to divergent viewpoints, academics also hold varying beliefs about the political implications of job vacancies on non-job positions. The researcher's hypotheses are corroborated by previously acquired data and then validated by multiple perspectives gained from various informants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 443, "width": 198, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers observe that the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 457, "width": 234, "height": 325, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regent's decision as PPK is influenced by personal preferences when making this non-employment decision. Asrinaldi acknowledged the presence of bureaucratic politics being conducted by the Regent, but further investigation is needed to understand the underlying reasons for the Regent's unemployment. There have been numerous incidences involving the assignment of individuals specially requested by a regional leader to fill particular jobs. The concept of an entrusted person is evolving throughout regional governments in the field of bureaucracy. While laws and government regulations offer direction to regional leaders such as PPK, the ultimate decision will still be significantly influenced by the progressive rights of regional heads. This will inevitably depend on whether bureaucrats should retain political neutrality or engage in politics to sustain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "their jobs. Choosing this decision is a complex task that falls upon bureaucrats who are responsible for delivering public services. It is pretty regrettable if a policy is not executed in compliance with statutory regulations. ASNs are impacted by policies implemented by regional leaders that prioritize political considerations above the merit-based system when hiring, transferring, and dismissing ASNs. Consequently, ASNs are the ones who suffer the effects of this politicization.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 249, "width": 234, "height": 533, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers have observed that the existing procedure for appointing, transferring, and dismissing bureaucrats no longer adheres to legal statutes, government regulations, Baperjakat guidelines, or the merit system as a standard. According to the research findings, the regent did not prioritize a competency test before assigning non-jobs to multiple ASNs. Furthermore, the regent failed to provide clear explanations for the mistakes made by the ASNs, which resulted in their receiving non-jobs. Moreover, the lack of a deputy regent to serve as a companion and supervisor leads to an imbalance in the management of governmental matters. The problem of non- job positions in the government of Dharmasraya Regency is currently being analyzed from the standpoint of bureaucratic politics and the regent's role as a Commitment Making Officer (PPK) towards the bureaucracy in the government of Dharmasraya Regency. The regent's decision in the non-work bureaucracy appears to be made unilaterally and in violation of multiple relevant regulations. Law Number 5 of 2014, which pertains to State Civil Apparatus (ASN), assigns the responsibility of monitoring and evaluating the implementation of ASN policies and management to BKPSDM. Additionally, it aims to establish a merit system that enables regents to efficiently determine policies for transferring ASN structural", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 35, "width": 358, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 10", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "positions within the Regional Government. Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 outlines the types of penalties that can be imposed on civil servants (ASN) for breaching disciplinary regulations. In this discussion, we will explain the data analysis and findings, as well as provide a chronological account of instances where the implementation of bureaucratic recruitment deviates from the relevant legislation. It is necessary to have a clear understanding and identification of purposes and objectives, which should be founded on factual information, statistics, and well-defined conceptual frameworks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 297, "width": 197, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perpetuating/Maintaining Power", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 52, "top": 312, "width": 234, "height": 473, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Currently, regional chiefs and deputy regional leaders possess complete authority to govern the government. When it comes to politics, the role of the regional head and deputy regional head is undeniably intertwined with the authority in governing. The authority wielded by regional chiefs as Leadership Officials (PPK) sometimes leads to the pursuit of personal interests. According to Geddes, as quoted in Syaiful, one of the primary concerns of the bureaucracy is to preserve its authority, ensuring its longevity either until the end of the current term or for subsequent periods. Sutan Riska, the current regional head, and Dasril Painan were victorious once again in winning the regional head election (Pilkada) in Dharmasraya Regency. It is conceivable for this duo to utilize bureaucrats as a political instrument to secure victory, given the substantial number of votes they can potentially garner from bureaucrats. The utilization of bureaucrats' votes in regional elections is inherently linked to endeavors aimed at retaining political control. The researcher concludes that based on the information received from Sarbaini and Romi as ASN, the participation of bureaucrats in politics is indeed evident. Bureaucracy is utilized as a means for politicians to generate income and secure", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the support of regional heads and deputy regional leaders in order to further their own goals. Sarbaini and Romi lost their posts following the vacancy in the deputy regional head's power.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 148, "width": 234, "height": 548, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers have evaluated that the vacant ASN positions will likely be filled by individuals, possibly recommended by the regent. Given the current circumstances, the regent is effectively governing independently, with a particular focus on maintaining leadership as the regional head. Bureaucracy serves as an instrument for regional heads and deputy regional chiefs to carry out policies, hence influencing the dynamics of relationships among officials. The elected regional head and deputy regional head will select trustworthy individuals to oversee the government operations in alignment with the plans and objectives of the vision and mission. Conversely, bureaucrats have a vested incentive in securing a more advantageous position than they previously had. Currently, researchers have observed an intriguing phenomenon in Dharmasraya Regency. The issue at hand is the abundance of non-job instances arising from the vacant position of Deputy Regent. There are differing perspectives on the matter of the Deputy Regent's position being vacant and the non-job situations that are interconnected. The placement, appointment, and dismissal of ASNs from their jobs can occur due to two factors: firstly, the lack of competency of the ASNs in that particular field, and secondly, a specific request from the regional head. However, the current situation is a consequence of political interference in the selection, appointment, and removal of ASNs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 698, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Furthermore, the issue in Dharmasraya Regency stemmed from the vacant position of the deputy regent, which subsequently led to various problems. The absence of a deputy regent resulted in an imbalance in leadership positions, as the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 12, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "regent was expected to govern the region with the assistance and oversight of the deputy regent. However, due to the vacancy, the regent had to manage the government single-handedly, causing the deputy's supervisory role to be neglected.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 160, "width": 234, "height": 607, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Following the departure of the deputy regent, numerous civil servants were terminated from their positions. This indicates a clear connection between this vacancy and the authorities held by the regent as the regional leader. Failure to provide supervision will have a direct effect on the ASNs. The presence of politically affiliated individuals in the offices of Regent and Deputy Regent increases the likelihood of bureaucratic politics influencing the selection, employment, and removal of civil servants in regional government. When researchers identified interconnections between various issues, such as the execution of job transfers, the reduction in the number of ASNs who were laid off, and the absence of deputy regents. The researcher evaluates whether there are further aspirations, such as preserving his position as regent or consolidating his authority inside the PDIP party, while also seeking to limit the influence of other political parties. These interests are undoubtedly interconnected with the indicator of power preservation. Building upon the regent's desire to maintain power within the government, particularly in terms of ensuring their survival, it is imperative to cultivate the loyalty of bureaucrats towards the leadership. Upon receiving information from the pertinent informants, the researcher observed that the indicator presented by Geddes regarding politicians' interests in the bureaucracy was prominently evident in the implementation of non-job positions in Dharmasraya Regency. There are signs that the regent, acting as PPK, chose to take on a non-occupational role in order to collaborate with individuals who matched", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 429, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "his specific qualifications or, in this instance, were generally loyal to him. 2. Creating a Loyal Political Machine Bureaucracy is employed as a mechanism to generate substantial backing during the regional elections. Given the extensive quantity of ASNs, potential candidates are inclined to utilize bureaucracy as a means to establish political influence by garnering support in regional elections. Regional leaders utilize bureaucratic processes to expedite the implementation of many programs. In order to properly use bureaucracy, regional leaders must establish specific criteria, such as selecting knowledgeable and capable administrators who are impartial and, of course, loyal to them. Then, these reliable civil servants can assist local leaders in obtaining additional support from other politicians to enhance their prospects of maintaining their authority. Evidence of bureaucratic politics in Dharmasraya Regency following the vacancy of the deputy regent's seat is seen in the high number of unemployed civil servants. The vacancy in this office has elicited diverse sentiments, both in favor and against.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 502, "width": 234, "height": 280, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nevertheless, during its execution, numerous impediments arose that affected all factions within the bureaucracy, resulting in the repercussions of this void being felt. The occurrence of bureaucratic politics in Dharmasraya Regency is evident from the significant number of civil servants who were terminated due to the vacancy in the deputy regent position. Therefore, the issue at hand pertains to the procedure of replacing bureaucratic positions within the government of Dharmasraya Regency following the vacancy in the deputy regent position. It raises the question of whether the regent exhibits any signs of loyalty or disloyalty, given that the regent is no longer under supervision and does not receive input from the deputy regent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 35, "width": 358, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 533, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are instances where proper protocols are not adhered to when administering disciplinary actions on the relevant ASN. In the context of the current merit system, the mentioned ASN is not necessarily subject to an instant severe consequence. Researchers argue that the lack of transparent disclosure regarding errors is grounds for mistrust, as there is no oversight of the Regent in the process of appointing, assigning, and dismissing ASNs. Political implications have also gained significant influence for theRegentt in light of the vacancy in the office of Deputy Regent. Regional heads indirectly require the establishment of a loyal political machine. Following the departure of the deputy regent, a predicament arose in the Dharmasraya Regency government environment. Sutan Riska, who had served as deputy regent for a year, was now responsible for managing the government single-handedly. Therefore, it is inevitable to transfer ASNs (civil servants) who are less loyal and do not meet the stated criteria, as the monitoring role that should be fulfilled by the current representative no longer exists. The correlation between this indicator and the preceding indicator indicates that the retention of power necessitates a cohesive and devoted bureaucracy. This bureaucracy must not only address the requirements of forthcoming government initiatives but also serve the personal political agendas of the Regent and his political party.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 609, "width": 234, "height": 161, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Realizing Government Effectiveness Examining and discussing the government's effectiveness in governing is crucial, as effectiveness is a vital indicator of the government's success in its performance. Given the power vacuum in the position of the deputy regent of Dharmasraya Regency, it is imperative to have an efficient approach to governing in order to ensure the continued execution of the deputy regent's responsibilities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 772, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geddes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 110, "top": 772, "width": 176, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "contends that government", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 429, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "effectiveness serves as a pretext for advancing political goals within the bureaucracy. Effectiveness, as a manifestation of good administration or good governance, refers to the ability of a government to efficiently and successfully carry out its functions. In addition, Geddes disclosed that the concept of government effectiveness also seeks to garner backing from constituents or political adversaries. A politician, as an individual with power and authority, undoubtedly requires support from all factions, including the opposition, who will anticipate the potential outcomes and challenges that would arise throughout their tenure in government. This is an additional piece of evidence that supports the research conducted by the author. As a regional leader, the Regent possesses extensive powers that allow for unrestricted political activity inside the realm of bureaucracy. The allocation of key positions occupied by bureaucratic officials is crucial for regional leaders. These officials, such as the PPK, serve as a direct representation of the Regent in governing the region, aligning with the Regent's personal vision, mission, and political party's objectives.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 505, "width": 234, "height": 280, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Explicit and stringent restrictions govern the execution of work transfers. Nevertheless, when engaged in politics, these decisions have the potential to deviate from rationality. The Regent, in addition to serving as a Civil Service Development Officer (PPK), is also a member of a specific political party. Thus, Geddes' perspective aligns with the notion that politicians invariably have interests that seek to exert influence or exploit governmental management, particularly when they hold positions of authority. According to the researchers' findings, which were then linked to metrics of government effectiveness, they were unable to offer a comprehensive explanation or determine if the non-job positions contributed to government effectiveness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 12, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 132, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Given the importance placed on these indicators, the government can enhance its effectiveness by revitalizing the bureaucratic structure through the introduction of non-job positions overseen by the Regent. However, this proposition needs to be substantiated by conducting thorough research on civil servants who are not employed and their motivations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 205, "width": 234, "height": 562, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "While the regent possesses the rightful power and authority to select, relocate, and terminate bureaucrats, it would be pretty regrettable if this privilege were to favor one party at the expense of numerous others. ASNs who have diligently established their jobs must allow those careers to go away without any explicit indication. The regent, acting as PPK, shall issue a letter of reprimand and warning to individuals who are found to have made a mistake in their job in accordance with the relevant laws and government rules. However, non-job ASNs did not accept this, and there was no apparent reason provided for why non-jobs were not supplied information. The sentence received is promptly categorized as a severe penalty. Unfortunately, the regent's authority continues to supersede the stipulations of current laws and regulations. Researchers observe that Weber's assertion regarding bureaucracy as a self-governing bureaucratic apparatus is no longer prevalent in government as a whole since the actualities of contemporary political existence have invalidated this perspective. The bureaucracy, once comprised of non-political players engaged in competition, has now become a tool or political instrument utilized by those in power. If the phenomenon currently being investigated by researchers is relevant, Weber's argument will likely be disproven. This is because in the present context of regional governance, particularly in Indonesia, regional leaders, known as PPKs, tend to prioritize loyalty over basic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "competence when appointing bureaucrats to positions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 119, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 134, "width": 234, "height": 637, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The beginning issue for this research was the vacant position of the deputy regent in Dharmasraya Regency. After identifying the problem based on initial data results, the research proceeded with data collection through interviews and recording. Data analysis was conducted using Barbara Geddes' conceptual framework as a guiding principle. This research concludes that the assumption made by the researcher, which focuses on bureaucratic political issues that arise after the deputy regent's position becomes vacant, has an impact on the number of non-job cases in bureaucratic positions. These cases are decided by the regent himself, who serves as the civil service development officer for the bureaucracy. This impact can be overlooked. The current Regent of Dharmasraya Regency, who holds the position of PPK in the government structure, has engaged in bureaucratic politics by involving himself in matters unrelated to his official duties. While the regent has the authority to appoint, transfer, and dismiss individuals, if there is a deputy regent present, non-employment factors are taken into consideration. This employment position allows for discussion and consideration of recommendations and feedback from the deputy regent, who serves as the regent's companion. If the regent assumes office unilaterally, there is a high likelihood that political factors will be entangled in this non-work issue. Barbara Geddes proposed that regents, as political officials, use bureaucracy to achieve three primary objectives: (1) Maintaining their authority, (2) Establishing a loyal political network, and (3) Achieving effective governance. Gedds has indeed demonstrated that the regent indirectly carries out the three interests by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 35, "width": 358, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "implementing non-job positions in Dharmasraya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 104, "width": 234, "height": 265, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers have identified two indicators that dominate the regent's interests when it comes to carrying out non-job roles based on the three interests of the regent. The regent's desire to retain power is evident in the absence of a replacement for the deputy regent. Given that a deputy regent typically accompanies the regent for only a year, this indicates a deliberate effort to maintain control until the end of the term. Furthermore, it established a steadfast political apparatus. The Regent's primary requirement is to secure the resources necessary to sustain his power and ensure successful governance. As a political figure in a position of authority, he relies heavily on support from inside the bureaucracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 371, "width": 234, "height": 295, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are indications that the procedures for placing, appointing, and dismissing civil servants (ASN) are not in accordance with the applicable Law and Government Regulations. This is based on the numerous cases of non-job positions carried out by the regent as PPK, as well as the lack of warnings and clear information received by ASNs who were assigned non- jobs. Additionally, the regent has not conducted a job fit process prior to these placements. This is a manifestation of bureaucratic politics executed by the regent. However, when it comes to measuring government effectiveness, researchers believe that this question cannot be fully answered using data collected in the field or secondary data, as there is a lack of reasons and explanations for the non-employment of the ASN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 691, "width": 82, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 705, "width": 234, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Belmonte, R., & Cerny, P. G. (2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 718, "width": 210, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heterarchy: toward paradigm shift in world politics. 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05c753c2-e4f7-8eff-e9af-ca495f4ca340	https://pusdiklattekniskemenag.e-journal.id/andragogi/article/download/321/184	[ { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  181", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 74, "width": 405, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANALISIS HASIL UJI KOMPETENSI PADA PESERTA PELATIHAN TENAGA KESEHATAN HAJI KLOTER EMBARKASI BTH DI BAPELKES BATAM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 120, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 146, "width": 154, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan Batam, Batam [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 188, "width": 325, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36052/andragogi.v11i2.321 Diterima: 4 September 2023 \| Disetujui: 6 November 2023 \| Dipublikasikan: 25 Desember 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 250, "width": 36, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 270, "width": 450, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tenaga Kesehatan Haji (TKH) Kloter mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam memberikan pendampingan pada jemaah haji. Agar petugas TKH Kloter dapat menjalankan tugas sesai peran dan fungsinya, mereka dilatih melalui Pelatihan TKH Kloter. Pada tahun 2023, Bapelkes Batam melaksanakan Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam (BTH). Sebagai bagian penting dari pelatihan, evaluasi hasil belajar merupakan instrumen penting untuk mengukur efektivitas program pelatihan dan pencapaian kompetensi sesuai tujuan pelatihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hasil uji kompetensi dan mendeskripsikan profil kompetensi peserta Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam tahun 2023 mencakup kompetensi keterampilan, kompetensi soft skill dan menguji apakah ada perbedaan kompetensi pada kelompok peserta dengan profesi dokter dan perawat. Metode penelitian dirancang dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitafif terhadap 20 orang peserta dengan teknik analisis statistic deskriptif dan One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) peserta memiliki kompetensi keterampilan dan soft skill dengan kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan yaitu 80, (2) terdapat perbedaan pencapaian kompetensi berdasarkan kelompok peserta profesi dokter dan perawat pada kompetensi keterampilan, tetapi tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kompetensi soft skill.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 426, "width": 295, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: jemaah haji; kesehatan haji; evaluasi; kompetensi; keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 450, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 475, "width": 450, "height": 131, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hajj Health Workers have a critical role in assisting pilgrims. To carry out their duties according to their roles and functions, they are trained through training. In 2023, Bapelkes Batam held preparation for Hajj Health Workers of Batam Embarkation. As an essential part of training, the evaluation of learning outcomes is an important instrument for measuring the effectiveness of training programs and achieving competence according to training objectives. The objectives of this study were to analyze and describe participants’ competence profile of a) Achievement of skills competence, b) Achievement of soft skill competence, and c)To test whether there is a difference in the competency of a group of participants with medical and nursing backgrounds. The study was designed with a quantitative descriptive approach to 20 participants using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The findings showed: (1) participants have skill and soft skill competencies above the minimum score of 80, (2) there is a difference in competency achievement based on the participant’s profession as doctor and nurse on skill competencies, but no significant difference of soft skill competencies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 620, "width": 256, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: hajj; health; pilgrims; evaluation; competency; soft skill", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 693, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "182  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 99, "width": 451, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberhasilan upaya kesehatan ditentukan oleh SDM Kesehatan yang profesional dan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan serta meningkatkan SDM Kesehatan yang profesional adalah melalui pelatihan. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji dan Umrah mengamanatkan pembinaan, pelayanan, dan perlindungan pada Jemaah haji. Sebagai tindak lanjut amanah undang – undang tersebut, Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 9 Tahun 2021 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Penyelenggaraan Kesehatan Haji di Arab Saudi mengatur tentang tugas dan fungsi setiap petugas kesehatan dalam melakukan pembinaan, pelayanan dan perlindungan kesehatan bagi jemaah haji selama berada di Arab Saudi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 205, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tenaga Kesehatan Haji (TKH) kelompok terbang (Kloter) berperan sebagai petugas kesehatan yang langsung memberikan pendampingan pada jemaah haji di kloternya. Adapun tugas TKH Kloter adalah memberikan pembinaan, pelayanan dan perlindungan kesehatan terhadap jemaah kelompok terbangnya serta tugas – tugas administrasi sejak di daerah asal jemaah haji, di asrama embarkasi, selama di perjalanan baik di pesawat maupun di bus, selama tinggal di Arab Saudi sampai kembali lagi ke asrama demarkasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 271, "width": 451, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran dan tugas TKH Kloter sangat penting dan turut serta menentukan kesuksesan dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji secara keseluruhan. Agar petugas TKH Kloter dapat menjalankan tugasnya serta mampu mengantisipasi permasalahan yang mungkin timbul selama bertugas, mereka akan mendapatkan pelatihan sebelum melaksanakan tugas. Direktorat Peningkatan Mutu Tenaga Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI telah merancang dan menerbitkan Kurikulum Pelatihan Tenaga Kesehatan Haji Kloter sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan pelatihan bagi calon TKH Kloter Tahun 2023 yang akan bertugas melakukan pendampingan jemaah haji di kloternya masing – masing pada musim haji 1444 H. Kurikulum inilah yang menjadi rujukan dan pedoman pada pelaksanaan Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam yang dilaksanakan di Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan (Bapelkes) Batam sebanyak 3 Angkatan pada tahun 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 390, "width": 450, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bapelkes Batam sebagai salah satu Unit Pelaksana Teknis di Kementerian Kesehatan mempunyai tugas melaksanakan pengelolaan pelatihan sumber daya manusia kesehatan yang di antara fungsinya adalah melaksanaan pelatihan sumber daya manusia kesehatan, pelatihan manajemen, dan pelatihan unggulan tertentu; melaksanakan penjaminan mutu penyelenggaraan pelatihan kesehatan; serta melakukan pemantauan, evaluasi, dan pelaporan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 456, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu komponen utama dalam penyelenggaraan pelatihan adalah evaluasi. Secara etimologi, evaluasi berasal dari bahasa Inggris yaitu evaluation yang berarti penilaian, yakni memberikan suatu nilai, harga terhadap sesuatu dengan menggunakan kriteria tertentu, baik kuantitatif maupun kualitatif (Ramli, 2012). Evaluation mempunyai kata dasar value , yang berarti nilai yang dapat diartikan sebagai ukuran baik buruk (LAN, 2020). Secara etimologi, definisi evaluasi dapat dikemukakan beberapa pendapat sebagai berikut (Ramli, 2012):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 535, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Menurut Mehrens dan Lehmann, evaluasi adalah proses merencanakan, memperoleh, dan menyediakan informasi yang sangat diperlukan untuk membuat alternatif – alternatif keputusan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 562, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menurut Norman E. Gronlund, evaluasi adalah suatu proses yang sistematis untuk menentukan atau membuat sampai sejauh mana tujuan – tujuan pengajaran telah dicapai oleh siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 588, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menurut Suharsimi Arikunto, evaluasi adalah kegiatan menilai dalam kegiatan pendidikan yang berorientasi pada proses perkembangan kemajuan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 614, "width": 451, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi merupakan komponen yang sangat penting dan dibutuhkan dalam setiap program pelatihan. Ia merupakan suatu proses sistematis guna mendapatkan bukti – bukti yang jelas tentang efektifitas dari kegiatan pelatihan yang dilakukan, salah satunya dalam bentuk evaluasi hasil belajar peserta latih. Evaluasi hasil belajar dilakukan untuk memantau proses, relevansi kemajuan belajar peserta dengan tujuan atau standar yang telah ditetapkan, dan perbaikan metode pengajaran serta kelemahan – kelemahan yang ditemukan pada proses belajar mengajar. Hasil evaluasi akan dipergunakan untuk memberikan arah atau landasan yang kuat dalam menentukan pertimbangan pengambilan keputusan mengenai kegiatan pelatihan (Rusandi, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 707, "width": 450, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sesuai kurikulum Kurikulum Pelatihan Tenaga Kesehatan Haji Kloter tahun 2023, Pelatihan TKH Kloter bertujuan agar setelah mengikuti pelatihan, peserta mampu melaksanakan tugas sebagai TKH Kloter sesuai peran dan fungsinya. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan secara blended learning dalam 51 JPL (jam pelajaran, 1 JPL=45 menit) selama 8 (delapan) hari efektif. Kompetensi yang diharapkan diperoleh oleh peserta melalui pelatihan ini antara lain adalah kemampuan dalam: (1) menerapkan etika pelayanan kesehatan haji; (2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  183", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "melakukan manasik kesehatan haji selama di Indonesia, Arab Saudi dan pasca kepulangan dari Arab Saudi; (3) melakukan pengendalian penyakit menular pada jemaah haji; (4) melakukan pelayanan medik dan asuhan keperawatan pada jemaah haji di kloter; (5) menerapkan protokol kesehatan pada jemaah haji; (6) menerapkan komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji; (7) melakukan pengembangan jejaring kerja pelayanan kesehatan haji secara efektif; (8) melakukan pencatatan dan pelaporan secara manual dan elektronik; dan (9) melakukan rencana operasi kesehatan TKH Kloter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 152, "width": 451, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai bagian penting dari pelatihan, evaluasi hasil belajar dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen mengukur efektivitas program pelatihan dan pencapaian kompetensi sesuai tujuan pelatihan. Pada pelatihan TKH Kloter di Bapelkes Batam, evaluasi terhadap peserta dilakukan melalui: posttes t, uji komprehensif/uji tulis, uji kompetensi/uji keterampilan dan evaluasi sikap perilaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 205, "width": 450, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kompetensi atau uji keterampilan dilakukan untuk menilai kompetensi pada 4 (empat) Mata Pelatihan Inti (MPI) yaitu: MPI 1: Etika Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji; MPI 4: Pelayanaan Medik dan Asuhan Keperawatan Jemaah haji di Kloter; MPI 6: Komunikasi Persuasif dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji dan MPI 7: Pengembangan Jejaring Kerja dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji. Evaluasi terhadap MP 1, 6 dan 7 dilakukan melalui instrumen penilaian soft skill sehingga disebut juga uji soft skill sedangkan evaluasi terhadap MP 4 disebut juga uji praktik/keterampilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 284, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kompetensi merupakan proses penilaian ( assessment ) secara teknis yang diselenggarakan oleh penyelenggara pelatihan dalam rangka mengukur kompetensi atau kemampuan peserta latih pada pelatihan tertentu. Kompetensi yang diukur dalam hal ini adalah kompetensi peserta latih sebagai petugas kesehatan yang akan memberikan pendampingan pada jemaah haji di kloter dan pada akhirnya ikut menentukan kesuksesan dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 350, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masalah yang akan diteliti pada kajian ini berkaitan dengan pemetaan hasi uji kompetensi/uji keterampilan berdasarkan variabel penilaian kompetensi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif, pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji, pelayanan medik dan asuhan keperawatan, latar belakang profesi serta variabel penilaian uji keterampilan pada peserta Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 416, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasar pada latar belakang masalah tersebut di atas, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) memetakan profil kompetensi soft skill (etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif, pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji), dan kompetensi pelayanan medik (pada dokter) dan asuhan keperawatan (pada perawat), (2) menjelaskan adakah perbedaan kompetensi soft skill ditinjau dari latar belakang pendidikan profesi, (3) menjelaskan adakah perbedaan kompetensi pelayanaan medik dan asuhan keperawatan jemaah haji di kloter ditinjau dari latar belakang pendidikan profesi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 496, "width": 451, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Urgensi kajian kompetensi hasi uji kompetensi/uji keterampilan adalah untuk menentukan proses pembelajaran dan profesionalitas TKH Kloter yang dilatih dalam mencapai kompetensi yang diharapkan sesuai dengan tujuan pelatihan. Melalui kajian ini, didapatkan gambaran dan data sebagai bahan evaluasi dan perbaikan pada pola dan metode pelatihan dan pengajaran, pengembangan kurikulum, modul dan bahan ajar serta kesiapan panitia penyelenggara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 575, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 601, "width": 450, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dirancang dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah peserta pelatihan Tenaga Kesehatan Haji Kloter Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023 yang berjumlah 81 orang. Sampel penelitian ditetapkan secara purposive sampling pada 20 peserta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive pada peserta profesi dokter dan perawat untuk memperoleh informasi riil pencapaian kompetensi pada ujian kompetensi/ujian keterampilan yang dilakukan di pelatihan secara detail. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan statistic deskriptif dan one way anova .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 694, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 719, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hasil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 732, "width": 451, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil hasil ujian soft skill untuk menilai kompetensi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji dan pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji dipaparkan pada diagram 1. Rerata skor kompetensi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji pada peserta profesi dokter adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "184  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "88,87, sedangkan perawat adalah 86,6. Rerata skor kompetensi komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji profesi dokter adalah 88, 75, sedangkan perawat adalah 86,4. Rerata skor kompetensi pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji profesi dokter adalah 88,38, sedangkan perawat adalah 86,45.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 126, "width": 451, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil hasil ujian praktik/keterampilan dipaparkan pada diagram 2. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian persiapan alat sesuai perlengkapan di kloter pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87,5, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,9. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian deteksi dini kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 85,2, sedangkan perawat adalah 81,9. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian melakukan triage pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 86,9, sedangkan perawat adalah 81,5. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian pada penatalaksanaan asuhan medis/keperawatan (sesuai profesi) pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87,6, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,6. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian tatalaksana kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,6. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian melakukan rujukan pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 88,6, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,5. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian pendokumentasian pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87,1, sedangkan perawat adalah 82.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 428, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Rerata Nilai Ujian Soft Skill", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 206, "top": 674, "width": 191, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Rerata Nilai Ujian Praktik/Keterampilan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 77, "top": 699, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil statistik deskripsi hasil ujian soft skill dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1. Sedangkan hasil statistik deskripsi uji praktik/keterampilan pelayanan medik/asuhan keperawatan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 297, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "88,97 88,75", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 394, "top": 308, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "88,38", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 289, "width": 408, "height": 372, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "86,6 86,4 86,45 85 86 87 88 89 90 Etika Komunikasi Jejaring Dokter Perawat 87,5 85,2 86,9 87,6 87 88,6 87,1 82,9 81,9 81,5 82,3 82,6 82,5 82 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 Persiapan Alat Deteksi Dini Kegawatdaruratan Triage Yanmed/Askep Tatalaksana Kegawatdaruratan Rujukan Dokumentasi Perawat Dokter", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  185", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 169, "top": 73, "width": 263, "height": 261, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Soft Skill No. Ukuran Deskriptif Nilai Dokter Perawat 1. Range 10,00 5,57 2. Minimum 81,82 79,43 3. Maximum 91,82 85 4. Mean 88,61 82,24 5. Std.Deviation 2,704 2,341 6. Std. Error 0,855 0,919 7. Variasi 7,317 5,480 Tabel 2. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Kompetensi Praktik/Keterampilan No. Ukuran Deskriptif Nilai Dokter Perawat 1. Range 6,28 5,57 2. Minimum 83,43 79,43 3. Maximum 89,71 85 4. Mean 86,79 82,24 5. Std.Deviation 1,983 2,341 5. Std. Error 0,627 0,740 7. Variasi 3,934 5,480", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 349, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara lengkap, deskripsi hasil ujian soft skill dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 376, "width": 415, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Soft Skill Kompetensi Etika Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji No. Ukuran Deskriptif Etika Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji Komunikasi Persuasif Pengembangan Jejaring Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat 1. Mean 88,967 86,6 88,75 86,4 88,375 86,45 2. Std. Deviation 2,645 3,273 3,098 2,771 2,295 2,803 3. Std. Error 0,837 1,035 0,979 0,876 0,726 0,8865 4. Minimum 82,67 82 81,25 82,25 82,5 83 5. Maximum 92,67 90 93 89,75 90 90 6. p-value 0,119 0,091 0,110", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 514, "width": 433, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4 dan 5 menunjukkan deskripsi uji praktik atau keterampilan pada 7 variabel penilaian yang dinilai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 533, "width": 392, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Kompetensi Praktik atau Keterampilan pada Variabel 1 - 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 546, "width": 451, "height": 222, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Ukuran Deskriptif Variabel 1 Variabel 2 Variabel 3 Variabel 4 Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat 1. Mean 87,4 82,9 85 81,9 86,6 81,5 87,2 81,5 2. Std. Deviation 2,27 4,067 3,916 1,853 2,988 2,173 2,201 2,213 3. Std. Error 0,718 1,286 1,238 0,586 0,945 0,687 0,696 0,7 4. Minimum 85 78 80 80 80 80 85 80 5. Maximum 90 89 90 85 90 86 90 85 6. p-value 0,007 0,036 0,000 0,000 Tabel 5. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Kompetensi Praktik atau Keterampilan pada Variabel 5 - 7 No. Ukuran Deskriptif Variabel 5 Variabel 6 Variabel 7 Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat 1. Mean 86,5 82,6 88 82,5 86,4 82 2. Std. Deviation 3,100 2,367 2,309 2,368 3,864 2,828 3. Std. Error 0,980 0,748 0,730 0,749 1.222 0,894 4. Minimum 80 80 85 85 80 78 5. Maximum 90 85 90 80 90 85 6. p-value 0,005 0,000 0,009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "186  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 85, "width": 309, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel 1: penilaian persiapan alat sesuai perlengkapan di kloter Variabel 2: penilaian deteksi dini kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji Variabel 3: penilaian melakukan triage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 121, "width": 355, "height": 46, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel 4: penilaian penatalaksanaan medis (bagi dokter) dan asuhan keperawatan (perawat) Variabel 5: penilaian tatalaksana kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji Variabel 6: penilaian melakukan rujukan Variabel 7: penilaian pendokumentasian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 182, "width": 353, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. T-test Perbedaan Uji Kompetensi Berdasarkan Profesi Profesi Uji Praktik/ Keterampilan Ujian Soft Skill T test n M (SD) n M (SD) Dokter 10 86,799 (1,98) 10 88,61 (2,70) 4,696 Perawat 10 82,243 (2,34) 10 86,46 (2,90) 1,708", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 258, "width": 450, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil statistik pada Tabel 13 menunjukan bahwa keterampilan pelayanan medik/asuhan keperawatan pada peserta profesi dokter (N= 10; M = 86,799; SD =1,98) berbeda signifikan dengan keterampilan peserta profesi perawat (N= 10; M = 82,243; SD = 2,34); t=4,696. Sedangkan kompetensi soft skill pada peserta profesi dokter (N= 10; M = 88,61; SD =2,7) tidak berbeda signifikan dengan keterampilan peserta profesi perawat (N= 10; M = 86,46; SD = 2,9); t=1,708.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 337, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 350, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kompetensi soft skill sebesar 88,61 pada profesi dokter dan 86,46 pada profesi perawat. Nilai ini masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan, yaitu 80. Soft skill dapat didefinisikan sebagai seperangkat kemampuan yang mempengaruhi bagaimana kita berinteraksi dengan orang lain meliputi komunikasi efektif (Romas & Sharma, 2022), berpikir kreatif dan kritis (Park, Li, acam-macam& Niu, 2023), membangun tim (Kanokorn, Pongtorn, & Sujanya, 2014), serta kemampuan lain yang terkait kapasitas kepribadian individu (Widhiarso, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 430, "width": 451, "height": 130, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pelatihan TKH Kloter ini, kompetensi soft skill meliputi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji dan pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji. Nilai ini diharapkan memberi gambaran bahwa secara umum, peserta pelatihan mampu memahami dan menerapkan kewajiban dan hak petugas kesehatan haji; memahami etika petugas kesehatan dan etika dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji; mampu berkomunikasi persuasif, bersikap positif kepada jemaah haji, menjadi pendengar yang baik, memberi umpan balik secara persuasif dan menerapkan soft skill komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan di kloter; serta menerapkan jejaring kerja pelayanan haji yang efektif. Pelatihan TKH Kloter ini sangat penting dan juga berpengaruh dalam kesuksesan orang tersebut. Saat ini, soft skill telah menjadi komponen yang sangat penting dalam setiap organisasi (Chassidim, Almog, & Mark, 2018; Joseph, Ang, & Slaughter, 1999; Rodriguez & Campillay Briones, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 562, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada akhirnya, dengan kompetensi soft skill tersebut, peserta pelatihan nantinya mampu memberikan pembinaan, pelayanan serta perlindungan kepada jemaah haji dengan penuh keikhlasan dan ketulusan. Kompetensi soft skill ini sangat penting dan sangat ditekankan karena adanya kasus petugas TKH Kloter yang menelantarkan jemaahnya dan justru sibuk melaksanakan ritual haji. Hasil penelitian tidak menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kompetensi soft skill profesi dokter dan perawat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 628, "width": 451, "height": 130, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "TKH Kloter sebagai dokter dan perawat adalah tenaga profesi kesehatan yang memiliki kemampuan pengetahuan secara mendalam di bidangnya dan menjunjung tinggi etika dan integritas profesi sebagai syarat seseorang menjadi profesional di bidangnya. Seiring dengan dinamika penyelenggaraan kesehatan haji, tuntutan untuk menjadi profesional adalah sebuah keharusan. Akan tetapi, dalam penyelenggaraan haji dari tahun ke tahun, masih terdengar keluhan dari jemaah haji terkait buruknya pelayanan yang diberikan petugas kloter khususnya tenaga kesehatan, misalnya laporan terkait adanya yang petugas lebih banyak berada di masjid untuk beribadah daripada melakukan visitasi ke jemaah terutama jemaah risiko tinggi (risti), kurangnya koordinasi dengan sesama petugas kloter, antarpetugas non kloter maupun dengan jemaahnya sendiri, atau kasus adanya kesalahan medik yang diberikan petugas haji. Hal ini tentu tidak bisa lepas begitu saja dari sikap dan perilaku petugas kesehatan haji. Petugas kesehatan haji yang merupakan tenaga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "profesional seyogyanya diharapkan selalu menerapkan etika, menjalankan kewajiban dan menjaga integritasnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 99, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dokter sebagai ketua tim TKH Kloter harus mampu membangun jejaring dan bermitra baik dengan TKH perawat. Sementara itu, perawat sebagai rekan sejawat harus mendukung dan berperan aktif dalam timnya. Formasi jemaah haji yang didominasi lansia, ditambah dengan padatnya aktivitas fisik, faktor eksternal lain seperti perbedaan iklim, budaya, kelelahan, juga kerinduan pada keluarga mengharuskan TKH kloter memiliki strategi komunikasi yang baik. Untuk membuat jemaah haji mengikuti apa yang diinginkan petugas, terutama dalam upaya preventif dan promotif, TKH dapat menggunakan komunikasi persuasif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 179, "width": 451, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komunikasi persuasif adalah komunikasi yang bersifat mempengaruhi audience atau komunikan (jemaah haji) agar bertindak sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan komunikator (petugas). Tujuan pokok komunikasi persuasif adalah menguatkan atau mengubah sikap dan perilaku, sehingga penggunaan fakta, pendapat, dan imbauan motivasional dapat memperkuat tujuan persuasifnya (Afandi dkk, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 232, "width": 451, "height": 129, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor – faktor di atas menguatkan pentingnya kompetensi soft skill. Itulah mengapa, sejak beberapa tahun ini, pelatihan TKH Kloter sangat menekankan pada pencapaian kompetensi ini. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan nilai kompetensi soft skill masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan (80) menggambarkan metode pelatihan yang sudah cukup efektif. Namun perlu diingat bahwa penguji kompetensi soft skill pada Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023 belum ada yang mengikuti workshop Pelatihan TKH Kloter sehingga subjektifitas dalam penilaian kemungkinan bisa terjadi. Perbedaan yang signifikan ditemukan pada kompetensi keterampilan. Kompetensi keterampilan yang ditampilkan peserta dengan profesi dokter lebih unggul dbanding peserta dengan profesi perawat, meskipun secara umum keduanya menunjukkan nilai dengan kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan (80). Nilai uji keterampilan pada profesi dokter adalah 86,799, sedangkan pada perawat adalah 82,243.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 364, "width": 451, "height": 248, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Senada dengan itu, pada 7 (tujuh) variabel penilaian yang dievaluasi, yakni keterampilan deteksi dini kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus, keterampilan melakukan triage , penatalaksanaan asuhan medis/keperawatan (sesuai profesi), tatalaksana kegawatdaruratan, melakukan rujukan dan pendokumentasian, juga terlihat perbedaan antadua profesi. Profesi dokter lebih unggul dibanding profesi perawat. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan situasi pada saat ujian kasus di mana peserta pelatihan yang berprofesi sebagai dokter berperan sebagai ketua tim yang bertugas mengarahkan tim, menentukan diagnosa, tata laksana, serta rujukan. Perbedaan nilai yang mencolok ini menunjukkan kemampuan peserta dokter lebih unggul dan karenanya diharapkan mampu memimpin tim kesehatan di kloternya dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai TKH kloter dengan sebaik – baiknya. Evaluasi merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam siklus penyelenggaraan pelatihan. Tahapan ini penting karena memberikan umpan balik, mendapatkan data dalam perbaikan program (termasuk strategi penyelenggaraan pelatihan), menentukan apakah suatu program pelatihan harus dihentikan atau tetap dilanjutkan, dan untuk memberikan justiﬁkasi value (nilai program pelatihan) (Munajatisari, 2014). Kirkpatrick melalui teorinya The Four Levels Techniques for Evaluating Training Programs menjelaskan 4 (empat) tingkat/level dalam evaluasi pelatihan, yaitu: Level 1: Reaction , Level 2: Learning , Level 3: Behavior dan Level 4: Result . Evaluasi hasil belajar peserta dalam bentuk uji kompetensi yang dilakukan pada Pelatihan TKHK temasuk evaluasi level 2: pembelajaran ( learning ) (Munajatisari, 2014). Evaluasi pada tingkat ini mengukur sejauh mana peserta memahami materi pelatihan yang disampaikan dalam tiga domain kompetensi yakni knowledge , skill , dan attitude . Evaluasi pada level ini menekankan pada seberapa jauh peningkatan kompetensi dari pembelajaran ( learning ) yang diperoleh melalui pelatihan (Ramli, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 614, "width": 451, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyelenggaraan pelatihan yang efektif diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan ( knowledge ), keterampilan ( skill ), dan tingkah laku ( attitude ) peserta latih sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi. Pencapaian tujuan penyelenggaraan pelatihan yang efektif harus didukung metode pelatihan yang sesuai dan relevan yang tidak hanya memperhatikan unsur efektivitas, melainkan juga unsur biaya (Munajatisari, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 667, "width": 450, "height": 104, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep model pembelajaran menurut Trianto adalah suatu perencanaan atau pola yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam merencanakan pembelajaran di kelas atau pembelajaran tutorial. Model pembelajaran mengacu pada pendekatan pembelajaran yang akan digunakan, termasuk di dalamnya tujuan – tujuan pengajaran, tahap – tahap dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, lingkungan pembelajaran, dan pengelolaan kelas (Afandi dkk, 2013). Sedangkan metode pembelajaran menurut Djamarah SB adalah suatu cara yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, metode diperlukan oleh fasilitator agar penggunaanya bervariasi sesuai tujuan yang ingin dicapai setelah pengajaran berakhir (Indrawati, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "188  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari konsep pembelajaran, model pembelajaran dapat didefinisikan sebagai prosedur atau pola sistematis yang digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Di dalamnya terdapat strategi, teknik, metode, bahan, media dan alat penilaian pembelajaran. Sedangkan metode pembelajaran adalah cara atau tahapan yang digunakan dalam interaksi antara peserta latih dan fasilitator/pelatih untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan sesuai dengan materi dan mekanisme metode pembelajaran. Metode pembelajaran adalah cara yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan rencana yang sudah disusun dalam bentuk kegiatan nyata dan praktis untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, seperti ceramah, demonstrasi diskusi, simulasi, laboratorium dan lain-lain (Indrawati, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 179, "width": 450, "height": 50, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelatihan TKHK Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023 dilakukan secara blended learning yang menggabungkan metode pembelajaran secara online dan klasikal tatap muka. Pembelajaran empat MPI yang diuji pada uji kompetensi dilakukan melalui pembelajaran secara online melalui Zoom meeting dan klasikal dengan metode ceramah interaktif, diskusi, role play dan simulasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 232, "width": 451, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum, hasil uji kompetensi menunjukkan metode yang dilakukan cukup efektif. Pengamatan di lapangan selama kegiatan pelatihan berlangsung, soal kasus yang diberikan pada waktu diskusi, role play dan simulasi diketahui sudah cukup relevan dengan kasus – kasus yang umum terjadi pada penyelenggaraan haji dan akan ditemukan oleh petugas TKH Kloter. Hanya saja, wawancara denga peserta latih dan fasilitator, penggunaan metode diskusi, role play dan simulasi secara online melalui Zoom meeting dirasa kurang optimal dibandingkan dengan tatap muka karena sulit untuk mengamati gerak tubuh dan interaksi dengan rekan sejawat. Perlu diperhitungkan lagi pembagian struktur program materi yang dilakukan secara online dan tatap muka sesuai metode yang dilakukan serta kompetensi yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 350, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 364, "width": 451, "height": 129, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kompetensi soft skill sebesar 88,61 pada profesi dokter dan 86,46 pada profesi perawat. Nilai ini masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan, yaitu 80. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kompetensi soft skill baik antara peserta profesi dokter maupun perawat. Nilai uji keterampilan/praktik pada profesi dokter adalah 86,799, sedangkan pada perawat adalah 82,243. Nilai masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal 80. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kompetensi keterampilan di mana peserta profesi dokter lebih unggul dbanding peserta dengan profesi perawat. Saran penulis untuk peningkatan pencapaian kompetensi serta kelancaran pelaksanaan pelatihan adalah dilakukannya analisis kembali terhadap struktur program pembelajaran secara blended terutama presentasi JPL pada kegiatan penugasan dengan metode diskusi, role play dan simulasi yang dilakukan secara online karena dirasa kurang optimal dibandingkan dengan tatap muka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  189", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 272, "top": 74, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 116, "width": 450, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Afandi, M., Chamalah, E., Wardani, O P. 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d7acf54b-abd0-1da6-3301-0fa93680be1f	https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jes/article/download/4983/2740	[ { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 394, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 132, "width": 226, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Putu Isha Aprinica Institut Pariwisata dan Bisnis Internasional [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 218, "width": 80, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History: First Received:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 218, "width": 412, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "04/11/2021 Final Revision: 14/12/2021 Available online: 30/12/2021 Abstract. The writing of words in print media advertisements is certainly influenced by the elements and structures of its own discourse. This study analyzes the elements and structures of cosmetic advertising discourse used by cosmetic manufacturers in promoting their products. The research approach used in this research is qualitative research by taking samples from Maybelline cosmetic advertisements contained in Seventeen Magazine 2012. Based on the analysis of elements and structures contained in Maybelline cosmetic advertisements, the elements used in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements are verbal elements and visual elements. while the structure of the discourse that appears is the opening, the content and the closing. Keywords: Cosmetic Advertising, Discourse Analysis, Element &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 190, "top": 399, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Structure", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 426, "width": 209, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One of the discourse-forming structures as a whole consists of an introduction, content and closing which must be arranged in such a way as to form a complete and interesting discourse (Sobur, 2001:73). A discourse has a basic framework that includes the arrangement or series of structures or elements in forming a unified coherent form. So, it can be concluded that the series of structures is the plot of a discourse. In this case the series of structures are the opening, the content and the closing. Although broadly speaking, the structure of the discourse consists of the three structures above, but it is different from the structure of the discourse of cosmetic advertising which does not only consist of text, but also consists of images or visual elements. This causes discourse analysis on cosmetic advertisements to be more complex than discourse analysis on a text.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 610, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cosmetic advertisements in Seventeen magazine were chosen because this print magazine is a magazine that is intended for women from adolescence to adulthood where there is more information about beauty than other information, such as news information or the latest gossip. In this case, the discourse of cosmetic advertising has characteristics and elements in which these elements cannot be separated from one another.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the cosmetic advertising discourse in Seventeen magazine, there are elements that build an advertising discourse in which these elements cannot be separated from one another. When an advertising discourse is formed, these elements build a blend that is certainly cohesive and coherent. In addition, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "61 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "building elements of an advertising discourse have their respective functions or roles, this linguistic phenomenon that researchers want to examine.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The selection of cosmetic advertisements as data for this research is because the researcher realizes that there is a significant difference between news discourse and cosmetic advertising discourse. Most of the news discourse, only uses a few visual elements in it, usually the visual element used in news discourse is an image of the event being reported or the character being reported.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, we discussed in more depth the structure contained in the cosmetic advertising discourse, where each of these structures has important parts in the advertising discourse. As described in the theoretical basis, in general an advertisement has several parts, namely headline, illustration(s), body copy, signature line, and standing details. These sections have their own place in the discourse structure of cosmetic advertisements. The structural parts of cosmetic advertisements in the discourse structure have different characteristics from other discourses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse analysis is an investigation of a much wider scope of form and function of what is said and written (Yule, 1996:143). Mulyana said that discourse is a series of interrelated sentences, which connect propositions with one another in a unified meaning (2005: 5) (see also Aprinica: 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse classification is needed to understand, describe and analyze discourse appropriately. Aprinica (2016:15) sorts out discourse based on several aspects, namely form, media, number of speakers and nature. However, based on research needs, the discourse classification used is only discourse classification based on form and style and purpose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 428, "height": 169, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyana (2005:47-50,63-66) divides discourse into 6 (six) types, namely: narrative discourse, expository, hortatory, epistolic, and dramatic. Narrative discourse is a form of discourse that is widely used to tell a story. The form of narrative discourse generally begins with the opening paragraph, content, and closing. Procedural discourse is a discourse that is used to provide instructions or information on how something should be done. Expository discourse is discourse that explains something informatively and the language it uses tends to be denotative and rational. Hortatory discourse is a discourse that is used to influence listeners or readers to be interested in the opinions expressed. The last is dramatic discourse, the discourse is a form of discourse that contains conversations between speakers and as much as possible avoids or minimizes the nature of the narrative in it (see also Aprinica: 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 428, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sobur (2001:73) in the theory of discourse structure says that there are three main structures of the discourse analysis framework, namely: macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure (see also Aprinica: 2016). According to Halliday, the integrity of the discourse structure is closer in meaning as a meaningful (semantic) unity than as a form (syntax) (Mulyana, 2005:25). A series of sentences is said to be a discourse structure if there is an emotional (meaningful) relationship between one part and another. A complete discourse is a discourse that contains integrated and unified aspects, namely elements of cohesion and elements of coherence. The cohesion element includes grammatical, lexical, phonological aspects, while the coherence element includes semantic aspects and topicalization aspects (Aprinica, 2016: 19) (see also mulayawan: 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The data that used in this study are cosmetic advertisements in the 2012 edition of Seventeen Magazine. The selected cosmetic advertisements are advertisements that display cosmetic products which are products used on the face. This cosmetic product is not a product that is used to clean the face but is a cosmetic product that functions to add to the user's beauty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 169, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research approach used in this study is qualitative research by taking samples from cosmetic advertisements in the 2012 edition of Seventeen Magazine. The data collection used in this research were the selected cosmetic advertisements which are cosmetics products used on the face. Data collection was done descriptively, and the data obtained were in the form of words, pictures and not numbers. Sampling of cosmetic advertisements contained in the English language Seventeen magazine and no sampling from other communities. Researchers use the documentation method as a data collection method. The data analyzed in this study are cosmetic advertisements contained in the English language Seventeen magazine. The magazine was chosen because in Seventeen magazine there are various advertisements that attract the attention of the girls, including cosmetic advertisements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 143, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1 Elements of Print Advertising Based on the Media", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the media, there are two main elements, namely verbal elements and non-verbal elements or visual elements. These two elements form a harmonious coherence and cohesion in forming an advertisement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 437, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Verbal Element", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The verbal element in an advertising discourse is an element that has the function of explaining a product through words or writing. The information to be conveyed by the producer is poured through verbal elements. Mulyawan explained that verbal analysis is an analysis that uses linguistic elements such as lexical and grammatical elements. The analysis is an analysis of the cohesion of a text (2005, p25). Halliday and Hasan (1976) distinguish cohesive devices into two parts, namely grammatical cohesion devices and lexical cohesion devices (see also Mulyawan, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse on cosmetic product advertisements uses a lot of verbal elements in it. This is because there is a lot of information that producers want to convey through these cosmetic advertisements. Verbal elements in cosmetic advertising discourse can consist of several words or several sentences. For example, in Sally Hansen's advertisement, the advertisement consists of three main structures of advertising discourse, namely opening, content, and closing. In the opening structure the verbal element is shown in the sentence:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 662, "width": 230, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(A1) “NEW! A stroke of moisturizing genius!” (A2) “Moisture twist 2 -in- 1 primer + color”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 690, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both sentences are opening sentences that function as an introduction or product introduction. While the second structure is the content structure, which consists of two parts, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "63 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(A3) “Prime & color lips in just one moisturizing twist. The primer sets a smooth, super moisturizing base for flawlessly smoot h shiny lips.” (A4) “+30% more moisture, instantly. Conditioning formula has jojoba, sunflower & Moroccan argan oils. Non-sticky, weightless feel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 141, "width": 429, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Each of these sections consists of two or more sentences, which are related information about the content or advantages of the product. The last structure is the closing structure, which is a structure that only consists of a few words, namely: (A5) “10 Luminous shades” (A6) “Beauty that works”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 212, "width": 429, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both parts are closing words which are additional information about the product. When an advertisement does not have a complete advertisement discourse structure, then one part of the discourse structure of the advertisement will use more verbal elements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 268, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Visual Element", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Visual elements or non-verbal elements are elements that function to mix and match a certain verbal element using images or icons so that the advertisement can form a cohesive and coherent advertising discourse. icon is a marker that displays the condition of reality it represents. Visual elements are usually included in the illustration advertising structure, in cosmetic advertising discourse visual elements are usually in the form of pictures of cosmetic products and photos of women. The visual elements that are highlighted in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements vary according to the cosmetic product being advertised. For example, advertisement for an eyeshadow cosmetic product, the visual elements that are more highlighted are the eyes of the advertising model or for example an advertisement for an eyeliner product that shows the eye line more.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 428, "height": 239, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Every visual element contained in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements is mostly a visualization of the verbal elements in the advertisement. This is evidenced by the advertisements for cosmetic products that use women as the advertising model for these products. For example, in the Master Precise Maybelline ad, this ad is an eyeliner ad, which is a cosmetic product that can thicken the eye line on the eyelids, eyeliner is a beauty product that is often used by some women, because this product can make the eyes look bigger and more beautiful. Judging from its function, the visual element used is an image of a female model whose eyes are drawn using Maybelline's precise master product. There are three main components of visual elements, namely images of cosmetic products and two images of the same woman used in this advertisement. The image of the female model has a different style, namely first, in the form of an image of a woman's face that only shows half of her face, the model positions her face obliquely. He uses eyeliner cosmetic products from Master Precise products, not only using them in the eyes but also crossing the eyelids and adding images such as tattoo designs. and the second picture is a picture of a female model as a whole, the whole thing here is that the model not only shows her face but also half of her body.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 341, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The model is wearing a black dress and blonde hair. The style used by the model is sitting sideways so that it shows the side of her face that uses eyeliner. The first image has a function to show and introduce eyeliner products, this can be seen from the clarification of the eyes of the model using Master Precise products. While the second picture shows the final result of using the product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 712, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The same thing is also found in the advertisement for cosmetic eyeshadow products, in the advertisement there are three main components of visual elements,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "65 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "namely two images of female models and images of the product. The first image is an image of the model's face which is only shown in half, but unlike the Master Precise product ad, this ad model does not use a sideways style but faces the reader with his eyes closed. The model closes his eyes so that the reader can see clearly and thoroughly the colors displayed by the product. The color of the eyeshadow or eyelid dye used by the model is purple, which if you look closely the color fades at the top. While the second image is the overall image of the model's face. The model is wearing a white dress and is standing and facing the camera. In both the first and second pictures, the model does not use brightly colored lipstick. The model uses a pale pink lipstick that almost matches her skin tone. This is so that readers can concentrate more on the color of the model's eyelids.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 428, "height": 84, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The use of model images that only show half of their faces is also found in the New Dream Bouncy advertising product. In the advertisement, only two visual elements are used, namely the image of the model's face which is only shown halfway and the product image being advertised. The model does not use dye on her eyelids but uses rouge on her cheeks. The model is styled as if she is applying the New Dream Bouncy blush product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In contrast to cosmetic advertisements that are used on the eyes and cheeks, in lip cosmetics advertisements, the use of model images by only showing half of her face is not visible. In lip cosmetics advertisements, the visual elements used are still the same, namely female models, but the style used by these models is different from eye and cheek cosmetic product advertisements. For example, in the New Baby Lips lip balm advertisement, the advertisement uses two visual elements, namely the image of a woman and the image of the advertised product. The image of the female model in the advertisement using lip balm from the advertised product with the color displayed is a pale pink color. The female model is styled facing forward while holding a note containing information related to the New Baby Lips product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The use of visual elements in cosmetic advertising discourse is an element that must exist in advertisements. This makes the visual element has its own portion in the discourse of cosmetic advertising. The portion also depends on the type of cosmetic product advertised. As has been explained above regarding the visual elements in eye cosmetic products, in lip cosmetic product advertisements, the portion of the visual elements used is slightly different. In the advertisement of lip cosmetic products, namely lipstick and lip balm, the visual element that is mostly used is the image of the variation of the product. As seen in Sally Hansen's Moisture Twist cosmetic ad. In the advertisement, only one image of a woman is used, while there are many product images of the lipstick. This indicates that manufacturers want to highlight the color variations of these cosmetic products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 620, "width": 323, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Cohesion and Coherence of Verbal and Non-Verbal Elements", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In cosmetic advertising discourse, there are two mutually cohesive and coherent elements, namely verbal elements and non-verbal elements. The verbal element in an advertising discourse is an element that has the function of explaining a product through words or writing. The information to be conveyed by the producer is poured through verbal elements. Mulyawan explained that verbal analysis is an analysis that uses linguistic elements such as lexical and grammatical elements. The analysis is an analysis of the cohesion of a text (2005, p25). Halliday and Hasan (1976) distinguish cohesive devices into two parts, namely grammatical", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cohesion devices and lexical cohesion devices (see also Mulyawan, 2005). The verbal element also functions to explain something related to the quality of cosmetic products that cannot be explained by non-verbal elements, for example in the New Covergirl Blastflipstick ad, in which the ad contains the following sentence: (C1) “Creamy color on one side” (C2) “Shimmery color on the flip side”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The two sentences are explanations or information about the quality of the New Covergirl Blastflipstick cosmetic product. The quality is in the form of a thick color on one side and a shiny color on the other. Usually, the body copy ad structure is a structure that talks more about the quality of the advertised product. However, it is undeniable that in the structure of the headline advertisement there is also an explanation of one of the qualities of cosmetic products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For example, in the New Color Tatoo advertisement, the headline in the advertisement contains the sentence \"Dare to wear our longest-lasting shadow\". The phrase \"longest-lasting\" is a phrase that describes the quality of the eye dye which is the most durable. According to Chaer, a phrase is defined as a grammatical unit in the form of a combination of words that are non-predicative, this means that the relationship between the two elements that make up a phrase is not structured as a subject-predicate or a subject-predicate structure (2012, P222). Some cosmetic advertising discourses often use a combination of several phrases to be used in the headline, for example in the New Super Stay 10hr Stain Gloss advertisement which uses the phrases \"lasting color\" and \"vibran sheen\". The phrase shows information about the product having a long-lasting color and vivid sheen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 409, "width": 428, "height": 267, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meanwhile, visual elements or non-verbal elements are elements that function to interpret certain verbal elements using images or icons. icon is a marker that displays the condition of reality it represents. Visual elements are usually included in the illustration advertising structure, in cosmetic advertising discourse visual elements are usually in the form of pictures of cosmetic products and photos of women. The visual elements that are highlighted in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements vary according to the cosmetic product being advertised. For example, an advertisement for an eyeshadow cosmetic product, the visual elements that are more highlighted are the eyes of the advertising model or for example an advertisement for an eyeliner product that shows the eye line more. Whereas in lip cosmetic advertisements, models use lipstick or lip balm from the advertised product, so that the non-verbal element that is more highlighted is the lip color of the model. Often when an eye cosmetic, such as eyeshadow or eye color and eyeliner or eyeliner, the advertiser focuses on the eyes of the model, the model will not use other cosmetics or use cosmetics that do not stand out. Likewise, if the advertisement is an advertisement for lip cosmetics, the model will not use other cosmetics or use a more neutral or calm cosmetic color. This is intended so that readers stay focused on the advertised product, so that the message that the advertiser wants to convey to the reader can be conveyed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cohesion and coherence in verbal and non-verbal elements are needed when a cosmetic advertising discourse does not have a balance between verbal and nonverbal elements. The imbalance can be in the form of more verbal elements than non-verbal elements or vice versa. This imbalance is found in several cosmetic advertisements, for example in the New Rimmel Kate cosmetic advertisement, in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "67 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "which the non-verbal elements are more prominent than the verbal elements. This is evidenced by the lack of verbal elements contained in the advertisement. The verbal element contained in the advertisement only appears in the structure of the headline and signature line, the verbal element shown in the structure of the headline advertisement is in the form of a sentence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 214, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2 Discourse Structure of Cosmetic Ads", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 183, "width": 57, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Opener", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The opening structure in advertising discourse is a structure that has a function as an \"introduction\" or structure that introduces the advertisement to the public. So that in this structure there are several parts of the advertising structure, namely headlines and illustration(s).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 254, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Headlines", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 268, "width": 429, "height": 84, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Headline is the opening part of an advertisement; it can be said that it is the headline that makes readers of print ads feel interested in seeing an advertisement. For example, in Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetic advertisement, the researcher found that if there were three sentences that opened the advertisement, they were: (C1) “Lots of lashes, lots of impact. Not a lot of mess.”(more lashes, stronger impact, no mess).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 352, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C2) “An innovation from Great Lash” (the latest innovat ion from Great Lash products).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 381, "width": 355, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C3) “New lots of lashes mascara” (new, mascara with more brushes).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From sentence (C1) it can be seen that the word \"lots\" which means \"many\" is used more than once. This gives a first impression that can attract the attention of readers so that they are interested in reading the entire cosmetic ad. While sentence (C2) contains one of the opening information that the producer wants to convey, namely that this product is one of the latest innovations from Great Lash products. This is marked by the word \"innovation\" which means \"renewal\". Sentence (C3) is the name of the latest product from Great Lash, this is indicated by the word “new” which confirms that the product is indeed the newest product from Great Lash.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition to the sentence in the headline in the form of an opening information sentence in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements, the headline can also be in the form of a sentence of command and a slogan. As in the ad \"New Baby Lips Maybelline\". In this ad there is an opening sentence as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 563, "width": 244, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C4) “Read my lips: NO MORE BASIC LIP BALM”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 578, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C5) “Give me visible lip renewal + 8 - hr hydration”(give me visible lip renewal + eight hours of moisture)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The sentence \"read my lips\" in example (10) is an example of a commanding sentence contained in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement, the sentence is expected to attract the attention of readers to focus on the lips of the model. While the phrase \"NO MORE BASIC LIP BALM\" is the slogan of the product \"New Baby Lips Maybelline\".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 676, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Illustration(s) Headline", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 690, "width": 429, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Illustration(s) is the background of an ad that provides Illustration(s) of the ad. Illustration(s) in this case is an image that represents the words that are part of the headline. For example in the Great Lash cosmetic ad, Illustration is shown by an image, which is a visual image of eyes that have thick and many eyelashes. This", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "image represents the first sentence of the headline, “Lots of lashes, lots of impact. Not a lot of mess.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "However, unlike the advertisement for new baby lips, in this advertisement the illustration is shown with a verbal element, namely the sentence “new baby lips: spf 20 lip moisturizing balm”. This sentence aims to explain the moisture provided by the product \"new baby lips\", the illustration structure part in the advertisement is indicated by the word \"moisturizing\" which means moisturizing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 198, "width": 65, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Contents", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Content is the structure of advertising discourse that can be said to be the core of an advertisement. Content also serves to provide information about the characteristics of the advertised product. The body can consist of body copy and Illustration(s).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 268, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Body Copy", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Body copy is the body or content of an advertisement which contains information and messages from the advertisement. This is indicated by the phrase “Our great little grabber brush reaches even the tiniest lashes. So you can easily create masses of lashes, minus the mess. Great!”(Our small holder brush reaches even the tiniest lashes. So you can easily create thick lashes without mess. Great!). The sentence provides information about Maybelline's latest Great Lash product, namely the advantages of the product and what the product can do.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Like in Maybelline's great lash advertisement, in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement, the body copy cosmetic advertisement structure in the content advertisement discourse structure contains the main information of the advertised product. In Maybelline's new baby lips ad, there are several informational sentences, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 451, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C6) “THE SECRET: EXCLUSIVE LIP RENEW FORMULA” ( Secret: a new formula for soft and beautiful lips).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 479, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C7) “With SPF 20 protection, our exclusive clinically tested formula moisturizes lips for a full 8 hours.” (with SPF 20 protection, our new moisturizing formula can protect lips for eight hours).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 521, "width": 334, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C8) “After 4 weeks, lips are visibly renewed, completely reborn”. (C9) “Available in 6 varieties”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From sentence (C6) it can be seen that the word \"the secret\" which means \"secret\" in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement is written in big letters and in bold, this indicates that the manufacturer wants readers to be interested in the secret of the product. This is supported by the sentence \"exclusive lip renew formula\" written in capital letters, the sentence implies that in the latest product from Maybelline's new baby lips there is a new formula that can provide beautiful and moist lips.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "While sentences (C7) and (C8) are informational sentences containing the content contained in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement and the results that will be obtained from regular use for four weeks. The sentence (C9) “Available in 6 varieties” can be seen written in pink and in bold, this represents the color of Maybelline's new baby lips lip balm, so that readers can imagine the color of the lip balm. In addition, the sentence provides information that the product is available in six variations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "69 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although most of the body copy in the structure of the content of advertising discourse uses verbal elements. However, in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement, the advertiser also uses visual elements in conveying information related to the advertised product. This is indicated by the use of a table accompanied by information about the changes that occur while using the product from Maybelline's new baby lips and a picture of the lips that shows the difference between before and after using Maybelline's new baby lips product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 183, "width": 429, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Body copy as the main information provider regarding the quality of cosmetic products is found in almost all cosmetic advertisements. In addition to Maybelline's new baby lips product advertisement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 226, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Illustration(s) Body Copy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Illustration(s) are not only found in the opening structure, but also in the body structure. The illustration(s) on Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetic advertisement are shown through the image of Maybelline's Great Lash product and the brush bristles contained in the product. This represents information from the sentences contained in the body copy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 428, "height": 127, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Like Maybelline's great lash advertisement, Maybelline's new baby lips cosmetic advertisement also uses illustrations in the form of images of Maybelline's new baby lips products. This is so that readers can know the shape of Maybelline's new baby lips product. Likewise with the \"Blast flipstick covergirl\" ad, this ad uses product images as an illustration of the structure of the content, but in this ad the product image is intended to describe the color choices available on the “Blast flipstick covergirl” product. This is because there is little infor mation that is conveyed verbally in the structure of the content so that producers feel the need to display these images.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 451, "width": 55, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Closing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The closing is basically in the form of the latest information related to the company where the advertisement is made, but it is also possible that the cover contains product information contained in the advertisement. The cover has a function as the end of an advertising discourse, the cover usually contains a slogan or the name of the company making the advertising product, besides that the cover also represents the end result of the use of cosmetic products to the advertising model. So that in this structure there are illustrations, standing details, and Signature Lines.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 578, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Illustration", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Illustration can also be found in the cover structure, this can be seen in Maybelline's great lash advertisement shown in the image of a female model who has used make-up that focuses on eye make-up so that readers can see that the model is wearing Maybelline's greatlash product. Like Maybelline's great lash advert, Maybelline's new baby lips ad also uses a visual image of a female model as an illustration, what's different is that the model doesn't use makeup on her face but only uses lip balm from Maybelline's new baby lips product. This is so that readers can see the results of using the product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 704, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Standing Details", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standing details are the foot or cover of an advertisement, which is usually found at the bottom or end of the advertisement. This section is usually in the form", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 70", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 56, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of additional information related to the advertised product such as company address, information center, and others. An example of standing details on Maybelline's great lash cosmetic ad is shown by (C10) “Maybelline.com”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 141, "width": 253, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C11) “Find us on the facebook for special offers”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 155, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "All three are additional information about the company's address and where buyers can find the product. But in addition to the three information, there is also information related to the model, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 198, "width": 429, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C12) “Julia is wearing new baby lips.” (Jul ia uses new baby lips products) (C13) “Lip balm in quenched.” ( Satisfactory use of lip balm) (C14) “©2012 maybelline LLC.” (C15) “Based on a clinical study after 4 weeks of use.” ( Based on research from use for four weeks).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sentences (C12), (C13), and (C14) are sentences that contain information about the model’s name and the fact that the model uses Maybelline's new baby lips product. In addition, the sentence also contains information that there is a study that examines how lip changes occur by using products from Maybelline's new baby lips for four weeks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 338, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standing details also appear in the Sally Hansen Moisture Twist advertisement, similar to Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetics ad, the use of standing details is indicated by the sentence", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 381, "width": 295, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C16) “Model is wearing Moisture Twist in fuchsia fusion” (C17) “Sallyhansen.com” (C18) “Based on consumer perception”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As in Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetic advertisement, sentences (C16), (C17) and (C18) are sentences that contain information that the model in the Sally Hansen Moisture Twist advertisement uses the cosmetic product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 465, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Signature Line", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The signature line or logo is the display of the advertised product along with the price, slogan or brand (trade mark) of the advertised cosmetic product company. In cosmetic advertisements, the Signature line or logo is usually found at the bottom of the advertisement. The following is an example of a signature line or logo found in a cosmetic advertisement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Maybelline advertising products, such as in the advertisement for new dream bouncy blush or new super stay 10hour stain gloss, there are several examples of signature lines or logos, namely", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 592, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C19) “Maybelline New york”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 606, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C20) “Maybe she's born with it. Maybe its Maybelline” (maybe he was born that way. Maybe it's because of Maybelline).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sentence (C19) is a brand of Maybelline cosmetic products while sentence (C20) is Maybelline's slogan sentence which reflects that woman can look as beautiful as models because they are born that beautiful, but women can also be beautiful because women use products from Maybelline. The choice of the word maybe in the slogan is a characteristic that producers want to display about Maybelline products. The use of repetition or repetition of forms in the advertisement is intended to make readers more familiar with Maybelline products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "71 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 430, "height": 70, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the analysis of the elements and structures of cosmetic advertising discourse there are two elements of cosmetic advertising discourse, namely verbal elements and non-verbal elements. The verbal element in an advertising discourse is an element that has the function of explaining a product through words or writing. The information to be conveyed by the producer is poured through verbal elements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The imbalance can be in the form of more verbal elements than non-verbal elements or vice versa. The verbal elements contained in the advertisement only appear in the structure of the headline and signature line. the sentence in the ad structure only serves as an opening and providing initial information and as a closing of the ad.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this case the series of structures are the opening, the content and the closing. Although broadly speaking, the structure of the discourse consists of the three structures above, but it is different from the structure of the discourse of cosmetic advertising which does not only consist of text, but also consists of images or visual elements. This causes discourse analysis on cosmetic advertisements to be more complex than discourse analysis on a text. In general, an advertisement has several parts, namely headline, illustration(s), body copy, signature line, and standing details. These sections have their own place in the discourse structure of cosmetic advertisements. The structural parts of cosmetic advertisements in the discourse structure have different characteristics from other discourses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 409, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aprinica, Ni Putu Isha. 2016. Wacana Iklan Kosmetik Berbahasa Inggris (Studi Kasus Pada Majalah Seventeen). Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 370, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Curme, George O. 1966. English Grammar . New York: Brnes & Noble Inc.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 493, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dhianari, Ni Made. 2011. Ragam Bahasa Kaskus . 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38b6124a-2109-f711-6b69-5502030f35da	https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/region/article/download/12118/12392	[ { "left": 111, "top": 88, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "T INGKAT K ESIAPAN K AWASAN I NDUSTRI T ERAS -M OJOSONGO K ABUPATEN B OYOLALI S EBAGAI K AWASAN G REEN I NDUSTRY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 181, "top": 135, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "G ALUH S RI U NTARI 1 P ROGRAM S TUDI P ERENCANAAN W ILAYAH DAN K OTA F AKULTAS T EKNIK U", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 208, "top": 170, "width": 172, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NIVERSITAS S EBELAS M ARET , S URAKARTA email : [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 258, "top": 203, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A NA HA RDIANA 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 216, "width": 218, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ROGRAM S TUDI P ERENCANAAN W ILAYAH DAN K OTA F", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 228, "width": 127, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKULTAS T EKNIK U", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 239, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NIVERSITAS S EBELAS M ARET , S URAKARTA R UFIA A NDISETYANA P UTRI 3 P ROGRAM S TUDI P ERENCANAAN W ILAYAH DAN K OTA F", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 201, "top": 285, "width": 127, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKULTAS T EKNIK U", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 208, "top": 297, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NIVERSITAS S EBELAS M ARET , S URAKARTA", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 318, "width": 42, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 330, "width": 385, "height": 244, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The industrial sector is one of the leading sector in Boyolali. There are several industrial area in Boyolali, one of them is Teras-Mojosongo Industrial Area. Teras- Mojosongo Industrial Area has been designated as one of a national-scale industrial area by the Ministry of Industry which is planned to be completed at 2016. The development of industrial area can not be separated from the impact to it’s environment. Green industry is a concept of industrial area development to face environmental challenge and global economic crisis. Therefore the concept of green industry should be applied in the development of Teras- Mojosongo Industrial Area. This concern has to increase industrial economic growth and preserve environment. The question on this research is to know the readiness of Teras-Mojosongo Indutsrial Area as green industry area seen from characteristic (1) green plan, (2) green process, (3) green management, and (4) green policy. This research is a quantitative research using scoring analysis technique. Based on the analysis, the result shown that the level of readiness of Teras-Mojosongo industrial area as green industry area is close to ready. Therefore some of green industry characteristics that need to beimproved, such as green management characteristic and green policy characteristic. In order to increase the whole readiness of the green industrial area ind Teras-Mojosongo Boyolali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 585, "width": 359, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Environment, Green City, Green Industry, Industrial Area, Readiness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 649, "width": 211, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kota Hijau atau Green City merupakan kota yang ramah lingkungan. Ukuran dari ramah lingkungan yang dimaksud dapat berupa tingkat polusi dan emisi karbon, penggunaan energy dan air, kualitas air, volume sampah dan banyaknya daur ulang, prosentase ruang terbuka hijau, serta alih fungsi lahan pertanian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 623, "width": 211, "height": 77, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[Meadows, 1999; Brugmann,1999]. Kota Hijau memiliku 8 atribut meliputi Green Planning and Design, Green Open Space, Green Waste, Green Transportation, Green Water, Green Energy, Green Building, dan Green Community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 713, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep kota hijau terus mengalami perkembangan salah satunya adalah konsep Green Industry . Green industry", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 207, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "muncul karena adanya keinginan manusia untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi namun tetap memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian Nomor 05/M-IND/PER/1/2011 tentang Program Penganugrahan Penghargaaan Industri Hijau, yang dimaksud dengan Industri Hijau ( Green Industry ) merupakan industri berwawasan lingkungan yang menyelaraskan pertumbuhan dengan kelestarian lingkungan hidup mengutamakan efisiensi dan efektivitas penggunaan sumber daya alam serta bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 305, "width": 211, "height": 297, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Industri sendiri merupakan sektor cepat tumbuh dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Selain itu, industri juga merupakan sektor dengan penggunaan sumber daya dan energy terbesar dan penghasil limbah dalam jumlah banyak. Maka dari itu, Kementrian Perindustrian memilih konsep green industry sebagai konsep wajib dalam pengembangan kawasan industri di Indonesia [Kemenperin, 2012]. Kecamatan Teras-Mojosongo merupakan kawasan industri yang ditetapkan Pemerintah Boyolali melalui Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Boyolali tahun 2011-2031. Kawasan ini juga telah ditunjuk oleh Kementrian Perindustrian sebagai salah satu dari sembilan kawasan industri berskala nasional yang direncanakan penyusunan masterplannya selesai pada tahun 2016. Pengembangan kawasan industri ini direncanakan untuk menggunakan konsep kawasan green industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[Kemenperin, 2015].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mendukung konsep besar pengembangan investasi Kabupaten Boyolali, yaitu Boyolali Green City, Boyolali Water City, dan Boyolali Smart City, Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali juga menerapkan konsep Green Industry dalam pengembangan kawasan industrinya (Pemkab Boyolali, 2011). Belum tersedianya beberapa infrastruktur pendukung kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 212, "height": 207, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "khususnya akses untuk mobilisasi kegiatan industri serta jaringan pengolahan limbah, perlu menjadi perhatian khusus Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali dalam mengembangkan Kawasan Green Industry . Hal penting lainnya yang belum dipenuhi oleh Kawasan Green Industry ini adalah belum adanya manajemen khusus yang mengelola kawasan sehingga mampu melakukan manajemen dan kontroling terhadap kawasan. Melihat fakta-fakta di kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo tersebut dapat dirumuskan pertanyaan penelitian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 292, "width": 211, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Bagaimana tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Kecamatan Teras-Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali sebagai kawasan green industry ?”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 360, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 373, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Kesiapan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 400, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesiapan terjadi jika ada ketuntasan dalam rencana, ada kecukupan dan latihan dari pelaku, serta ketersediaan dukungan pelayanan atau system (Business Dictionary, 2016). Maka, terdapat 3 hal yang harus dilakukan untuk mewujudkan kesiapan:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 490, "width": 159, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Ketuntasan, terkait rencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 334, "top": 503, "width": 193, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Kecukupan, mampu memenuhi kebutuhan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 334, "top": 529, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Ketersediaan, berarti sudah ada", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 554, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Green City", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 581, "width": 214, "height": 169, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kota Hijau atau Green City dapat diukur melalui tingkat polusi dan emisi karbon, penggunaan energi dan air, kualitas air, volume sampah dan banyaknya daur ulang, prosentase ruang terbuka hijau, serta alih fungsi lahan pertanian [Meadows & Brugmann, 1999]. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan membangun kota lestari atau kota hijau yang didukung jaringan infrastruktur hijau, termasuk hutan-hutan kota, sebagai penyangga kehidupan kota. Kota Hijau memiliki 8 atribut,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 514, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "meliputi Green Planning and Design, Green Open Space, Green Waste, Green Transportation, Green Water, Green Energy, Green Building, dan Green Community [Joga, 2013].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kota Hijau merupakan kota yang memanfaatkan air dan energi secara efektif dan efisien; mengurangi produksi limbah; menerapkan sistem transportasi terpadu; menjamin kesehatan lingkungan; mensinergikan lingkungan alami dan buatan; berdasarkan perencanaan kota yang berpihak pada prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan [Kementrian Pekerjaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 211, "height": 245, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Umum, 2011]. Kota hijau cenderung mempertahankan lahan terbuka yang ada dan membatasi pembangunan fisik sebagai upaya dalam menyeimbangkan kondisi lingkungan. Pembangunan yang dilakukan dalam kota hijau lebih terfokus pada pengembangan kualitas lingkungan serta pembangunan infrastruktur yang ramah lingkungan. Berdasarkan teori yang ada dilakukan sintesa, sehingga didapat sintesa komponen green city , meliputi Green Energy, Green Water, Green Waste, Green Open Space, Green Transportation, Green Planning an Design, dan Green Community [Meadows & Brugmann, 1999; Joga, 2013 Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2011].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Kawasan Industri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 576, "width": 211, "height": 181, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kawasan industri/ Industrial Estate atau sering disebut juga Industrial Park merupakan kawasan yang dibangun pada suatu lahan dengan peruntukan sesuai untuk kegiatan ekonomi mengolah bahan baku/sumber daya industri sehingga memiliki nilai jual/nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi, baik dilihat dari lokasinya yang strategis maupun zoning kawasan yang tepat. Kawasan industri perlu didukung dengan ketersediaan infrastruktur (utilitas) yang memadai serta kemudahan dalam aksesibilitas trasportasi baik barang maupun manusia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(tenaga kerja). Suatu kawasan industri biasanya dikelola secara administrative oleh perserangan atau lembaga terkait yang berwenang [Komite Nasional Kawasan Industri Amerika Serikat/ National Industrian Zoning", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 163, "width": 125, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Committee’s USA, 1975] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 189, "width": 211, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kawasan industri merupakan suatu daerah atau kawasan yang didominasi oleh aktivitas industri. Kawasan industri biasanya dilengkapi oleh berbagai fasilitas pendukung kegiatan industri didalamnya, seperti peralatan-peralatan pabrik ( industrial plants ), laboratorium untuk pengembangan industri, bangunan perkantoran industri, bank, serta prasarana umum lainnya mencangkup perumahan, sekolah, tempat ibadah, ruang terbuka hijau, dll [ULI, 1975].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 357, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan teori yang ada dilakukan sintesa sehingga didapat sintesa komponen Kawasan Industri, meliputi Lahan Kawasan Industri, Infrastruktur Kawasan Industri, Manajemen Pengelola Kawasan Industri, dan Kebijakan Kawasan Industri [Komite Nasional Kawasan Industri Amerika Serikat/ National Industrian Zoning Committee’s USA, 1975; ULI, 1975].", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 499, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.4 Green Industry", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 525, "width": 212, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Green Industry merupakan salah satu akibat dari adanya usaha konservasi dan perlindungan terhadap lingkungan (Zhang, 2016). Penerapan konsep Green Industry bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kondisi lingkungan, mempromosikan kestabilan pembangunan ekonomi, menciptakan lapangan kerja pagi masyarakat, efisiensi energi, serta menciptakan masyarakat yang peduli terhadap lingkungan [Lu S., 2013].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 680, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan teori yang ada dilakukan sintesa sehingga didapat sintesa green industry , meliputi Green Plan, Green Process, Keterlibatan Masyarakat dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketersediaan Dokumen Lingkungan [Zhang, 2016; Lu S., 2013] 3. METODE PENELITIAN Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Kecamatan Teras-Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali sebagai kawasan green industry . Ditinjau dari variabel komponen kawasan green industry dan analisis skoring tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai kawasan green industry dengan variabel penelitian dan teknik analisis sebagai berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 304, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Variabel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel dalam penelitian ini ada empat yaitu green plan, green process, green management, dan green policy. Dengan definisi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Definisi Variabel Kawasan Green Industry No Variabel Definisi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 429, "width": 191, "height": 65, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Green plan Green plan merupakan rencana kawasan yang berpedoman pada konsep ramah lingkungan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 453, "width": 192, "height": 165, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Yongli Zhang, 2016), yang mencangkup 3 aspek penting green city: 1. Rencana pengembangan kawasan industri hijau 2. Rencana pengembangan kawasan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau 3. Rencana pengembangan kawasan komunitas (masayrakat) hijau 2 Green process Green prosses merupakan hal- hal yang mendukung terwujudnya konsep ramah lingkungan dalam industry manufactur (Lu Yong-Long, dkk: 2015). Termasuk di dalamnya: 1. Lahan penunjang green industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 618, "width": 192, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sarana penunjang green industry 3. Prasarana penunjang green industry 4. Transportasi penunjang green industry 3 Green management Green management, meliputi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 179, "top": 685, "width": 104, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pengelola kawasan industri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 693, "width": 192, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Masyarakat sekitar kawasan industri dalam bentuk CSR Hijau 4 Green policy Green policy merupakan payung hukum kawasan green industry , yang meliputi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 199, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Variabel Definisi 1. Dokumen ijin lingkungan 2. Peraturan perundang- undangan Sumber : UNIDO (2010); Zhang Wei, Jin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 131, "width": 208, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yuguo, dan Wang Jiaping (2014); Lu S., Huang M., Su P., Tseng., Chen (2013); Yongli Zhang (2016); Kementrian Perindustrian (2011); RIPIN (2015-2035) dan Penulis (2017)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 187, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Teknik Analisis 3.2.1 Identifikasi Karakteristik Kawasan Industri Teras-Mojosongo berdasarkan Komponen Kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 238, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Green Industri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 266, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis yang dilakukan dengan teknik analisis skoring bertingkat ini ada beberapa tahapan. Tahap yang pertama adalah dilakukan penilaian kesiapan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo pada tahap parameter sesuai table lampiran 1. Tahap kedua dilakukan penilaian kesiapan pada tingkat sub- variabel dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 382, "width": 197, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 = (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) − (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎ℎ) 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 410, "width": 205, "height": 345, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Interval Skoring Sub-variabel Subvariabel Skor Siap (2) Tidak Siap (1) Rencana pengembangan industri hijau (terdiri dari 3 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan industri hijau adalah 4,6-6 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan industri hijau adalah 3-4,5 Rencana pengembangan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau (terdiri dari 11 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau adalah 16,6-22 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau adalah 11-16,5 Rencana pengembangan komunitas/masayr akat hijau (terdiri dari 2 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan komunitas/masyr akat hijau adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan komunitas/masyr akat hijau adalah 2-3 Lahan industri (terdiri dari 2 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter lahan industri adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter lahan industri adalah 2- 3 Sarana penunjang industri (terdiri dari 5 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter sarana penunjang industri adalah 7,6-10 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter sarana penunjang industri adalah 5- 7,5 Prasarana penunjang industri (terdiri dari 4 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter prasarana Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter prasarana", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 514, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 85, "width": 199, "height": 292, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subvariabel Skor Siap (2) Tidak Siap (1) penunjang industri adalah 6,1-8 penunjang industri adalah 4- 6 Transportasi penunjang industri (terdiri dari 2 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter transportasi penunjang industri adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter transportasi penunjang industri adalah 2- 3 Manajemen pengelola kawasan (terdiri dari 1 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari parameter manajemen pengelola kawasan adalah 2 Jika hasil skoring dari parameter manajemen pengelola kawasan adalah 1 CSR Hijau (terdiri dari 7 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter CSR Hijau adalah 10,6- 14 Jika hasil skoring dari parameter CSR Hijau adalah 7-10,5 Dokumen perijinan (terdiri dari 42 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter dokumen perijinan adalah 63,1-84 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter dokumen perijinan adalah 42-63 Peraturan perundang- undangan daerah (terdiri dari 3 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter peraturan perundang- undnagan daerah adalah 4,6-6 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter peraturan perundang- undnagan daerah adalah 3-4,5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 130, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Analisis, 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 402, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap ketiga dilakukan penilaian kesiapan pada tingkat variabel dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 197, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 = (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) − (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎ℎ)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 452, "width": 44, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 442, "height": 593, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Interval Skoring Variabel Variabel Skor Siap (2) Tidak Siap (1) Green plan (terdiri dari 3 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green plan adalah 4,6-6 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh seluruh subvariabel green plan adalah 3-4,5 Green process (terdiri dari 4 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green process adalah 6,1-8 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green process adalah 4- 6 Green management (terdiri dari 2 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green management adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green management adalah 2-3 Green policy (terdiri dari 2 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green policy adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter lahan industri adalah 2- 3 Sumber : Hasil Analisis, 2017 3.2.2 Analisis Kesiapan Kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 97, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai Kawasan Green Industri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 137, "width": 211, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara mengalikan skor kesiapan masing- masing variabel dengan bobot variabel penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 201, "width": 212, "height": 142, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bobot variabel dihitung dengan teknik weighted product (WP). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Weighted Product (WP). WP merupakan merupakan metode pengambilan keputusan multi kriteria dengan cara perkalian untuk menghubungkan rating alternatif, dimana rating alternatif harus dipangkatkan dulu dengan bobot alternatif yang bersangkutan [Basyaib, 2006].", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 356, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan (lampiran 2.), maka didapat bobot masing-masing variabel sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 404, "width": 167, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Bobot Variabel Penelitian Variabel Bobot Green plan 0,242 Green process 0,258 Green management 0,250 Green policy 0,250", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 460, "width": 130, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Analisis, 2017", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 481, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diketahui nilai kesiapan, yaitu nilai total perkalian skoring variabel dan bobot variabel, dilakukan perhitungan presentase kesiapan dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 546, "width": 211, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) 𝑥 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 578, "width": 211, "height": 155, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya presentase kesiapan akan dibagi kedalam 3 rentang kesiapan, yaitu mendekati tidak siap, mendekati siap dan tidak siap, serta mendekati siap. Hal ini adalah upaya interpretasi hasil analisis yang dapat dipaham secara relative berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapat, bukan secara mutlak. Untuk lebih jelasnya berikut rentang masing- masing klasifikasi kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai kawasan green industry [Sugiyono, 2007]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Apabila presentase kesiapan termasuk rentang 0 – 49%, maka kesiapan kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo dinyatakan mendekati tidak siap untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan green industry Boyolali. b. Apabila presentase kesiapan termasuk rentang 50%, maka kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo dinyatakan mendekati siap dan tidak siap untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan green industry Boyolali.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 211, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Apabila presentase kesiapan termasuk rentang 51% - 100%, maka kesiapan kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo dinyatakan mendekati siap untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan green industry Boyolali.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 343, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 211, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kawasan Green Industry Teras- Mojosongo merupakan Kawasan Industri di Kabupaten Boyolali yang dikembangkan dengan mengadaptasi konsep industri ramah lingkungan yaitu green industry . Kawasan ini sudah sesuai dengan peruntukan kawasan yang tertera dalam RTRW Boyolali 2011-2031. Kawasan green industry ini merupakan kawasan dengan radius 1 kilometer dari masing masing embrio industri di Kecamatan Teras dan Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali. Kawasan ini meliputi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 538, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 kecamatan dan 12 desa, dengan luas keseluruhan kurang lebih 1742 hektar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 724, "width": 178, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 Peta Administratif Kawasan Industri Teras-Mojosongo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 84, "width": 212, "height": 285, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Kesiapan Karakteristik Kawasan Industri Karakteristik kawasan industri berdasarkan komponen kawasan green industry meliputi green plan, green process, green management, dan green policy. Green plan merupakan rencana pengembangan kawasan yang berpedoman pada konsep ramah lingkungan, dimana mencangkup rencana pengembangan kawasan industri hijau, rencana pengembangan infrastruktur hijau serta rencana pengembangan kawasan komunitas hijau. Green process merupakan hal-hal yang mendukung berlangsungnya kegiatan industri manufaktur namun tetap mengedepankan konsep ramah lingkungan, meliputi lahan penunjang industri hijau, sarana penunjang industri hijau, prasarana penunjang industri hijau,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 369, "width": 211, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "serta transportasi penunjang industri hijau. Green management merupakan upaya dari pengelola kawasan industri untuk menerapkan atribut green city dalam melaksanakan fungsi manajemen serta tanggung jawabnya baik terhadap masyarakat maupun keberlangsungan social melalui CSR Hijau. Sedangkan green policy merupakan payung hukum dan dasar penyelenggaraan segala kegiatan di dalam kawasan, sehingga keberadaannya merupakan keadaan mutlak bagi suatu kawasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 550, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan nilai untuk masing-masing kesiapan pada masing- masing variabel adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 614, "width": 204, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green Plan Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Rencana pengembangan industri hijau 6 Siap (2) Rencana pengembangan infrastruktur hijau 21 Siap (2) Rencana pengebangan komunitas hijau 4 Siap (2) Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 514, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 271, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen Green Plan terkait penerapan konsep green industry pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo termasuk dalam kategori siap. Hal ini terlihat dari sudah tersedianya rencana yang mengatur kegiatan industri hijau dikawasan, infrastruktur penunjang industri hijau maupun rencana yang mengatur pengembangan komunitas hijau di kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo. Rencana tersebut tertuang dalam beberapa dokumen rencana kabupaten Boyolali dengan lokasi perencanaan merujuk pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo. Rencana yang ada belum memang berbentuk satu dokumen rencana induk perindustrian/masterplan kawasan industri hijau sehingga belum mendetail hingga ke teknis pelaksanaannya pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 368, "width": 211, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 198, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Process Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Lahan penunjang kawasan green industry 4 Siap (2) Sarana penunjang kawasan green industry 18 Siap (2) Prasarana penunjang kawasan green industry 8 Siap (2) Transportasi penunjang kawasan green industry 4 Siap (2) Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 211, "height": 207, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen green process pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sendiri berada pada kategori siap. Dimana dari kurang lebih 1700 Ha lahan yang ada, 52% masih berupa lahan kosong sehingga masih dimungkinkan untuk melakukan pembangunan dengan tetap memperhatikan prosentase lahan ideal pada suatu kawasan. Sarana penunjang pada kawasan green industry juga sudah lengkap dan tersebar di seluruh kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sehingga memudahkan masyarakat maupun tenaga kerja kawasan dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Jaringan prasarana kawasan juga berusaha untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mendukung konsep ramah lingkungan kawasan, misalnya adanya energi pengganti listrik dalam proses produksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "serta penggunaan kembali air hasil pengolahan dalam proses produksi. Jaringan prasarana yang ada di kawasan menunjukan potensi kawasan dalam mencapai tujuan utama ekonomi hijau yakni meningkatkan kegiatan ekonomi (industri) dan mengurangi dampaknya terhadap sumber daya indutri dan lingkungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 214, "width": 211, "height": 246, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan adanya pemanfaatan energi selain listrik dan air hasil pengolahan kembali berarti kawasan sudah mampu mengurangi/menghemat sumber daya industri dalam kegiatanya. Dan sebagai potensi dalam mengurangi dampak terhadap lingkungan, perusahaan industri berusaha melakukan pengolahan terhadap limbah industri, baik melalui sistem 3R maupun instalasi pengolahan (IPAL) sehingga tidak semua limbah industri dibuang ke lingkungan. Selain itu dari segi transportasi, beberapa kawasan telah berusaha mengurangi emisi akibat penggunaan kendaraan bermotor salah satunya dengan cara penggunaan mobil dan sepeda listrik (accu) walaupun penggunaannya masih terbatas pada internal perusahaan industri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 473, "width": 212, "height": 282, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green Management Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Adanya pengelola khusus kawasan green industry 1 Tidak siap (1) Tersedia kegiatan CSR Hijau yang melibatkan masyarakat dengan tujuan utama pelestarian lingkungan hidup 14 Siap (2) Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017 Kategori kesiapan komponen green management berdasarkan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo termasuk kategori tidak siap dikarenakan belum ada manajemen pengelola yang bertugas/berwewenang dalam melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo. Dimana keberadaan manajemen pengelola yang khusus mengelola suatu kawasan industri memiliki peran penting dalam menyatukan berbagai kepentingan stakeholder terkait kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "industri, sehingga pengembangan kawasan industri yang ada tidak merugikan stakeholder tertentu maupun lingkungan terkait penerapan konsep green industry (William Bredo, 1969).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 211, "height": 275, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan pengelolaan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo diatas kertas memang masih menjadi hak Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali, namun pada kenyataan dilapangan kegiatan pengelolaan dilakukan oleh masing- masing perusahaan industri. Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali bertugas mengontrol kegiatan masing-masing perusahaan industri di kawasan agar tetap sesuai dengan visi-misi perindustrian Kabupaten Boyolali Tabel 7. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green Policy Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Green industry telah memiliki ijin tata ruang, ijin gangguan, IMB, dokumen lingkungan, ijin pengolahan limbah, dan ijin usaha 84 Siap (2) Tersedianya peraturan daerah serta peraturan/keputusan kepala daerah kawasan green industry terkait karakteristik kawasan industri 4 Tidak siap (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 425, "width": 142, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 211, "height": 297, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen green policy juga termasuk dalam kategori tidak siap jika dilihat dari karakteristik kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo berdasarkan komponen- komponen kawasan green industry . Kebijakan merupakan payung hukum dan dasar penyelenggaraan segala kegiatana di dalam kawasan, sehingga keberadaannya merupakan keadaan mutlak bagi suatu kawasan ( ULI, 1975). Kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sendiri belum memiliki dokumen rencana dasar yaitu masterplan/rencana induk perindustrian kawasan sebagai payung hukum yang menjadi pedoman pelaksanaan kegiatan di kawasan. Keadaan ini disebabkan karena efek berantai belum adanya Rencana Induk Perindustrian Jawa Tengah dan Rencana Induk Perindustrian Kabupaten Boyolali. Karena rencana pada tingkatan atas yang digunakan sebagai acuan belum ada, Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "belum mampu mengadakan kegiatan penyusunan Rencana Induk Perindustrian Kawasan Industri Teras-Mojosongo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 136, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri Teras Mojosongo sebagai Kawasan Green Industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 188, "width": 212, "height": 174, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengacu pada penilaian karakteristik kesiapan dapat diketahui karakteristik green plan memiliki nilai 2 (siap), karakteristik green process memiliki nilai 2 (siap), karakteristik green mnagement memiliki nilai 1 (tidak siap), dan karakteristik green process memiliki nilai 1 (tidak siap). Dan nilai total kesiapan setelah dikalikan bobot adalah 1,5. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan maka dilakukan perhitungan presentase kesiapan sebagai berikut : 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) 𝑥 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 363, "width": 211, "height": 190, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 = 1,5 (2) 𝑥 100% 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 = 75 % Berdasarkan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo terkait komponen-komponen kawasan green industry yang meliputi green plan, green process, green management, dan green policy , diketahui bahwa kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojongongo Kabupaten Boyolali dalam penerapan konsep kawasan green industry secara keseluruhan termasuk ke dalam kategori mendekati siap .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 566, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permasalahan utama yang terlihat dari kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 592, "width": 212, "height": 155, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mojosongo dalam menerapkan konsep kawasan green industry adalah dari sisi manajemen, dimana belum ada manajemen pengelola khusus yang berwenang mengelola kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo secara keseluruhan. Adanya karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo yang belum memenuhi komponen-komponen kawasan green industry menunjukan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali sebagai pihak yang saat ini memegang wewenang akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 508, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengelolaan kawasan belum mampu memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki kawasan terkait penerapan konsep kawasan green industry. Dengan belum seluruh karakteristik kawasan terkait komponen-komponen kawasan green industry terpenuhi oleh kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo, hal ini akan berpengaruh dalam rencana penerapan konsep kawasan green industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 72, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kedepannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 239, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 211, "height": 64, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan yang didapatkan baik selama penelitian berlangsung ataupun hasil dari penelitian, serta saran baik untuk hasil penelitian serta penelitian selanjutnya adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 343, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.1 Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebgaai kawasan green industry ini selama proses penelitian dan berdasarkan analisis menemukan banyak hal dan dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Komponen green plan pada penelitian ini termasuk kategori siap dimana telah terdapat rencana terkait rencana yang mengatur kegiatan industri hijau dikawasan, infrastruktur penunjang industri hijau maupun rencana yang mengatur pengembangan komunitas hijau, walaupun tidak dalam satu dokumen rencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 213, "height": 155, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Komponen green process pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori siap. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan masih dimungkinkannya diadakan pembangunan pada lahan kawasan dengan tetap mengoptimalkan proporsi lahan ideal. Selain itu infrastruktur kawasan, meliputi sarana, prasarana dan transportasi, juga telah tersedia serta mendukung konsep kawasan industri hijau yang ada.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Komponen green management pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 85, "width": 198, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tidak siap. Hal ini disebabkan belum tersedianya manajemen yang khusus mengelola kawasan sehingga kegiatan pengelolaan kawasan tidak sesuai dengan fungsi manajemen serta tidak ada kesatuan pemikiran antara pemerintah maupun pihak perusahaan industri dalam mencapai tujuan kawasan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 201, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Komponen green policy pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori tidak siap. Dimana masih belum tersedia peraturan daerah maupun surat keputusan Bupati Boyolali yang mengatur teknis pelaksanaan kegiatan di kawasan. Hal ini dikarenakan belum adanya rencana induk kawasan yang digunakan sebagai rujukan dalam merumuskan peraturan teknis.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 330, "width": 211, "height": 104, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Karakteristik kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo telah sesuai dengan komponen-komponen kawasan green industry sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo memiliki potensi dalam pengembangan konsep kawasan green industry .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 434, "width": 211, "height": 103, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai kawasan green industry masih dalah tahap mendekati siap sehingga kawasan masih perlu melakukan pengembangan pada beberapa karakteritis kawasan sesuai komponen kawasan green industry .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 537, "width": 214, "height": 220, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "g. Belum adanya pengelola khusus kawasan green industry menyebabkan pengembangan konsep kawasan green industry belum maksimal karena tidak ada pihak yang menjembatani berbagai stakeholder dalam pengembangan kawasan sehingga potensi yang ada belum mampu dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. h. Belum dirumuskannya rencana induk pengembangan industri kawasan menyebabkan Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali belum mampu membentuk peraturan daerah yang mengatur teknis pelaksanaan kegiatan di kawasan sehingga kawasan belum", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memiliki payung hukum yang lengkap dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 123, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.2 Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran yang dapat peneliti sampaiakan setalah melakukan proses penelitian ini antara lain sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 189, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Perlu adanya manajemen pengelola khusus kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo sehingga pengelolaan kawasan lebih terstruktur dan maksimal.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 211, "height": 103, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Peningkatan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo terkait komponen kawasan green industry perlu terus dilakukan sehingga suatu saat kesiapan kawasan dalam menerapkan konsep kawasan green industry dapat mencapai tahap siap sempurna.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat membuat alternatif sistem pengumpulan data lain sehingga dalam mengidentifikasi karakteristik kawasan dapat lebih mendetail.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 67, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 211, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basyaib. 2006. Teori Pembuat Keputusan . Yogyakarta: Andi Offset Brugmann, J. 1999. Is There A Method In", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 499, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Our Measurement? The Use Of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 512, "width": 190, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indicators In Local Sustainable Development Planning . 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f576e7b8-aa81-0f2a-85ec-1adb87f2a7a3	https://www.ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/notariil/article/download/1726/1369	[ { "left": 75, "top": 142, "width": 424, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Notariil, Vol. 5, No. 1, Mei 2020, 39 - 48 P ISSN 2540 - 797X Available Online at https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/notariil E ISSN 2615 - 1545 http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jn.4.2.1208.65 - 72", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 185, "width": 437, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NOTARY RESPONSIBILITIES ON THE MAKING OF DEED WITH DOUBLE NUMBER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 227, "width": 356, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I Wayan Erik Pratama Putra, Luh Putu Sudini and I Nyoman Alit Puspadma Magister of Notary, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali - Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 309, "width": 42, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 323, "width": 448, "height": 152, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The objective of this research to reveal (1) the responsibility of a notary for the drafting of a double number and (2) the legal consequences if a double number occurs in a notarial deed. The types of this research is normative legal research. The research results indicated that (1) The notary's responsibility for making a notarial deed with a double number must be accounted for administratively. The existence of a double number on the notary deed indicates that the notary has been inadvertently applied in making an authentic deed. In every legal action that implies the use of authority, it implies an obligation of accountability. Thus, a notary who makes a notarial deed with a double number requires the notary to be administratively responsible, remembering that the negligence made by a notary is an administrative error; and (2) The legal consequences in the event of a double number in a notary deed do not cause any consequences if no party feels disadvantaged by the existence of this double number. All that is left is for the notary to publish the minutes of changing the deed number and notify parties such as the parties, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and the local Land Office if the double - numbered deed is related to land rights. However, if the double numbered deed brings harm to another party, then the party who feels disadvantaged can sue the notary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 483, "width": 231, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Notary, Deed, Double Number, Neglect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 509, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 524, "width": 213, "height": 167, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary is a general official appointed by the Government to assist the general public in terms of making existing or emerging agreements in society. According to ( Davidson, 2012 ), Civil law notary Also known as a latin notary, a legal professional recognised by law to authenticate documents and advise parties. The necessity of these written covenants is made before a notary is to ensure the legal certainty and to fulfill the strong evidence of the parties to the Covenant. The need to be write proof that wants the importance of this notary ( Notodisoerjo, 2003 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 693, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The notary authority stipulated in article 15 paragraph (1) of Law No. 2 of 2014 on the amendment to Law No. 30 of 2004 on the notary Department (hereinafter called UUJN - P) mentions notary authorized to make an authentic deed on All actions,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 503, "width": 214, "height": 233, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "agreements, and assignments required by the legislation and/or as required by the interested to be expressed in the Authentic Act, ensure the certainty of the deed of Creation, store the deed, provide Grosse, copies and quotations of the deed, all of them throughout the creation of the Act are not also assigned or excluded to other officers or persons stipulated by law. Pursuant to article 1868 of the Code of Civil Law (hereinafter referred to as Kuhcivil) the meaning of authentic deed is a deed made in the form of a prescribed statute by or in the presence of a general authorized officer for it in the place of the deed It was made. Thus the main authority of the notary is to make an authentic deed, to be a deed has its authenticity as an authentic deed then must fulfill the terms as an authentic deed stipulated in article 1868 Kuhcivil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 738, "width": 214, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The authority to make an authentic deed is the request of the parties based on", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 269, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How To Cite:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 281, "width": 448, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Putra, I. W. E. P., Sudimi, L. P., & Puspadma, I. N. A. (2020), Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number, Jurnal Notariil , 5 (1) 2020, 39-48, Doi: https://doi.org/10.22225/jn.5.1.1726.39-48", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the agreement of the parties to make an agreement that is set forth in the form of notarial deed. The agreement of this Party shall be governed by article 1320 of the Civil Code governing the legal requirements of the agreement. Furthermore, article 1870 of the Civil Code governs for the parties concerned and its heirs or to those who obtain the right from them, an authentic deed gives a perfect proof of what is contained therein. This means the authentic deed has the perfect power for the party that makes it and the heirs.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 230, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In practice there can be problems with the authentic deed made by the notary because of negligence, lack of thoroughness/carelessness (basic prudence), one of the problems are the numbering of double deed. In making", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 296, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deed the deed number is made so that the authentic deeds are listed by the notary sequentially so that it can be easy to find and distinguish with other deeds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 344, "width": 214, "height": 278, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If it is proved to be infringing, it should be notarized to account for its actions, both the responsibility in terms of civil law and the appropriate administration of sanctions provisions stipulated in article 84 and 85 law The changes to the UUJN and the code of conduct, but in UUJN and UUJN - P do not regulate criminal sanctions. There were latest researches relating to the current issue such as conducted by ( Intan, 2016 ) said that in case of violation of Article 16 Paragraph (1) Letter (a) Law on the position of Notary, legally valid. Sanctions only affect the legal subject of a Notary pursuant to Article 16 paragraph (11) that is subject to sanctions in the form of written warning, suspension, dismissal with respect; or dismissal with disrespect. Further, ( Trisnasari, 2019 ) stipulated in her research that the legal consequences of double numbering on the different deed namely the deed still considered valid if it has fulfilled the legal requirements of an agreement specified in Article 1320 of the Civil Code.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 624, "width": 213, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the explanation above, the objectives of this researche is to know and analyze the notary responsibility on the making of deed with double number and To know and analyze the consequences of the law if there is a double number in notarial deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 711, "width": 63, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 726, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research uses the type of normative legal research. Normative legal research is research conducted by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "reviewing the prevailing laws or regulations applied to a particular legal problem. Normative legal research examines the law from an internal perspective with its research object is the legal norm ( Diantha, 2017 ). Normative research is often referred to by doctrinal research, which is the research that the object of study is the document of legislation and library materials ( Marzuki, 2011 ). The type of approach used is of approach and conceptual approach, given the problems examined and discussed in this research is about the notary's responsibility to the making of the deed With a double number. The techniques applied in the collection of legal materials needed in this study are through the study document. After conducting a search and collecting legal materials and legislation the next step creates a folder to store the material that is already grouped according to the object. Examples of folders containing legislation, theories, concepts and so on. The analysis of the successfully collected legal materials in this study will be conducted in a descriptive, interpretive, evaluative and argumentative.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 390, "width": 174, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 411, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary responsibilities of the Making of deed by double number", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 437, "width": 214, "height": 245, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the making of the authentic deed, notary must be responsible if the deed is made there are elements of deed against both intentional and unlawful negligence. Conversely, if the element of action against the law is caused by the parties, then throughout the notary to implement its authority in accordance with statutory regulations, then the notary is not able to be asked In response, because the notary only records what the parties convey to be poured into the deed. False information submitted by the Parties is the responsibility of the parties ( Mamminanga, 2008 ). In other words, which can be held accountable to the notary is when the element of deed against the law sourced from the notary self ( Notodisoerjo, 2003 ). As long as the notary is not on the sides and careful in carrying out its position, the notary will be more protected in carrying out its obligations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 684, "width": 214, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After giving information about an incident requested by inserting into an authentic deed to the notary, the deed itself has not made it or the information regarding the incident has not been incorporated into the deed. Not all things/ events apply here, but rather the events", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 40", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "that must be proved by the authentic deed. The scope of notary known adagium that \"every man who comes facing the notary has rightly said. True saying is directly proportional to saying right ”. If it is true to say, it is not directly proportional to say that it means a lie or false information, it is the responsibility in question ( Waluyo,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 160, "width": 32, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2001 ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 175, "width": 213, "height": 410, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary is a human who has not escaped the error in the making of the deed, such as making a double number for it if it happens either because of deliberate or negligence of the notary to make mistakes, then it can be held responsibility from In terms of administrative law. The administrative responsibility of a notarial deed of conduct against the law in the making of authentic deeds may be subject to administrative sanctions. Broadly, administrative sanctions can be differentiated into 3 kinds: Reparative sanctions are these sanctions aimed at the improvement of the violation of the law order. May be the termination of illegal deeds, the obligation to change attitudes/ actions so that the achievement of the original state is determined, the action to fix something contrary to the rules. An example of compulsion is to do something for the government and payment of forced money that is determined as punishment. Punitive sanctions are punishing sanctions, which is an additional burden. Punishment sanctions are in retaliation, and preventive actions that lead to fear of the same or possible offenders for other offenders. For example, payment of fines to the government, hard strikes, and regressive sanctions are sanctions in reaction to something of disobedience, Something that is decided according to the law, as if returned to the actual legal state before the decision is taken. For example revocation, alteration or suspension of a decision ( Berge, 1996 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 587, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Some administrative law libraries are known to be several types of administrative sanctions, among others:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 624, "width": 213, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Real execution is the sanction used by the administration, either by not fulfilling the obligations contained in a provision of administrative law or on violations of a provision of legislation to do without permission, consisting From taking, blocking, running or correcting what is contrary to the provisions in the lawful regulation, which is made,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 72, "width": 434, "height": 686, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "drafted, experienced, allowed, tampered with or taken by the perpetrator. b) Direct execution (Parate Executie) is sanctioned in the money collection originating from the administrative legal relationship.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 120, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Withdrawal of permission is a sanction given to violations of rules or conditions relating to provisions, but also violations of statutory regulations(Adjie, 2008a)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 168, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to H.D. Van Wijk/Willem Konijnenbelt as quoted by ( Hadjon, 2004 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 190, "width": 214, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The administrative sanctions include the following a) Coercion of the government, b) A favorable withdrawal of decision (determination) (permit, payment, subsidy), c) Imposition of administrative fines, d) Government forced money", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 260, "width": 214, "height": 282, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The government's imposed forced money sanctions are intended to add definite penalties, in addition to the fines that have been expressly stated in the legislation in question ( Hadjon, 2004 ). Administrative sanctions based on UUJN - P mentions that there are 5 (five) types of administrative sanctions given when a notary violates the provisions of UUJN - P i.e. oral warnings, written warnings, temporary dismissal, dismissal Disrespect. The sanctions apply on a level from verbal strikes to disrespectful dismissal. Notary sanctions for violating such provisions in the article in the UUJN - P is the internal sanction of sanctions against the notary in carrying out its duties and positions do not implement a series of orderly actions Duties and positions of notary public to be conducted for the purpose of notary self. Sanctions against notary in the form of a temporary termination of his position is the next stage after the rationing of verbal reprimand and reprimand in writing ( Notodisoerjo, 2003 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 544, "width": 214, "height": 178, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The position of sanctions in the form of a temporary termination of a notary office or suspension is waiting for the implementation of sanctions imposed by the Government in this regard by Kemenkumham. The temporary termination penalty of notary, is intended for notary to not perform duties and positions for a while, before the sanction of dismissal or disrespect is subject to notary. The temporary termination of this suspension ends in the form of a restoration to the notary to carry out its duties and positions again or be followed up by a dismissal or disrespect sanction ( Adjie, 2008b ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 724, "width": 214, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The temporary termination penalty of a notary office is a real action that can be immediately executed while the sanctions", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 243, "top": 53, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 41", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "in the form of dismissal and disrespectful termination are included in the type of decision revocation sanctions Profitable. Thus the provisions of the articles of UUJN - P which can be categorized as administrative sanctions are temporary stops, dismissal and disrespect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 153, "width": 213, "height": 200, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The procedures for the allotment of administrative sanctions are carried out directly by the authorities authorised to impose the sanctions. The allotment of administrative sanctions is as a preventive step (supervision) and a repressive step (application of sanctions). Preventive measures are conducted through the periodic examination of the Protocol and the possibility of violations in the execution of notary office. While the repressive step is done through the allotment of sanctions by the Regional supervisory assembly, the form of verbal strikes and written strikes and the right to propose to the Central Supervisory assembly temporary termination 3 months to 6 months and disrespect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 355, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Central supervisory Assembly further conducts temporary termination and is entitled to propose to the Minister in the form of disrespect. Then the Minister on the proposal of the Central supervisory assembly can stop the notary with respect and disrespect. Conclusion of the administrative accountability to a notary public is notarized to be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of temporary dismissal, dismissal or disrespect the notary Commit deeds against the law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 503, "width": 213, "height": 189, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A notary error or omission in carrying out his duty and authority as a double number can cause harm to the complainer or the other party. Offences committed by the notary in the conduct of his duties and authorities, can result in the deed made by or in his presence, to be null and void (van Rechts - Wege nietig), can be cancelled ( Vernietig - Baar) or only have The power of proof as the deed under the hands ( Onderhands acte), may cause the notary to be liable to assume damages for the matter. The party that is wronged due to the occurrence of such violations or errors, may make claims or claims of damages, fees and interest to the notary in question by court.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 694, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reviewed from Muhammad Nasrun's theory of responsibility that states the legal or fundamental aspect of responsibility is authority or authority.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 738, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Authority obtained from a legislation followed by the accountability of the", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "implementation of the Authority. Notary authority to make a deed obtained from UUJN Jo UUJN - P followed by a notary responsibility for the deed he made. At each legal action it contains the meaning of the use of authority, so it implies a liability obligation. Thus the notary who made notarial deed with double number requires notary to be administratively responsible considering the negligence made by the notary is an administrative error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 214, "width": 214, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Legal Consequences in the case of a double number in notarial deed", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 240, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The occurrence of double numbers in notarial deed occurred due to notary negligence. In the case of notary negligence in making the double number deed resulted from the law for the notary and for the double - numbered deed. The following discussion will discuss the two consequences of the law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 332, "width": 214, "height": 223, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The creation of notarial deed with double number is notarized due to negligence. Negligence (culpa) lies between deliberate and coincidence, however also culpa is seen to be lighter than intentionally, therefore proceeding culpa, culpa it is a false proceeding ( Quasideliet) so that it is held a criminal reduction. Proceeding culpa contains two kinds, namely the delic negligence that caused the consequences and that does not cause a result, but that is threatened with the criminal is an act of inattention itself, the difference between the two is very easy to understand that is negligence Caused by the occurrence of the result, then it was taken by negligence, for the unnecessarily caused by the negligence itself has been threatened with criminal ( Moeljatno, 2003 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 557, "width": 214, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reviewed from the principle of caution. The presence of a double number indicates that notary does not apply prudence. The basic application of caution must be implemented in the making of notarial deed by:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 627, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Introduction to the Roadblock based on his identity shown to the notary.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 653, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Inquire, then listen to and observe the wishes or desires of those parties.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 679, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Check the evidence of the letter relating to the wishes or the will of the parties.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 705, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Advise and create a framework of deed to fulfill the wishes or will of the parties", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 731, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Fulfill all administrative techniques of making notarial deed, such as reading, signing, providing copies and filing for", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 42", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 89, "top": 72, "width": 36, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Minuta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 87, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f) Perform other obligations relating to the implementation of a notary duties and positions ( Moeljatno, 2003 ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 124, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The requirements of the elements that must be in proceeding Omissions can be expressed as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 161, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Do not hold preconceived presumption as required by law, as this refers to the defendant thinking that the consequences will not occur because of his actions, but the view is then not true. Confusion lies in any misrepresentation that should be removed. The defendant had no idea that the forbidden consequences may arise because of his actions. Confusion lies in having no thought at all that the consequences may arise where the attitude is dangerous.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 308, "width": 213, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Do not hold the attention as required by law, on this subject does not conduct research of wisdom, prevention of skills/efforts that turned out in certain circumstances/in the way doing actions.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 367, "width": 213, "height": 146, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negligence made by a notary such as the double number in notarial deed means the notary has violated article 16 paragraph (1) Letter M UUJN - P which means notary has acted intently (negligent). If the negligence made by the notary to cause the deed to be legal defect, the notary may be liable. Notarial deed that only has the power of proof as a deed under the hands or null and void can be the reason for the party to suffer losses to claim reimbursement, indemnity and interest to the notary who made the deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 515, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "On the issues of office accountability by Kranenburg and Vegtig There are two theories that do, among them (Ridwan, 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 563, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Theory of fautes Personalles, which is the theory that the loss of third parties is charged to officials who because of his actions have caused losses. In this theory the burden of responsibility is aimed at human beings as personal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 633, "width": 213, "height": 123, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Theory of fautes de services, which is the theory that the loss of third parties is charged to the institution of the relevant officials. According to this theory the responsibility is imposed on the position. In its application, the losses that arise are adjusted whether the mistake is a severe mistake or a minor error, where the weight and lightness of a fault implicates the responsibility to be borne.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In relation to the problem of notary liability of notarial negligence resulting in an authentic deed which resulted in null and void based on the theory of fautes of Personalles, notary is responsible", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 127, "width": 214, "height": 167, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Individual or personal to the deed he made. This is in line with the opinion of Habib Adjie stating that notary is a public office that has the characteristics of: \"As a position, notary has a certain authority, appointed and dismissed by the Government, does not accept Salary/ retirement from which it is lifted and accountability for its work to the community. ” On the characteristic lifted and dismissed by the Government (in this case the government in question is the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia), describing that a notary is a position.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 296, "width": 214, "height": 200, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reviewed from the theory of authority and responsibility according to Muhammad Nasrun stating the legal aspect or the basis of responsibility is the authority or authority ( Nasrun, 2014 ). Authority obtained from a legislation followed by the accountability of the implementation of the Authority. Notary authority to make a deed obtained from UUJN Jo UUJN - P followed by a notary responsibility for the deed he made. At each legal action it contains the meaning of the use of authority, so it implies a liability obligation. Thus the notary who made notarial deed with double number requires notary to be administratively responsible considering the negligence made by the notary is an administrative error.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 499, "width": 214, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notarized personal responsibility can also be seen from the responsibilities of the notary term, which has expired. If a person has not served as a notary and notarized protocol has been handed over to the receiver notary protocol, if there is a dispute against the deed of the day then the responsible not the recipient of the Protocol, but the notary The. It can be seen in the provisions of article 65 UUJN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 613, "width": 214, "height": 145, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A notary Public official may be liable for a double - numbered authentic deed that results in the cancellation of the law based on the distribution of the accountability of Hans Kelsen, the individual accountability of a Individuals are responsible for their own committed violations and absolute accountability which means that an individual is responsible for their infringement by accident and unpredictably. Based on the theory from Hans Kelsen, the accountability that can burden a notary public is personally", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 243, "top": 53, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "accountable, which is a notary responsible for his own negligence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 98, "width": 213, "height": 167, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the authentic deed made in this case the negligence is null and void and therefore the the appearers felt harmed then the notary obliged to account for his actions. It should be a notary cautious and careful in making his deeds. A notary should be professional in carrying out its duties. A notary must be careful and do not neglect to respond to the wishes and needs of the community (clients) who come to him so that the wishes and needs of the community can be poured out properly and correctly in a deed. With the professional nature of notary, it will fulfill the needs of the community well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 267, "width": 213, "height": 178, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To assess the legal consequences of a double - numbered notarial deed, the assessment of notarial deed should be done with the principle of presumption of legitimate (presumptio iustae causa). This principle can be used to assess notarial deed, i.e. the deed of the Notraris should be considered valid until a party stating that the deed is not valid. To declare or assess the act is unlawful to submit a lawsuit to the district court. During and as long as the lawsuit runs until there is a court ruling that has a fixed legal force, the notarial deed remains valid and binding on the parties or anyone with interest in the deed ( Nasrun, 2014 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 447, "width": 213, "height": 190, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apply the principle of presumption valid for notarial deed, then the provisions contained in article 84 UUJN, which is the deed in question only has the power of proof as deed under the hand is no longer needed, so that the notarial deed only may be cancelled or null and void. The principle of a legitimate presumption of notarial deed relating to the Revocable Act, is an act of defects, i.e. no notarized to make the deed outwardly, formally, and materially, and not in accordance with the rules of law About the creation of notary deed. This principle cannot be used to assess notarial deed null and void, because the null and void deed was deemed never made.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 639, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As such, for some reason as stated above, the position of notarial deed is:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 665, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) can be cancelled;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 680, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) null and void;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Has the power of proof as a deed under the hand;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 721, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Cancelled by the parties themselves; And", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 747, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Cancelled by a court ruling that has had", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 199, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a fixed legal force due to the application of a presumption of legitimate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 98, "width": 214, "height": 189, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the double - numbered notarial deed contains reason to be cancelled, then the cancellation of the deed is to be the authority of the civil justice, namely by filing a lawsuit in civil litigation. If the proceeding is requested to cancel the deed by the injured party (the victim), the notarial deed may be cancelled by the civil justice if there is evidence of the opponent. As it is known that notarial deed is an authentic deed which is a written proof tool that has a binding power and perfect evidence. This means that it is still possible to be disabled by proof of the opponent i.e. the lawsuit to prosecute the cancellation of the deed into court so that the deed is cancelled.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 289, "width": 214, "height": 211, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The cancellation caused uncertain circumstances, therefore the law gives limited time in case of demanding where the law can be cancelled when it is about protecting a person against himself. Thus, in a verdict by a civil justice as long as no cancellation is requested, the legal action/ Agreement contained in the Act shall remain valid or valid. After the ruling of the judge who has a legal force remains in the prosecution lawsuit, the deed no longer has the power of law as an authentic instrument of evidence because it contains a juridical defect/legal defect, then in the A civil justice ruling will declare that the deed is null and void. And the cancellation of the deed is retroactive since the Act of Law/Agreement was made.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 503, "width": 214, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The law of the Agreement contains the consequences of certain laws if subjective terms and objectives are not met. If subjective terms are not fulfilled, then the agreement can be cancelled", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 558, "width": 214, "height": 178, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Vernietigbaar) as long as there is a request by certain persons or interested. Cancellation due to requests from interested parties, such as parents, guardians or forgiveness is called a relative or absolute cancellation. The relative cancellation is divided into 2 (two) namely the cancellation of its own power, then at the request of a particular person by filing a lawsuit or resistance, in order for the judge to declare void (Nietig verklaard) a treaty. For example if not fulfilled subjective terms (article 1446 Civil Code) and cancellation by the judge, by ruling on cancelling an agreement by submitting a lawsuit ( Prodjodikoro, 2011 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 738, "width": 214, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "These subjective terms are always shadowed by the threat to be cancelled by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 211, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the parties concerned by the parents, guardians or forgiving. In order for such a threat to not occur, it may be asked for affirmations of those concerned, that the agreement will remain in force and bind the parties. If the condition of an agreement is without cause, or that has been made because of a false or prohibited cause, then the agreement has no power (article 1335 Civil Code). If not stated a cause, but there is a halal reason (not prohibited), or if there is any other cause, than stated, then the agreement remains valid (article 1336 Kuhcivil), the objective is not fulfilled, then null and void Agreement (NIETIG), Without the need for any request from the parties, thus the agreement is deemed to have never existed and does not bind anyone.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 285, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "An absolute void agreement may also occur, if a treaty is not fulfilled, whereas the rule of law has determined for such legal action to be made in a manner that has been determined or contrary to morality or Public order, because the agreement has not been deemed to exist, it is no longer the basis for the parties to prosecute or sue in any way and form ( Subekti, 2005 ). For example, if an agreement must be made by deed (notary or Land Deed official (PPAT), but it is not done, then the Act or the agreement is null and void.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 443, "width": 213, "height": 168, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cancellation of an authentic deed can also be done by the notary if the parties are aware of any errors or mistakes that have been outlined in the deed. So as to make a doubt on the agreement/ Agreement of the parties, then the deed can be canceled by the notary. If notarized in the case of falsification of deed to become intellectual actor or notary also participate in the fraud of the letter that can be categorized in the deed of crime then juridically cannot be transmitted not Based on criminal provisions only, but also by rules in Civil Code and UUJN and its amendment laws.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 613, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In connection with the cancellation of notarial deed, article 84 UUJN shall be submitted. According to article 84 UUJN that the act of infringement conducted notarized to the provisions referred to in article 16 paragraph (1) Letter I, article 16 paragraph (1) Letter K, article 41, article 44, article 48, article 49, Article 50, article 51, or article 52 that resulted A deed only has the power of proof as a deed under the hands or a deed to be null and void can be a reason for the party to suffer losses to claim reimbursement, damages,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 163, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and interest to the notary public.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 87, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The things referred to in article 84 UUJN are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 113, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Notary does not make a list of deeds relating to wills in the order of the time of the deed every month;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 150, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Notary does not record in Repertoria the date of submission of a will list at the end of each month;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 187, "width": 213, "height": 123, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Notary in violation of provisions of article 38, article 39, and article 40 of UUJN. Article 38 governs the form and nature of notarial deed consisting of the beginning of deed (head of deed) including the existence of a double number on the deed, the deed body, and the end of the deed (deed conclusion). Article 39 governs the conditions of the Roadblock and section 40 regulates the terms of witnesses;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 312, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Notary Public article 44 Uujn which governs that immediately after the deed is read, the deed is signed by any complainer, witness, and notary, except when there is a the appearers that cannot affix the signature by mentioning the reason expressly stated in the deed. The act in a foreign language is signed by a roadblock, notary, witness, and an official translator. The reading, translation or explanation, and the signing of the deed are expressly stated at the end of the deed;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 470, "width": 213, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Notary Public Article 48 UUJN, which governs that the content of the deed is prohibited to be amended by way of replacing, supplemented, strikethrough, pasted, deleted, and/or overwritten. Changes in the contents of the deed shall be replaced, supplemented, strikethrough, and pasted can be made and valid if the change is parsed or marked by any other endorsement by the complainer, witness, and notary;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 596, "width": 213, "height": 123, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f) Notary Public article 49 UUJN, which governs that any amendment to the deed is made on the left side of the deed. If a change cannot be made on the left side of the deed, the amendment is made at the end of the deed, prior to the deed's conclusion, by designating the modified part or by inserting an additional sheet. Changes made without pointing to the altered part, resulting in the change being null;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 721, "width": 214, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g) Notary Public Article 50 UUJN, which confirms that if the deed needs to be performed a word - scribble, letter, or", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 45", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 72, "width": 199, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "figure, then the scribble is done in such a way that it remains readable according to the re - stated and number of words, letters, or The number of the strikethrough, expressed on the deed. The scribble is declared valid after being Diparaf or given another endorsement by the complainers, witnesses, and notary. If there are other changes to the Scribble, then the change is done on the deed side. At the conclusion of each deed is stated about the existence or absence of changes to the scribble;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 230, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h) Notary Public article 51 UUJN, which governs that the notary authorized to correct the error of writing and/or typographical errors contained in the signed Deed minuta. The fortification was carried out in front of the complainants, witnesses, and notaries which were set forth in the news of the event and provided a note about it in the original deed minuta by specifying the date and number of news deed of the event correction. The news copy of the event must be submitted to the Parties; and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 388, "width": 213, "height": 223, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i) The notary public of Article 52 UUJN, which governs that the notary is not allowed to make a deed for oneself, wife/husband, or any other person who has a family relationship with the notary, either because of marriage or blood relations in the line Posterity is straight down and/or upward without any degree of limitation, as well as in the line to the side to the third degree, as well as being a party to oneself or in a position or by the intermediary. This provision does not apply, if the persons referred to previously, except the notary self, become a roadblock in a public sale, as long as the sale may be made before a notary, public rental, or general contractor, or be Members of the meeting whose risks are made by notary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 613, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Habib Adjie, stated that sanctions against notary is regulated at the end of UUJN, namely in article 84 and 85 UUJN, there are two kinds of:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 661, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Civil sanction", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 676, "width": 213, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This sanction in the form of reimbursement, indemnity or interest can be prosecuted against the notary should be based on a legal relationship between the notary and the parties facing the notary, if any party who feels harmed as a direct result of a Notarized deed, then in question can be claimed in a civil law", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "against notary, thus the demands for reimbursement, indemnity and interest in notaries are not based on the judgment or the position of an evidence that changes due to Violate article 84 UUJN, but can only be based on the existing legal relationship or that occurred between the notary and the clien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 164, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Administrative sanctions", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 179, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "These sanctions are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 196, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Oral Rebuke", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 212, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• nscribed", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 228, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Temporary dismissal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 245, "width": 63, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Dismissal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 261, "width": 199, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Disrespect In article 84 UUJN determined there are", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 287, "width": 214, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 (two) types of civil sanction, if the notary commits a breach against certain articles and also the same type of sanctions scattered in the other articles are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 335, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Notarial deed which has the strength of proof as deed under the hand; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 361, "width": 214, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) notarial deed to be null and void; As a result of such notarial deed, it can be reason for the party to suffer losses to claim reimbursement, indemnity, and interest to the notary. To determine notarial deed which has the strength of proof as deed under the hands can be seen and determined from:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 457, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Contents (in) certain chapters that directly confirm if the notary is committing a breach, the deed shall include the deed that has the power of the Pembuk - Tian as a deed under the hand.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 527, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) If not expressly stated in the relevant article as a deed which has the strength of proof as a deed under the hand, then another article which is categorized in breach pursuant to Article 84 UUJN, including into the deed null and void.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 597, "width": 214, "height": 79, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It can therefore be concluded that notarial deed has the power of proof as deed under the hand, if stated expressly in the relevant article, and which is not expressly stated in the relevant article, including As the deed becomes null and void.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 678, "width": 214, "height": 79, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notarial negligence in the making of authentic deed may result in the law and notarial negligence in the making of authentic deed including (a) the uncertified authentic deed to be a deed under the hand; (b) An authentic act null and void; and (c) the authentic deed may", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 46", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 101, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "be cancelled. If there is notarized deed in question by the parties, then to resolve it must be based on the Kebatalan and revocation of notarial deed as a tool of perfect evidence. Notarial negligence resulting in errors in the deed made by the notary will be corrected by the judge at the time of the notary deed submitted to the Court as a means of evidence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 175, "width": 213, "height": 167, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negligence in the making of notarial deed that resulted in the deed is made not in accordance with the legislation governing the creation of authentic deeds. A notarized deed can be referred to as an authentic deed if in its manufacture fulfill all the requirements set forth in the legislation such as UUJN, Kuhcivil, and so on. Conversely, if the notarial deed found that there was a violation of the legislation at the time of its creation, the notarial deed is said to contain a juridical defect, so the quality of the act will be degraded, Similarly, the power of proving is not like an authentic deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 344, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A notarial deed can also be declared a juridical defect, when it comes to the untruth of the particulars in the deed made. This unrighteousness is either intentional or because of negligence made by the notary, as long as the evidence can be made otherwise, whose purpose and proving otherwise is to weaken the authenticity and the authentic deed. If it is proved to be evidenced by the judge, the decision to cancel an authentic deed based on a juridical defect is valid, as well as directly the result of the law in the deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 491, "width": 213, "height": 190, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negligence made by the notary to cause harm to the parties or one of the parties related to the creation of notarial deed, then the deed can be derived (degraded) the power of the Evidence to act Under the hands. In addition, a notarized notary may also be sanctioned by the notary supervisory assembly for violations in making an authentic deed, which causes the deed to be degraded as a deed under the hands or null and void, so it May be the reason for the injured party to claim reimbursement, indemnity and interest to the notary. Sanctions may be classified as civil penalties against notary public. Civil sanction is a penalty imposed against a notary negligence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 689, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 704, "width": 213, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the research and the discussion that has been outlined, it can be concluded as follows a) Notary responsibility on the making of deed with a notarized double number must be", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 167, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "accountable administratively. The existence of a double number on notarial deed indicates that notary has not been careful/negligent in making authentic deed. At each legal action it contains the meaning of the use of authority, so it implies a liability obligation. Thus the notary who made notarial deed with double number requires notary to be administratively responsible considering the negligence made by the notary is an administrative error. b) The result of the law if the double number in notarial deed does not cause any consequences if no party feels harmed by this double number.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 237, "width": 214, "height": 101, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Live publishes the news of the event number changes and is notified to parties such as the parties, Kemenkumham and local land office if the double - numbered deed is related to land rights. However, if the double - numbered deed carries a loss on the other party, the person who feels the harm can claim compensation to the notary.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 346, "width": 66, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 360, "width": 213, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adjie, H. (2008a). Hukum Notaris Indonesia, (Tafsir Tematik terhadap UU No 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris). Surabaya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 390, "width": 214, "height": 283, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT. Refika Aditama. Adjie, H. (2008b). Sanksi Perdata dan Administratif terhadap Notaris sebagai Pejabat Publik. Bandung: Refika Aditama. Berge, J. B. J. M. Ten. (1996). Besturen Door de Overheid. Deventer: W.E.J. Tjeenk Qillink. Davidson, N. M. (2012). Notaries and legal professionals. International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home (Vol. 5). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978 - 0 - 08 - 047163 - 1.00456 - 2 Diantha, I. M. P. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group. Hadjon, P. M. (2004). Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada. Intan, L. C. (2016). Akibat Pelanggaran Oleh Notaris Terhadap Pembuatan Akta Notariil. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 7 (2), 206 – 215. https://doi.org/10.26905/ idjch.v7i2.1909 Mamminanga, A. (2008). Pelaksanaan Kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Notaris Daerah dalam Pelaksanaan Tugas Jabatan Notaris berdasarkan UUJN. Universitas Gajah Mada.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 670, "width": 213, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marzuki, P. M. (2011). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenida Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 690, "width": 213, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moeljatno. (2003). Perbuatan Pidana dan Pertanggung jawaban Dalam Hukum Pidana,. Jakarta: Bina Aksara. Nasrun, M. (2014). Kewenangan dan Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Notaris.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 741, "width": 213, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandung: Refika Aditama. Notodisoerjo, R. S. (2003). 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Hukum Perjanjian. Jakarta: Intermasa. Trisnasari, I. G. A. O. (2019). Tanggungjawab Notaris Terhadap Penomoran Ganda Pada Akta Yang Berbeda. Acta Comitas : Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, 4 (1), 99 – 108. Retrieved from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/ index.php/ActaComitas/article/ view/48960/29168 Waluyo, D. R. (2001). Kewenangan Notaris Selaku Pejabat Umum. Jakarta: Media Notariat (Menor).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 262, "width": 213, "height": 142, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laws and Regulations Kitab Undang - Undang Hukum Perdata. Undang - Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 117, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4432). 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d8ce9326-1a40-dce1-cbbf-22c62ff5df8e	https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/triac/article/download/7927/5067	[ { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 53, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang Bangun Alat Proteksi Listrik Rumah Terhadap Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis Arduino", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 46, "top": 118, "width": 143, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Ziaul Khaq Prodi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Islam Lamongan Jl. Veteran No.53 A Lamongan, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 118, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arief Budi Laksono", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 128, "width": 142, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prodi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Islam Lamongan Jl. Veteran No.53 A Lamongan, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 460, "top": 118, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ulul Ilmi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 128, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prodi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 420, "top": 139, "width": 118, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Lamongan Jl. Veteran No.53 A", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 159, "width": 80, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lamongan, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 194, "width": 246, "height": 165, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak - Gas LPG sangat penting bagi kebutuhan manusia, Selain digunakan untuk keperluan dapur, LPG juga bisa digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor atau yang biasa disebut BBG(Bahan Bakar Gas). Bahkan menurut CNN Indonesia, pada tahun 2015 saja Pertamina melakukan impor 4,2 metrik ton LPG. Hal ini terkait dengan konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia terhadap penggunaan gas LPG. Namun dari banyak kelebihan yang bisa didapatkan dari pemanfaatan LPG, ada juga beberapa faktor berbahaya yang perlu diperhatikan. Seperti proses pemasangan tabung LPG yang kurang tepat, dan banyak faktor lain yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kebocoran gas yang nantinya dapat memicu kebakaran. Untuk itulah diperlukan alat yang dapat mendeteksi kebocoran gas dan memberikan proteksi listrik terhadap tempat yang terjadi kebocoran gas, serta notifikasi yang cepat supaya bisa dilakukan penanggulangan dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 369, "width": 246, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini melakukan berbagai pengujian untuk menciptakan rancang bangun agar dapat bermanfaat untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya ledakan yang diakibatkan oleh bocornya gas LPG. Metode yang digunakan meliputi perancangan elektrik dan sistematis. Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi tahapan studi pustaka kemudian perancangan, pembuatan hardware dan software mengintegrasikan sistem dan pengujian serta analisa sistem. Mempertimbangkan teori-teori tersebut dan dapat mengetahui pemograman mikrokontroller arduino uno , sensor mq 2, buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP-01, fan exhaust , relay, power supply, serta aplikasi smartphone Blink .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 503, "width": 246, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa pengujian, diantaranya pengujian mikrokontroller arduino uno , sensor mq 2, buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP-01, fan exhaust , relay, power supply, serta aplikasi smartphone Blink . mikrokontroller arduino uno sebagai otak utama penyimpan program. fan exhaust penyetabil kandungan udara. sensor mq 2 sebagai pendeteksi gas. buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP- 01 dan aplikasi smartphone Blink sebagai output pemberi notifikasi serta pertanda terjadinya kebocoran gas, dan relay sebagai eksekutor pemutus aliran listrik dalam rumah jika terjadi kebocoran gas LPG dalam rumah dengan kadar kebocoran gas diatas 10ppm maka rancang bangun ini akan bekerja sesuai yang di jabarkan diatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 648, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci— Gas LPG, sensor mq 2, Arduino uno, Poteksi listrik dan Notifikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 683, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. P ENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 698, "width": 232, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gas LPG sangat penting bagi kebutuhan manusia, Selain digunakan untuk keperluan dapur, LPG juga bisa digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor atau yang biasa disebut BBG (Bahan Bakar Gas). Bahkan menurut CNN Indonesia, pada tahun 2015 saja Pertamina melakukan impor 4,2 metrik ton LPG. Hal ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 193, "width": 232, "height": 138, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terkait dengan konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia terhadap penggunaan gas LPG. Namun dari banyak kelebihan yang bisa didapatkan dari pemanfaatan LPG, ada juga beberapa faktor berbahaya yang perlu diperhatikan. Seperti proses pemasangan tabung LPG yang kurang tepat, dan banyak faktor lain yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kebocoran gas yang nantinya dapat memicu kebakaran. Untuk itulah diperlukan alat yang dapat mendeteksi kebocoran gas dan memberikan proteksi listrik terhadap tempat yang terjadi kebocoran gas, serta notifikasi yang cepat supaya bisa dilakukan penanggulangan dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 337, "width": 232, "height": 299, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, maka penulis ingin merancang suatu alat yang dapat memproteksi listrik serta pemberi notivikasi (tanda-tanda) yang sangat cepat jika terjadi kebocoran tabung gas LPG serta memberi notifikasi lewat aplikasi blnyk pop-up yang terinstal. Penelitian bertujuan merancang alat bangun proteksi listrik dengan dilengkapi sistem alarm dan pembuang gas dalam ruangan, serta dapat mengirim notifikasi ke handphone android berbasis IoT ( internet of things) jika terjadi kebocoran gas LPG. Hal tersebut bertujuan agar mengantisipasi terjadinya kebakaran atau bahkan ledakan yang terjadi akibat suatu ruangan penuh dengan gas kemudian adanya suatu percikan listrik sehinga memicu terjadinya suatu hal yang tidak diinginkan. Oleh sebab itu peneliti ingin mengantisipasi terjadinya percikan listrik tersebut dengan cara memberi proteksi listrik pada sumber utama listrik rumah, yaitu di bagian MCB sekering rumah. Sehingga berimbas pada putusnya seluruh aliran listrik dalam rumah ketika terjadi kebocoran gas, kemudian disusul dengan adanya alarm dan kipas pembuang gas dalam ruangan ( dapur ) yang menyala dan mengirim notifikasi lewat aplikasi telegram ke penghuni rumah, ketika kadar gas sudah habis dalam ruangan tersebut, listrik rumah kembali teraliri arus listrik disusul dengan matinya kipas pembuang dan alarm yang menyala tadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 376, "top": 651, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. B AHASA D AN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 321, "top": 666, "width": 232, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah perancangan elektrik, sistematis, agar diperoleh data dan informasi yang akurat. Dalam perancangan ini dimulai dari pengumpulan data, pembuatan perancangan, pembuatan alat, pengujian, dan menyimpulkan hasil dari sistem. Berikut ini merupakan diagram blok dari sistem proteksi listrik rumah terhadap kebocoran gas LPG berbasis arduino , serta memberikan notifikasi ke pemiik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 54, "width": 232, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rumah jika telah terjadi kebocoran gas LPG dengan sistem IoT melalui aplikasi Blink.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 209, "width": 186, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Blok Diagram Perencanaan Alat 1. Tahap Studi Pustaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 229, "width": 218, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi pustaka ini diambil dari beberapa jurnal dan juga buku – buku referensi yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengolah data yang ada.Studi pustaka pada tugas akhir ini meliputi hal – hal sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 287, "width": 210, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Studi system operasi mikrokontroller arduino dan internet of things (IOT).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 310, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Studi karakteristik sensor MQ-2.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 321, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Studi gas LPG dan Studi sistem proteksi listrik rumah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 344, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tahap perancangan dan pembuatan hardware", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 74, "top": 356, "width": 218, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perancangan alat proteksi listrik rumah terhadap kebocoran gas LPG berbasis arduino pendeteksi gas karbon monoksida sebagai pengaman di dalam ruangan disesuaikan dengan fungsi dari komponen – komponen yang akan digunakan sehingga siap untuk direalisasikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 425, "width": 232, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tahap perancangan dan pembuatan software Pengujian perangkat penyusun system yang sudah dirancang, yaitu perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak sebelum diintegrasikan menjadi system keseluruhan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 482, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tahap integrasi sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 494, "width": 232, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengintegrasikan antara Hardware dan Software yang telah disusun menjadi sistem keseluruhan untuk menjalankan sistem tersebut berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 528, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Tahap pengujian dan analisa sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 540, "width": 232, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menguji sistem yang telah terintegrasi secara menyeluruh untuk selanjutnya dilakukan analisa sesuai dengan fungsinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 574, "width": 231, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Flowchart system kerja perancangan perangkat lunak seperti terlihat pada gambar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 388, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Flowchart Pembacaan Sensor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 406, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 321, "top": 420, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Hasil pengujian sensor MQ 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 432, "width": 225, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian sensor MQ2 dilakukan untuk mendeteksi gas – gas berbahaya, terutama gas LPG. Pengujian sensor ini menggunakan gas LPG, gas butana, gas bensol. yang sebelumnya sensor MQ2 telah dimasukkan program melalui board arduino dan programnya telah disimpan kedalam IC mikrokontroller Arduino Uno. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik dan maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 380, "top": 662, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Pengujian sensor MQ 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 88, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL I. Pembacaan sensor MQ 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 267, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Hasil pengujian arduino uno", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 279, "width": 232, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mendapat hasil yang baik dalam pengujian, maka proses pengujian mikrokontroller dapat dihubungkankan dengan tegangan yang memiliki nilai 9 volt. Apabila mikrokontroller menyala, maka mikrokontroller dalam kondisi baik dan bisa digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 462, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. pengujian Arduino uno R3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 483, "width": 247, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hasil Pengujian LED dan Buzzer untuk Notifikasi pengujian LED dan Buzzer dihubungkan pada pin – pin mikrokontroller atau diberi tegangan sebesar 5 volt. Apabila LED dan Buzzer menyala, maka LED dan Buzzer berfungsi dengan baik dan siap untuk digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 679, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. pengujian LED dan Buzzer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 699, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Hasil Pengujian exhaust fan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 711, "width": 232, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik dalam pengujian, maka proses pengujian dilakukan dengan menghubungkan pada pin-pin NO/NC dan COM relay yang sudah terkoneksi dengan arduino.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 349, "top": 100, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL II. Pengujian Exhaust Fan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 190, "width": 231, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel pengujian diatas, menunjukkan bahwa apabila exhaust fan diberi tegangan sebesar 220 volt, maka status exhaust fan akan on /menyala. Sedangkan apabila exhaust fan tidak diberi tegangan, maka status exhaust fan akan off / mati. Hal itu menandakan bahwa exhaust fan berfungsi dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 270, "width": 245, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Hasil pengujian relay proteksi Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik, pengujian relay diberi sumber tegangan sebesar 5 volt sebagai pemicu dari coil relay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 396, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL III. Hasil Pengujian Relay", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 429, "width": 232, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian diatas, ketika relay belum mendapat tegangan dari mikrokontroller keadaan relay dalam kondisi normally open (NO) dan ketika mendapat tegangan 5v keadaan relay berubah menjadi normally close (NO).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 498, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Hasil pengujian modul esp 8266-01", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 321, "top": 509, "width": 232, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian Modul 8266 / ESP-01 dilakukan dengan menghubungkan pin TX, RX, vcc, dan gnd dari modul esp ke Ardino, dilanjut dengan memasukakan program ke arduino agar arduino dapat mengakses modul wifi ini. Jika sudah selesai maka dilakukan pengetesan alat secara keseluran, jika berhasil maka akan mendapat notifikasi pada handphone android melalui aplikasi Blynk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 601, "width": 232, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika berhasil terkoneksi maka led indikator yang berada pada modul akan berkedip secara berlahan berbeda ketika proses scaning jaringan dan proses pengkoneksian yang berkedip dengan cepat. Proses perancangan dapat dilihat pada gambar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 116, "top": 77, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Pengujian modul esp8266-01", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 96, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Pengujian keseluruhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 233, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Skema pengujian keseluruhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 254, "width": 228, "height": 126, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja rangkaian keseluruhan yang meliputi pengujian relay proteksi, sensor MQ2, pengujian buzzer , pengujian exhaust fan , modul IOTdan pengujian LED. Proses pengujian dilakukan dengan memasukkan gas LPG ke dalam suatu ruangan. Apabila kadar gas LPG yang terdeteksi melebihi ambang batas, maka sistem akan berkerja dengan memproteksi listrik rumah, mengirim notifikasi berbasis IOT, menyalakan LED merah, buzzer dan exhaust fan akan menyala. Hasil pengujian dapat dilihat dalam tabel sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 393, "width": 93, "height": 6, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL IV. Pengujian Rangkaian Keseluruhan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 60, "top": 500, "width": 232, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel pengujian rangkaian alat secara keseluruhan, apabila nilai kadar gas LPG dalam kondisi normal, maka LED akan menyala berwarna hijau dan respon dari relay proteksi, notifikasi IoT, buzzer serta exhaust fan akan mati. Apabila nilai kadar gas LPG mencapai 10 ppm, maka listrik rumah akan terproteksi, modul IOT mengirim notifikasi, LED akan menyala berwarna merah, buzzer akan menyala dan exhaust fan akan menyala.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 624, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. K ESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 650, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan yang didapat pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 673, "width": 224, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Telah membuat proteksi listrik terhadap kebocoran gas LPG untuk antisipasi pengaman terhadap ledakan rumah yang diakibatkan oleh bocornya gas LPG berbasis arduino dengan dilengkapi fitur IoT yang memungkinkan pengontrolan dari jarak jauh. Dengan menggunakan sensor MQ2 sebagai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 54, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "detektor gas LPG yang mengacu pada nilai ambang batas 10 ppm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 77, "width": 224, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Agar a rduino dapat melakukan perintah proteksi listrik rumah, menyalakan buzzer peringatan dan menyalakan kipas pembuang serta mengirim notivikasi ke handphone dengan sistem IoT ( internet of things ) saat terjadi kebocoran gas LPG, maka arduino harus dilakukan pemerograman dengan pembacaan input berupa sensor MQ 2, dan output berupa buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP- 01, fan exhaust dan relay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 181, "width": 224, "height": 183, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Agar arduino dapat mengirim notifikasi ke handphone android menggunakan sistem IOT ( internet of things ) dengan sistem aplikasi Blynk jika terjadi kebocoran gas, maka arduino harus menerima input dari sensor MQ 2 dengan minimal pembacaan sebesar 10ppm. Jika pembacaan sensor MQ 2 lebih dari 10ppm maka arduino akan memerintahkan relay memutus jaringan listrik rumah, modul ESP 8266/ ESP-01 mengirim notifikasi ke smartphone penguna yang telah terinstal aplikasi blink , menyalakan LED merah dan buzzer serta menyalakan exhaust fan untuk menetralisir kadar gas dalam ruangan. Jika kadar gas dibawa 10 ppm maka semua output dari arduino uno tersebut akan off terkecuali led hijau yang menyala sebagai indikator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 385, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D AFTAR P USTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 400, "width": 245, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Agustinus, Leonard, Fatma Agus Setyaningsih dan Tedy Rismawan. 2015. “ Rancang Bangun Prototype Pendeteksi Kadar CO Sebagai Informasi Kualitas Udara Berbasis Mikrokontroller ”. Fakultas MIPA, UniversitasTanjungpura. Pontianak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 436, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Asbi, Zulfahmi. 2010. “ Pengontrolan Ketinggian Permukaan Air Berbasis Mikrokontroller 8535 ” Skripsi , Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 473, "width": 245, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Aziz, M. Nur. 2016. “Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Kadar Gas Karbon Monoksida dan Senyawa Hidrokarbon pada Kabin Mobil Menggunakan Sensor Gas TGS 2201 Berbasis Arduino” Skripsi , Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 519, "width": 245, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Aminah, Nur. 2016. “Rancang Bangun Rangkaian Elektronik Sebagai Alat Proteksi Otomatis Pada Instalasi Listrik Rumah Tinggal”. Teknik Elektronika PNUP.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 547, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Fardiaz. 1992 . “ Polusi Air danUdara ”. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 565, "width": 245, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Haryanti, Munnik, Muhammad Saleh. 2017. “ Rancang Bangun Sistem Keamanan Rumah Menggunakan Relay ” Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Suryadarma, Jakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 593, "width": 245, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Hakim, Ismail. 2017. “ Alat Ukur Konsentrasi Karbon Monoksida (CO) Pada Ruangan BerbasisATMega 8535 dengan Sensor MQ- 7 dan Indikator Buzzer ”. Tugas Akhir , Fakultas Matematikada Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 629, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Koesegeren, Viktor V. 2013. “Perancangan AlatUkur Kadar Karbon Monoksida (CO), Karbon Dioksida (CO 2 ) dan HidroKarbon (HC) Pada Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor”. FakultasTeknik UNSRAT. Manado.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 666, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] Kurniawan,Moh. Andre. 2019. “Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi Karbon Monoksida Sebagai Pengaman Dalaam Mobil Berbasis Mikrokontroller”. Skripsi Fakultas Teknik, JurusanTeknikElektro, Unifersitas islam Lamongan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 703, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] Liangdo, Yohanesdan Antonius Wibowo. 2008. “ Sistem Monitoring danPengontrol Kadar Gas KarbonMonoksida (CO) DalamRuangan ”. FakultasTeknik, JurusanTeknikElektro, UniversitasKatolikWidya Mandala. Surabaya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 740, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] Listiono,Mery Hadi. 2019. “Rancang bangun Aalat Pendeteksi Karbon Monoksida Untuk pengaman Sirkulasi Udara Diruangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 45, "top": 54, "width": 163, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] Berbasis Mikrokontroller”. Skripsi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 54, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FakultasTeknik,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 67, "top": 63, "width": 169, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JurusanTeknikElektro, Unifersitas islam Lamongan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 82, "width": 246, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] Lowongan, Tander Risard, Pratolo Rahardjo dan Yoga Divayana. 2015. “Detektor LPG Menggunakan Sensor MQ2 Berbasis Mikrikontroller ATMega328” Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 118, "width": 246, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] Meliyanto, Nindi dan Bambang Eka, 2014. “Pengendali Kipas Sirkulasi Udara Melalui Deteksi Suhu Udara dan Kadar Karbon Dioksida Berlebih” Universitas Surakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 146, "width": 246, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] Nebath, Evert, David Pang, ST., MT danJanny O. 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b2495dc4-8c40-8fd6-662f-c3c3e5b52deb	https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas/article/download/4389/2425	[ { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 336 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 89, "width": 459, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Terhadap Preferensi Risiko Sebagai Variabel Moderasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 133, "width": 203, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oktafiana Akmal * , Zulia Hanum, Widia Astuty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 151, "width": 369, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Magister Akuntansi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan Jl. Denai No.217, Tegal Sari Mandala II, Kec. Medan Denai, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Email: 1,* oktafiana [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Email Penulis Korespondensi: oktafiana [email protected] Submitted: 09/10/2023 ; Accepted: 10/11/2023 ; Published: 16/11/2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 470, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak− Penelitian ini l bertujuan untuk l menguji l dan menganalisa l pengaruh l kesadaran l wajib paja l k, penget l ahuan perpajakan dan sanksi perpajak l an terhada l p kepatuhan l wajib l pajak oran l g pribadi deng l an preferen l si risiko sebaga l i variabel mo l derasi pada KPP Pratama M l edan Timur. Tingkat k l epatuhan w l ajib pajak o l rang pribadi di K l PP Pratama l Timur l mengalami pen l urunan pada tahun 2022 yaitu l 85%. Jenis l penelitian l pada penelit l ian ini ad l alah kuan l titatif asosi l atif den l gan mengg l unakan tek l nik pengumpulan data deng l an metode sur l vei mengguna l kan media ang l ket (kusio l ner) pada K l PP Pratam l a Medan T l imur Jl. Sukam l ulia N l o. 17 A K l el. Aur, Kec. Me l dan Maimun, In l donesia Metode pe l nentuan sampel den l gan rumus sl l ovin. Popula l si pene l litian ini l adalah 150.440 Wajib Pajak sedangkan sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 responden. Data l diolah menggunakan l metode SEM l dengan bantuan l alat analisis l Smart l PLS. Hasil penelitian l ini menunjukkan l bahwa: (1) Kesadaran l wajib l pajak, pengetahuan perpajakan l dan l sanksi perpajakan berpengaruh l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib l pajak; (2) Preferensi Risiko l tidak memoderasi l pengaruh kesadaran l wajib pajak l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l dan (3) Preferensi risiko memoderas l i pengaruh pengetahuan l perpajakan l dan sanksi perpajakan terhada l p kepat l uhan wajib p l ajak. Untuk i l tu dihara l pkan KPP Pr l atama Med l an Timur ag l ar lebih me l ningkatkan kesa l daran wajib pajak meleb l ihi standar l yang diin l ginkan sehingga na l ntinya mampu mem l pengaruhi wajib pa l jak untuk meningk l atkan kepatuhan w l ajib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 460, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Kesadaran Wajib Pajak; Pengetahuan Perpajakan; Sanksi Perpajakan; Kepatuhan wajib Pajak; Preferensi Risiko.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 470, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract l − This st l udy aims t l o examine and l analyze th l e ef l fect of taxp l ayer aware l ness, tax k l nowledge an l d tax sanctions on individual ta l xpayer compliance with risk preference a l s a mod l erating variab l le at KP l P Pratama Medan Timur. The compliance rate of individual l taxpayers l at KPP P l ratama Timur will decrease in 2022 by 85%. The type of research in this study is associative quantitative using data collection techniques with survey methods using questionnaires at KP l P Pr l atama M l e l dan Timur l Jl. Suk l amulia l No. 17 A , Ke l c. Medan Maimun, Ind l onesia The method l of deter l mining the s l ample with the slovin formula. The population of this research is 150,440 l taxpayers while the r l esearch sample l is 100 re l spondents. The data is processed using the SE l M method w l ith the help l of the Smart PLS a l nalysis tool. T l he results of th l is study i l ndicate that: (1) Tax l payer awarene l ss, tax knowledge and tax sanctions affect taxpayer compliance; (2) Risk preference does not moderate the l influence l of taxpayer l a l wareness on taxp l ayer compliance and Risk preference moderates the influence of tax knowledge and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance. For this reason, l it is hoped that l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l will further increase taxpayer awareness beyond l the l desired standards so that l later it will l be able l to influence l taxpayers to l increase taxpayer l compliance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 387, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Taxpayer Awareness; Tax Knowledge; Tax Sanctions; Taxpayer Compliance; Risk Preference", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 470, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang dengan banyak potensi yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi negara yang lebih maju. Salah satu cara untuk mengoptimalkan penerimaan pemerintah ialah melalui penerimaan dari sektor pajak. Pajak l merupakan salah l satu sumber l penerimaan utama l bagi l negara. Dalam Anggaran l Pendapatan l dan Belanja Negara l (APBN) disebutkan l sumber penerimaan l negara salah l satunya berasal l dari sektor interna l l yaitu l pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerimaan negara l dari pajak l digunakan untuk l membiayai pengeluaran l rutin dan l juga untuk l membiayai l pembangunan. Artinya, pembangunan l dibiayai l masyarakat. Oleh sebab l itu upaya l untuk meningkatkan l penerimaan l negara dari pajak l sangatlah l penting. Dana yang l dihimpun berasal l dari l rakyat atau berasal l dari l pemerintah. Selain l itu, penerimaan pajak l secara tidak l langsung juga bertujuan untuk l meningkatkan kemakmuran l dan l kesejahteraan masyarakat. l", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l Kendala yang menjadi l penghambat keefektifa l n dalam mengumpulkan l pajak ialah l masalah l kepatuhan. Adapun l tolak ukur kepatuhan l dideskripsikan menjadi l sebuah sikap l atau tindakan l wajib pajak l dalam melakukan l segala l hal yang menjadi l kewajibannya dan l juga menerima l hak yang l sesuai aturan l dalam l undang l -undang yang l l berlaku. l Supaya pemenuhan l tujuan l dalam l pengumpulan l pajak l bisa l l tercapai, diperlukan l penanaman l kesadaran l l serta l kepatuhan dalam l masyarakat l untuk l memenuhi l kewajiban l l pajaknya. Kepatuhan pajak l adalah kepatuhan l seseorang l terhadap Undang-Undang l Perpajakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi peningkatan penerimaan l pajak tidak l hanya didasarkan l pada l peran fiskus dan l Ditjen l Pajak, tetapi l l juga me l mbutuhkan peran akti l f dari l wajib pajak l itu se l ndiri (Se l lf Assess l ment System). Siste l m perpajak l an se l cara self assessme l nt masih l belum dapat l merubah Waji l b Pajak dala l m melakukan ke l giatan perpajaka l nnya deng l an baik d l an bena l r. Nam l un pada ken l yataannya, sistem l pemungu l t pajak teta l p saja s l ulit dilakuk l an sesu l ai denga l n yang diharapka l n.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 754, "width": 470, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat ke l patuhan masih terb l ilang lemah dika l renakan sedikitnya i l ndividu yan l g memil l iki NPWP (Resmi, 2017). Ha l l terkait ren l dahkan kesada l ran masya l rakat untuk m l embayar pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 337 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ka l ntor Pelayanan Paj l ak Pratama l Medan Ti l mur merupakan ins l ansi pemerinta l h yang mena l ngani penerim l aan pajak y l ang be l rtanggungjawab secara lang l sung terhadap Kepa l la Direktorat J l endral Pajak Wi l layah Sumatera Uta l ra I. Be l rikut a l dalah data ting l kat kepatuhan waji l b pajak d l i KPP Pra l tama Medan Ti l mur pada ta l hun 2018 l -2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 128, "width": 471, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Data l Jumlah Wajib l Pajak Orang l Pribadi di l KPP Medan l Timur l Tahun 2018-2022 Keterangan 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 (Satuan dalam jumlah orang) Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Terdaftar 116.586 123.018 137.476 143.796 150.440 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Wajib SPT 40.334 46.902 46.862 48.503 48.330 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Lapor SPT 36.505 38.771 37.164 42.702 41.019 Rasio Kepatuhan SPT Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi 91% 83% 79% 88% 85% Berdasarkan Tabel l l 1. dapat l dilihat bahwa dari tahun l 2018-2022 jumlah l persentasi wajib l pajak l lapor yang l terdaftar di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur terus mengalami penurunan. Seharusnya, jumlah l realisasi SPT l Tahunan l Wajib Pajak l Orang Pribadi harus l sesuai dengan l jumlah wajib l pajak terdaftar l yang wajib l SPT tiap l tahunnya. Dari sekian banyak wajib l pajak yang l ada l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l sebagian besar l Wajib Pajak l belum mengerti l apa saja l yang menjadi l hak dan l kewajibannya. Dirjen l Pajak memberikan l kemudahan pelayanan l bagi Wajib l Pajak l dalam melaporkan jumlah l pajak yang l harus dibayarkannya l karena Wajib l Pajak tidak l perlu datang l secara langsung l ke l Kantor Pelayanan Pajak l untuk memenuhi l kewajiban perpajakannya l dalam hal l penyampaian l SPT, bagi aparat l Pajak t l eknologi electronic ini l mampu memudahk l an mereka dala l m pengelolaan da l tabase. Penerapan l E-filling l sebagai suatu langkah l yang diharapkan l mampu memberikan l layanan prim l a terhad l ap masya l rakat sehingga dap l at meningkatkan l kepuasan wajib ll pajak sekaligus l dengan penerapan l e-filin l g diharapkan dap l at meni l ngkatkan kepatuhan wajib l pajak l di KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur. Kendala yang l menjadi penghambat l keefektifan l dalam mengumpulkan paja l k ialah m l asalah kepatuhan. A l dapun tolak uku l r kepatuhan did l eskripsikan menja l di sebuah l sikap l atau l tindakan l wajib l pajak l dalam l melakukan l segala l hal l yang l menjadi l kewajibannya l dan l juga l menerima l hak l yang l sesuai l aturan dalam undang l - undangan yang l berlak u. Sela l njutnya selain kes l adaran wajib paj l ak fakto l r lain yang l mempengaru l hi ke l patuhan wa l jib pajak adal l ah pengetahuan perp l ajakan. Pengetahuan l perpajakan itu s l endiri di def l inisikan sebagai k l emampuan at l au seorang w l ajib pajak dalam l mengetahui peraturan l perpajakan l baik itu l soal tarif p l ajak berda l sarkan un l dang-undang ya l ng akan m l ereka bayar m l aupun man l faat pajak yan l g akan be l rguna bag l i kehid l upan me l reka (Prima Yuslina et al., 2018). U l ntuk menambah pengetahuan wajib pajak KPP Pratama Medan Timur setiap tahunnya selalu mengadakan sosialisasi antara lain sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 446, "width": 322, "height": 51, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 . Data l Sosialisasi/ Penyuluhan l di KPP l Medan Timur l Tahun l 2018-2022 l Keterangan 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Targetl 35 36 38 39 40 Realisasi 37 39 45 48 52", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 499, "width": 299, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persentasi Capaian 105,71% 108,33% 118,42% 123,08% 130%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 468, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l wawancara l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur diperoleh bahwa l sosialisasi perpajakan l selalu dilaksanakan l setiap l tahunnya dan selalu l melebihi target l sosialisasi. Data l sosialisasinya melebihi l target yang l sudah dibuat l pemerintah. l Sementara sosialisasi yang l dilakukan oleh l pemerintah diharapkan l dapat meningkatkan l kesadaran wajib l pajak. l Tetapi sebaliknya masyarakat l yang melapor l SPT mengalami l penurunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demi terciptanya kepatuhan wajib pajak, l maka dibentuk suatu l sanksi perpajakan l bagi par l a pelanggar p l ajak. Sanksi pajak l merupakan suatu l tindakan yang l diberikan kepada l wajib pajak l yang berhubungan l dengan pajak l yang l melakukan pelanggaran baik l secara sengaja l maupun tidak l disengaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 604, "width": 362, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. STP Wajib l Pajak Orang l Pribadi di l KPP Medan l Timur Tahun l l 2018-2022 l Tahun 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 STP Terbit 7.293 7.880 8.583 10.171 14.689", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 471, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas menunjukkan kondisi fluktuatif yang dimana artinya jumlah Surat Tagihan Pajak yang diterbitkan KPP Medan Timur mengalami l peningkatan se l tiap tahunn l ya. Surat t l agihan paja l k yang di l keluakan l oleh KP l P Me l dan timur terka l it dengan l faktor ya l ng mempengar l uhi kepatuha l n wajib pajak l yaitu Sa l nksi Perpa l jakan. Sanksi paj l ak berfungsi s l ebagai dasar bagi pemerintah unt l uk menentu l kan wajib l pajak yang melan l ggar per l aturan, artinya, ji l ka kewajiban perp l ajakan tidak l dilaksana l kan l , maka l akan a l da konsekuens l i hukum y l ang bisa terj l adi, baik l sanksi ber l upa denda adm l inistrasi, hukuman l maupun paja l k karena tida l k memenuhi kewajib l annya (Juliantari et al., 2021) Dalam melakukan pembayaran l pajak. Wajib pajak l juga harus l dihadapkan oleh l risiko ya l ng harus dip l ertimbangkan ket l ika wajib pa l jak akan m l elakukan kewajibannya l dalam memb l ayar pajak. Ke l putusan seorang wa l jib paj l ak dapat dipengaru l hi oleh perilakuny l a terhadap ri l siko yang dih l adapi. Preferens l i risiko ia l lah peluang l yang WP l dapat mempe l rtimbangkan serta dijadik l annya prioritas pe l rtama dari be l rbagai pilih l an yan l g ada (Wulandari, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 471, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan lata l r belakang diata l s, rumusan l masalah yang l dibahas dal l am penelitian l ini adalah l sebagai berik l ut : (1) Apaka l h Kesad l aran Wajib l Pajak, Pengeta l huan Perpajakan l dan Sa l nksi Pe l rpajakan berpeng l aruh terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 338 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 471, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepa l tuhan Wajib l Pajak O l rang Pribadi pa l da KPP Pra l tama Medan l Timur da l n (2) Apa l kah prefere l nsi risiko me l moderasi pengar l uh Kesada l ran Wajib Paja l k, Pengeta l huan Perpaj l akan dan San l ksi Perpa l jakan terhadap Ke l patuhan Wajib Pa l jak Orang Pr l ibadi pada l KPP Pratama l Medan T l imur. Adap l un manfaa l t dari pene l litian ini adalah l sebagai b l erikut : (1) Diha l rapkan dapat bergu l na untuk men l ambah wawas l an dalam hal l pemahaman da l lam hal perpa l jakan. (2) D l iharapkan dapat memper l kaya bahan kepustak l aan dan ma l mpu memberi l kan kontribusi l pada l penge l mbangan teori teruta l ma yang berk l aitan dengan l pepajakan, (3) Diha l rapkan d l apat memberik l an kontribusi pra l ktis untuk menin l gkatkan kepa l tuhan wajib p l ajak di K l PP P l ratama Me l dan T l imur (4) Seba l gai sumb l er info l rmasi tentang pe l rpajakan sehingg l a dapat mem l bangun kesadaran m l asyarakat untu l k lebih mengetahui l tentang pajak l sehingga dap l at memenuhi kewaji l ban perpajaka l nnya daan (5) d l apat digunak l an sebagai acu l an (refer l ensi) bagi l peneliti selanjutnya l yang men l gangkat to l pik berbeda ya l ng mempengaruhi kepa l tuhan waj l ib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 158, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1 Kerangka Dasar Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian l ini l menjelaskan hubungan l memengaruhi dan l dipengaruhi dari l variabel-variabel l yang l akan diteliti. Penelitian l ini menganalisis l pengaruh kesadaran l wajib l pajak, pengetahuan perpajakan l dan l sanksi perpajakan l terhadap l kepatuhan l wajib l pajak l dengan l preferens l i risiko l sebagai l variabel l l moderasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 449, "width": 138, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Konseptual", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun l hipotesis penelitian l ini l adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 468, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kesadaran l wajib l pajak, Pengetahuan l perpajakan dan l Sanksi Perpajakan l berpengaruh terhadap l kepatuhan wajib l pajak orang l pribadi pada l KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur. 2. Preferensi l Risiko memoderasi l pengaruh Kesadaran l wajib l pajak, Pengetahuan l perpajakan dan l Sanksi Perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l orang pribadi l pada KPP l Pratama Medan l l Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2 Jenis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian l yang digunakan l adalah l penelitian kuantitatif l asosiatif, yaitu l penelitian yang l bersifat l menanyakan hubungan antara l dua variabel l atau l lebih. Penelitian asosiatif l merupakan penelitian l yang l menggunakan dua atau l lebih variabel l untuk mengetahui l pengaruh antara l variabel yang l satu dengan l yang l lainnya (Sugiyono, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 117, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3 Jenis dan Sumber Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 470, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun tem l pat penelitian dila l kukan di Kant l or Pelaya l nan Pajak Pratama l Medan Ti l mur di Jl. Sukamulia No. l 17 A Kel. Aur, Kec. Medan Ma l imun, Medan–Indonesia. Waktu pene l litian ini l direncanakan akan l dilaksanakan l adalah dari l bulan Januari l 2023 sampai dengan l bulan Juli 2023. Populasi l yang digunakan l dalam penelitian l ini l adalah jumlah l wajib pajak l terd l aftar dan l w l ajib SPT l di KP l P Pratam l a Medan Ti l mur tahun l 2022 se l jumlah 150 l .440 wa l jib pajak. Pengambil l an sampe l l yang lebih l dari 1000 dilak l ukan dengan l menggu l nakan rumu l s slovin denga l n tujuan untu l k mendapatkan sa l mpel secara aca l k dengan menggunakan l rumus slovin l (Sugiyono, 2017). Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas l sampel yang l menjadi resp l onden dala l m penelitia l n ini di se l suaikan me l njadi seban l yak 100 l orang wajib l pajak l di KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur. Sampel l yang diambil l berdasarkan t l eknik non p l robability l sampling, dimana semua l objek kemungkinan terpilih l l sebagai sampel ti l dak sa l ma besar. Pe l ngambilan samp l el ini dila l kukan dengan l teknik l insindental, seperti yang l dikemukakan (Sugiyono, 2017) bahwa l sampling insindental l adalah pene l ntuan sampel l berda l sarkan kebe l tulan, yaitu l l siapa saja l y l ang se l cara kebetula l n/insindental l ber l temu l dengan penel l iti maka l dapat digunakan l sebagai s l ampel, bil l a dipand l ang orang l yang kebetula l n ditem l ui itu co l cok sebagai sumbe l r data (Sugiyono, 2017). Tekni l k yang dig l unakan peneliti l untuk p l engumpulan da l ta adalah l dengan l metode surv l ei menggunakan me l dia angk l et (kuesioner l ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 767, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengukur l pendapat responden l dalam p l enelitian ini menggun l akan Rating sc l ale (skala l bertingkat) y l aitu sebuah l pernyataan l diikuti ole l h jawaban l yang me l nunjukkan tingkatan l -tingkatan. Sebe l lum melakukan l pengumpul l an data, selu l ruh kusio l ner yang digu l nakan harus l mela l kukan uji l validitas da l n uji reli l abilitas. Pengujian in l i dilakukan l", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 339 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada Dos l en dan peg l awai Sek l olah Ti l nggi Ilmu l Manajemen Su l kma seban l yak 30 oran l g. Berikut ada l lah pengu l jian yang dila l kukan yaitu p l engujian vali l ditas dan pen l gujian reli l abilitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Validitas l Sebua l h instrumen dik l atakan valid l apabila m l ampu meng l ukur apa yan l g seharusn l ya diuku l r. Unt l uk mengetah l ui validitas instrume l n pada p l enelitian i l ni digunakan rumu l s korel l asi pro l duct moment l dari Pearson den l gan ban l tuan SPSS l versi 1 l 6.0. Uji validitas dilakukan pada wajib pajak di STIM SUKMA Medan sebany l ak 30 ora l ng Kriteria l dalam menentukan l validitas suatu l kusioner adalah l sebagai l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 168, "width": 335, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Nilai l r l hitung > r l tabel maka l butir dari l instrumen yang l dimaksud adalah l l valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 179, "width": 290, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Sebaliknya l jika r l hitung l < r l tabel maka l butir instrumen l tidak l valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji l validitas l dilakukan pada wajib pajak di STIM SUKMA Medan sebanyak l 30 l orang. Suatu l butir pertanyaan l dikatakan valid l apabila nilai l korelasi l (R l l hitung) dari l butir pertanyaan l tersebut l > R l l tabel. Nilai l R table l dengan sampel l 30 orang l berdasarkan tabel l Product Moment l adalah l 0,361. Suatu l pertanyaan dikatakan l valid apabila l nilai R l hitung l > l 0,361 l (R l l tabel). Diketahui l seluruh nilai l R hitung l > 0,361 (R l l tabel). Sehingga l disimpulkan seluruh l pertanyaan pada l kuesioner telah l l valid. b. l Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 260, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l Reliabilitas suatu l instr l umen menu l njukkan tingkat l l kehandalan in l strumen dalam l mengu l ngkap da l ta yang bis l a dipercay l a. Uji l reliabilitas dalam l penelitian ini l menggunakan bantuan l komputer program l SPSS versi l 16.0 l dengan uji l keterandalan teknik l Alpha l Cronbach, dengan kriteria pengujian yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 304, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Jika l nilai l Cronbach’s l l Alpha > l 0,60, maka l kuesioner penelitian bersifat l reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 315, "width": 362, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Jika l nilai l Cronbach’s l l Alpha < l 0,60, maka l kuesioner penelitian bersifat tidak l l reliabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 335, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Cronbach's Alpha X1 0.948 X2 0.931 X3 0.943 Z 0.949 Y 0.957 Jika l nilai l Cronbach’s l Alpha lebih l besar dari l l 0,6, maka l kuesioner penelitian l bersifat l reliabel. Diketahui l bahwa kuesioner l bersifat l reliabel, karena l seluruh nilai l Cronbach’s l Alpha lebih l besar dari l l 0,6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.4 Metode Analisis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 470, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tekni l k anali l sis yang l digu l nakan dala l m penelitian l l ini adalah l analisis l SEM l dengan l l PLS Ver l si 3 l dim l ana data l y l ang dipergun l akan tidak l h l arus berdistrib l usi norma l l multivari l at. Men l urut (Sholi l hin Mah l fud and l Ratmo l no 201 l 3) SEM dengan l PLS terdiri l dari t l iga komponen, l yaitu: Analysis J l alur l (Path Analys l is), Partial l Least l Square (PL l S) dan Analisis Efek Mediasi. Analisis yang l digunakan dalam l penelitian ini l adalah Analisis l Efek Mediasi l (Mediation Ef l fects). Analisis efe l k mediasi u l ntuk menganal l isis penga l ruh lan l gsung kesadar l an terhadap ke l patuhan w l ajib pajak; penge l tahuan perp l ajakan terha l dap kepatuhan l wajib l pajak; sanksi pa l jak terhada l p kepat l uhan wajib l pajak se l rta preferensi l risiko memoderasi l pengaruh kesadaran l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib l pajak; preferensi l risiko memoderasi l penga l ruh l pengetahuan per l pajakan terhadap l k l epatuhan wajib l l pajak; dan l prefe l rensi risiko l memoder l asi pe l ngaruh l sanksi paja l k terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak. l Analisis efek m l ediasi ini l menggu l nakan l taha l p analisis l yaitu: (1) Anal l isis model pengu l kuran/measurem l ent model an l alysis (ou l ter model); d l an (2) Analisis model struk l tural/structural m l odel ana l lysis (inner l model). l 1. Anali l sis model pen l gukuran/measurement l model ana l lysis (outer m l odel) men l ggunakan 2 pe l ngujian, an l tara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Valid l itas dan reli l abilitas konstru l k (construct l reliabil l ity and va l lidity) Validitas l dan reliabilit l as konstruk l adalah pe l ngujian untuk m l engukur k l ehandalan konstruk. K l ehandalan sko l r konstruk harus cu l kup ting l gi. Kriter l ia composite r l eliability l adalah > 0. l 6 b. Validi l tas diskriminan (dis l criminant validity). D l iscriminant validity dar l i model l pengukur l an dengan l refleksi ind l ikator bi l sa dilih l at dari ni l lai cross l l oading pengukuran den l gan konst l ruk. Jikalau kor l elasi konstruk l penguku l ran nila l inya lebih b l esar dari kon l truk lainnya, mak l a menunjukkan bah l wa konstruk lat l en memiliki u l kuran pada l blok m l ereka lebih l baik da l ri ukuran pad l a blok lainny l a (Juliandi 2016). 2. Ana l lisis mo l del struktural men l ggunakan 3 pengujian, antara lain: a. R-square l R-Squa l re adalah l ukuran l proporsi l v l ariasi nilai l va l riabel yang l dipengaru l hi l ( l endogen) yang l da l pat dijelaskan l ole l h variabel l ya l ng mempengaruhin l ya (eksoge l n). Ini l bergu l na untuk l me l mprediksi ap l akah model l ada l lah l baik/bur l uk. Kriteria l dari l R-Square l l adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 270, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Jik l a nilai l (a l djusted) = l 0.75 → m l odel adalah sub l stansial (ku l t);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 340 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 278, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Ji l ka nilai (ad l justed) = 0. l 50 → mo l del adalah mode l rate (seda l ng);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 352, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Ji l ka nilai (adjus l ted)= 0.25 → m l odel adalah l lemah (bu l ruk) ( l Juliandi, l 2016). b. F-square", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 122, "width": 457, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran l F-S l quare atau l ef l fect size l ad l alah ukuran l yan l g digunakan l untuk l m l enilai damp l ak relati l ve dari su l atu variabel ya l ng mempengaruhi (e l ksogen) terha l dap varia l bel yang dip l engaruhi (endogen).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 145, "width": 276, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriter l ia F-Squ l are menurut l ( l Juliandi, l 2016) ad l alah sebaga l i l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 471, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Ji l ka nilai l = l 0.02 l → Efek l yang l kecil l dari l variab l el e l ksogen terhada l p end l ogen; 2. Jik l a nila l i = 0.15 → E l fek yang seda l ng/moder l at dari variab l el eksog l en terhadap en l dogen; dan 3. Jika l nilai = l 0.35 → Ef l ek yang besar l dari va l riabel eksogen t l erhadap en l dogen. c. Media l tion effects 1. D l irect eff l ects T l ujuan analisis di l rect effect (pen l garuh langsu l ng) berguna untu l k l menguji hip l otesis p l engaruh lang l sung suatu var l iabel yang me l mpengaruhi (ekso l gen) terhadap v l ariabel yan l g dipenga l ruhi (endogen) (Juliandi, 2016). Krite l ria untuk peng l ujian hipotesis pe l ngaruh lang l sung (dire l ct effect) l adalah seperti t l erlihat di dala l m bagian d l i bawah ini. l Pertama, k l oefisien jalu l r (path coefficient):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 260, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Ji l ka nilai k l oefisien jalu l r (path co l efficient) adal l ah positif, l maka l pengaruh s l uatu variab l el ter l hadap vari l abel lain a l dalah searah, ji l ka nilai ni l ai suatu v l ariabel meningk l at/naik, mak l a nilai l variabel lai l nnya juga meni l ngkat/n l aik; dan;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 294, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) l Jika nila l i koefisien jalur ( l path coeffic l ient) ada l lah negatif, m l aka pengaru l h suatu variab l el terha l dap vari l abel lain ad l alah berlawan l arah, jika l nilai nilai l suatu va l riabel menin l gkat/naik, mak l a nilai variabe l l lainnya l akan men l urun/rend l ah. 2. Indir l ect effects", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 340, "width": 443, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tu l juan analisis indi l rect effect b l erguna u l ntuk menguji hip l otesis penga l ruh tidak la l ngsung suatu var l iabel yang me l mpengaruhi (eksoge l n) terhada l p variabel l yang d l ipengaruhi (endo l gen) yang dianta l rai/dimediasi oleh l suatu var l iabel interven l ing (variabel m l ediator). Kriteria l menetukan pe l ngaruh ti l dak langsung (in l derct effect) l adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 375, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Jik l a nilai l P-Values l < 0.0 l 5, maka sig l nifikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 386, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Jika l ni l lai P-Val l ues > 0 l .05, m l aka tidak sig l nifikan 3. T l otal effects Total effect (t l otal efek) meru l pakan total da l ri direct l effect (penga l ruh lang l sung) dan l indirect effect l (pengaruh tidak langsu l ng) (Juliandi, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.5 Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam l pengujian hipotesis l dapat dilihat l dari nilai l t-statistik l dan nilai l l probabilitas. Untuk l pengujian hipotesis l yaitu dengan l menggunakan nilai l statistik maka l untuk alpha l l 5% nilai l t-statistik l yang digunakan l adalah l 1,96. Sehingga l kriteria l penerimaan/penolakan l hipotesis adalah l Ha diterima l dan H0 l ditolak ketika l t-statistik l > l 1,96 Untuk l menolak/menerima l hipotesis menggunakan l probabilitas maka l Ha diterima l jika nilai l probabilitas l < l 0,05. Analisis Pengaruh Langsung X terhadap Y:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 268, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Hipotesis l a) l H0 : X l tidak berpengaruh l signifikan terhadap l Y l b) l H1 : X l berpengaruh signifikan l terhadap Y l 2) Kriteria l pengujian hipotesis l a) Tolak l H0 jika l nilai sig l < α 0,05 l b) Terima l H0 jika l nilai sig l > α 0,05 l Analisis Tidak Pengaruh Langsung X terhadap Y dimoderasi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Koefisisen l Pengaruh tidak l langssung, tidak l langsung, dan l l total :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 605, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Pengaruh l langsung X l ke Y l dilihat dari l nilai koefisien l regresi terhadap l l Y b) Pengaruh l tidak langsung l X ke l Y melalui l Z dilihat l dari perkalian l antara nilai l koefisisen regresi l X terhadap l Z dengan l nilai koefisien l regresi Z l terhadap l Y c) Pengaruh l total X l ke Y l dilihat dari l nilai pengaruh l langsung l + pengaruh l tidak l langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 184, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 311, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Validitas dan reliabiltas konstruk (Construct reliability and validity)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l pengolahan dengan l Smart PLS l 3.00 l dapat dilihat l pada nilai l outer model l antara konstruk l dengan variabel l sudah memenuhi l convergent validity l karena indikator l memiliki nilai l validitas diatas l l 0,7. Pada l gambar 4.9 l menujukkan nilai l korelasi variabel l kesadaran wajib l l pajak, pengetahuan l l perpajakan, sanksi l l Perpajakan, Preferensi l Risiko dan l Kepatuhan Wajib l Pajak menunjukkan l bahwa nilai l diatas 0,7 l sehingga konstruk l untuk beberapa l variabel tidak l ada yang l harus dieleimanasi l dari l model. Discriminat validity l juga dapat l diketahui melalui l metode lainnya l yaitu dengan l melihat Average l Variance Extracted l ( l AVE) untuk l masing-masing l indikator dipersyaratkan l nilainya harus l 0,5 l untuk model l yang baik l .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 341 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 195, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Pengujian l Reliabilitas berdasarkan l l Average Variance l Extracted (AVE) Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) Composite Reliability Average Variance Extracted (AVE) X1 0,961 0,967 0,786 X1Z 0,997 0,997 0,794 X2 0,952 0,960 0,750 X2Z 0,996 0,996 0,756 X3 0,915 0,931 0,630 X3Z 0,990 0,990 0,556 Y 0,979 0,981 0,841 Z 0,981 0,983 0,855 Nilai l AVE yang l disarankan adalah l di atas l 0,5 l . Berdasarkan l Tabel l 4.12 l Diketahui seluruh l nilai AVE l > l 0,5, yang l berarti telah l memenuhi syarat l validitas berdasarkan l l AVE. Selanjutnya l dilakukan pengujian l reliabilitas berdasarkan l nilai composite l reliability l ( l CR). Nilai l CR yang l disarankan adalah l di atas l 0,7. Diketahui l seluruh nilai l CR > l 0,7, yang l berarti telah l memenuhi l syarat l reliabilitas berdasarkan l l CR. Selanjutnya l dilakukan pengujian l reliabilitas berdasarkan l nilai cronbach’s l alpha l ( l CA). Nilai l CA l yang l disarankan l adalah l di l atas l l 0,7. Diketahui l seluruh nilai l CA l > l 0,7, yang l berarti telah l memenuhi syarat l reliabilitas berdasarkan l cronbach’s l alpha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. R-Square", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 320, "width": 457, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan l pengolahan data l yang telah l dilakukan dengan l menggunakan program l smartPLS l 3.0, diperoleh l nilai l R-Square l yang dapat l dilihat pada l gambar dan l tabel l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 349, "width": 77, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. R-Square R-Square Y 0,763", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diketahui l nilai l R-Square l dari Y l adalah l 0,763 l yang berarti l l X1, l X2, X3 l mampu mempengaruhi l Y sebesar l l 76,3% b. F-Square Berdasarkan l pengolahan data l yang telah l dilakukan dengan l menggunakan program l smartPLS l 3.0, diperoleh l nilai l F-Square l yang dapat l dilihat pada l gambar dan l tabel l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 448, "width": 457, "height": 241, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. F-Square Kepatuhan Wjib Pajak Kesadaran Wajib Pajak 0.390 Pengetahuan Perpajakan 0,415 Sanksi Perpajakan 0,410 Moderating effect 1 0,012 Moderating effect 2 0,370 Moderating effect 3 0,362 Dari l pengujian l F-Square l pada tabel l diatas adalah l variabel kesadaran l wajib pajak l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,390. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l pengetahuan perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,415. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Sanksi perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,410. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Preferensi Risiko l sebagai variabel l moderating pengaruh l kesadaran wajib l pajak terhadap l kepatuhan wajib l pajak memiliki l nilai F2 l = l 0,012. Maka l terdapat efek l yang kecil l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Preferensi Risiko l sebagai variabel l moderating pengaruh l pengetahuan perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,370. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Preferensi Risiko l sebagai variabel l moderating pengaruh l sanksi perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l l F2 = l 0,362. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 698, "width": 352, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Uji l Siginifikansi pengaruh l ( l Bootstraping) dilakukan l pada variabel l l penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 715, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Uji l Path Coefficient l dan Signifikansi l Pengaruh l", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 734, "width": 372, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standard Deviation (STDEV) T Statistics (\|O/STDEV\|) P Values X1 -> Y l 0,389 l 0,398 l 0,132 l 2,935 l 0,002 X2 -> Y l 0,253 l 0,258 l 0,120 l 2,117 l 0,017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 342 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 88, "width": 377, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standard Deviation (STDEV) T Statistics (\|O/STDEV\|) P Values X3 -> Y l 0,221 l 0,229 l 0,087 2,544 l 0,006 X1Z -> Y l 0,016 l 0,021 l 0,113 0,142 0,443 X2Z -> Y l 0,210 l 0,196 l 0,111 2,127 l 0,030 X3Z -> Y l 0,154 l 0,158", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 268, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l 0,096 2,360 l 0,048 Berdasarkan l tabel l 4.16 l diperoleh hasil l uji hipotesis l sebagai l berikut: a. Pengaru l h kesadaran wajib l pajak (X l 1) terhad l ap kepatuhan w l ajib pajak ( l Y) berdas l arkan tab l el hasil u l ji path coeffi l cient dapat di l simpulkan bawa l h nilai T S l tatistics l (2,935) > l 1,9 l 6 atau nilai p l Valu l e (0,00 l 2) < 0,05 ini berar l ti hipotes l is diterim l a yang arti l nya kesadara l n wajib l pajak (X1) ber l pengaruh sign l ifikan terhadap kepatuha l n wajib pa l jak (Y) di l KPP Pra l tama Medan Timur. b. Peng l aruh pengetahua l n perpajak l an (X2) te l rhadap ke l patuhan w l ajib paja l k (Y) be l rdasarkan ta l bel hasil l uji pat l h coefficient l dapat dis l impulkan bawah ni l lai T l Statistics (2,117 l ) > l 1,96 atau l nilai l p Valu l e ( 0,017) < 0,0 l 5 ini berar l ti Hipotesis diterima l yang l artinya l pengetahua l n perpa l jakan (X2) l berpengar l uh signifikan terh l adap kepatuhan l wajib paja l k (Y) di KP l P Prat l ama Medan l Timur. c. Peng l aruh San l ksi Perpajaka l n (X3) terh l adap kep l atuhan wajib l pajak l (Y) ber l dasarkan l tabel ha l sil uji p l ath coefficien l t dapat disim l pulkan bawah l nilai T Sta l tistics (2,544 l ) > 1,96 a l tau nilai l p Va l lue ( 0,006 l ) < 0,05 l ini ber l arti Hip l otesis diteri l ma yang l artinya Sanksi l Perpajakan ( l X3) terhadap l berpen l garuh signif l ikan terhadap l kepatuhan l wajib pa l jak (Y) l di KPP Prata l ma Meda l n Timur. d. B l erdasarkan tab l el uji p l ath coefficie l nt diper l oleh bawah n l ilai T Statistic l s (0,14 l 2) < 1, l 96 l atau nil l ai p V l alue ( 0,4 l 43) > 0,05 ya l ng berarti hi l potesis d l itolak yang art l inya Pr l eferensi Ris l iko (Z l ) tida l k mamp l u memod l erasi pengaruh ke l sadaran waji l b pajak l (X1) l terhadap l kepatu l han wa l jib pa l jak (Y). e. Berdasarka l n tabel u l ji path coe l fficient dip l eroleh baw l ah nilai T St l atistics (2 l ,127) l > l 1,96 atau l nila l i p Va l lue ( 0,030) < 0,05 y l ang ber l arti hipotesi l s diteri l ma yang art l inya Prefere l nsi Ri l siko ( l Z) memod l erasi pen l garuh l penget l ahuan pe l rpaja l kan (X2) te l rhadap kepat l uhan waji l b pajak l (Y). f. Berdasarkan tabel l uji path l coefficient diperoleh l bawah nilai l T Statistics l (2,360) > 1,96 l atau nilai l p l Value ( 0,048) < l 0,05 yang l berarti hipotesis l diterima yang artinya l Preferensi Risiko (Z) memoderasi l pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan (X3 l ) terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Pembahasan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 322, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.1 Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar 2,935 l > 1,96 l dan l p-value l l 0,002 < 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l kesadaran wajib pajak l berpengaruh l positif signifikan l terhadap kepatuhan l l wajib, maka hipotesis pertama : diterima. Berdasarkan l hasil iden l tifikasi masala l h di KPP Pra l tama Meda l n Timur l pada tahun l 2022 diper l oleh waj l ib lapor terd l aftar dan wa l jib SPT se l banyak 150.440 l akan l tetapi ya l ng wajib la l por hanya l 48.3 l 30. Sem l akin tin l ggi kesadaran waji l b pajak, l maka semaki l n tinggi ke l patuhan l wajib paj l ak di l KPP l Pratama l Medan l Timu l r. Dari h l asil de l skripsi re l sponden ditemuka l n responden l yang lama m l emiliki l NPWP sel l ama > 1 l 0 tahun l sebanyak 46 l %. Res l ponden ya l g sud l ah lama memi l liki NPWP l sudah meny l adari bahwa l pembayar l an pajak itu l adalah su l dah sua l tu kew l ajiban yang h l arus dilakukan se l hingga menin l gkatkan kesa l daran wajib pajak l untuk m l ematuhi pembayar l an pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor rata-rata sebesar 4,24 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa kesadaran l wajib pajak l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l sangat l tinggi. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 63 (63%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi terdapat pada l item l pernyataan no l 1 dengan l pernyataan Kesad l aran saya l l membaya l r paja l k mer l upakan bentuk l partisipas l i saya l dalam menunjang l pembangunan n l egara, hal in l i menunju l kkan bahwa w l ajib pajak l KPP Prata l ma Medan l Timur l memiliki tingkat l kesad l aran tinggi l d l alam mela l kukan pem l bayaran pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 630, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada item pernyataan No.1 yaitu pada item Ke ll sadaran saya mem l bayar pajak merup l akan bentuk partis l ipasi say l a dalam l menunjang l pembangunan negara l dengan ni l lai cross l loading 0,947, hal l ini menuj l ukkan bahw l a wajib l pajak di l KPP Prata l ma Medan Tim l ur s l udah memiliki l tingkat kesada l ran yang ti l nggi dala l m memba l yar pajak. S l edangkan untuk l nilai cros l s loading terend l ah pada ite l m pernyataa l n No. 5 l yaitu Kesa l daran say l a tentang l pajak ditetapkan l dengan l Undang-Und l ang (UU) dan dap l at dipaksakan de l ngan nilai cr l oss loading 0,79 l 1. Hal i l ni menunju l kka l n bahwa masih ada beberapa wajib paj l ak orang pri l badi di K l PP Pratama l Medan Tim l ur belum l memiliki kesadara l n dalam membayar l paja l k dik l aitkan denga l n undang- unda l ng perpajaka l n yang berl l aku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "K l esadaran adalah ke l adaan me l ngetahui ata l u mengerti, sed l angkan perpajakan a l dalah peri l hal pajak. Seh l ingga kesada l ran perpajakan ad l alah keadaan m l engetahui atau l mengerti pe l rihal pajak (Arisandy, 2017). K l esadaran merupakan unsur l dalam l diri manusia l untuk mem l ahami realit l as dan ba l gaimana mereka l bertida l k dan be l rsikap terh l adap realitas. Ke l sadaran yang dim l iliki oleh man l usia kesada l ran dalam l diri, kesadara l n akan se l sama, ma l sa sil l am, dan kem l ungkinan masa de l pannya. Kesada l ran membayar pa l jak mem l iliki arti k l eadaan dim l ana seseorang meng l etahui, memahami, dan l mengerti l tentang cara me l mbayar pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 343 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 471, "height": 159, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l penelitian ini l sejalan dengan l hasil penelitian l yang dilakukan l oleh l ( l Hasugian, l 2018); (Putra l l et l al., l 2021); (Anam l et l al., l 2016); (Prima l Yuslina l et l al., l 2018); ( l Johanes l dkk, l 2017); (Putri l & l Setiawan, l 2017); ( l Brata et l l al., l 2017); (Hartana l & l Merkusiwati, l 2018) dan l (Rustandi & Kurnia, 2020) menun l jukkan bah l wa kesadara l n wajib l pajak berpen l garuh terhadap l kepatuhan wajib l pajak ora l ng prib l adi. Hal l ini be l rarti bahwa s l emakin tingg l i kesad l aran wajib pa l jak maka aka l n mampu m l eningkatkan t l ingkat kep l atuhan waji l b pajak. H l al ini l dapat l l dilihat dari l j l waban kuesioner l ya l ng diisi l ol l eh wajib l paj l ak di l KPP l Pratama l l Medan Timu l r yait l u bahwa l rata rat l a respon l den memili l h kesadaran San l gat tinggi at l as pern l yataan ya l ng ditanya l kan seban l yak 47 l %. Hal ini l menunj l ukkan bah l wa waj l ib p l ajak kesadaran Sangat l ti l nggi dala l m memah l ami ba l hwa me l mbayar paja l k meru l pakan bent l uk partisi l pasi dalam m l enunjang pembangunan l l negara, wajib l pajak menyadari l bahwa pembayaran l l pajak yang l ti l dak sesua l i akan be l rakibat pa l da kerugia l n yang akan l ditanggung n l egara, wajib paja l k men l yadari tentang l pajak ditetapkan l dengan l undang-undang l ( l UU) dan l dapat l dipaksakan, wajib l pajak l menyadari l aturan ke l tentuan l perpajakan l yang l ll berlaku, waj l ib pajak l menya l dari cara l m l engisi l formulir l sesu l ai deng l an penghasilan l (omzet) l yang sebenar l nya, waji l b pajak l menyadarai pemb l ayaran tepat wa l ktu tanpa paks l aan orang l l ain, bel l um menyadar l i apabila tid l ak membaya l r pajak aka l n merugika l n negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 329, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.2 Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 470, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,117 > 1,96 l dan l p-value l 0,017 < 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh l positif signifikan l terhadap kepatuhan l l wajib, maka l hipotesis kedua l : l diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dar l i hasil deskri l psi responde l n ditemuka l n respond l en yang berumu l r 36- l 45 ta l hun sebanyak l 27 % l da l n yang berpendidika l n S1 se l banyak 4 l 6 %. Res l ponden yang l memiliki us l ia yang ma l tang d l apat lebih ce l pat memahami tentan l g perpajaka l n dan pendid l ikan akan mem l pengaruhi daya l tanggap re l sponden untuk me l ningkatakan pengetah l uan sehingga l wajib l pajak dapat men l ingkatkan kepatuha l nnya. Semaki l n b l aik Pengetahu l an perpaja l kan, m l aka semakin ti l nggi kepatuha l n wajib pa l jak di KP l P Pratama M l edan Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 470, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor rata l -rata sebesar l 4,04 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa pengetahuan perpajakan l wajib pajak l di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l Baik. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 49 (49%) responden menjawab sangat baik terdapat pada item pernyataan no 3 dengan pernyataan Pengetahuan l saya tentang l prosedur atau l tata cara l pembayaran l pajak, hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa wajib l pajak KPP l Pratama Medan Timur l memiliki tingkat pengetahuan perpajakan yang sangat baik dalam memahami prosedur dan tata cara penbayaran pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 471, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada item pernyataan No.5 yaitu pada item Pengetahuan l saya bahwa l pajak l bersifat l memaksa l sehingga l apabila l terjadi l pelanggaran l maka l l akan l dikenakan sanksi l berupa l sanksi l administrasi (denda l ) dan sanksi l pidana (penjara l ) dengan nilai cross loading 0,925, l hal ini menujukkan bahwa l wajib pajak l orang pribadi l di KPP l Pratama Medan Timur sudah memiliki l pengetahuan yang sangat baik tekait sanksi perpajakan yang ada. Sedangkan untuk nilai l cross loading l terendah pada l item l pernyataan No. 1 yaitu Pengetahuan l saya tentang l fungsi dan l manfaat pajak l untuk membiayai l pembangunan l negara dan sarana l umum dengan nilai cross loading 0,755. Hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa masih ada beberapa wajib l pajak l orang pribadi l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur belum memiliki pengetahuan l perpajakan terkait alokasi pajak l yang telah dibayarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 525, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivit l as penyuluh l an yang dil l aksanakan di K l PP Pratama Medan Timur sem l akin me l ningkat, l Pada tah l un 2018 penyuluha l n men l capai 105,71%, pada tahu l n 2019 mencapai 108,33%, pada ta l hun 2020 m l encapai 118,42%, pada tahun 2021 mencapai 123,08% dan tahun 2022 mencapai 130%. Data l sosialisasinya melebihi l target yang l sudah l dibuat pemerintah. Sementara l sosialisasi yang l dilakukan oleh l pemerintah l diharapkan dapat l meningkatkan kesadaran wajib l pajak. Tetapi l sebaliknya masyarakat l yang melapor l SPT mengalami l penurunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l Pengetahuan wajib pajak l merupakan informasi l pajak yang l dapat digunakan l wajib pajak l sebagai dasar l untuk l bertindak, mengambil keputusan l dan untuk l menempuh arah l atau strategi l tertentu sehubungan l dengan l pelaksanaan hak dan l kewajibannya l di bidang l perpajakan. Informasi yang l dipahami dan l dimengerti wajib l pajak dapat l membuat l kesadaran wajib pajak l untuk mengambil l keputusan dan l bertindak untuk l membayar pajak l serta melaporkan l SPT l tahunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l penelitian ini l sejalan dengan l hasil penelitian l (Ermawati & Afifi, 2018); (Putri l & l Setiawan, l 2017); (Nadia Salsabila & Imahda Khoiri Furqon, 2020) dan (Yunianti et al., 2019) yang menunjuk l kan bah l wa pengetahuan perpajak l an berpeng l aruh terhada l p kepatu l han waji l b pajak l orang p l ribadi yang l menunju l kkan bahwa l pengetahuan perpajaka l n berpeng l aruh terhadap kepatuha l n wajib paj l ak orang p ll ribadi. Ha l l ini bera l rti bahwa s l emakin tin l ggi pengetahua l n perpajakan ma l ka akan mamp l u me l ningkatkan tin l gkat ke l patuhan w l ajib paja l k. Hal i l ni dapat l dilihat d l ari jawaban kuesio l ner yang diisi l oleh w l ajib paj l ak di K l PP Pratam l a Kesadaran l waji l b pajak l di KPP Pra l tama Me l dan Timur m l asih rendah terliha l t pada w l ajib lapor terda l ftar dan wa l jib S l PT pad l a tahun l 202 l 2 seba l nyak 1 l 50.440 aka l n tetapi ya l ng wajib la l por ha l nya 4 l 8.330. l bahwa rata l -rata respo l nden memil l ih penget l ahuan baik at l as pernyataan yan l g ditanyakan s l ebanyak 3 l 9%. Hal ini l menunj l ukkan bahwa w l ajib pajak meng l etahui fungsi l dan l manfaat, mengetahui l prosedur atau l tata cara l pembayaran l pajak, mengetahui informasi l perpajakan dengan l mudah l diperoleh da l ri media l m l asa, spanduk l d l an media l c l etak l lainnya l , mengetahu l i bahwa l l pajak bers l ifat l mema l ksa, l mengetahui bah l wa dalam l undang- un l dang perpaja l kan, bag l i wajib paj l ak yang terla l mbat atau l tidak l membayar pajak l dapat diberik l an sanksi admin l istrasi dan sanks l i pid l ana, meng l etahui lokasi pem l bayaran paj l ak dan be l lum mengetah l ui cara m l enghitung jumlah paj l ak yang ditanggu l ng.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 344 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 302, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.3 Pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 105, "width": 470, "height": 89, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,544 > 1,96 l dan l p-value l 0,006 l < l 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh l positif signifikan l terhadap kepatuhan l l wajib, maka hipotesis ketiga : diterima. Berdasarkan l hasil identifikasi l masalah di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur diperoleh l bahwa l jumlah Surat Tagihan Pajak l yang diterbitkan KPP Medan Timur mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Akan tetapi sanksi perpajakan di KPP Pratama jumlah l Surat Tagihan l Pajak yang l diterbitkan KPP l Pratama l Medan l Timur mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Tetap dijalankan semaksimal mungkin dan masyarakat setuju dengan adanya sanksi pajak tersebut. wajib pajak setuju dengan sanksi l perpajakan di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l sehingga dapat meningkatkan tingkat l kepatuhan wajib l l pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan l penjelasan hasil l jawaban responden total skor rata-rata sebesar 4,01 hal ini l menunjukkan bahwa l wajib pajak l di KPP l Pratama Medan Timur Setuju l dengan adanya sanksi l perpajakan. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 36 (36%) responden l menjawab sangat setuju l terdapat pada l item pernyataan l no 4 dengan pernyataan Sanksi l yang di l berikan kepada l wajib pajak l harus sesuai l dengan keterlambatan pembayaran, hal l ini menunjukkan bahwa wajib pajak KPP Pratama Medan Timur memiliki setuju dengan adanya sanksi perpajakan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada item pernyataan No.6 yaitu pada item Pengena l an sanksi y l ang cukup l berat l merupakan sa l lah satu l sarana mendid l k w l ajib pajak dengan l nilai cross loading 0,885, hal ini menujukkan bahw l a l wajib p l ajak ora l ng pribadi d l i KPP l Pra l tama Meda l n Timur set l uju bah l wa sanksi perp l ajakan merup l akan sarana yang l mendidik ba l gi wajib p l ajak KPP Prat l ama Meda l n Timur. Seda l ngkan untuk nilai cr l oss loading terend l ah pada item l pernyataa l n No. 1 l yaitu Sanksi l pajak s l angat di p l erlukan unt l uk menciptakan ke l displinan setiap l wajib pajak d l engan nilai l cross loadi l ng 0,7 l 19. Hal i l ni menunjukkan b l ahwa ma l sih ada beberap l a wajib paj l ak orang pri l badi di K l PP Pratama l Medan Timu l r belum d l isiplin dalam l menerapkan san l ksi perpajakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l penelitian ini l sejalan dengan l hasil penelitian l yang dilakukan l oleh Hasil l penelitian l (Anam et l l al., 2016); (Juliantari et al., 2021); (Lumban Gaol & Sarumaha, 2022); (Lumban Gaol & Sarumaha, 2022) dan (Septyana & Suprasto, 2019) ya l ng menunjukka l n bahwa sanks l i perpaja l kan berpengaru l h terhadap k l epatuha l n wajib p l ajak orang pr l ibadi. Hal ini berar l ti bahw l a semakin tingg l i sanksi l perpajakan l maka akan l mampu m l eningkatkan tingkat l kepatuhan wajib p l ajak. Hal ini l dapat dil l hat dari jawab l an kuesioner l yang di l isi oleh wajib l pajak di l KPP l Pratama Me l dan Timur b l ahwa rat l a-rata resp l onden memilih l setuju de l ngan sanksi per l pajakan yan l g diterap l kan di K l PP Pratam l a Medan Tim l ur sebanyak l 46%. H l al ini men l unjukkan bahwa sank l si yang dite l rapkan l di KPP P l ratama Medan T l imur Su l dah baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.4 Preferensi Risiko Tidak Mampu Memoderasi Kesadaran Wajib Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 468, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l t-statistik l sebesar l 0,142 l < 1,96 l dan l p-value l l 0,443 > 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l bahwa Preferensi l Risiko Tidak l Mampu Memoderasi l Kesadaran Wajib l Pajak terhadap l Kepatuhan Wajib l l Pajak, maka l hipotesis keempat l : l ditolak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor l rata-rata l sebesar l 3,63 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa Preferensi Risiko di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur Tinggi sehingga l dapat meningkatkan l tingkat kepatuhan l wajib l pajak. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 30 (30%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi pada risiko sosial pada item pernyataan no 5 dengan pernyataan Perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan l wajib l pajak, hal ini l menunjukkan bahwa l preferensi risiko mempengaruhi kesadaran l wajib pajak KPP Pratama Medan Timur dalam mematuhi perubahan kebijakan pemerintah. Semakin setuju wajib pajak akan sanksi perpajakan, maka l semakin tinggi l kepatuhan wajib l pajak l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 470, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan l hasil l pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada Risiko Keselamatan dengan item pernyataan No. 9 yaitu l Keselamatan dalam l bekerja dapat l mempengaruhi seseorang l sebagai wajib l pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,960, hal ini menujukkan bahwa Keselamatan dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi kesadaran wajib l pajak orang l pribadi di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l dalam membayar l l pajak. Sedangkan untuk nilai cross loading terendah pada Risiko Keuangan dengan item pernyataan No. 2 l yaitu Wajib l pajak yang l berwirausaha l mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib l pajak dalam l melaporkan pajak l dengan nilai cross loading 0,824. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko keuangan terkhusus bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi yang memiliki usaha masih rendah dalam meningkatkan kesadaran wajib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 470, "height": 67, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ha l sil ini sejalan den l gan penelit l ian l yang dilakukan l o l leh (Elsani & Aries Tanno, 2023) disim l pulkan bahwa pr l eferensi risiko ti l dak dapat mem l oderasi pengar l uh kesadaran wa l jib pajak terhada l p kepatuhan wa l jib paja l k. Ha l l ini dap l at dilihat d l ari jaw l aban kues l ioner yang dii l si oleh l wajib pa l jak di l KPP Prat l ama Me l dan Timur l bahwa ra l ta rata re l sponden memilih pr l eferensi risiko tin l ggi atas pernyataan yang di l tanyakan sebany l ak 41% l . Semakin tin l ggi prefere l nsi risiko se l seorang maka l akan sem l akin rendah l kesadaran l wajib pajak te l rsebut sehin l gga tingka l t kepatuhan w l ajib pajak a l kan berkurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 450, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.5 Preferensi Risiko Mampu Memoderasi Pengetahuan Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,127 > 1,96 l dan l p-value 0,030 l < 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l bahwa Preferensi l Risiko Mampu l Memoderasi Pengetahuan l Perpajakan terhadap l Kepatuhan Wajib l l Pajak, maka l hipotesis kelima l : l diterima. D l ari hasil deskrip l si responden l ditemukan l repsonden yan l g berpen l didikan S1 seba l nyak 46 l %. Pend l idikan ini l akan mempenga l ruhi pemaha l man resp l onden tent l ang perpaja l kan. Berdasar l kan hasil id l entifikasi masalah l yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 345 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dil l akukan di K l PP Pratama Med l an Tim l ur diperole l h bahwa sos l ialisasi perpa l jakan selalu l dilaksanak l an setia l p tahun l nya dan selalu melebi l hi target l sosilisasi. Se l tiap keluar p l eraturan terbaru terk l ait per l pajakan, KPP l Pratama Med l an Timur s l e l lalu mengadakan l sosialisasi l baik mengunda l ng waj l ib pajak data l ng ke ka l ntor atau l pun pihak wa l jib paj l ak yang meng l undang fiskus, pa l da saat pan l demi sosialis l asi dilaksana l kan secara dar l ing. Keefekti l fan penyuluha l n mencapai 130 l % pada l tah l un 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor l rata-rata l sebesar l 3,63 l hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa Preferensi l Risiko di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l Tinggi sehingga l dapat meningkatkan l tingkat kepatuhan l wajib l pajak. Dari l deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 30 (30%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi pada risiko sosial pada item pernyataan no 5 dengan pernyataan Perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan l wajib l pajak, hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa preferensi l risiko mempengaruhi l pengetahuan wajib l pajak KPP l Pratama Medan l Timur dalam l mematuhi perubahan l kebijakan l pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada Risiko Keselamatan dengan item pernyataan No. 9 yaitu l Keselamatan dalam l bekerja dapat l mempengaruhi seseorang l sebagai wajib l pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,960, hal ini menujukkan bahwa Keselamatan dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi pengetahuan wajib l pajak orang l pribadi l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l dalam membayar pajak. Sedangkan untuk nilai cross loading terendah pada Risiko Keuangan dengan item pernyataan No. l 2 yaitu Wajib l pajak l yang berwirausaha mempengaruhi l kepatuhan wajib l pajak dalam l melaporkan pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,824. l Hal ini menunjukkan l bahwa pengetahuan l perpajakan wa l jib pajak l orang pribadi l KPP Pr l atama Medan l Timu l r masih rend l ah terka l it risiko keu l angan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l ini sejalan de l ngan pene l litian yang di l lakukan ole l h Peneliti l an (Prima Yuslina et al., 2018) y l ang menyatakan bahwa l Pengetahu l an perpajaka l n yang dim l oderasi prefere l nsi resik l o wajib l pajak mem l iliki peng l aruh yang sign l ifikan terh l adap kepatuhan wa l jib pajak di l kota Peka l nbaru. Berda l sarkan kuesione l r yang d l iisi oleh wa l jib pajak l di KP l P Prata l ma Medan T l imur diperoleh bah l wa rata-ra l ta respon l den dengan Prefere l nsi Risiko Ti l nggi sebany l ak 41% l . Hal i l ni menunjukkan ba l hwa pengetahuan perpaj l akan yang ba l ik, didukun l g dengan prefer l ensi resiko l wajib pa l jak akan memun l gkinkan dirinya untu l k patuh memba l yar pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 423, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.6 Preferensi Risiko Mampu Memoderasi Sanksi Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 471, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,360 > 1,96 l dan l p-value l 0,048 < l 0,05 me l nunjukkan bahw l a ba l hwa Pref l erensi Risiko Mampu l Memodera l si Sanksi l Perpaja l kan terhadap Kepatu l han Wajib Pajak l , maka hip l otesis kee l nam : diterima. Faktor pendorong a l danya keadil l an maupu l n efektivi l tas pajak, m l aka yang sangat l berpera l n ialah l sanksi harus optim l al, teg l as, dan l penuh l tanggu l ng jawab da l lam penc l egahan ketidakp l atu l han. Didika l n dari fi l skus akan me l mbuat WP l akan sel l alu patuh pa l da sistem pe l rpajakan, tam l bahan kembali l sank l si juga l harus obj l ektif propo l rsional adil k l epada selur l uh Wa l jib Pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 471, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor l rata-rata l sebesar l 3,63 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa Preferensi Risiko di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur Tinggi sehingga l dapat meningkatkan l tingkat kepatuhan l wajib l pajak. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 30 (30%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi pada risiko sosial pada item pernyataan no 5 dengan pernyataan Perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan l wajib l pajak, hal ini l menunjukkan bahwa l preferensi risiko mempengaruhi Sanksi Perpajakan wajib l pajak l orang pribadi l pada KPP l Pratama Medan l Timur l dalam mematuhi perubahan kebijakan pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 471, "height": 90, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada Risiko Keselamatan dengan item pernyataan No. 9 yaitu ll Keselamatan dalam l bekerja dapat l mempengaruhi seseorang l sebagai wajib l pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,960, hal ini menujukkan bahwa Keselamatan dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi sanksi perpajakan waj l ib pajak oran l g pribadi d l i KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur dala l m membayar pajak. Sedangkan untuk nilai cross loading terendah pada Risiko Keuangan dengan item pernyataan No. 2 l yaitu W l ajib paj l ak yang ber l wirausaha mem l pengaruhi kepatuh l an waji l b pajak dalam melaporkan pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,824. Ha l l ini menunju l kkan bahwa l sanksi perp l ajakan wajib pajak l orang prib l adi KPP Pratama M l edan Timur masih rendah terkait risiko keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil ini l sejalan l dengan pe l nelitian yang di l lakukan o l leh (Wulandari, 2020) yang menyatakan bahwa Pr l eferensi risik l o memoder l asi hubungan san l ksi perpa l jakan terhadap l kepatu l han WP. D l engan de l mikian, WP l aka l n patu l h jika ter l dapat sa l nksi yan l g meng l ikat serta W l P harus l memperha l tikan dalam pela l ksanaan ba l yar pajak ialah risiko.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 104, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 473, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesadar l an Wajib Pajak l berpenga l ruh terhad l ap kepatu l han wajib p l ajak. Sema l kin ting l gi kesadar l an wajib pa l jak maka sem l akin ting l gi kepa l tuhan wajib p l ajak di K l PP Pratam l a Med l an Timur. Penget l ahuan Perpajak l an berpeng l aruh terhadap kep l atuhan wajib l pajak. Sem l akin baik P l engetahuan Perpa l jakan maka s l emakin tin l ggi kepatuh l an wajib paj l ak di KPP P l ratama M l edan Timur. San l ksi Perpa l jakan berpengar l uh terhad l ap kepatu l han wa l jib pajak. Semakin l setuju l Wajib pajak l dengan sanks l i perpajakan mak l a semakin tin l ggi kepat l uhan wajib l pajak l di KPP P l ratama M l edan Timur. Prefere l nsi Risiko tida l k dapat m l emoderasi pen l garuh Kesada l ran Wajib l Pajak ter l hadap kep l atuhan Wajib Pajak. Sem l akin tinggi pr l eferensi risiko l seseora l ng maka l akan semak l in rendah kes l adaran w l ajib paja l k s l ehingga tingk l at kepatu l han wajib l pajak juga aka l n rendah. Prefere l nsi Risiko l dapat memod l erasi pe l ngaruh peng l etahuan terhada l p", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 346 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 44, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepat l uhan Wajib l Pajak. l Semakin ting l gi pre l ferensi risiko s l eseorang m l aka aka l n semaki l n tinggi l pengetahuan per l pajakan w l ajib pajak sehin l gga ting l kat kepatuh l an wajib p l ajak juga l akan l tinggi. Pr l eferensi Risik l o dapat l memoderasi p l engaruh Sank l si Perpa l jakan terh l adap kep l atuhan Wajib l Pajak. Se l makin tinggi prefe l rensi risiko ses l eorang maka l akan sem l akin tinggi l sanksi perpaj l akan sehingga l tingkat ke l patuhan wajib paja l k juga aka l n tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 90, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 160, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anam, M. C., Andini, R., & Hartono. (2016). Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Pelayanan Fiskus Dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Yang Melakukan Kegiatan Usaha Dan Pekerjaan Bebas Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi di KPP Pratama Salatiga).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arisandy, N. (2017). Pengaruh Pemahaman Wajib Pajak, Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Yang Melakukan Kegiatan Bisnis Online Di Pekanbaru. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 14(1), 62– 71.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Brata, J. D., Yuningsih, I., & Kesuma, A. I. (2017). 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15608a7d-fe62-103e-35f7-3d19dd4d1552	https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/agritepa/article/download/725/622	[ { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "144", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 75, "width": 401, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "OPTIMASI RASIO TEPUNG TERIGU, TEPUNG PISANG DAN TEPUNG UMBI TALAS SERTA ZAT ADITIF PADA PEMBUATAN MIE BASAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 116, "width": 452, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RATIO OPTIMIZATION OF WHEAT FLOUR, BANANA FLOUR, TARO FLOUR AND ADDITIVES SUBSTANCE IN PROCESSING OF WET NOODLE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 168, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahyudi 1)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 181, "width": 433, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Program Studi Teknologi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 252, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 454, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mie biasanya terdiri dari tepung terigu, Penggunaan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas bertujuan untuk dapat tetap menghasilkan mie dengan struktur mikro dan cita rasa yang sama dengan mie berbasis tepung terigu, maka perlu dicari bahan untuk mensubstitusi fungsi gluten tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggaruh meggunakan CMC dan karagenan terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, elastisitas mutu organoleptik mie basah. Penelitian ini dilakukan 3 tahap, yaitu tahap pengolahan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas, tahap pengolahan mie basah dan tahap analisis. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 perlakuan dan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu: tepung pisang: tepung umbi talas dan perlakuan penggunaan zat aditif. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisa kadar air, kadar abu, elastisitas dan uji organoleptik mie basah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisa kadar air, kadar abu, elastisitas mie basah menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat signifikasi 5%. Dengan nilai kadar air 48,89% hingga 56,15%, kadar abu 1,26% hingga 3,07 dan elastisitas 2,54 hingga 3,45. Hasil analisa uji organoleptik menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap warna, rasa, tekstur, dan aroma pada tingkat singnifikasi 5%. Dengan skala nilai rasa mie basah 3,2 hingga 3,95, warna mie basah 3,35 hingga 4,25, aroma mie basah 3,45 hingga 4,05, tekstur mie basah 3,2 hingga 3,75.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 368, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : mie basah, tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 556, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 583, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noodle usually consists of wheat flour. The use of banana flour and taro tuber flour aim to produce noodles with microstructure and similar taste to wheat flour-based noodles. It is necessary to find materials to substitute the function of the gluten. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to know the effect of using CMC and karagen on water content, ash content, wet noodle elasticity of the organoleptic quality. This research was conducted three steps, namely banana and tuber taro flour processing, wet noodle processing and analisis step. This study consisted of two treatment, such as: comparison treatment wheat flour : banana flour : taro tuber flour and additives substance treatment. The analysis was conducted such as water content, ash content, elasticity and organoleptic test of wet noodle.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 708, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results of analysis water content, ash content, elasticity of wet noodle showed differences at 5% significance level. In water content 48.89% to 56.15%, ash content of 1.26% up to 3.07 and elasticity 2.54 to 3.45. The results of organoleptic tests showed significant effect on the color, taste, texture and flavor at 5% significance level. In the scale", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "145", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of wet noodles taste between 3.2 and 3.95, the color 3.35 to 4.25, the flavor 3.45 to 4.05 and the texture of wet noodles 3.2 to 3.75.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 343, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: wet noodles, wheat flour, banana flour and taro tuber flour.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 177, "width": 208, "height": 259, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diversifikasi pangan di Indonesia menjadi masalah penting bagi masyarakat maupun pemerintah (Suyastiri, 2008). Selain untuk mempertahankan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia, diversifikasi pangan berperan juga dalam meningkatkan gizi pangan dan nilai tambah dari berbagai komoditi. Mengingat kekayaan Indonesia akan komoditi - komoditi pangan, maka perlu dikembangkan produksi makanan dari sumber-sumber yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan dan nutrisinya cukup baik (Antarlina dan Utomo, 1997).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 446, "width": 208, "height": 321, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena alasan tekstur dan cita rasa, mie umumnya dibuat dari tepung terigu yang nilai Glycemix Index- nya tinggi (85). GI yang tinggi menaikkan kadar gula darah dengan cepat yang mendorong pada kegemukan. Dari sekian banyak sumber karbohidrat, dipilih tepung pisang dan umbi talas dengan nilai GI lebih rendah (56 dan 61) ( Chandler, 1995), yang dapat memperlambat pelepasan kadar gula darah sehingga dapat bertahan cukup lama di usus besar ( resistant starch tinggi). Bahan baku ini harganya murah dan produksinya masih dapat ditingkatkan karena budidayanya mudah. Pertimbangan lain, pisang dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 156, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "umbi talas memiliki kandungan nilai gizi dan serat yang baik (FAO, 1990).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 197, "width": 211, "height": 446, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal yang membedakan tepung terigu dengan tepung lain adalah gluten yang menentukan sifat rheologi dan tekstur adonan mie. Untuk dapat tetap menghasilkan mie dengan struktur mikro dan cita rasa yang sama dengan mie berbasis tepung terigu, maka perlu dicari bahan untuk mensubstitusi fungsi gluten tersebut (Astawan, 2008). Dengan dapat dikembangkannya tepung pisang dan umbi talas sebagai bahan baku pembuatan mie. Penggunaan CMC sebesar 1,5 % akan dapat meningkatkan kekenyalan dan keliatan, tidak lengket dan licin. CMC juga berfungsi agar mie menjadi lebih elastis dan tidak mudah menjadi bubur apabila mie dimasak ( Suyastiri, 2008). Penambahan karagenan pada mie basah dapat meningkatkan kekenyalan karena mampu berinteraksi dengan makro molekul sehingga mampu membentuk gel (FAO, 1990).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 674, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 694, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 715, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan baku pembuat adonan mie yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pisang, umbi talas, tepung terigu, air,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "146", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "telur, garam dan minyak goreng.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara, zat aditif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menggantikan fungsi gluten adalah CMC dan karagenan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralatan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralatan utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu mixer, neraca, dryer , blender alat pembuat mie (ekstruder sederhana dan roller ), saringan dan kompor. Untuk analisis, digunakan peralatan pendukung berupa texture analyzer , hot plate , dan moisture analyzer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 208, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan dalam pembuatan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 447, "width": 201, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pisang atau umbi talas yang sudah cukup matang atau tua, dan yang berkualitas baik tanpa cacat. dikupas kulitnya dan potong-potong dengan ketebalan + 3 mm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 551, "width": 201, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kemudian direndam di dalam 2 liter air yang telah dicampurkan dengan 1,5 g sodium metabisulfit. Durasi perendaman selama 10 menit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 634, "width": 187, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perendaman ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menghilangkan getah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 675, "width": 201, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Setelah 10 menit, potongan pisang ditiriskan dalam sebuah wadah yang berpori.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 75, "width": 201, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Setelah bersih dari larutan rendaman, dijemur di bawah terik sinar matahari.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 116, "width": 154, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjemuran kurang lebih 2 hari.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 137, "width": 201, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Setelah kering sempurna, bahan kemudian digiling atau dihaluskan dengan menggunakan blender.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 199, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Proses pengayakan menggunakan 80", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 220, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mesh jadilah tepung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 261, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Pengolahan Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 208, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan mie basah dengan variasi perlakuan bahan baku yaitu komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan . Proses pengolahan mie basah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 406, "width": 202, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tepung terigu dicampur dengan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan komposisi sesuai perlakuan. Kemudian ditambah garam 10 g, telur 1 butir air 200 ml dan 1,5 % zat aditif (CMC atau Karagenan) hingga membentuk adonan yang kalis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 551, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pembentukan lembaran mie,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 572, "width": 187, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan roll press . Kemudian dilakukan pembaluran dengan tepung terigu sebanyak 50 g dengan tujuan agar mie yang dihasilkan dapat terpisah satu sama lainnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 675, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pencetakan mie, dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 696, "width": 187, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan alat cetak mie d. Perebusan, dilakukan selama 3 menit dalam air panas dengan suhu 90 0 C", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "147", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 75, "width": 201, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Penirisan dan pembaluran, setelah proses perebusan kemudian dilakukan penirisan dan pembaluran dengan minyak goreng 30 ml.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlakuan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 208, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan komposisi tepung dan penambahan zat aditif dengan uraian berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Variasi perlakuan komposisi tepung :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 302, "width": 172, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T1 : Terigu, pisang dan umbi talas ( 100 g, 200 g, 300 g ) T2 : Terigu, pisang dan umbi talas ( 200 g, 300 g, 100 g ) T3 : Terigu, pisang dan umbi talas ( 300 g, 100 g, 200 g )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 427, "width": 208, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Variasi perlakuan penambahan zat aditif :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 468, "width": 114, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P1 : CMC 1,5 % P2 : Karagenan 1,5 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 530, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 551, "width": 208, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis penelitian yaitu dengan menganalisis kadar air, kadar abu dan elastisitas mie basah yang dihasilkan serta dilakukan uji organoleptik dengan parameter warna, rasa, tekstur, dan aroma dengan 20 panelis terlatih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 696, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Rendemen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen adalah peresentase produk yang didapatkan dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membandingkan berat awal bahan dengan berat akhirnya. Sehingga dapat diketahui kehilangan beratnya proses pengolahan. Rendeman didapatkan dengan cara (menghitung) menimbang berat akhir bahan yang dihasilkan dari proses dibandingkan dengan berat bahan awal sebelum mengalami proses. (Mushollaeni, 2006)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen Tepung Pisang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 302, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan tepung pisang dilakukan menggunakan 3000 g Pisang Ambon mengkal melalui proses pengirisan, penjemuran dan pengayakan sehingga dihasilkan tepung pisang sebanyak 1000 g. Sehingga diperoleh rendemen sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 447, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen = 1000 x 100 % = 33,33 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 382, "top": 468, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3000", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 489, "width": 208, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil perhitungan rendemen pengolahan tepung pisang di atas bisa diketahui bahwa pengolahan tepung pisang menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 33,33 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 613, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen Tepung Umbi Talas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 634, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan tepung umbi talas dilakukan menggunakan 3000 g umbi talas melalui proses pengirisan, penjemuran dan pengayakan sehingga dihasilkan tepung umbi talas sebanyak 1000 g. Sehingga diperoleh rendemen sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "148", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen = 1000 x 100 % = 33,33 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3000 Dari hasil perhitungan rendemen pengolahan tepung umbi talas di atas bisa diketahui bahwa pengolahan tepung umbi talas menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 33,33 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen Pengolahan Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan mie basah menggunakan tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas digunakan 600 g, sehingga dihasilkan mie basah sebanyak 1000 g. Sehingga diperoleh rendemen sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen = 1000 x 100 % = 166,66 % 600 Dari hasil perhitungan rendemen pengolahan mie basah di atas bisa diketahui bahwa pengolahan mie basah menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 166,66 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 551, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Kadar Air Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 572, "width": 208, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Air merupakan komponen penting dalam bahan makanan, karena dapat mempengaruhi penampakan, tekstur, serta cita rasa makanan. Kandungan air dalam makanan itu menentukan acceptability, kesegaran daya tahan bahan (Winarno, 2004). Walaupun air bukan merupakan sumber nutrien, tetapi sangat esensial dalam proses biokimiawi organisme hidup. Oleh karena itu, kadar air dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bahan pangan sangat menentukan sifat fisik, kimia, organoleptik dan umur simpan bahan pangan yang bersangkutan. Hasil analisis kadar air mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang, dan tepung umbi talas dapat dilihat pada tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 220, "width": 208, "height": 528, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis kadar air mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 51,11% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 56,15% perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 53,30% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 51,46% ,dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 54,31% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 48,89. Kadar air pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas belum sesuai standar SNI (1992) yaitu kandungan kadar air mie basah berkisar antara 20% hingga 35%. Pada penelitian ini kadar air mie basah tidak memenuhi standar SNI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "149", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 465, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Nilai Rerata Analisis Kadar Air Mie Basah (%) Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 51,11 b 53,30 b 54,31 a Karagenan (1,5%) 56,15 a 51,46 b 48,89 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 201, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada tarif signifikasi 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 259, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Kadar Abu Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar abu merupakan campuran dari komponen anorganik atau mineral yang terdapat pada suatu bahan pangan. Bahan pangan terdiri dari 96% bahan anorganik dan air, sedangkan sisanya merupakan unsur – unsur mineral.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 211, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unsur juga dikenal sebagai zat organik atau kadar abu. Kadar abu tersebut dapat menunjukkan total mineral dalam suatu bahan pangan. Bahan – bahan organik dalam proses pembakaran akan terbakar tetapi komponen anorganiknya tidak, karena itulah disebut sebagai kadar abu (Zahro, 2013). Penentuan kadar abu total", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 258, "width": 208, "height": 301, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bertujuan untuk menentukan baik atau tidaknya suatu pengolahan, mengetahui jenis bahan yang digunakan, dan sebagai penentu parameter nilai gizi suatu bahan makanan. Abu adalah zat anorganik sisa hasil pembakaran suatu bahan organik. penentuan kadar abu berhubungan erat dengan kandungan mineral yang terdapat dalam suatu bahan, kemurnian serta kebersihan suatu bahan yang dihasilkan (Zahro, 2013). Hasil analisa terhadap kadar abu mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 590, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Nilai Rerata Analisis Kadar Abu Mie Basah (%)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 437, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 1,73 a 3,07 a 2,02 a Karagenan (1,5%) 1,59 a 2,01 a 1,26 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 695, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada tarif signifikasi 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "150", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 383, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis kadar abu mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis kadar abu mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 1,73% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 1,59%, perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,07% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 2,01%, dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 2,02% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 1,26%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 208, "height": 301, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis kadar abu mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang, dan tepung umbi talas sesuai dengan standar SNI (1992) dimana kandungan kadar abu maksimum yaitu 3%, sedangkan pada perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas kandungan kadar abu berkisar antara 1,26 % hingga 3,07%. Kadar abu adalah zat anorganik hasil pembakaran suatu bahan organik dimana kadar abu tersebut berhubungan dengan mineral suatu bahan yang dipengaruhi oleh varitas dan bagian tanaman yang digunakan (Sudarmadji et al .,1989).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 197, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat aditif adalah zat yang ditambahkan ke dalam makanan sebagai hasil dari berbagai tahap pengolahan, penyimpanan, maupun pengemasan. Zat aditif berperan sebagai bentuk modifikasi bahan-bahan yang secara alamiah ada dalam bahan makanan sebelumnya. Penambahan zat aditif berupa CMC dan karagenan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar abu mie basah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 303, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Elastisitas Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 323, "width": 208, "height": 260, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elastisitas mie basah dalam penelitian ini diketahui melalui akumulasi waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh mie untuk menahan beban 0,58 g yang diberikan sampai mie tersebut putus, semakin lama waktu yang dibutuhkan mie untuk menahan beban sampai mie tersebut putus maka semakin elastis mie yang dihasilkan. Hasil analisis waktu putus mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 592, "width": 217, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis elastisitas mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak beda nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis elastisitas mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "151", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 197, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "300 g) dengan CMC 1,5% yaitu 2,85 dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 2,54, perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,25 dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 2,95, dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,45 dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 282, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian Jaka (2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 300, "width": 208, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang berjudul “Subtitusi Umbi Gadung pada", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 321, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggolahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 321, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mie", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 321, "width": 208, "height": 241, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basah” kekenyalan mie basah dapat diketahui melalui akumulasi waktu yang dibutuhkan mie untuk terputus, semakin lama waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh mie untuk menahan beban 0,58 g yang diberikan sampai mie tersebut putus maka semakin elastis mie yang dihasilkan. Hasil analisa terhadap waktu putus mie dengan subtitusi tepung gadung perlakuan garam dan perlakuan abu dan dapat dilihat perbedaan yang tidak nyata terhadap analisa elastisitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 218, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "setiap subtitusi tepung gadung perlakuan garam dan perlakuan abu pada pengolahan mie basah pada taraf 5%. Subtitusi tepung gadung perlakuan garam 400 gr : 300 gr: 200 gr, menunjukkan waktu putus 3,45 detik, 3,25 detik, 2,85 detik, dan tepung gadung perlakuan g semakin tinggi tepung gadung semakin elastis. Penelitian tersebut senada dengan hasil penelitian ini menunjukan nilai elastisitas mie berkisar antara 2,54 sampai 3,45.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 302, "width": 209, "height": 260, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tepung terigu banyak mengandung gluten atau protein terigu. gluten terdiri dari protein gliadin dan glutenin. Gliadin berfungsi sebagai perekat dan menjadikan adonan lebis elastis sedangkan glutenin berfungsi menjadikan adonan tetap kokoh dan menahan gas CO 2 sehingga adonan dapat mengembang serta berbentuk pori-pori (Anonim,2008), nilai elastisitas mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung gadung dalam penelitian ini bekisar antara 2,54 sampai 3,45 detik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 592, "width": 305, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Nilai Rerata Analisis Elastisitas Mie Basah (Detik)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 614, "width": 436, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 2,85 a 3,25 a 3,45 a Karagenan (1,5%) 2,54 a 2,95 a 3,12 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 698, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada tarif signifikasi 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "152", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 75, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini senada hasil penelitian Siti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 198, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permatasari dkk tahun ( 2009), menyatakan elastisitas mie basah dengan perlakuan tupung talas. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Anonim (2006) yang menyatakan bahwa subtitusi atau campuran tepung lain pada produk mie yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan produk mie akan mudah putus karena kandungan gluten menurun. Tepung terigu banyak mengandung gluten atau protein terigu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gluten terdiri dari protein gliadin dan glutenin. Gliadin berfungsi sebagai perekat dan menjadikan adonan lebih elastis sedangkan glutenin berfungsi menjadikan adonan tetap kokoh dan menahan gas CO 2 sehingga adonan dapat mengembang serta terbentuk pori-pori (Anonim, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 208, "height": 301, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh rasio tepung yang digunakan juga berhubungan dengan ukuran granula pati. Ukuran granula pati gandum berukuran 2-35 μm, granula pati umbi jalar berukuran 16- 25 μm, sedangkan granula pati pisang berukuran 35-55 μm (Knight, 1969). Dapat dilihat bahwa ukuran granula terbesar terdapat pada pati pisang. Hal ini menyebabkan pati pisang dapat menyerap air lebih banyak, sehingga memberikan tingkat kekerasan mie yang lebih rapuh. Oleh karena itu, komposisi tepung yang mengandung campuran tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas yang lebih banyak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 209, "height": 176, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyebabkan tingkat elastisitas mie semakin rapuh. Berkurangnya jumlah tepung terigu yang digunakan mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan elastisitas mie basah. Zat aditif yang ditambahkan berada pada rentang yang relatif kecil (1%-2%) sehingga perubahannya pada tingkat kekerasan mie tidak terlalu terlihat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Warna Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 302, "width": 208, "height": 198, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Warna merupakan parameter organoleptik yang penting dalam suatu produk makanan. Warna merupakan parameter pertama yang menentukan tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap suatu produk. Hasil rerata uji organoleptik warna mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 509, "width": 208, "height": 260, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. menjelaskan hasil rerata uji organoleptik warna terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata uji organoleptik warna mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,75 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) 4,1 (suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "153", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 4,25 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,35 (agak suka), dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,5 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,6 (suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap warna mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung talas serta penambahan CMC 1,5% dan karagenan 1,5% berkisar antara 3,35 (agak suka) hingga 4,25 (suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 208, "height": 155, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan umbi talas (200 g : 300 g : 100 g) dengan CMC ( 1,5 %) menunjukkan penilaian tertinggi yaitu 4,25 berada pada skala suka, warna mie basah lebih di sukai karena penambahan tepung talas dengan jumlah sedikit yaitu 100 gr pada perlakuan menyebabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "warna mie sedikit kekuningan karena komposisi tepung terigu dan tepung pisang lebih tinggi yaitu 200 g dan 300 g). Warna tepung talas yag dihasilkan berwarna kecoklatan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi warna mie basah yang dihasilkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 241, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Rasa Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 261, "width": 208, "height": 259, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji organoleptik merupakan salah satu cara penilaian terhadap suatu produk makanan yang dilakukan oleh manusia sebagai pengukuran dengan menggunakan panca-inderanya. Cita rasa merupakan suatu kesan yang diterima melalui saraf indera pengecapan, yaitu lidah. Sebagai hasil hadirnya senyawa-senyawa yang larut dalam air (Zahro, 2013). Hasil rerata uji organoleptik rasa mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 551, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Warna Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 437, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,7 a 4,25 a 3,5 b Karagenan (1,5%) 4,1 a 3,35 b 3,6 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 657, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "154", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 75, "width": 442, "height": 96, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Rasa Mie Basah Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,2 b 3,7 b 3,8 a Karagenan (1,5%) 3,95 a 3,55 b 3,5 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 181, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 208, "height": 487, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. menjelaskan hasil rerata uji organoleptik rasa terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu 100 g, pisang 200 g dan umbi talas 300 g serta penambahan CMC 1,5% menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap perlakuan perbandingan konsetrasi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan 1,5% pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata uji organoleptik rasa mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,2 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,95 (suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,7 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,55 (suka), dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,8 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,5 (agak suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 243, "width": 209, "height": 383, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap rasa mie basah dengan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar antara 3,2 hingga 3,95 berada pada skala agak suka dan suka. Rasa mie basah yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan tepung lain seperti tepung pisang dan tepung talas menunjukkan rasa yang sedikit berbeda dari pembuatan mie pada umumnya dengan menggunakan bahan baku tepung terigu sehingga rasa mie masih terasa asing oleh panelis yang menunjukkan penilaian pada rasa berada pada skala agak suka. Rasa, aroma, warna serta penampilan makanan akan mempengaruhi tingkat kesukaan masyarakat terhadap makanan (Winarno dan Rahayu, 1994)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 657, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Aroma Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 678, "width": 208, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Winarno (1997) menyatakan bahwa diterima atau tidaknya makanan ditentukan oleh aromanya, dalam industri pangan uji aroma sangat penting karna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "155", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat menentukan hasil penilaian konsumen terhadap produk yang dihasilkan. Aroma juga dapat menjadi penentu kerusakan pada produk yang akan dihasilkan. Hasil rerata uji organoleptik aroma mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan cmc dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 208, "height": 322, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. menjelaskan hasil rerata uji organoletik aroma terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak beda nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata uji organoleptik aroma mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,45 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,46 (agak suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 4,05 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,8 (suka), dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 259, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,5 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,55 (suka). Hasil uji organoleptik aroma mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung ubi talas serta penambahan CMC 1,5% dan karagenan 1,5% berkisar antara 3,45 berada pada skala agak suka hingga 4,05 berada pada skala suka. Karena pisang memiliki aroma yang has dan sanggat di sukai aromanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 344, "width": 208, "height": 218, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilain terhadap aroma mie basah dengan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas (200 g : 300 g : 100 g) menunjukkan penilaian yang tinggi yaitu 4,05 (suka). Penambahan zat aditif berupa CMC dan karagenan dengan konsentrasi rendah yaitu 1,5% tidak mempengaruhi aroma mie basah. Karena CMC dan karagenan adalah zat penambah jadi tidak mempenggaruhi aroma pada mie basah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 613, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Aroma Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 634, "width": 435, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,45 b 4,05 a 3,5 b Karagenan (1,5%) 3,4 b 3,8 b 3,55 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 719, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "156", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Tekstur Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil rerata uji organoleptik tekstur mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan cmc dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 208, "height": 363, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak beda nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis tekstur mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,4 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,65 (suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,75 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,2 (agak suka), dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) 3,28 (agak suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 116, "width": 209, "height": 467, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap tekstur mie basah degan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC 1,5% dan karagenan 1,5% berkisar antara 3,2 berada pada skala agak suka hingga 3,75 berada pada skala suka. Tekstur mie basah dapat dipengaruhi oleh penambahan tepung lain selain tepung terigu yaitu penambahan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas. Tan (2009) yang menyatakan bahwa subtitusi atau campuran tepung lain pada prodak mie yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan produk mie akan mudah putus karena kandungan gluten menurun. Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap mie basah yang menunujukan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada mie basah dengan perlakuan jenis tepung dan jenis zat aditif yaitu CMC dan karagenan, sesuai dengan hasil analisis elastisitas mie basah berkisar antara 2,85 hingga 3,45 yang menunjukkan tidak beda nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 613, "width": 302, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Tekstur Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 634, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,4 a 3,75 a 3,7 a Karagenan (1,5%) 3,65 a 3,2 a 3,28 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 719, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "157", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 653, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis kadar air pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar anatar 48,89% hingga 56,15% menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Hasil analisis kadar abu pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar antar 1,26% hingga 3,07% menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Hasil analisis elastisitas pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar antara 2,54 hingga 3,45 menunjukka tidak beda nyata. Hasil uji organoleptik mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan terhadap penilaian rasa berkisar antara 3,2 (agak suka) hingga 3,95 (suka), penilain warna berkisar antara 3,35 (agak suka) hingga 4,25 (suka), dan penilaian aroma berkisar antara 3,45 (agak suka) hingga 4,05 (suka) menunujukkan perbedaan yang nyata sedangkan uji organoleptik terhadap tekstur mie basah berkisar anatar 3,2 (agak suka) hingga 3,75 (suka) menunjukkan tidak beda nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 102, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Antarlina, S. S. dan Utomo, J. S., 1997.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 116, "width": 209, "height": 135, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Pembuatan dan Penggunaan Tepung Umbi Talas Untuk Produk Pangan. Dalam Edisi Khusus Balitkabi 15-1999. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, Akses : 24 November 2011 , http://www.ajofai.info Astawan, Made. 2008. Membuat Mie dan Bihun. Jakarta : Penebar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 368, "top": 254, "width": 158, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swadaya. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.2010. Data Produksi Pisang dan Umbi Talas di Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 309, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bello-Perez , L.A., Y. Pano de Leon, E. AgamaAcevedo and O . Paredes- Lopez. 1999. Isolation and partial characterization of amaranth and banana starches.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 378, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Starch/Starke. 50(10): 409-413.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 392, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chandler S. 1995. The Nutritional Value of Bananas. Pp. 468-480 in Bananas and Plantains (S. Gowen, ed.). Chapman and Hall, UK.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 461, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chang, S. M., & Liu, L. C. (1991).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 475, "width": 158, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Retrogradation of Rice Starches Studies by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 368, "top": 516, "width": 158, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Influence of Sugars, NaCl and lipids. Journal of Food Science, 56, 564–566.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 558, "width": 208, "height": 93, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chen, Z., Sagis, L., Legger, A., Linssen, J. P. H., Schols, H. A., & Voragen, A. G. J. (2002). Evaluation of Starch Noodles Made from Three Typical Chinese Sweet Potato Starches. Journal of Food Science, 67(9),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 654, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3342–3347", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 668, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chen, Z., Schols, H. A., & Voragen, A. G.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 368, "top": 682, "width": 159, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. (2003b). Starch Granule Size Strongly Determines Starch Noodle Processing and Noodle Quality. 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52874061-d875-52b2-fb1b-af4b8aee575d	http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik/article/download/175/157	[ { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 117, "width": 405, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 180, "width": 406, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriani Arisa Safitri 1 , Alvi Dwi Ningrum 2 , Muhammad Rizky Utama 3 , M.Ainul Yaqin 4 1,2,3,4 Teknik Informatika, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 203, "width": 330, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ibrahim Malang Jl. Gajayana No.50, Dinoyo, Kec. Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur 65144", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 227, "width": 336, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected],", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 238, "width": 296, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 [email protected], 4 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 262, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 427, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Quality schools are schools that are able to implement 8 Standards of National Education Standards set by the Government. These standards are made so that schools are capable of conducting good and qualified teaching and learning activities in all fields of education. Until the school can achieve maximum results from the standards given. In achieving that there are things that need to be done beforehand, namely school needs analysis. From the analysis it can be seen the growth of school needs. Growth in school needs is needed as a key to achieving quality schools. This research uses graphs to illustrate every growth that occurs in a school with the criteria for increasing students. The method used for data processing uses AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 379, "width": 315, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), Growth, Requirement, School", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 403, "width": 38, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 428, "height": 118, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah yang berkualitas adalah sekolah yang mampu menerapkan 8 Standar dari Standar Nasional Pendidikan yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah. Standar tersebut dibuat agar sekolah mampu dalam melakukan aktivitas belajar mengajar yang baik dan mumpuni di segala bidang pendidikan. Hingga sekolah dapat mencapai hasil maksimal dari standar yang diberikan. Dalam mencapai hal itu terdapat hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan sebelumnya, yaitu analisis kebutuhan sekolah. Dari analisis dapat diketahui pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah. Pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah sangat diperlukan sebagai kunci untuk mencapai sekolah yang berkualitas. Dipenelitian ini menggunakan graph untuk menggambarkan setiap pertumbuhan yang terjadi disekolah dengan kriteria pertambahan siswa. Metode yang digunakan untuk proses pengolahan data menggunakan AHP (Analytic Hierarchi Process).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 343, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), Kebutuhan, Pertumbuhan, Sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 99, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap organisasi pendidikan sangat membutuhkan analisis pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah untuk meningkatkan kualitas sekolah supaya bisa memenuhi Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP). Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) adalah kriteria minimal tentang sistem pendidikan di seluruh wilayah hukum Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Standar nasional pendidikan terdiri atas standar isi, proses, kompetensi lulusan, tenaga kependidikan, sarana dan prasarana, pengelolaan, pembiayaan, dan penilaian pendidikan yang harus ditingkatkan secara berencana dan berkala yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 tahun 2005 [1]. Dalam pertumbuhan kebutuhan tersebut, terdapat 8 Standar yang ditetapkan didalam SNP. Tentu saja, sekolah harus mempunyai kualitas yang baik, karena sekolah sebagai sarana belajar bagi siswa-siswi bangsa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 110", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 430, "height": 211, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas yang baik berguna untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran yang dapat diberikan sekolah kepada siswa-siswinya, sehingga mereka lebih mendapatkan ilmu yang baik pula. Untuk mendapatkan sekolah berkualitas yang sesuai dengan SNP, tidak serta merta terjadi begitu saja. Banyak hal yang harus dilakukan oleh sekolah sebelumnya. Seperti, peninjauan kurikulum, pembangunan fasilitas sekolah dan lain lain. Dengan begitu, diharapkan dengan peninjauan yang terus dilakukan, sekolah bisa mencapai hasil maksimal. Kebutuhan-kebutuhan sebelumnya itulah yang menciptakan adanya pertumbuhan sekolah. Untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah diperlukan analisis mulai dari kebutuhan minimal dari berlangsungnya sekolah hingga kebutuhan maksimal yang harus dicapai sekolah. Pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah ini akan digunakan untuk mengetahui proses pertumbuhan dari sekolah dan mendapatkan nilai pertumbuhan. Dalam hal ini diperlukan perhitungan pertumbuhan sekolah yang menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 428, "height": 253, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AHP ( Analytic Hierarchy Process ) adalah suatu teori umum tentang pengukuran yang digunakan untuk menemukan skala rasio, baik dari perbandingan berpasangan yang diskrit maupun kontinyu. AHP menguraikan masalah multi faktor atau multi kriteria yang kompleks menjadi suatu hirarki. Hirarki didefinisikan sebagai suatu representasi dari sebuah permasalahan yang kompleks dalam suatu struktur multi level dimana level pertama adalah tujuan, yang diikuti level faktor, kriteria, sub kriteria, dan seterusnya ke bawah hingga level terakhir dari alternatif. Dengan hirarki, suatu masalah yang kompleks dapat diuraikan ke dalam kelompok-kelompoknya yang kemudian diatur menjadi suatu bentuk hirarki sehingga permasalahan akan tampak lebih terstruktur dan sistematis [2]. Jurnal ini bertujuan menggambarkan arsitektur visi dan arsitektur bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret sebagai bagian dari tahapan perencanaan arsitektur enterprise Universitas Sebelas Maret dengan menggunakan framework TOGAF. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa principal catalog untuk arsitektut enterprise UNS, arsitektur visi Universitas Sebelas Maret yang terdiri dari Value Chain Diagram, Stakeholder Map Matrix, Solution Concept Diagram dan arsitektur bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret yang terdiri dari business process diagram dan functional decomposition diagram [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 428, "height": 169, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian untuk rancangan sistem informasi yang akan digunakan sebagai pendukung pemenuhan standar nasional pendidikan di Sekolah dan Sekolah memiliki Blue Print atau Model Arsitektur Enterprise yang dapat digunakan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan sistem informasi [4]. Pemodelan teknologi informasi dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan Enterprise Architecture menggunakan Enterprise Architecture Framework, yaitu dengan menggunakan Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework. Pemodelan teknologi informasi ini ditinjau dari designer perspective yang menghasilkan work products yang berfokus pada desain proses, model informasi, komponen dan desain aplikasi pada Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan.Hasil penelitian ini berupa dokumen pemodelan EA yang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk dapat menentukan future state dan strategi yang dilakukan pada Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 111", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 160, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 428, "height": 211, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arsitektur bisnis direpresentasikan dalam bentuk struktur organisasi, deskripsi kerja, prosedur operasi baku, dan model proses bisnis. Dalam struktur organisasi terdapat deskripsi kerja dalam setiap bagian di dalamnya. Setiap deskripsi kerja mempunyai kebutuhan dalam pelaksanaannya. Kebutuhan- kebutuhan tersebut juga dapat dijadikan metrik pengukuran skala dan kompleksitas organisasi. Kebutuhan-kebutuhan tersebut meliputi bahan atau material, personil, peralatan, metode atau prosedur kerja, dan uang. Kebutuhan- kebutuhan tersebut merepresentasikan perencanaan produksi, sehingga pada setiap deskripsi kerja tersebut ada target kerjanya. Prosedur operasi baku merupakan salah satu komponen dalam perhitungan skala deskripsi kerja. Setiap deskripsi kerja memiliki prosedur operasi baku untuk melaksanakannya. Prosedur operasi baku direpresentasikan dalam bentuk model proses bisnis. Model proses bisnis dinotasikan dengan BPMN. Dengan demikian skala dan kompleksitas untuk arsitektur bisnis dapat diukur melalui metrik- metrik yang didapatkan dari struktur organisasi dan model proses bisnis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Struktur organisasi seringkali direpresentasikan dalam bentuk tree. Metrik- metrik yang digunakan untuk mengukur skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi didapatkan melalui tree tersebut. Metrik- metrik tersebut adalah jumlah node, jumlah edge, kedalaman rata-rata (average depth), dan weight. Dengan metode AHP didapatkan formula skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi (��).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "�� = (0.5 ∙ ∑ ��) + (0.23 ∙ ��) + (0.17 ∙ �� ℎ ) + (0.055 ∙ �� ℎ �)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 497, "width": 195, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Representasi tree formula ini adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 529, "width": 372, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAscale OCscale JDscale 25 75 Node Edge AvgDepth Weight 56.5 5.5 26.2 11.8 BPMscale P A M B 51.3 26.2 12.9 6.3 3.3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 237, "top": 605, "width": 124, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Tabel Graph", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 154, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 3.1. Pertumbuhan 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 1, ditentukan minimal requirement yang ada dalam sekolah. Minimal requirement sebagai kebutuhan yang paling awal yang dibutuhkan untuk berjalannya sebuah sekolah. Di dalamnya ditentukan sebanyak 32 siswa. Akomodasi berupa lab. komputer, lab. IPA, kamar mandi, dan kelas masing2 diberikan 1 ruangan. Pengajar masih hanya guru dan diberikan 2 guru saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK) Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 112", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 294, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Pertumbuhan 1", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2. Pertumbuhan 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 2, terlihat pertumbuhan yang terjadi pada sekolah dengan peningkatan jumlah siswa dari pertumbuhan 1 yang sebesar 32 siswa menjadi 64 siswa. Akomodasi juga bertambah ruang kamar mandi dan kelas sebanyak 2 buah. Begitu juga dengan guru yang bertambah sebanyak 4 orang. Terdapat pula penambahan fasilitas lain pada sekolah dalam sektor kesehatan dan keamanan. Dalam sektor kesehatan terdapat UKS dan petugas medis. Dalam sektor keamanan ditambahkan satpam untuk menjaga kemanan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 690, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Pertumbuhan 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 113", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3. Pertumbuhan 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 428, "height": 84, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 3, jumlah siswa naik menjadi 96 siswa. Begitu juga di bagian akomodasi, kelas dan kamar mandi bertambah menjadi 3 ruangan. Jumlah guru bertambah sebanyak 6 orang. Dalam fasilitas kesehatan ditambahkan ambulance untuk membantu siswa yang sakit secara darurat dan pertugas medis pun bertambah juga menjadi 3 orang. Untuk menambah keamanan di sekolah satpam juga ditambahkan menjadi 3 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 597, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Pertumbuhan 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4. Pertumbuhan 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 428, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 4, jumlah siswa menjadi 128 siswa. Dengan bertambahnya jumlah siswa bertambah pula jumlah kelas untuk menampung siswa sebanyak 4 kelas. Kenaikan pertumbuhan 4 hanya pada jumlah siswa dan kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK) Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 114", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 373, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Pertumbuhan 4", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5. Pertumbuhan 5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 5, jumlah siswa bertambah menjadi 160 siswa. Kelas juga otomatis bertambah menjadi 5 kelas. Guru juga ditambahkan menjadi 9 orang agar seimbang dengan jumlah siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 735, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Pertumbuhan 5", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 115", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.6. Pertumbuhan 6", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 6, jumlah siswa menjadi 192 siswa. Jumlah kelas juga bertambah menjadi 6 buah. Karena jumlah siswa yang semakin banyak, kamar mandi juga ditambahkan menjadi 4 buah supaya siswa tidak kekurangan kamar mandi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 556, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Pertumbuhan 6", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.7. Pertumbuhan 7", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 427, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 7, jumlah siswa naik lagi menjadi 224 siswa. Kelas ditambah 1 kelas lagi sehingga totalnya 7 buah. Guru ditambahkan 2 orang sehingga menjadi 11 orang. Sementara fasilitas lainnya tidak bertambah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK) Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 116", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 503, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Pertumbuhan 7", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metrik-metrik yang digunakan untuk mengukur skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi didapatkan melalui tree pertumbuhan diatas. Metrik- metrik tersebut adalah jumlah node, jumlah edge, kedalaman rata-rata (average depth), dan weight. Dengan metode AHP didapatkan formula skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi (��).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "�� = (0.5 ∙ ∑ ��) + (0.23 ∙ ��) + (0.17 ∙ �� ℎ ) + (0.055 ∙ �� ℎ �)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 658, "width": 269, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan menggunakan formula tersebut, didapatkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 686, "width": 117, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Pertumbuhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 703, "width": 356, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Siswa Node Edge Average Depth Weight Ocscale Pertumbuhan 1 32 14 13 1,928571429 13 11,03285714 Pertumbuhan 2 64 26 25 1,961538462 25 20,45846154 Pertumbuhan 3 96 37 36 1,972972973 36 29,09540541", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) \| 117", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 119, "width": 356, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Siswa Node Edge Average Depth Weight Ocscale Pertumbuhan 4 128 38 37 1,973684211 37 29,88052632 Pertumbuhan 5 160 42 41 1,976190476 41 33,02095238 Pertumbuhan 6 192 44 43 1,977272727 43 34,59113636 Pertumbuhan 7 224 48 47 1,979166667 47 37,73145833", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 336, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel diatas didapatkan grafik petumbuhan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 382, "width": 163, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Grafik pertumbuhan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. SIMPULAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 424, "width": 428, "height": 113, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil yang diperoleh dari pertumbuhan tersebut menyatakan pertumbuhan 7 memiliki nilai pertumbuhan tertinggi sedangkan pertumbuhan 1 memiliki nilai pertumbuhan terendah. Sehingga didapatlah sebuah kesimpulan apabila sebuah sekolah memiliki minimal requirement seperti yang ada pada gambar pertumbuhan 1, maka sekolah belum dapat bekerja secara maksimal dikarenakan hal-hal yang masih belum mumpuni secara sarana dan prasarana. Sedangkan apabila sebuah sekolah memiliki requirement yang lebih banyak, maka sekolah dapat bekerja secara maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 102, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] Pendidikan, B. S. Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Jakarta Selatan: BSNP. 2005 [2] Darmanto, E., Latifah, N., & Susanti, N. Penerapan Metode AHP ( Analythic Hierarchy Process ) Untuk Menentukan Kualitas Gula Tumbu. Simetris : Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro Dan Ilmu Komputer, 5(1), 75. doi:10.24176/simet.v5i1.139. 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 427, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] Aziz, A., Anggrainingsih, R., Sihwi, S. W., & Salamah, U. Penyusunan Arsitektur Visi dan Arsitektur Bisnis Sebagai Tahapan Perancangan Arsitektur Enterprise Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Dengan Framework TOGAF. Conference. 2013.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 427, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[4] Irmayanti, H., Wartika, & Imelda. Pemodelan Arsitektur Enterprise Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Parigi untuk Penerapan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) Menggunakan Togaf ADM 9.1. Conference. 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[5] Santikarama, I., & Yulianti, D. T. Pemodelan Enterprise Architecture. Conference. 2017.", "type": "List item" } ]
0fbc1379-d565-7be3-fee0-fad5efa86bab	http://ejurnal.setiabudi.ac.id/ojs/index.php/biomedika/article/download/216/290	[ { "left": 66, "top": 78, "width": 472, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan Kadar Timbal dalam Air Menggunakan Bentonit Teraktivasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 218, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 404, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 560, "width": 90, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 28, "width": 106, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOMEDIKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 49, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 1979 - 035X (printed edition) ISSN : 2302 - 1306 (electronic/Portal e-Journal)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 471, "top": 49, "width": 62, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Available online at www.biomedika.ac.id", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 134, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Degradation of Lead in Water Using Activated Bentonite", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 163, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fandhi Adi Wardoyo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 172, "width": 439, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi DIII Analis Kesehatan, Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang Jl. Kedungmundu Raya no 18 Semarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 191, "width": 181, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 236, "width": 476, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Timbal merupakan salah satu bahan pencemar yang banyak terdapat di dalam perairan. Timbal di perairan yang masuk ke dalam tubuh dapat mempengaruhi sistem syaraf, hormon dan juga jantung. Untuk mengurangi pencemaran timbal di perairan, maka diperlukan suatu adsorben yang mampu menyerap timbal. Salah satu adsorben yang banyak digunakan adalah bentonit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 64, "width": 95, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9, No. 2, September 2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 377, "width": 192, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: bentonit, aktivasi, adsorpsi, timbal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 289, "width": 472, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penurunan kadar timbal dalam perairan menggunakan bentonit yang telah diaktivasi. Bentonit yang digunakan merupakan bentonit alam yang diayak lolos 170 mesh. Bentonit selanjutnya diaktivasi menggunakan H PO KCl dan NH OH dengan konsentrasi 0,05M. Waktu kontak dila-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 322, "width": 21, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 4,", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 327, "top": 322, "width": 3, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 330, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kukan selama 1 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 343, "width": 468, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kondisi optimum didapat dari bentonit teraktivasi NH OH dengan konsen-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 452, "top": 349, "width": 3, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 65, "top": 357, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "trasi teradsorpsi rata-rata sebesar 86,36 ppm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 422, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lead is one of the pollutants in the . Lead in the body can disrupt the nervous system, hormones and heart. water To reduce lead contamination in the water, it would require an adsorbent that is able to absorb lead. One widely used adsorbent is bentonite.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 502, "width": 471, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The result showed that the optimum conditions obtained from bentonite which activated with NH OH with a concen-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 457, "top": 508, "width": 3, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 63, "top": 516, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tration of adsorbed average of 86.36 ppm .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 462, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study to determine the decrease lead levels in water using activated bentonite. This re- was of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 475, "width": 472, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "search natural bentonite which 170 mesh. Bentonite has been activated using H PO 0,05M, NH OH used passed of 3 4 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 489, "width": 238, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,05M and KCl 0,05M, with a contact time during 1,5 hour.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 537, "width": 193, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: activated bentonite , adsorption, lead", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 575, "width": 228, "height": 186, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Budi Widianarko pada tahun 2001 menyebutkan bahwa di perairan Indonesia khususnya perairan Sema- rang ditemukan kandungan logam berat, menu- rutnya kadar logam timbal di beberapa kawasan tertentu di wilayah pantai Indonesia terbukti cu- kup tinggi, hal ini memungkinkan bahwa perair- an Semarang juga mengandung logam timbal (Pb). Pembuangan limbah industri dari pabrik ke dalam aliran sungai serta debu dari asap kenda- raan diduga menjadi salah satu penyebab terce- marnya air sungai oleh logam Pb.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 765, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Timbal banyak digunakan sebagai bahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 575, "width": 231, "height": 202, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengemas, saluran air, alat-alat rumah tangga dan hiasan. Dalam bentuk oksida, timbal digu- nakan sebagai pigmen/zat warna dalam industri kosmetik dan glace serta keramik yang industri sebagian diantaranya digunakan dalam peralatan rumah tangga. Dalam bentuk aerosol anorganik dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui udara yang dihirup atau makanan seperti sayuran dan buah- buahan. Logam Pb tersebut dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh karena proses eliminasinya yang lambat (Gusnita, 2012). Timbal merupakan logam yang sangat berba- haya bagi kesehatan manusia yang berlangsung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 78, "width": 228, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seumur hidup karena timbal berakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia. Dalam kasus paparan polusi timbal dalam dosis rendah sekalipun ternyata dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada tubuh tanpa menunjukkan gejala klinik (Naour, 2009). Timbal juga terbukti meningkatkan jumlah kematian pada penderita penyakit jantung. Sampai saat ini belum dapat ditentukan berapa kadar terendah dari timbal dalam tubuh yang aman untuk kese- hatan (Spivey, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 237, "width": 231, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Timbal merupakan logam berat yang tidak dapat diuraikan sehingga sangat membahayakan kesehatan manusia karena dapat menyebabkan osteoporosis, keguguran pada ibu hamil, anemia dan anak lamban berpikir. Timbal yang terserap oleh anak, walaupun dalam jumlah kecil, dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada fase awal pertum- buhan fisik dan mental yang kemudian berakibat pada fungsi kecerdasan dan kemampuan akademik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diperlukan suatu penelitian untuk dapat mengurangi kadar timbal yang dibuang di perairan. Air limbah yang akan dibuang harus diolah terlebih dahulu sehingga diharapkan lebih aman ketika dibuang di sungai. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kadar timbal di perairan adalah de- ngan cara adsorpsi. Adsorpsi adalah suatu proses pemisahan bahan dari campuran gas atau cair dan bahan yang akan dipisahkan ditarik oleh permukaan sorben padat yang diikat oleh gaya-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 552, "width": 230, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- gaya yang bekerja pada permukaan itu (Berna et al. , cosni 1995). Sedangkan menurut Atkins (1982), adsorpsi adalah gejala pengumpulan molekul-molekul suatu zat pada permukaan zat lain sebagai akibat dari ketidakseimbangan gaya pada permukaan tersebut. Adsorpsi dapat terjadi antara: zat padat dan zat cair, zat padat dan gas, zat cair dan zat cair atau gas dan zat cair. Adsorpsi pada permukaan zat padat terjadi karena adanya gaya tarik atom atau molekul pada permukaan padatan (Sukardjo, 1997).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 725, "width": 231, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan bentonit sebagai adsorben meru- pakan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk me- ngurangi kadar logam di dalam perairan. Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 78, "width": 228, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "struktur yang dimilikinya bentonit memiliki ke- mampuan menukar ion sehingga dapat menyerap zat pencemar berupa ion yang terlarut dalam limbah cair. (Masduki, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 141, "width": 232, "height": 266, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit berasal dari perubahan hidrotermal dari abu vulkanik yang disimpan dalam berbagai air tawar (misalnya, danau alkali) dan cekungan laut (fosil laut yang melimpah dan batu kapur), ditandai dengan energi pengendapan yang rendah oleh lingkungan dan kondisi iklim sedang (Utracki, 2004). Bentonit berwarna dasar putih dengan sedikit , kemerahan, atau kehijauan kecoklatan bergantung pada jenis dan jumlah fragmen mi- neral-mineralnya. Bentonit juga bersifat lunak, ringan, mudah pecah, terasa seperti sabun, mudah menyerap air, dan dapat menukar ion (Firdaus, 2009). Bentonit termasuk mineral yang terdiri dari senyawa aluminium/atau magnesium silikat berkristal halus dengan kandungan kapur, alkali dan besi yang bervariasi serta sejumlah besar air terhidrasi (Permanasari, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 410, "width": 229, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit alam memiliki kualitas daya serap yang masih rendah karena masih mengandung mineral pengotor. Sebelum dimanfaatkan lebih jauh dalam industri, bentonit alam perlu dimur- nikan dari pengotornya melalui aktivasi sehingga kualitas daya serapnya meningkat menjadi lebih baik. (Noyan, , 2007) et al.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 520, "width": 231, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit yang akan digunakan diaktivasi menggunakan asam lemah (H PO ), dikarena- 3 4 kan aktivasi dengan asam kuat dapat merusak struktur bentonit. Sedangkan untuk pembanding digunakan basa lemah (NH OH) dan garam 4 (KCl).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 631, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 647, "width": 22, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 663, "width": 230, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (Perkin Elmer Analyst 100); pengaduk magnet; neraca digital (Ohaus Explorer); pH stik; pipet volume; kertas saring; gelas beker 100 ml, 250 ml (Pyrex); labu ukur 25 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml (Pyrex); erlenmeyer 100 ml, 250 ml; penggojok; pipet tetes; gelas ukur; tabung reaksi; oven (merk Memmert).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 28, "width": 117, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58 FANDHI ADI WARDOYO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 493, "top": 27, "width": 40, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 761, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Kurva kalibrasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 65, "top": 78, "width": 33, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 95, "width": 231, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuades; bentonit alam; larutan KCl 0,05 M; larutan H PO 0,05 M; larutan NH OH 0,05 M;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 117, "width": 124, "height": 5, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 4 4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 63, "top": 126, "width": 231, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pb(NO ) p.a (Merck); larutan CH COOH 0,1M;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 133, "width": 11, "height": 5, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 63, "top": 133, "width": 231, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 larutan CH COONa 0,1M; larutan NaH PO .H O 3 2 4 2 0,1M; larutan Na HPO .2H O 0,1M; larutan 2 4 2 NaHCO 0,1M; larutan Na CO 0,1M. 3 2 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 65, "top": 206, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 222, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aktivasi Bentonit", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 237, "width": 230, "height": 167, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit alam diayak lolos 170 mesh kemu- o dian dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu 110 C selama 1 jam untuk menurunkan kadar air. Se- banyak 50 gram bentonit yang telah kering di tambah 150 ml larutan aktivator (masing masing H PO 0,05M; KCl 0,05M; NH OH 0,05M) dan 3 4 4 o direfluks pada suhu 100 C selama 3,5 jam. Se- telah itu disaring dan residunya dicuci dengan akuades sampai pH pencucian air netral. Ben- tonit kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven pada o suhu 110-120 C selama 2 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 427, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembuatan kurva kalibrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 442, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Membuat larutan timbal (II) dengan konsen-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 521, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan pH adsorpsi optimum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 537, "width": 230, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebanyak 1 gram adsorben masing-masing dimasukkan ke dalam 4 buah erlenmeyer dan ditambahkan dengan 25 ml larutan timbal 5 ppm dengan variasi pH 4, 6, 8, 10 (variasi pH dila- kukan dengan menambahkan pH buffer). Cam-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 143, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adsorpsi timbal oleh bentonit teraktivasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 158, "width": 229, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebanyak 1 gram bentonit yang telah diakti- vasi dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer. Kemu- dian masing-masing erlenmeyer ditambah de- ngan 25 ml larutan timbal (II) 100 ppm. Cam- puran tersebut selanjutnya diaduk selama 1,5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 456, "width": 229, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "trasi yang bervariasi yaitu 0,01; 0,03; 0,05; 0,07; 0,09; 0,1; 0,15; 0,2 ppm. Larutan tersebut kemu- dian diukur absorbansinya dengan SSA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 28, "width": 120, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9, No.2, September 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 28, "width": 55, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika 59", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 236, "width": 228, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jam. Larutan disaring kemudian filtrat diukur adsorbansinya dengan SSA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 285, "width": 154, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Pembuatan Kurva Kalibrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 316, "width": 229, "height": 169, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap awal dari penelitian ini adalah de- ngan cara membuat kurva kalibrasi dari larutan timbal (II) dengan variasi konsentrasi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 dan 10 ppm (Gambar 1). Pembuatan masing-masing konsentrasi ini dilakukan dengan cara pengenceran larutan timbal (II) 100 ppm. Larutan tersebut kemudian diukur adsorbansinya menggunakan AAS. Dari hasil pembacaan AAS dibuat kurva kalibrasi. Dari hasil plot konsen- trasi terhadap adsorbansi didapatkan persamaan y = 0,0073x – 0,0068.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 79, "width": 230, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "puran tersebut kemudian diaduk dengan waktu 1,5 jam. Larutan disaring, kemudian filtrat di- ukur adsorbansinya dengan SSA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 504, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan pH adsorpsi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 520, "width": 230, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan pH optimum dilakukan dengan pemilihan range pH antara 4 sampai 10. Hal ini dikarenakan pH yang terlalu asam atau basa da- pat merusak struktur bentonit, sehingga dikha- watirkan akan menurunkan kemampuan adsorpsi bentonit. Penentuan pH optimum dilakukan de-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 79, "width": 229, "height": 201, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ngan cara memasukkan 1 gram bentonit masing- masing ke dalam 4 buah Erlenmeyer. Masing- masing erlenmeyer ditambah dengan larutan timbal (II) 5 ppm dengan variasi pH 4, 6, 8, 10. Variasi pH dilakukan dengan cara melarutkan Pb(NO ) dalam larutan buffer sesuai pH yang 3 2 diinginkan. Keempat campuran tersebut lalu di- aduk dengan waktu kontak 1,5 jam. Larutan lalu disentrifuse untuk mengambil filtratnya. Filtrat kemudian diukur konsentrasinya untuk menge- tahui konsentrasi ion logam timbal (II) yang ter- adsopsi. Dari hasil adsorpsi didapatkan hasil se- perti tersaji dalam Gambar 2. Dari Gambar 2 da-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 380, "width": 230, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eksperimen adsorpsi timbal (II) oleh bentonit teraktivasi dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan masing-masing 1 gram bentonit yang telah diak- tivasi ke dalam erlenmeyer lalu ditambah dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 364, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adsorpsi logam timbal oleh bentonit teraktivasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 442, "width": 229, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 ml larutan timbal (II) 100 ppm dengan pH 10", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 764, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Grafik konsentrasi teradsorpsi vs jenis aktivator", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 157, "width": 231, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Gambar 3 dapat terlihat bahwa kemam- puan adsorpsi optimum didapatkan dari bentonit teraktivasi NH OH. Dalam suasana basa, NH OH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 195, "width": 231, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 4 - akan terdeprotonasi menjadi NH yang muatan- 2 nya berubah-ubah sesuai kondisi pH. Gugus NH 2 ini dapat membentuk ikatan dengan ion logam Pb yang mempunyai bilangan koordinasi dua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 266, "width": 231, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- Ion NH akan berinteraksi secara kuat dengan 2 2+ Pb sehingga bentonit dapat mengikat logam timbal dengan kuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 346, "width": 230, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adsorpsi logam timbal oleh bentonit terakti- vasi optimum pada pH 10. Basa lemah (NH OH) 4 memberikan kemampuan aktivasi yang lebih baik dibanding asam lemah (H PO ) dan garam 3 4 (KCl) dalam mengadsorpsi ion logam timbal, dengan konsentrasi teradsorpsi rata-rata sebesar 86,36 ppm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 331, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 284, "width": 230, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pat terlihat bahwa pH optimum adsorpsi bentonit pada pH 10. Hal ini dikarenakan timbal (II) lebih mudah berikatan dengan basa dibandingkan de- ngan asam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 28, "width": 115, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 FANDHI ADI WARDOYO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 493, "top": 27, "width": 40, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 232, "top": 599, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. pH adsorpsi optimum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 79, "width": 230, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada masing-masing erlenmeyer. Larutan lalu diaduk dengan waktu kontak 1,5 jam. Larutan lalu disentrifuse dan diambil filtratnya untuk di- ukur adsorbansinya menggunakan SSA. Hasil- nya seperti ditunjukkan Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 93, "width": 225, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atkins. P. W. 1982. Physical Chemistry . London: Oxford Uni- versity Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 80, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 113, "width": 229, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bernacosni, G, Gerster, Herser, Stauble dan Schneiter. 1995. Teknologi Kimia. Jakarta: Pradnya Pramita Firdaus, Ahmad, 2009, Aplikasi Bentonit-Zeolit dalam Mening- katkan Mutu Minyak Akar Wangi Hasil Penyulingan Daerah Kabupaten Garut,FMIPA IPB Gusnita, Dessy, 2012. Pencemaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) di Udara dan Upaya Penghapusan Bensin Bertimbal. Berita Dirgantara Vol. 13 No. 3, Sept. 2012, 95-101. Masduki, Ali. 2004. Teknologi Alamiah Untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri . Surabaya: Lembaga Penelitian ITS. Naour, N., Fellahi, S., Renucci, JF., Rouault C., Basdevant A., Dutour A., Alessi, MC., Bastard, JP., Clement, K., Guerre Millo M, 2009. Potential Contribution of Adipose Tissue to Elevated Serum Cystatin C in Human Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(12):2121- 2125.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 83, "width": 229, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noyan, H., M, Onal., Y, Sarikaya, 2007. The Effect of Sulfuric Acid Activation on the Crystallinity, Surface Area, Porosity, Surface Acidity, and Bleaching Power of a Bentonite, Journal of Food Chemistry 105, 156-163", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 123, "width": 228, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permanasari, Anna, 2009. Kajian Aspek Teoretik dan Aplikatif dari Adsorben Organo-Bentonit terhadap Residu Pestisida dalam Air Minum dan Implikasinya dalam Perkuliahan Ki- mia Material, Forum Kependidikan Volume 28, Nomor 2, Maret 2009, 90-95 Sukardjo. 1997. Kimia Fisika . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 187, "width": 232, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Spivey A. 2007. The Weight of Lead: Effects add up in Adults. Environmental Health Perspectives .;115(11):A31-A36. Utracki, L., 2004. Clay-Containing Polymeric nanocomposites . Vol. 1, Shawbury, UK, Rapra Technology Limited. Widianarko, Budi. 2001. Linking Water Quality and Food Safety. Semarang: Universitas Katholik Soegijapranata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 28, "width": 120, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9, No.2, September 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 28, "width": 55, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika 61", "type": "Page header" } ]
86407b04-6e31-ed12-3d54-097182e59498	https://jurnal.stikesnh.ac.id/index.php/jikd/article/download/68/65	[ { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 407, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 563, "top": 802, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 74, "width": 416, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH REWARD, INSENTIF, PEMBAGIAN TUGAS DAN SUPERVISI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PERAWAT DIRUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM FAISAL MAKASSAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 125, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nur Insyaniar 1 , Amran Razak 2 , Samsualam 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 149, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Universitas Muslim Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 160, "width": 115, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 172, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Universitas Muslim Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 197, "width": 320, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alamat Korespodensi : ([email protected]/082347811105)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 220, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 454, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberhasilan rumah sakit dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kepada pasien dan kinerja, memerlukan perawat yang puas dalam pekerjaannya. Perawat yang merasa puas dalam bekerja akan merasa senang terhadap pekerjaanya. Ketidakpuasan perawat dapat dinyatakan dengan berbagai cara diantaranya dengan pengabaian dan kemangkiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh reward, insentif, pembagian tugas, dan supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 87 responden. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uii regresi menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara Reward ( ρ 0,004<α 0,05), Insentif ( ρ 0,000<α 0,05), Pembagian tugas ( ρ 0,000<α 0,05) terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Sedangakan tidak terdapat pengaruh antara Supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat ( ρ 0,059<α 0,05). Hasil uji regresi logistic menunjukkan bahwa insentif paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara reward, insentif dan pembagian tugas terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat, dan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 427, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Reward, Insentif, Pembagian Tugas, Supervisi, dan Kepuasan Kerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepuasan kerja adalah sikap emosional yang menyenangkan dan mencintai pekerjaannya.Sikap ini dicerminkan oleh moral kerja, kedisiplinan, dan prestasi kerja.Kepuasan kerja dinikmati dalam pekerjaan, luar pekerjaan, dan kombinasi dalam dan luar pekerjaan.(Hasibuan 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 542, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan Negara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 554, "width": 210, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkembang dengan isu motivasi dan kepuasan kerja perawat yang tidak jauh berbeda. Hasil analisis lingkungan kerja perawat oleh WHO (2013) di beberapa Negara Asia, termasuk Indonesia menemukan bahwa lingkungan kerja perawat belum optimal seperti pendapatan perawatan yang rendah, fasilitas kesehatan yang buruk dan tidak aman bagi staf perawat, rasio perawat pasien yang tidak optimal, hubungan tim kerja yang perlu penguatan, beberapa perawat mengalami kekerasan fisik, kurang perlindungan dalam pekerjaan dan beberapa fasilitas yang tidak memuaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di RS Islam Faisal Makassar ditemukan bahwa jumlah Kemangkiran ( turn over ) perawat di ruang rawat inap mengalami", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 450, "width": 210, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "peningkatan dari 0,92 % pada tahun 2017 menjadi 4,16 % pada tahun 2018. Angka ketidakhadiran perawat di ruang rawat inap pada bulan Maret sebesar 16 %, April 13,3% dan Mei 5,6 % serta jumlah perawat yang telat datang ke tempat kerja menunjukkan angka yang cukup tinggi yakni 51% pada bulan Maret, 40% di bulan April dan 71 % dibulan Mei 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 554, "width": 210, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat masalah pada kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar karena menurut Robbins (2003) dalam Sinambela (2018) mengemukakan bahwa ketidakpuasan pegawai dapat dinyatakan dengan berbagai cara diantaranya adalah pengabaian. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang “ Pengaruh Reward, Insentif, Pembagian Tugas dan Supervisi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 714, "width": 109, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BAHAN DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 726, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi , Populasi dan Sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 738, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan oktober 2018 di RS Islam Faisal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 795, "width": 405, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 17, "top": 801, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "532", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 213, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makassar.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar yang berjumlah 111 orang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 87", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 120, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "responden.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 131, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kriteria inklusi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 143, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tenaga Perawat pelaksana yang bertugas di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal makassar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 177, "width": 196, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pegawai tetap dan pegawai kontrak di RS Islam Faisal Makassar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 200, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Bersedia menjadi responden", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 212, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kriteria eksklusi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 223, "width": 196, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Bukan Tenaga Perawat pelaksana yang bertugas di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 258, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Merupakan tenaga perawat percobaan di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 293, "width": 178, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Sedang cuti dan mengikuti pelatihan d. Tidak bersedia menjadi responden.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 327, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 339, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung kepada responden dengan menggunakan bantuan kuesioner yang telah dirancang untuk data kuantitatif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Data sekunder berupa data yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan Rumah Sakit dan catatan lain yang terdapat di Rumah Sakit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 431, "width": 78, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 442, "width": 210, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Editing , yaitu kegiatan untuk memeriksa seluruh daftar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 454, "width": 196, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertanyaan yang dikembalikan oleh responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Coding , yaitu kegiatan memberi tanda berupa angka pada jawaban responden yang diterima. Tujuannya adalah untuk menyederhanakan jawaban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 523, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tabulasi , yaitu kegiatan menyusun dan menghitung data hasil pengkodean", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 557, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 569, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Analisis Univariat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 580, "width": 197, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada analisis univariat digunakan untuk melihat deskripsi dari masing-masing variabel penelitian yang diukur, baik variabel independen maupun variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 638, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Analisis Bivariat Analisis ini dilakukan untuk meliahat ada tidaknya pengaruh dari masing-masing variabel yang diteliti yakni variabel bebas dan variabel terikatmenggunakan uji regresi dengan bantuan alat SPSS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 707, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisis multivariat Analisis ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan variabel bebas mana yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat.Teknik ini digunakan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 74, "width": 197, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengetahui besarnya pengaruh antara beberapa variabel bebas secara bersamaan terhadap suatu variabel terikat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 120, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 131, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Analisa Univariat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 143, "width": 196, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Distribusi karakteristik Responden di Ruang Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar tahun 2018. (n=76) Karakteristik n % Umur 20-30 Tahun 21-40 Tahun 41-59 tahun 60 18 9 69,0 20,7 10,3 Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki Perempuan 24 63 27.6 72.4 Pendidikan D3 S1 S1 Ns 48 13 26 55,2 14,9 29.9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 334, "width": 196, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa distribusi perawat yang berumur 20- 30 tahun memiliki jumlah terbanyak yakni sebanyak 60 orang (69,0%), dan distribusi umur responden paling sedikit yaitu berumur 41-50 tahun sebanyak 9 orang (10,3%). Responden yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 24 orang (27,6%) dan perempuan sebanyak 63 orang (72,4%). Distribusi perawat yang berpendidikan terakhir terbanyak adalah D3 sebanyak 48 orang (55,2%) dan paling sedikit responden yang berpendidikan S1 yakni sebanyak 13 orang (14,9%).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 507, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Analisis Bivariat Tabel 2. Pengaruh Reward Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Diruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 329, "top": 553, "width": 194, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2018 Reward Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n % Tinggi Rendah 58 18 89,2 81,8 7 4 10,8 18,2 65 22 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,004", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 671, "width": 196, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 2. diketahui jumlah responden mengatakan pemberian reward tinggi sebanyak 65 orang, dimana yang mengatakan puas pada pekerjaannya sebanyak 58 orang (89,2%) dan yang mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya sebanyak 7 orang (10,8%). Sedangkan responden yang mengatakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 407, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 563, "top": 802, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "533", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "reward rendah sebanyak 22 orang, dimana yang mengatakan puas pada pekerjaanya sebanyak 18 orang (81,8%) dan yang mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya sebanyak 4 orang (18,2%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 131, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji statistik diperoleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 141, "width": 196, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ρ =0,004<0,05 artinya ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara reward terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 166, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 212, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Pengaruh Insentif Terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 223, "width": 196, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Diruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018 Insentif Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n % Cukup Kurang 63 13 91,3 72,2 6 5 8,7 27,8 69 18 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 365, "width": 197, "height": 216, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 3 dapat diketahui jumlah responden yang meengatakan pemberian insentif cukup sebanyak 69 orang, yang terdiri dari 63 orang (91,3%) diantaranya puas dengan pekerjaannya, dan 6 orang (8,7%) mengatakan kurang puas dengan pekerjaanya. Sedangkan responden yang mengatakan insentif kurang sebanyak 18 orang, yang terdiri 13 orang (72,2%) mengatakan puas pada pekerjaanya dan 5 orang (27,8%) kurang puas pada pekerjaannya Hasil uji statistik diperoleh ρ value =0,000 karena nilai ρ <0,05 dengan derajad kemaknaan α=0,05 berarti signifikan, yang artinya ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara insentif terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 595, "width": 197, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Pengaruh Pembagian Tugas Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Diruang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 618, "width": 197, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018 Pembagian Tugas Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 689, "width": 189, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Baik Kurang Baik 70 6 89,7 66,7 8 3 10,3 33,3 78 9 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 74, "width": 197, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 4.diatas dapat diketahui bahwa dari 78 responden yang mengatakan pembagian tugas kategori baik, ada 70 (89,7%) responden puas pada pekerjaanya dan 8 (10,3%) responden kurang puas padapekerjaanya. Sedangkan dari 9 responden yang mengatakan peembagian tugas kurang baik, ada 6 (66,7%) responden diantaranya puas pada pekerjaanya dan 3 (33,3%) responden mengatakan kurang puas padapekerjaanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 210, "width": 197, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji statistic diperoleh ρ value =0,000 karena nilai ρ <0,05 dengan derajad kema knaan α= 0,05 berarti signifikan yang artinya ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara pembagian tugas terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 316, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Pengaruh Supervisi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 350, "width": 196, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2018 Supervisi Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n % Baik Kurang Baik 63 13 86,3 92,9 10 1 13,7 7,1 73 14 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,059 Berdasarkan pada Tabel 5,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 480, "width": 197, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mnunjukkan bahwa dari 73 responden yang mengatakan supervisi baik, ada 63 (86,3%) responden yang puas pada pekerjaanya, dan 10 (13,7%) responden mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya. Sedangkan dari 14 responden yang mengatakan supervisi kurang baik, ada 13 (92,9%) responden yang puas pada pekerjaannya, dan 1 (7,1%) responden mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 605, "width": 197, "height": 91, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji statistic diperoleh ρ value =0,059 karena nilai ρ > 0,05 dengan derajad kemaknaan α= 0,05 berarti tidak signifikan yang artinya tidak ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 119, "top": 795, "width": 405, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 17, "top": 801, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "534", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisis Multivariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 85, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6 : Hasil Analisis Regresi Logistik Berganda reward, insentif, pembagian tugas dan Supervisi terhadap Kepuasan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 120, "width": 196, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerja Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 143, "width": 186, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 165, "width": 197, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(B) Insentif 1.457 .704 4.288 1 .038 4.29 5 Pembagia n Tugas 1.564 .842 3.449 1 .063 4.77 9 Constant -3.420 2.03 2 2.834 1 .092 .033 Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 271, "width": 196, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berganda pada tabel 6 menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar adalah insentif dengan nilai sig 0,038.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pengaruh Reward terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 386, "width": 196, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reward berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Dengan hasil yang didapatkan maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pemberian reward yang sesuai dapat mempengaruhi sikap perawat dalam bekerja. Dalam hal ini semakin tinggi reward yang diberikan maka kepuasan kerja perawat akan meningkat. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan hasil uji statistik yang menunjukkan nilai p =0,004 < 0,05,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 501, "width": 197, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitan yang dilakukan penelti melihat bahwa penghargaan yang wajar atas prestasi kerja berupa pujian atau hadiah merupakan sesuatu yang pantas diterima untuk dapat meningkatkan kepuasan kepuasan kerja perawat, hal ini terbukti dari hasil penelitian di RS Islam Faisal Makassar menunjukkan perawat yang mempunyai persepsi puas terhadap pemberian reward menghasilkan kepuasan kerja lebih puas dibandingkan dengan tidak puas terhadap pemberian reward. Namun dalam hal penelitian ini masih didapatkan ketidakpuasan terhadap pemberian reward menurut analisa peneliti kemungkinan hal tersebut karena belum optimalnya sistem pemberian reward di RS Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 708, "width": 196, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Vecchio (1995) dalam Wibowo (2017) cenderung mengikuti pandangan bahwa kinerja secara tidak langsung menyebabkan kepuasan kinerja akan menerima reward baik ektrinsik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maupun ekstrinsik. Kepuasan akan diperoleh melalui penilaian pekerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 97, "width": 196, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap reward yang diterima. Apabila pekerja merasa bahwa pemberian penghargaan tersebut adil, akan membuat kepuasan kerja meningkat. Namun, apabila terjadi sebaliknya akan menyebabkan ketidakpuasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 166, "width": 196, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Jimmy Fitria (2017) reward merupkan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi individu bekerja pada suatu organisasi, dari hasil analisis pengaruh reward pada kepuasan kerja perawat membuktikan bahwa RS Ortopedi Prof DR R Soeharso Surakarta telah memberikan reward sesuai dengan kinerja perawat yang mampu meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 293, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengaruh insentif kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 316, "width": 196, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Insentif berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja.Insentif merupakan daya dorong untuk meingkatkan kinerja sehingga perawat dapat menikmati pekerjaanya. Jika insentif yang diterima cukup dalam memenuhi kebutuhan, maka akan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat dengan nilai p =0,000< 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 408, "width": 196, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Sinambela (2018) insentif merupakan elemen atau balas jasa yang diberikan secara tidak tetap atau bersifat variabel tergantung pada kinerja pegawai. Insentif merupakan salah satu pendorong penting yang dapat memberikan rangsangan kepada pegawai untuk bekerja lebih optimal. Melalui insentif diharapkan pegawai akan mampu berpartisipasi lebih tinggi dalam melaksanakan tugas organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 534, "width": 199, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari penelitian ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Defran Siska dan Silviana Hendri (2018) mengatakan insentif, kompetensi dan fasilitas secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positf dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja para perawat RSUD Wamena di Papua, Indonesia yang menunjukan bahwa peningkatan terhadap ketiga variabel tersebut akan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja para pekerja, khususnya perawat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 672, "width": 213, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pengaruh pembagian tugas terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat Pembagian tugas berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat kerena jika tugas dan tanggung jawab yang diiterima dirasakan sesuai dan baik akan mempengaruhi kinerja perawat dalam melayani pasien. Pembagian tugas yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 407, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 563, "top": 802, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "535", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "baik dan sesuai dapat mempengaruhi responden dalam melakukan tugas dan tanggng jawabnya. Hal ini dapat dikatakan bahwa pembagian tugas yang baik dapat meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar dengan nilai p =0,000 < α 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 166, "width": 196, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kejelasan uraian tugas yang dimaksud dapat memandu setiap perawat untuk melaksanakan kegiatan sehingga pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan disarana pelayanan kesehatan setempat. Adanya uraian tugas yang jelas bagi setiap jabatan klinis akan memudahkan manejer/pemimpin untuk menilai kinerja staf secara objektif dan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar upaya promosi staf ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi (Depkes RI 2005 dalam Kewuan 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 304, "width": 197, "height": 113, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Jimmy Fitria (2017) tentang Pengaruh reward, insentif, pembagian tugas dan penegembagnag karir pada kepuasan kerja perawat di Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Prof.Dr.R.Soeharso Surakarta menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh posistif dan signifikan pembagian tugas pada variabel kepuasan kerja perawat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 210, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pengaruh supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 115, "top": 442, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi tidak berpengaruh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 454, "width": 197, "height": 181, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat karena berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan Supervisi merupakan kegiatan yang wajib dan rutin yang dilakukan oleh setiap kepala ruangan terhadap perawat pelaksana agar menghasilkan kinerja yang optimal dan memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas kepada pasian. Dalam proses pelaksanaan supervisi beberapa kepala ruangan melakukan 1(satu) kali dalam 1(satu) bulan dan ada juga yang melakukan 1(satu) kali dalam 2(dua) bulan. Sehingga hal tersebut tidak mempengaruhi aktifitas dan tanggung jawab perawat dalam melakukan pekerjaanya.Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 626, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bahwa supervisi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 626, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat diruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 108, "width": 196, "height": 148, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi merupakan bagian fungsi pengarahan yang mempunyai peran untuk mempertahankan agar segala kegiatan yang telah terprogram dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan lancar. Supervisi dalam keperawatan bukan hanya sekedar kontrol, tetapi lebih dari itu, kegiatan supervisi mencakup penentuan kondisi-kondisi atau syarat-syarat personal maupun material yang diperlukan untuk tercapainya suatu tujuan asuhan keperawatan secara efektif dan efisien (Marquis & Huston, 2010) dalam Basri (2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 258, "width": 196, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Petrus Dala Wolo dkk (2015) tentang Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat pada RSUD TNI AU Yogyakarta menunjukkan supervisi tidak mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Sama halnya dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Rahmawati (2013) yang dilakukan di RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 385, "width": 196, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi pengarahan (supervisi) terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana ( p value=>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 442, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 454, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Reward, insentif, pembagian tugas berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar tahun 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 500, "width": 210, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Supervisi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar tahun 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 545, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 557, "width": 210, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pihak menajemen perlu memperhatikan masalah pemberian reward, insentif, pembagian tugas, agar sesuai dengan harapan karyawan untuk dapat meningkatan kepuasan kerja serta mencegah adanya kemangkiran karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 672, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basri, 2015, Hubungan supervisi kepela ruangan terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana di Rumah Sakit Imelda Medan .Tesis tidak diterbitkan. Fakultas Keperawatan. Univrsitas Sumatra Utara: Medan. Online (diakses 18 Agustus 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 713, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dala,Petrus W; Trisnawati Rina; Wiyadi, 2015, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat pada RSUD TNI AU Yogyakarta. Daya Saing Jurnal Ekonomi Menajemen Sumber Daya vol.17, No 2, Desember 2015. Online (diakses 18 Agustus 2018)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 405, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 17, "top": 801, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "536", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fitria, Jimmy; Sri Hunik R, 2017, Pengaruh reward, insentif, pembagian tugas, dan pengembangan karir pada kepuasan kerja perawat di Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Prof.DR.R.Soeharso Surakarta . Benefit jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis. Volume 2, nomor 1. Online (diakses 18 Agustus 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 339, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasibuan, S.P, 2016. 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d562bde8-5d12-4acb-c433-f8f37b4ebfb2	https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/14094/9369	[ { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 254, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 4 Tahun 2024 Page 8184-8193 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 101, "width": 282, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 142, "width": 461, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi Efektivitas Influencer Marketing dan Keputusan Pembelian Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Studi Kasus Influencer Fadil Jaidi pada Brand Haus)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 211, "width": 107, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggini Hardiyanti 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 235, "width": 147, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Teknologi Digital", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 255, "width": 258, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 301, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 320, "width": 491, "height": 110, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas influencer marketing dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian (studi kasus influencer Fadil Jaidi pada brand Haus). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji validitas, realibitas, dan regresi linier berganda. Dari hasil uji koefisien determinasi simultan influencer marketing dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,548 (54,8%) artinya bahwa influencer marketing Fadil Jaidi dan kualitas produk brand Haus memiliki pengaruh yang baik terhadap keputusan pembelian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 434, "width": 348, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Influencer, Pemasaran, Kualitas Produk, Keputusan Pembelian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 477, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 496, "width": 491, "height": 109, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aims of this research to evaluate the effectiveness of influencer marketing and product quality on purchasing decisions (case study of influencer Fadil Jaidi on the Haus brand). The method used is a quantitative method using validity, reliability, and multiple linear regression tests. From the test results, the simultaneous coefficient of determination of influencer marketing and product quality on purchasing decisions is 0.548 (54.8%), meaning that Fadil Jaidi's influencer marketing and the quality of Haus brand products have a good influence on purchasing decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 610, "width": 317, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Influencer, Marketing, Product Quality, Purchase Decision", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 267, "top": 39, "width": 84, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 469, "height": 222, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Semua sektor akhirnya harus beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang setiap hari ada hal baru, termasuk internet, yang memudahkan orang melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari seperti mencari informasi, berkomunikasi, dan berbelanja. Hal ini juga berlaku untuk sektor bisnis, hal ini menyebabkan perkembangan teknologi mengubah pola komunikasi dengan konsumen. Para pelaku bisnis menggunakan teknologi internet yang diminati ini untuk mengembangkan bisnis mereka. Strategi pemasaran adalah salah satu cara untuk menggunakan teknologi untuk mengembangkan bisnis. Pemasaran sangat penting bagi bisnis karena melaluinya produk dapat dikenal oleh konsumen dan menarik minat mereka. Strategi pemasaran melalui teknologi internet, terutama melalui media sosial, dianggap efektif karena membuat informasi tentang produk lebih mudah diakses oleh konsumen dan mengurangi biaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 287, "width": 470, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hariyanti dan Wirapraja (2018:141) mengatakan bahwa, influencer adalah individu atau tokoh media sosial dengan banyak pengikut. Mereka dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pengikutnya dengan apa yang mereka katakan. Sederhananya, pengaruh mempengaruhi pengikutnya untuk bertindak. Oleh karena itu, menggunakan layanan seorang influencer adalah salah satu strateginya untuk meningkatkan pemasaran dan promosi melalui media digital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 412, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemasaran melalui influencer telah menjadi salah satu strategi utama perusahaan seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan penetrasi internet yang semakin meluas. Terutama di kalangan Generasi Z yang tumbuh di era digital, pergeseran perilaku konsumen ini menimbulkan kebutuhan untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana efektivitas influencer marketing sebagai alat pemasaran. Generasi Z memiliki keterlibatan yang tinggi dalam penggunaan media sosial, dan influencer memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam membentuk opini dan preferensi konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 558, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lihat laporan HypeAuditor \"State of Influencer Marketing 2024\", yang menunjukkan bahwa pasar iklan pengaruh di seluruh dunia akan mencapai $22 miliar pada tahun 2025. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan sumber daya yang sangat memengaruhi dalam pemasaran, seperti peralihan ke iklan digital, pemblokiran iklan software, dan sosial commerce.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 662, "width": 470, "height": 77, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia berada di peringkat keempat di dunia dalam hal persentase konten yang disponsori oleh influencer, dengan kemungkinan disponsori sebesar 4,37 persen. Ini berada di belakang AS (27,05 persen), Brasil (15,47 persen), dan India (7,08%). Selain itu, 89% pengguna Instagram setuju bahwa Instagram adalah platform", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "utama untuk menampilkan produk dan layanan. Berbeda dengan pendekatan iklan konvensional, merek dapat berbicara dengan konsumen secara langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 80, "width": 470, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Influencer marketing telah menjadi salah satu strategi pemasaran yang paling efektif di era internet saat ini untuk menjangkau dan mempengaruhi konsumen untuk membuat keputusan pembelian. Influencer dengan banyak pengikut dan pengikut setia di media sosial memiliki kekuatan untuk memengaruhi pendapat dan persepsi pelanggan tentang suatu produk. Melalui konten yang mereka bagikan, mereka dapat menumbuhkan kepercayaan dan kredibilitas yang kuat, yang sangat memengaruhi keputusan konsumen untuk membeli produk tersebut. Namun, upaya marketing influencer sangat bergantung pada kualitas produk yang mereka promosikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 246, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun influencer marketing dapat menarik perhatian dan minat awal pelanggan, keputusan pembelian masih bergantung pada kualitas produk. . Influencer biasanya mempromosikan produk dengan menekankan fitur, manfaat, dan keunggulan produk. Jika produk yang dipromosikan berkualitas tinggi dan memenuhi janji yang disampaikan, konsumen cenderung merasa puas dan mempercayai rekomendasi influencer tersebut. Sebaliknya, jika produk tidak memenuhi ekspektasi, kekecewaan konsumen dapat merusak reputasi produk dan influencer yang mempromosikannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 391, "width": 470, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh influencer pada keputusan pembelian generasi ini. Keputusan pembelian tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh promosi yang dilakukan influencer, tetapi juga oleh persepsi konsumen terhadap kualitas produk yang dipromosikan. Evaluasi kualitas produk menjadi kunci dalam mengukur sejauh mana pengaruh influencer mampu mendorong keputusan pembelian positif. Meskipun influencer marketing menjanjikan hasil yang signifikan, terdapat risiko terkait dengan autentisitas, kepercayaan, dan relevansi influencer. Pemahaman yang mendalam tentang tantangan ini diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan efektivitas kampanye influencer marketing dan memitigasi potensi dampak negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 579, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bisa memberikan pandangan yang baik untuk perusahaan dalam meningkatkan strategi pemasaran mereka. Dengan memahami lebih baik bagaimana pemasaran influencer dan kualitas barang saling berinteraksi dalam mengepalai keputusan pembelian, perusahaan dapat mengoptimalkan alokasi sumber daya dan meningkatkan efisiensi kampanye pemasaran mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 253, "top": 39, "width": 111, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 470, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif berfokus pada pengumpulan data numerik dan analisis statistik untuk menggambarkan atau menjelaskan fenomena atau hubungan antar variabel. Untuk penelitian ini, skala likert digunakan. Sampelnya terdiri dari 100 responden yang mengikuti akun sosial media Fadil Jaidi dan menonton konten yang berkaitan dengan Brand HAUS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 184, "width": 138, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 146, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Uji Validitas dan Relibitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 226, "width": 456, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji validitas yang dibagikan kepada 100 responden menunjukkan bahwa 17 pertanyaan memiliki nilai kolerasi (rhitung) dari semua indikator yang lebih besar dari 0,361 (rtabel), yang berarti bahwa pertanyaan tersebut valid dan layak untuk digunakan dalam penelitian analisis regresi linier berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 309, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji realibitas penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai Alpha Cronbach sebesar 0,768 untuk pengaruh marketing, kualitas produk sebesar 0,884, dan keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,857. Jika hasilnya lebih dari 0,60, maka data ini dapat dianggap valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 371, "width": 158, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Deskripsi variabel Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 391, "width": 121, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Influencer Marketing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 412, "width": 313, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Tanggapan responden terhadap influencer marketing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 433, "width": 362, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Pertanyaan Skor SS S RR TS STS 1. X1.1 20 55 21 3 1 2. X1.2 39 42 15 4 0 3. X1.3 38 37 17 5 3 4. X1.4 29 17 18 17 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 572, "width": 456, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut tabel diatas dapat dinyakan bahwa tanggapan responden terhadap variabel Influencer Marketing X1.1 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 55 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X1.2 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 42 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X1.3 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 37 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 3 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaaan X1.4 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 29 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 5 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kualitas Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 153, "top": 60, "width": 289, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Tanggapan responden terhadap kualitas produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 80, "width": 350, "height": 171, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Pertanyaan Skor SS S RR TS STS 1. X2.1 28 59 11 2 0 2. X2.2 35 43 15 7 0 3. X2.3 35 49 15 1 0 4. X2.4 27 48 20 4 1 5. X2.5 36 50 13 1 0 6. X2.6 29 44 25 1 1 7. X2.7 35 46 16 3 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 244, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beralaskan tabel diatas dapat dinyakan bahwa tanggapan responden terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian X2.1 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 59 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.2 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 43 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.3 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 49 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaaan X2.4 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 48 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.5 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 50 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.6 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 44 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.7 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 46 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 526, "width": 122, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 137, "top": 547, "width": 321, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Tanggapan responden terhadap keputusan pembelian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 568, "width": 351, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Pertanyaan Skor SS S RR TS STS 1. Y1 49 42 7 1 1 2. Y2 46 43 8 3 0 3. Y3 41 43 14 2 0 4. Y4 41 48 10 1 0 5. Y5 42 47 10 1 0 6. Y6 47 46 5 1 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 725, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berlandaskan tabel diatas dapat dinyakan bahwa tanggapan responden terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian Y1 di dominasi oleh sangat sangat setuju sebanyak 49 dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "skor terkecil sebanyak 1 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y2 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 46 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y3 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 48 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaaan Y4 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 47 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y5 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 47 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y6 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 47 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 226, "width": 205, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 246, "width": 321, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients (Constant) B Std. Error (constant) 9.180 1.583 Influencer Marketing .209 .097 Kualitas Produk .468 .076", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 364, "width": 234, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variabel: Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 385, "width": 295, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y = 9.180 + 0.209 X 1 + 0.468 X 2 Dari persamaan diatas, dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 426, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Nilai konstanta 9,180 Ini menunjukkan bahwa antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen terjadi pengaruh yang searah. Semua variabel independen, termasuk Influencer Marketing (X1) dan Kualitas Produk (X2), tidak mengalami perubahan (nol) 0%, sehingga nilai Keputusan Pembelian (Y) adalah 9,180.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 509, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Koefisien regresi Influencer Marketing (X1) sebesar 0,209, yang menunjukkan bahwa jika Influencer Marketing (X1) meningkat dengan asumsi bahwa variabel independen lainnya tetap, maka nilai Keputusan Pembelian (Y) meningkat sebesar 0,209.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 572, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Koefisien regresi pada Kualitas Produk (X2) sebesar 0,468, yang menunjukkan bahwa Kualitas Produk (X2) meningkat dengan asumsi bahwa variabel independen lainnya tetap, maka niali Keputusan Pembelian (Y) meningkat sebesar 0,468.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 153, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 82, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji t (Parsial)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 80, "width": 133, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji t (Parsial)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 226, "width": 456, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas, hasil uji t (persial) menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi pengaruh Influencer Marketing (X1) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) adalah 0,033 < 0.05, dan nilai thitung 2,165 > ttabel 1,984, yang menunjukkan bahwa H1 diterima, yang menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh Influencer Marketing positif terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 329, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, uji t (persial) menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi pengaruh Kualitas Produk (X2) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) adalah 0,000 < 0.05 dan nilai thitung 6,150 > ttabel 1.984, yang menunjukkan bahwa H2 diterima. Ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 412, "width": 74, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Uji Simultan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 433, "width": 145, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji f (Simultan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 579, "width": 319, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Keputusan Pembelian b. Predictors: (Constant), Kualitas Produk, Influencer Marketing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 640, "width": 456, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas, kami menemukan bahwa nilai signifikasi Influencer Marketing (X1) dan Kualitas Produk (X2) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian sebesar 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai Fhitung 58,834 > 3,94, yang menunjukkan bahwa hasil penelitian H3 diterima. Ini menunjukkan bahwa Influencer Marketing dan Kualitas Produk berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian secara bersamaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 745, "width": 133, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KOEFESIEN DETERMINASI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 117, "width": 402, "height": 436, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model T Sig. (Constant) 5,800 0,000 Influencer Marketing 2,165 0,033 Kualitas Produk 6,150 0,000 ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 453.072 2 226.536 58.834 .000 b Residual 373.488 97 3.850 Total 826.560 99", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 159, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 60, "width": 219, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2 )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 226, "width": 456, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel di atas menunjukkan hasil perolehan R2 sebesar 0,548 pada kolom R persegi. Dari data yang diperoleh, kita dapat mengetahui bahwa variabel terikat keputusan pembelian dipengaruhi sebesar 54,8% oleh variabel bebas pengaruh pemasaran dan kualitas produk, dan variabel lain yang belum diketahui mempengaruhi sisa 45,2%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 309, "width": 175, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Uji Koefisien Determinasi Parsial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 329, "width": 233, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi Parsial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 516, "width": 234, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variabel: Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 557, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui standardized coefficient dan zero order correlation yang terdapat pada tabel di atas dapat dihitung koefisien determinasi (Kd) parsial masing-masing variabel independen sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 619, "width": 348, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- Kd Influencer marketing = 0,209  0,610 = 0,127 (12,7%) - Kd Kualitas produk", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 234, "top": 641, "width": 227, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= 0,468  0,725 = 0,339 (33,9%)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 662, "width": 443, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut hasil perhiungan koefisien determinasi parsial, kualiutas produk memberikan pengaruh lebih besar daripada pengaruh influencer marketing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 89, "width": 78, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 151, "top": 109, "width": 293, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .740 a .548 .539 1.96224", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 151, "top": 167, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Kualitas Produk, Influencer Marketing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 359, "width": 344, "height": 131, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Correlations B Zero-order 1 (Constant) 9.180 Influencer Marketing .209 .610 Kualitas Produk .468 .725", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 280, "top": 39, "width": 56, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 60, "width": 325, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 80, "width": 470, "height": 119, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Efektifitas kampanye influencer Fadil Jaidi dalam memengaruhi sikap dan persepsi konsumen telah terbukti dengan hasil berdasarkan uji koefesien determinasi diketahui bahwa variabel bebas influencer marketing dan kualitas produk berpengaruh sebesar 54,8% terhadap variabel terikat keputusan pembelian Melalui standardized coefficient dan zero order diketahui Kd Influencer marketing sebesar 12,9 % dan Kualitas Produk 33,9%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 470, "height": 139, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Ketika dipromosikan oleh Fadil Jaidi, kualitas produk memainkan peran dalam menentukan keputusan pembelian konsumen generasi Z. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi pengaruh kualitas produk (X2) terhadap keputusan pembelian 0,000 < 0.05 dan nilai thitung 6,150 lebih besar dari nilai ttabel 1.984, yang menunjukkan bahwa H2 diterima. Selain itu, koefisien determinasi parsial kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian adalah 0,339 (33,9%), yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian produk HAUS secara signifikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 349, "width": 470, "height": 58, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisi dan metrik kinerja influencer marketing dapat digunakan sebagai indikator efektifitas kampanye dalam konteks keputusan pembelian bisa melihat engagement sosial media Fadil Jaidi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 262, "top": 433, "width": 93, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atika Hermanda, Ujang Sumarwan Dan Netti Tinaprilla. (2019). The Effect Of Social Media Influencer On Brand Image, Self-Concept, And Purchase Intention. Journal Of Consummer Sciences. 4.2 76-89", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 516, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Baronah, Yoebrilianti, A., & Nurhayani. (2023). Pengaruh Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing, Dan Product Quality Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mobil Wuling Di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Manajemen, 87-99.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 579, "width": 469, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chung-Wha Ki, Leslie M. Cuevas, Dkk. (2020). Infk: Social Media Influencer As Human Brands Attaching To Followers And Yielding Positive Marketing Results By Fulfilling Needs. Journal Or Retailing And Consumer Service. 55:102133.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 641, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nina Muna (2021). Business Network Power As A Process For Enchancing Firm Performance: A Perspective Of Ratoc. Journal Cogen Business & Manajemen (2023), 10:2207620.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 682, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perdana, S. P. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Meubel Aa Di Kecamatan Ramabatan Ditinjau Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Pekanbaru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pratama, A. S. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Usaha Dea Gorden Di Kota Duri Kabupaten Bengkalis. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 101, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, C., Octaviani, V., & Yanto. (2023). Pengaruh Infleuncer Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Xinonaboba Kapuas Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Multi Disiplin Dehasen (Mude), 509-526.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 163, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, T. Q. (2021). Pengaruh Influencer Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Studi Pada Elzatta Hijab Garut). Jurnal Stie Yasaanggana, 33-38.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 469, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari, C. R., & Hidayat, A. M. (2021). Pengaruh Infleuncer Marketing Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Uniqlo. E-Proceeding Of Management (Pp. 1361- 1368). Telkom University.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 266, "width": 469, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ria Estiana, Nurul Giswi Karomah, Dan Teddy Setiady. (2022). Efektivitas Media Sosial Sebagai Media Promosi Pada Umkm. Yogyakarta: Cv Budi Utama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 308, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yenni Arfah. (2022). Keputusan Pembelian Produk. Sumatra: Pt Inovasi Pratama Internasional Yunita D., Rosa A. (2016). Pengaruh Mencari Variasi, Ketidakpuasan Dan Ketidak Tersediaan Produk Terhadap Perpindahan Merk. Jurnal Manajemen Dna Bisnis Sriwijaya, 14(4),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 371, "width": 46, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "539-558.", "type": "List item" } ]
de3d0002-ee90-d218-cef4-5eb13298b08f	https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/pedagogia/article/download/18064/10412	[ { "left": 197, "top": 41, "width": 206, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 17 (02) (2019) 147-1 57", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 171, "top": 72, "width": 258, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "edagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 89, "width": 175, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/pedagogia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 129, "width": 444, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius Melalui Teknik Modeling Simbolis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 184, "width": 219, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Margaretha Djati Marlina Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 34 Bandung [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 236, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A b s t r a c t", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 249, "width": 371, "height": 205, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to determine the ability to use and implement Symbolic Modeling Techniques in class IX.D. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The results of the study aimed, Cycle I from the results of questionnaire processing, there were an average of 54.68, found that there were 36 grade IX.D students who were lacking and sufficient in the Task for Development of Religious Platforms, this meant that it showed almost 54% of students, the lack of a Task for Development of Religious Platforms was still based on praise, work because the command is not self-awareness, carrying out compulsory worship only. The results of Cycle 2, questionnaire Development of Religious Platform Cycle 2, the average is 86.05 as many as 38 students have been very good, good. This means that there is a significant change in cycle 2 that is 100% the level of change in behavior including those in the Development of Religious Foundations, the Development of Religious Foundations has been based on individual bases, not based on the praise of working because the order becomes one's own awareness, carrying out ritual worship not only the ones that the Sunnah must also be obeyed. Thus the use of Information Services empirically has been proven to be able to increase students' understanding in the Habit of the Development of Religious Life Platform in class IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung in 2018/2019 Academic year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 469, "width": 371, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword : Symbolic Modeling Techniques, The Task Of Developing The Religious Based ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 481, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Student Understanding", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 493, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A b s t r a k", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 506, "width": 371, "height": 206, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menggunakan dan menerapkan Teknik Modeling Simbolis pada siswa kelas IX.D. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian menujukan, Siklus I dari hasil pengolahan angket, terdapat rata-rata 54.68, ditemukan ada 36 siswa kelas IX.D yang Kurang dan cukup dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, ini berarti menunjukkan hampir 54% siswa, kurang adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius masih berdasarkan pujian, mengerjakan karena perintah bukan kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah yang wajib saja. Hasil Siklus 2, angket Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius Siklus 2, rata-ratanya adalah 86,05 sebanyak 38 orang siswa sudah dapat sangat baik,baik. Hal tersebut berarti terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada siklus 2 yaitu 100 % tingkat perubahan prilakunya di antaranya dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius sudah berdasarkan kedasaran individu, tidak berdasarkan pujian mengerjakan karena perintah menjadi kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual tidak hanya yang wajib ditaati yang sunah pun dilakukan. Dengan demikian penggunaan Layanan Informasi secara empiris telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam Pembiasaan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius di kelas IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 726, "width": 370, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Teknik Modeling Simbolis, Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, Pemahaman Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 237, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 263, "width": 69, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah Diterima : 2019-07-03", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 295, "width": 64, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah Direvisi: 2019-08-30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 326, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah Disetujui:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 336, "width": 44, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2019-10-05", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "148 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan peserta didik tidak lepas dari pengaruh lingkungan, baik fisik, psikis maupun sosial (Bhakti, 2015) . Sifat yang melekat pada lingkungan adalah perubahan. Perubahan yang terjadi dalam lingkungan adalah mempengaruhi gaya hidup para peserta didik. Apabila perubahan yang terjadi itu sulit diprediksi, atau di luar jangkauan kemampuan, maka akan melahirkan kesenjangan perkembangan perilaku peserta didik, seperti terjadinya stagnasi (kemandegan) perkembangan, masalah-masalah pribadi atau penyimpangan perilaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 266, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Suhardita (2019)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perubahan lingkungan yang diduga mempengaruhi gaya hidup,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 291, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan kesenjangan perkembangan tersebut, di antaranya, pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk yang cepat, pertumbuhan kota- kota, kesenjangan tingkat sosial ekonomi masyarakat, revolusi teknologi informasi, pergeseran fungsi atau struktur keluarga, dan perubahan struktur masyakat dari agraris ke industri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan lingkungan yang akan mempengaruhi gaya hidup yang akan berimbas juga pada Landasan Hidup Religius para peserta didik di sekolah termasuk keyakinan bahwa manusia dan seluruh alam adalah makhluk tuhan; sikap yang mendorong perkembangan dan peri kehidupan manusia berjalan ke arah dan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah agama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 214, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bimbingan Konseling di sekolah diarahkan agar para peserta didik beroleh pengalaman dalam menanggulangi perubahan lingkungan yang negatif. Melalui Bimbingan Konseling, para peserta didik diajak untuk memahami, menikmati berbagai perubahan positif. Menurut Habsy (2017) layanan bimbingan dan konseling merupakan bagian integral dari sistem pendidikan Nasional yang mengacu pada pencapaian tujuan pendidikan Nasional, dan sejalan dengan tujuan bimbingan dan konseling sebagai ilmu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 696, "width": 211, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling pada hakekaknya suatu proses untuk menimbulkan perubahan tingkah laku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Para Peserta didik agar tetap kokoh dalam menjalankan kehidupan yang baik maka guru Bimbingan dan Konseling berkewajiban memperkuat Landasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 139, "width": 215, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidup religius para peserta didik. Kegiatan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah meliputi pengumpulan data siswa, layanan informasi, konseling, penempatan, dan layanan tindak lanjut (Belkin,1981 dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 203, "width": 212, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunawan dkk.,2012) . Bimbingan hakikatnya merupakan proses pemberian bantuan kepada individu secara berkesinambungan agar yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 253, "width": 212, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bersangkutan dapat memahami dirinya, sanggup mengarahkan diri, dan bertindak wajar sesuai dengan tuntutan dan keadaan keluarga, serta masyarakat (Winkel,1997 dalam Nirwana, 2013) . Menurut Arumsari (2016) dalam hasil peneltiannya menyatakan bahwa layanan Konseling Individual dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kontrol diri. Lebih lanjut Lestari (2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 392, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengemukakan bahwa layanan konseling juga dapat membantu mengembangkan kemandirian belajar anak usia sekolah dasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 443, "width": 212, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka era informasi global dewasa ini, semakin terasa sekali perlunya memperkokoh Landasan Hidup Religius para peserta didik, tidak terkecuali di kalangan para pelajar SMP Negeri 34 Bandung. Pada dasarnya semua siswa mempunyai banyak pengalaman yang dapat dijadikan titik acuan untuk memahami Landasan Hidup Religius. Namun pada kenyataannya hasil dari perolehan data assessment kelas IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung tidak terlalu menonjol. Setelah peneliti mengolah data yang diperoleh dari assesment tersebut di atas maka diperoleh data sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 38, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 149", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 272, "top": 337, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 153, "top": 352, "width": 293, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Inventori Tugas Perkembangan kelas IX.D 2018-2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 381, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 244, "top": 395, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan Kelas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 425, "width": 421, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Urutan Aspek Butir TP 1 1. Landasan Hidup Religius 1.3 2.95 2 4. Kematangan Intelektual 4.4 3.00 3 9. wawasan dan persiapan karier 9-2 3.05 4 5. Kesadaran dan tanggung jawab 5-1 3.19 5 6. Peran sosial sebagai pria atau wanita 6-3 3.24", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 547, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari grafik dan tabel profil kelompok kelas IX.D, di atas dapat di lihat bahwa pencapaian tugas perkembangan pada aspek landasan hidup religius siswa kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 memiliki nilai pencapaian tugas perkembangan paling rendah dibanding dengan nilai aspek tugas perkembangan yang lain yaitu dinyatakan dengan nila rata-rata baru mencapai 2,59 atau hanya sekitar 51,8 % dari yang seharusnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 722, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal tersebut menjadi latar belakang penulis melakukan penelitian dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 547, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tujuan untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa terhadap Tugas Perkembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 576, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Landasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 384, "top": 576, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidup Religius dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 591, "width": 214, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bimbingan dan Konseling melalui Teknik Modeling Simbolis di Kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 678, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 693, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Teknik Modeling Simbolis Menurut Bandura yang dikutip oleh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 722, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nursalim (2007, hlm. 63) , bahwa modeling merupakan proses belajar melalui", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "150 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengamatan terhadap model dan perubahan perilaku yang terjadi karena peniruan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Corey yang dikutip oleh Purnamasari (2012, hlm. 22) ada bermacam-macam Teknik Modeling di antaranya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 176, "width": 197, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Modeling Langsung ( live model ) Modeling nyata merupakan cara atau prosedur yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan model langsung seperti konselor, guru, teman sebaya maupun tokoh yang dikaguminya. b) Modeling simbolik Modeling simbolik merupakan cara atau prosedur yang dilakukan menggunakan media seperti film, video, dan buku pedoman.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 351, "width": 193, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Modeling Ganda Modeling ganda merupakan gabungan dari", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 380, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "modeling nyata dan modeling simbolik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 409, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut corey yang dikutip oleh Purnamasari (2012, hlm. 28), adapun tahapan Teknik Modeling Simbolis adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 467, "width": 216, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Memberikan perhatian (atensi), dalam belajar melalui pengamatan, seseorang harus memberi perhatian atau atensi pada suatu model, mengamati, dan mengingat perilaku dari sang model.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 540, "width": 216, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Representasi yaitu tingkah laku yang akan ditiru sebaiknya harus disimbolisasi dalam ingatan, baik berupa bentuk verbal, gambar dan imajinasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 613, "width": 219, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Reproduksi dapat diartikan sebagai peniruan tingkah laku model, yaitu bagaimana melakukannya, apa yang harus dikerjakan? Apakah sudah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 671, "width": 198, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "benar? Hasil lebih daripada pencapaian tujuan belajar dan afeksi pembelajaran.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 67, "top": 700, "width": 216, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Motivasional tahap akhir adalah memberi motivasi dan penguatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 729, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Motivasi tinggi untuk melakukan tingkah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 74, "width": 197, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "laku model membuat belajar menjadi efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 118, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengertian Tugas Perkembangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 132, "width": 212, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hurlock (1978) menyebutkan bahwa tugas perkembangan yaitu belajar menyesuaikan diri terhadap pola - pola hidup baru, belajar untuk memiliki cita- cita yang tinggi, mencari identitas diri dan pada usia kematangannya mulai belajar memantapkan identitas diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 234, "width": 212, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Havighurst dalam Malik (2015) mengemukakan bahwa perjalanan hidup seseorang ditandai oleh adanya tugas- tugas yang harus dipenuhi. Secara garis besar Havighurst menengaskan bahwa tugas-tugas perkembangan yang dilakukan seseorang pada masa kehidupan tertentu adalah disesuaikan dengan norma-norma sosial serta norma- norma kebudayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 380, "width": 212, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas-tugas perkembangan dituntut adanya korelasi antara potensi diri dan pendidikan yang diterima nak, serta norma-norma sosial budaya yang ada. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 465, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Faktor genetik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 480, "width": 159, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Faktor eksternal/lingkungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 498, "width": 211, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas-tugas perkembangan manusia, termasuk peserta didik, muncul dari tiga sumber yang berbeda. Pertama, kematangan fisik, misalnya, untuk belajar berjalan. Kedua, kekuatan sosiostruktural dan budaya, misalnya, umur minimum untuk perkawinan, umur minimum untuk memperoleh surat izin mengemudi (SIM), dan sebagainya. Ketiga, nilai-nilai pribadi dan aspirasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 658, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Landasan Religius", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 672, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam landasan religius BK diperlukan penekanan pada 3 hal pokok :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 701, "width": 203, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Keyakinan bahwa manusia dan seluruh alam adalah makhluk tuhan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 730, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sikap yang mendorong perkembangan dan peri kehidupan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 38, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 151", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 74, "width": 190, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "manusia berjalan kearah dan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah agama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 103, "width": 204, "height": 127, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Upaya yang memungkinkan berkembang dan dimanfaatkannya secara optimal suasana dan perangkat budaya serta kemasyarakatan yang sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah agama untuk membentuk perkembangan dan pemecahan masalah individu. Landasan religius", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 228, "top": 220, "width": 55, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkenaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan berikut di bawah ini.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 249, "width": 181, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Manusia Sebagai Makhluk Tuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 263, "width": 115, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sikap Keberagaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 278, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Peran Agama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 307, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Bimbingan Kelompok", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 322, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Crow & Crow dalam Mahdi (2017) bimbingan adalah bantuan yang dilakukan seseorang yang sudah terlatih secara profesional terhadap individu dari segala usia dalam mengelola kegiatan hidupnya, mengembangkan pola pikirnya, membuat keputusan sendiri dan memikul bebannya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 238, "height": 185, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Prayitno, (2001, hlm. 89) disebutkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok yaitu layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang memungkinkan peserta didik memperoleh kesempatan untuk pembahasan dan pengentasan permasalahan yang dialaminya melalui dinamika kelompok,masalah yang dibahas itu adalah masalah pribadi yang dialami oleh masing masing anggota kelompok. Menurut Latipun (2008, hlm. 178) bimbingan kelompokmerupakan salah satu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 613, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bentuk konseling dengan memanfaatkan kelompok", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 211, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk membantu,memberi umpan balik ( feed back ) dan pengalaman belajar. Bimbingan kelompokdalam prosesnya menggunakan prinsip prinsip dinamika kelompok ( group dynamic ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prayitno (2001) mengemukakan bahwa bimbingan kelompok adalah Suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "orang dengan memanfaatkan dinamika kelompok. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 132, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 147, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) atau yang biasa dikenal dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 191, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Classroom Action Research . Makna Penelitian tindakan ( action research ) dalam seting pendidikan dijelaskan oleh MCNiff (2013) sebagai berikut .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 249, "width": 184, "height": 155, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Action research is a form of self- reflective inquiry undertaken by participants (teachers, students or principals, for example) in social (including educational) situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of (1) their own social or educational practices, (2) their understanding of these practices, and (3) the situations (and institutions) in which the practice are", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 409, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "carried out.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 423, "width": 212, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pendapat tersebut, dapat dirumuskan beberapa ide pokok tentang penelitian tindakan, yaitu sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 482, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Penelitian tindakan merupakan suatu bentuk inkuiri atau penyelidikan yang dilakukan melalui refleksi diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 525, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Penelitian tindakan dilakukan oleh peserta yang terlibat dalam situasi yang diteliti, seperti guru, siswa atau kepala sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 584, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Penelitian tindakan dilakuan dalam situasi sosial, termasuk situasi pendidikan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 627, "width": 211, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Tujuan penelitian tindakan adalah untuk memperbaiki dasar pemikiran dan kepantasan dari praktik-praktik, pemahaman terhadap praktik tersebut, dan situasi atau lembaga tempat praktik tersebut dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "152 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Prosedur Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian yang digunakan berbentuk siklus yang mengacu kepada model penelitian dari sistem spiral refleksi model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart dikutip Sukidin (2002) . Siklus penelitian ini berlangsung dalam beberapa kali sampai tujuan yang diinginkan tercapai. Prosedur tindakan dilakukan melalui kegiatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 127, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perencanaan ( plan ), tindakan ( act ), observasi ( observe ) dan refleksi ( reflect ). Pada siklus II dan seterusnya jenis kegiatan yang dilakukan guru dan observer yaitu memperbaiki rencana, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Adapun prosedur pengembangan model tindakan yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 234, "width": 45, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siklus 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 332, "width": 274, "height": 221, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siklus 2 Siklus 2 Gambar 2 Prosedur penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 83, "top": 254, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rencana Tindakan I", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 287, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan Tindakan 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 378, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Observasi Pelaksanaan Refleksi Tindakan I Rencana Tindakan 2 Pelaksanaan Tindakan 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 373, "top": 434, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Observasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 346, "top": 449, "width": 110, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan 2 Refleksi Tindakan 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 479, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rekomendasi", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 290, "top": 37, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 153", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian di atas dapat diterjemahkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 118, "width": 204, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Rencana tindakan, yaitu menyusun rencana tindakan meliputi menyusun perencanaan dimulai dari pembuatan rencana kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok, lembar kegiatan siswa, pedoman observasi keaktifan siswa, daftar cek, format observasi keaktifan siswa, angket respon siswa terhadap", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 234, "width": 190, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penggunaan tehnik bimbingan kelompok, format observasi pelaksanaan kegiatan bimbingan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 278, "width": 190, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kelompok oleh guru dengan menggunakan Teknik Modeling Simbolis, format diskusi balikan serta instrumen lainnya yang dibutuhkan selama penelitian. Penyusunan tersebut dilakukan bekerja sama antara peneliti dengan observer.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 79, "top": 380, "width": 204, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan tindakan, yaitu praktek teknik yang nyata dilakukan oleh guru/peneliti dan siswa berdasarkan rencana tindakan yang telah disusun sebelumnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 453, "width": 204, "height": 228, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Observasi pelaksanaan, adalah proses mendokumentasikan pengaruh, kendala, tindakan serta persoalan yang mungkin ada pada saat kegiatan bimbingan kelompok berlangsung. Pada saat observasi, observer mengamati proses Teknik Modeling Simbolis dengan mencatat kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh peneliti dan siswa, serta mencatat kendala-kendala yang dihadapi peneliti dalam menggunakan tehnik bimbingan kelompok. Hasil observasi itu akan mendasari refleksi untuk tindakan yang telah dilakukan dan dijadikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 671, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertimbangan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 685, "width": 190, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyusun rencana tindakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 700, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "selanjutnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 714, "width": 204, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Refleksi tindakan, yaitu menjelaskan setiap efek-efeknya dari kegagalan pelaksanaan denan menggunakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 89, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik Modeling", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 479, "top": 89, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simbolis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 103, "width": 190, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rekomendasi ini hasil kolaborasi antara guru/peneliti dan observer, dengan mendiskusikan kelebihan dan kekurangan serta pengaruhnya dalam kegiatan Modeling Simbolis pada setiap tindakan selama penelitian berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 235, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 250, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Deskripsi Kondisi Awal (Pra-Siklus)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 265, "width": 211, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada kondisi awal penulis mendapatkan data dari hasil assesment inventory tugas perkembangan (ITP) yang menunjukkan bahwa landasan tugas perkembangan religius dari kelas IX.D memperoleh nilai yang paling rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai tugas perkembangan yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 381, "width": 212, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel profil kelompok kelas IX.D, dapat di lihat bahwa pencapaian tugas perkembangan pada aspek landasan hidup religius siswa kelas IX.D", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 439, "width": 211, "height": 127, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMP Negeri 34 Bandung memiliki nilai pencapaian tugas perkembangan paling rendah dibanding dengan nilai aspek tugas perkembangan yang lain yaitu dinyatakan dengan nila rata-rata baru mencapai 2,95 atau hanya sekitar 51,8 % dari yang seharusnya dicapai dalam nilai pencapaian tugas dari perkembangan yang tertinggi yaitu 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 570, "width": 214, "height": 185, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahwa tugas perkembangan landasan hidup religius IX.D pada butir aspek sikap keimanan masih ada di tahap 3 (Tingkat Konformistik). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka layanan bimbingan dan konseling, melalui bidang bimbingan sosial-pribadi di kelas IX.D akan memprioritaskan bagaimana sikap keimanan mereka untuk mengarah ke tingkat sadar diri, dengan ciri-ciri : mampu berpikir alternatif, melihat harapan dan berbagai kemungkinan dalam situasi, peduli untuk mengambil manfaat dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "154 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kesempatan yang ada, orientasi pemecahan masalah, memikirkan cara hidup serta, penyesuaian terhadap situasi dan peranan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 147, "width": 186, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Deskripsi Siklus I a. Perencanaan Tindakan Siklus I", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 214, "height": 126, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada perencanaan tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang berulang dan berkelanjutan dari siklus pertama dan siklus kedua. Setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahap kegiatan yang meliputi a. tahap perencanaan ( planning ), b. tahap implementasi tindakan ( acting ), c. tahap observasi ( observing ) dan d. tahap refleksi ( reflecting ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 322, "width": 214, "height": 272, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan Pada kegiatan Bimbingan dan Konseling ini tahap awal, guru memberikan Perhatian (atensi) Dalam belajar melalui pengamatan, para siswa harus memberi perhatian atau atensi pada suatu model, mengamati, dan mengingat perilaku dari sang model melalui tayangan. Perilaku yang diamati tersebut harus menghasilkan dampak yang dapat ditangkap oleh panca indra dan memberikan manfaat yang lebih bagi si pengamat yaitu para siswa. Adanya partisipasi dari semua anggota kelompok siswa karena yang diutamakan adalah adanya modeling simbolis lewat video pembelajaran untuk membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peserta kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 211, "height": 141, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada saat guru membagi kelompok untuk diskusi ada beberapa anak tidak merespon terhadap kegiatan tersebut. Guru mengajak siswa untuk mengingatkan aktivitas religius yang biasa dilaksakan di rumah, namun masih ada siswa yang belum menyimak, bahkan ada yang memainkan handphone . Diharapkan semua peserta aktif berpendapat dan mencurahkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 729, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pendapat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 729, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan permasalahan yang dihadapi masing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masing yang tidak sengaja mungkin peserta lain akan dapat membaca permasalahan yang sebenarnya terjadi pada anggota kelompoknya sehingga mereka dapat memberikan masukan dan saran secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 176, "width": 212, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pendapat dari para siswa diujung kegiatan inti penulis menjelaskan tentang pengertian yang benar tentang perilaku tugas perkembangan landasan religius yang sebaiknya sudah terinternalisasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Para siswa mengadakan Representasi Yaitu menirukan tingkah laku yang akan ditiru sebaiknya harus disimbolisasi dalam ingatan, baik berupa bentuk verbal,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "gambar dan imajinasi. Verbal memungkinkan para siswa mengevaluasi secara verbal tingkah laku yang diamati, mana yang dibuang dan mana yang dicoba untuk dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 423, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hasil Pengamatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 438, "width": 212, "height": 228, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan semangat dalam mengikuti kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis , para siswa merasa leluasa dalam menyampaikan pendapatnya tanpa ada rasa takut. Mereka terlihat gembira dan tanpa beban untuk menjawab ataupun melakukan semua kegiatan menirukan dari hasil menonton tayagan dengan penuh keceriaan tanpa merasa terpaksa tapi mereka suka untuk masuk dalam suasana yang penuh keakraban. Para siswa merasa satu kelas, senasib dan sepenanggungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 671, "width": 212, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan angket Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, terdapat rata-rata 54.68, ditemukan ada 36 orang siswa kelas IX.D yang Kurang dan cukup dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, ini berarti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 37, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 155", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan hampir 54% siswa, kurang adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius masih berdasarkan pujian, mengerjakan karena perintah bukan kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual yang wajib saja. Hanya 2 orang yang tuntas (5.26%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 211, "height": 228, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rata-ratanya adalah 54.78 terdapat sebanyak 25 orang siswa atau 65,78 % dalam Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius menunjukkan aktivitas yang kurang dalam mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan kelompok, ini berarti pada aktivitas siswa siklus I, menunjukkan kegiatan bimbingan kelompok yang belum maksimal karena pada siklus ini belum dapat diikuti secara baik dan menyeluruh oleh seluruh siswa kelas IX.D. Meskipun 34.21 % siswa kegiatan bimbingan kelompok dengan baik, namun jumlah ini belum cukup untuk membuat seluruh siswa dapat mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan kelompok dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 423, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Refleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 438, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perubahan perilaku siswa dalam kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok sudah nampak ada sedikit perubahan yang ditimbulkannya dari pada saat prasiklus, walaupun belum begitu kelihatan karena setelah diberikannya tindakan siklus satu dari hasil pengamatan maupun dari catatan guru bimbingan dan konseling masih ditemui anak yang bertengkar di sekolah meskipun ada pengurangan jumlah peserta didik yang bertengkar di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 211, "height": 127, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini mungkin lebih memberikan nuansa tersendiri bagi peserta bimbingan kelompok karena kemungkinan dapat menyentuh perasaan dan pemahaman yang lebih baik pada peserta didik. Mengingat suasana kegiatan bukan seperti suasana belajar mengajar di kelas melainkan suasana yang kekeluargaan, merasa senasib dan sepermasalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk itu perlu dilaksanakan siklus II dengan perbaikan –perbaikan yang dilakukan oleh guru yaitu guru mengoptimalisasikan tahapan bimbingan, guru memberikan reward kepada siswa yang aktif dalam diskusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 176, "width": 179, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Deskripsi Pelaksanaan Siklus 2 a. Perencanaan Tindakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 205, "width": 214, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siklus 2 pertemuan 1 akan dilaksanakan pada hari Rabu tanggal 7 Agustus 2018 Penulis menggunakan jam layanan klasikal bimbingan dan konseling yang telah terjadwal, dengan waktu @ 2 X 40 menit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 307, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 322, "width": 215, "height": 242, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian tindakan kelas kali ini penulis mencatat ada banyak peningkatan perilaku positif pada peserta didik kelas IX.D. adanya partisipasi dari semua anggota kelompok karena yang diutamakan adalah adanya dinamika kelompok untuk membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peserta kelompok. Pada saat guru membagi kelompok untuk diskusi ada seluruh anak merespon terhadap kegiatan tersebut. Guru mengajak siswa untuk mengingatkan aktivitas religius yang biasa dilaksakan di rumah, siswa menyimak secara positif, Sudah tidak ada yang memainkan handphone .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 583, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hasil Pengamatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 598, "width": 212, "height": 97, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan semangat dalam mengikuti kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis , mereka merasa leluasa dalam menyampaikan pendapatnya tanpa ada rasa takut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 700, "width": 214, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mereka terlihat gembira dan tanpa beban untuk menjawab ataupun melakukan semua kegiatan permainan dengan penuh keceriaan tanpa merasa terpaksa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "156 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tapi mereka suka untuk masuk dalam suasana yang penuh kekeluargaan, mereka merasa satu kelas, senasib dan sepenanggungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 132, "width": 211, "height": 214, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari tabel 4.3. angket tugas kegiatan religius Siklus 2 , rata-ratanya adalah 86,05 sudah dapat sangat baik. hal tersebut berarti terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada siklus 2 yaitu 100 % tingkat perubahan prilakunya di antaranya dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius sudah berdasarkan kedasaran individu, tidak berdasarkan pujian mengerjakan karena perintah menjadi kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual tidak hanya yang wajib teati yang sunah pun dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Refleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 380, "width": 211, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian tindakan kelas kali ini penulis mencatat adanya peningkatan positif pada peserta didik kelas IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung Tahun Ajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2018/2019. ini ditunjukan dengan sebanyak 81,07% atau 34 orang siswa dapat mengikuti kegiatan kegiatan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 496, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 211, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini, secara empirik telah terbukti bahwa penggunaan Teknik Modeling Simbolis dapat meningkatkan motivasi siswa dalam kegiatan Bimbingan Konseling di kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 642, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 656, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PTK ini telah jelas terlihat berhasil mampu Meningkatkan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius Siswa melalui Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis di Kelas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 103, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aktivitas siswa dan peneliti guru menunjukan peningkatan. Hasil Siklus I angket Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, rata-rata 54.68, ada 36 orang siswa kelas IX.D yang Kurang dan cukup dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 191, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Religius, ini berarti menunjukkan hampir 54% siswa. Melaksanakan Tugas Perkembangan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 234, "width": 211, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Landasan Religius masih berdasarkan pujian, mengerjakan karena perintah bukan kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual yang wajib saja. Hanya 2 orang yang tuntas 5.26%. rata- ratanya adalah 54.78 terdapat sebanyak 25 orang siswa atau 65,78 % dalam Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 212, "height": 272, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Religius menunjukkan aktivitas yang kurang dalam mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan kelompok. Hasil Siklus 2, angket Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius Siklus 2 , rata-ratanya adalah 86,05 sebanyak 38 orang siswa sudah dapat sangat baik,baik. hal tersebut berarti terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada siklus 2 yaitu 100 % tingkat perubahan prilakunya di antaranya dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius sudah berdasarkan kedasaran individu, tidak berdasrkan pujian mengerjakan karena perintah menjadi kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual tidak hanya yang wajib taati yang sunah pun dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 613, "width": 212, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian maka penggunaan Teknik Modeling Simbolis terbukti dapat meningkatkan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius Siswa dalam Bimbingan Konseling di Kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 37, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 454, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arumsari, C. (2016). Konseling Individual Dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Kontrol Diri. Jurnal Konseling GUSJIGANG , 2 (1). Bhakti, C. P. (2015). Bimbingan Dan Konseling Komprehensif: Dari Paradigma Menuju Aksi. Jurnal Fokus Konseling , 1 (2). Elizabeth B,Hurlock.(1978). Perkembangan Anak .Jakarta : Erlangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 154, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Habsy, B. A. (2017). Filosofi ilmu bimbingan dan konseling Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori dan Praktik) , 2 (1), 1-11. Latipun. (2008). Bimbingan dan Konseling . Jakarta : Erlangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 194, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lestari, I. (2015). Pengembangan Layanan Informasi Teknik Symbolic Model Dalam Membantu Mengembangkan Kemandirian Belajaranak Usia Sekolah Dasar. 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d2f289ca-e9a9-d745-f5cf-80b4f0a16c27	https://journal.stitaf.ac.id/index.php/ibtida/article/download/606/658	[ { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 191, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IBTIDA’ : Media Komunikasi Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 427, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah p-ISSN: 2722-8452 (Print) Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19 e- ISSN: 2722-8290 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ ibtida’. https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 798, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 123, "width": 408, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI TOLERANSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI TINGKAT DASAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 165, "width": 241, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. Wahib 1 , Ahmad Isro’il 2, Khubni Maghfirotun 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 178, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3 Universitas Billfath, Lamongan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 253, "width": 384, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 18 Desember 2023; Received in revised form 04 April 2024; Accepted 05 April 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 287, "width": 44, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 304, "width": 428, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai toleransi penting ditanamkan kepada peserta didik sejak masih di tingkat dasar karena toleransi merupakan salah satu nilai dasar yang terkandung dalam ajaran Agama. Akan tetapi belum ada penelitian yang mengaji tentang Internalisasi nilai toleransi khususnya dalam pembelajaran matematikadi tingkat dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginternalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar, peneitian ini adalah penelitian studi literatur dengan tahapan pengumpulan data, analisis data kemudian penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah alternatif yang dapat dilakukan dalam internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar melalui simbol positif negatif dan volume balok. Hal ini dapat dianalogikan dengan sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan pendapat, keyakinan, atau pandangan. dengan memberikan contoh-contoh konkret tentang konsep matematika yang dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai toleransi, guru dapat membantu peserta didik untuk memahami dan menginternalisasi nilai toleransi. Sehingga melalui pembelajaran matematika guru dapat menanamkan nilai nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 294, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : internalisasi; pembelajaran matematika; toleransi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 527, "width": 46, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The value of tolerance is important to be instilled in students since an elementary level because tolerance is one of the basic values contained in religious teachings. However, there has been no research that examines the internalization of tolerance values, especially in mathematics learning at the elementary level. This research aims to internalize the value of tolerance in mathematics learning at the elementary level. This research is a literature study research. The results of this research are alternatives that can be carried out in internalizing the value of tolerance in mathematics learning at the elementary level through positive negative symbols and block volumes. This can be analogous to an attitude of mutual respect and respect for differences in opinions, beliefs or views. By providing concrete examples of mathematical concepts that can be analogous to the value of tolerance, teachers can help students understand and internalize the value of tolerance. So that through learning mathematics teachers can instill the values of tolerance in learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 282, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : internalization; mathematics learning; tolerance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 199, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "email :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 238, "top": 199, "width": 123, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected] 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 101, "width": 204, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan negara yang majemuk dengan keberagaman suku, agama, bahasa, dan budaya. Pemerintah Indonesia mengakui dan mempromosikan keberagaman ini sebagai kekuatan dan kekayaan negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 202, "height": 160, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Hutabarat, 2016). Meskipun terdapat tantangan dalam mengelola keberagaman ini, upaya terus dilakukan untuk membangun kesatuan dan kerukunan di antara berbagai kelompok masyarakat. Sehingga perlu adanya pondasi yang kuat di masyarakat untuk menyikapi tantangan atas kemajemukan masyarakat yang ada di Indonesia.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 360, "width": 201, "height": 208, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tolensi merupakan salah satu nilai yang perlu di tanamkan sejak dini atau sejak usia sekolah di tingkat dasar, sebagai pondasi yang utama dalam menghadapi kemajemakan yang ada di Indonesia (Sari, Zultrianti, Fitriyani, & Amalia, 2020) (Nuswantari, 2018). Toleransi bukan hanya tentang menghindari konflik atau ketegangan, tetapi juga menciptakan lingkungan yang inklusif di mana setiap individu merasa dihormati dan diakui (Rahmawati & Fatmawati, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 202, "height": 143, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengenalan nilai nilai toleransi di dunia Pendidikan kita, di lapangan hanya fokus mata pelajaran tertentu saja, sebagai contoh hanya mata pelajaran PAI dan PKN saja yang mengenalkan konsep nilai-nilai toleransi. Padahal pengenalan dan pengamalan nilai-nilai toleransi bisa di intergrasikan melalu seluruh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 716, "width": 201, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "matapelajaran. Sehingga seluruh guru ada kewajiban menanamkan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengenalkan nilai nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran di kelas, terutama pembelajaran matematika. Karena di sekolah sekolah, matematika hanya fokus sama pengembangan pengetahun atau ilmu berpikir (Isro'il & Supriyanto, 2020).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 198, "width": 204, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu alternatif dalam internalisasi nilai toleransi pada Pendidikan dasar di sekolah adalah melalui pembelajaran matematika (Hairullah, Pasani, & Sari, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 279, "width": 201, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam hal ini pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 312, "width": 201, "height": 62, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan ruang dalam menamkan nilai nilai toleransi dalam kehidupan (Prabowo & Sidi, 2010) (Nufus, Zulfani, Firdaus, Agustina, & Fadhilah, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 376, "width": 202, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagaimana konsep matematika sendiri memberikan ruang gerak dalam usaha mewujudkan manusia manusia yang menerima perbedaan dalam memecahkan suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 457, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "permasalahan (Isro'il & Supriyanto,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 474, "width": 201, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2020) (Nafi'an, Ahmadi, Muttaqin, & Afifah, 2023) (Nurkarim, Qonita, &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 506, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isroil, 2024). Ini terlihat setiap operasi dalam matematika, berpotensi berbeda cara penyelesaian dan berbeda jawaban, pembelajaran matematika juga dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan peserta didik tentang perbedaan dan keragaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 619, "width": 202, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan peneliti, pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar cenderung fokus pada aspek kognitif dan keterampilan matematika (Susanti, Retnawati, Arliani, & Irfan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 700, "width": 201, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023). Padahal pembelajaran matematika dapat di internalisasikan pada nilai-nilai karakter, salah satunya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 36, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahib , Internalisasi Nilai Toleransi … 13", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "adalah nilai toleransi. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 201, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 122, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 201, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi literatur, karena penelitian ini mengkaji literatur-leiteratur secara tertulis dari artikel ilmiah dan sumber yang lain (Sugiyono, 2016). Studi literatur digunakan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 201, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menganalisis literatur internalisasi nilai tolerani yang dapat di terapkan dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar. Dalam studi literatur ini diawali dengan pengumpulan data dari artikel atau buku yang berkaitan tentang nilai toleransi dan internalisasi toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika. Dari data tersebut kemudian di analisis, kemudia penarikan kesimpulan kita lakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 144, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 490, "width": 201, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagian ini kita akan bahas bagaimana seorang guru melakukan internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar. Nilai toleransi merupakan nilai penting yang perlu ditanamkan sejak dini, karena dapat membantu peserta didik untuk menjadi pribadi yang toleran dan menghargai perbedaan. Internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam matematika adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 668, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Penggunaan simbol (+) dan (-)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 201, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagianpertama ini kita akan fokus dalam pembelajaran matematika tentang simbol (+) dan (-), karena penggunaan symbol tersebut bisa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan guru dalam menginternalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran mateatika di tingkat dasar.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 150, "width": 202, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Symbol (+) dan (-) dalam berbagai keadaan (Dewi, 2023) (Imaludin & Lusyana, 2023) dapat kita jabarkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 214, "width": 201, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai operasi hitung, symbol (+) digunakan untuk penjumlahan, sedangkan (-) digunakan untuk pengurangan. Sebagai contoh \"3 + 2\" dibaca tiga ditambah dua dan “ 4 − 2\" dibaca empat dikurangi dua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 312, "width": 202, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai penyusun bilangan, symbol (+) digunakan untuk menunjukan nilai positif, sedangkan (-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 360, "width": 202, "height": 225, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ") digunakan untuk menunjukan nilai negatif. sebagai contoh \" + 5\" dibaca positif lima dan \" − 5\" dibaca negatif lima. Jika kita cermati penggunaan ini kita dapat menginternalisasi pembelajaran matematika secara langsung untuk menanamkan nilai toleransi dan belajar menerima perbedaan dalam fungsi dan tempat, karena dalam pembelajaran tersebut menerapkan bagaimana kita harus mampu menempatkan sesuatu sesuai dengan keadaan dan lingkuran sekitar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 587, "width": 202, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atau dapat kita simpulkan \"menempatkan sesuai dengan tempatnya\" dapat mencerminkan sikap toleransi (Hutabarat, 2016). Misalnya, dalam konteks interaksi sosial, toleransi dapat tercermin dalam perilaku yang menghormati dan mengakui keberagaman pendapat atau pandangan, meskipun kita mungkin tidak selalu setuju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam situasi tertentu, \"menempatkan sesuai dengan tempatnya\" mungkin memerlukan kebijakan atau etika tertentu agar berbagai elemen masyarakat dapat berinteraksi secara harmonis. Toleransi dapat membantu masyarakat untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 201, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mencapai keseimbangan antara hak individu dan norma-norma sosial tanpa merugikan hak-hak atau martabat individu (Nuswantari, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 273, "width": 212, "height": 241, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Ukuran balok yang memiliki volume 𝟑𝟔 𝒄𝒎 𝟑 Kemungkinan alternatif jawaban terhadap soal nomor 2 yaitu menggambar Balok yang volumenya adalah 36 𝑐𝑚 3 . Hal ini dikarenakan oleh banyaknya variasi balok yang dapat memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 Berikut adalah beberapa alternatif jawaban balok yang volumenya adalah 36 𝑐𝑚 3 . a. Balok dengan ukuran 2 𝑐𝑚 × 2 𝑐𝑚 × 9 𝑐𝑚 Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 517, "width": 44, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 533, "width": 96, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 565, "width": 86, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑡 = tinggi balok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 597, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 85, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 2 × 2 × 9 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 117, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 2𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 2 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 9 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 198, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 360, "width": 185, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 9 × 2 × 2 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 393, "width": 188, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 9𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 2 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 474, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 619, "width": 188, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 2 × 9 × 2 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 2𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 9 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 669, "width": 361, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Balok dengan ukuran 1 𝑐𝑚 × 4 𝑐𝑚 × 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 377, "top": 262, "width": 148, "height": 357, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 316, "top": 36, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahib , Internalisasi Nilai Toleransi … 15", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 134, "width": 44, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 150, "width": 96, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 182, "width": 86, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑡 = tinggi balok Alternatif 1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 360, "width": 185, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 1 × 4 × 9 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 393, "width": 188, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 1𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 4 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 9 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 636, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 9 × 1 × 4 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 668, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 9𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 1 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 4 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 85, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 247, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 4 × 9 × 1 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 279, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 4𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 9 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 21𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 360, "width": 203, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Balok dengan ukuran 3 𝑐𝑚 ×", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 378, "width": 61, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3𝑐𝑚 × 4𝑐𝑚", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 391, "width": 187, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 456, "width": 97, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok 𝑡 = tinggi balok Alternatif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 666, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 3 × 3 × 4 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 698, "width": 188, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 140, "width": 375, "height": 514, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑡 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Panjang = 3𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 3 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 4 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 187, "height": 128, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 3 × 4 × 3 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 3 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 4 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 3 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 555, "width": 188, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 4 × 3 × 3 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 4𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 3 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 668, "width": 203, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Balok dengan ukuran 1 𝑐𝑚 ×", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 685, "width": 71, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 𝑐𝑚 × 12 𝑐𝑚", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 698, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 85, "width": 97, "height": 79, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan 𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok 𝑡 = tinggi balok Alternatif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 312, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 1 × 3 × 12 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 344, "width": 188, "height": 79, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 1 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 3 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 12 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 193, "width": 374, "height": 473, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 12 × 1 × 3 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 12 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 1 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 316, "top": 36, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahib , Internalisasi Nilai Toleransi … 17", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 247, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 3 × 12 × 1 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 279, "width": 187, "height": 63, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 3 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 12 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 1 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 201, "height": 208, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif dari bentuk balok atau ukuran balok di atas terdiri dari beberapa alternatif akan tetapi hasilnya tetap, sehingga nilai yang di dapat adalah seseorang boleh menggunakan berbagai cara dalam menuju sesuatu walaupun secara hasilnya tetap sama. Hal ini di analogikan dengan nilai toleransi yaitu sikap yang tidak memaksakan kehendak kepada orang lain, tetapi menghargai perbedaan dan kebebasan orang lain (Shihab, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 201, "height": 192, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T oleransi adalah prinsip yang telah tertanam dalam jiwa melalui perwujudan sikap untuk menerima berbagai pandangan atau pendirian orang lain, meskipun berbeda pemikiran dengannya (Badawi, 1992). Secara umum, toleransi dapat didefinisikan sebagai sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan pendapat, keyakinan, atau pandangan, meskipun berbeda dengan diri sendiri. Toleransi merupakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 63, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "prinsip penting dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, karena dapat menciptakan kerukunan dan kedamaian.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 166, "width": 144, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 183, "width": 204, "height": 386, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan contoh-contoh konkret tentang konsep matematika yang dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai toleransi. Dalam teks di atas, dua contoh yang diberikan adalah: penggunaan symbol (+) dan (- ) yang memiliki penggunaan yang berbeda jika berada di keadaan yang berbeda. Hal ini dapat dianalogikan dengan sikap toleransi yaitu sikap yang mampu beradaptasi di lingkungan yang berbeda. Gambarlah bangun ruang balok yang volumenya adalah 36 𝑐𝑚 3 Ada banyak bangun ruang balok yang dapat memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 . Jawabannya tidak tunggal, dan semua jawabannya dapat diterima secara logika. Hal ini juga dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai toleransi, yaitu sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan pendapat, keyakinan, atau pandangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 210, "width": 363, "height": 537, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum, internalisasi nilai tasamuh dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat dilakukan dengan cara: (1) Memberikan contoh-contoh konkret tentang konsep matematika yang dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai tasamuh (2) Membimbing siswa untuk memahami konsep matematika dengan cara yang berbeda-beda (3) Menghargai perbedaan pendapat siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal 𝑝 = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 124, "width": 68, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑙 = 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 1 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "matematika. Dengan melakukan hal- hal di atas, guru dapat membantu peserta didik untuk memahami dan menginternalisasi nilai tasamuh. Nilai tasamuh merupakan nilai penting yang perlu ditanamkan sejak dini, karena dapat membantu siswa untuk menjadi pribadi yang toleran dan menghargai perbedaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 107, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 198, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Badawi, A. (1992). Kamus al-Mu'jam al- Wasith. 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d07a2a9f-cd68-865d-1130-cb9b318fbae0	https://journal.unibos.ac.id/eco/article/download/2132/1424	[ { "left": 513, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "82", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 194, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 88, "width": 442, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gamifikasi Aplikasi Kuliner Berbasis Web Sebagai Strategi E-Marketing Produk Bahan Pangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 132, "width": 427, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gamification of Web-Based Culinary Applications as an E-Marketing Strategy for Food Products", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 169, "width": 353, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rini Nur * , Muhammad Nur Yasir Utomo, Nur Ayu Farahgta Fansab", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 186, "width": 427, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Email: [email protected] Program Studi Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan, Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 218, "width": 213, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima: 03 Januari 2023 / Disetujui: 30 April 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 242, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 261, "width": 451, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi kuliner yang berisi ribuan resep masakan memiliki peluang untuk pengembangan stategi e- marketing. Tidak sedikit penyaji resep masakan secara eksplisit menuliskan bahan yang digunakan dengan merek produk yang hanya menguntungkan perusahaan terkait. Penyebutan ini, secara tidak langsung membuat penyaji resep merekomendasikan produk tersebut kepada para pembaca resep. Akan tetapi, penyaji resep tidak mendapatkan feedback apapun dari perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan aplikasi kuliner berbasis web yang di dalamnya menerapkan konsep gamifikasi guna memaksimalkan e-marketing dan sosial bisnis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan, sedangkan data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Alur gamifikasi dimodelkan dalam Graph Database karena unsur-unsur terkait memiliki keterhubungan data satu sama lain yang sangat kuat. Selain memaksimalkan stategi e-marketing melalui aplikasi kuliner, user yang terlibat di dalamnya pun akan mendapatkan benefit dari penyebutan merek bahan pangan tersebut melalui konsep bisnis sosial. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan metode blackbox testing, disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ini berjalan sesuai fungsi dari setiap fitur berdasarkan kondisi masukan. Hasil uji coba melalui kuesioner dengan total 45 responden dimana kinerja sistem menunjukkan nilai 99,98%, pengaruh gamifikasi dalam sistem untuk user menunjukkan nilai 97.7% dan kepuasan responden terhadap user interface menunjukan nilai 91.1%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 470, "width": 249, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: E-marketing, Gamifikasi, Graph Database", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 495, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 513, "width": 451, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Culinary applications that contain thousands of recipes have opportunities for the development of e- marketing strategies. Not a few recipe presenters explicitly write down the ingredients used with product brands that only benefit the related company. This mention indirectly makes the recipe presenter recommend the product to the recipe readers. However, the recipe presenter did not receive any feedback from the company. This study aims to implement web-based culinary applications in which the concept of gamification is applied to maximize e-marketing and social business. The type of research used is development research, while the data is analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The gamification flow is modeled in the Graph Database because related elements have very strong data connectivity with each other. In addition to maximizing the e-marketing strategy through culinary applications, users who are involved in it will also benefit from mentioning the food brand through the concept of social business. Based on the test results using the blackbox testing method, it is concluded that this application runs according to the function of each feature based on input conditions. The test results through a questionnaire with a total of 45 respondents where the performance of the system shows a value of 99.98%, the effect of gamification in the system for users shows a value of 97.7% and respondents' satisfaction with the user interface shows a value of 91.1%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 721, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : E-marketing, Gamification, Graph Database", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 742, "width": 331, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 CC-BY International license", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 29, "width": 104, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN: 1411-3597 e-ISSN: 2527-7286 DOI: 10.35965/eco.v23i1.2132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "83", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 207, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi kuliner pada umumnya menyajikan berbagai jenis resep masakan yang memiliki rincian bahan dan cara pembuatannya (Muludi et al, 2016; Nurkasanah & Hakim, 2022). Beberapa sumber informasi resep kuliner yang paling banyak diminati secara berurut adalah website, media sosial, lalu aplikasi mobile (Erdiana, 2018). Beberapa aplikasi web kuliner seperti cookpad.com memiliki sistem layaknya media sosial (Erdiana, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 207, "height": 259, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media sosial berperan penting dalam membangun Public Relations (Topan & Widiasanty, 2022). Adapun tujuan dan sasarannya adalah memperoleh keuntungan bersama antara masyarakat dan perusahaan (Lestari & Nurhajati, 2019). Keuntungan kedua belah pihak ini dapat membangun konsep sosial bisnis antara perusahaan dan masyarakat. Sosial bisnis ini bertujuan menciptakan dampak positif yang menggunakan aliran pendapatan untuk menjaga berkelanjutan finansial (Fuadi et al ., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 207, "height": 115, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep sosial bisnis pada umumnya dapat diterapkan pada sebuah aplikasi seperti aplikasi kuliner (Leofitri, 2021). Penyaji resep masakan secara eksplisit menuliskan bahan yang digunakan dengan merek produk yang hanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 301, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menguntungkan perusahaan terkait karena secara tidak langsung, penyaji resep merekomendasikan produk tersebut kepada para pembaca resep. Namun demikian, konsep sosial bisnis ini seringkali tidak berhasil berjalan dengan baik karena kurangnya apresiasi perusahaan kepada pengguna aplikasi yang telah mempromosikan brand dan produk perusahan (Damayanti & Bulan, 2018). Padahal, dengan apresiasi pada pengguna, perusahaan dapat menerapkan e-marketing dengan konsep sosial bisnis agar pengguna dapat lebih banyak mempromosikan produk perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 398, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Pertiwi et al , 2019; Erpurini et al , 2023)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 419, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengatasi masalah social bisnis, beberapa penelitian telah mencoba menerapkan beberapa metode seperti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 481, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penerapan gamifikasi (Saputra &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 502, "width": 207, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Handani, 2016). Gamifikasi merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman, loyalty, brand awareness, dan motivasi pengguna dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli (Wulandari et al .,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 626, "width": 207, "height": 115, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022). Namun demikian penerapa gamifikasi pada penelitian sebelumnya menemui kendala terkait database yang masih menggunakan SQL. Banyaknya relasi data yang akan muncul terkait perilaku sosial bisnis pada aplikasi secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "84", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak langsung membuat beban kerja database menjadi meningkat signifikan (Hadinata, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan aplikasi kuliner berbasis web yang di dalamnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menerapkan konsep gamifikasi guna memaksimalkan e-marketing dan sosial bisnis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 301, "width": 210, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengembangan, sedangkan data yang dihasilkan dianalisis secara kuantitatif, kemudian dideskripsikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 384, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut ini merupakan tahapan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 557, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Alur Metode Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 577, "width": 207, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis kebutuhan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan yang bersumber dari masalah yang ada sehingga perancangan sistem dibangun sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Adapun kebutuhan dari analisis masalah yang telah dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 191, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Daftar Kebutuhan Fungsional No Aktor Fungsi 1 Admin - Menambahkan user perusahaan, - Manajemen data (bahan, user , perusahaan, resep, dll) 2 Perusahaan - Melihat, menambah, dan menghapus voucher yang tersedia 3 Pengguna - Mengupload resep, - Menukar voucher , - Melihat log poin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 275, "width": 208, "height": 384, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini diperlukan sebuah desain dan perancangan sistem sebagai acuan penelitian dan bertujuan untuk menentukan desain atau skema dari sebuah sistem yang akan di bangun. Rancangan pertama ialah gambaran umum sistem yang menjelaskan tentang komponen-komponen yang terlibat secara umum. Sistem yang dibangun terdiri dari Web di mana web tersebut menggunakan database Neo4j dan terhubung pada tiga user yakni admin, perusahaan, dan user umum. Gamifikasi dikelola pada web server, admin dan perusahaan mengolah fungsionalnya melalui web admin, sebaliknya user dihubungkan dengan konsep gamifikasi melalui web server dan mengolah fungsionalnya melalui web user.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "85", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 232, "width": 168, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Gambaran Umum Sistem", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 252, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan kedua ialah diagram Use", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 207, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Case yang digunakan untuk mengetahui fungsi apa saja yang ada di dalam sistem dan siapa saja yang berhak menggunakan fungsi-fungsi tersebut. Adapun Use Case adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 525, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Diagram Use Case", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 544, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan ketiga yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 207, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipersiapkan yaitu rancangan database yang mengacu pada analisis kebutuhan, diagram sequence, dan diagram usecase, adapun rancangan database adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 260, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Pemodelan Graph Database", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 279, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Database yang dirancang dalam pembuatan sistem terdiri dari 5 node yaitu Person, Resep, Voucher, Perusahaan, dan Bahan yang masing-masing memiliki Property Keys seperti pada gambar. Terdapat 5 relation types yaitu have_poin, have_product, have_recipe, log_poin, dan claim_voucher.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 445, "width": 208, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan keempat ialah rancangan gamifikasi. Elemen-elemen yang akan dilibatkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan tujuan dari penulis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 346, "top": 713, "width": 125, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Alur Gamifikasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5 diatas memperlihatkan bahwa: (i). User mendapatkan poin jika melakukan post resep menggunakan produk dari perusahaan tertentu. (ii). User dapat menerima manfaat dari poin yang dimiki dengan cara menukarkan poin dengan voucher. (iii). User akan memiliki level dan badge sesuai jumlah kontribusi / post. Level dan badge dapat dijelaskan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 295, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Tabel Poin level Serta Badge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 313, "width": 186, "height": 180, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Level Poin Level Badge 1 Level 1 0 poin Tidak ada badge 2 Level 2 15 poin Tidak ada badge 3 Level 3 75 poin Tidak ada badge 4 Level 4 250 poin 5 Level 5 500 poin 6 Level 6 1.500 poin 7 Level 7 5.000 poin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 513, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Level 8 15.000 poin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 542, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Level 9 50.000 poin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 572, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Level 10 100.000 poin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara menguji keberhasilan dari sisi sistem gamifikasi melalui uji Blackbox dan dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sisi kemudahan penggunaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 691, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengujian melalui", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 207, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kuesioner user. Blackbox digunakan untuk mengetahui modul-modul apa saja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang sudah berjalan sesuai dengan rancangan (Muhtadibillah, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 129, "width": 207, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengetahui sebagaimana berhasil aplikasi dapat digunakan oleh user (Susilo, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 198, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 218, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi web publik yang digunakan pengguna untuk mengunggah resep.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 280, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Database", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 301, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam relationship have poin, terdapat properties key yakni ID dan Poin, di mana poin akan berisi total poin dari perusahaan terkait terhadap user. Akan terperbarui sesuai dengan poin yang dimiliki user. Properties Key inilah yang ditampilkan pada aplikasi untuk total poin per perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 616, "width": 150, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Hasil Query Database", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 641, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hasil Sistem Aplikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 662, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem aplikasi dibangun berbasis website sehingga dapat digunakan user untuk mengupload resep dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 724, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mendapatkan benefit dari gamifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "87", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7 memperlihatkan contoh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tampilan aplikasi.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 119, "top": 408, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Tampilan Aplikasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Hasil Pengujian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Pengujian Blackbox dapat dilihat pada dilihat pada tabel 3, 4, 5 dan 6 berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 516, "width": 201, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Profil No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan tombol poin Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol resep Berhasil 3 Menekan tombol tambah resep Berhasil Tabel 4. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Poin No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan poin berdasarkan perusahaan Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol log poin Berhasil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 672, "width": 187, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Menekan tombol tukar Berhasil 4 Menekan voucher Berhasil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 208, "height": 244, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Beranda No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan resep Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol register Berhasil Tabel 6. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Admin No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan tombol login Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol tambah bahan Berhasil 3 Menekan tombol tambah voucher Berhasil 4 Menekan tombol tambah user Berhasil 5 Menekan tombol tambah perusahaan Berhasil Berdasarkan hasil analisis kuesioner, tingkat kepuasan user terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 207, "height": 197, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sistem dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner secara random pada 45 orang. Adapun metode pengisian kuisioner yang digunakan ialah menggunakan metode skala Likert dan skala Guttman. Skala yang digunakan ialah 1 untuk ‘sangat tidak setuju’, 2 untuk ‘tidak setuju’, 3 untuk ‘cukup’, 4 untuk ‘setuju’ dan 5 untuk ‘sangat setuju’. Hasil yang diperolah dijabarkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 549, "width": 206, "height": 191, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Kuesioner Terhadap User Interface Sistem No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Pemilihan warna 0 2.2 8.9 40 48.9 2 Tombol- tombol mudah digunakan 0 2.2 13.3 26.7 57,8 3 Tata letak komponen 0 0 11.1 44,4 44.4 4 Urutan komponen memudahka n pengguna 0 2.2 6.7 28.9 62.2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kuesioner terhadap user interface sistem secara keseluruhan menunjukkan nilai paling rendah adalah kemudahan dalam menggunakan tombol- tombol dengan nilai 84.5% dan yang menunjukkan nilai paling tinggi adalah urutan komponen pada halaman resep", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memudahkan pengguna dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 207, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengupload resep yakni 91.1%. Secara keseluruhan rata-rata dari penilaian mengenai user interface yakni 88.3%. Dengan angka ini, user interface sistem masih tergolong dalam keadaan baik namun perlu dilakukan perbaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 377, "width": 199, "height": 134, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Kuesioner Terhadap Kinerja Sistem No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Respon perpindahan halaman baik 0 0 8.9 48. 9 42. 2 2 Data yang pada tampilan sesuai dengan tombol yang dipilih 0 0 0 35.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 240, "top": 467, "width": 40, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 64. 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 207, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kuesioner terhadap kinerja sistem menunjukkan hasil di tertinggi di 100% dan terendah di 91.1%. Dengan ini,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 583, "width": 207, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kinerja sistem butuh diperbaiki di bagian respon perpindahan halaman, yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menurut sebagian responden belum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 411, "height": 664, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Kuesioner Terhadap Fungsi Gamifikasi No Indikator Ya Tidak 1 Apakah poin yang Anda dapatkan setelah mengupload resep sesuai dengan 100% No Indikator Ya Tidak role? 2 Apakah level yang Anda dapatkan setelah mengupload resep sesuai dengan role ? 100% 3 Apakah poin yang telah Anda kumpulkan dapat ditukar untuk mendapatkan barcode sesuai dengan voucher", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 249, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang tersedia?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 436, "top": 169, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 268, "width": 208, "height": 114, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Hasil Kuesioner terhadap 45 orang, kinerja fungsi gamifikasi pada sistem telah berjalan dengan baik sesuai role yang telah ditetapkan pada bab 3 bagian perancangan dengan menunjukkan kinerja 100% baik pada indikator", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 392, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penilaian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 412, "width": 204, "height": 341, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 10. Hasil Kuesioner Mengenai Pengaruh Gamifikasi Dalam Sistem No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Saya semakin antusias menggunakan sistem ini 0 0 8.9 46.7 44.4 2 Sistem ini menjadi lebih menarik 0 0 8.9 48.9 42.2 3 Saya lebih tertantang dalam meng- upload resep 0 0 13.3 31.1 55.6 4 Saya selalu ingin memainkan untuk mendapatkan poin 0 0 2.2 33.3 64.4 5 Saya selalu ingin memainkan untuk menaikkan level 0 0 11.1 37.8 51.1 6 Saya selalu ingin memainkan 0 0 2.2 33.3 64.4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "89", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 untuk mendapatkan/m enaikkan badge 7 Saya mendapat manfaat material pada sistem ini 0 2.2 8.9 24.4 64.4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 199, "width": 207, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kuesioner mengenai pengaruh gamifikasi dalam sistem menunjukkan hasil paling tinggi 97.7% di poin 4 yakni user dibuat semakin ingin memainkan agar poinnya terus bertambah. Hasil yang paling rendah pada 86.7% di poin ketga yakni pendapat mengenai user lebih tertantang dalam mengupload resep.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 207, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara keseluruhan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gamifikasi membuat pengaruh cukup signifikan terhadap penggunaan aplikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 207, "height": 218, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses perancangan, implementasi dan pengujian sistem kesimpulan yang dapat penulis tarik yaitu, sistem berbasis web dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pengujian aplikasi dan database memiliki tingkat keberhasilan 100% dan sistem berbasis web ini memiliki fungsi gamifikasi yang berjalan dengan baik dengan hasil pengujian kuesioner dengan total", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "responden 45 orang yang menyatakan bahwa semua fungsi gamifikasi berjalan dengan baik 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 88, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi ini tentu saja memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 108, "width": 207, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "banyak kekurangan yang harus dikembangkan agar meningkatkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 150, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kualitas dan kesempurnaan aplikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 171, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun pengembangan-pengembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 191, "width": 207, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang di maksud adalah Pembaruan UI agar aplikasi lebih menarik dan interaktif, baiknya terdapat Exp Bar untuk mengetahui jumlah poin yang dibutuhkan untuk naik ke level selanjutnya, dan Keterlibatan user yag satu dengan yang lain dalam gamifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 363, "width": 208, "height": 364, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Damayanti, & Bulan, W. R. (2018). PKM Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Instagram Kelompok UKM Kuliner Depok. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(1), 1–15. Erdiana, S. P. (2018). Generasi Millenial dan Resep Kuliner Tradisional sebagai Budaya Bangsa Indonesia. DeKaVe, 11(2), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.24821/.v11i2.2657 Erpurini, W., Ramadhan, I. K., & Indahsari, S. (2023). Strategi Promosi Digital dalam Menarik Minat Beli Konsumen PT Sinverho Energi Indonesia. SOSMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 2(1), 95-107. Fuadi, D. S., Akhyadi, A. S., & Saripah, I. (2021). Systematic Review: Strategi Pemberdayaan Pelaku UMKM Menuju Ekonomi Digital Melalui Aksi Sosial. Diklus: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21831/diklus.v5i1.37 122 Hadinata, H. (2020). Penerapan Gamifikasi Pada E-Commerce Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Penjualan Pada Reseller Dan Dropshiper (Studi Kasus Nabillah Store). In Tesis Universitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 335, "top": 729, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komputer Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "90", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Leofitri, J. (2021). Sosial Media, Bisnis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 207, "height": 263, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kuliner dan Pandemi Covid-19. Perspektif, 10(2), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v10i 2.4743 Lestari, H., & Nurhajati, L. (2019). Strategi Public Relations Untuk Menciptakan Minat Pengunjung Ke Galeri Indonesia Kaya. Jurnal Lontar, 7(1), 9–15. Muhtadibillah, A. (2019). Perancangan Sistem Informasi Helpdesk dengan Konsep Gamification Berbasis Web. Skripsi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, 1–112. http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/han dle/123456789/48502 Muludi, K., Kurniawan, D., & Rani, L. A. (2016). Penerapan Metode Case Based Reasoning Pada Pengembangan Aplikasi Recipe Recommendation Berbasis Android. Jurnal Komputasi, 4(2).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 207, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurkasanah, R. P., & Hakim, A. (2022). Aplikasi Kumpulan Praktis Resep Masakan Berbasis Android. Jurnal SIKOMTEK, 12(2), 55-65. Pertiwi, A., Jusnita, R. A. E., & Maela, N. F. S. (2019). 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Seminar Nasional APTIKOM, 535–540.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 619, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Susilo, C. L. (2022). 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0b0ac67a-84b6-3fe2-3731-97be839eb648	https://ejournal.lppm-unbaja.ac.id/index.php/jsii/article/download/37/14	[ { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 88, "width": 377, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENERAPAN ALGORITMA ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION (ACO)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 160, "top": 121, "width": 341, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PADA JOB SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM (JSSP) DI PT. SIEMENS INDONESIA (CILEGON FACTORY)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 162, "width": 121, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Widyawati Universitas Banten Jaya Serang, Banten [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 246, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 275, "width": 416, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fabrication process is often disrupted by non–deterministic job, this create a problem in the Pre-Fabrication department schedule because often the manufacture of raw material for non- deterministic job should given priority. This problem also affected by the existing system which is not yet fully developed to solve the problem of optimize rescheduling master line (seen from total makespan time). Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) variant Ant System (AS) was proposed to solve Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) with the objective to propose the best schedule that give shortest makespan. The algorithm tested to perform scheduling of 5 projects (consist of 10 parts) as the initial job, and another 2 projects (consist of 4 parts) as the non-deterministic job. For the initial job, makespan was 287 days and after the arrival of non-deterministic job, makespan was 362 days compare with the actual manufacturing time (7 project consist of 14 parts) which is ± 511 days.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 427, "width": 416, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP), Makespan Time, Non – Deterministic, Scheduling, Re – Scheduling", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 472, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 492, "width": 417, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PT. Siemens Indonesia Cilegon Factory (PTSI-CF) merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang fabrikasi komponen turbin dan produk industri logam presisi tinggi. Perusahaan tersebut berjalan berdasarkan konsep job by order (produk yang diproduksi atas surat pesanan pelanggan). Kendala yang seringkali dihadapi adalah adanya pekerjaan yang tidak bisa diramalkan ( non-deterministic ) sehingga membuat jadwal produksi yang telah direncanakan perlu dilakukan perubahan. Dan non deterministic menyebabkan waktu penyelesaian ( makespan time ) lebih panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 417, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ada tiga pendekatan untuk penjadwalan ulang, yaitu: dengan menjadwalkan kembali dari awal, melakukan perubahan terhadap jadwal saat perubahan terjadi, atau menunda beberapa operasi yang telah dikerjakan pada jadwal lama dan melakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 417, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penjadwalan ulang terhadap sisa operasi yang belum dikerjakan. Penelitzian ini bertujuan untuk mencari penjadwalan dengan makespan time yang paling minimum menggunakan algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) berjenis Ant System (AS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 416, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap seperti studi literatur, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, dan analisis hasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Diagram Alir , berikut ini merupakan tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 688, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1 Diagram Alir Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber data yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber yang sudah ada yaitu berupa dokumen perusahaan. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu berupa data jumlah project pada tahun 2015, rute project , dan waktu proses setiap project .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 192, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengolahan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 417, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun teknik pengolahan data yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menerapkan algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) berjenis Ant System (AS). Berikut ini merupakan tahapan secara umum dalam melakukan proses pengolahan data:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 465, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2 Tahapan Pengolahan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 496, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode Ant Colony Optimization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 516, "width": 416, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Algoritma semut atau Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) merupakan algoritma pencarian berdasarkan probabilistik, di mana probabilistik yang digunakan merupakan probabilistik dengan bobot sehingga butir pencarian dengan bobot yang lebih besar akan berakibat memiliki kemungkinan terpilih lebih besar pula (Anamisa & Djunaidy, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 620, "width": 417, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model yang digunakan untuk menotasikan masalah penjadwalan jobshop pada n-job dan m-mesin adalah (Zukhri & Alhakim, 2004):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 672, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑛 𝑚 ⁄ 𝐺 ⁄ 𝐶 ⁄ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 417, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yang mana n mendefinisikan banyaknya job yang akan diproses, m menunjukkan banyaknya mesin yang dimiliki, C max merupakan minimum makespantime dari suatu produksi dan G berisikan aturan urutan proses mesin untuk setiap job dan waktu prosesnya. Proses mesin dimodelkan dalam bentuk matrik T , semisal untuk T dengan n=2 dan m=3 adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 201, "width": 103, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑇 = [ 𝑀1 𝑀2 𝑀3 𝑀4 𝑀5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 199, "top": 207, "width": 133, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑀6 ] (2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 244, "width": 416, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk merepresentasikan waktu proses setiap operasi dimodelkan dengan matrik P:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 296, "width": 219, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑃 = [ 𝑡(𝑂 11 ) ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 1𝑚 ) 𝑡(𝑂 21 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 2𝑚 ) ⋯ ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 𝑛1 ) ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 𝑛𝑚 )] (3)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 113, "top": 384, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk merepresentasikan permasalahan jobshop pada algoritma semut digunakan graph sebagai model yang akan mempermudah dalam pencarian minimum waktu penyelesaian. Model graph dari 2/3/G/Cmax job shop dapat digambarkan pada gambar 3 dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 584, "width": 291, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3 Representasi 2/3/G/Cmax job shop pada graph", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 625, "width": 416, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setiap node dalam graph merupakan representasi dari job operasi pada matrik T, jumlah node dirumuskan dengan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 678, "width": 254, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 = (𝑛 ∗ 𝑚) + 1 (4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 305, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk banyaknya garis dinotasikan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 120, "width": 254, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 = \|𝑂\| ∗ (\|𝑂\| − 1)2 + 𝑁 (5) \|𝑂\| = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑚", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 154, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(6)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 185, "width": 417, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam graph diatas setiap node memiliki batasan node yang dapat dikunjungi karena terdapat beberapa garis satu arah maka suatu node tidak memiliki hak untuk melalui jalur yang berlawanan arah dengan tanda arah panah tersebut. Dengan demikian setiap operasi penentuan mesin harus terlebih dahulu memeriksa batasan mesin yang boleh dilalui.Selain itu pemilihan node tujuan yang layak dilalui difilter dengan batasan operasi yang harus terurut.Misalkan jika job 1 operasi ke-2 hanya boleh dipilih sebagai node tujuan jika job 1 operasi ke-1 telah dipilih atau dilalui oleh semut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 350, "width": 293, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berikut ini merupakan flowchart penerapan algoritma ACO:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 679, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 4 Tahapan Pengolahan Data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 417, "height": 218, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penerapan algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) untuk penyelesaian Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) di PT. Siemens Indonesia menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak Matlab. Data yang digunakan merupakan hasil pengolahan terhadap data scheduling produk PT. Siemens Indonesia. Data ini menjelaskan men gen ai Schedule bahan baku suatu project / job mulai masuk dan diproses di suatu mesin hingga selesai pada mesin tertentu di departemen Pre- Fabrication (PF) . Schedule tersebut diolah dari yang awalnya berbentuk monitoring board dirubah kedalam bentuk matriks sehingga mudah dalam proses penerapan re- schedule menggunakan algoritma ACO dengan bantuan Matlab. Dari hasil pengolahan data didapatkan total waktu penyelesaian ( makespan time ) yang paling minimum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 336, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Seleksi Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 416, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap awal dari perancangan penelitian ini adalah tahap seleksi data, yaitu pemilihan atribut yang nantinya dilakukan proses transformasi data dari data mentah kedalam bentuk tabel matriks untuk diolah ke tahap selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 611, "width": 223, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 5 Data Mentah Schedule Planning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 643, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Transformasi Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 664, "width": 416, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Transformasi data merupakan tahapan yang akan dilakukan setelah persiapan dan seleksi data. Pada tahap ini data mentah akan disesuaikan kedalam format yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 416, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "diterima oleh perangkat lunak yang akan membantu melakukan pemrosesan data (Matlab). Ada dua tahapan yang akan dilakukan didalam tahapan ini, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 129, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Transformasi Format Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 150, "width": 381, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada tahap ini data mentah schedule planning tersebut dirubah pada bagian waktu proses dari setiap komponen pada masing-masing mesin kedalam bentuk satuan hari. Gambar 3.2 ini merupakan gambaran hasil transformasi tersebut secara umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 462, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 6 Hasil Transformasi Format Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 127, "top": 503, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Transformasi Data kedalam Matriks", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 534, "width": 381, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahapan transformasi data kedalam bentuk matriks adalah merubah data satuan hari diatas kedalam bentuk matriks dan simbol dengan tujuan mempermudah dalam proses pengolahan data dan mempermudah ketika melakukan proses pengimputan data menggunakan perangkat lunak matlab tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Split Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahapan split data merupakan tahapan dimana data yang berasal dari transformasi matriks tersebut dikelompokan berdasarkan kelompok data yang akan diproses sesuai Schedule planning dan data yang memiliki sifat non-deterministik (tidak dapat diramalkan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 417, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sifat non-deterministik didalam set data ini diambil dari status purchase order (PO) project yang pada awalanya sudah ditetapkan terlebih dahulu Schedule planningny a oleh planner. Namun hingga waktu akan diproses status dari penetapan ( approval ) dari PO tersebut tidak berubah, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan tindakan pengambilan keputusan mengutamakan project yang sudah memiliki status PO ( PO Release ) meskipun project yang memiliki status PO not-release merupakan project yang lebih dahulu direncanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 346, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengolahan Data Training", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 222, "top": 622, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 7 Data Training Project LPIC", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1 Parameter yang Ditetapkan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 286, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Pemrosesan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 304, "width": 417, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun kombinasi yang akan dilakukan penelitian {α, β, ρ, dan Q} adalah tertera pada tabel 2 dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 381, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2 Kombinasi Parameter", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 238, "top": 288, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 8 Total Makespan Time", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 133, "top": 561, "width": 378, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 9 Diagram Hubungan Waktu Dengan Job Sebelum dan Sesudah Penambahan Job", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 203, "top": 281, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 10 Output Waktu Rata – Rata Proses", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 139, "top": 322, "width": 362, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3 Perbandingan Hasil Makespan Time dari Berbagai Paramater", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 208, "top": 295, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 11 Grafik Waktu Proses Rata-rata", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 336, "width": 399, "height": 219, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil menunjukan bahwa makespan time terkecil sebelum job baru datang adalah 207 hari satuan waktu, sedangkan makespan time terkecil setelah job baru datang adalah 295 hari satuan waktu untuk data dengan menggunakan nilai ketetapan { 𝛼 , β, ρ, dan Q} = {1, 2, 0.5, 100}. Dengan ini menjelaskan bahwa untuk menyelesaikan 4 job (8 komponen) dengan jumlah mesin sebanyak 5 mesin maka makespan time terkecil yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 207 hari. Namun apabila kedatangan job yang sifatnya non-deterministic maka akan melakukan proses re-schedull penjadwalan yang sudah diramalkan, oleh karena itu akan muncul perubahan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menyelesaikan semua job termasuk jobnon-deterministic tersebut sebesar 295 hari (2 job non – deterministic ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 44, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengolahan Data Testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 222, "top": 407, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 12 Data Testing Project LPIC", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 448, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4 Parameter Testing yang Ditetapkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 262, "width": 230, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 13 Output Pengolahan Data Testing", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 128, "top": 501, "width": 387, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 14 Diagram Hubungan Waktu Dengan Job Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penambahan Job", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 203, "top": 300, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 15 Output Waktu Rata – Rata Proses", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 333, "width": 417, "height": 197, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil menunjukan bahwa makespan time terkecil untuk pengolahan data testing sebelum job baru datang adalah 287 hari satuan waktu, sedangkan makespan time terkecil setelah job baru datang adalah 362 hari satuan waktu untuk data dengan menggunakan nilai ketetapan { 𝛼 , β, ρ, dan Q} = {2, 2, 0,99, 100}. Dengan ini menjelaskan bahwa untuk menyelesaikan 5 job (10 Komponen) dengan jumlah mesin sebanyak 5 mesin maka makespan time terkecil yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 287 hari. Namun apabila kedatangan job yang sifatnya non-deterministic (2 job) maka akan melakukan proses re-schedull penjadwalan yang sudah diramalkan, oleh karena itu akan muncul perubahan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menyelesaikan semua job termasuk jobnon-deterministic tersebut sebesar 362 hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 553, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 573, "width": 417, "height": 115, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun kesimpulan yang didapatkan berdasarkan pengolahan data testing untuk penerapan Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) berjenis Ant System (AS) pada Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) di PT. Siemens Indonesia dengan menggunakan parameter terbaik{ 𝛼 , β, ρ, dan Q} = {2, 2, 0,99, 100} adanya perbedaan antara waktu penyelesaian proses produksi actual yang ditetapkan oleh planner dengan waktu proses produksi yang menggunakan algoritma ACO. Waktu proses actual yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 417, "height": 176, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dibutuhkan adalah 1 bulan atau +/- 37 hari untuk penyelesaian 1 komponenoleh karena itu jika mengerjakan 5 project (10 komponen) dibutuhkan waktu selama +/- 370 hari, sedangkan didalam data testing dengan jumlah 5 project (10 komponen) waktu yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 287 hari. Ketika kedatangan job yang bersifat non – deterministic sebanyak 2 project/job (4 komponen) dibutuhkan waktu selama 362 hari sedangkan secara actual dibutuhkan waktu untuk pengerjaan 7 project/job (14 komponen) adalah selama +/- 517 hari. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa dengan menerapkan Algoritma ACO didalam JSSP dapat menghemat waktu selama +/- 155 hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 295, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 308, "width": 417, "height": 23, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Al Salami, N. M. (2009). Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm. UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3 , 823-826.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 334, "width": 417, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Anamisa, D. R., & Djunaidy, A. (2014). Penyelesaian Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah Menggunakan Hibridisasi Algoritma Genetika dan Algoritma Koloni Semut. JUTI, Volume 12, Nomor 1 , 15-20.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 372, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aprilius, W., Augustino, L., & M. H., O. Y. (2013). Implementasi Algoritma MAX-MIN Ant System pada Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah. ULTIMATICS, Vol. V, No. 2, ISSN 2085- 4552 , 48-53. Ariesta, Y. (2012). Penerapan Ant Colony System Pada Vehicle Routing Problem Untuk Menentukan Rute Distribusi Terpendek. Jakarta: Jurusan Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Trisakti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 448, "width": 417, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Astuti, M. (2013). Studi Penjadwalan Job Shop untuk Meminimalkan Waktu Keseluruhan Menggunakan Pendekatan Algoritma Artificial Immune System. Yogyakarta: Volume V, Nomor 1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 486, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Çalis, B., & Bulkan, S. (2013). A research survey: review of AI solution strategies of job shop scheduling problem. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (DOI 10.1007/s10845- 013-0837-8) . Dorigo, M. (1996). The Ant System: Optimization by a Colony Of Cooperating Agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics–Part B, Vol.26, No.1, 1996, pp.1-13 , 1-26.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 561, "width": 417, "height": 23, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dorigo, M., Di Caro, G., & Gambardella, L. (1999). Ant Algorithms for Discrete Optimization.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 587, "width": 417, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Flórez, E., Gómez, W., & Bautista, M. (2013). An Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm For Job Shop Scheduling Problem. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA), Vol. 4, No. 4 , 53-66.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 625, "width": 339, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jones, A., & Rabelo, L. (1998). Survey of Job Shop Scheduling Techniques.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 417, "height": 36, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Laksono, A. (2009). Algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Untuk Menyelesaikan Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). 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Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 140, "top": 265, "width": 389, "height": 22, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Zukhri, Z., & Alhakim, S. (2004). Algoritma Semut Pada Penjadwalan Produksi Job Shop. Media Informatika, Vol. 2, No. 2, ISSN: 0854-4743 , 75-81.", "type": "Text" } ]
9f658b3e-8e06-510b-977b-d56e41ee4065	https://jurnal.sttmcileungsi.ac.id/index.php/infotech/article/download/360/297	[ { "left": 162, "top": 757, "width": 339, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Infotech: Jurnal Informatika & Teknologi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 159, "top": 85, "width": 232, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, Desember 2022, hlm 92-103 INFOTECH: Jurnal Informatika Teknologi p ISSN 2722-9378 \| e ISSN 2722-9386", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 144, "width": 389, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 177, "width": 187, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 199, "width": 375, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Design and build a web-based school learning system using the codeigniter 4.0 framework (case study of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 254, "width": 233, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 276, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah Cileungsi-Indonesia * Jln. Anggrek No.25 Komplek Perum PTSC, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jawa Barat-Indonesia 16820", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 87, "top": 305, "width": 175, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi Artikel Abstrak Article History: Submission: 12-11-2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 343, "width": 93, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revised: 12-12-2022 Accepted: 13-12-2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 372, "width": 113, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran; Sekolah; web; codeigniter; framework.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 413, "width": 109, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Learning, School, website, codeigniter, framework .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 456, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Korespondensi:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 87, "top": 469, "width": 127, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iskandar [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 317, "width": 298, "height": 223, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media pembelajaran merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting pada lembaga pendidikan. Hal ini dirasakan pada saat terjadi pandemi COVID-19 dimana sistem pembelajaran mengalami perubahan bentuk operasional dengan kebijakan instruksi pembelajaran secara daring. Pada pembelajaran daring ini ditemukan beberapa masalah seperti kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh guru dan siswa diantaranya belum adanya media platform standar yang dipakai untuk pembelajaran, seperti bagaimana penyampaian materi, tugas, mengontrol kehadiran siswa dan penilaian. Sehingga sistem pembelajaran daring tersebut menjadi kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengatasi permasalahan diatas dengan membuat sistem pembelajaran secara daring berbasis web, menggunakan framework CodeIgniter 4 dengan sistem database MySQL. Setelah dilakukan perancangan dan implementasi sistem pembelajaran daring yang ada di sekolah pembangunan sistem pembelajaran dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi. Sehingga p embelajaran berbasis web memiliki kelebihan dimana kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru dan siswa dapat berjalan lebih efektif .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 541, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 561, "width": 298, "height": 188, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Learning resources are essential in institutes of higher learning. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the educational system underwent a change in operational structure, and a daring learning instruction policy was put into place. There were found to be a number of problems with adventurous learning, including difficulties for both teachers and students in integrating knowledge, assignments, managing student attendance, and evaluating students, as well as a lack of a shared platform for learning. reducing the fearless learning system's efficiency as a result. In order to address the aforementioned problems, the study's objective is to quickly create a web-based learning system using the CodeIgniter 4 framework and the MySQL database system. Following the development and deployment of a dare learning system in schools, a learning system was created. can give SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi a way to deal with problems. Web-based learning offers benefits that help learning activities conducted by teachers and students go more smoothly.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 \| e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 93", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 102, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media pembelajaran merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting pada lembaga pendidikan. Hal ini dirasakan pada saat terjadi pandemi COVID-19 dimana sistem pembelajaran mengalami perubahan bentuk operasional dengan kebijakan instruksi pembelajaran secara daring . Teknologi informasi memiliki kontribusi terhadap perubahan sistem metode pembelajaran di sekolah. Salah satu contoh dari kemajuan teknologi tersebut adalah sistem pembelajaran berbasis web [1] . Saat ini, sistem pembelajaran berbasis web sudah digunakan untuk umum baik dari level SD, SMP, SMA, hingga perguruan tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 204, "width": 456, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem pembelajaran pada SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi pada dasarnya menggunakan metode konvensional setiap harinya. Yaitu kegiatan pembelajaran di dalam kelas secara tatap muka pada waktu dan tempat yang sama. Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berjalan dapat dikatakan sudah berjalan dengan baik. Para pendidik dan siswa dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran secara tatap muka ini, Terjadinya permasalahan yang ada di dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara konvensional tersebut. Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berjalan secara garis besar masih dilakukan secara manual dan belum terkomputerisasi. Struktur yang ada dalam kegiatan pembelajaran memiliki alur yang kurang efektif khususnya dalam hal informasi. Tentunya permasalahan ini perlu diperhatikan mengingat beberapa tahun sebelumnya pelaksanaan pembelajaran mengalami perubahan bentuk operasional dengan kebijakan instruksi pembelajaran daring. dimana kegiatan belajar mengajar tidak dapat dilakukan secara tatap muka. Dalam hal ini sekolah dituntut untuk siap melaksanakan pembelajaran secara tatap muka ataupun online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 397, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan pada praktik pengisian data kehadiran dan penilaian siswa masih menggunakan kertas dan Microsoft Excel yang diisi oleh masing-masing guru mata pelajaran. Data hasil pembelajaran ini nantinya baru akan diterima oleh siswa ketika pembagian rapor. Hal ini menyebabkan siswa maupun wali siswa tidak mendapatkan informasi mengenai data hasil pembelajaran yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 471, "width": 456, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai referensi penulis dalam melakukan penelitian terkait perancangan sistem pembelajaran berbasis web dan untuk menampilkan ciri atau gap dengan penelitian sebelumnya, adapun penelitian terkait seperti penelitian pada pengembangan media pembelajaran bahasa inggris berbasis web dengan menggunakan PHP dan MySql dari hasil perancangan sistem dengan kualitas baik [2] , rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran daring berbasis web pada lembaga Tadica menghasilkan aplikasi sistem yang meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan memberikan kemudahan pada lembaga [3] , pengembangan sistem pembelajaran baru yang menghasilkan aplikasi untuk menyesuaikan metode pembelajaran siswa yang bisa dilakukan tanpa terikat tempat, waktu dan keadaan [4] . Dari penelitian sebelumnya gap penelitian terkait yaitu terkait dengan lebih banyak cakupan bahasan pada item pengelolaan sistem seperti media untuk penyampaian materi, tugas, nilai dan kehadiran siswa yang menurut penilaian peneliti belum terlihat terintegrasi pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 456, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari permasalahan tersebut, ditemukan bahwa masalah pokok sistem pembelajaran di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi disebabkan belum adanya sebuah sistem yang dapat mempermudah pembelajaran di sekolah. Oleh karena itu, pembangunan suatu sistem pembelajaran berbasis web dengan menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 merupakan solusi yang tepat dalam mengatasi permasalahan pada sistem pembelajaran selama ini. Sistem pembelajaran berbasis web dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran baik dilakukan secara tatap muka maupun online [5] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 744, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 111, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "94 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian berisi tahap-tahap yang digunakan agar penelitian dapat terstruktur dengan baik. Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk merancang sistem pembelajaran berbasis web menggunakan beberapa metode tercantum pada flowchart gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 156, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 179, "width": 58, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi literatur dan pengumpulan data", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 266, "top": 207, "width": 63, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis sistem yang berjalan Analisis kebutuhan sistem Perancangan sistem", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 275, "top": 290, "width": 43, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi sistem", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 373, "top": 242, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 182, "top": 266, "width": 244, "height": 133, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Layout Database Pengkodean Pengujian Perbaikan? Kesimpulan Selesai Tidak Ya", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 252, "top": 406, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Metode penelitian", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 427, "width": 135, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1 Metode yang digunakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 455, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak menggunakan metode waterfall [6] , [7]. Model waterfall menggunakan pendekatan secara sistematis dengan tahapan- tahapan perencanaan, pemodelan, konstruksi dan implementasi perangkat lunak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.1 Analisis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 501, "width": 453, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahap yang pertama akan dilakukan analisis serta identifikasi terhadap masalah- masalah terkait perancangan sistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.2 Desain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 546, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses desain ini merupakan memodelkan perancangan sistem yang akan dibangun untuk dikembangkan pada tahap-tahap lebih lanjut. Pada tahap ini dilakukan desain berupa perancangan UML ( Unified Modeling Language ) serta rancangan database pada sistem pembelajaran di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 607, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.3 Implementasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap selanjutnya merupakan Implementasi perangkat lunak menggunakan bahasa PHP menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 dengan database MySQL [8] . Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengurangi kesalahan dengan menjalankan kode yang dibuat, apakah sudah sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang ditentukan dan tidak terjadi kesalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 85, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.4 Pengujian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 696, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap yang terakhir adalah pengujian dengan melakukan uji sample menggunakan black box kepada beberapa responden di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 157, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2 Aplikasi pembelajaran online", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 740, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi sistem pembelajaran di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi adalah belum adanya sebuah sistem yang dapat mempermudah pembelajaran di sekolah. Oleh karena itu,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 \| e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 95", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembangunan suatu sistem pembelajaran berbasis web adalah solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi sistem pembelajaran di sekolah baik secara tatap muka ataupun online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 142, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3 Framework codeigitier 4.0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 130, "width": 456, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan framework codeigniter pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan bahasa pemrograman codeigniter 4.0 bertujuan dalam memudahkan pengelolaan website. Adapuan framework codeigniter 4.0 [9] mempunyai keunggulan dalam mengelola sistem website dengan kompleksitas yang tinggi, sehingga dapat dengan mudah dalam pengembangan sebuah aplikasi baik oleh programmer ataupun developer [10] . 2.4 UML", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode UML yang digunakan pada pembuatan pemodelan sistem pembelajaran di sekolah berbasis web, penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa literatur dari penelitian sebelumnya sebagai referensi penulis adapun pemodelan UML seperti pada [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15],[16], dimana metode tersebut merupakan bentuk dari pemodelan sistem perangkat lunak yang akan dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 299, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 258, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. Implementasi pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 328, "width": 456, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi sistem pembelajaran berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 mengikuti rancangan use case diagram , dimana use case diagram ini menggambarkan hubungan interaksi antara sistem dan user yang terdiri dari aktor admin, guru dan siswa, adapun use case diagram seperti gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 754, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Use Case Diagram", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "96 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Rancangan class diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Class diagram merupakan representasi dari bentuk konseptual kedalam bentuk struktur database, dalam hal pemetaan entitas dan relasi tabel terkait. Berikut perancangan class diagram pada sistem pembelajaran seperti pada gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 619, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Class diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Implementasi antarmuka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 657, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.1 Halaman login", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 672, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman login merupakan antarmuka interaksi user dengan sistem untuk pertama kali ketika user akan mengakses sistem pembelajaran, adapun tampilan login terlihat pada gambar 4. User harus mengisi username dan password serta memilih level pengguna yang sesuai dengan perannya pada form login. Untuk masuk mengakses sistem harus mengisikan nama user dan kode akses serta level pengguna, jika akan muncul notifikasi login gagal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 \| e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 97", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 370, "width": 151, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Tampilan login user", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 144, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.2 Tampilan menu utama", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 400, "width": 455, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tampilan menu utama terdapat beberapa menu yang dilengkapi tombol yang akan mengarahkan pada fitur-fitur kelola data. Berikut adalah tampilan halaman utama pada masing- masing user, seperti pada gambar 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 751, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Penerimaan pemesanan ( status update )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "98 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.4 Halaman master data admin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman master data meliputi halaman tahun pelajaran, user, guru, siswa, dan kelas. Pada menu admin ini dapat melakukan modifikasi pada data seperti create, edit, delete dan update data. Berikut adalah contoh dari halaman master data seperti pada gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 345, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Halaman master data guru", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 369, "width": 161, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.5 Halaman akademik admin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 455, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman akademik meliputi halaman rombongan belajar, mata pelajaran, dan jadwal pembelajaran. Berikut tampilan dari halaman-halaman akademik admin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 598, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Halaman akademik rombongan belajar", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 619, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjelasan terkait gambar 8. yaitu terdiri tampilan rombongan kelas belajar, wali kelas, tahun angkatan dan jumlah siswa, dimana jumlah siswa datanya bisa dilakukan aksi seperti ( create, edit, delete dan update ) datanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 663, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman jadwal pembelajaran memuat data jadwal pembelajaran pada tiap kelas yang tersedia. Terdapat sebuah tabel yang memuat data kelas beserta tombol berwarna hijau di bagian sebelah kanan untuk melihat dan menambah data jadwal pembelajaran. Penjelasan terkait gambar 9. yaitu terdiri kelas, wali kelas dan jadwal dimana jadwal ini bisa dilakukan aksi seperti ( create, edit, delete dan update ) datanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 \| e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 99", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 306, "width": 326, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Halaman jadwal pembelajaran 3.3.6 Halaman setting admin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada halaman setting tahun pelajaran terdapat tabel yang berisi data tahun pelajaran, semester (ganjil dan genap), dan status (aktif dan tidak aktif). Di sisi kanan tabel terdapat tombol “Aktifkan” untuk mengaktifkan tahun pelajaran. Admin klik button “Aktifkan” pada data ta hun pelajaran yang dipilih maka status tahun pelajaran otomatis aktif dan status tahun pelajaran yang lain otomatis berubah menjadi tidak aktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 586, "width": 168, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 10. Halaman setting admin", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 139, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.7 Halaman absen siswa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 620, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman absen siswa memuat data absen siswa pada tiap kelas yang diajar oleh guru. Terdapat sebuah tabel yang memuat data kelas beserta tombol “Absensi” di bagian sebelah kanan untuk melihat dan input absen siswa perkelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 664, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru melakukan input absen siswa pada tombol dropdown yang menampilkan huruf A(Alfa), I(Izin), dan H(Hadir) pada data siswa yang dipilih. Setelah melakukan absensi harian siswa guru menyimpan data absensi dengan klik button simpan yang berada di sisi kanan bagian bawah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 36, "width": 246, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 311, "width": 157, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 11. Halaman absen siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 330, "width": 152, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.8 Halaman akademik nilai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 344, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman akademik nilai merupakan tabel informasi nilai siswa selama satu semester. Siswa dapat melihat nilai kehadiran, nilai tugas, nilai PTS, nilai PAS, nilai akhir, dan grade nilai akhir pada halaman ini. Halaman nilai siswa memuat data nilai siswa pada tiap kelas yang diajar oleh guru. Pada halaman ini dapat menginput nilai. Tabel nilai siswa memuat nilai tugas, ujian tengah semester dan akhir semester.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 627, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 12. Nilai siswa", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4. Pengujian sistem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 661, "width": 439, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode pengujian pada sistem pembelajaran sekolah di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Black Box yaitu pengujian secara fungsionalitasnya dari program yang ada dalam aplikasi seperti terlihat pada tabel 1, adapun bagian yang merupakan fokus pengujian sistem pada user sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 720, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. User sebagai Waka Kurikulum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. User sebagai Guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 117, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. User Sebagai Siswa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 210, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 \| e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 101", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 85, "width": 195, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.1 User sebagai pengelola akademik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian halaman kelola data akademik dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1. tanda ( ✓ ) merupakan tanda yang artinya halaman yang diuji berhasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 136, "width": 430, "height": 605, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil pengujian black box No Item Pengujian Skenario Uji Hasil Yang Diharapkan Hasil Pengujian 1 Menu akademik rombongan belajar Klik tombol menu akademik rombongan belajar Masuk ke halaman menu akademik rombongan belajar [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan lalu menambahkan data rombongan belajar Data rombongan belajar berhasil ditambahkan [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus pada rombongan belajar yang dipilih Data rombongan belajar berhasil dihapus [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah anggota rombel pada rombongan belajar yang dipilih Menampilkan halaman data rombongan belajar yang dipilih [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan pada halaman data rombongan belajar Menampilkan data siswa yang tersedia untuk ditambahkan ke rombongan belajar [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah untuk menambahkan siswa ke dalam rombongan belajar Data siswa berhasil ditambahkan ke dalam rombongan belajar [√] Ber hasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus dari rombongan belajar pada data siswa di halaman rombongan belajar Data siswa berhasil dihapus dari rombongan belajar [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal 2 Menu Akademik Mata Pelajaran Klik tombol menu akademik mata pelajaran Masuk ke halaman menu akademik mata pelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah mata pelajaran pada kelas yang dipilih Menampilkan halaman mata pelajaran yang dipilih [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan pada halaman data mata pelajaran Menampilkan form input tambah pelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Input mata pelajaran Mata pelajaran Berhasil ditambahkan [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 36, "width": 246, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "102 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 101, "width": 430, "height": 428, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Item Pengujian Skenario Uji Hasil Yang Diharapkan Hasil Pengujian Input mata pelajaran dengan kode mata pelajaran Menampilkan pesan gagal menambahkan mata pelajaran kode mata pelajaran sudah ada [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus pada mata pelajaran Mata pelajaran berhasil di hapus [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal 3 Menu akademik jadwal pembelajaran Klik tombol menu akademik jadwal pembelajaran Masuk ke halaman menu akademik jadwal pembelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah jadwal pada kelas yang dipilih Menampilkan halaman data jadwal pembelajaran pada kelas yang dipilih [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan pada halaman data jadwal pembelajaran Menampilkan form input tambah jadwal pembelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Input data jadwal pembelajaran Data jadwal pembelajaran berhasil ditambahkan [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Input data jadwal pembelajaran tanpa mengisi guru pengajar Menampilkan pesan gagal menambahkan jadwal guru wajib diisi [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus pada data jadwal pembelajaran Data jadwal pembelajaran berhasil dihapus [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 537, "width": 77, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 456, "height": 102, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari perancangan, analisis, testing serta implementasi pada sistem pembelajaran berbasis web secara daring untuk siswa, guru dan bagian akademik dapat berjalan secara baik dan mudah digunakan sebagai sistem pembelajaran. Hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa sistem yang dibangun berjalan dengan baik dan secara sintak dan fungsional menghasilkan performance yang diharapkan. Sehingga Aplikasi sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis Web dapat dipergunakan untuk kondisi online maupun offline juga sehingga sangat bermanfaat untuk sistem pembelajaran di sekolah khususnya di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 662, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] R. Firmansyah and I. Saidah, “PERANCANGAN WEB BASED LEARNING SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN,” INFORMATIKA , vol. 3, no. September, pp. 176 – 182, 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] A. Johar, E. Risdianto, and D. A. F. Indriyati, “Perancangan Dan Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web pada Bidang Studi Bahasa Inggris di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Kota Bengkulu Dengan Menggunakan PHP dan MySql,” Rekursif , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1 – 9, 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 751, "width": 456, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] W. Jannah, I. F. Astuti, and S. Maharani, “Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Bimbingan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 210, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 \| e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 103", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 85, "width": 424, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Belajar Berbasis Web (Studi kasus lembaga Bimbingan Tadica),” Inform. Mulawarman , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 47 – 53, 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] P. H. Susilo and M. G. Rohman, “Sistem Pembela jaran Online Berbasis Aplikasi Web Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter,” JOUTICA , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 281 – 286, 2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 144, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] F. I. P. Unnes, “PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE BERBASIS,” pp. 27– 34, 2001.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 174, "width": 455, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] K. Septyanto, M. A. Hamid, and D. Aribowo, “Penge mbangan E-Learning Berbasis Website menggunakan Metode Waterfall,” Elinvo , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 89 – 101, 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 204, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] J. Dermawan and S. Hartini, “IMPLEMENTASI MODEL WATERFALL PADA PENGEMBANGAN BERBASIS WEB PADA SEKOLAH DASAR AL-AZHAR SYIFA BUDI JATIBENING,” Paradigma , vol. 19, no. 2, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 248, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] G. Suganda, N. A. Y. Putri, R. Taufiq, and V. Asih, “RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI VIRTUAL CLASS SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER ( STUDI KASUS : UNIVERSITAS CIC CIREBON ),” DIGIT , vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 74 – 88, 2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] G. 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41e073d8-b64b-463b-31f3-76ed2701a0a1	https://jurnal.itscience.org/index.php/ijeal/article/download/1671/1239	[ { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 \| Number 2 \| August 2022 \| E-ISSN : 2787-9482 \| DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "325", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 77, "width": 414, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF-DIRECTED DIALOGUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 128, "width": 189, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melia Nova 1 , Syarifudin 2 , Soni Ariawan 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 142, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia 1,2,3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 168, "width": 154, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 194, "width": 109, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received : 08/08/2022 Accepted : 26/08/2022 Publication: 06/08/2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 256, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to find out the improvement of students' speaking ability through the implementation of the self-directed dialogue technique, and student activities when the Self-directed dialogue was applied to English subjects in the first grade of MA Darussalam, Beremi for the 2021/2022 academic year. In this study, the researchers used classroom action research as a research design by employing observation and tests as a technique to gain the data. Observations were made to determine the application of self-directed dialogue techniques during the teaching and learning process, while tests were used to measure student achievement in speaking ability. The subjects of this study were students of the first grade of MA Darussalam Bermi with 21 students in the class. Researchers used qualitative and quantitative data analysis in calculating and analyzing the data. The results of this study indicate that the self-directed dialogue technique can improve students' speaking ability. This can be seen from the results of a significant increase in each cycle. The score before implementing the technique was 48, the result of posttest 1 was 74.43 and posttest 2 was 84.43. This means that the students' speaking ability increases after applying self-directed dialogue technique in the first grade of MA Darussalam Bermi in the 2021/2022 academic year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 459, "width": 399, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords— Self-directed Dialogue, Students’ Speaking Ability, MA Darussalam Bermi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 504, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 519, "width": 457, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Traditionally, language is regarded to be a tool for interacting or communicating, in the sense of conveying thoughts, ideas, concepts, or even emotions (Rabiah, 2012). Moreover, Keraf (2012) stated that, in general, language serves a variety of tasks depending on a person's needs, including self- expression, communication, organizing and adapting to social integration in the environment or situations, and social control. English is taught as a foreign language in Indonesia based on a curriculum, which is always accompanied by a syllabus. The English language is taught as a required topic in elementary schools through university (Suparno, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 456, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Speaking is the most crucial of these four language skills to learn because when students learn a foreign language, they are deemed successful if they can communicate well in their second or foreign language. Mareta et al., (2017) stated that speaking is the most common way for people to convey their opinions and ideas to other people regularly. It is a two-way process including both productive and receptive understanding skills between the speaker and the listener. In other words, through dialogue between them, the listener will attempt to comprehend the speaker's views in the first person. However, the English teachers will encounter some issues when delivering the content, which can cause some difficulties depending on the level being taught. These issues can arise as a result of the teachers or the students, for example, if they are lazy to learn and find it difficult to comprehend the materials. They can also arise as a result of the environment, such as the climate and the facilities. As a result, English teachers should choose the appropriate technique and create a fun learning environment for their students to ensure that they master the material. It is why the existence and the role of teacher is very crucial as their performance will shape the students’ mindset and perception", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 \| Number 2 \| August 2022 \| E-ISSN : 2787-9482 \| DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "326", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Ariawan, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Afisa (2015), there are some difficulties that students face when learning English including vocabulary, grammar, and pronouncing words. As a result, the students lack of vocabulary, and when forced to speak English, they resort to Indonesian. It's a shame considering they have been using Indonesian multiple times. They have no idea when they should use present, past, or future time. In pronunciation, they found it challenging to pronounce certain terms because the pronunciation and writing in English are not the same. As a result, they had not yet recognized it. In addition, based on observations with the English teacher in the first grade of MA Darusslam Beremi, he said that students found some difficulties when speaking in English such as they do not have a great desire to learn English for certain reasons. Another fact shows that the students' capability in mastering grammar, vocabulary, and also pronunciation is very low. Based on this fact, the researcher would like to improve their ability in speaking by conducting action research and using self-directed dialogue as a technique in teaching English.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Stevick in Suparno (2010), most so-called vocal language courses are based on dialogue in early lessons. Dialogue is an example of how language is used as a strategy for overlearning dialogue. Gilbert in Joiner (1974) states that self-directed dialogue is an activity that combines role-playing or simulation strategies with means for actual communication or contextual practice. Richards and Rodgers in Syarifudin (2020) found that dialogue is an example of interactive activities based on the communicative approach, which is a fluent and accepted language.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 317, "width": 457, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition, according to Mareta et al., (2017), there are several reasons why the use of dialogue can improve the students’ speaking ability. First, it gives students a tool for analyzing vocabulary and grammatical for discussion. As a result, it becomes easy for the students to create their sentences in a foreign language. As we also know, In curriculum 2013, teachers are supposed to make a learning activity for students centered. Second, in the self-directed dialogue, the students are instructed to play a role in which the situation of the conversation is built around the focal point. Joiner (1974) argues that self-directed dialogue, however, calls for students to work in pairs and places, the responsibility for communication chiefly on the learner and the conversation. Third, the self-directed dialogue technique is an activity that combines an express their opinions orally with a self-directed dialogue approach. Fourth, this method can be done in a group setting, but the main idea is that students accept responsibility for their learning. Self-directed dialogue is a method for students to develop their speaking ability. After reading some above references, the researcher can conclude that self-directed dialogue is a pretty good method to improve students' speaking ability. This is a reference for researchers to research the Implementation of self-directed Dialogue to Improve Students' Speaking Ability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 506, "width": 457, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to the experts above, it can be concluded that there are several methods of teaching speaking, one of which is dialogue, and it is claimed as a very effective technique in improving students' speaking ability. Self-directed dialogue can be defined as a technique that enables students to improve their speaking skills. It also derives students become more confident in learning the materials. As Joiner (1974) argues that self-directed dialogue, however, gets students to work in a group where the responsibility for communication is fairly distributed among the learners and the conversation is based on a buffer. Therefore, researchers apply Self-directed Dialogue to improve students' speaking ability because the researcher assumed that this was a good formation because small groups would allow students to use their sentences in making dialogues. Dialogue encourages students to practice and use the language according to language functions and situations. New words, grammatical structures, and pronunciations can be imitated by the students which can be used to express their thoughts orally. This also gives them tools in analyzing vocabulary and grammar for discussion. However, the dialogue should not be too long as what has been stated by Rivers that short dialogues are more useful than long dialogues. So self-directed dialogue is an appropriate technique in speaking class because the conversation takes place between pairs of students and helps students to reduce their fear and shame.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 \| Number 2 \| August 2022 \| E-ISSN : 2787-9482 \| DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "327", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 120, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Literature Review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 227, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are some relevant previous research that has successfully addressed students’ speaking difficulties by implementing self-directed dialogues in teaching English. A study by Sahib (2019) revealed that students are more interested in learning speaking by using dialogue especially when the learning is designed in form of dialogue games. Higher results of posttest compared to pretest indicated that the implementation of dialogue technique in teaching speaking was pivotal and effective to boost students’ speaking skill. Another significant finding of the previous research was also coined by Gunawan & Rahman (2022) where they found that students’ speaking results increased after the utilization of dialogue as a teaching technique in terms of students’ score, mean score and overall speaking improvement. Apart from students’ scores, another finding also indicated that dialogue could improve quality of teaching and learning activities in the classroom. It can be seen from several aspects such as the increasing percentage of students’ participation in teaching and learning activities, the confidence of students themselves, and students 'problem-solving skills as well as students' motivation and interest in learning (Suparno, 2010). It can be concluded that the dialogue technique can be considered as one of the most effective alternatives of teaching techniques that can be implemented with various dialogue techniques (Ab, 2022). A more specific result of classroom-based action research by employing dialogue has been shown by Julinda et al., (2014) . It can be seen that students’ improvement in speaking is getting higher both in cycle 1 and 2. There were 78.94% students who reached the mínimum standard.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 457, "height": 225, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Another relevant research entitled improving the self confidence in speaking practice by using self-directed dialogue technique by Mareta et al. (2017). This research was quantitative and qualitative (mixed method). Speaking tests and questionnaires were used to collect the data in this study. It was conducted at second grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalirejo Lampung Tengah. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the implementation of the self-directed dialogue method affected the improvement of the student's speaking performance and the relationship between self-confidence and the student's speaking performance. The subjects were 32 second-year students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalirejo Lampung Tengah. Speaking tests and questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in student speaking performance after the student was taught self-directed dialogue techniques. There was also a statistically significant association between student self-confidence and student speaking performance. This suggests that self-directed dialogue methods help improve student speaking. Self- directed dialogue skills can improve the speaking ability of students. Over 50% of students in class VIIA have proven to have a score of 60 or above. In Cycle 1, 12 students (39.99%) have a score of 60 or higher, and in Cycle 2, 28 students (93.33%) have a score of 60 or higher. This means that they have achieved the goal or KKM (Maximum Graduation Criteria). It was found that the implementation of the self-directed dialogue method has activated the activities of students as a self-directed dialogue method, and the interest of students in speaking has increased.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 548, "width": 456, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The previous research was similar to the present research in terms of research design that use classroom action research, but the previous research discussed self-directed dialogue and the relationship with self-confidence to improve speaking skills, while the present research discussed the Self-directed Dialogue to improve students’ speaking ability only. The difference between these two types of research is that the previous research applied it to second grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalirejo Lampung Tengah while the researcher would apply it to the first class of MA Darussalam Beremi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 636, "width": 457, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition, another study also reported self-directed technique was very effective to level up students’ confidence in speaking because they will think by themselves and at the same time learn from other students (Pratama, 2019). This technique is also claimed as the essential technique to master speaking easily, quickly and more enjoyably (Mahmud, 2017). It means that this impact eases the teachers to boost students’ motivation and confidence in speaking. In the interactional perspective of self-directed dialogue, it will provide such beneficial input toward a good conversation (Lindholm & Wide, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 751, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 \| Number 2 \| August 2022 \| E-ISSN : 2787-9482 \| DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "328", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the researcher applied classroom action research (CAR), the object of the research is to find out the improvement of speaking ability through the implementation of the Self-directed Dialogue method, and students’ activities using the Self-directed Dialogue technique at the first grade of MA Darussalam Beremi, in the academic year 2021/2022. This research was implemented at the first grade of MA Darussalam Beremi with a population of 21 female students. The reason the researcher chose this research location was because before conducting the research, the researcher had made observations beforehand and it was suitable to apply the research of the researcher on the implementation of self-directed dialogue to improve students' speaking ability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 177, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Kemmis et al., (2014), action research usually consists of four major phases of the research cycle. The first cycle can be a continuous or repetitive spiral of cycles that repeats until the action researcher achieves satisfactory results and believes it is time to stop. The model or the procedures of CAR into four steps according to Kemmis and Mc Taggart including planning a change, acting, observing and reflecting the process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 354, "width": 160, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Classroom Action Research Design", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 292, "top": 519, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 233, "top": 532, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Classroom Action Research Design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 143, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 457, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is a classroom action research, where the data is collected through observation and tests. In this study, the researcher used a self-directed dialogue technique to improve the speaking ability of the first grade students of MA Darusslam Beremi, which consisted of 21 students. The purpose of this study was to improve students’ speaking ability using self-directed dialogue. The theory taken about improving students' speaking ability using self-directed dialogue is the theory of (Joiner, 1974), and using the speaking assessment (Bailey et al., 2005). In this study, there are 2 cycles, namely cycle 1 and cycle 2. Each cycle has 4 parts that must be implemented, namely, planning, action, observation, and reflection. Observation is one of the techniques for collecting data. The findings of observation indicate that there was a significant difference between student and teacher observation results between pretest and posttest. The teacher’s observation result in the pretest indicated that they performed good enough, with 64.2%,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 \| Number 2 \| August 2022 \| E-ISSN : 2787-9482 \| DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "329", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "however, there are some aspects that have to be increased. The teacher’s performance was better in posttest as they perform good and excellent, with 87.5% that indicat ing successful implementation of technique used. The difference was also experienced by the students where their performance in posttest was better than in the pretest, from 53.5% to 78.5%. It obviously confirms that the technique works well in teaching speaking.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apart from observation result, the test result also reported the improvement that students experience in posttest as follow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 199, "width": 396, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Percentage of students’ score Pre-test Post-test 1 Post-test 2 Mean 48 74.43 84.95 Students past the test 0 0% 15 71.42% 20 95.23%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The finding of the present research is that it can improve students' speaking ability by using self-directed dialogue. It can be proven by the average result of the pretest score of 48, then there was an increase of 26.43 scores so as to produce a score of 74.43 in the post-test 1. The students who achieved the KKM were 71.42%, and those who didn’t pass the KKM were 28.58%. However, even though the score increase was significant, the researcher had to apply the method and posttest 2 because the scores obtained in post-test 1 had not yet reached the KKM target. After doing post-test 2 students got another increase of 10.52 so that the final score of post-test 2 was 84.95, where 95.23% of students scored excellent and pass the KKM, and 4.77% of students didn’t pass the KKM. Its mean that the self-directed dialogue technique is effective to improve students’ speaking ability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 391, "width": 456, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the review and discussion above, Self-directed dialogue can be implemented effectively in speaking class. When conducting self-directed dialogue activities, the situation in the classroom is more lively. It’s also stated by Ratna Kurnia Dewi that the activities presented in the dialogue encourage students to speak more lively and boldly. It is proven by the increasing participation of students in the teaching and learning process. The students are more active in the teaching and learning process by asking and answering questions during the lesson. They also practice speaking English more often by asking and answering questions with their friends through activities. Student attention also increased. They take all the assignments and exercises given by the teacher more seriously.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 505, "width": 457, "height": 250, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research findings include the improvement of students' speaking ability and the application of self-directed dialogue in speaking classes in improving students' speaking ability. Students' speaking ability is improved through self-directed dialogue activities. The students are encouraged to speak and be more active during the teaching and learning process. In addition, students can speak with better grammar and pronounce words correctly with fewer pauses. They can explore their ideas and opinions by conducting dialogue activities such as role-play. The increase in the results of the action can also be seen from the following score comparison. Meanwhile, in the pre-test, the students got a score of 48, which is a score where 9% of the students were on average, and 91% of the students were in the low score or below average. After the pre-test was carried out, the researcher carried out the next stage, namely the implementation stage for speaking activities using self-directed dialogue for 4x45 minutes of meetings. After the implementation of the self-directed dialogue stage, the researcher conducted another test, namely post-test 1 to find out how much the students' speaking skills had improved using self-directed dialogue, and the results of posttest 1 were (74.43), 71.42% of students passed the KKM and 28.58% of students didn’t pass the KKM. From pre-test to post-test 1 students can increase their score from 48(pre-test) to 74.43(post-test 1) and it is a pretty good improvement. However, the score has not been able to exceed the KKM average value, which is 75, so the researcher continued to the second cycle with 4x45 minutes of meetings and got a score of 84.95. 95.23% of students with a score above average or excellent and 4.77% of students with an average score but didn’t pass the KKM. The score obtained from post-test 2 was quite good and exceeded the average score so that students do not need to take the test again.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 \| Number 2 \| August 2022 \| E-ISSN : 2787-9482 \| DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "330", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to find out the improvement of students’ speaking ability and students’ activities through the implementation of self-directed dialogue at the first grade MA Darussalam Beremi. In conducting this research, the researcher as a teacher works closely with the English teacher as an observer through several processes, such as: Identifying research problems, implementing research plans, and discussing research results. After analyzing the results of the action research, it can be seen that teaching speaking through self-directed dialogue can improve students' speaking skills. The mean value of the pre-test before the study was 4.8 and after the study increased to 84.95 at the end of the post-test. That is, through self-directed dialogue actually improves students' speaking ability, especially in using correct grammar, using more precise vocabulary, and pronouncing words better.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 219, "width": 5, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 245, "width": 69, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 271, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ab, R. (2022). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill Through Dialogue Technique. Journal of English Education and Social Science , 3 (1), 1–7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 302, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Afisa, S. Y. P. (2015). 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Language as a tool for communication and cultural reality discloser 1 . 1–11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 \| Number 2 \| August 2022 \| E-ISSN : 2787-9482 \| DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "331", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sahib, N. (2019). 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34d2aa5c-f568-5480-cd0b-49fb087c16b8	https://jurnalbhumi.stpn.ac.id/index.php/JB/article/download/367/290	[ { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 306, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "150 Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 223, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "IMPLEMENTASI REFORMA AGRARIA TERHADAP PEMENUHAN HARAPAN MASYARAKAT YANG BERSENGKETA LAHAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 261, "width": 407, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "IMPLEMENTATION OF AGRARIAN REFORM OF THE FULFILLMENT OF EXPECTATIONS OF COMMUNITY LAND", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 314, "width": 318, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini 1 , Maiza Hazrina Ash-Shafikh 2 , Nur Choirul Afif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 329, "width": 310, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "1 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 344, "width": 353, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "2 Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Email: nur.choirul.af [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 400, "width": 468, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Abstract : Agrarian reform policy in Indonesia has become a very important issue. Indonesia has tried to carry out agrarian reform by making various changes in laws and government policies. This is a descriptive research aiming to describe the phenomena occurring in the f ield as well as a verif ication research aiming to examine the effect of the implementation of agrarian reform on the positive response of affected community in Punggelan Village, Punggelan Subdistrict, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province. The type of research is explanatory research that aims to explain the effect of the variable of agrarian reform strategy implementation on the response of the affected community. The data in this study was collected through distribution of 100 question- naires to the affected community and interviews with off icials from the National Land Agency off ice, the Chairperson of the farmers’ group, and the farmers working on disputed lands. The results showed that there was a positive and signif icant influence of agrarian reform on the response of the affected community. This means that agrarian reform was able to meet the needs and expectations of the affected community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 537, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Keywords : Agrarian Reform, Community Response", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 562, "width": 468, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Intisari : Kebijakan reforma agraria di Indonesia menjadi isu yang sangat penting. Indonesia sudah berusaha melakukan reforma agraria dengan melakukan berbagai perubahan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan pemerintah. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan fenomena yang terjadi di lapangan dan verif ikatif bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh implementasi reforma agraria terhadap respons positif masyarakat terdampak di Desa Punggelan, Kecamatan Punggelan, Banjarnegara–Jawa Tengah. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatori yang bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh variabel implementasi strategi reforma agraria terhadap respons masyarakat terdampak. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui penyebaran 100 kuesioner terhadap masyarakat terdampak dan wawancara kepada pejabat kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional, ketua kelompok petani dan petani penggarap lahan sengketa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signif ikan reforma agraria terhadap respons masyarakat terdampak. Artinya reforma agraria mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dan mendapatkan respons positif dari masyarakat yang bersengketa lahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 700, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kata Kunci : Reforma Agraria, Respons Yang Bersengketa Lahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 69, "width": 352, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Received: October 4, 2019; Reviewed: October 15, 2019; Accepted: November 20, 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 99, "width": 466, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "To cite this article: Martini, S, Ash-Shaf ikh, MH, Af if, NC 2019, ‘Implementasi reforma agraria terhadap pemenuhan harapan masyarakat yang bersengketa lahan’, Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan , vol. 5, no. 2, hlm. 150-162.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 143, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i2.367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 161, "width": 458, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Copyright: ©2019 Sri Martini, Maiza Hazrina Ash-Shaf ikh, Nur Choirul Af if. All articles published in Jurnal Bhumi are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 522, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "151", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 71, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 89, "width": 225, "height": 431, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Fungsi tanah tidak hanya terbatas pada kebutuhan tempat tinggal, tetapi juga tempat tumbuh kembang sosial, politik, dan budaya seseorang maupun suatu komunitas masyarakat (Erwiningsih 2009). Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok- Pokok Agraria (selanjutnya disebut UUPA) merupakan rujukan pokok bagi kebijakan dan pelaksanaan reforma agraria yang dilatarbe- lakangi oleh keadaan sosial ekonomi rakyat khususnya rakyat tani (Hajati 2012). UUPA 1960 telah meletakkan dasar-dasar pengaturan pengu- asaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah, terutama dengan maksud mengutamakan golongan ekonomi lemah yang hidupnya tergan- tung pada tanah, terutama para petani penggarap. Undang-undang ini mengamanatkan untuk menata ulang struktur agraria yang timpang menjadi lebih berkeadilan, menyelesaikan konflik agraria, dan menyejahterakan rakyat setelah reforma agraria dijalankan. Tujuan dari pelaksa- naan reforma agraria tersebut tercantum dalam Perpres Nomor 45 Tahun 2016 tentang Rencana Kerja Pemerintah (RKP) yang memuat: 1. Penguatan regulasi dan penyelesaian konflik agraria; 2. Penataan penguasaan dan pemilikan; 3. Kepastian hukum; 4. Pemberdayaan masya- rakat; dan 5. Kelembagaan reforma agraria pusat dan daerah (Kastaf Presiden 2017, 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 524, "width": 225, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Setiap program tersebut berisi kegiatan-ke- giatan yang akan dikerjakan secara bekerjasama antara kementerian dan lembaga pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, hingga pemerintah desa. Maka keberhasilan dari program ini bergan- tung pada partisipasi masyarakat sipil maupun para perwakilan dari masyarakat yang menda- patkan manfaat program reforma agraria ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 644, "width": 225, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Di Banjarnegara, muncul beberapa persoalan terkait program reforma agraria. Tanah objek reforma agraria dari tanah HGU yang terindikasi tanah terlantar atau tanah eks HGU yang tidak diperpanjang oleh pemegang haknya. Hal ini terjadi pada PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas sebelum berakhir masa berlakunya Hak Guna Usaha di Kabupaten Banjarnegara seluas 76,661 hektar yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dalam peruntukannya digunakan untuk tanaman kopi, kelapa, dan cengkeh tidak dimanfaatkan sebagaimana mestinya oleh pemegang hak. Akan tetapi justru tanah tersebut sudah dikuasai dan digarap secara f isik oleh warga kelompok tani di sekitar area perkebunan tersebut. Pada tahun 2011 setelah masa berakhir masa HGUnya, tanah tersebut diajukan untuk dijadikan tanah objek reforma agraria (TORA), akan tetapi sampai sekarang belum terlaksana. Terkait hal tersebut, penulis ingin mengkaji masalah konflik agraria antara para pihak terkait dengan penyelesaian konflik berdasarkan kebijakan reforma agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 265, "width": 226, "height": 236, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pada masa pertengahan abad XIX hingga awal abad XX, Indonesia sudah sering mengalami konflik terkait masalah agraria. Hal ini banyak terjadi karena penerapan UU Agraria oleh kolo- nial Belanda tahun 1870 yang melahirkan hak erfpacht atau yang sekarang dikenal dengan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) yang membuka kesempatan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan besar asing untuk menguasai lahan hingga menggusur tanah pertanian milik rakyat. Persoalan tersebut masih dilanjutkan pada periode pasca Indonesia merdeka dimana akar dan penyebabnya tidak juga diselesikan, padahal terjadi diberbagai sektor sumber daya alam, baik di Jawa maupun luar Jawa (Gunawan 2009, 60, Rachman 2013, Ramadhani & Salim, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 505, "width": 226, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lahirnya UUPA merupakan momentum untuk mereformasi aturan pertanahan di Indonesia. Pada undang-undang ini negara memiliki kewe- nangan luas dalam pengaturan pertanahan. Namun kewenangan ini harus dieksekusi dengan memperhatikan pencapaian sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat, dalam arti kebahagiaan, kesejahteraan dan kemerdekaan dalam masyara- kat. Parlindungan (1991, 40) menjelaskan bahwa kewenangan tersebut dibatasi oleh 2 (dua) hal, yaitu: 1. Pembatasan oleh UUD 1945; 2. Bahwa hal- hal yang diatur oleh negara dengan memperha- tikan hak ulayat di daerah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 700, "width": 226, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Menurut Harsono (2005, 32) dalam pelaksa- naannya negara memberikan tanah kepada seseorang atau badan hukum dengan hak menu- rut peruntukan dan keperluannya untuk diper-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "152", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 47, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "gunakan sebagaimana seharusnya. Pemberian hak ini dibatasi oleh hak ulayat dari kesatuan- kesatuan masyarakat hukum sepanjang menurut kenyataan masih ada. Hukum agraria yang dija- lankan oleh negara, jika tidak memperhatikan pembatasan di atas akan mengakibatkan muncul- nya konflik atau sengketa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 175, "width": 225, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kunci untuk memahami sengketa dan konflik agraria adalah kesadaran kita menyadari bahwa tanah merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat vital, yang melandasi hampir semua aspek kehi- dupan. Bukan saja sekedar sebagai aset, tapi juga merupakan basis bagi teraihnya kuasa-kuasa eko- nomi, sosial, dan politik. Ketimpangan dalam hal akses terhadap tuan tanah akan sangat menen- tukan corak masyarakat dan mencerminkan dina- mika tertentu hubungan antar lapisan masyarakat tersebut (Gunawan 2009, 86).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 340, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penanganan sengketa dan konflik agraria berdasarkan Pasal 17 Perpres No. 86 Tahun 2018 dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip kepastian hu- kum dan keadilan sosial, terhadap para pihak baik perorangan, kelompok, dan badan hukum. Ideal- nya, penyelesaian dengan pendekatan litigasi dalam konflik agraria menjadi cara terakhir, arti- nya upaya penyelesaian dengan pendekatan mediasi atau musyawarah antarpihak menjadi cara yang harus dikedepankan (Mulyani 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 490, "width": 226, "height": 266, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Terkait dengan Perpres No. 88 Tahun 2018 dan reforma agraria, Bernhard (2012, 27) mendef ini- sikan reforma agraria atau land reform sebagai perubahan besar dalam struktur agraria, yang membawa peningkatan akses petani miskin pada lahan, serta kepastian penguasaan (tenure) bagi mereka yang menggarap lahan. Sementara Lipton (2009, 328) pengertian reforma agraria adalah sebagai kebijakan, legislasi, dan program peme- rintah yang diniatkan dan dijalankan sebagai suatu operasi yang terkoordinasi dan sistematis untuk: 1. Meredistribusikan kepemilikan tanah, mengakui klaim-klaim, dan hak-hak atas tanah; 2. Memberikan akses pemanfaatan tanah, sumber daya alam, dan wilayah; dan 3. Menciptakan keku- atan produktif baru secara kolektif di desa dan kawasan perdesaan. Ketiga hal tersebut dimak- sudkan untuk meningkatkan status, penguasaan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dan pendapatan absolut maupun relatif dari masyarakat miskin, sehingga terjadi perubahan kondisi masyarakat miskin. Perubahan kondisi masyarakat miskin atas penguasaan tanah/lahan sebelum dan setelah adanya kebijakan, legislasi, dan pelaksanaan program tersebut. Dalam kenya- taanya, di Indonesia terdapat dua istilah yakni pembaruan agraria dan reforma agraria, kedua- nya terkait erat dengan program landreform dan secara luas digunakan untuk melaksanakan agen- da-agenda terkait pertanahan secara progresif (Neilson 2016, 246).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 250, "width": 226, "height": 356, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 1 UU No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria, Reforma Agraria adalah penataan kembali struktur penguasaan, pemi- likan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah yang lebih berkeadilan melalui Penataan Aset dan disertai dengan Penataan Akses untuk kemak- muran rakyat Indonesia. Berdasarkan Pasal 1 ayat (2) Penataan Aset adalah penataan kembali penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan dan peman- faatan tanah dalam rangka menciptakan keadilan di bidang penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah. Pasal 1 ayat (3) Penataan Akses adalah pemberian kesempatan akses permodalan maupun bantuan lain kepada subjek Reforma Agraria dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan yang berbasis pada pemanfaatan tanah, yang disebut juga pember- dayaan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, beberapa pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam kajian ini adalah: Bagaimana konflik agrarian yang terjadi di Desa Punggelan, Banjarnegara? bagaimana imple- mentasinya; bagaimana sikap masyarakat dalam merespons implementasi reforma agraria; dan apakah terdapat pengaruh implementasi reforma agraria terhadap sikap masyarakat?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 622, "width": 214, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "B. Reforma Agraria dan Harapan Masyarakat yang Bersengketa Lahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 657, "width": 225, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penyelenggaraan reforma agraria di Indone- sia diarahkan untuk melakukan perubahan struk- tur penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah untuk menjamin terwujud- nya keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam pengu- asaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah (Nurlinda 2009, 81). Penyelenggaraan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 520, "top": 45, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "153", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 206, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Reforma Agraria dalam Pasal 3 Perpres No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah melalui tahapan perencanaan Reforma Agraria dan Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria. Perencanaan ini dalam Pasal 4 meliputi perencanaan Penataan Aset terhadap penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA), perencanaan terhadap penataan akses dalam penggunaan dan pemanfaatan serta produksi atas TORA, peren- canaan kepastian hukum dan legislasi atas TORA, perencanaan penanganan Sengketa dan Konflik Agraria, dan perencanaan kegiatan lain yang mendukung Reforma Agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 280, "width": 225, "height": 296, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria di Indonesia menekankan pada konsep redistribusi tanah dengan membagikan tanah yang dikuasai Negara, tanah kelebihan luas maksimum, tanah absen- tee, dan tanah Negara lainnya yang telah ditetap- kan menjadi tanah objek Reforma Agraria kepada petani penggarap dan petani lahan sempit. Na- mun secara garis besar dalam UU No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria terdapat 3 hal uta- ma dalam Reforma Agraria, yaitu penataan aset, penataan akses, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Hal ini sejalan dengan Strategi Nasional Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria 2015-2019 yang antara lain meli- puti: penguatan kerangka regulasi dan penye- lesaian konflik agraria; penataan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah objek Reforma Agraria (TORA); kepastian hukum dan legalisasi hak atas TORA; dan pemberdayaan masyarakat pemanfaatan TORA (RPJMN 2015, Luthf i 2018, Salim dan Uta- mi 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 580, "width": 225, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tanah-tanah yang sudah ditetapkan menjadi TORA, diredistribusikan untuk kepentingan pertanian dan non pertanian. Untuk pertanian diredistribusikan kepada subjek Reforma Agraria dengan luasan tanah paling besar 5 (lima) hektar sesuai dengan ketersediaan TORA disertai dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau Hak Kepe- milikan Bersama. Sedangkan redistribusi untuk non pertanian adalah kegiatan di luar bidang pertanian, baik yang berada di wilayah perkotaan atau pedesaan. Redistribusi untuk non pertanian dapat dilakukan melalui konsolidasi tanah disertai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau sertipikat hak milik atas satuan rumah susun. Redistribusi lahan dilakukan untuk petani gurem atau tak bertanah yang lahan di wilayahnya sudah terbagi habis dalam hak-hak pemanfaatan yang diberikan negara pada perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan atau lahan-lahan yang diberikan Hak Guna Bangunan atau jenis hak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 190, "width": 226, "height": 236, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Target pelaksanaan kebijakan reforma agraria di Indonesia sebagaimana tercantum dalam RPJMN 2015-2019 adalah seluas 9 juta hektar yang dilakukan melalui skema redistribusi tanah dan legalisasi tanah dengan menggunakan tanah ma- sing-masing seluas 4,5 juta hektar sebagai objek Reforma Agraria. Persentase sumber tanah yang akan diredistribusikan terdiri atas 4,1 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari kawasan hutan dan 0,4 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari lahan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) yang telah habis masa berlakunya (eks-HGU), tanah terlantar, dan tanah Negara yang lainnya. Sedangkan sumber tanah yang akan dilegislasikan terdiri atas 0,6 juta hektar lahan yang telah dialokasikan untuk transmigrasi dan 3,9 juta hektar lahan dari hasil legislasi aset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 442, "width": 196, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "C. Konflik Agraria dan Penyelesaian Konflik di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 477, "width": 226, "height": 281, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Indonesia yang tengah berjalan dalam masa transisi, menjadi penting menghadirkan kesa- daran sejarah, di tengah upayanya mentrasfor- masikan masyarakat agraria ke masyarakat industri. Jika mayoritas masyarakat kita, dalam perjalanan pembentukan masa lalunya lebih banyak berkubang dalam pertanian sub sistem dan kurang berkonsentrasi pada cara memacu produktivitas utntuk aktivitas perdagangan dan industri, haruslah disadari bahwa hal ini dise- babkan panjangnya tekanan bersifat struktural dan kultural semasa penjajahan serta sistem politik paska penjajahan yang belum stabil. Maka tidak beralasan jika ada kesimpulan bahwa watak petani kita kurang kreatif dan produktif lebih banyak memanfaatkan kepemilikan lahan dari pada mengembangkan dan mengoptimalkan produksi- nya. Pada masa Orde Baru pemerintah lebih mem- berikan kepercayaan pada petani dengan didu-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 306, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "154 Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 270, "top": 450, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "No Provinsi Lokasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 450, "width": 276, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Organisasi Rakyat Luas Lahan (Ha) Kabupaten Kecamatan Desa Kampung 1 Jawa Barat Cianjur Kadupandak Warga Asih Paguyuban Tani Cianjur 827 2 Jawa Barat Cianjur Cibeber,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 370, "top": 492, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kadupandak, Bojong", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 370, "top": 485, "width": 65, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Picung Sukaharja,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 485, "width": 274, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Wargasari dan Neglasari Paguyuban Tani Cianjur 570 3 Jawa Barat Ciamis Cipaku Muktisari Cijoho SPP Ciamis 40,72 4 Jawa Tengah Pemalang Petarukan Klarean", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 518, "width": 271, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Serikat Tani Independen Pemalang 160 5 Jawa Tengah Pemalang Belik Sikasur Dukuh Sodong Sarekat Pengorganisasi an Rakyat 83 6 Jawa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 558, "width": 222, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tengah Banjarnegara Punggelan Punggelan Himpunan Masyarakat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 485, "top": 558, "width": 59, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tani Banjarnegara (HITAMBARA) 80", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 591, "width": 269, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "7 Jawa Timur Batu Bumiaji Tulungrejo Junggo Serikat Petani Gunung Biru (SGPB) 9 8 Jawa Timur Blitar Gandusari Gadungan dan Sumberagung Dusun Sukomuly o dan Dusun Rejokaton Paguyuban", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 611, "width": 272, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Petani Aryo Blitar (PPAB) dan Sitas Desa 557 9 Sulawesi Tenggara Minahasa Tenggara Belang Mangkit Serikat Petani Minahasa 443", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "kung teknologi tepat guna dan faktor institusional yang menopang, maka dalam waktu satu se- tengah dasawarsa swasembada beras pun dapat diraih pemerintahan Orde Baru (Dananhuri 1996, 5). Untuk menjadi barisan negara maju ada dua hal yang sangat prinsip yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 160, "width": 225, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "1. Landasan pertanian kita yang mencerminkan akses petani terhadap aset produktif, berupa modal, teknologi, kelembagaan, kepemilikan tanah adalah pra kondisi dimana sektor per- tanian menjadi mitra dalam proses indus- trialisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 250, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "2. Dengan melihat akumulasi pengalaman sejarah, maka menjadi keharusan untuk me- numbuhkan pengusaha pribumi yang dalam kurun waktu tertentu memerlukan “perlin- dungan sementara” pemerintah, dan pada giliranya menjadi mandiri dalam arti sebagai entrepreneurship yang sesungguhnya (Danan- huri 1996, 6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 370, "width": 225, "height": 251, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pertama, Landasan pertanian kita semestinya sudah kokoh dengan lahirnya UUPA 1960, Soekarno menyadari kekayaan Indonesia yang cukup besar dengan melihat dokumen dari penelitian yang dilakukan Chulonkorn Univer- sity tahun 2012, bahwa pemerintah Hindia Belanda dari tahun 1878 hingga 1941 men- dapatkan keuntungan ekspor Indonesia yang masih didominasi pertanian, peneli- tian ini menemukan tabungan orang Belan- da di Indonesia, serta anggaran pemerintah Hindia Belanda menjajah Indonesia sejum- lah 34 Milyar gulden selama 63 tahun, setara dengan $ 22 Milyar yang bila dikonversi dengan uang sekarang sebesar $5123 yang artinya sejumlah 66.599 trilyun (Subianto 2017, 35).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 625, "width": 225, "height": 131, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kedua, Landasan agraria memberikan dan mengokohkan kedudukan sosial, ekonomi dan politik para tani, Lahirnya UUPA 1960 telah tuntas mengokohkan kedu- dukan tani dengan slogan kebijakan Tanah untuk para penggarap, dalam kurun 1960–1965 para petani mendapatkan angin surga perubahan taraf kehidupanya dan garis–garis haluan negara dalam perekonomian nasional kembali pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 326, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "konstitusi pasal 33 UUD 1945, namun sayang upaya Soekarno mengembalikan arah kebijakan perekonomian nasional harus didompleng PKI yang juga merupakan bom waktu menghancur- kan konsep Nasakomnya. Sehingga pada tahun 1965 dengan pecahnya kudeta Soekarno maka runtuhlah seluruh garis kebijakan ekonomi Soekarno dan berakibat UUPA 1960 mengalami pembekuan hingga Orde Baru runtuh. Dan dilanjutkan masa Orde Reformasi ketimpangan kepemilikan tanah masih sangat besar, dimana 1 % penduduk menguasai 72 % tanah kita (Subianto 2017, 7). Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan reforma agraria agar kepemilikan tanah sebagai aset stra- tegis tidak hanya dikuasai oleh segelintir orang saja. Pembahasan mengenai konflik agraria di In- donesia. Pada tahun 2019 terdapat 9 (sembilan) daerah yang berstatus dapat ditindaklanjuti seba- gai lokasi pelaksanaan reformasi agraria peme- rintah, lokasi-lokasi tersebut berasal dari LPRA tahap pertama yang diusulkan serikat tani anggota KPA, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 299, "top": 413, "width": 220, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 1. Prioritas Lokasi Pelaksanaan Reformasi Agraria Pemerintah Tahun 2019", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 666, "width": 224, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Laporan Konsorsium Pembangunan Agraria Tahun 2019", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 702, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 1. dapat dijelaskan bahwa Kabupaten Banjarnegara termasuk pada prioritas dalam kebijakan reforma agraria. Namun tingkat konflik dalam penyelesaian redistribusi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 519, "top": 45, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "155", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "lahan tidak sampai pada bentrokan fisik. Pengurus HITAMBARA selalu melakukan pendekatan persuasif dengan pemerintah kabupaten dan Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banjarnegara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 225, "height": 311, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penyelenggaraan reforma agraria di Indone- sia diarahkan untuk melakukan perubahan struk- tur penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah untuk menjamin terwujud- nya keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam pengu- asaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah (Nurlinda 2009, 81). Penyelenggaraan Reforma Agraria dalam Pasal 3 Perpres No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah melalui tahapan perencanaan Reforma Agraria dan Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria. Perencanaan ini dalam Pasal 4 meliputi perencanaan Penataan Aset terhadap penguasaan dan pemilikan Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA), perencanaan terhadap penataan akses dalam penggunaan dan pemanfaatan serta produksi atas TORA, peren- canaan kepastian hukum dan legislasi atas TORA, perencanaan penanganan Sengketa dan Konflik Agraria, dan perencanaan kegiatan lain yang mendukung Reforma Agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 445, "width": 225, "height": 266, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria di Indonesia menekankan pada konsep redistribusi tanah dengan membagikan tanah yang dikuasai Negara, tanah kelebihan luas maksimum, tanah absen- tee, dan tanah Negara lainnya yang telah ditetap- kan menjadi tanah objek Reforma Agraria kepada petani penggarap dan petani lahan sempit. Namun secara garis besar dalam UU No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria terdapat 3 hal utama dalam Reforma Agraria, yaitu penataan aset, penataan akses, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Hal ini sejalan dengan Strategi Nasional Pelaksa- naan Reforma Agraria 2015-2019 yang antara lain meliputi: penguatan kerangka regulasi dan penye- lesaian konflik agraria; penataan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah objek Reforma Agraria; kepastian hukum dan legalisasi hak atas TORA; dan pem- berdayaan masyarakat pemanfaatan TORA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 715, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tanah-tanah yang sudah ditetapkan menjadi TORA, diredistribusikan untuk kepentingan per- tanian dan non pertanian. Untuk pertanian dire-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 251, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "distribusikan kepada subjek Reforma Agraria dengan luasan tanah paling besar 5 (lima) hektare sesuai dengan ketersediaan TORA disertai dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau Hak Kepe- milikan Bersama. Sedangkan redistribusi untuk non pertanian adalah kegiatan di luar bidang pertanian, baik yang berada di wilayah perkotaan atau pedesaan. Redistribusi untuk non pertanian dapat dilakukan melalui konsolidasi tanah disertai dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau sertipikat hak milik atas satuan rumah susun. Redistribusi lahan dilakukan untuk petani gurem atau tak bertanah yang lahan di wilayahnya sudah terbagi habis dalam hak-hak pemanfaatan yang diberikan negara pada perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan atau lahan-lahan yang diberikan Hak Guna Bangunan atau jenis hak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 325, "width": 226, "height": 236, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Target pelaksanaan kebijakan reforma agraria di Indonesia sebagaimana tercantum dalam RPJMN 2015-2019 adalah seluas 9 juta hektar yang dilakukan melalui skema redistribusi tanah dan legalisasi tanah dengan menggunakan tanah masing-masing seluas 4,5 juta hektar sebagai objek Reforma Agraria. Persentase sumber tanah yang akan diredistribusikan terdiri atas 4,1 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari kawasan hutan dan 0,4 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari lahan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) yang telah habis masa berlakunya (eks-HGU), tanah terlantar, dan tanah Negara yang lainnya. Sedangkan sumber tanah yang akan dilegislasikan terdiri atas 0,6 juta hektar lahan yang telah dialokasikan untuk transmigrasi dan 3,9 juta hektar lahan dari hasil legislasi aset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 577, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "D. Konflik Agraria di Banjarnegara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 596, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Konflik bermula dari PT Pakis Aji Banyumas yang masa Hak Guna Usaha nya untuk mengelola tanah sebagai kebun kopi, cengkeh dan kelapa habis pada 31 Desember 2011. Masyarakat petani penggarap sekitar kemudian berharap untuk memperjuangkan tanah tersebut untuk menjadi hak milik dari petani penggarapnya. Sebab, PT Pakis Aji sebagai pemilik HGU menyalahi izin dengan menelantarkan tanah yang seharusnya digarap sebagai kebun kopi, cengkeh, dan kelapa tersebut. Penelantaran tersebut mulai terjadi sete-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 17, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "156", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 47, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 266, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "lah pada tahun 1980-an PT Pakis Aji mengalami penurunan hasil, sehingga sebagian lahan tidak dapat ditanami. Kesepakatan kemudian terjadi antara perusahaan dengan petani sekitar, dimana petani akan menggarap lahan dengan menanami rempah-rempah, selama tidak merusak perke- bunan kopi. Perusahaan kemudian akan mema- sarkan hasil panen dan melakukan bagi hasil dengan petani penggarapnya. Namun PT Pakis Aji tidak mampu memenuhi kewajiban kesepa- katannya, yaitu untuk memasarkan hasil, menye- babkan penumpukan hasil panen yang tidak mampu didistribusi. Hal ini membuat masyarakat petani sekitar kemudian menjual sendiri hasil panen mereka tanpa perantara perusahaan hingga pada berakhirnya HGU di 31 Desember 2011, lahan tersebut telah sepenuhnya dikelola oleh masya- rakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 340, "width": 225, "height": 326, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sebelumnya, pada tahun 2005 Bupati Banjar- negara mengundang Direktur PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas, Direktur PT. Serayu Makmur, Kepala Kantah Kabupaten Banjarnegara dan beberapa dinas terkait untuk membahas ketidaksang- gupan PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas dalam mengelola lahan sesuai dengan peruntukannya yaitu untuk kebun kopi dan cengkeh). Bupati memberikan kesempatan pada PT Serayu Makmur untuk mengambil alih pengelolaan lahan, yang kemu- dian ditolak oleh PT Serayu Makmur karena sebagian besar lahan telah dikuasai secara f isik oleh petani sekitar. Pada tahun 2010 PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas mengajukan permohonan reko- mendasi No. 47/VII/PB/2010 kepada Bupati Banjarnegara untuk perpanjangan HGU tanah tersebut. Kemudian terhadap permohonan tersebut Bupati Banjarnegara membuat surat penolakan terhadap PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas untuk memperpanjang HGUnya sebagaimana tercantum dalam surat No. 525.3/3134 tanggal 1 Oktober 2010.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 670, "width": 225, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kemudian disepakati bahwa kepada pemegang hak/pemilik HGU No. 3/Desa Punggelan yakni PT Pakis Aji untuk diberi surat peringatan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku mengingat ber- akhir haknya tanggal 31 Desember 2011. Peringatan I dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2011, Peringatan II", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 191, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2011 dengan surat No. 4859/16-500/VIII/33/2011 tanggal 12 Agustus 2011, kemudian peringatan III dilaksa- nakan pada bulan September 2011 dengan surat No. 5295/16-500/IX/33/2011 tanggal 13 September 2011. Akan tetapi setelah dilakukan peringatan III berakhir hingga masa berlakunya HGU No. 3/Desa Punggelan tanggal 31 Desember 2011 pemegang hak tidak mengusahakan, menggunakan, dan memanfaatkan tanah sebagaimana mestinya. Se- hingga secara hukum PT. Pakis Aji sudah tidak lagi memiliki HGU di tanah tersebut dan kembali menjadi tanah Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 265, "width": 225, "height": 221, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bupati Banjarnegara kemudian mengajukan surat permohonan tanggal 31 Juli 2013 Nomor 050/ 2733/Setda/511/2013 kepada BPN RI perihal pengembalian aset PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas kepa- da Pemerintah Daerah yang intinya pemerintah daerah kabupaten Banjarnegara berkeinginan mengelola sebagian tanah eks HGU tersebut untuk keperluan lahan konservasi dan agrowisata. Sedangkan tanah tersebut sudah sepenuhnya dikuasai oleh masyarakat yang tergabung dalam Himpunan Tani Masyarakat Banjarnegara (HITAMBARA). Sehingga timbullah perma- salahan antara pemerintah daerah Banjarnegara dengan masyarakat yang tergabung dalam HITAMBARA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 490, "width": 225, "height": 161, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Atas permasalahan tersebut Kantor Wilayah Badan Pertanahan Nasional Provinsi Jawa Tengah menegaskan bahwa tanah HGU No. 3/Desa Pung- gelan tersebut menjadi tanah Negara dan akan dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber tanah objek reforma agraria atau Program Strategis Peme- rintah lainnya melalui surat Kanwil BPN Provinsi Jawa Tengah Nomor: 2298/19-33/600/XII/2018 tanggal 5 Desember 2018 perihal Tindak Lanjut Tanah Terindikasi Terlantar yang sudah berakhir haknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 655, "width": 225, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pihak masyarakat tani bersama KPA (Konsor- sium Pembaruan Agraria) berupaya agar bisa mempertahankan tanah tersebut karena dinilai akan dapat lebih membawa kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat sekitar dibandingkan apabila digu- nakan sebagai lahan agrowisata. Proses pemetaan yang dilakukan oleh kaum tani yang tergabung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 519, "top": 45, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 311, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dalam HITAMBARA (Himpunan Tani Masyarakat Banjarnegara) dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk pengajuan sertif ikat tanah Negara Eks HGU Perkebunan PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas. Dimana posisi kasus saat ini HGU tersebut sudah habis pada tahun 2011 dan tanah tersebut sudah diter- lantarkan dari tahun 1980 dan tidak diusahakan sesuai dengan HGU. Sehingga kaum tani di wilayah ini berusaha mengajukan tanah tersebut yang sudah dikuasai 20 tahun lebih untuk menja- di tanah milik dari kaum tani di tiga desa, yaitu Desa Punggelan, Desa Karangsari, dan Desa Jem- bangan Kecamatan Punggelan, Kabupaten Ban- jarnegara (Diyantoro 2014). Fungsi diselenggara- kannya pendaftaran tanah adalah agar para pengelola lahan dapat dengan mudah mengeta- hui status atau kedudukan hukum dari pada lahan atau tanah yang dihadapinya, letak, luas, dan batas-batas, siapa yang mempunyai dan beban-beban apa yang ada di atasnya (Riyanto 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 385, "width": 225, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lahan yang dipetakan oleh HITAMBARA dikelola oleh 276 orang (Peta Lahan Kelompok Tani Hitambara, 2019). Pemetaan partisipatif yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat atau kaum tani ini bertujuan untuk:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 460, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "1. Upaya pengajuan sertipikasi hak milik bagi kaum tani di Desa Punggelan, Karangsari, dan Jembangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 505, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "2. Sebagai perencanaan lahan kelola tersebut dan rencana pembangunan insfrastruktur kepentingan-kepentingan umum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 550, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "3. Memperjelas batas tanah warga dengan eks perkebunan dan luasan lahan yang sedang dikelola.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 595, "width": 225, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Upaya penyelesaian konflik pertanahan yang terjadi melibatkan beberapa pihak seperti Pemerintah Daerah, Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN), Pemerintahan Desa dan masyarakat. Pe- nanganan sengketa dan konflik agraria tersebut difasilitasi oleh Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria secara berjenjang. Gugus tugas tersebut terdiri atas Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria Pusat, Pro- vinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota dengan tugas meng- koordinasikan penyediaan TORA dalam rangka penataan aset di tingkat pusat, berkoordinasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dalam pelaksanaan penataan akses di tingkat pusat, mengintegrasikan pelaksanaan penataan aset dan penataan akses di tingkat pusat, menyam- paikan laporan hasil Reforma Agraria Nasional kepada Tim Reforma Agraria Nasional untuk memfasilitasi penanganan Sengketa Konflik Agra- ria, dan melakukaan pengawasan terhadap pelak- sanaan tugas Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria Pro- vinsi dan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria Kabu- paten/Kota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 220, "width": 226, "height": 326, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sayangnya, menurut key-informan di kantor pertanahan, penyelenggaraan reforma agraria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara belum terlaksana sampai pada tahap pelaksanaan. Hal ini ditandai dengan belum terbentuknya Gugus Tugas Refor- ma Agraria tingkat kabupaten/kota sehingga penyelenggaraan reforma agraria belum bisa dilaksanakan dengan baik. Melihat hal ini, untuk menjawab permasalahan yang diajukan penulis mengenai sejauh mana signif ikansi program reforma agraria dalam menurunkan konf lik agraria, maka perlu dilakukan pengujian hipo- tesis apakah program reforma agraria mem- berikan dampak terhadap konf lik agraria. Dengan demikian, jika aturan mengenai kepe- milikan diperjelas diharapkan akan sesuai dengan harapan para pihak yang mengalami konf lik kepemilikan lahan. Ketika konf lik kepemilikan tersebut sudah mulai mereda dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan para pihak yang bersengketa, maka konflik agraria diharapkan mengalami penurunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 550, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Maka untuk melihat keefektifan program reforma agraria dalam menyelesaikan sengketa/ konflik, tulisan ini melihat respons para petani di Kabupaten Banjarnegara yang mengalami seng- keta lahan, dengan menyajikan beberapa item pertanyaan pada kuesioner yang diberikan kepada beberapa sampel yang dipilih. Terdiri atas 3 item pertanyaan untuk pengetahuan mereka terhadap program reforma agraria dan 4 (empat) item per- tanyaan untuk kesesuaian dengan harapan para petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 306, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "158 Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 59, "top": 103, "width": 213, "height": 561, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian Frekuensi Presentase Presentase Kumulatif 1 49 49.0 49 2 36 36.0 85 3 4 13 0 13.0 0 98 98 5 1 1.0 99 6 1 1.0 100 Total 100 100.0 Penilaian Frekuensi Persentase Presentase Kumulatif 1 60 60 60 2 36 36 96 3 3 3 99 4 5 6 1 0 0 1 0 0 100 100 100 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 73, "top": 69, "width": 187, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 2. Pemahaman terhadap Program Reforma Agraria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 205, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 227, "width": 225, "height": 296, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 2 dapat dijelaskan bahwa mayoritas petani tidak memiliki pema- haman terhadap reforma agraria yang telah dila- kukan oleh pemerintah. Menurut Ketua HITAM- BARA, para petani umumnya tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup berkenaan dengan hu- kum pertanahan. Mereka mengelola lahan yang dianggap terlantar, namun tidak mempedulikan status hukumnya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa para petani belum mengerti mengenai hak atas tanah yang dikelolanya. Para petani HITAM- BARA kemudia menunjuk pengurus HITAM- BARA untuk melakukan tindakan hukum yang diperlukan agar seluruh prosesnya dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan dan perundang-un- dangan yang berlaku di Indonesia (komunikasi dengan Sarkim 23 Agustus 2019). Untuk menge- tahui bagaimana program reforma agraria dila- kukan oleh BPN dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 541, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 3. Peran BPN dalam Reforma Agraria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 675, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 698, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 3 diketahui bahwa para petani mayoritas tidak merasa BPN berperan dalam pelaksanaan reforma agraria. Hal tersebut tentu menjadi bahan pertimbangan para pejabat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 221, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "BPN di tingkat pusat, provinsi maupun kabupaten agar memiliki peran yang besar dalam melaksa- nakan kebijakan reforma agraria yang telah dila- kukan oleh pemerintah. BPN memiliki peran besar dalam implementasi program reforma agra- ria. Dimana data mengenai pertanahan yang sudah tersertif ikasi secara keseluruhan dimiliki oleh Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Oleh karena itu, BPN perlu memberikan perhatian khusus teru- tama dalam menangani konflik lahan di Desa Punggelan, Kecamatan Punggelan, Kabupaten Banjarnegara agar konflik tersebut tidak terus menerus terjadi. Sedangkan respons petani terha- dap penanggung jawab pelaksana reforma agraria dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 308, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 4. Adanya Penanggung Jawab Pelaksana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 322, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Reforma Agraria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 451, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 473, "width": 225, "height": 236, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 4 mayoritas respon- den menjawab bahwa mereka merasa belum ada pihak yang bertanggung jawab dalam melaksa- nakan program reforma agraria. Menurut Sarkim (komunikasi pribadi tanggal 28 Agustus 2019) menyatakan bahwa mereka selama ini merasa dilempar-lempar dari satu pihak ke pihak lainnya. Baik di tingkat pemerintah Kabupaten Banjar- negara, maupun dari Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Namun setelah pertemuan dengan Bupati Ban- jarnegara merasa ada titik terang mengenai sta- tus lahan eks-HGU PT. Pakis Aji. Namun demi- kian, penanggungjawab yang menangani refor- ma agraria ini belum ada dikarenakan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria sampai saat ini belum terbentuk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 713, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Menurut Sutrisno, (komunikasi pribadi, tang- gal 9 Agustus 2019), sebelum terbentuknya Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria di Banjarnegara, Kantor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 342, "width": 216, "height": 101, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian F r ekuensi P r esentase P r esentas e Kumulatif 1 73 73.0 73 2 25 25.0 98 3 1 1.0 99 4 5 6 1 0 0 1.0 0 0 100 100 100 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 518, "top": 45, "width": 17, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "159", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 251, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pertanahan Banjarnegara berperan untuk me- nangani harapan-harapan masyarakat dan meng- hubungkan antara masyarakat dengan Peme- rintah Daerah Banjarnegara dalam hal penye- lenggaraan reforma agraria. Kantor Pertanahan Banjarnegara sudah memohonkan kepada Pemerintah Daerah untuk segera membentuk Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria agar penyeleg- garaan reforma agraria segera terwujud di Kabu- paten Banjarnegara. Pihak yang dapat memu- tuskan dan menetapkan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria adalah pemerintah kabupaten, sehingga sampai saat ini Kantor Pertanahan Banjarnegara dan masyarakat menunggu keputusan dari Peme- rintah Daerah. Berdasarkan hal ini, dapat diamati terdapat kurangnya koordinasi antar level mana- jemen dalam reforma agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 325, "width": 225, "height": 131, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Terkait dengan tingkat pemenuhan harapan petani, survey dilakukan untuk melihat apakah petani sudah merasa terpenuhi haknya. Jika petani sudah terpenuhi haknya, maka implemen- tasi strategi reforma agraria dapat dirasakan man- faatnya bagi masyarakat dan kebijakan reforma agraria tersebut dianggap dapat menurunkan konflik pertanahan. Berikut ini hasil tabulasi kuesioner dari responsden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 473, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 5. Hak atas Pengelolaan Hasil Pertanian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 593, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 615, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 5 dapat dilihat bahwa mayo- ritas responsden menjawab belum memiliki hak atas pengelolaan tanah sesuai dengan apa yang mereka harapkan. Menurut Sarkim (komunikasi tanggal 28 Agustus 2019) menyatakan bahwa pada saat ini mereka mendapatkan hak untuk meng- garap lahan eks-HGU PT. Pakis Aji hanya secara lisan dari Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banjar- negara yang mempersilahkan kepada mereka untuk mengelola lahan tersebut. Sedangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "kepuasan masyarakat mengenai penyelesaian konf lik lahan yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banjarnegara dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 144, "width": 202, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tebel 6. Proses Penyelesaian Konflik Lahan dengan Baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 280, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 303, "width": 226, "height": 251, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 6 diketahui bahwa penye- lesaian konf lik lahan, mayoritas masyarakat merasa cukup puas. Menurut Ketua HITAM- BARA, bahwa sengketa lahan eks-HGU PT. Pakis Aji diselesaikan dengan baik, tanpa adanya keke- rasan yang menimbulkan korban jiwa. Perte- muan-pertemuan yang dilakukan oleh serikat tani di Banjarnegara khususnya serikat tani HITAMBARA dengan Pemerintah Kabupaten dan Kantor Pertanahan Banjarnegara untuk penyelesaian masalah pertanahan selalu direspons dengan baik, hanya saja proses pelaksanaan penyelesaiannya yang lambat (komunikasi dengan Sarkim 23 Agustus 2019). Sedangkan kepuasan masyarakat yang menggarap lahan eks- HGU PT. Pakis Aji terhadap hak atas lahan ter- sebut dapat dilihat dari Tabel 7 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 571, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 7. Setiap Penggarap Mendapatkan Hak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 408, "top": 585, "width": 29, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 708, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 730, "width": 226, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 7 mayoritas penggarap be- lum puas dengan hak lahan yang mereka kelola.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 498, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 493, "width": 182, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "F r ekuensi Pe r sentase P r esentase Kumulatif 1 61 61.0 62 2 34 34.0 96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 536, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 102, "top": 547, "width": 5, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "4 5 6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 141, "top": 536, "width": 5, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "4 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 536, "width": 175, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "0 0 4.0 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 321, "top": 178, "width": 204, "height": 520, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian F r ekuensi Pe r sentase P r esntase Kumulatif 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 5 3 41 41 46 4 52 52 98 5 6 2 0 2 0 100 Total 100 100 Penilaian F r ekuensi Pe r sentase Pe r sentase Kumulatif 1 68 68.0 68.0 2 23 23.0 91.0 3 4 5 6 9 0 0 0 9.0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "160", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 47, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 341, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Hal ini disebabkan belum adanya tindak lanjut dari pemerintah maupun kantor pertanahan mengenai status kepemilikan tanah tersebut. Menurut Sarkim (komunikasi pribadi tanggal 28 Agustus 2019). Serikat Tani HITAMBARA sendiri sudah melakukan pemetaan lahan, daftar nama- nama penggarap dan luasan lahan yang dikelola oleh masing-masing penggarap, sebagaimana tercantum dalam Surat Keterangan Nomor: 07/ HTMB/VIII/2019 tentang Penetapan Anggota, akan tetapi ketetapan tersebut baru ditetapkan oleh ketua serikat tani HITAMBARA yang diketa- hui oleh Kepala Desa Punggelan, belum adanya tindak lanjut oleh pemerintah kabupaten untuk aspek legalnya. Selain dari itu HITAMBARA juga sudah merencanakan untuk mendirikan fasilitas- fasilitas umum untuk kepentingan masyarakat pada lahan tersebut, diantaranya akan melakukan pembuatan dan pelebaran jalan, mendirikan sara- na peribadatan, mendirikan sekolah, dan menyi- apkan lahan untuk peternakan. Hal tersebut belum bisa dilakukan tanpa adanya dukungan dan bantuan dari pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 427, "width": 220, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "E. Pengaruh Program Reforma Agraria terhadap Pemenuhan Harapan Petani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 462, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada hasil output SPSS untuk mengukur efektivitas reforma agraria dalam menurunkan konflik agraria, maka dapat ditam- pilkan hasil dari regresi untuk mengukur penga- ruh program reforma agraria terhadap peme- nuhan harapan petani. Jika pemenuhan harapan petani sudah terpenuhi dengan kebijakan refor- ma agraria, maka konflik lahan dianggap menga- lami penurunan. Berikut ini merupakan hasil out- put SPSS dari pengujian regresi sederhana:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 626, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 8. Pengaruh Reforma Agraria terhadap Pemenuhan Harapan Petani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 703, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 726, "width": 225, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pada Tabel 8 dapat diketahui nilai kuadrat R sebesar 0,185 atau 18,5%. Hal tersebut menun-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "jukkan bahwa program reforma agraria memiliki pengaruh sebesar 18,5% terhadap penurunan konflik agraria. Sedangkan untuk melihat tingkat signif ikansinya digunakan pengujian t sebagai- mana pada Tabel 9 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 159, "width": 204, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Signifikansi Pengaruh Program Reforma Agraria terhadap Konflik Agraria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 273, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 302, "width": 225, "height": 221, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signif ikasi pada SPSS sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signif ikan program reforma agraria terhadap konflik agraria. Meskipun proses implementasi program reforma agraria belum 100 persen selesai, namun dianggap sudah memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para petani penggarap lahan eks PT Pakis Aji. Para petani penggarap lahan eks HGU PT. Pakis Aji sudah secara de facto menguasai lahan tersebut, meskipun secara hukum mereka belum menda- patkan dokumen apapun yang membuktikan bahwa lahan tersebut telah dimiliki dan dikuasai secara sah oleh para petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 539, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "E. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 558, "width": 225, "height": 205, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dibangun pada bagian sebelumnya, dapat dilihat bahwa 98% petani penggarap lahan eks PT. Pakis Aji yang ber- sengketa lahan belum memiliki pemahaman terhadap implementasi program reforma agraria. Dapat disimpulkan juga bahwa para petani tidak merasakan secara penuh keterlibatan pemerintah dalam program tersebut. Meskipun demikian, para petani tersebut merasa puas terhadap proses penyelesaian konflik lahan, meskipun belum merasa puas terhadap hak lahan yang mereka kelola. Hal ini dapat dipahami mengingat proses reforma agraria itu sendiri belum mencapai tahap 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 661, "width": 200, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Model Nilai R Nilai Kuad r at R Adjusted R Square 1 .430 a .185 .177", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 301, "top": 207, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Nilai t Statistik Tingkat Signifikansi Nilai Signifikansi Statistik Refo r ma Ag r a r ia te r hadap Konflik Ag r a r ia 4,784 0,05 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 521, "top": 45, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "161", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 356, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Program reforma agraria mendapatkan res- pons positif dari masyarakat yang bersengekata lahan di Desa Punggelan, Banjarnegara. Namun demikian, mereka belum mendapatkan informasi mengenai manfaat dari penerapan reforma agra- ria karena prosesnya belum selesai. Permasalahan mendasar terletak pada situasi dimana para petani belum mengerti mengenai hak atas tanah yang dikelolanya. Pada satu sisi mereka memiliki hak mengelola lahan sebagai sumber penghasilan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonominya, pada sisi lain mereka belum memiliki aspek legal yang otentik bahwa tanah tersebut adalah hak masya- rakat. Para petani penggarap lahan eks PT. Pakis Aji memiliki kekhawatiran karena belum memiliki akta otentik, lahan tersebut masih bisa dikelola oleh siapa saja yang mungkin akan merugikan masyarakat yang telah mengelolanya sedangkan masyarakat tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu memberikan pemahaman terhadap petani mengenai program reforma agraria. Hal tersebut untuk menghindari peralihan kepemilikan tanpa melalui jalur yang sah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 457, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Diyantoro, S 2014, ‘Pemetaan partisipatif Desa Punggelan Kecamatan Punggelan Kabu- paten Banjarnegara Jawa Tengah’, JKPP,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 521, "width": 35, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 536, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Hajati, S dkk., 2017, Politik hukum pertanahan, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. Harsono, B 2005, Hukum agraria Indonesia,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 581, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Cetakan ke-10, Djambatan, Jakarta. Kantor Staf Presdien RI 2017, Pelaksanaan reforma agraria, arahan Kantor Staf Presiden: Prio- ritas nasional reforma agraria dalam Ren- cana Kerja Pemerintah Tahun 2017 , Kantor Staf Presiden RI, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 671, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Latif, F 2018, ‘Pengaturan tanah terlantar menurut hukum positif nasional dan hukum ekonomi syariah’, Tesis pada Program Studi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri Purwokerto. Luthf i, AN 2018, ‘Reforma kelembagaan dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "kebijakan Reforma Agraria era Joko Widodo- Jusuf Kalla’, Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Perta- nahan , vol. 4, no. 2, hlm. 140-163. Limbong, B 2012, Hukum agraria nasional, Jakarta: Pustaka Margaretha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 145, "width": 226, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lipton, M 2009, Land reform in developing coun- tries. Property rigts and property wrongs,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 175, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Routledege, London.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 190, "width": 226, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Mu’adi, S 2008, ‘Penyelesaian sengketa hak atas tanah perkebunan melalui cara non litigasi’, Disertasi pada Program Doktor Ilmu Hukum Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro, Se- marang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 265, "width": 226, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Mulyani, L 2014, ‘Kritik atas penanganan konflik agraria di Indonesia’, Jurnal Bhumi , no. 39 Tahun 13, April.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 310, "width": 226, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Nurlinda, I 2009, Prinsip-prinsip pembaruan ag- raria: Perspektif hukum, Raja Graf indo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 355, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Nurlinda, Ida. 2018, ‘Perolehan Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA) yang berasal dari Kawasan Hutan: Permasalahan dan Penga- turannya’, Veritas et Justitia, vol. 4, no. 2, hlm. 252-273. 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cf763399-9ab2-e365-2f62-9f31421045d1	https://jurnal.unigo.ac.id/index.php/golrev/article/download/2904/1376	[ { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "156", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 282, "width": 425, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PEMBERHENTIAN TIDAK DENGAN HORMAT APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DALAM KASUS TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 333, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dhani Ihza Erawan [email protected] Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 384, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminuddin Ilmar [email protected] Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 436, "width": 233, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hijrah Adhyanti Mirzana [email protected] Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 501, "width": 50, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 454, "height": 245, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat aparatur sipil negara dalam kasus tindak pidana korupsi. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah) dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan konsep (conseptual approach). Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan original intend Pembentuk UU No. 43/1999, penafsiran Pemerintah, dan penafsiran norma hukum PTDH PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, penegakan sanksi administrasinya tidak harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS, tetapi menjadi diskresi PPK. PPK yang menilai dan mempertimbangkan, apakah akan diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat, pemberhentian dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri, atau tidak diberhentikan dengan atau tanpa penjatuhan hukuman disiplin dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS melakukan hal tersebut dan memperhatikan berat ringannya hukuman pidana yang dijatuhkan. SKB 3 Menteri ini merupakan peraturan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan sebagai pedoman pelaksanaan bagi PPK yang mengatur tentang pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat terhadap PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan berdasarkan putusan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 124, "width": 158, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gorontalo", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 173, "width": 169, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Law Review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 209, "width": 229, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7 - No. 1 – April 2024 E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "157", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Kedua, SKB 3 Menteri itu dapat dikualifikasi sebagai instrumen yuridis yang sah (rechtmatig), kecuali jika diberlakukan mundur (terugwerkend).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat; Aparatur Sipil Negara; Tindak Pidana Korupsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 169, "width": 53, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 182, "width": 454, "height": 246, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to analyze the dishonorable dismissal of state civil servants in corruption cases. This type of research is the type of research used is normative juridical research. The approach used is) in this study, namely the statutory approach (statute approach), case approach (case approach), and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The results of this study are based on the original intent of the former of Law no. 43/1999, the Government's interpretation, and the interpretation of the legal norms of PTDH civil servants who committed criminal acts of office before the entry into force of the ASN Law, the enforcement of administrative sanctions does not have to be dishonorably dismissed as civil servants, but becomes the discretion of the PPK. PPK assesses and considers whether to be dishonorably discharged, honorably discharged not at his own request, or not dismissed with or without imposition of disciplinary punishment by taking into account the factors that encourage civil servants to do this and paying attention to the severity of the criminal sentence imposed. SKB 3 of the Minister is a policy regulation issued as an implementation guideline for PPK which regulates the honorable or dishonorable dismissal of civil servants who commit criminal acts of office crimes or crimes related to their positions based on court decisions that have permanent legal force. Second, the SKB 3 Ministers can be qualified as a legal juridical instrument (rechtmatig), unless it is enforced backwards (terugwerkend).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 428, "width": 447, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Dishonorable Dismissal; State Civil Apparatus; Corruption Crime.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 114, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 467, "width": 455, "height": 220, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 pada Pasal 1 ayat (3) disebutkan bahwa Negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum. Norma ini memberikan arti bahwa di dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, hukum merupakan urat nadi seluruh aspek kehidupan sehingga dengan demikian hukum mempunyai posisi yang sangat strategis dan dominan di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara ( Marwan Effendi, 2005 : 1) . Hukum adalah seperangkat peraturan yang mengandung kesatuan yang kita pahami melalui sebuah sistem ( Hans Kelsen, 2003 : 3) , sedangkan hukum yang berlaku dalam suatu negara hukum haruslah terumus secara demokratis, yaitu yang memang dikehendaki oleh rakyat ( Padmo Wahjono, 2003 : 8) . Permasalahan hukum yang terjadi semakin hari semakin berkembang, hal inilah yang disebut dengan permasalahan hukum kontemporer. Hukum dalam pembangunan semakin berperan sebagai alat atau sarana menyusun tata kehidupan. Hasim Purba mengatakan bahwa pembangunan hukum Indonesia diharapkan dapat memantapkan dan mengamankan pelaksanaan pembangunan, menciptakan kondisi yang membuat anggota masyarakat dapat menikmati iklim kepastian dan ketertiban hukum ( Hasim Purba, 2008 : 171) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 687, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Era reformasi menuntut adanya pemerintahan yang baik dengan aparat yang baik pula. Era reformasi timbul dari adanya gerakan moralis dan sekaligus gerakan politik yang mempunyai konsep politik untuk melakukan perubahan dalam sistem pemerintahan, dengan tujuan memajukan kesejahteraan umum, sesuai dengan tujuan yang tercantum dalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. Gerakan reformasi menuntut adanya pemerintahan yang baik dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "158", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk adanya pemerintahan yang baik harus ada aparat pemerintah yang baik pula, yaitu aparat penyelenggara pemerintah yang bersih dan bebas dari Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme (KKN) ( Bachsan Mustafa, 2016 : 113-114) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 455, "height": 453, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam rangka mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat maka hadirlah pemerintah yang memiliki tugas untuk memberikan pelayanan terbaik kepada masyarakat. Peraturan perundang-undangan merupakan rujukan resmi dari seorang pemimpin pemerintahan dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan (selanjutnya disebut UU AP), bahwa hal tersebut didasarkan kepada peraturan perundang-undangan, asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik dan tidak bersikap diskriminatif atau berdasarkan hak-hak asasi manusia ( Aminuddin Ilmar, 2020 : 3) . Manakala seorang pemimpin pemerintahan telah mengabaikan atau tidak melaksanakan ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan atau tidak mau menjalankan suatu perintah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam peraturan perundang-undangan maka dia telah melakukan pembangkangan hukum ( legal disobedience ) yang sangat berbahaya bagi kelangsungan pemerintahan ( Aminuddin Ilmar, 2020 : 4) . Sebagai upaya memaksimalkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, pemerintah haruslah didukung oleh aparat pemerintahan yang berintegritas dan berkompeten dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya sesuai dengan cita-cita bangsa dan tujuan negara sebagaimana tercantum dalam pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945). Maka dari itu diperlukan Aparatur Sipil Negara yang penuh kesetiaan dan ketaatan kepada Pancasila, UUD 1945, Negara dan Pemerintah, serta yang bermental baik, berwibawa, bersih, berkualitas tinggi dan sadar akan tanggung jawabnya sebagai unsur Abdi Negara dan Abdi Masyarakat yang bekerja untuk kepentingan masyarakat, karenanya dalam pelaksanaan pembinaan Pegawai Negeri bukan saja dilihat sebagai Aparatur Negara, tetapi juga sebagai warga Negara ( Djaenal Hoesen Koesoemahatmadja, 1993 : 159) . Penegasan dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk mencapai tujuan nasional, karenanya negara memerlukan sarana-prasarana yang mendukung, baik berupa sumber daya manusia maupun sarana yang berbentuk benda, karena negara tidak dapat melakukannya sendiri ( Muchsan, 1982 : 12) . Pegawai negeri mempunyai peranan sangat penting karena pegawai negeri merupakan unsur aparatur untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dan pembangunan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan negara. Kelancaran pelaksanaan pemerintahan dan pembangunan itu utamanya tergantung pada kesempurnaan aparatur negara yang pada pokoknya tergantung juga dari kesempurnaan pegawai negeri sebagai bagian dari aparatur negara ( SF. Marbun dan Moh. Mahfud MD, 2000 : 98) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 583, "width": 455, "height": 180, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (selanjutnya disebut UU ASN) Pasal 1 Angka 1 menyebutkan bahwa Aparatur Sipil Negara selanjutnya disingkat ASN adalah Profesi Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja yang bekerja pada instansi pemerintah”. Selanjutnya dalam Angka 2 Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara yang selanjutnya disebut pegawai ASN adalah pegawai negeri sipil dan pegawai pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja yang diangkat oleh pejabat pembina kepegawaian dan diserahi tugas dalam suatu jabatan pemerintah atau diserahi tugas negara lainnya dan digaji berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan. Sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, mengenai pegawai negeri itu diatur dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian (selanjutnya disebut UU PPK) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 Tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian. Dalam UU PPK belum mengenal adanya ASN dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "159", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerja melainkan hanya Pegawai Negeri. Pegawai Negeri adalah setiap warga negara Republik Indonesia yang telah memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan, diangkat oleh pejabat yang berwenang dan diserahi tugas dalam suatu jabatan negeri, atau diserahi tugas negara lainnya, dan digaji berdasarkan peraturan perundang- undangan yang berlaku. Dalam UU PPK ini juga sebelumnya telah mengatur terkait Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil, pengangkatan pegawai negeri, pemindahan pegawai negeri, pemberian hukuman sampai dengan pemberhentian. Tetapi kemudian UU PPK ini dicabut dengan UU ASN dan berlaku sejak tanggal 15 Januari 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 208, "width": 455, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, setiap ASN mempunyai kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku yang harus ditaati dan dilaksanakan. Kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku ASN merupakan pedoman sikap tingkah laku dan perbuatan di dalam dan di luar kedinasan. Salah satu tujuan taat dan patuh terhadap kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku ialah untuk membentuk ASN yang bersih dari segala masalah hukum. Kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku yang dilanggar/tidak dilaksanakan dapat berdampak pada hilangnya status kepegawaian seorang ASN, yang berdampak pula pada hilangnya hak kepegawaiannya. Seperti diketahui, kedudukan ASN sangat penting sebagai unsur aparatur dan sebagai penggerak roda pemerintahan, namun tidak dapat dipungkiri seorang ASN dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dapat melakukan tindakan- tindakan yang bertentangan dengan kode etik dan kewajiban sebagai seorang ASN. Seorang ASN yang melakukan tindakan tersebut dapat dikenai Sanksi Pidana, Sanksi Administratif sampai dengan pemberhentian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 455, "height": 374, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam UU ASN penjatuhan sanksi administratif maupun pemberhentian diatur berdasarkan kriteria dan jenis-jenis pelanggaran yang dilakukan ASN. Pemberhentian sebagai PNS adalah pemberhentian yang mengakibatkan yang bersangkutan tidak lagi berkedudukan sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil. PNS yang diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat akan kehilangan salah satu hak kepegawaiannya yaitu hak atas jaminan pensiun. Pemberhentian PNS yang banyak menjadi sorotan saat ini ialah pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS karena dipidana dengan pidana penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan. Seperti kasus yang menjadi penelitian penulis yakni Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. Kasusnya bermula pada tahun 2013 I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M dijatuhi hukuman pidana penjara oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps Tanggal 6 Mei 2013 dan telah ditindak lanjuti dengan pemberhentian sementara dari jabatan melalui Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor : 887/1956.c/BKD tanggal 19 November 2012 tentang Pemberhentian Sementara dari Jabatan Negeri (Asisten Perekonomian dan Pembangunan Sekretaris Daerah Kabupaten Bangli) Pegawai Negeri Sipil atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto A.P., M.M. Setelah menjalani masa tahanan, I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. kemudian dibebaskan bersyarat sesuai Surat Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia republik Indonesia Nomor M.HH-13.PK.01.05.06 Tahun 2013 tentang Pembebasan Bersyarat. Setelah adanya Keputusan pembebasan bersyarat, I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M kemudian diangkat kembali sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil dengan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli tertanggal 24 Maret 2014 dan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor: 821.2/5885/BKD tentang Pengangkatan Pertama Kali dalam Jabatan Fungsional dan Angka Kredit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "160", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perencana, tanggal 11 Desember 2014. Sehingga I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M ini aktif kembali menjadi PNS pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli dengan Jabatan Fungsional Perencana Ahli Madya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 455, "height": 633, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahun 2018 dikeluarkan Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) 3 Menteri yakni Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Negara Nomor 182/5697/SJ Nomor 15 Tahun 2018 Nomor 153/KEP/2018 Tanggal 13 September 2018 tentang Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil Yang Telah Dijatuhi Hukuman Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Yang Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap Karena Melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan. Dengan adanya SKB 3 Menteri ini kemudian Bupati Bangli menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Nomor 824/757/2018 Tanggal 31 Desember 2018 tentang Pemberhentian Saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan. Atas adanya Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli tentang pemberhentian ini, saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M kemudian melakukan upaya hukum dengan mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Denpasar dengan nomor registrasi perkara Nomor 21/G/2019/PTUN.DPS, tanggal 6 Mei 2020 namun gugatannya ditolak. Kemudian Tahun 2020 saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M melakukan upaya hukum banding ke Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Surabaya dengan nomor register perkara Nomor 138/B/2020/PT.TUN.SBY Tanggal 22 september 2020 yang pada pokoknya menerima permohonan banding dari Pembanding/Penggugat, Menyatakan batal Keputusan Terbanding/Tergugat tentang Pemberhentian I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP.,M.M. sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan yang ada Hubungannya dengan Jabatan Nomor : 842/757/2018 tertanggal 31 Desember 2018, dan Memerintahkan kepada Terbanding / Tergugat untuk mencabut Keputusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara tentang Pemberhentian I wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto AP.,M.M. sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan yang ada Hubungannya dengan Jabatan Nomor 842/757/2018 tertanggal 31 Desember 2018. Kemudian dengan adanya Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Surabaya Nomor 138/B/2020 Tanggal 22 september 2020, terbanding dalam hal ini Bupati Bangli menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 800/706/2020 Tanggal 2 November 2020 tentang Pencabutan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824/757/2018 tentang Pemberhentian Saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP.,M.M sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan yang ada Hubungannya dengan Jabatan yang juga mengaktifkan kembali yang bersangkutan sebagai Pegawai Ngeri Sipil pada Jabatan Semula, yakni Fungsional Perencana Ahli Madya pada Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kabupaten Bangli. Selanjutnya Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bangli bersurat ke Badan Kepegawaian Negara untuk mengaktifkan Kembali Nomor Induk Pegawai (NIP) Atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto.AP.,M.M. Namun Badan Kepegawaian Negara tidak setuju dengan hal ini yang kemudian memerintahkan Bupati Bangli selaku Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian untuk menerbitkan Kembali Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli tentang Pemberhentian Karena Melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto .AP.,M.M. Pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2021, I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto .AP.,M.M kembali menerima Surat Keputusan Bupati Nomor 888/357/2021 tanggal 26 April 2021 tentang Pemberhentian Saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 219, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AP.,M.M sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil, karena melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan yang mana dalam SK Pemberhentian tersebut masih tetap menggunakan dasar hukum yang sama seperti SK Pemberhentian pertama yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan batal atau tidak sah oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Surabaya sesuai Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Nomor 138/B/2020/PT.TUN. SBY tanggal 22 September 2020 yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap. Kasus ini menarik perhatian penulis karena terlihat adanya inkonsistensi tafsiran hukum yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum Bupati Kabupaten Bangli dalam menerbitkan Keputusan Pengaktifan Kembali saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P.,M.M setelah menjalani hukuman pidana penjara dan menerbitkan Surat Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP.,M.M. setelah dikeluarkannya SKB 3 Menteri ini. Melihat juga bahwa rentetan kejadian ini dikarenakan adanya transisi hukum yang dimana pengaktifan kembali saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P.,M.M atas dasar UU PPK sementara Keputusan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat menggunakan aturan UU ASN dan SKB 3 menteri ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 158, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 325, "width": 455, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tipe penelitian hukum yang dilakukan adalah yuridis normatif yang mengacu kepada norma-norma hukum yang terdapat dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan ( Soerdjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji, 2004 : 14) . Menurut Johnny Ibrahim, bahwa penelitian hukum normatif ini adalah untuk menghasilkan ketajaman analisis hukum yang didasarkan pada doktrin dan norma-norma yang telah ditetapkan dalam sistem hukum, baik yang telah tersedia sebagai bahan hukum maupun yang dicari sebagai bahan kajian guna memecahkan problem hukum faktual yang dihadapi masyarakat, maka tidak ada jalan lain berkenalan dengan ilmu hukum normatif sebagai ilmu hukum praktis normologis dan mengandalkan penelitian hukum normatif ( Johnny Ibrahim, 2006 : 73) . Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan ( statute approach ), pendekatan kasus ( case approach ), dan pendekatan konsep ( conseptual approach ). 3. PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Ketentuan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Aparatur Sipil Negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 458, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian Terkait dengan ketentuan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Aparatur Sipil Negara yang berlaku di Indonesia sebelum berlakunya UU ASN itu sesungguhnya telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian guna menata kembali pemberhentian PNS dengan cara mengubah ketentuan dalam Pasal 23 UU No. 8 /1974 sehingga berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 626, "width": 432, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan dengan hormat karena meninggal dunia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 639, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Pegawai Negeri Sipil dapat diberhentikan dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 652, "width": 155, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Atas permintaan sendiri;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 665, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Mencapai batas usia pensiun;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 678, "width": 248, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Perampingan organisasi pemerintah; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 691, "width": 410, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Tidak cakap jasmani atau rohani sehingga tidak dapat menjalankan kewajiban sebagai PNS", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 717, "width": 318, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) PNS dapat diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 730, "width": 409, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Melanggar sumpah/janji PNS dan sumpah/janji Jabatan selain pelanggaran sumpah/janji PNS dan sumpah/janji PNS dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 92, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sumpah/janji jabatan karena tidak setia kepada Pancasila, UUD 1945, Negara dan Pemerintah;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 117, "width": 409, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan yang ancaman hukumannya kurang dari 4 (empat) tahun.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 169, "width": 441, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) Pegawai Negeri Sipil dapat diberhentikan dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri atau tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 195, "width": 405, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Dihukum penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan yang ancaman hukumannya 4 (empat) tahun atau lebih; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 234, "width": 383, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Melakukan pelanggaran disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil tingkat berat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 247, "width": 370, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(5) Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 260, "width": 405, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melanggar sumpah/janji Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Sumpah/janji jabatan karena tidak setia kepada Pancasila, Undang-undang Dasar 1945, Negara dan Pemerintah;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 298, "width": 405, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap ideologi Negara, Pancasila, Undang-undang Dasar 1945 atau terlibat dalam kegiatan yang menentang Negara dan pemerintah; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 337, "width": 405, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 1979 tentang Pemberhentian Pegawai Negeri Sipil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 415, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Pemerintah No. 32/1979 tentang Pemberhentian Pegawai Negeri Sipil ini merupakan Peraturan Pelaksana dari UU No. 8 /1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian yang menegaskan aturan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 466, "width": 48, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 8", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 479, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil dapat diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 505, "width": 436, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melanggar Sumpah/Janji Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Sumpah/Janji Jabatan Negeri atau Peraturan Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 531, "width": 436, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dihukum penjara, berdasarkan keputusan Pengadilan yang sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap, karena dengan sengaja melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan yang diancam dengan pidana penjara setinggi- tingginya 4 (empat) tahun, atau diancam dengan pidana yang lebih berat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 583, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 9", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 595, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil apabila dipidana penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan keputusan Pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap, karena :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 634, "width": 436, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 660, "width": 436, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 104 sampai dengan Pasal 161 Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 686, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 10", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 699, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil apabila ternyata melakukan usaha atau kegiatan yang bertujuan mengubah Pancasila dan atau Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 atau terlibat dalam gerakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang menentang Negara dan atau Pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (selanjutnya disebut UU ASN) mengatur Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN secara tegas pada Pasal 87 ayat 4 UU ASN yang berbunyi : Pasal 87 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 287, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 177, "width": 419, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 203, "width": 418, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan dan/atau pidana umum;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 255, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. menjadi anggota dan/atau pengurus partai politik; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 268, "width": 418, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. dihukum penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan pidana yang dilakukan dengan berencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 319, "width": 437, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 353, "width": 432, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai aturan pelaksana Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahu 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil (selanjutnya disebut PP No. 11/2017) mengatur terkait Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil pada Pasal 250 yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 250", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 104, "top": 431, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat apabila:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 444, "width": 414, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 469, "width": 414, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dipidana dengan pidana penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan Jabatan dan/ atau pidana umum;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 534, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. menjadi anggota dan/atau pengurus partai politik; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 547, "width": 414, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. dipidana dengan pidana penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana dengan hukuman pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan pidana yang dilalukan dengan berencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 599, "width": 437, "height": 155, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b) Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 87/PUU-XIV/2018 Ketentuan terkait Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Aparatur Sipil Negara kembali mengalami perubahan setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 87/PUU-XIV/2018 yang amar putusannya berbunyi: “menyatakan frasa “dan/atau pidana umum” dalam Pasal 87 ayat (4) huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 6, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5494) bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat, sehingga Pasal 87 ayat (4) huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara menjadi berbunyi, “dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "164", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 92, "width": 432, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan”;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 117, "width": 436, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 156, "width": 432, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai aturan pelaksana dari UU ASN, PP Nomor 11/2017 mengalami perubahan dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen pegawai Negeri Sipil yang merupakan aturan terakhir dan juga telah mengatur secara tegas terkait Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 250", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 247, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat apabila:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 260, "width": 401, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 286, "width": 401, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan Jabatan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 337, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. menjadi anggota dan/atau pengurus partai politik; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 350, "width": 401, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. dipidana dengan pidana penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana dengan hukuman pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan pidana yang dilakukan dengan berencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 402, "width": 437, "height": 361, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d) Penafsiran Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil Sebelum Berlakunya UU ASN Dalam Kasus I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M Dalam Kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. terlihat bahwa rentetan kejadian berlangsung dari tahun 2013 yakni saat yang bersangkutan di vonis terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor: 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps, tanggal 6 Mei 2013. Dari rentetan kejadian tersebut ada masa transisi antara berlakunya UU PPK dan UU ASN. Baru kemudian saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Aparatur Sipil Negara setelah terbitnya SKB 3 Menteri tentang Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil Yang Telah Dijatuhi Hukuman Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Yang Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap Karena Melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan. Dari kasus ini kita dapat melihat bahwa ada perbedaan penafsiran hukum Bupati Kabupaten Bangli selaku Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian dalam mengaktifkan kembali saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. sebagai ASN di Kabupaten Bangli dengan menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tanggal 24 Maret 2014 tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli setelah yang bersangkutan menjalani masa pidanya dengan adanya Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan HAM RI Nomor : M.H.H- 13.PK.01.05.06 Tahun 2013 Tanggal 31 Desember 2013 tentang Surat Pembebasan Bersyarat atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. Pertimbangan Bupati Kabupaten Bangli dalam menerbitkan Surat Keputusan yang dimaksud yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok- Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "165", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 92, "width": 432, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 117, "width": 432, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bupati Kabupaten Bangli tidak memberhentikan tidak dengan hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. walaupun secara eksplisit aturan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN diatur di dalam Pasal 23 UU No. 43/1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian. Di dalam menafsirkan aturan ini ada beberapa aturan yang menjadi pertimbangan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 195, "width": 432, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I. Penafsiran Kemenpan (Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara ) Dalam rangka pelaksanaan Inpres No. 4/2004 tentang Percepatan Pemberantasan Korupsi, Pemerintah menerbitkan SE Menpan No. SE/03/M.PAN/4/2007 tentang Perlakuan Terhadap Pejabat yang Terlibat KKN. Dalam angka 1, 2, dan 3 SE tersebut tegas diamanatkan:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 260, "width": 423, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Segera memberikan ijin pemeriksaan terhadap Pejabat atau Pegawai baik sebagai saksi atau sebagai tersangka, jika memang ijin tersebut diperlukan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 298, "width": 423, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Memberhentikan sementara dari jabatannya , terhadap Pejabat yang terlibat perkara korupsi, berstatus sebagai tersangka/terdakwa, dan dilakukan penahanan oleh aparat penegak hukum, sampai dengan adanya keputusan yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap (incracht) dari pengadilan atau resmi dinyatakan dihentikan proses hukumnya oleh aparat penegak hukum;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 376, "width": 423, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Menjatuhkan sanksi administratif sesuai dengan PP No. 30/1980 tentang Disiplin PNS, terhadap Pejabat/Pegawai yang telah mendapatkan vonis bersalah dari pengadilan, atau jika terbukti adanya pelanggaran disiplin PNS, meskipun Pejabat/Pegawai tersebut mendapatkan vonis bebas dari pengadilan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 440, "width": 432, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan SE Menpan di atas, penafsiran hukum Pemerintah (Kemenpan) pada saat itu adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 466, "width": 419, "height": 207, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Terhadap Pejabat/Pegawai yang telah mendapatkan vonis bersalah dari pengadilan, menjatuhkan sanksi administratif sesuai dengan PP No. 30/1980. Dengan demikian, penjatuhan sanksi administratif terhadap PNS pondasinya diletakkan pada diskresi PPK, sesuai dengan karakteristik yuridis sanksi administratif. PPK yang menilai dan mempertimbangkan, apakah akan menjatuhkan hukuman disiplin ringan, sedang, atau berat dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS melakukan hal tersebut dan memperhatikan berat ringannya hukuman pidana yang dijatuhkan. Agak kurang dapat diterima dengan logika, dan saling kontradiksi, jika maksud Pasal 23 ayat (5) UU PPK dimaknai “harus” diberhentikan dengan tidak hormat. Sebab, jika ini yang dimaksudkan, maka dalam SE Menpan poin ketiga seharusnya menyatakan: “ memberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS terhadap Pejabat/Pegawai yang telah mendapatkan vonis bersalah dari pengadilan ”. Sebab, konteks diterbitkannya SE ini adalah tentang Perlakuan Terhadap Pejabat yang Terlibat KKN.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 673, "width": 418, "height": 90, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Perlakuan terhadap PNS yang dijatuhi hukuman pidana karena melakukan tindak pidana korupsi tidak harus dilakukan PTDH PNS, menjadi pemahaman bersama di kalangan Pemerintah. Sebab, SE ini ditujukan kepada seluruh Pimpinan Kementerian/Lembaga/Daerah. Oleh karena itu, dapat dipahami apabila dalam praktik banyak PNS yang telah divonis bersalah oleh pengadilan karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan, tidak dilakukan PTDH sebagai PNS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "166", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 92, "width": 432, "height": 90, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini kemudian menjadi tafsiran dan keyakinan hukum Bupati Kabupaten Bangli dalam memilih tidak mengeluarkan Keputusan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M dan justru mengaktifkan Kembali dengan mengeluarkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli tanggal 24 Maret 2014 setelah yang bersangkutan menjalani hukuman pidananya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 182, "width": 298, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "II. Penafsiran Kemendagri (Kementerian Dalam Negeri)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 195, "width": 432, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tanggal 29 Oktober 2012, Mendagri menerbitkan SE No. 800/4329/SJ Perihal Pengangkatan PNS Kembali Dalam Jabatan Struktural. Dalam angka 3 SE diamanatkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 234, "width": 432, "height": 323, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, sesuai dengan semangat reformasi birokrasi dan pemberantasan korupsi serta tindak kejahatan jabatan lainnya, maka terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang telah menjalani hukuman pidana disebabkan tindak pidana korupsi atau kejahatan jabatan lainnya agar tidak diangkat dalam jabatan struktural. Penafsiran hukum Pemerintah semakin mempertegas bahwa seorang PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan berdasarkan Pasal 23 ayat (5) huruf c UU PPK, tidak harus dilakukan PTDH PNS. Namun, PPK dilarang mengangkat PNS tersebut menjadi Pejabat Struktural. Penafsiran ini konsisten dengan SE Menpan No. SE/03/M.PAN/4/2007 di atas. Sebelum terbitnya SE Mendagri tersebut, Gamawan Fauzi selaku Mendagri berpendapat bahwa PNS yang dinyatakan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi boleh menjadi Pejabat Struktural, karena belum ada aturan yang melarang hal itu. Senada dengan Mendagri, Menpan RB Azwar Abubakar menyatakan, keputusan pengangkatan Azirwan menjadi Kepala Dinas, tidak bisa diubah. Sebab, hal itu sudah menjadi kewenangan kepala daerah dan tidak perlu pertimbangan ke Pusat. Lagi pula, undang-undang tidak mengatur itu. Terbitnya SE Mendagri No. 800/4329/SJ tanggal 29 Oktober 2012, akhirnya dapat diterima oleh kalangan akademisi dan praktisi pada saat itu, sebagai jalan tengah kebijakan sebelumnya yang membolehkan PNS yang pernah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi diangkat menjadi pejabat struktural. hal ini kemudian sejalan dengan Keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh Bupati Kabupaten Bangli Nomor 821.2/5685/BKD tanggal 11 Desember 2014 tentang Pengangkatan Pertama Kali Dalam Jabatan Fungsional dan Angka Kredit Perencana ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 557, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "III. Penafsiran BKN (Badan Kepegawaian Negara)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 570, "width": 432, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak lama berselang setelah terbitnya SE Mendagri, BKN menerbitkan SE No. K.26- 30/V.3262/94 tanggal 20 November 2012 Perihal PNS yang dijatuhi hukuman pidana. Dalam angka 2 SE, ditegaskan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 608, "width": 432, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan, atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan dan telah dijatuhi hukuman berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap, diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 660, "width": 167, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IV. Penafsiran Norma Hukum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 673, "width": 432, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persoalan mendasar yang harus dijawab adalah, apakah PNS yang melakukan pelanggaran sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 23 ayat (5) UU PPK harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, kembali dikutip rumusan Pasal 23 ayat (5):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "167", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 92, "width": 360, "height": 108, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 23 Ayat 5 Penjelasan PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat , karena : a. melanggar Sumpah/Janji PNS dan Sumpah/Janji Jabatan selain pelanggaran sumpah/jani PNS dan Sumpah/Janji PNS karena tidak setia kepada Pancasila, UUD 1945,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 200, "width": 134, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara dan Pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 220, "width": 217, "height": 65, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap pensiun ideologi Negara, Pancasila, UUD 1945 atau terlibat dalam kegiatan yang menentang Negara dan Pemerintah; atau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 219, "width": 427, "height": 178, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat tidak berhak menerima pensiun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 422, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis normatif terhadap rumusan Pasal 23 ayat (5) sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 418, "width": 419, "height": 284, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Dalam Pasal 23 ayat (5) dan Penjelasan, tidak ada frasa harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat. Tidak digunakannya kata harus dapat dipahami. Pertama, pelanggaran atas norma huruf a merupakan pelanggaran norma hukum administrasi. Sebelum menjatuhkan PTDH terhadap PNS yang dinyatakan “melanggar Sumpah/Janji PNS dan Sumpah/Janji Jabatan”, harus dilakukan pemeriksaan yang mendalam. Demikian pula pelanggaran norma huruf b. Kapan suatu PNS dikatakan secara nyata melakukan penyelewengan terhadap ideologi Negara, Pancasila, UUD 1945, dibutuhkan pula pemeriksaan mendalam. Hasil pemeriksaan atas pelanggaran ayat (5) huruf a dan b yang dapat menyimpulkan apakah terhadap PNS tersebut dijatuhi hukuman: (a) PTDH PNS; (b) PDH PNS Tidak Atas Permintaan Sendiri; atau (c) Dijatuhkan hukuman disiplin tingkat ringan, sedang, atau berat sesuai PP No. 30 Tahun 1980 (telah diganti dengan PP No. 53/2010). Ketiga, dengan demikian, tidak boleh norma huruf c ditafsirkan secara parsial sehingga menjadi norma wajib. Sebab, rumusan huruf c “PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau yang ada hubungannya dengan j abatan” termasuk dalam rumpun Pasal 23 ayat (5). Dari sisi teknik pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, jika Pembentuk UU menginginkan norma ayat (5) huruf c menjadi wajib/harus, maka harus dijadikan Pasal tersendiri. Tidak boleh digabung dengan rumusan ayat (5) huruf a dan huruf b", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 702, "width": 418, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Original intend pembentuk UU PPK atas pelanggaran norma Pasal 23 ayat (5) khususnya huruf c bukan norma bersifat wajib/harus, semakin terlihat jelas dengan dihapuskannya penjelasan Pasal 23 ayat (4) huruf a UU No. 8/1974, sebagaimana disajikan pada tabel berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "168", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 92, "width": 447, "height": 190, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 23 Ayat (4) huruf a Undang- Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian Pasal 23 Ayat (5) huruf c Undang- Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok- Pokok Kepegawaian PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena dihukum penjara atau kurungan, berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 165, "width": 218, "height": 117, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena dihukum penjara atau kurungan, berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 290, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 311, "width": 223, "height": 220, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada dasarnya jabatan yang diberikan kepada seorang Pegawai Negeri Sipil adalah merupakan kepercayaan dari Negara yang harus dilaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Apabila seorang Pegawai Negeri Sipil dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan jabatan atau pekerjaannya, maka Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang bersangkutan harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena telah menyalahgunakan kepercayaan yang diberikan kepadanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 382, "top": 290, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 311, "width": 218, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat tidak berhak menerima pensiun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 539, "width": 441, "height": 65, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implikasi hukum dihapuskannya penjelasan Pasal 23 ayat (4) huruf a khususnya frasa harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat, menyebabkan penjelasan tersebut menjadi tidak berlaku . Implikasi selanjutnya, Penjelasan Pasal 9 huruf a PP No. 32/1979 yang mengambil alih rumusan Pasal 23 ayat (4) huruf a menjadi tidak berlaku .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 604, "width": 419, "height": 103, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Bahwa ketentuan Pasal 23 ayat (5) huruf c bukan norma wajib, telah dikukuhkan melalui Putusan MA Nomor No. 01/K/TUN/2012 tanggal 21 September 2012 dalam perkara Sisminardi dkk., melawan Walikota Surabaya. Walau Sisminardi dkk. terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan berdasarkan putusan PBHT, namun MA membatalkan Keputusan PTDH PNS oleh Walikota Surabaya. Putusan MA ini kemudian menjadi yursisprudensi tetap . MA mempertimbangkan tiga hal sebelum mengambail putusan, yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 707, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Para Penggugat sudah mengabdikan dirinya cukup lama sebagai PNS;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 733, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b) Para Penggugat hanya merupakan korban sistem yang buruk dalam birokrasi Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya, dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "169", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 92, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Para Penggugat dijatuhi pidana penjara yang cukup ringan selama 10 bulan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 117, "width": 441, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan yurisprudensi tetap Mahkamah Agung, PNS yang dinyatakan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan, tidak harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 156, "width": 419, "height": 78, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Keyakinan hukum PPK bahwa original intend Pembentuk UU memang memberikan diskresi untuk mengenakan sanksi terhadap PNS, terbukti dari tidak seluruh PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan dilakukan PTDH. Berdasarkan data yang dipublikasi BKN, dari 2.357 PNS yang tidak dilakukan PTDH, tersebar di instansi Pusat dan Daerah, termasuk di lingkungan Mahkamah Agung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 455, "height": 297, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Telah dikemukakan bahwa Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. yang telah selesai menjalani hukuman penjara karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, bertolak dari penafsiran dan keyakinan hukum pada saat itu bahwa diberhentikan dengan hormat , atau diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri , atau tidak diberhentikan dengan dan atau tanpa dikenakan hukuman disiplin, sangat tergantung pada faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS yang bersangkutan melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan itu. serta berat ringannya putusan pengadilan yang dijatuhkan. Dalam kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M, yang bersangkutan pada waktu itu menjabat selaku PJ. Camat Kintamani, yang ditugaskan berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor : 821.2/235/Kepeg tanggal 19 Januari 2006. Dimana Kepala Seksi Pemerintahan Kecamatan Kintmanai bernama Priat Eko Purwo terlibat kasus tindak pidana korupsi proyek prona (program nasional) persertifikatan tanah dan telah dijatuhi hukuman 1 (satu) tahun penjara, dan oleh karena I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M adalah selaku atasannya dianggap ikut serta terlibat dalam kasus prona tersebut sehingga ikut diadili dan telah dijatuhi hukuman oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor : 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps, tanggal 6 Mei 2013, dalam amar putusan tidak ada kerugian negara dan denda . Berdasarkan keyakinan hukum tersebut, Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS yang telah selesai menjalani hukuman karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan adalah sah secara hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 455, "height": 90, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Teori Lingkungan keberlakuan hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Hans Kelsen, terdapat empat macam lingkungan keberlakuan hukum yang kemudian dengan teori ini kita dapat melihat keberlakuan hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sesuai dengan rentetan peristiwa pada kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 621, "width": 313, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Waktu ( Sphere of Time )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 634, "width": 437, "height": 129, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap aturan hukum hanya berlaku untuk suatu masa tertentu saja, dengan kata lain tidak ada aturan yang abadi. Salah satu keterbatasan hukum mengenai keberlakuan hukum adalah soal waktu. Suatu peraturan perundang- undangan terdapat waktu masa berlakunya, undang-undang tersebut tidak berlaku sebelum undang-undang dibuat, ataupun setelah undang-undang dicabut atau digantikan. Dalam mengaktifkan kembali ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. yang telah selesai menjalani hukuman penjara karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, PPK kemudian tidak memberhentikan tidak dengan hormat ASN yang bersangkutan karena tafsiran hukum pemerintah dan keyakinan hukum pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "170", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 92, "width": 437, "height": 491, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "saat itu.. Dengan melihat keberlakuan hukum menurut waktu, Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian ini dicabut dengan Undang-Undang Aparatur Sipil Negara sejak aturan ini diundangkan pada tanggal 15 Januari 2014. Jadi sebelum tanggal 15 Januari 2014, Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian masih berlaku dan memiliki kekuatan hukum dan setelah tanggal 15 Januari 2014 Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian tidak berlaku dan tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum. Dengan melihat peristiwa yang terjadi pada ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. yang telah dijatuhi hukuman pidana oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor: 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps, tanggal 6 Mei 2013, maka sudah tepat PPK dengan tafsiran hukum dan keyakinan hukum pada saat itu memilih untuk tidak melakukan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat terhadap ASN yang dimaksud. Tetapi dengan melihat Keputusan pengaktifan Kembali ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M dengan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli tanggal 24 Maret 2014, kemudian di tahun yang sama Bupati Kabupaten Bangli juga mengeluarkan Keputusan Bupati Kabupaten Bangli Nomor 821.2/5685/BKD tanggal 11 Desember 2014 tentang Pengangkatan Pertama Kali Dalam Jabatan Fungsional dan Angka Kredit Perencana ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. masih menggunakan tafsiran hukum dan keyakinan hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian dan Surat Edaran No. 800/4329/SJ Perihal Pengangkatan PNS Kembali Dalam Jabatan Struktural. Padahal jika disesuaikan dengan keberlakuan hukum menurut waktu, Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sudah dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku. Hal ini dikarenakan faktor adanya transisi hukum antara keberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian dan UU ASN. Kemudian, aturan terkait pengaktifan kembali ASN belum sepenuhnya diatur di UU ASN dan baru kemudian diatur secara eksplisit pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS. Hal Ini diperkuat di dalam Pasal 139 UU ASN yang menyatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 583, "width": 437, "height": 129, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "” Pada saat Undang-Undang ini mulai berlaku, semua peraturan perundang-undangan yang merupakan peraturan pelaksanaan dari Undang- Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1974 Nomor 55, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik lndonesia Nomor 3041) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang- Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian (Lembaran Negara Republik lndonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 169, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik lndonesia Nomor 3890) dinyatakan masih tetap berlaku sepanjang tidak bertentangan dan belum diganti berdasarkan Undang Undang ini ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 712, "width": 323, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Ruang ( Sphere of Space )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 725, "width": 436, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberlakuan hukum menurut ruang identik dengan tempat atau wilayah keberlakuan hukum itu sendiri. Berlakunya hukum dibatasi dalam wilayah tertentu saja dan tidak berlaku di tempat lain. Sama halnya dengan Undang-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "171", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 92, "width": 437, "height": 51, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014, kedua aturan ini sama-sama berlaku secara nasional yang dimana hanya berlaku di negara Indonesia saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 143, "width": 318, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Orang ( Personal Sphere )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 156, "width": 437, "height": 207, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberlakuan hukum dibatasi kepada orang-orang tertenu saja. Tidak semua aturan hukum berlaku bagi siapa saja. Aturan perundang-undangan juga mempunyai perbedaan mengenai kepada siapa peraturan tersebut ditujukan. Secara spesifik membatasi keberlakuan hukum berdasarkan subjek hukumnya. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok- Pokok Kepegawaian di dalamnya mengatur subjek hukum Pegawai Negeri yang terdiri atas Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan anggota Angkatan Bersenajata Republik Indonesia. Kemudian Pegawai Negeri Sipil dibedakan menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Pusat, Pegawai Negeri Sipil Daerah, dan Pegawai Negeri Sipil lain yang ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah. Sedangkan untuk Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara, subjek hukumnya adalah Aparatur Sipil Negara yang terdiri dari Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja, Kementerian dan Lembaga Pemerintah nonkementerian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 363, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Soal/Isi ( Material Sphere )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 376, "width": 437, "height": 155, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberlakuan hukum menurut soal berkaitan dengan terhadap hal-hal apa atau materinya keberlakuan itu diterapkan, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang- Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian itu berisi tentang kedudukan, kewajiban, hak, dan pembinaan Pegawai Negeri yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan sistim karier dan sistim prestasi kerja. Sedangkan untuk Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara berisi tentang manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara berdasarkan pada perbandingan antara kompetensi dan kualifikasi yang diperlukan oleh jabatan dengan kompetensi dan kualifikasi yang dimiliki dan menerapkan prinsip merit dalam pelaksanaan manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Kedudukan Hukum SKB 3 Menteri Dalam Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 557, "width": 455, "height": 142, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di suatu negara hukum ( rechstaat ), pada dasarnya setiap tindakan atau keterlibatan pemerintah dalam kehidupan warga negara harus berdasarkan pada asas legalitas ( legaliteitsbeginsel ). Asas legalitas mengandung maksud bahwa penyelenggaraan pemerintahan harus berdasarkan pada peraturan perundang- undangan yang berlaku atau didasarkan pada kewenangan yang bersumber pada undang-undang. Tindakan pemerintahan yang berdasarkan asas legalitas ini oleh karenanya berkonsekuensi pada tindakan tersebut sah ( wetmatigheid van bestuur ). Setiap tindakan kekuasaan pemerintah, menurut Sir William Wade, yaitu setiap tindakan yang memengaruhi hak, kewajiban atau kebebasan setiap orang, harus ditunjukkan dasar hukumnya secara tegas ( Sir William Wade dan Christhoper Forsyth, 2000 : 20) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 699, "width": 455, "height": 64, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hanya saja, apabila mendasarkan setiap tindakan pemerintahan pada peraturan perundang-undangan juga bukan tanpa masalah. Hal ini karena, menurut Bagir Manan, adanya cacat bawaan ( natural defect ) dan cacat buatan ( artificial defect ) dari peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai suatu bentuk hukum tertulis. Sebagai ketentuan tertulis ( written rule ) atau hukum tertulis ( written law )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "172", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 258, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peraturan perundang-undangan mempunyai jangkauan yang terbatas – sekadar moment opname dari unsur-unsur politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya, pertahanan dan keamanan yang paling berpengaruh pada saat pembentukan, karena itu mudah sekali aus ( out of date ) bila dibandingkan dengan perubahan masyarakat yang semakin cepat atau dipercepat ( Bagir Manan dan Kuntana Magnar, 1987 : 16) . Peraturan perundang-undangan yang akan dijadikan dasar tindakan pemerintah dalam kondisi tertentu dapat saja belum tersedia atau memang tidak ada ( leemten in het recht ). Di sisi lain, dimungkinkan telah ada peraturan perundang- undangan yang dapat dijadikan dasar bagi pemerintah untuk melakukan tindakan- tindakan hukum (rechtshandelingen) tetapi memuat norma yang samar ( vage norm ) atau norma terbuka ( open texture ), dan dimungkinkan pula normanya mengandung pilihan ( choice ). Norma kabur ( vage norm ) adalah norma yang pengertiannya tidak dapat ditetapkan secara persis, sehingga lingkupnya tidak jelas, sedangkan norma terbuka ( open texture ) adalah norma yang pengertian-pengertiannya memuat ciri- ciri yang dalam perjalanan waktu mengalami perubahan ( J.J.H. Bruggink, 1996 : 61 dan 68) . Dengan kata lain, norma terbuka merupakan norma yang terbuka substansi atau isinya dan harus ditentukan lebih lanjut dalam pelbagai keadaan atau norma yang isinya tidak dapat ditentukan secara abstrak tetapi sangat bergantung pada keadaan kasus di mana norma tersebut diterapkan ( Dyah Octarina Susanti dan A’an Efendi, 2019 : 147) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 454, "height": 104, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suatu keadaan di atas memicu pemberian diskresi kepada pemerintah. Diskresi atau Ermessen yaitu kebebasan untuk mengambil kebijakan ( beleidsvrijheid ), menjelaskan norma undang-undang yang samar ( uitleg van wettelijke voorschriften ), menentukan fakta-fakta ( vaststelling van feiten ), melakukan interpretasi ( interpretatievrijheid ), mengambil pilihan, dan mempertimbangkan ( beoordelings-vrijheid ) berbagai kepentingan terkait dalam penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan atau pelayanan publik ( F.C.M.A. Michiels, 2004 : 139-140) . Florence Heffron dan Neil McFeeley mengatakan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 454, "width": 454, "height": 90, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Discretion, then, is the leeway an administrator has, because of the imprecise nature of authorizing statutes or ragulation, to make individual decisions on interpretation, application, and/or enforcement of the law. Discretion is not only necessity, but is beneficial in a society that believe in the concept of “individualized justice”. Without discretion laws could not deal equitably with the unique facts and circumstances presented by specific case: It could not treat unequals unequally” ( Florence Heffron dan Neil McFeeley, 1983 : 44).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 544, "width": 455, "height": 103, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Dengan demikian, diskresi merupakan peluang bagi pemerintah, karena kesamaran alami undang-undang atau peraturan yang memberikan wewenang, untuk membuat keputusan secara individual berdasarkan interpretasi, implementasi, dan/atau penegakan hukum. Diskresi bukan hanya perlu, tetapi juga bermanfaat dalam suatu masyarakat yang mempercayai konsep “keadilan orang perorang atau merata”. Tanpa diskresi hukum tidak dapat diterapkan secara wajar terhadap fakta-fakta yang spesifik dan kondisi yang ditampilkan kasus tertentu: fakta yang tidak sama tidak dapat diperlakukan secara sama).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 455, "height": 117, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adanya norma terbuka dan norma samar itu sebenarnya sesuai dengan dinamikan kemasyarakat dan fungsi pemerintahan. Norma samar akan memberikan keleluasaan pengemban kewenangan untuk menyesuaikan berlakunya norma hukum positif dalam masyarakat, akan bersifat fleksibel dalam situasi dan kondisi dimana norma hukum positif tersebut berlaku ( Abintoro Prakoso, 2010 : 254) . Berdasarkan Pasal 22 ayat (2) UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan (UUAP), diskresi itu ditujukan untuk; a) melancarkan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan; b) mengisi kekosongan hukum; c) memberikan kepastian hukum; dan d) mengatasi stagnasi pemerintahan dalam keadaan tertentu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "173", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 77, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "guna kemanfaatan dan kepentingan umum. Diskresi diperlukan dalam hukum administrasi dalam rangka menyelesaikan persoalan yang peraturan perundang- undangan belum mengaturnya atau mengatur secara umum, sehingga administrasi negara mempunyai kebebasan untuk menyelesaikan atas inisiatif sendiri. Diskresi merupakan kebebasan dalam mengambil keputusan atau tindakan dalam situasi khusus ( in a particular situation ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 455, "height": 181, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketika diskresi itu dituangkan alam bentuk tertulis ( naar buiten gebracht schricftelijk beleid ), maka diskresi itu menjadi peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ). Peraturan kebijakan adalah peraturan umum yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi pemerintahan berkenaan dengan pelaksanaan wewenang pemerintahan terhadap warga negara atau terhadap instansi pemerintahan lainnya dan pembuatan peraturan tersebut tidak memiliki dasar yang tegas dalam UUD dan undang-undang formal baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Artinya peraturan kebijakan tidak didasarkan pada kewenangan pembuatan undang-undang – oleh karena itu tidak termasuk peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengikat umum – tetapi dilekatkan pada wewenang pemerintahan dari suatu organ administrasi dan terkait dengan pelaksanaan kewenangannya. Atas dasar pengertian ini, SKB itu pada dasarnya adalah peraturan kebijakan, yaitu peraturan yang dibuat atas dasar diskresi atau Ermessen . SKB itu bukan dan tidak dapat dikualifikasi sebagai peraturan perundang-undangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 455, "height": 284, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H.D. van Wijk/Willem Konijnenbelt menyebutkan bahwa peraturan kebijakan itu secara esensial berkenaan dengan; pertama, organ pemerintahan dalam hal ini semata-mata menggunakan wewenang untuk menjalankan tindakan-tindakan pemerintahan; kedua, wewenang pemerintahan itu tidak terikat secara tegas; ketiga, memuat ketentuan umum dan digunakan untuk melaksanakan wewenang. Peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ) adalah sarana hukum ( juridische instrumentarium ) tata usaha negara yang bertujuan mendinamisir keberlakuan peraturan perundang-undangan ( algemene verbindende voorschrift ) ( Laica Marzuki, 1996 : 6) . Berdasarkan keterangan di atas, tampak bahwa mekanisme dan prosedur pembuatan dan penerbitan keputusan penjatuhan sanksi atau hukuman terhadap PNS yang melanggar Peraturan Disiplin itu telah diatur dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu Pasal 23 sampai dengan Pasal 31 PP No. 53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin PNS. Sedangkan penerbitan keputusan penjatuhan sanksi terhadap PNS karena melakukan tindak pidana itu berpedoman pada SKB, yang bukan peraturan perundang-undangan (regeling) tetapi peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ). Perlu ditegaskan bahwa sebagai peraturan kebijakan, SKB 3 Menteri itu sendiri bukan dan tidak dapat dijadikan dasar hukum penerapan hukuman . Dasar hukum untuk pengenaan hukuman bagi PNS itu ada pada peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu UU No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang ASN dan PP No. 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS. Adapun SKB 3 Menteri ini hanyalah pedoman penjatuhan sanksi terhadap PNS karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 455, "height": 129, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Isi SKB 3 Menteri ini hanya berkenaan dengan tata cara penjatuhan sanksi bagi PNS yang telah dijatuhi hukuman berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap. Selain itu juga terdapat pedoman pemberian sanksi bagi Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian yang tidak melaksanakan penjatuhan sanksi bagi PNS, peningkatan sistem informasi kepegawaian, optimalisasi pengawasan dan peningkatan peran Aparat Pengawas Internal Pemerintah, dan monitoring pelaksanaan Keputusan Bersama secara terpadu. SKB 3 Menteri sebagai suatu peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ), seperti halnya peraturan perundang- undangan ( regeling ), mulai berlaku sejak tanggal penetapan. Sesuai dengan tanggal yang tertera di bagian akhir SKB tersebut, SKB Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "174", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi, dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Negara mulai berlaku pada 13 September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 117, "width": 455, "height": 182, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehubungan dengan SKB 3 Menteri ini diterbitkan dengan tujuan yang spesifik sebagai pedoman bagi pejabat yang berwenang memberikan hukuman atau Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian untuk mengeluarkan keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana, maka pemberlakuannya harus pula dikaitkan dengan ketentuan Pasal 252 PP No. 11 Tahun 2017. Pasal 252 PP No. 11 Tahun 2017 menentukan bahwa, “Pemberhentian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 250 huruf b dan huruf d dan Pasal 251 ditetapkan terhitung mulai akhir bulan sejak putusan pengadilan atas perkaranya yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap”. Artinya semua putusan ( vonnis ) yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap ( in kracht van gewijsde ) yang dikeluarkan sejak 13 September 2018 dan seterusnya akan dijadikan dasar dikeluarkannya keputusan ( beschikking ) untuk pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 455, "height": 233, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan sebelum 13 September 2018, tidak dapat berpedoman pada SKB tersebut. Dengan kata lain, SKB tersebut beserta turunannya apakah Surat Edaran ( circulair ), petunjuk pelaksanaan (Juklak), Petunjuk Teknis (Juknis), keputusan, ataupun lainnya, tidak dapat diberlakukan mundur ( terugwerkend ) . Pemberlakuan mundur SKB 3 Menteri tersebut akan menimbulkan beberapa masalah hukum; pertama, bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum ( rechtszekerheid ) yang merupakan salah satu asas dalam AUPB. Berdasarkan UU PTUN dan UUAP, telah jelas bahwa parameter keabsahan tindakan pemerintahan itu adalah peraturan perundang-undangan dan Asas-asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB). Artinya suatu tindakan pemerintahan itu akan dikualifikasi tidak sah ( onrechtmatig ) jika bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan/atau AUPB; kedua, dengan pemberlakuan mundur itu berarti ada keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan sebelum 13 September 2018 seperti kasus ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P., M.M.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 455, "height": 155, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keputusan yang diberlakukan surut ( terugwerkend ) atau pencantuman tanggal mundur ( backdated ), tidak dapat diterapkan terhadap keputusan yang bersifat konstitutif ( beschikking rechtsscheppend ). Keputusan konstitutif dimaksud yakni keputusan yang menimbulkan atau meniadakan hak dan kewajiban yang ada dan berlaku bagi penerima keputusan. Pencantuman tanggal mundur atau pemberlakuan surut, hanya dapat dilakukan terhadap keputusan yang sifatnya deklaratoir ( beschikking rechtsvastellend ). Keputusan deklaratoir yaitu keputusan- keputusan yang tidak menimbulkan atau meniadakan hak dan kewajiban yang ada dan berlaku bagi penerima keputusan. Keputusan konstitutif yang diberlakukan mundur atau dibuat tanggal mundur akan menyebabkan keputusan itu mengandung cacat hukum ( rechtsgebreken ), yang menyebabkan keputusan tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum ( rechtskracht ) untuk diberlakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 455, "height": 77, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 57 UUAP disebutkan bahwa “Keputusan berlaku pada tanggal ditetapkan, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam Keputusan atau ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan yang menjadi dasar Keputusan” dan dalam Pasal 58 ayat (6) UU ini ditentukan bahwa “Ke putusan tidak dapat berlaku surut, kecuali untuk menghindari kerugian yang lebih besar dan/atau terabaikannya hak Warga Masyarakat”; ketiga, pencantuman tanggal mundur atau pemberlakuan surut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "175", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 181, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan, sama artinya dengan berpedoman atau mendasarkan pada pedoman ( rechtslijn ) yang tidak atau belum ada. Hal ini tergolong sebagai “ aperte onredelijkheid ” yaitu nyata -nyata tidak masuk akal atau irrationality dalam penerbitan keputusan. Berdasarkan doktrin Hukum Administrasi, keputusan yang dibuat dengan “ aperte onredelijkheid ” atau “ irrationality ” itu dikualifikasi mengandung unsur sewenang-wenang ( willekeur ) dan harus dianggap tidak sah ( onrechtmatig ) karena melanggar asas larangan bertindak sewenang- wenang (( verbod van willekeur beginsel ) dalam AUPB) ( Indroharto, 1990 : 143) . Pemberlakuan surut SKB 3 yang merupakan pelaksanaan dari UU ASN dan PP Manajemen PNS terhadap peristiwa hukum yang diatur dalam UU No. 43/1999 selain bertentangan dengan Pasal 28I ayat (1) UUD 1945, juga bertentangan dengan AUPB, yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 273, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Bertentangan dengan Asas Kepastian Hukum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 455, "height": 477, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Asas Kepastian Hukum adalah salah satu asas sentral dari AUPB yang wajib dipedomani oleh Pejabat Pemerintahan sebelum mengambil Keputusan. Asas kepastian hukum adalah asas dalam negara hukum yang mengutamakan landasan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, kepatutan, keajegan, dan keadilan dalam setiap kebijakan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Dalam doktrin hukum administrasi, asas ini mengandung dua arti, yaitu asas kepastian hukum dalam arti materiil dan dalam arti formil. Dalam arti materiil, asas ini menghendaki adanya kepastian hukum dalam arti: Pertama, dihormatinya hak yang telah diperoleh seseorang berdasarkan suatu Keputusan Pejabat, dan Keputusan itu tidak akan dicabut kembali meskipun keputusan itu mengandung kekurangan. Dalam kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P., M.M, hak yang telah dia dapatkan adalah diaktifkan kembali sebagai PNS oleh PPK. Kedua, suatu Keputusan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh Pejabat tidak boleh diberlakukan surut terhadap suatu atau keadaan objek tertentu, utamanya terhadap hal-hal yang bersifat membebankan dan merugikan pihak penerima keputusan ( S.F. Marbun, 1997 : 399-401) . Dalam arti formil, asas ini menghendaki Keputusan TUN harus berlandaskan peraturan perundang-undangan yang jelas, kuat dan tidak melanggar hukum. Artinya, bahwa ketentuan dalam Keputusan TUN harus disusun dengan kata-kata yang jelas atau tidak multitafsir/ kabur ( Cekli Setya Pratiwi, dkk. 2016 : 115) . Asas kepastian hukum dalam hukum administrasi ini berkaitan erat dengan asas legalitas dalam hukum pidana. Merujuk pada Pasal 1 ayat (2) KUHP, “ jika sesudah perbuatan dilakukan ada perubahan dalam perundang- undangan, dipakai aturan yang paling meringankan bagi terdakwa ” . Menurut van Geuns, termasuk lingkup “perubahan perundang - undangan” dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) KUHP adalah perubahan keyakinan hukum pada pembuat undang-undang ( Eddy O.S. Hiariej, 2016 : 85) . Sebagaimana telah dikemukakan, keyakinan hukum PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS yang selesai menjalani hukuman tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan telah sesuai dengan penafsiran norma hukum dalam UU No. 43/1999, yang memberikan ruang diskresi kepada PPK. Keyakinan hukum tersebut didukung pula oleh kebijakan Pemerintah yang secara tegas mengakomodir hal tersebut (lihat SE Menpan, SE Mendagri, dan Yurispruden MA di atas) yang tidak pernah dipersoalkan selama ini oleh Pemerintah maupun aparat penegak hukum. Dengan demikian Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat terhadap PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya SKB 3 Menteri yang juga merupakan aturan pelaksana dari UU ASN, yang telah diaktifkan kembali oleh PPK sebelum berlakunya UU ASN itu bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "176", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 594, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Bertentangan dengan Asas Kepercayaan dan Pengharapan Asas Kepercayaan dan Harapan sebagai salah satu AUPB melarang Pejabat (terutama Pemerintah) memberlakukan surut terhadap suatu atau keadaan objek tertentu, utamanya terhadap hal-hal yang bersifat membebankan dan merugikan pihak penerima keputusan. Keputusan PPK pada masa lalu yang mengaktifkan PNS dibuat dengan keyakinan hukum pada masa itu, telah menimbulkan kepercayaan dan pengharapan dari PNS yang diaktifkan kembali. Suatu kepercayaan dan pengharapan yang terlanjur diberikan kepada PNS hendaknya tidak dicabut kembali, meskipun ternyata terdapat kekhilafan atau kekeliruan di dalamnya (( S.F. Marbun, 1997 : 410-411) . Jika asas kepastian hukum dan asas kepercayaan dan pengharapan tidak dipegang teguh, maka Pemerintah sesungguhnya telah berubah menjadi pemerintahan yang otoriter. Tidak ada prestasi atau prestise yang dapat dibanggakan dengan melakukan PTDH PNS. Meminjam istilah Eddy O.S. Hiariej, janganlah UU Tipikor digunakan sebagai lex talionis atau hukum balas dendam, karena sudah tidak lagi sesuai dengan paradigma hukum pidana modern sebagaimana dalam konvensi PBB mengenai antikorupsi yang secara implisit menganut keadilan korektif, rehabilitatif dan restoratif ( Eddy O.S. Hiariej, 2016 : 35) . Penggunaan UU Tipikor sebagai lex talionis , dilakukan dengan membuat stigma seolah-olah PNS yang telah diaktifkan kembali oleh PPK tersebut telah merugikan keuangan negara secara nyata, atau tidak bekerja tetapi dibayar negara. Padahal, mereka sesungguhnya telah bekerja dengan baik sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya karena telah diaktifkan kembali sebagai PNS. Dalam perspektif inilah, asas kemanfaatan yang diusung Romli melalui Hukum Pidana berbasis Pancasila (asas tiada pidana tanpa kesalahan, dan tiada kesalahan tanpa kemanfaatan), patut dipertimbangkan. Hukum pidana berbasis Pancasila adalah hukum yang dapat menciptakan kehidupan yang damai, jauh dari konflik ( Romli Atmasasmita, 2017 : 213- 216) . 3) Bertentangan dengan Asas Persamaan Asas persamaan menghendaki dalam menghadapi kasus dan fakta yang sama, Pejabat harus mengambil tindakan (Keputusan) yang sama. Jika Keputusan/Tindakan pengaktifan kembali PNS dianggap bertentangan dengan Pasal 23 ayat (5) UU No. 43/1999 maka sanksi administratif berupa PTDH PNS bukan hanya diberikan kepada PNS, melainkan dikenakan pula kepada: Pertama, PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS. Dari perspektif UUAP, PPK melakukan pelanggaran atas ketentuan Pasal 8 ayat (2) UUAP, yaitu tidak menggunakan wewenang berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan AUPB, yang dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif ringan. Kedua, Atasan Pejabat PPK, yang tidak mencabut atau membatalkan Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS. Sebab, menurut Pasal 64 ayat (1) dan Pasal 66 ayat (1) UUAP, Atasan Pejabat memiliki wewenang mencabut atau membatalkan Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS jika dianggapnya keputusan tersebut terdapat cacat wewenang, cacat prosedur, dan/atau cacat susbstansi. Pembiaran hal tersebut dapat dikategorikan melanggar Pasal 8 ayat (2) UUAP, yang dikenakan sanksi administratif ringan. Ketiga, sanksi administratif terhadap Menpan yang menerbitkan SE Nomor SE/03/M.PAN/ 4/2007 dan Mendagri yang menerbitkan SE Nomor 800/4329/SJ.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 455, "height": 77, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan diskresi dan peraturan kebijakan intinya tidak boleh digunakan sewenang-wenang dan menyalahgunakan wewenang, harus masuk akal, dan memerhatikan asas persamaan, asas kepastian hukum, asas kecermatan, dan lain- lain. Di samping itu, sebagai suatu kewenangan, c.q. vrij bevoegdheid , berlaku asas “ geen bevoegdheid zonder verantwoordelijkheid dan geen verantwoordelijkheid zonder verantwoording ” (tidak ada kewenangan tanpa pertanggungjawaban dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "177", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tidak ada pertanggungjawaban tanpa kewajiban), yang dapat dituntut melalui proses upaya administratif dan peradilan administrasi. Dengan bersandar pada asas ini, pejabat pemerintahan tidak dapat mengelak dari tanggung jawab ketika kewenangan yang digunakannya itu menimbulkan kerugian bagi warga negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 143, "width": 455, "height": 156, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku sekarang ini dan adanya perluasan objek sengketa melalui UUAP, terlepas dari beberapa problem hukum di dalamnya dan prosedur upaya administratif yang belum ideal, SKB 3 Menteri dan instrumen hukum sejenisnya dapat diuji. Pengujian SKB 3 Menteri dan instrumen hukum sejenisnya dapat dilakukan melalui Peradilan Administrasi atas dasar Pasal 87 UUAP dan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No. 2 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Penyelesaian Sengketa Tindakan Pemerintahan dan Kewenangan Mengadili Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum oleh Badan dan/atau Pejabat Pemerintahan ( onrechtmatige overheidsdaad ). Dasar pengujian ( toetsingsgrond ) untuk menguji dan menilai keputusan dan/atau tindakan pemerintahan tidak mengalami perubahan atau penambahan yakni tetap menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan dan AUPB, meskipun ada perluasan objek sengketa di Peradilan Administrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 455, "height": 168, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SKB 3 Menteri pada dasarnya tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan AUPB karena; pertama, dibuat dan dikeluarkan oleh pejabat yang memiliki kewenangan di bidang ASN yaitu Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi, dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Negara; kedua, isi SKB 3 Menteri ini hanyalah pedoman ( rechtslijn ) penjatuhan sanksi terhadap PNS karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan atas dasar putusan pengadilan yang sudah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap ( in kracht van gewijsde ). SKB 3 Menteri ini tidak memuat sanksi pidana; ketiga, dalam SKB 3 Menteri ini tidak ditemukan adanya pelanggaran terhadap AUPB. Meskipun demikian, SKB 3 Menteri ini akan dikualifikasi tidak sesuai dengan asas hukum, bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, dan AUPB, jika diberlakukan mundur ( terugwerkend ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 466, "width": 73, "height": 15, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. PENUTUP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 480, "width": 455, "height": 243, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan original intend Pembentuk UU No. 43/1999, penafsiran Pemerintah, dan penafsiran norma hukum PTDH PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, penegakan sanksi administrasinya tidak harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS, tetapi menjadi diskresi PPK. PPK yang menilai dan mempertimbangkan, apakah akan diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat, pemberhentian dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri, atau tidak diberhentikan dengan atau tanpa penjatuhan hukuman disiplin dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS melakukan hal tersebut dan memperhatikan berat ringannya hukuman pidana yang dijatuhkan. SKB 3 Menteri ini merupakan peraturan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan sebagai pedoman pelaksanaan bagi PPK yang mengatur tentang pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat terhadap PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Kedua, SKB 3 Menteri itu dapat dikualifikasi sebagai instrumen yuridis yang sah ( rechtmatig ), kecuali jika diberlakukan mundur ( terugwerkend ). SKB 3 Menteri sebagai peraturan kebijakan dapat dilakukan pengujian melalui Peradilan Administrasi berdasarkan Pasal 87 UUAP, terlepas dari beberapa problem hukum di dalamnya dan prosedur upaya administratif yang belum ideal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "178", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 133, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abintoro Prakoso, “ Vage Normen sebagai Sumber Hukum Diskresi yang Belum Diterapkan oleh Polisi Penyidik Anak ”, Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Nomor 2 Vol. 17 April 2010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 145, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminuddin Ilmar, Memaknai Kepemerintahan Yang Baik , Phinatama Media, Makassar, 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 170, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bachsan Mustafa, Sistem Hukum Indonesia Terpadu , PT. Citra Aditya Bhakti, 2016. Bagir Manan dan Kuntana Magnar, Peranan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dalam Pembinaan Hukum Nasional , Armico, Bandung, 1987.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 209, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cekli Setya Pratiwi, dkk. Penjelasan Hukum Asas-Asas Hukum Pemerintahan Yang Baik , Judicial Sector Support Program, Jakarta, 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Djaenal Hoesen Koesoemahatmadja, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Tata Usaha Negara 2 , PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1993.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dyah Octarina Susanti dan A’an Efendi, “ Memahami Teks Undang-Undang dengan Metode Interpretasi Eksegetikal ”, Jurnal Kertha Patrika, Vol. 41, No. 2 Agustus 2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 300, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Eddy O.S. Hiariej, Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana , Edisi Revisi, Cahaya Atma Pustaka, Cet ke 5, 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 326, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F.C.M.A. Michiels (red.), Staats-en Bestuursrecht Tekst en Materiaal , Tweede Druk, Kluwer, Deventer, 2004. Florence Heffron dan Neil McFeeley, The Administrative Regulatory Process , Longman, New York, 1983.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 377, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hans Kelsen, Teori Umum Tentang Hukum dan Negara , Nusamedia, Bandung, 2016. Hasim Purba, Sinkronisasi dan Harmonisasi Sistem Hukum Nasional Bidang Pertambangan, Kehutanan, Pertanahan dan, Lingkungan Hidup , Jurnal Hukum Equality, Vol.13.2008, Medan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indroharto, Asas-asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik , tulisan pada Buku Paulus Effendie Lotulung (Eds), Himpunan Makalah Asas-asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik , Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1994, hlm. 166. Lihat pula D.J. Galligan, Discretionary Power, Oxford Press University, New York, 1990.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J.J.H. Bruggink, Renfleksi tentang Hukum , Alih Bahasa B. Arief Sidarta, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1996. Johnny Ibrahim, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Bayu Media, Publishing, Surabaya, Cet.Ke II, 2006.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 532, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan Ahli Eddy O.S. Hiariej dalam Putusan MK Nomor 25/PUU/XIV/2016 tanggal 8 September 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 558, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laica Marzuki, “ Peraturan Kebijaksanaan (Beleidsregel) Hakikat serta Fungsinya Selaku Sarana Hukum Pemerintahan ”, Makalah pada Penataran Nasional Hukum Acara dan Hukum Administrasi Negara, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanudin, Ujung Pandang, 26-31 Agustus 1996.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 610, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Marwan Effendi, Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Posisi dan Fungsinya Dari Perspektif Hukum , Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta, 2005.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 636, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muchsan, Hukum Kepegawaian , Bina Aksara, Jakarta, 1982. Padmo Wahjono, Indonesia Negara Berdasarkan atas Hukum , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 2003.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 674, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Romli Atmasasmita, Rekonstruksi Asas Tiada Pidana Tanpa Kesalahan , Gramedia, Jakarta, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 700, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S.F. Marbun, Peradilan Administrasi Negara dan Upaya Administratif di Indonesia , FH UII Press, Cet. III, Yogyakarta 1997.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 726, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SF. Marbun dan Moh. Mahfud MD, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Administrasi Negara , Liberty, Yogyakarta, 2000.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "179", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sir William Wade dan Christhoper Forsyth, Administrative Law , Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Soerdjono Soekanto, dan Sri Mamudji, Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2004.", "type": "Text" } ]
07323b82-0062-f3fe-4c70-c35c92f4a88b	https://jurnal.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/JBT/article/download/16717/11928	[ { "left": 141, "top": 88, "width": 341, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Argument-Driven Inquiry Terhadap Keterampilan Argumentasi Siswa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 154, "top": 132, "width": 315, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ninda Ningtyas , Neni Hasnunidah, Darlen Sikumbang Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung e-mail: [email protected], Telp. 082282081836", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 194, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: August 10 th , 2018 Accepted:September 12 th , 2018 Online published:September 19 th ,2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 222, "width": 397, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: The Effect of Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) Model on Different Academic Ability of Students 'Argumentation Skills: This study aims to determine the significance of the influence of the use of Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) learning models, students' academic abilities, and the interaction between learning models and academic abilities towards student argumentation skills. The study population was all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung. The research sample was students of class VIII.4 and VIII.5 who were selected from the population using cluster random sampling technique. The instrument used is a test of argumentation skills in the material of the digestive system in humans. Data were analyzed statistically by Ankova test and the Smallest Significant Difference test (BNT). The results showed that the ADI learning model had a significant effect on argumentation skills with a significance value of 0,000. While academic ability and interaction between the ADI model and academic ability did not have a significant effect on argumentation skills (0,314 and 0,572)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 442, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: argument-driven inquiry, argumentation skills, academic ability", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 397, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak: Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) terhadap Keterampilan Argumentasi Siswa Berkemampuan Akademik Berbeda: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui signifikansi pengaruh dari penggunaan model pembelajaran Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI), kemampuan akademik siswa, dan interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan akademik terhadap keterampilan argumentasi siswa. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII.4 dan VIII.5 yang dipilih dari populasi dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes keterampilan argumentasi pada materi sistem pencernaan pada manusia. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Ankova dan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran ADI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Sedangkan kemampuan akademik dan interaksi antara model ADI dengan kemampuan akademik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi (0,314; dan 0,572).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 691, "width": 397, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: argument-driven inquiry, keterampilan argumentasi, kemampuan akademik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 181, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada saat ini bangsa Indonesia sudah memasuki abad 21, masalah-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 143, "width": 181, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masalah sosial ilmiah terus berkembang dalam lingkungan masyarakat melalui media cetak dan media lainnya. Masalah – masalah seperti ini menuntut siswa membuat keputusan pribadi dan memberikan argumentasinya agar tidak terjebak dalam isu – isu negatif yang menyebar dimasyarakat. Berdasarkan alasan –", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 267, "width": 181, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "alasan tersebut, pembelajaran di sekolah perlu membekali dan melatih siswa dengan berargumentasi. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Bell & Linn (dalam Bricker & Bell, 2008: 474) yang menyatakan bahwa dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 350, "width": 181, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran sains perlu dimasukkan keterampilan argumentasi, karena dapat digunakan untuk membantu siswa terlibat dalam kontruksi gagasan ilmiah serta belajar tentang bagaimana cara kerja ilmiah. Pentingnya pengembangan argumentasi dalam pembelajaran juga diungkapkan oleh Osborne", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 474, "width": 181, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2004: 996) yang menyatakan penggunaan argumen adalah penting untuk mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami serta mempraktekkan cara berdebat secara ilmiah dan valid agar dapat menguak inti pengetahuan sains. Dalam pendidikan sains, siswa harus memiliki kesempatan untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan yang mengharuskan mereka menggunakan bahasa dan penalaran sains dengan sesama siswa dan guru agar mengetahui cara membangun dan mengevaluasi argumen ilmiah (Osborne, 2004: 48). Pengembangkan kemampuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 181, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "argumentasi pada siswamemerlukan sebuah model pembelajaran yang bisa memfasilitasinya. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan guru untuk melatih keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 115, "width": 181, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "argumentasi siswa adalah dengan menerapkan model inkuiri. Menurut Hamalik (2003: 220) pembelajaran inkuiri merupakan suatu model pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa, kelompok-kelompok siswa dihadapkan pada suatu persoalan yang menuntut siswa untuk mencari jawaban atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan. Pembelajaran yang menerapkan model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat membantu siswa untuk mengintegrasikan konsep-konsep yang telah mereka ketahui sebelumnya dengan peristiwa-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 322, "width": 181, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "peristiwa yang mereka amati di laboratorium sehingaa siswa terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan penyampaian argumentasi ilmiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 377, "width": 181, "height": 384, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis angket terhadap 18 guru IPA SMP se-Kota Bandar Lampung menunjukkan bahwa guru telah menerapkan model inkuiri dalam pembelajaran IPA. Terbukti dari hasil analisis angket, didapatkan data bahwa 82% guru telah menerapkan model inkuiri dalam kegiatan pembelajaran IPA. Namun, dalam pelaksanaanya penggunaan inkuiri belum memberdayakan keterampilan argumentasi siswa. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Sampson & Gleim (dalam Demircioglu & Ucar, 2015: 268) bahwa beberapa guru IPA memiliki masalah dalam mengintegrasikan argumentasi dan menggunakan penyelidikan ilmiah di kelas mereka, serta melibatkan siswa ikut dalam penelitian ilmiah untuk membantu mereka memahami perkembangan konsep penting dalam sains. Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) adalah salah satu model pembelajaran yang merupakan pengembangan dari inkuiri dan terbukti dapat mengembangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterampilan argumentasi. Menurut Sampson, dkk (2010: 219) model pembelajaran ADI merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang didesain untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami penjelasan ilmiah, belajar cara menghasilkan bukti ilmiah, merefleksikan pengetahuan ilmiah kepada siswa untuk mengembangkan metode mereka sendiri dalam memperoleh data,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 181, "height": 522, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melakukan investigasi, menggunakan data untuk menjawab pertanyaan penyelidikan, menulis, dan berpikir lebih reflektif. Model pembelajaran ADI memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk terlibat dalam argumentasi ilmiah dan peer-review. Model pembelajaran ADI merupakan model yang efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi akademik dan keterampilan sains siswa yang dapat disesuaikan untuk kelas laboratorium (Demircioglu & Ucar, 2015: 267). Model pembelajaran ADI dikembangkan oleh Sampson & Gleim (2009: 465) sebagai model pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa dengan cara melakukan penyelidikan di laboratorium sehingga siswa dapat berkontribusi melalui argumentasi ilmiah, membaca, dan menulis. Seorang guru juga harus memperhatikan perbedaan tingkat kemampuan akademik siswa di kelas, karena tingkat keberhasilan belajar seseorang dapat dipengaruhi dari kemampuan akademiknya. Kemampuan akademik dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga kategori, yakni kemampuan akademik atas, sedang, dan bawah (Nasution dalam Muhlisin, 2016: 495). Menurut Nurmaliah (2009: 18-21) kemampuan akademik mem- pengaruhi tingkat berpikir dan siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 245, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempunyai tingkat penalaran lebih baik dibanding dengan yang berkemampuan akademik rendah. Adanya pengaruh kemampuan akademik terhadap keberhasilan belajar memberi informasi bahwadalam proses belajar mengajar juga perlu memperhatikan kemampuan akademik yang berbeda (Muhlisin, 2016: 495). Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah diuraikan, peneliti menganggap model pembelajaran ADI dapat membekali siswa agar memiliki keterampilan argumentasi ilmiah. Hal inilah yang memotivasi peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Pengaruh Model", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 336, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) Pada Pembelajaran Sistem Pencernaan Pada Manusia Terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 377, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterampilan Argumentasi Siswa SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung Berkemampuan Akademik Berbeda”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 447, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 474, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2018 di SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung. Populasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 515, "width": 181, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 berjumlah 314 orang yang terdiri dari 142 perempuan dan 172 laki-laki. Seluruh populasi terbagi dalam 10 kelas. Sampel dicuplik dari populasi dengan teknik cluster random sampling (sampling klaster).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 653, "width": 181, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelompok sampel sebanyak dua kelas, kelas VIII.4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII.5 sebagai kelas kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 709, "width": 181, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian yaitu Pretest Postest Non Equivalent Control Group. Unit perlakuan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan adalah faktorial 2x2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 101, "width": 181, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor pertama adalah model pembelajaran, yaitu ADI dan konvensional. Faktor kedua adalah kemampuan akademik yaitu kemampuan akademik atas dan bawah. Sebagai variabel terikat adalah keterampilan argumentasi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 198, "width": 180, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Struktur desainnya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 181, "height": 110, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Rancangan Penelitian Faktorial 2x2 Kemampuan Akademik Model Pembelajaran ADI (M 1 ) Konven- sional (M 2 ) Atas (K 1 ) K 1 M 1 K 1 M 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 181, "height": 233, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bawah (K 2 ) K 2 M 1 K 2 M 2 Prosedur penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga tahap antara lain tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap akhir. Tahap persiapan meliputi studi pendahuluan melalui kegiatan survei di SMP se-Bandar Lampung. Kegiatan survai yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menyebar angket kepada guru dan siswa, mengobservasi pembelajaran IPA di kelas dan kelengkapan sarana laboratorium, studi literatur, studi kurikulum, menyusun RPP, membuat instrumen penelitian (soal tes keterampilan argumentasi), uji", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 587, "width": 181, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "validitas dan realibilitas soal, dan menganalisis hasil uji coba soal. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu memberikan tes awal (pretes) di kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kemudian memberikan perlakuan dengan menerapkan model ADI di kelas eksperimen dan menerapkan model inkuiri di kelas kontrol. Setelah memberikan perlakuan dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 739, "width": 181, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menerapkan model ADI dan inkuiri, maka dilaksanakanlah postes.Pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahap akhir kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah mengolah data pretes dan postes serta menganalisis hasil olah data yang telah dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 143, "width": 181, "height": 245, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes keterampilan argumentasi. Tes keterampilan argumentasi berbentuk esai dikembangkan mengacu kepada the competiting theories strategy oleh Osborne, dkk (2004). Nilai validitas pada keempat soal adalah 0,651, 0,556, 0,506, dan 0,532 dengan kriteria sedang sehingga seluruh soal dinyatakan valid dan nilai reliabilitas 0,626 sehingga soal dinyatakan reliabel. Rubrik skor keterampilan argumentasi diadaptasi dari Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP) berdasarkan kerangka kerja Osborne., dkk (2004) yang disajikan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 405, "width": 174, "height": 359, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. KerangkaAnalisis Keterampilan Argumentasi Ilmiah Level Kriteria 1 Argumentasi mengandung satu klaim melawan klaim lainnya. 2 Argumentasi memiliki argumen dari suatu klaim melawan klaim lain dengan data, warrant, backing, tapi tidak mengandung sanggahan. 3 Argumentasi memiliki argumen dengan sebuah rangkaian claim atau counterclaim, data, warrant, backing dan sanggahan yang lemah. 4 Argumentasi menunjukkan argumen dengan sanggahan yang jelas dan mengandung beberapa claim . 5 Argumentasi menyajikan argumen yang diperluas dengan lebih dari satu sanggahan yang jelas.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik penskoran nilai pretes dan postes sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 398, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S = R X 100 N Keterangan : S = nilai yang diharapkan (dicari); R = jumlah skor dariitem atau soal yang dijawab benar; N = jumlah skor maksimum dari tes tersebut (Purwanto, 2008: 112). Data nilai keterampilan argumentasi diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji Ankova atau analisis kovarian pada taraf nyata 5%. Uji lanjut dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada taraf nyata 5%. Uji normalitas data dilakukan dengan One-Sample Kolmogrof Smirnov Test dan uji homogenitas data dengan Levene’s Test of Equality of Error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 226, "width": 181, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variances. Data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS 17 for window.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 281, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 524, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Grafik nilai Pretes, Postes, dan Persentase Peningkatan Keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 538, "width": 231, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Model yang Berbeda", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 566, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keterampilan argumentasi sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran antara siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah seperti ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1. Berdasarkan Gambar 1. dapat dinyatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan nilai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 181, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterampilan argumentasi baik pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas maupun bawah antara skor pretes dan postes. Pada pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 566, "width": 181, "height": 190, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan model pembelajaran ADI peningkatan skor pretes dan postes pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah masing-masing sebesar 53,08 dan 51,25, sedangkan pembelajaran dengan model konvensional peningkatan skor pretes dan postes pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah masing-masing adalah sebesar 8,43 dan 5,26. Pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran ADI, kemampuan akademik, dan interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 313, "width": 328, "height": 148, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34,54 35,45 38 36 73,63 72,72 41,5 38 53,08 51,25 8,43 5,26 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Atas Bawah Atas Bawah", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 176, "top": 479, "width": 262, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ADI Konvensional Pretes Postes Peningkatan Linear (Pretes)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 391, "height": 277, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Uji Normalitas dengan One-Sample Kolmogorof Smirnov Test dan Uji Homogenitas dengan Levene’s Test Model Pembelajaran Kemampuan Akademik Uji Normalitas One-Sample Kolmogorof Smirnov Test Uji Homogenitas (Levene's Test) Mean Awal (Pretes) Sig Mean Akhir (Postes) Sig Sig (Pretes) Sig (Postes) ADI Atas 35,45 0,32 73,63 0,66 0,084 0,098 Bawah 35,45 0,26 72,72 0,44 Konvensional Atas 38,00 0,11 41,50 0,89 Bawah 36,00 0,38 38,00 0,11 kemampuan akademik dalam penelitian diuji dengan Ankova. Sebelum uji pengaruh dengan menggunakan Ankova, dilakukan uji asumsi yaitu uji normalitas dan homogenitas varian. Hasil uji normalitas sebaran data disajikan pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 368, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji normalitas data pretes maupun postes siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah pada model ADI maupun konvensional menunjukkan nilai signifikansi lebih dari 0,05 (sig>0,05), berarti data berdistribusi normal. Uji homogenitas data pretes dan postes memiliki nilai signifikansi masing- masing sebesar 0,084 dan 0,098,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 257, "width": 181, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berarti semua varians data adalah homogen Hasil uji Ankova pada taraf nyata 5% pada Tabel 4. menunjukkan bahwa bahwa model pembelajaran ADI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 sehingga lebih kecil dari 0,05 (sig<0,05). Sedangkan kemampuan akademik dan interaksi antara model", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 409, "width": 180, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ADI dengan kemampuan akademik tidak berpengaruh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 423, "width": 181, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi masing- masing 0,314; dan 0,572 sehingga lebih besar dari 0,05 (sig>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 526, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Ankova", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 119, "top": 540, "width": 370, "height": 173, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source Type III Sum of Square Df Mean Square F Sig Corrected Model 11795,48 a 4 2948,87 69,73 0,00 Intercept 1957,19 1 1957,19 46,28 0,00 Pretes 11574,39 1 11574,39 273,70 0,00 Model 20,59 1 20,59 0,48 0,49 Kemampuan Akademik 44,02 1 44,02 1,04 0,31 Kemampuan AkademikModel 13,74 1 13,74 0,32 0,57 Error 1564,33 37 42,28 Total 151075,00 42 Corrected total 13360,11 41", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 362, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Perbandingan Rerata Nilai Keterampilan Argumentasi pada Kedua Model Pembelajaran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 375, "height": 522, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Pembelajaran Rerata Nilai Notasi Awal Akhir Selisih ADI 35,45 73,18 37,73 a Konvensional 37,00 39,75 2,75 b Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil uji BNT pada Tabel 5. diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan pencapaian keterampilan argumen-tasi antara pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model ADI dan model konvensional. Hasil uji BNT menunjukkan bahwa selisih rerata nilai keterampilan argumentasi pada model ADI dan model konvensional masing-masing sebesar 37,73 dan 2,75. Dengan demikian, pencapaian keterampilan argumentasi pada siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model ADI lebih besar dibandingkan siswa yang belajar dengan model konvensional. Hasil ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Marhamah (2017: 52) yang menyatakan bahwa level kemampuan berargumentasi siswa sebelum diberi perlakuan model ADI beradapada level 1, sedangkan setelah diberi perlakuan model ADI level kemampuan berargumentasi siswa dapat mencapai level 3. Hal tersebut karena model pembelajaran ADI dapat memfasilitasi siswa untuk melatih kemampuan berargumentasi dan kualitas argumentasi siswadalam seluruh sintaksnya terutama pada tahap penyusunan argumen tentatif dan diskusi interaktif argumentasi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 182, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti yang dinyatakan oleh Sampson, dkk (2009: 42-45) yang menyatakan bahwa pada sesi penyusunan argumen tentatif ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "didesain agar siswa meninjau secara kritis suatu produk (klaim atau argumen), proses (metode), dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 184, "width": 181, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "konteks (landasan teori) dari suatu inquiry, sehingga pada sesi ini diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam mempelajari bagaimana aspek sosial dalam argumentasi ilmiah dengan bukti, teori atau hukum ilmiah. Pada sesi diskusi interaktif argumentasi dimana siswa dari masing-masing kelompok dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 309, "width": 181, "height": 411, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berbagi argumen dan memberi sanggahan terhadap argumen kelompok lain serta mengkritik pekerjaan orang lain untuk menentukan claim yang paling valid atau bisa diterima. Model pembelajaran ADI dirancang untuk mencapai tujuan dari penyelidikan ilmiah sebagai upaya untuk mengembangkan sebuah argumen yang mendukung penjelasan dari suatu pertanyaan penelitian (Sampson & Gleim, 2009: 465). Hasil uji BNT perbedaan rerata keterampilan argumentasi antara siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah yang menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,314 sehingga melebihi 0,05 yang artinya bahwa kemampuan akademik atas dan bawah tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perbedaan pencapaian keterampilan argumen- tasi siswa. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan temuan penelitian Karmana (2011: 382) yang menunjukkan bahwa interaksi strategi pem- belajaran dan kemampuan akademik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 645, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemecahan masalah. Menurut Prayitno (2010: 376) siswa akademik bawah dapat sejajar prestasi akademiknya dengan siswa akademik atas. Prestasi belajar tidak semata-mata ditentukan oleh ke- mampuan akademik siswa. Prestasi belajar lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh alokasi waktu yang diberikan kepada siswa untuk belajar. Siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah dapat sejajar prestasi belajarnya dengan siswa berkemampuan akademik atas apabila mereka diberikan waktu belajar yang mencukupi. Pembelajaran yang melatih belajar kelompok berpotensi menyediakan waktu belajar yang cukup bagi siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah. Ketercukupan waktu belajar tersebut dapat memfasilitasi kegiatan tutorial siswa berkemampuan akademik atas kepada akademik bawah. Ketercukupan waktu belajar ber- potensi mampu mensejajarkan prestasi belajar siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah dan atas. Hasil uji BNT interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan akademik terhadap keterampilan argumentasi siswa dapat diketahui bahwa keterkaitan kemampuan akademik dengan model pembelajaran ADI tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,572 sehingga melebihi 0,05. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Nurrahman (2018: 10) yang membuktikan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran ADI dengan kemampuan akademik terhadap keterampilan argumentasi siswa pada materi zat aditif dan adiktif.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 358, "top": 88, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 521, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "argumentasi pada siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi dan siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah memberikan hasil pencapaian belajar yang sama dengan model pembelajaran ADI pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pem- belajaran ADI sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi siswa baik pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas maupun bawah. Menurut Waraouw (2009: 7) interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan akademik bisa memperkecil jarak perolehan hasil belajar siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan siswa berkemampuan bawah. Lebih lanjut Wulaningsih (2012: 49) me- nyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran yang melatih pembelajaran ber- kelompok dapat meningkatkan pretasi belajar siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi, begitu pula pada siswa berkemampuan akdemik rendah. Sementara Sampson, dkk (2012: 1) mengemukakan bahwa model pembelajaran ADI dirancang untuk membuat kegiatan laboratorium lebih edukatif bagi siswa karena siswa diberi kesempatan untuk berdiskusi dan kemudian memikirkan apa yang mereka ketahui dan apa yang telah mereka pelajari selama di laboratorium. Karakteristik model pem-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 612, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "belajaran ADI memungkinkan siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi dan akademik rendah untuk berikteraksi menemukan, mengevaluasi, dan menggunakan sumber daya yang disediakan untuk dapat bekerjasama di dalam suatu kelompok dengan melibatkan kemampuan komunikasi baik secara lisan dan tertulis. Model pembelajaran ADI sangat bermanfaat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagi siswa yang heterogen, dengan menonjolkan interaksi dalam kelompok. Sehingga model pembelajaran ADI efektif untuk diterapkan di kelas pada siswa dengan kemampuan akademik berbeda.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 208, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 236, "width": 181, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pencapaian keterampilan argumen- tasi antara siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 318, "width": 181, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ADI dan model konvensional. Pencapaian keterampilan argumen- tasi pada siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model ADI lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang belajar dengan model konvensional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 401, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran ADI dalam meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi siswa tidak dipengaruhi kemampuan akademik dan peningkatan keterampilan argumentasi siswa kemampuan akademik tinggi tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan siswa kemampuan akademik bawah.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 567, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 594, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bricker, L. A., & Bell, P. 2008. Terjemahan Conceptualiza- tions of Argumentation from", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 88, "width": 355, "height": 628, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Science Studies and The Learning Sciences and Their Implications for the Practices of Science Education. Bekasi: Kencana Pranada Group. Demircioglu, T., & Ucar, S. 2015. Investigating the Effect of Argument Driven Inquiry in Laboratory Instruction. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 15(1): 267-283.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 198, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hamalik, O. 2003. Proses Belajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 365, "top": 212, "width": 145, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengajar. Jakarta: PT. 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Jurnal Pe- ngajaran MIPA. 9(2): 46-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 502, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 529, "width": 180, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhlisin, A. 2016. Improving Critical Thinking Skills of College Students Through RMS Model for Learning Basic Concepts in Science. Asia Pasific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching. 17 (1): 1-20. Nurmaliah, C. 2009. 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138143c0-dc37-44f2-b7f4-12d1f4c229b3	https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/prof/article/download/3411/2739	[ { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 \| 487", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 107, "top": 87, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Di Kelurahan Rabadompu Barat Kecamatan Raba Kota Bima", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 130, "width": 185, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Iptidayah 1) ; Taufik Irfadat 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 143, "width": 245, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1, 2) Ilm u Administrasi Negara , Universitas Mbojo Bima Email: 2) [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 523, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 470, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan suatu aktifitas untuk memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku orang lain agar mereka mau diarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu serta merupakan proses atau rangkaian kegiatan yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lain, meskipun tidak mengikuti rangkaian sistematis rangkai itu bêrisi kegiatan menggerakan membimbing, mengarahkan, dan mengawasi orang lain dalam berbuat sesuatu baik secara perseorangan ataupun bersama-sama. Seluruh kegiatan itu dapat disebut sebagai usaha mempengaruhi perasaan, pikiran, dan tingkah laku orang lain ke arah pencapaian tujuan. Oleh karena itu, kepemimpinan juga merupakan proses interaksi antar seseorang (pemimpin) dengan sekelompok orang lain yang menyebabkan orang seorang atau kelompok berbuat sesuatu yang dikehendaki pemimpin, dalam mempengaruhi bawahannya agar mereka mau melaksanakan sesuatu sesuai keinginan pemimpinnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 658, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mendukung keberhasilan kegiatan penggerakan yang dilakukan oleh pemimpin perlu diciptakan suatu iklim organisasi yang sehat karena dapat mendorong pegawai dan masyarakat atau siapa saja yang terlibat dalam proses kerja sama untuk mencapai suatu taraf produktivitas dan kepuasan kerja yang tinggi. Pemimpin yang tidak memperhatikan aspek tersebut tidak akan memotivasi bawahannya untuk memperoleh suatu tingkatan perkembangan yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 715, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor motivasi dalam rangka penggerakan bawahan sangat dipengaruhi oleh corak iklim organisasi. Secara gamblang corak iklim organisasi bisa terwujud menjadi dua sifat esensial yakni bersifat mengekang bagi individu dan yang dapat memberikan rangsangan atau dorongan bagi individu dalam menggapai tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi. Dari sudut manajemen tingkat produktivitas itu dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 183, "width": 74, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE HISTORY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 194, "width": 117, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received [115 November 2022] Revised [30 November 2022] Accepted [19 Desember 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 183, "width": 41, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 214, "top": 192, "width": 318, "height": 154, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan suatu aktifitas untuk memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku orang lain agar mereka mau diarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu serta merupakan proses atau rangkaian kegiatan yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lain, meskipun tidak mengikuti rangkaian sistematis rangkai itu bêrisi kegiatan menggerakan membimbing, mengarahkan, dan mengawasi orang lain dalam berbuat sesuatu baik secara perseorangan ataupun bersama-sama. Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuatnitatif, metode ini dipilih karena memang Berdasarkan pada objek penelitian yang dimaksud, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kepemimpinan kelurahan dalam menstimulasi masyarakat dan mengembangkan kelurahan, adapun jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah saampel 30 responden dan jumlah populasi adalah seluruh masyarakat Kelurahan Rabadompu Barat Kota Bima adapn hasil penelitian adalah Surplus produksi pertanian sebagai kelebihan dari kebutuhan keluarga petani di jual untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang bukan primer. kesehatan masyarakat dengan memberdayakan individu, keluarga dan masyarakat agar menumbuhkan perilaku hidup sehat sebagai seorang motivator di kelurahan merupakan sesuatu hal yang penting dimana, peran atau sumbangsih tenaga dan pikiran dari seorang pemimpin untuk memberikan sebuah motivasi bagi masyarakatnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 357, "width": 48, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 366, "width": 323, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Leadership is an activity to influence the behavior of other people so that they want to be directed to achieve certain goals and is a process or series of activities that are interconnected with one another, even though they do not follow a systematic sequence, the series contains activities to move, guide, direct, and supervise other people in doing something either individually or together. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive, this method was chosen because it is based on the research object in question, the purpose of this study is to determine the role of village leadership in stimulating the community and developing the village, while the number of respondents in this study is a sample of 30 respondents and the total population is the entire community of West Rabadompu Village, Bima City, while the results of the study are surplus agricultural production as excess of the needs of farming families that are sold to meet non-primary needs. public health by empowering individuals, families and communities to foster healthy living behavior as a motivator in the village is something important where, the role or contribution of the energy and mind of a leader to provide a motivation for the community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 261, "width": 50, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KEYWORDS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 270, "width": 119, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan, motivasi, dan pembangunan .", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 395, "width": 115, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC –BY-SA license", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "488 \| Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikembangkan oleh pimpinan dengan jalan mengurangi atau menghilangkan ketegangan-ketegangan atau sebaliknya dengan cara memperkuat faktor-faktor yang dapat memberikan dorongan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 471, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemimpin sendiri harus pandai memberikan panutan kepada bawahan dan masyarakatnya bahwa ia juga sebenarnya merupakan personil yang memerlukan kerjasama dan bantuan dari orang lain. Oleh sebab itu, pemimpin mengusahakan suatu tempat kerja yang menyenangkan, sehat dan penuh kemudahan bagi para personil untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang ditentukan dengan lancar, amam, dan bergairah. Menanamkan dan memupuk perasaan bersatu dilkalangan masyarakat dan aparaturnya, sehingga akan timbul rasa kebersamaan dan jiwa gotong royong dalam membangun kelurahan dan lingkungannya. Semangat ini dapat ditimbulkan melalui usaha-usaha: memberikan penghargaan terhadap bawahan sesuai dengan prestasi yang dicapai, dapat pula dilakukan dengan menunjukkan sikap terbuka, obyektif dan tidak menganak emas kan pihak-pihak tertentu. Sewaktu-waktu bisa pula diciptakan melalui aktifitas-aktifitas sosial seperti melakukan kerja bakti untuk membersihkan lingkungan dan fasilitas-fasilitas umum seperti tempat ibadah dan saluran-saluran air.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 222, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Guna mengubah suatu karakter pegawai dan masyarakat yang pasif menuju kepegawai dan masyarakat yang aktif, kreatif, dinamis, dan partisipatif diperlukan peranan seorang pemimpin yang dalam tulisan ini yakni kepala kelurahan dengan menerapkan fungsi kepemimpinan dengan menggunakan gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat sebagai inovator dan motivator dalam melaksanakan pembangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan pembangunan pada hakikatnya adalah untuk membawa kesejahteraan bagi seluruh rakyat, sehingga tidak ada lagi perbedaan-perbedaan yang terlalu mencolok dalam setiap sisi kehidupan. Tapi sampai saat ini apa yang menjadi tujuan dan cita-cita pembangunan tersebut masih banyak yang belum bisa dicapai. Ini disebabkan keadaan geografis negara indonesia yang terdiri dari beberapa pulau keadaan ini sangat menyulitkan untuk dilakukannya pemerataan pembangunan disegala bidang. Disamping itu juga adanya perbedaan sumber daya baik itu dari segi sumber daya manusia maupun sumber daya alam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam era pembangunan dewasa ini, pembangunan dapat diartikan sebagai usaha sadar dalam merubah tatanan masyarakat indonesia kearah yang lebih baik, baik dibidang ekonomi, sosial budaya, pendidikan , agama dan lain-lain. Pembangunan juga mengandung pembaharuan dan perubahan sosial budaya. Pembangunan daerah dan pembangunan sektoral selalu dilaksanakan dengan selaras, sehingga pembangunan di daerah benar-benar sesuai dengan potensi dan prioritas kebutuhan daerah. Dalam rangka itu semua perlu diperhatikan dan makin ditingkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan aparat atau pengurus lembaga masyarakat yang mendapatkan kepercayaan untuk melakukan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemeliharaan dan pengembangan hasil-hasil pembangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 453, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembangunan masyarakat menelaah usaha pembaharuan sebagai tahapan-tahapan proses pertumbuhan, sebagai tahap rekonstruksi struktur atau refungsionalisasi fungsi sistem sosial. Perwujudan tahapan tersebut berupa hasil pembangunan seperti jalan kelurahan, jembatan bertambahnya anak masuk sekolah, pendapatan penduduk meningkat, listrik tersebar lebih luas, industri kecil dan sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 510, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Besarnya fungsi dan kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh lurah yang telah diatur dalam undang- undang dan diperjelas lagi dengan peraturan daerah, maka sangatlah diharapkan seorang kepala kelurahan atau pemimpin ditingkatan kelurahan ini seorang yang mempunyai wawasan dan pengetahuan yang lebih baik untuk keberlanjutan pembangunan agar tercipta masyarakat yang sejahtera, tanpa jiwa kepemimpinan yang baik dari seorang pemimpin ditingkat kelurahan segala program-program pembangunan sebaik atau sebagus apapun yang datang dari pemerintah pusat maupun daerah tidak akan bisa berjalan sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 602, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 630, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan merupakan hubungan yang ada dalam diri orang atau pemimpin, untuk mempengaruhi orang lain dalam bekerja sama secara sadar dalam hubungan tugas untuk mencapai yang diinginkan pemimpin. Inu Kencana (2003: 1) mengemukakan sebagai berikut : “kepemimpinan mengandung pengertian kemampuan dan kepribadian seseorang dalam mempengaruhi serta membujuk pihak lain agar dapat melakukan tindakan pencapaian tujuan bersama, sehingga dengan demikian yang bersangkutan menjadi awal struktur dan pusat proses kelompok“.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 699, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ordway Tead (1929) dalam Inu Kencana (2003 : 2) mengungkapkan sebagai berikut: “Kepemimpinan sebagai perpaduan perangai yang memungkinkan seseorang mampu mendorong pihak lain menyelesaikan tugasnya“. Sedangkan P. Sigors (1935) mengemukakan bahwa : “Kepemimpinan adalah suatu proses saling mendorong melalui keberhasilan interaksi dari perbedaan individu, mengontrol daya manusia dalam meng ejar tujuan bersama”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 \| 489", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 474, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kartini Kartono (1986 : 61) mengemukakan sebagai berikut : “Fungsi kepemimpinan adalah: memandu, menuntun membimbing, membangun, memberi atau membangunkan motivasi-motivasi kerja, mengemudikan organisasi, menjalin jaringan-jaringan komunikasi yang baik, member supervise/pengawasan yang efisien, dan membawa para pengikutnya kepada sasaran yang ingin dituju sesuai dengan ketentuan waktu dan perencanaan”. Sementara Sondang P.Siagian (1999 : 47-48) mengemukakan yaitu : “Pemimpin selaku penentu arah yang akan ditempuh dalam usaha pencapaian tujuan, pimpinan selaku integrator yang efektif, rasional, obyektif dan netral“.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 153, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moeljarto (1995.XI) mengemukakan pembangunan sering dirumuskan sebagai proses perubahan yang terencana dari suatu situasi nasional yang satu kesituasi nasional yang lain yang dinilai lebih tinggi (Katz, 1971); dengan kata lain pembangunan menyangkut proses perbaikan (Seers, 1970, p.2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 471, "height": 91, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan menekankan pada makna “ menjadi” (being) dan “mengerjakan” (doing) dalam upaya peni ngkatan kualitas manusia, Bryant dan White (1989 : 21) mengartikan “ pembangunan sebagai peningkatan kemampuan orang untuk mempengaruhi masa depannya.” Pengertian ini mempunyai beberapa implikasi, yaitu: pertama, pembangunan harus memberikan penekanan pada kapasitas (capacity). Kedua pembangunan harus menekankan pemerataan (equity). Ketiga, pembangunan mengandung makna pemberian kuasa dan wewenang (empowerment) yang lebih besar kepada rakyat. Keempat, pembangunan mengandung pengertian kelangsungan perkembangan (sustainable) dan interdependensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 292, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 317, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuatnitatif, metode ini dipilih karena memang Berdasarkan pada objek penelitian yang dimaksud, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kepemimpinan kelurahan dalam menstimulasi masyarakat dan mengembangkan kelurahan, adapun jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah saampel 30 responden dan jumlah populasi adalah seluruh masyarakat Kelurahan Rabadompu Barat Kota Bima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 400, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 82, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bidang Pertanian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 425, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Inovasi pemimpin di bidang pertanian ini sangat penting Karena bidang pertanian ini mempunyai peranan tradisional:menghidupi keluarga petani. Surplus produksi pertanian sebagai kelebihan dari kebutuhan keluarga petani di jual untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang bukan primer. Dalam kondisi melarat petani akan menjual produksi protein untuk memenuhi kebutuhan karbohidrat. Dalam kondisi cukup baik, petani akan menjual produksi makanan yang berlebihan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang bukan primer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 482, "width": 470, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bidang pertanian ini inovasi seorang kepala kelurahan adalah bagaimana dalam kepemimpinannya bisa merubah pola dari cara bertani secara tradisional kearah cara bertani yang modern. Peranan seorang kepala kelurahan disini sangat di butuhkan karena inovasi dari seorang pemimpin sangatlah penting guna terciptanya kesejahteraan masyarakat yang kesehariannya bergelut di bidang pertanian, selain itu kepala kelurahan harus berusaha semaksimal mungkin memenuhi kebutuhan petani misalnya dalam hal penyediaan bibit, pupuk dan keperluan pertanian lainnya sebagai bentuk kepedulian seorang pemimpin untuk kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini untuk mengukur inovasi kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan Raba dompu Timur di bidang pertanian penulis mencoba membuat semacam kuisioner untuk di sebarkan kepada kepala kelurahan, aparatur kelurahan, lembaga kemasyarakatan, lembaga kepemudaan dan masyarakat umum yang telah di ambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Untuk lebih jelas tentang tanggapan responden terhadap inovasi dari kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan di dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 645, "width": 470, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 : Penilaian Responden Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Sebagai Inovator Di Bidang Pertanian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 669, "width": 430, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 19 73,19% 2 Baik 9 23,71% 3 Cukup baik 2 4,00% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "490 \| Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan jawaban dari responden bahwa inovasi pertanian sebesar 73,19% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 23,71%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 4,00%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. Dapat dikatakan bahwa kepala kelurahan dalam hal inovasi di bidang pertanian ini cukup inovatif berdasarkan banyak responden yang menjawab sangat baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 153, "width": 471, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat adalah mempertinggi kesehatan masyarakat dengan memberdayakan individu, keluarga dan masyarakat agar menumbuhkan perilaku hidup sehat. Untuk mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan bukan hanya berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan melainkan juga pada tingkat nutrisi dan panjang usia (sebagai indicator kesehatan). Indicator kesehatan berdasarkan peningkatan angka harapan hidup masyarakat. Memang indicator ini terlalu banyak tumpang tindihnya dengan faktor diluar kesehatan. Dengan dikemukakannya indicator tingkat kesehatan sebagai indicator tingkat kesjahteraan, memberi bukti tentang pentingnya peningkatan kesehatan untuk pembangunan masyarakat .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 257, "width": 302, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Penilaian Responden dibidang Kesehatan Masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 269, "width": 430, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 7 9,60% 2 Baik 13 71,40% 3 Cukup baik 10 19,00% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 347, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 371, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa kesehatan masyarakat sebesar 9,60% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 71,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 19,00%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. Adanya pembangunan dan rehabilitasi sarana dan prasarana fisik sebagai pendukung dalam meningkatkan lingkungan yang sehat bagi masyarakat seperti perbaikan gang, pembuatan drainase atau parit , perbaikan dan pembangunan MCK, serta penyediaan sarana air bersih dan sanitasi dasar bagi masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 451, "width": 185, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memberikan Pengarahan Kepada Staff", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 463, "width": 471, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahan sebagai seorang motivator di kelurahan merupakan sesuatu hal yang penting dimana, peran atau sumbangsih tenaga dan pikiran dari seorang pemimpin untuk memberikan sebuah motivasi bagi masyarakatnya untuk lebih giat lagi berperan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahan. Peranan dari seorang kepala kelurahan dalam memberikan sebuah pengarahan yang bersifat membangun serta memicu semangat bagi masyarakatnya sangat di perlukan karna memang masyarakat dapat langsung berpartisipatif nantinya dalam setiap program yang ada di kelurahan yakni dalam hal pembangunan sehingga dapat tercipta masyarakat yang sejahtera dan menjadi masyarakat yang ulet dalam pencapaian roda pembangunan dan kepala kelurahan sendiri dapat menjadi tauladan bagi masyarakat selaku seorang pemimpin di tingkat kelurahan. Percepatan pertumbuhan suatu daerah atau kelurahan tergantung sungguh dari hasrat masyarakatnya untuk maju. Hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih sempurna, hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih baik atau hasrat untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 276, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Penilaian Responden dibidang Pengarahan Staff.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 624, "width": 430, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 7 9,60% 2 Baik 13 71,40% 3 Cukup baik 10 19,00% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 703, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa pegnarahan staf sebesar 9,60% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 71,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 19,00%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. adanya rehabilitasi sarana kelurahan merupakan sumber motivasi bagi mereka dalam ikut turut serta untuk membangun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 \| 491", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 470, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kelurahannya dan dia berhasil dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya sebagai motivator dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memberikan Inspirasi yang konstruktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 130, "width": 470, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Percepatan pertumbuhan suatu daerah atau kelurahan tergantung sungguh dari hasrat masyarakatnya untuk maju. Hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih sempurna, hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih baik atau hasrat untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan. Motivasi dari kepala kelurahan ini sangat besar pengaruhnya pada bawahan dan masyarakatnya. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan peranan kepala kelurahan untuk memberikan motivasi kepada bawahan dan masyarakatnya agar lebih berperan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahan sehingga tercapai semua tujuan yang telah di tetapkan yaitu mencapai masyarakat yang sejahtera, baik secara lahir maupun bathin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 471, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepala kelurahan harus bisa memberikan suatu inspirasi kepada masyarakat yakni sebuah inspirasi yang dapat memicu semangat serta kreatifitas bagi warganya agar dalam setiap pelaksanaan pembangunan di kelurahannya dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang di harapkan, selain itu kepala kelurahan juga harus bias menciptakan ide maupun gagasan yang dapat memberiak semangat perubahan bagi masyarakat yakni dengan cara melakukan inovasi yang sangat kreatif yang dapat menghasilkan dan menambah lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakatnya. Penulis menyebarkan kuesioner pada responden dan melakukan observasi di daerah penelitian seberapa besar perubahan pola pikir dan pola kehidupan masyarakat dari kepemimpinan kepala Kelurahan Rabadompu baratini dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan untuk memberikan motivasi pada masyarakatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 326, "width": 377, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Penilaian Responden dibidang Memberikan Inspirasi yang konstruktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 338, "width": 428, "height": 91, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 9 25,20% 2 Baik 12 51,40% 3 Cukup baik 7 23,40% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 437, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 474, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa memberikan inspirasi bagi masyarakat sebesar 25,20% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 51,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 23,40%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. adanya merupakan inspirasi bagi mereka dalam ikut turut serta untuk membangun kelurahannya dan dia berhasil dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya sebagai inspirator dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 541, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hambatan Yang Dihadapi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan dalam sebuah organisasi merupakan roda penggerak jalannya organisasi. Kepemimpinan dalam peranannya tersebut tidak terlepas dari hambatan-hambatan termaksud pula dalam melaksanakan pembangunan. Demikian pula halnya dengan kepemimpinan kepala Kelurahan Rabadompu baratKecamatan Raba Kota Bima dalam membangun kelurahan mengalami hambatan- hambatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 621, "width": 315, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Penilaian Responden Terhadap Hambatan Yang Dihadapi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 633, "width": 430, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 11 44,20% 2 Baik 12 51,40% 3 Cukup baik 6 4,40% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "492 \| Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa memberikan inspirasi bagi masyarakat sebesar 44,20% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 51,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 4,40%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. adanya merupakan hambatan-hambatan yang di maksud yakni :Jalur hubungan yang kurang jelas,Fasilitas kerja yang belum memadai, Masih kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang tugas dan fungsi kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan. Masih adanya masyarakat yang kurang memahami perbedaan pandangan politik di kalangan masyarakat karena kepala kelurahan di pilih secara langsung oleh kepala daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 176, "width": 105, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alternatif Pemecahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menggariskan secara jelas jalur hubungan kerja dalam organisasi sehingga aparatur kelurahan dan lembaga yang ada di kelurahan dapat mengetahui sasaran-sasaran yang akan dicapai dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan yang diembankan serta mengetahui pula pada siapa harus mempertanggung jawabkan pekerjaaanya dan bila terjadi kesalahan dalam pelaksanaan tugas dapat mengkonsultasikan sedini mungkin. Disamping itu, dengan di gariskannya jalur hubungan kerja akan memudahkan pimpinan melakukan koordinasi pelaksanaan pembangunan yang di lakukan dan memudahkan untuk melakukan pengawasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 268, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meningkatkan pengadaan fasilitas kerja aparatur yang ada di kelurahan sehingga dalam pelaksanaan tugas aparatur dapat berjalan efektif dan efisien.Karena bagaimanapun fasilitas kerja merupakan faktor yang menentukan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan-kegiatan organisasi pada umumnya karena memang hal semacam ini sangat di perlukan agar dapat menunjang kegiatan kerja sehingga pekerjaan dapat berjalan dengan lancer dan baik tanpa adanya hambatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 326, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang tugas dan fungsi kepala kelurahan sesuai dengan perundang-undangan yang berlaku agar masyarakat semakin paham dan sadar akan tugas dan fungsi dari seorang kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan sehingga masyarakat akan dengan sendirinya ikut terlibat dalam membangun kelurahannya, sehingga tidak ada lagi masyarakat yang salah paham akn suatu pembangunan yang justru dapat menciptakan serta melahirkan kesejahteraan bagi kehidupan mayarakat itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 395, "width": 470, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di berikan pemahaman bahwa perbedaan pilihan politik adalah manusiawi dan itu merupakan salah satu hak dasar atau hak asasi seseorang dalam kehidupannya, sehingga masyarakat semakin memahami apa arti dan hakikat sebenarnya dalam memilih seorang pemimpin atau kepala kelurahan. Masyarakat akhirnya akan ada rasa tanggung jawab dalam mendukung program pembangunan yang dijalankan. Karena setiap program yang ada pada pemerintahan hanyalah untuk menunjang kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat pada hakikatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 477, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Penilaian Responden Terhadap Alternatif Pemecahan Hambatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 490, "width": 431, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 11 44,20% 2 Baik 12 51,40% 3 Cukup baik 6 4,40% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 587, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 610, "width": 471, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa memberikan inspirasi bagi masyarakat sebesar 44,20% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 51,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 4,40%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. Menggariskan secara jelas jalur hubungan kerja dalam organisasi, Meningkatkan pengadaan fasilitas kerja aparatur yang ada di kelurahan, Memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang tugas dan fungsi, Di berikan pemahaman bahwa perbedaan pilihan politik adalah manusiawi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 691, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 716, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 728, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengimplementasikan inovasinya sebagai seorang pemimpin baik dalam bidang pertanian maupun di bidang kesehatan masyarakat, harus benar-benar memberikan kontribusi serta dedikasinya agar proses pelaksanaan pembangunan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan apa yang di harapkan dan juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 \| 493", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peranan serta dukungan dari seorang bawahan dan masyarakat, Kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan sebagai seorang innovator di kelurahannya cukup inovatif. pemahaman bahwa perbedaan pilihan politik adalah manusiawi dan itu merupakan salah satu hak dasar atau hak asasi seseorang dalam kehidupannya, sehingga masyarakat semakin memahami apa arti dan hakikat sebenarnya dalam memilih seorang pemimpin atau kepala kelurahan. Masyarakat akhirnya akan ada rasa tanggung jawab dalam mendukung program pembangunan yang dijalankan serta Menggariskan secara jelas jalur hubungan kerja dalam organisasi sehingga aparatur kelurahan dan lembaga yang ada di kelurahan dapat mengetahui sasaran-sasaran yang akan dicapai dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan yang diembankan serta mengetahui pula pada siapa harus mempertanggung jawabkan pekerjaaanya dan bila terjadi kesalahan dalam pelaksanaan tugas dapat mengkonsultasikan sedini mungkin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 199, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang pemimpin di kelurahan harus lebih giat lagi dalam meningkatkan daya inovasinya dalam membangun kelurahan sehingga akan mempercepat pelaksanaan pembangunan di kelurahannya sehingga kelurahan yang dipimpinnya mendapatkan perubahan yang sangat signifikan serta harus lebih maksimal dalam setiap kegiatan pembangunan agar bisa terlaksana suatu peranan seorang pemimpin dalam hal pembangunan di segala bidang. memberikan motivasi bagi masyarakatnya untuk ikut berperan dalam membangun kelurahan dan kepala kelurahan harus menjadi tauladan bagi masyarakat dalam memberikan pengarahan dan inspirasi untuk membangun kelurahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 303, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 330, "width": 471, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali, Farid, 1997, Metode Penelitian Sosial dalam Bidang Ilmu Administrasi dan Pemerintah, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 357, "width": 470, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anonim, 2002, Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Negara, STISIP Mbojo-Bima, Bima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 383, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anonim, 1995, Format-format Penelitian Sosial : Dasar-dasar dan Amplikasi, Rajawali Press, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 397, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhanuddin, 1990, Analisis Administrasi Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, Bumi Aksara,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 410, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 423, "width": 453, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faisal, Sanapiah, 1981, Menggalang Gerakan Bangun Diri Masyarakat Desa, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta. 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Haji Mas Agung, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "494 \| Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Daerah Kota Bima Nomor 9 Tahun 2006 Profil Kelurahan Rabadompu baratKecamatan Raba Kota Bima Tahun 2022.", "type": "Text" } ]
61042fc1-7676-8fcd-9e5f-ceaa4e76eca8	http://exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS/article/download/233/143	[ { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 287, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science (JMAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 166, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 6, No. 2, April 2023, pp 223-231", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 440, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online) www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS Published by: Institute of Computer Science (IOCScience)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 258, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 117, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 162, "top": 181, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana 1 , Try Wahyu Utami 2 , Lismawati Hasibuan 3 , Windari 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 203, "width": 331, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,3,4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chung Cheng University", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 213, "width": 295, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Computer Science, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 243, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 264, "width": 431, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history: Received Apr 1, 2023 Revised Apr 13, 2023 Accepted Apr 29, 2023 The study looked at manufacturing cement as an object of research. Reasons why the cement industry go the public is: 1). Manufacturing companies Cement is still very little that goes public in Indonesian; 2). Cost of goods calculation production at more manufacturing companies complex when compared to service companies.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 305, "width": 303, "height": 143, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cost accounting information on the improvement of corporate value and responsibility to stakeholders, in the cement industry companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) period 2017- 2022. Data analysis techniques using simple linear regression analysis product correlation moment for causality test and comparative analysis k one way ANOVA independent sample for comparative test, with 5% significance level. The results showed that the cost accounting information, which is realized in the calculation of cost of goods manufactured significantly affects the increase of company value. Increased corporate value significantly influences the company's ability to fulfill its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as paying dividends to shareholders, borrowing interest expenses to creditors, hiring employees, and paying taxes to the government. This study also concludes that there are differences in firm size, dividend payout, tax burden, interest expense on cement the company goes public in Indonesia, while the salary load is not significantly different.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 62, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Cost accounting information; Corporate value; responsibility to Stakeholders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 299, "top": 457, "width": 217, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 92, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 418, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Jl.T. Rizal NurdinNo. Km 4, RW.5, Sihitang, Kec. Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Kota Padang Sidempuan, Sumatera Utara 22733 Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Globalization requires companies to able to survive in competition. Wrong One attempt to survive the competition that is by maximizing value profitability of the enterprise through improvement the value of product sales. In order to sell products increase, two important things that must be the company's management is concerned with determination of the right selling price of the product and high-quality products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The determination of the right selling price is the selling price that able to cover production costs and contain a high level of profit expected to be optimal by the entity, keeping pay attention to laws and regulations, consumer purchasing power, and ability compete with other competitors. Products that high quality is a product that meet or even exceed expectations customer satisfaction and its usefulness has a value that high, that is, the satisfaction received exceeds customer sacrifices in getting the product", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 745, "width": 442, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How manufacturing entities can produce high-quality products with competitive selling prices in the market, this is where the use of cost management techniques comes in contemporary and cost information", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMAS, Vol.6, No. 2, April 2023: pp 223-231", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "224", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "that is not distorted becomes indispensable manufacturing entities today. Accountancy the cost to manufacturing companies is a matter which is very important.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cost information used manufacturing companies in things related to activities its operations and organizational sustainability in the next period. Calculation of production costs accurate will be useful in planning and budgeting (Fauzan et al., 2021; Griep et al., 2023; A. Hardana, 2022; A. Hardana & Damisa, 2022; Windari & Hasibuan, 2022). In today's business environment this successful Strategic Organization Managing change and competition in a timely manner effective, continuously adjusting its bureaucracy, strategy, and culture to survive against shock (A. Hardana, 2018; Hasibuan, 2022; Kim & Starks, 2016; Marito et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proper budgeting will positively impact entities to perform control functions during the period certain accounting (A. Hardana, Nurhalimah, et al., 2022; Muttaqin, 2016; Nasution et al., 2022), including functions control over the production process manufacturing and sale of finished products. Maximum control over the process production with a budget production costs through the use of standards costing will avoid the entity on waste or inefficiency of production (A. Hardana, 2018; A. Hardana, Royani, et al., 2022; Lonial & Carter, 2015; Sadalia et al., 2021)..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Production cost accuracy can be generated from the selection of the right method in accumulated costs. Management techniques contemporary has introduced the method accumulated costs based on consumption activity (activity-based costing) or method ABC, which is part of the implementation activity- based management (Activity) based management) or ABM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The application of ABC and ABM is more informational cost accounting, especially production costs, which more accurate than traditional methods (Koller et al., 2015; Yana et al., n.d.). Especially when combined with the application of the just-in-time (JIT) method in management inventory, total quality management (TQM), and continuous improvement of the quality of products and services (keizen theory).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In determining the selling price, companies must pay attention to the costs of their production and the selling prices of competitors. Don’t until the selling price is unable to cover the cost of production in order to produce a good selling price inferior to competitors. Don't let it cost accounting incorrectly provides information related to production costs (cost distortion).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 441, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A product that should consume costs low production but due to the system's incorrect cost accounting in determining cost, causing cost calculation high production, thus impacting the determination of the selling price. Similarly Instead, the product should be consumes high production costs it is precisely informed at a low cost.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study looked at manufacturing cement as an object of research. Reasons why the cement industry go The public is: 1). Manufacturing companies cement is still very little that goes public in Indonesian; 2). Cost of goods calculation production at more manufacturing companies complex when compared to service companies and trade; 3). The upward trend in profit and relatively stable dividend distribution from year to year, and responded positively by the market with indicated on the stock price that relatively stable with an uptrend; and 4). Cost of goods produced as a basis determination of selling price, selling price of the product cement sold in Indonesia must competitive among three cement giant players that exists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research is a follow-up and development of (Kusuma et al., 2016) research as a roadmap common thread research in the field of cost accounting. The thing behind this study is curiosity of what the main information is. provided by cost accounting on large entities listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia, which is in the form of calculating the cost of goods produced,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Contributing to company value and capability company in meeting its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as his ability to pay the burden interest on loans, pay salaries to employees, pay dividends to shareholders, and pay taxes to the government. (Kusuma et al., 2016) in his research concluded that there is a strong correlation between the cost of goods production against product sales on cigarette manufacturing entities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Continue the study, whether then Sales that ultimately show the value of the profitability of the company, made reference by the public in determining prices of company shares until the creation of market mechanism in IDX for the period of years 2020-2021, with more entity scope wider than ever. From here the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 30, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 786, "width": 427, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 509, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "225", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 441, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "question research then develops, whether the value high corporate is also offset by the entity's ability to meet his Responsibility to Stakeholders related to the payment of interest, dividends.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The contribution of cost accounting information according to (Fattah, 2018) includes: 1). Used to draw up operating budgets, 2). Establish the most appropriate method of cost accumulation to guarantee control, cost reduction, and continuous quality improvement. 3) Controlling the number of inventory costs, 4). Determination of selling price, 5). Evaluate the performance of products, departments, or divisions, 6). Long-term decision-making and tactical that affects the ups and downs of income and or expenses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Liu et al., 2019) certify that management information The cost required in every function Management: 1) Strategic management: for making strategic decisions on election products, manufacturing methods, techniques, marketing channels, and other things in the long term, 2). Planning and Decision Making: Transfer equipment, cash flow management, production scheduling, and so on, 3). Management and operational control: provide a reasonable and effective basis to identify operations that are not efficient, 4) Preparation of financial statements: accurate recording of inventory values and Determination of cost of goods sold.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are three skeleton models conceptual in this study. Models that first test the influence of information cost accounting on the value of the enterprise, where cost accounting information as independent variables and company value as a dependent variable (hypothesis 1). The second model examines the effect of value the Company is responsible to stakeholders, where the company values as dependent variable (hypothesis 2). Model 1 and Model 2 Using Linear Regression Analysis simple. The third model tests the differences between the three objects of study based on", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Comparison of company size over dimensions responsibility to parties Who are Interested, among others, the comparison of dividend payments, tax burden, expense interest, and salary expenses. The third model uses the K Sample Comparison Test independent one-way ANOVA (hypothesis 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The explanation of the hypothesis used in this study is first that there is an effect of cost accounting information on firm value. Second, there is the influence of value on the company's ability to fulfill its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as paying dividends (investors), principal and interest on loans (creditors), paying employees and paying taxes (government). And third", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are differences in company size, the amount of dividend payments, tax expenses, interest expenses for cement companies that go public in Indonesia, while there is no significant difference in the number of salary expenses. This is also supported by previous research by (A. Hardana, 2023; A. Hardana, Nasution, et al., 2022) which said there were differences in company size, dividend payments, tax burdens, and interest expenses for cement companies that went public in Indonesia. Still, there was no change in the number of compensation expenses. The same is the case with (A. H. Hardana et al., 2023; Lismawati et al., 2023; Pradika, 2022) research, who says that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and profitability have an effect on firm value, while company size has no effect on firm value. This can be caused because the size of the company that is too large will lead to a lack of efficient oversight of operational activities and strategies by the management, which can reduce the value of the company. A company with a larger size will result in a lower company value because a large number of assets will reduce the value company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 600, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The population in this study was registered cement manufacturing companies on the Indonesia stock exchange and publish financial statements for the year period 2017 to 2022. The entire population was used as an object of research, namely as many as three companies, including PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero), Tbk; PT. Holcim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 675, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data analysis is carried out with the help of the SPSS application. Associative hypothesis testing with product moment correlation to know the direction of the relationship and whether it is strong or not the relationship between the variables of this study (Siregar & Hardana, 2022). Analysis simple linear regression is used to know the partial influence of variables cost accounting contribution, enterprise value, and responsibility to stakeholders. Comparative hypothesis testing with Indonesia, Tbk; and PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakasa, Tbk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data used to answer problem statements or test hypotheses in this study, sourced from the report Financial and Third Share Price Changes cement industry company goes public during the period 2017-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMAS, Vol.6, No. 2, April 2023: pp 223-231", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "226", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2022. The data obtained from Sharia Investment Gallery Bursa the Indonesian Effect (IDX) of Padangsidimpuan State Islamic University in January 2023 uses independent sample k techniques one-way ANOVA. Significance levels for all testing is set at 5%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Results And Discussions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 441, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The object of this study is the company cement manufacturing that went public in Indonesia, with the number listed on the IDX in the period 2017 – 2022. Analysis results regression is summarized in Table 1 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 219, "width": 270, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Summary of the results of simple regression analysis in 2 models", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 229, "width": 180, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model 1 Model 2 Adjusted R Square Cnstant Coefficient X Sig.t 0.612 -232.520.070 0.406 0.000 0.401 2.126.047 0.003 0.003", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 277, "width": 271, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: the results of data processing assisted by the SPSS application.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 299, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model 1 Model 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 157, "top": 310, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = -232.520,07 + 0,406 X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 310, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y1 = 2.126,047 + 0,003 Y2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 185, "top": 391, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Regression Equation between Research Variables", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 391, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6 and figure 2 above, it is generated Model Equation 1 Linear Regression Analysis simple:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = -232.520,07 + 0,406 X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meaning: 1). If cost accounting information is Rp 0,- then the value of the company is – Rp 232.520,07. 2). Every increase of Rp 1,- Cost accounting information, cause increase in company value by 0.406 where the direction of the relationship is directly proportional (positively correlated). Adjusted R Square value 0.612 indicates that model equation 1, able to explain variations in changes in accounting information variables cost and variable company value of 61.20%, while the remaining 38.8% is described by other variables that are not included in model 1.In model 2, an analysis equation is generated simple regression:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y1 = 2.126,047 + 0,003 Y2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 558, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meaning: 1). If the company value is Rp 0,- hence the responsibility to stakeholders is IDR 2,126,047. 2). Every increase of Rp 1,- the value of the company, causing an increase in responsibility of 0.003 with direction directly proportional relationships (correlated positively). Adjusted R Square value of 0.401 shows that model equation 2, is able to explain variations in change Company value variables and variables responsibility of 40.1%, While the remaining 59.9% is explained by other variables not included in model 2. Summary of associative hypothesis testing and comparative is presented in tables 2 and 3 The following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 645, "width": 250, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Associative Hypothesis Testing Summary (Models 1 and 2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 655, "width": 267, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Information T count Sig.t Level Sig Conclusion COGS to company value The value of the company against responsibility 5.271 3.519 0.000 0.003 0.05 0.05 H1 accepted", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 414, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 405, "top": 702, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "accepted", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 163, "top": 712, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: SPSS application-assisted data processing results", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 735, "width": 304, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Summary of One-Way Anova Comparative Hypothesis Testing (Model 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 745, "width": 330, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Information Company Mean (Million Rp) Sig. F Extent Sig Conclusion 1 Company size SMCB 13.828.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 342, "width": 293, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Information Cost Accounting (X) Value Enterprise (Y1) Responsibility To Stakeholder (Y1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 30, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 786, "width": 427, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 509, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "227", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 134, "width": 6, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 3 4 5", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 160, "top": 116, "width": 312, "height": 126, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Interest expense (creditor) Tax burden (government) dividend (investor) salary expense (employees) SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP 27.514.000 23.231.000 330.500 208.600 285.660 363.820 132.800 133.310 417.220 201.480 213.540 339,54 508,25 375,56 0,005 0,007 0,000 0,015 0,503 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 H3 accepted H4 accepted H5 accepted H6 accepted", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 430, "top": 226, "width": 42, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H7 accepted", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 245, "width": 212, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: SPSS application-assisted data processing results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Effect of Accounting Information Contribution Cost with Increased Value Company", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 273, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of data processing show that cost-related accounting information calculation of the cost of goods produced (COGS) positive and significant effect on company value. This is evidenced by statistical test results of regression analysis with values Significance t of 0.000 at the level of significance 5%. The results of data processing show that cost-related accounting information calculation of the cost of goods produced (COGS) is a positive and significant effect on company value. This is evidenced by statistical test results of regression analysis with values Significance t of 0.000 at the level of significance 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accuracy of cost of goods calculation production can be seen from the trend of relative COGS value stable of time series data over a period of research in all companies studied. As a manufacturing company, cement is very concerned about the efficiency of HPP. This is evidenced by the calculation of the value ratio sales against COGS. COGS every year during the observation period showed huge value. Nevertheless the amount of COGS value is not a waste or inefficiency. COGS though the value is large, but it is comparable to the value sales generated, meaning that the magnitude of this COGS value shows that optimization of production capacity occurs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Time series data showing values large COGS offset by sales value a great clean, mean product that produced in large quantities and sold well sold a lot. High sales value means there is no problem with company Policy on Pricing Sell, or high sales drive more investors to own shares the company, then the next applies the Law of Supply and Demand, Where When The demand for shares is high, making the price stocks have also become high. This is the same with the research of (Anisma et al., 2015; Satria & Hatta, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 286, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Corporate Value with Responsibility to Stakeholders", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of data processing show that company value has a positive effect and significant responsibility company to its stakeholders (Sig.T 0.003). The higher the value of the company the more able they are to meet his responsibilities to various parties who are concerned. With value high companies, make them able to pay dividends to holders shares, able to pay principal and expenses interest to creditors and suppliers of materials, Able to provide salaries and incentives that high to the employees, and able fulfill tax obligations to country.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 442, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This means that the cement company able to fulfill responsibilities to various parties because they are supported by values high profitability of sales proceeds products to impact value company. In line with the results of the study Mardiyati, (A. Hardana, 2018; Mardiyati et al., 2015; Rahayu, 2018; Rumi et al., 2018) the summing up that the higher The profitability of the entity then the higher the value the company, as well as research results (Nugroho & Yulianto, 2015) states the same thing, that profitability has a significant positive effect against the value of the company. Company tends to have a trend of responsibility to relatively interested parties up from year to year. This proves that rising company values are supported by increased profitability of product sales, to impact capabilities Meet the expectations of various parties who get in touch with the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 700, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Result this research supports Weston's statement, Fred, (Kurniawan, 2015; Yana et al., n.d.) states that the company's dividend policy relates to the value of the company. The higher the dividend given, impact on the higher the value company (positively correlated). (McEntee et al., 2021) research & (Bhattacharyya, 2016), (Javed et al., 2015) quoted from (Anita & Yulianto, 2016). Contrary to Mardiyati's conclusion, (Mardiyati et al., 2015) stated the increase in dividends is not necessarily offset by an increase in the value of the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMAS, Vol.6, No. 2, April 2023: pp 223-231", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "228", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Comparison of Cement Companies Go Public in Indonesia by Dividend, Expense taxes, Payroll Expenses, and Interest Expenses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Results of data processing in one way Anova points out that there are the difference in the size of the company on cement industry goes public in Indonesia, which measured by the average of total assets owned in the last six years, where companies that have the largest total assets is PT. Semen Indonesia, Tbk with value mean Rp 27.514.000.000.000,- (sig. F 0.005). PT. Semen Indonesia (formerly Semen Gresik) is a company owned and controlled by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and also as the oldest cement company in Indonesia and control market share cement in Indonesia, so it would be natural if this company is a company that has the greatest total wealth.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One-way ANOVA test results show that there is a difference the amount of loan interest expense (SIG. F 0.007), where is the company that has the burden the largest loan interest is PT. Holcim Indonesia (formerly Semen Cibinong). At dimensions of Tax Burden, it is concluded that there is a difference in the size of the tax burden cement industry companies, where the largest tax contributor to the State Indonesia is PT. Holcim Indonesia (sig. F 0,000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the dividend payment dimension, there is a difference in the number of paying dividends of cement industry companies, where the largest companies pay dividends to its shareholders is PT. Holcim Indonesia (sig. F 0.015). In the dimension of salary payments to employees, there is no difference in the amount of salary burden of company employees, although the difference is not significant (sig. F 0.503) the company with the largest salary payment is PT. Semen Indonesia as a cement red plate company in Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 690, "width": 385, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Linkage of Cost Accounting Information Objectives with Company Value and Responsibility to Company Stakeholders", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 723, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 746, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study concludes that: cost accounting information, which embodied in price calculations principal Production, Significant Effect towards an increase in the value of the company. Increased value of the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 491, "width": 56, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Assessing balance sheet", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 207, "top": 514, "width": 41, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "inventory", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 196, "top": 416, "width": 325, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Determine cost of goods sold (income statement) Responsibilit y to stakeholders: dividend interest expense, salary expense, tax expense", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 196, "top": 389, "width": 62, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Determine the selling price of", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 203, "top": 412, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "the product", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 395, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sales up", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 193, "top": 457, "width": 236, "height": 167, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Quality of Financial Statements Compa ny Value planning (Budget) Control (implementation budget)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 193, "top": 643, "width": 68, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Special decision making", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 465, "width": 266, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Calculating Cost of Goods Produced Competitive advantages of the company", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 30, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 786, "width": 427, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 509, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "229", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "company, which measured by stock price, influential significant to ability company in meeting its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as paying dividends (investors), principal and Interest Expense on the Loan (the creditor), paying employees and pay taxes (government). The study also concluded that there are differences in company size, the number of dividend payments, expenses taxes, interest expenses on the company cement goes public in Indonesia, while the amount of salary burden is not available significant difference.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 438, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The limitations of this study are: cost accounting information is represented only information on the calculation of the cost of goods produced, and enter no other information related to cost accounting purposes such as cost planning and control, and making specific decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Further research is suggested to Expand the measurement of accounting information cost by entering it. In addition, subsequent research is recommended to expand the object of research and add research variables so that the results can be more generalized. For entities, It is recommended to keep accuracy in calculating production costs, Given the benefits of accuracy are very important for my improvement of competitiveness and strategic management. Advice for stakeholders is to pay more attention to profitability trends and the value of the company as one of the foundations predicting the Company's capabilities Provide positive feedback as a form of its responsibility to stakeholders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anisma, Y., Ratnawati, V., & Fakhri, F. (2015). 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c641f004-8fd4-0f66-16b5-c4b87bbb57f2	http://jurnal.um-tapsel.ac.id/index.php/ptk/article/download/12265/7777	[ { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "p-ISSN: 2599-1914", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 352, "top": 47, "width": 148, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 60, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e-ISSN: 2599-1132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 352, "top": 60, "width": 155, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DOI : 10.31604/ptk.v6i4.577-584", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 721, "width": 379, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran)│577", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 89, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENERIMAAN PESERTA DIDIK BARU SISTEM ZONASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 121, "width": 280, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, Abubakar Umar, Yadi Fahmi Arifudin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 139, "top": 142, "width": 338, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 198, "width": 35, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 217, "width": 402, "height": 314, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan salah satu pilar utama dalam pembangunan suatu negara. Untuk mencapai pendidikan yang berkualitas dan merata bagi seluruh warga negara, penerimaan mahasiswa baru sangatlah krusial. Namun, dalam praktiknya, ada berbagai masalah yang muncul, terutama terkait ketidakadilan akses dan kesempatan pendidikan. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, sistem zonasi penerimaan mahasiswa baru menjadi salah satu solusi yang diperkenalkan oleh banyak negara. Konsep zonasi ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadilan dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan peserta didik berdasarkan letak geografis tempat tinggalnya. Salah satu manfaat utama dari sistem zonasi adalah pemerataan pendidikan. Dengan mendistribusikan siswa secara merata di berbagai daerah, keragaman dan kesetaraan akan tercipta di lingkungan belajar. Hal ini akan membantu mengurangi kesenjangan sosial dan ekonomi antar wilayah, sehingga setiap anak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang layak. Selain itu, sistem zonasi juga mendorong inklusivitas dalam pendidikan. Dengan menggabungkan siswa dari berbagai latar belakang sosial dan budaya, lingkungan belajar multikultural akan terbentuk. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, toleransi dan saling menghormati antar siswa, sehingga tercipta generasi yang lebih terbuka dan menerima perbedaan. Namun, harus diakui bahwa penerapan sistem zonasi juga menghadapi tantangan tersendiri. Salah satu masalah utama adalah terbatasnya kapasitas sekolah di setiap daerah. Jika suatu daerah memiliki populasi siswa yang lebih dari kapasitas sekolah yang ada, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan penurunan kualitas pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan dan pengelolaan yang matang agar sistem zonasi dapat berjalan efektif. Selain itu, tantangan lainnya adalah peran orang tua dalam mendukung penerapan sistem zonasi. Beberapa orang tua mungkin lebih memilih sekolah di daerah tertentu yang dianggap lebih bergengsi daripada sekolah yang lebih dekat dengan tempat tinggal mereka. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan pergeseran masalah dari kesenjangan geografis ke ketidaksetaraan sosial dan pendidikan. Guna mengatasi kendala tersebut, pemerintah perlu menyediakan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan yang memadai, meningkatkan kualitas tenaga pengajar, serta melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan dalam perencanaan dan evaluasi sistem zonasi. Secara keseluruhan, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan mahasiswa baru merupakan langkah positif menuju pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan merata. Dengan memberikan kesempatan yang sama bagi setiap anak untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan berkualitas, harapan generasi yang berdaya saing dan memiliki kepribadian yang kuat semakin nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 543, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: : Pendidikan, Zonasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 576, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 595, "width": 402, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Education is one of the main pillars in the development of a country. To achieve quality and equitable education for all citizens, the acceptance of new students is very crucial. However, in practice, there are various problems that arise, especially related to injustice in access and educational opportunities. To overcome this challenge, the zoning system for accepting new students is one of the solutions introduced by many countries. This zoning concept aims to create fairness and openness in education by allocating students based on the geographical location where they live. One of the main benefits of the zoning system is educational equity. By distributing students evenly in various regions, diversity and equality will be created in the learning environment. This will help reduce social and economic disparities between regions, so that every child has the same opportunity to get access to a proper education. In addition, the zoning system also encourages inclusivity in education. By combining students from various", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 721, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "578", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 402, "height": 173, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "social and cultural backgrounds, a multicultural learning environment will be formed. This can increase understanding, tolerance and mutual respect among students, thereby creating a generation that is more open and accepting of differences. However, it must be acknowledged that the implementation of the zoning system also faces its own challenges. One of the main problems is the limited capacity of schools in each region. If an area has a population of students that is more than the capacity of the existing schools, this can lead to accumulation and a decrease in the quality of education. Therefore, careful planning and management is needed so that the zoning system can run effectively. In addition, another challenge is the role of parents in supporting the implementation of the zoning system. Some parents may prefer schools in certain areas that are considered more prestigious than schools closer to where they live. This can lead to a shift in the problem from geographic disparities to social and educational inequalities. In order to overcome these obstacles, the government needs to provide adequate educational facilities and infrastructure, improve the quality of teaching staff, and involve all stakeholders in planning and evaluating the zoning system. Overall, the zoning system in accepting new students is a positive step towards a more inclusive and equitable education. By providing equal opportunities for every child to get access to quality education, the hope for a generation that is competitive and has a strong personality is increasingly real.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 268, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Education, Zonation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 318, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 341, "width": 186, "height": 325, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan adalah salah satu pilar utama dalam pembangunan suatu negara. Untuk mencapai pendidikan yang berkualitas dan merata bagi semua warga negara, penerimaan peserta didik baru menjadi hal yang sangat krusial. Namun, dalam praktiknya, terdapat berbagai permasalahan yang muncul terutama terkait ketidakadilan dalam akses dan kesempatan pendidikan. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru menjadi salah satu solusi yang diperkenalkan oleh banyak negara. Konsep zonasi ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadilan dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan siswa berdasarkan lokasi geografis tempat tinggal mereka. Salah satu manfaat utama dari sistem zonasi adalah pemerataan pendidikan. Dengan mendistribusikan peserta didik secara merata di berbagai wilayah, maka akan tercipta keberagaman dan kesetaraan dalam lingkungan belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 315, "width": 403, "height": 390, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal ini akan membantu mengurangi ketimpangan sosial dan ekonomi antar wilayah, sehingga setiap anak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang layak. Selain itu, sistem zonasi juga mendorong inklusivitas dalam pendidikan. Dengan menggabungkan siswa dari beragam latar belakang sosial dan budaya, maka akan terbentuk lingkungan belajar yang multikultural. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, toleransi, dan saling menghargai di antara peserta didik, sehingga menciptakan generasi yang lebih terbuka dan menerima perbedaan. (Susanto, 2012) Namun, perlu diakui bahwa penerapan sistem zonasi juga menghadapi tantangan tersendiri. Salah satu masalah utama adalah keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah di masing- masing wilayah. Jika suatu wilayah memiliki populasi peserta didik yang lebih banyak daripada kapasitas sekolah yang ada, maka hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan kualitas pendidikan yang menurun. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan dan pengelolaan yang matang agar sistem zonasi dapat berjalan dengan efektif. Selain itu, tantangan lainnya adalah peran serta orang tua dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 34, "width": 355, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran) Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 Hal 577-584", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 489, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "579", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 442, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mendukung implementasi sistem zonasi. Beberapa orang tua mungkin lebih memilih sekolah di wilayah tertentu yang dianggap lebih prestisius daripada sekolah yang lebih dekat dengan tempat tinggal mereka. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan pergeseran masalah dari kesenjangan geografis menjadi kesenjangan sosial dan pendidikan. (Suwardi, 2011) Dalam rangka mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut, pemerintah perlu menyediakan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan yang memadai, meningkatkan kualitas tenaga pendidik, dan melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan dalam perencanaan dan evaluasi sistem zonasi. Secara keseluruhan, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru merupakan langkah positif menuju pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan merata. Dengan memberikan kesempatan yang sama bagi setiap anak untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang berkualitas, maka harapan akan terwujudnya generasi yang berdaya saing dan berkepribadian kuat semakin nyata. Namun, implementasi yang baik, dukungan dari semua pihak terkait, dan komitmen pemerintah menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam mewujudkan visi penerimaan peserta didik baru yang adil dan berkeadilan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 525, "width": 186, "height": 183, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan fondasi utama dalam membangun masyarakat yang cerdas, berdaya saing, dan berkepribadian kuat. Oleh karena itu, sistem penerimaan peserta didik baru menjadi perhatian utama dalam menciptakan akses yang adil dan merata bagi setiap anak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan berkualitas. Di banyak negara, sistem zonasi telah diperkenalkan sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ketidakadilan dalam akses pendidikan. Konsep zonasi ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadilan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 403, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan peserta didik berdasarkan lokasi geografis tempat tinggal mereka. (Faruk,2013) Pada pendahuluan ini, kita akan membahas pentingnya penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan menggunakan sistem zonasi dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang merata dan inklusif. Sistem zonasi menawarkan potensi besar untuk mengatasi disparitas pendidikan dan memastikan setiap anak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk mengakses layanan pendidikan yang setara. Melalui pemaparan ini, akan diungkap manfaat, tantangan, serta pentingnya peran semua pihak dalam menerapkan sistem zonasi secara efektif. Membahas mengenai penerimaan peserta didik baru sistem zonasi akan membawa kita pada kesadaran akan perlunya merangkul keragaman dan inklusivitas dalam dunia pendidikan. Dengan begitu, kita dapat bersama-sama membangun pondasi yang kokoh bagi perkembangan intelektual dan karakter anak-anak, demi menciptakan masa depan yang lebih cerah dan berkeadilan bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 502, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 525, "width": 186, "height": 183, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian kualitatif merupakan suatu metode penelitian yang memiliki tujuan untuk memahami, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasi fenomena sosial secara mendalam. Dalam konteks penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi, metode penelitian kualitatif sangat relevan untuk menggali persepsi, pengalaman, dan pandangan para pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat, seperti orang tua siswa, guru, kepala sekolah, dan petugas pendidikan. Penelitian kualitatif akan mengadopsi pendekatan yang lebih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "580", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 403, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "holistik dan mendalam dalam mengungkap kompleksitas permasalahan terkait sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru. Peneliti akan menggunakan berbagai teknik pengumpulan data, seperti wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen, untuk mendapatkan data yang kaya dan mendalam mengenai pandangan dan pengalaman para responden. Wawancara mendalam akan memungkinkan peneliti untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang perspektif dan pengalaman individu terkait sistem zonasi. Selain itu, observasi partisipatif juga akan memungkinkan peneliti untuk melihat secara langsung bagaimana sistem zonasi diterapkan di lapangan dan bagaimana interaksi antar pemangku kepentingan berlangsung. Setelah data terkumpul, analisis data dalam penelitian kualitatif akan berfokus pada proses pengkodean dan penyusunan tema-tema utama yang muncul dari data. Pendekatan induktif akan digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pola-pola dan temuan-temuan baru yang muncul dari analisis data, tanpa dipengaruhi oleh hipotesis sebelumnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 482, "width": 186, "height": 169, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam konteks penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi, penelitian kualitatif dapat memberikan kontribusi penting dalam mengungkap berbagai aspek terkait implementasi, dampak, tantangan, dan manfaat dari sistem zonasi. Hasil penelitian kualitatif ini akan memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam bagi para pengambil kebijakan dan stakeholder terkait untuk mengoptimalkan sistem zonasi dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang merata, inklusif, dan berkeadilan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 83, "width": 148, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 106, "width": 186, "height": 597, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lembaga pendidikan yang jelas dan konsisten akan mencari calon siswa yang sejalan dengan keyakinan mereka. Mereka akan memprioritaskan siswa yang memiliki komitmen dan kesesuaian nilai-nilai dalam upaya untuk membentuk lingkungan pendidikan yang kohesif dan konsisten. Di sisi lain, lembaga pendidikan sekuler akan lebih inklusif dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru, memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa dari berbagai latar belakang keyakinan atau agama. Mereka mungkin lebih berfokus pada kualifikasi akademik dan potensi siswa daripada sejauh mana mereka sejalan dengan keyakinan tertentu (Arifudin, 2022). Penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi merupakan pendekatan yang menarik untuk mencapai keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam akses pendidikan. Namun, seperti halnya setiap sistem, pendekatan ini memiliki kelebihan dan kelemahan yang perlu diidentifikasi. Dalam menganalisis sistem zonasi, dapat digunakan pendekatan SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang komprehensif tentang potensi dan tantangan yang dihadapinya (Munawaroh, 2017). Pertama, mari kita tinjau kekuatan (strengths) dari sistem zonasi. Sistem ini mampu menciptakan pemerataan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan siswa berdasarkan lokasi tempat tinggal mereka. Hal ini dapat mengurangi disparitas antara sekolah-sekolah di daerah urban dan rural, serta meminimalisir kemungkinan terjadinya kelebihan atau kekurangan peserta didik di suatu sekolah. Selain itu, sistem zonasi mendorong inklusivitas dan integrasi sosial antara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 34, "width": 353, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 47, "width": 207, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 Hal 577-584", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 489, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "581", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "siswa dari beragam latar belakang, yang dapat memperkaya lingkungan belajar. Namun, sistem zonasi juga memiliki kelemahan (weaknesses).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 136, "width": 186, "height": 572, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satunya adalah keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah di masing-masing wilayah. Jika populasi peserta didik di suatu wilayah melebihi kapasitas sekolah yang ada, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan memengaruhi kualitas pendidikan. Selain itu, sistem zonasi mungkin tidak selalu mempertimbangkan preferensi dan kebutuhan individu, karena alokasi peserta didik berdasarkan lokasi geografis (Fahmi, 2017). Sekarang, kita lihat peluang (opportunities) yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari sistem zonasi. Penerapan sistem ini dapat mendorong pembangunan infrastruktur pendidikan yang lebih merata di berbagai wilayah, sehingga meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan kualitas pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Selain itu, sistem zonasi membuka peluang bagi sekolah-sekolah untuk saling berkolaborasi dan berbagi pengalaman terbaik dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Namun, tidak dapat diabaikan bahwa ada juga tantangan (threats) yang perlu diatasi dalam sistem zonasi. Salah satunya adalah resistensi dari masyarakat atau orang tua yang mungkin mempertanyakan keadilan dan kecocokan sistem ini dengan preferensi mereka sendiri. Selain itu, perencanaan yang kurang matang dan implementasi yang buruk dapat menyebabkan ketidaksesuaian antara daya tampung sekolah dan jumlah peserta didik, mengakibatkan frustrasi dan ketidakpuasan. Dalam rangka memaksimalkan manfaat dari sistem zonasi dan mengatasi tantangan yang ada, diperlukan langkah-langkah strategis. Pemerintah dan lembaga terkait harus", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 325, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "melakukan analisis mendalam tentang kebutuhan dan potensi setiap wilayah, serta memastikan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan yang memadai. Selain itu, sosialisasi dan dialog dengan para pemangku kepentingan, terutama orang tua siswa, menjadi kunci untuk mencapai pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang tujuan dan manfaat sistem zonasi. Dalam kesimpulannya, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru memiliki potensi besar untuk menciptakan keadilan dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan. Namun, untuk mencapai hal tersebut, perlu diatasi berbagai tantangan dan kelemahan yang mungkin muncul. Dengan pendekatan SWOT ini, diharapkan para pengambil kebijakan dapat merumuskan langkah- langkah strategis yang tepat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem zonasi dan mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan merata bagi semua peserta didik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 408, "width": 186, "height": 300, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi adalah isu yang sangat penting dalam pembangunan pendidikan yang merata dan inklusif. Sistem ini telah diimplementasikan di berbagai negara sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi disparitas akses dan mutu pendidikan antarwilayah. Pembahasan topik ini menyoroti manfaat, tantangan, dan strategi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem zonasi dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang lebih adil dan berkeadilan. Pada satu sisi, sistem zonasi menawarkan manfaat besar dalam menciptakan pemerataan pendidikan. Dengan mengalokasikan peserta didik berdasarkan lokasi tempat tinggal mereka, sistem ini dapat mengurangi kesenjangan antara sekolah-sekolah di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Hal ini membuka peluang bagi anak-anak dari berbagai latar belakang sosial dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "582", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 610, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ekonomi untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang setara. Selain itu, sistem zonasi juga mendorong inklusivitas dengan menggabungkan siswa dari beragam latar belakang dalam satu lingkungan belajar, yang dapat memperkaya pengalaman dan membangun toleransi di antara mereka. Namun, penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi juga menghadapi tantangan yang perlu diatasi. Salah satu masalah utama adalah keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah di masing-masing wilayah. Jika suatu wilayah memiliki populasi peserta didik yang lebih banyak daripada kapasitas sekolah yang ada, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan menurunkan kualitas pendidikan. Selain itu, sistem zonasi mungkin tidak selalu mempertimbangkan preferensi dan kebutuhan individu, sehingga beberapa orang tua mungkin merasa tidak puas dengan hasil alokasi tersebut. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem zonasi, beberapa strategi dapat diterapkan. Pertama, evaluasi perencanaan dan implementasi sistem zonasi perlu dilakukan secara berkala untuk memastikan ketersediaan daya tampung yang sesuai dan memahami dinamika wilayah setempat. Kedua, sosialisasi dan komunikasi yang intensif perlu dilakukan kepada semua pemangku kepentingan untuk memperkuat pemahaman tentang manfaat dan tujuan dari sistem zonasi. Ketiga, penting untuk melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, termasuk para orang tua siswa, guru, dan kepala sekolah. Partisipasi mereka akan menciptakan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kebutuhan dan harapan dari semua pihak yang terlibat (Darmawan, 2018). Dalam kesimpulannya,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 689, "width": 186, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 195, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sistem zonasi memiliki potensi besar untuk mencapai pendidikan yang lebih inklusif, merata, dan berkeadilan. Namun, untuk mencapai hal tersebut, perlu adanya evaluasi dan strategi yang tepat untuk mengatasi tantangan yang ada. Dengan dukungan dari semua pihak terkait, impian untuk menciptakan generasi penerus yang berkualitas dan berkepribadian kuat akan semakin mendekati kenyataan. Implementasi yang efektif dan komitmen yang berkelanjutan menjadi kunci dalam mewujudkan visi pendidikan yang lebih baik untuk semua anak-anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 290, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 313, "width": 186, "height": 144, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi adalah langkah yang penting dalam mencapai keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam akses pendidikan. Melalui sistem zonasi, peluang untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang merata dan inklusif dapat diwujudkan. Konsep ini memungkinkan pemerataan pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan siswa berdasarkan lokasi geografis tempat tinggal mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 456, "width": 186, "height": 234, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam analisis sistem zonasi, kita telah mengidentifikasi berbagai kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan tantangan yang terkait. Kelebihan sistem zonasi mencakup pemerataan pendidikan, mendorong inklusivitas, dan integrasi sosial di antara peserta didik. Namun, ada juga kelemahan yang meliputi keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah dan tidak selalu mempertimbangkan preferensi individu. Dengan memanfaatkan peluang yang ada, seperti pembangunan infrastruktur pendidikan yang merata dan kolaborasi antar sekolah, sistem zonasi dapat menciptakan manfaat yang lebih besar dalam mengoptimalkan akses dan kualitas pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 34, "width": 355, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran) Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 Hal 577-584", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 489, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "583", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 624, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi, perlu adanya langkah-langkah strategis yang matang. Analisis mendalam tentang kebutuhan dan potensi setiap wilayah, serta perencanaan implementasi yang baik, menjadi kunci dalam mengatasi keterbatasan daya tampung dan menghindari frustrasi di kalangan peserta didik dan orang tua. Selain itu, sosialisasi dan dialog yang efektif dengan semua pemangku kepentingan akan membantu mencapai pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang tujuan dan manfaat sistem zonasi. Kesimpulannya, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru memiliki potensi besar untuk mencapai pendidikan yang lebih inklusif, merata, dan berkeadilan. Dengan mengoptimalkan kelebihan, mengatasi kelemahan, memanfaatkan peluang, dan menghadapi tantangan dengan langkah- langkah strategis yang tepat, sistem zonasi dapat berfungsi sebagai alat efektif dalam mencapai visi pendidikan yang lebih baik dan berdaya saing. Dengan kerjasama dan komitmen dari semua pihak terkait, impian untuk menciptakan generasi penerus yang berkualitas dan berkepribadian kuat akan semakin mendekati kenyataan. Dalam meningkatkan efektivitas penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi, ada beberapa saran yang dapat diimplementasikan. Tujuan dari saran-saran ini adalah untuk meningkatkan penerapan sistem zonasi, mengatasi potensi tantangan, dan memastikan penerimaan peserta didik baru berjalan dengan lebih adil dan berkeadilan. Berikut adalah beberapa saran yang dapat dipertimbangkan: Pertama, perlu dilakukan evaluasi dan penyempurnaan terhadap perencanaan sistem zonasi. Analisis mendalam mengenai kebutuhan dan kapasitas setiap wilayah perlu dilakukan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 118, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "untuk memastikan bahwa alokasi peserta didik berjalan sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan. Evaluasi secara berkala juga perlu dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi masalah dan melakukan perbaikan jika diperlukan. Kedua, adanya sosialisasi yang intensif dan komunikasi yang efektif kepada semua pemangku kepentingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 201, "width": 186, "height": 507, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mengedukasi masyarakat dan orang tua siswa mengenai manfaat sistem zonasi serta tujuan dari penerapan ini akan membantu mengurangi resistensi dan meningkatkan dukungan terhadap sistem zonasi. Komunikasi yang terbuka dan transparan dengan semua pihak terkait akan menciptakan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang mekanisme dan proses penerimaan peserta didik baru. Ketiga, perlu dipastikan adanya daya tampung yang memadai di setiap sekolah dalam sistem zonasi. Dalam perencanaan dan implementasi, harus memperhitungkan jumlah siswa yang diterima agar tidak terjadi penumpukan atau under-capacity di suatu sekolah. Peningkatan infrastruktur dan fasilitas pendidikan di wilayah-wilayah dengan kebutuhan akan menjadi investasi penting untuk mendukung sistem zonasi yang berjalan efektif (Sugiyono, 2019). Keempat, melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Keterlibatan aktif dari para orang tua siswa, guru, kepala sekolah, dan komunitas setempat akan memastikan adanya representasi yang lebih luas dalam proses pengambilan keputusan terkait penerimaan peserta didik baru. Partisipasi ini akan menciptakan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kebutuhan dan harapan dari semua pihak yang terlibat. Kelima, penting untuk memonitor dan mengevaluasi sistem zonasi secara berkala. Pengumpulan data tentang kinerja sekolah, kepuasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "584", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 221, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "siswa dan orang tua, serta dampak dari penerapan sistem zonasi akan membantu dalam peningkatan dan perbaikan sistem yang berkesinambungan. Dengan menerapkan saran-saran di atas, diharapkan sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru dapat berjalan dengan lebih efektif dan memberikan kontribusi positif dalam menciptakan pendidikan yang lebih inklusif, merata, dan berkeadilan. Kerjasama dan komitmen dari semua pihak terkait akan menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam mencapai visi pendidikan yang lebih baik dan berdaya saing bagi generasi penerus.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 316, "width": 107, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 403, "height": 415, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abar, A. Z. (1999). Kritik Sosial, Pres, dan Politik Indonesia dalam Kritik Sosial dalam Wacana Pembangunan. Yogyakarta: UII Press. Yadi Fahmi Arifudin, Y. (2022). The Aqidah Education in Ahlu Sunnah wa al-Jamaah: A Comparative Study. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.36667/jppi.v10i 2.1302 Arifudin, Y. F. Kontribusi Pemanfaatan Fasilitas Belajar dan Etos Kerja Guru terhadap Efektifitas Pembelajaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Neglasari Kabupaten Ciamis. Arifudin, Y. F., & Amini, F. A. (2018). NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM NOVEL CINTA DI UJUNG SAJADAH KARYA ASMA NADIA. Tarbiyat al-Aulad: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 2(1). Darmawan, W. (2018). Suwarna- Suwarni. Yogyakarta: Basabasi. Faruk. (2013). Pengantar Sosiologi Sastra, dari Strukturalisme Genetik sampai Post-modernisme. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta. Susanto, D. (2012). Pengantar Teori Sastra. Yogyakarta: CAPS. Suwardi. (2011). Sosiologi Sastra. Yogyakarta: FBS Universitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 430, "width": 186, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Negeri Yogyakarta. Soekanto, S. (2013). Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "Text" } ]
76197cdb-89d3-96e4-e9b9-1575c8c06dcd	https://jurnal.syntaxliterate.co.id/index.php/syntax-literate/article/download/6720/4104	[ { "left": 85, "top": 757, "width": 422, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite: Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari (2022) Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7 (4).", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 117, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2548-1398 Published by: Ridwan Institute", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 211, "top": 88, "width": 303, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p–ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398 Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 429, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI AUDIT DELAY PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 200, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 283, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pancasetia, Indonesia Email: [email protected], [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 255, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 269, "width": 406, "height": 148, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda untuk menggambarkan fenomena atau karakteristik dari data, yaitu dengan memberi gambaran tentang Audit Delay, penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 28 perusahaan manufaktur sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan , reputasi KAP tidak berpengaruh secara parsial, variabel opini auditor berpengaruh secara parsial sekaligus menjadi variabel dominan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap Audit Delay, hasil uji hipotesis secara simultan ke lima faktor ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap Audit Delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 432, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Audit Delayy; Profitabilitas; Solvabilitas; Ukuran Perusahaan; Reputasi KAP; Opini Auditor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 473, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 487, "width": 406, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study analyzes how the factors that affect Audit Delay in Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis to describe the phenomena or characteristics of the data, namely by providing an overview of Audit Delay. This research was conducted on 28 manufacturing companies in the raw material sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. The results showed that the variables of profitability, solvency, firm size, KAP reputation had no partial effect, the auditor's opinion variable had a partial effect and became the dominant variable that had the most influence on Audit Delay, the results of the simultaneous hypothesis testing on these five factors had no effect on Audit Delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Audit Delay; Profitability; Solvency; Company Size; KAP Reputation; Auditor's Opinion", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 683, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasar modal tengah menjadi sorotan seputar investor karena memiliki kedudukan yang begitu penting dalam memperkuat fleksibilitas moneter dalam suatu negara (Manik, 2017) . Berkembangnya pasar modal di Indonesia menimbulkan teka-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3955", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "teki tentang keterbukaan mengenai kondisi keuangan suatu perusahaan, sehingga maraknya pertambahan perusahaan yang diungkapkan membuat kebutuhan akan informasi keuangan semakin meningkat. Perkembangan tersebut memberikan dampak pada tingginya akan kebutuhan audit laporan keuangan perusahaan oleh seorang auditor independen. Sedangkan hasil laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit tidak dapat dipergunakan secara langsung oleh pihak-pihak yang bersangkutan. Keadaan ini menjadi penyebab tanggal penerbitan laporan keuangan mengalami perbedaan dengan tanggal tutup tahun buku sebuah perusahaan, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 429, "height": 217, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fenomena kelambanan proses audit dalam auditing kerap diingat dengan sebutan audit delay dimana adanya selisih waktu yang berselang pada tanggal laporan keuangan dengan tanggal pendapat sang auditor dalam laporan keuangan yang menunjukkan jangka waktu dalam penyelesaian proses audit oleh seorang auditor. Menurut (Rachmawati, 2008) mengungkapkan bahwa periode waktu interaksi tinjauan dalam ringkasan anggaran diproksikan dari jumlah hari yang diharapkan untuk memperoleh laporan keuangan yang dapat diandalkan tentang tinjauan laporan anggaran tahunan organisasi mulai dari tanggal akhir tahun di organisasi (perusahaan), yakni akhir bulan (31 Desember) sampai dengan tanggal yang dinyatakan dalam laporan penilai. Menurut Peraturan OJK Nomor 29/POJK.04/2016 mengenai Laporan Tahunan yang wajib mempublikasikan kepada lembaga OJK dengan kurun waktu 120 hari terakhir setelah berakhirnya tahun buku. ”Yang memiliki tujuan, supaya pihak yang bersangkutan mempunyai berita terupdate tentang kondisi sebuah perusahaan” (POJK, 2016) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 429, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay, mulai dari faktor internal sampai faktor eksternal pada perusahaan. Menurut (Ramantha, Yadnyana, & Karang, 2015) profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay secara internal dalam sebuah perusahaan. Sedangkan faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay secara ekternal dalam sebuah perusahaan adalah Kantor Akuntan Publik, Kualitas auditor dan opini audit (Ashton, Willingham, & Elliott, 1987) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 431, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari beberapa faktor internal yang mempengaruhi audit delay pada perusahaan salah satunya yaitu profitabilitas. Hasil penelitian (Afina S. P., 2015) menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay, artinya apabila suatu perusahaan memperoleh profitabilitas yang lebih tinggi maka audit delay akan lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan perusahaan dengan tingkat profitabilitas yang lebih rendah. Sementara itu, menurut hasil (Sari & Priyadi, 2016) , profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 675, "width": 428, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lain yang diperkirakan mempengaruhi audit delay secara internal adalah solvabilitas, tingginya nilai solvabilitas diindikasikan memberikan sinyal yang “bad” (buruk) kepada investor yang berarti kondisi perusahaaan sedang tidak baik. Rendahnya nilai DER yang dimiliki perusahaan bermakna perusahaan mempunyai total hutang yang sedikit dibandingkan dengan ekuitas, mengingat semakin besar total hutang maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3956", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 429, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "semakin besar pula risiko perusahaan akan menghadapi kebangkrutan. Menurut hasil penelitian (Sari & Priyadi, 2016) menunjukkan bahwa solvabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay, namun berbeda dengan hasil penelitian (Nike., 2017) yang menyatakan bahwa solvabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 151, "width": 428, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor selanjutnya yang dianggap mempengaruhi audit delay adalah ukuran perusahaan, ini berhubungan dengan besar kecilnya sebuah perusahaan, suatu perusahaan dapat dikatakan besar atau kecil dapat dilihat dari total asset. Menurut hasil penelitian (Nike., 2017) bahwa ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay, hal ini berbeda dengan hasil penelitian dari (Yanto & Rahmawati, 2019) yang berpendapat bahwa ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 428, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reputasi KAP juga diperkirakan akan berpengaruh terhadap audit delay, apabila suatu perusahaan diaudit oleh KAP yang berafilasi Big Four cenderung memiliki audit delay yang lebih pendek karena dapat melakukan audit yang lebih efisien dan fleksibilitas. Menurut hasil penelitian (Afina S. P., 2015) menunjukkan bahwa reputasi KAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay, berbeda dengan hasil penelitian dari (Sari & Priyadi, 2016) berpendapat bahwa reputasi KAP tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 374, "width": 429, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikutnya faktor opini auditor, perusahaan yang mendapatkan pernyataan Unqualified Opinion cenderung akan menyelesaikan laporan keuangan lebih singkat karena auditor sudah mendapatkan informasi yang tepat mengenai laporan keuangan yang dikerjakan sesuai dengan SAK yang berlaku dan tidak terdapat salah saji material. Menurut hasil (Nike., 2017) opini audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay, sementara itu berbeda dengan hasil penelitian (Ratnawati, 2018) yang menyatakan bahwa opini auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 429, "height": 265, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan objek Industri manufaktur karena memegang peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi Nasional dimana sektor korporasi ini diawasi secara ketat oleh investor, pengawas permodalan dan pemerintah, akan tetapi dalam sektor ini Audit delay juga kerap ditemukan pada setiap periode tahun. Bedasarkan data BEI di tahun 2020 terdapat 755 perusahaan yang telah tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dimana 659 perusahaan wajib menyampaikan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit untuk periode 2019, namun masih terdapat beberapa perusahaan yang mangkir dari kewajiban menyampaikan dan mempublikasikan laporan keuangannya, yaitu sebanyak 96 perusahaan belum menyampaikan laporan keuangan audit untuk periode tahun buku yang berakhir 31 Desember 2019 (CNBC Indonesia, https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/). Hal ini berdampak negatif bagi perusahaan yang mengalami keterlambatan dalam pengumpulan laporan keuangan tersebut. Dalam perkembangannya perusahaan - perusahaan yang telah terdaftar di pasar modal mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat termasuk perusahaan-perusahaan yang bergerak pada sektor manufaktur karena sektor ini merupakan populasi terbesar di industry non- keuangan, dimana sektor manufaktur menjadi benchmark bagi beberapa investor di pasar modal. Dilihat dari data 5 tahun terakhir pada 2016 tercatat sebanyak 19%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3957", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor basic materials yang lambat memberikan laporan keuangannya, pada 2017 terjadi penurunan dari tahun sebelumnya menjadi 18%, di tahun 2018 terjadi penurunan yang drastis menjadi 11%, terjadi peningkatan di tahun 2019 menjadi 12%, dan ditahun 2020 terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan yakni tercatat sebanyak 15% perusahaan manufaktur pada sub sektor basic materials yang lambat dalam memberikan laporan keuangannya (https://www.idx.co.id/).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan faktor internal dan eksternal dari sebuah perusahaan diantaranya profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP dan pendapat auditor. Faktor-faktor diatas dipilih menjadi variabel bebas dalam penelitian dikarenakan masih terdapat research gap antara faktor-faktor tersebut terhadap audit delay sehingga peneliti ingin mengkaji serta menganalisis kembali variabel bebas tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016- 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 326, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2016 s.d 2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling . Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 28 perusahaan untuk masing-masing periode. Jadi sebanyak 140 data yang akan diamati dalam 5 tahun pengamatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 450, "width": 136, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 Hasil Purposive Sampling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 478, "width": 387, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Kriteria Sampel Jumla h 1. Perusahaan sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di BEI hingga tahun 2020. 86 2. Perusahaan sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 542, "width": 385, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia namun tidak konsisten mempublikasikan laporan keuangan yang sudah di audit dan finansial statement selama 5 tahun berturut- turut, periode 2016 - 2020. (38) 3. Perusahaan yang tidak menggunakan mata uang rupiah (IDR). (20) Jumlah sampel perusahaan yang digunakan 28 Jumlah tahun pengamatan (2016 s.d 2020) 5 Total jumlah sampel selama periode penelitian 140 Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu tekanan pada pengujian teori melalui pengukuran variabel penelitian angka dan menganalisis dengan proses statistik untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay (Sugiyono, 2019) , pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2016 - 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3958", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model regresi yang digunakan adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + b4X4 + b5X5 + e", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 151, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 135, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = Audit Delay a = Konstanta b = Koefisien Regresi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 215, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= Profitabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 234, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X2 = Solvabilitas X3 = Ukuran Perusahaan X4 = Reputasi kantor akuntan publik (KAP)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X5 = Opini Auditor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e = Standar Error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dibawah ini dipaparkan definisi operasional variabel yang digunakan sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 352, "width": 153, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 Definisi Operasional Variabel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 383, "width": 423, "height": 367, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Variabel Definisi Operasional Indikator Skala 1. Audit Delay Perbedaan waktu antara akhir tahun buku perusahaan (tanggal penutupan tahun buku) dengan tanggal yang tercantum dalam laporan auditor independen . Tanggal Penutupan Tahun Buku hingga Tanggal pengumpulan Laporan Audit Interval 2. Profitabili tas Kemampuan perusahaan untuk mencari keuntungan atau profit dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Diukur bedasarkan nilai ROA. Rasio 3. Solvabilit as Kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi semua kewajibannya. Diukur bedasarkan nilai DER. Rasio 4. Ukuran Perusahaa n Ukuran atau besarnya Total asset yang di miliki oleh perusahaan. UP = Ln Total Aset Rasio 5. Reputasi Kantor Akuntan Publik Badan usaha legal, yang digunakan sebagai tempat akuntan publik dalam memberikan Dummy : 1 = KAP Big Four 0 = KAP Non Big Four Nominal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3959", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 88, "width": 311, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "jasanya untuk mengaudit laporan keuangan. 6. Opini Auditor Pendapat yang di keluarkan auditor sebagai hasil penilaiannya atas kewajaran laporan keuangan yang disajikan perusahaan. Dummy 1 = U nqualified Opinion", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 283, "top": 177, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0 = Non Unqualified Opinion", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 459, "top": 165, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nominal", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 230, "width": 117, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 258, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 196, "top": 272, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 127, "top": 289, "width": 345, "height": 128, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 117.63 14.37 .00 8.18 .000 Profitabilitas .24 .44 .05 .55 .582 Solvabilitas .02 .07 .02 .21 .833 Ukuran Perusahaan -.88 .46 -.17 -1.93 .056 Reputasi KAP -2.42 3.77 -.06 -.64 .522 Opini Auditor -17.40 6.85 -.22 -2.54 .012 Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 343, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari persamaan model regresi di atas dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 452, "width": 9, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 450, "width": 410, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai konstanta (a) dalam model regresi ini sebesar 117,63. Artinya variabel independen (profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor) dalam keadaan tetap maka nilai dari audit delay sebesar 117,63%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 428, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Nilai koefisien regresi dari profitabilitas 0,24 yang bernilai positif, bermakna ketika profitabilitas meningkat, maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dan apabila profitabilitas menurun maka audit delay cenderung turun dengan nilai sebesar 24% keadaan ini menunjukkan kondisi yang searah atau sejalan antara profitabilitas dengan Audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Nilai koefisien regresi dari solvabilitas 0,02 nilai tersebut bernilai positif, menunjukkan bahwa variabel solvabilitas sejalan dengan audit delay dengan ketentuan jika solvabilitas mengalami peningkatan maka audit delay cenderung akan meningkat dan apabila solvabilitas menurun maka audit delay cenderung turun dengan nilai sebesar 2%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 429, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Hasil perolehan nilai koefisien regresi variabel ukuran perusahaan sebesar -0,88 (negative) yang berarti ketika ukuran perusahaan meningkat maka audit delay cenderung menurun, dan jika ukuran perusahaan mengalami penurunan maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dengan nilai sebesar 88%. Hal ini menunjukkan keadaan hubungan yang terbalik antara ukuran perusahaan dan audit delay yang berpengaruh negative .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3960", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Perolehan nilai koefisien regresi reputasi KAP senilai -2.42 (negative) dimana keadaan ini menunjukkan hubungan yang berlawanan antara reputasi KAP dengan audit delay dengan ketentuan jika variabel reputasi KAP mengalami peningkatan maka audit delay cenderung menurun dan apabila reputasi KAP menurun maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dengan nilai 2,42%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Nilai koefisien regresi opini auditor sebesar -17.40 (negative) yang artinya ketika opini auditor meningkat maka audit delay cenderung menurun sebaliknya jika opini auditor menurun maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dengan nilai 42,5%. Hal ini menunjukkan pengaruh negative antara opini auditor dan audit delay sehingga menghasilkan hubungan yang terbalik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian Hipotesis:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 271, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 285, "width": 312, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Statistik F ANOVA (Audit Delay) Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig Regression 3827.29 5 765.46 1.83 .112 Residual 56189.13 134 419.32 Total 60016.42 139 Sumber: Data Diolah peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 428, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji statistik F diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,112 > 0,05 yang berasumsi semua faktor terikat (dependen) dalam pengamatan ini secara bersamaan (simultan) tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel bebas (independen).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 440, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 454, "width": 342, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R2) Model Summary (Audit Delay) R R. Square Adjusted R square Std. Error of the Estimate .25 .06 .03 20.48 Sumber: Data Diolah peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 429, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) diperoleh nilai Adjusted R-Square sebesar 0,03 yang berarti variabel independen (profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor) mampu mempengaruhi audit delay secara bersama – sama sebesar 3%, sisanya 97% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar faktor penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 598, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 612, "width": 352, "height": 131, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Parsial (Uji Statistik t) Coefficients (Audit Delay) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 117.63 14.37 .00 8.18 .000 Profitabilitas .24 .44 .05 .55 .582 Solvabilitas .02 .07 .02 .21 .833 Ukuran Perusahaan -.88 .46 -.17 -1.93 .056 Reputasi KAP -2.42 3.77 -.06 -.64 .522 Opini Auditor -17.40 6.85 -.22 -2.54 .012", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3961", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 225, "top": 88, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 209, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bedasarkan hasil uji parsial (uji statistik t):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Nilai signifikansi profitabilitas (X1) senilai 0,582 > 0,05 diasumsikan profitabilitas secara parsial tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 161, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Nilai signifikansi variabel solvabilitas (X2) sebanyak 0,833 > 0,05 yang berarti secara parsial solvabilitas tidak signifikan mempengaruhi variabel dependen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Nilai signifikansi variabel ukuran perusahaan (X3) sebesar 0,056 > 0,05 dengan demikian secara parsial ukuran perusahaan tidak signifikan mempengaruhi variabel audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Nilai signifikansi variabel reputasi KAP (X4) sebesar 0,522 > 0,05 maka dari itu secara parsial reputasi KAP tidak signifikan mempengaruhi variabel audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Nilai signifikansi variabel opini auditor (X5) sebesar 0,012 < 0,05 dengan demikian secara parsial opini auditor signifikan mempengaruhi variabel audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 279, "top": 317, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 250, "top": 331, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Dominan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 348, "width": 354, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 117.63 14.37 .00 8.18 .000 Profitabilitas .24 .44 .05 .55 .582 Solvabilitas .02 .07 .02 .21 .833 Ukuran Perusahaan -.88 .46 -.17 -1.93 .056 Reputasi KAP -2.42 3.77 -.06 -.64 .522 Opini Auditor -17.40 6.85 -.22 -2.54 .012 Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 490, "width": 429, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji dominan dilihat dari “Standardized Coefficients Beta”, nilai yang diperoleh opini auditor jika diperhitungkan dengan variabel lainnya memiliki skor lebih tinggi yaitu -0,22 dimana lebih unggul dari pada nilai yang diperoleh variabel profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, dan reputasi KAP yang artinya opini auditor memiliki pengaruh yang dominan terhadap audit delay dibandingkan variabel independen lainnya yang diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor tidak memiliki pengaruh secara simultan terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Nilai disignifikansi yang lebih besar disebabkan peningkatan atau penurunan profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor secara bersamaan tidak mempengaruhi peningkatan dan penurunan audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 713, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profitabilitas tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi, dimana hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3962", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 429, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penelitian mencerminkan bahwa setiap perusahaan, mempunyai kemampuan yang sama dalam menyelesaikan laporan auditor karena pihak perusahaan tetap berusaha menyerahkan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit oleh auditor sebelum batas waktu yang ditentukan oleh OJK, tanpa harus melihat tinggi rendahnya profitabilitas dari sebuah perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solvabilitas tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay. karena perolehan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Dimana hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi rendahnya solvabilitas yang dihasilkan suatu perusahaan tidak akan mempengaruhi kurun waktu dalam pengumpulan laporan keuangan auditor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ukuran Perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial terhadap Audit Delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Hal demikian disebabkan perusahaan dengan asset besar maupun kecil mempunyai kemungkinan yang sama dalam menghadapi tekanan atas penyampaian laporan keuangan. Selain itu auditor menganggap dalam proses pengauditan berapapun jumlah aset yang dimiliki tiap-tiap perusahaan akan diperiksa dengan cara yang sama, sesuai dengan prosedur dalam SAK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 355, "width": 429, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reputasi KAP tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa besar kecilnya reputasi KAP yang dikelompokkan menjadi KAP big four dan non big four memiliki kapabilitas yang sama dalam hal menyelesaikan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit, dikarenakan setiap perusahaan yang diperiksa dengan cara yang sama dan sesuai standar professional akuntan publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 429, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Opini Auditor berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi. Apabila sebuah perusahaan memperoleh pernyataan Unqualified Opinion cenderung akan mengalami jumlah hari dalam audit delay yang singkat karena laporan keuangan perusahaan sudah disajikan secara wajar sesuai dengan standar akuntansi yang berlaku umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Opini Auditor mempunyai pengaruh yang dominan terhadap audit delay pada perusahaan, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih unggul dari nilai variabel yang lainnya. Hal tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa pernyataan opini atas auditor memberikan pengaruh yang kuat terhadap waktu dalam penyampaian laporan keuangan. Karena dengan didapatkannya opini wajar tanpa pengecualian membuat perusahaan lebih cepat dalam hal publikasi, yang mengindikasikan bahwa laporan keuangan yang diberikan tidak terjadi salah saji material.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3963", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 257, "top": 100, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BIBLIOGRAFI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Afina S. 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9b8573cd-534f-e5d5-eded-5acd328adb99	https://trigin.pelnus.ac.id/index.php/Computational/article/download/2/2	[ { "left": 219, "top": 29, "width": 174, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MECOMARE, 11 (2) (2022) pp. 60-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 155, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.trigin.pelnus.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 252, "top": 46, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published by: TRIGIN Publisher", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 66, "width": 318, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "International Journal of Mechanical Computational and Manufacturing Research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 83, "width": 170, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.trigin.pelnus.ac.id", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 145, "width": 418, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 190, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon 1 , Solikhun 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 201, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 STIKOM Tunas Bangsa, North Sumatra, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 212, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 AMIK & STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 237, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 258, "width": 108, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history: Received June 08, 2022 Revised July 02, 2022 Accepted August 28, 2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 239, "top": 258, "width": 285, "height": 277, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pineapple is a kind of organic product from the Bromeliaceae family which has the logical name Ananas comosus Merr. Pineapple plants have weathered skin and pointed leaves on top. The taste of new pineapple is a combination of sweet and slightly sharp. Pineapple is high in L-ascorbic acid, which helps cells fight damage, according to the Linus Pauling Organization at Oregon State College. L-ascorbic acid is also useful in managing medical conditions, such as heart disease and joint pain. However, due to the absence of consideration from the regions and local governments regarding pineapple on the island of Sumatra, it has caused several problems, especially data on pineapples related to the advantages, content, and uniqueness of pineapples to be used as pineapples. chaotic and diminishing pineapple production, especially on the island of Sumatra. Therefore, it is important to make a wish to know the assessed amount of Pineapple Organic Product Crop Creation on the island of Sumatra so that the public authorities on the island of Sumatra have endlessly clear references to decide on an approach or make major progress so that the development of pineapple on the island of Sumatra does not diminish. The method used in making predictions is the Fletcher- Reeves algorithm and is a method in ANN. In this study, the data used was the number of pineapple fruit plants on the island of Sumatra in 2012-2021 obtained from BPS. Given this information, organizational design models will not be fully defined, including 4-10-1, 4-15-1, 4-20- 1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1. Of these 5 models, then Training and Testing is done and the best architectural model result is 4-15-1 with the least (less) Performance/MSE test. With the lowest Performance/MSE level of 0.005488189 compared to the other 4 models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 323, "width": 69, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: ANN Fletcher-Reeves Gradient", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 116, "top": 370, "width": 109, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pineapple Fruit Production Prediction", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 289, "top": 544, "width": 235, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 102, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 382, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solikhun Amik & STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Jl. Gen. Sudirman Blok A No.1, 2 & 3, Pematangsiantar City, North Sumatra, 21127, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 443, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical fruit plant with a sweet taste and an edible acidity, it is also the most economically important plant in the Bromiliaceacea family ( Hendra & Siregar, 2021 ). Pineapple is native to South America, and has been cultivated there for centuries ( Aku & Tengah, n.d. ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Indonesia, many individuals are developing pineapple plants. The benefit of pineapple is to keep the stomach related skeleton in your body ( Pavan et al., 2012 ). The results show that the chemical, one of the catalysts in pineapple, is very good for the organs associated with the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 443, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "stomach and can reduce the effects of diarrhea ( Sutomo & Kurnia, 2016 ). In addition, bromelain can also relieve disorders of the respiratory tract, pineapple is known to have normal diuretic properties ( Annisa, 2015 ). Thus, this tropical natural product can maintain health while helping the kidneys as an organ that works to remove toxins from the body ( Savitri, 2016 ). In addition, pineapple can also lower pulse rate and inhibit plaque formation in blood vessels ( Dalimartha & Adrian, 2011 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 442, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this review, what will be discussed is the Total Production of Pineapple Fruit Plants on the island of Sumatra which consists of the regions of Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung, Kep. Bangka Belitung, and Kep. Riau ( Fauzi et al., 2012 ). The information comes from BPS Indonesia. Given the information on the Number of Pineapple Fruit Plants on Sumatra Island in 2012-2021 data obtained from the BPS Sumatra Island, it is known that the province with the highest production of pineapples was in 2012 in Lampung Province, amounting to 705,883 tons. In 2013 the area with the most pineapple production was still held by Lampung Province, which was 662,588 tons. Until 2014-2021, the largest number of pineapple production on the island of Sumatra is still held by the Province of Lampung. More specifically can be found in table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 327, "width": 435, "height": 128, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1 .Number of Pineapple Plants Production on Sumatra Island Source: Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) Province Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Aceh 734 1356 1143 1203 513 649 790 703 495 545 North Sumatra 16503 15825 13826 14568 16052 16354 22318 23751 22816 26200 West Sumatra 414 293 265 190 192 194 213 289 311 278 Riau 35488 21427 13253 95019 79327 94129 74388 10748 96172 92445 Jambi 32756 14952 13762 47275 44265 66094 14285 21881 15639 14486 South Sumatra 47604 13733 17985 13485 10901 57291 57521 57990 57887 47341 Bengkulu 385 333 236 200 172 156 243 228 319 482 Lampung 70583 66258 69923 62281 63305 453812 534775 560026 722620 585608 Kep. Bangka Belitung 6827 6052 2567 6089 4311 5266 2826 7372 15568 24107 Kep. Riau 5569 4054 2242 1952 1757 932 541 999 1709 1851", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Given the importance of pineapple for health, especially for people on the island of Sumatra, it is important to take into account the amount of production of organic pineapple products ( Press, n.d. ) which is assessed on the island of Sumatra so that public authorities on the island of Sumatra Have a clear reference without stopping to decide on arrangements or make important steps for the manufacture of pineapple on the island of Sumatra will not decrease from now, maybe develop consistently ( Shinta, 2001 ). A great method used to make predictions is backpropagation ( Utomo, 2022 ). The method used in this situation is the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm which is nothing but an ANN method in most cases used in making predictions ( Anam et al., 2021 ), for the reason that ( Windarto et al., 2020 ). This technique can predict information based on past information, so that existing results are obtained after proactive learning and preparation for remembering information that has occurred ( Rehalat, 2014 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 443, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The information sorting technique used is a quantitative method in conducting this research, in particular ( Hines, 1993 ). Data on the number of pineapple plants on the island of Sumatra were obtained through the BPS Sumatra website ( Dewi Susanti et al., 2021 ). The Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm technique which is a method in ANN is used in this research ( Zhang et al., 2006 ). This technique can make forecasts or predictions by looking at past information ( Sharma et al., 2007 ). As a general rule, how the Fletcher-reeves function can be understood is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 700, "width": 365, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Entering Training Data or Entering Input Data p=[0.1006 0.2869 0.1003 0.5021 0.1369 0.6395 0.1002 0.9000 0.1075 0.1061;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 723, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1013 0.1010 0.1001 0.3427 0.2694 0.2555 0.1002 0.8509 0.1067 0.1044;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 735, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1011 0.1009 0.1001 0.2501 0.2558 0.3037 0.1001 0.8925 0.1027 0.1023;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 746, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1012 0.2649 0.1000 0.2075 0.1534 0.2527 0.1000 0.8059 0.1067 0.1020]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 758, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Input Data Output Target", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 362, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "t=[0.1004 0.1011 0.1000 0.1897 0.1500 0.2234 0.1000 0.8175 0.1047 0.1018] 3. Create a Multi Layer Neural Network net = newff(minmax(p),[10,1],{'tansig','logsig'},'traincgf'); 4. Generate weight and tilt net. IW{1,1} net. LW{2,1} net. b{1} net. b{2}", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 399, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Default limit value Conjugate gradient backpropagation with Fletcher-Reeves (traincgf) net.train Param.epochs = 1000;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 259, "width": 185, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "net.train Param. shows = 25; net.train Param. showCommandLine = 0;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 282, "width": 171, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "net.train Param. showWindow = 1; net.train Param. goals = 0; net.train Param. time = inf; net.train Param. min_grad = 1e-6; net.train Param. max_fail = 5; net.train Param.searchFcn = 'srchcha'", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 96, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Doing Training net = train(net,p,t)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 374, "width": 202, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Checking the performance value obtained [a,Pf,Af,e,perf] = sim(net,p,[],[],t)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 370, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Enter Input information (Test) p1=[0.1005 0.2809 0.1000 0.2041 0.1730 0.1633 0.1000 0.6023 0.1057 0.1009;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 420, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1007 0.3469 0.1001 0.1822 0.2580 0.1635 0.1001 0.6920 0.1030 0.1004;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 431, "width": 331, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1006 0.3629 0.1001 0.2188 0.3422 0.1640 0.1001 0.7200 0.180 0.1009;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 443, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1004 0.3524 0.1002 0.2063 0.2730 0.1639 0.1002 0.9000 0.1171 0.1017]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 368, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Enter target information (test) t1=[0.1004 0.3900 0.1001 0.2022 0.2603 0.1522 0.1004 0.7483 0.1265 0.1019]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 477, "width": 268, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10. Re-enactment using test information from training results [a,Pf,Af ,e,perf] = sim(net,p1,[],[],t1) (Anam et al., 2017).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Data source", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this study, the data used were sourced from the website for information on the number of pineapple production on the island of Sumatra in 2012-2021 (Table 1) which was obtained from the BPS Sumatra website (Central Bureau of Statistics).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Research Structure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 344, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research structure used in dealing with the problem is shown in Figure 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 439, "width": 91, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Research Step", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 358, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the description of the system above, each stage can be understood below: 1. Data collection", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 484, "width": 427, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this step, the BPS data obtained is data on the Total Production of Pineapple Fruit Plants on the Island of Sumatra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Data Separation For Training and Testing At this stage, information is shared for training and testing of 2012-2021 information for 2012- 2015 as a target with 2016 to be used as training data, and information for 2017-2020 with a 2021 target to be used as testing information. Once partitioned into 2 sets, the information will be normalized using sigmoid capabilities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Normalization of Data for Training and Testing At this stage, normalization of training and testing information is carried out involving the equations in Figure 2.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Input Training Data At this stage the normalized data is placed into the Matlab 2011b application for handling, then a multi-layer neural network (training data input) will be created.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Application of the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 646, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At this stage, a calculation or Fletcher-Reeves algorithm will be applied where for the formation of this multi-faceted brain network utilizing the ability of tansig and logsig.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Network Parameter Initialization", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 681, "width": 427, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At this stage, initialization of network parameters is carried out based on the training function used (traincgf).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Convergence", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 717, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Then at this stage enter the command to perform the preparation interaction and see the results when the performance is obtained and do it until the training gets convergence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 740, "width": 303, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Test Data Input and Test Simulation Based on Research Results", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 144, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Then run the normalized test data. However, the results of the training that have not received convergence, must return to the initialization stage of network parameters. Then next with the simulation of test data based on the results of the training.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 64, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Evaluation", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 191, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The last stage is evaluation in order to be able to check or assess the best architecture seen from the smallest (slight) Performance/MSE test.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Data Normalization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data is normalized which is used in condition (1) which will produce a value somewhere in the range of 0 and 1 (shouldn't be 0 and 1, let alone more than that), because it is an arrangement of standardization normalization ( Setiawan, 2019 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 481, "top": 288, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: (X' = is the result of normalized data, x = is normalized data, a = is data with the smallest value, b = is maximum data with the largest value, 0.8 and 0.1 = is the value of normalization failure).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Normalization Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The attached table 2 is the result of normalization of the training data used, specifically from 2012 to 2015 with 2016 as the target. This information is seen from table 1. This information is normalized by using the sigmoid function as written in condition (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 442, "width": 396, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Normalization of Training Data` No Province 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 ACEH 0.1006 0.1013 0.1011 0.1012 0.1004 2 NORTH SUMATRA 0.2869 0.1010 0.1009 0.2649 0.1011 3 WEST SUMATRA 0.1003 0.1001 0.1001 0.1000 0.1000 4 RIAU 0.5021 0.3427 0.2501 0.2075 0.1897 5 JAMBI 0.1369 0.2694 0.2558 0.1534 0.1500 6 SOUTH SUMATRA 0.6395 0.2555 0.3037 0.2527 0.2234 7 BENGKULU 0.1002 0.1002 0.1001 0.1000 0.1000 8 LAMPUNG 0.9000 0.8509 0.8925 0.8059 0.8175 9 KEEP. BANGKA BELITUNG 0.1075 0.1067 0.1027 0.1067 0.1047 10 KEEP. RIAU 0.1061 0.1044 0.1023 0.1020 0.1018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 566, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3 attached is the result of the normalization of the tests used, especially 2017-2020 with the same target in 2021. This information is taken based on table 1. This information is also normalized using the sigmoid function as written in condition (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 609, "width": 396, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Normalization of Test Data No Province 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 ACEH 0.1005 0.1007 0.1006 0.1004 0.1004 2 NORTH SUMATRA 0.2809 0.3469 0.3629 0.3524 0.3900 3 WEST SUMATRA 0.1000 0.1001 0.1001 0.1002 0.1001 4 RIAU 0.2041 0.1822 0.2188 0.2063 0.2022 5 JAMBI 0.1730 0.2580 0.3422 0.2730 0.2603 6 SOUTH SUMATRA 0.1633 0.1635 0.1640 0.1639 0.1522 7 BENGKULU 0.1000 0.1001 0.1001 0.1002 0.1004 8 LAMPUNG 0.6023 0.6920 0.7200 0.9000 0.7483 9 KEEP. BANGKA BELITUNG 0.1057 0.1030 0.180 0.1171 0.1265 10 KEEP. RIAU 0.1009 0.1004 0.1009 0.1017 0.1019", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Tables 2 and 3, the handling of information is assisted by the matlab 2011b tool in determining the best architectural model with Fletcher-Reeves. The architecture used is 5 models, namely 4-10- 1, 4-15-1, 4-20-1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1. The step-by-step instructions for deciding the best design", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "65", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "model with the Fletcher-Reeves strategy is to determine the minimum error from the training and testing process carried out. In this review, the code parameters used are broken down using the Matlab 2011b application which should be seen in figure 3 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 559, "width": 149, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Parameters And Program Code", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 190, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Ratio of Architectural Models Used", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The architectural model used in this study uses input data (input layer) = 4, hidden layers = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30. Output layer = 1. After training and testing information with the 4-10-1 architect model, 4-15 -1, 4-20-1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1 using Matlab 2011b and Microsoft Excel applications, so at that time the best engineering model was 4-15-1 with the lowest Performance/MSE ( a little). The lowest Performance/MSE level is 0.005488189 compared to the other 4 models. The correlation of the 5 building models used can be seen in table 4 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 681, "width": 424, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Architectural Model Ratio No Architectural Model Training Testing epoch actual Error Performance epoch actual Error Performance 1 4-1O-1 200 0.1000 - 0.0008 0.000000165 200 0.098 0.00013 0.010121605 2 4-15-1 15 0.066 - 0.1495 0.006225211 15 0.066 -0.20432 0.005488189 3 4-20-1 32 0.114 - 0.0281 0.000714844 32 0.114 -0.01396 0.008846964", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 144, "width": 424, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Architectural Model Training Testing epoch actual Error Performance epoch actual Error Performance 4 4-25-1 161 0.101 - 0.0009 0.000000926 161 0.099 -0.00066 0.018542157 5 4-30-1 162 0.1 - 0.0002 0.000000032 162 0.1 0.000004 0.008766778", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 180, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Best Architectural Model (4-15-1)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 372, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The best architectural model, namely 4-15-1, obtained the following training results.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 546, "width": 181, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Architectural Model 4-15-1 as best result", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From Figure 4, it tends to make sense that training with preparation using the 4-15-1 structure model gives an epoch of 25 iterations, and this model is the best architecture compared to the other 4 models. Tables for training and testing can be seen in table 5 and table 6 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 613, "width": 277, "height": 151, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Architectural Model Training Data 4-15-1 Pattern Target (Y1) Epoch 15 actual Error SSE 1 0.1004 0.067 0.0334 0.001114662 2 0.1011 0.0918 0.0093 0.0000085713 3 0.1000 0.0663 0.0337 0.001137219 4 0.1897 0.3001 -0.1104 0.012181364 5 0.1500 0.1923 -0.0423 0.001790627 6 0.2234 0.3644 -0.1410 0.019867231 7 0.1000 0.0663 0.0337 0.001135690 8 0.8175 0.967 -0.1495 0.022354166 9 0.1047 0.0679 0.0368 0.001353652 10 0.1018 0.0667 0.0351 0.001231783 Table 6. Architectural Model Testing Data 4-15-1 Pattern Target (Y2) Epoch 15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 144, "width": 266, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "actual Error SSE 1 0.1004 0.0666 0.0338 0.001144520 2 0.3900 0.3655 0.0245 0.000602466 3 0.1001 0.0664 0.0337 0.001138057 4 0.2022 0.156 0.0462 0.002133849 5 0.2603 0.2244 0.0359 0.001286924 6 0.1522 0.1115 0.0407 0.001660479 7 0.1004 0.0664 0.0340 0.001153349 8 0.7483 0.9526 -0.2043 0.041745170 9 0.1265 0.0736 0.0529 0.002800681 10 0.1019 0.067 0.0349 0.001216399", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 258, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4 Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After training and testing information on the 4-10-1, 4-15-1, 4-20-1, 4-25-1, 4-30-1 engineering models using Matlab and Microsoft Excel, the architectural model was obtained 4- The best 15-1 with the lowest Performance/MSE Test score is 0.005488189.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 323, "width": 422, "height": 72, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 7. Comparison of Overall Model Results Algorithm Architecture Training Function Epoch (Iteration) MSE Training MSE Testing/Performance Fletcher-Powell Conjugate Gradient 4-10-1 traincgf 200 0.00000016 0.01012161 4-15-1 traincgf 15 0.00622521 0.00548819 4-20-1 traincgf 32 0.00071484 0.00884696 4-25-1 traincgf 161 0.00000093 0.01854216 4-30-1 traincgf 162 0.000000003 0.00876678", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 204, "top": 577, "width": 204, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. MSE Testing / Performance Comparison Chart", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 621, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Considering the results of the research that has been described and written in this article, it is possible to reason that the Fletcher-Reeves Calculation technique can be used to predict How Much Pineapple Plants Are Production in Sumatra Island as a work to assist public authorities. so that the public authorities on the island of Sumatra have endless great references. it is clear to decide on an approach or to make important progress so that the creation of natural pineapple products on the island of Sumatra does not decline. The method used in making predictions is the Fletcher-Reeves algorithm and is a method in ANN. In this study, the data used was the number of pineapple fruit plants on the island of Sumatra in 2012-2021 obtained from BPS. Given this information, the organizational design model will not be fully defined, including 4-10-1, 4-15-1, 4- 20-1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1. From these 5 models, then Training and Testing was carried out and the best architectural model was obtained, namely 4-15-1 with the least (slight) Performance/MSE test. With the lowest Performance/MSE level of 0.005488189 compared to the other 4 models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 247, "top": 144, "width": 118, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "We would like to thank all those who have contributed to this research, so that the research can be carried out properly.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 202, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 224, "width": 244, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKU, A., & Tengah, P. A. (n.d.). Pusat asal tanaman. 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7b764a7a-e21e-c4e1-cb87-94ffab9d1d2e	https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/ims/article/download/3555/2297	[ { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[16] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 99, "width": 443, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 242, "top": 166, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 193, "width": 253, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia [email protected], [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 234, "width": 63, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 234, "width": 387, "height": 210, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research begins with phenomena that appear to be related to the internalization of multicultural values found in the Pondok Sunan Kalijogo Jabung environment. As it is known that the Sunan Kalijogo Jabung Islamic Boarding School has been committed to upholding the values of Sufism education, and has been used as the basis for the behavior of the pesantren. The approach in this study uses a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenological research. This research data collection uses three techniques, namely: (1) in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews); (2) participant observation (participant observation); and (3) study document (study document). For data analysis using descriptive techniques whose application is carried out in three activity lines, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The data checking technique used in this research is triangulation technique. The multicultural values applied in Sufism education at the Sunan Kalijogo Jabung Islamic Boarding School are the values of tolerance, values of democracy/freedom, values of equality/equality, and values of justice. Keywords :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 190, "top": 432, "width": 287, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Internalization multicultural values, Sufism education, Islamic boarding school.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 458, "width": 207, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN/INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 478, "width": 485, "height": 237, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan pada tataran teoritis yang banyak dibahas dalam berbagai kegiatan. Pendidikan sejatinya mampu mengenali, mengakomodasi semua skenario, memahami pluralisme, dan menghargai keragaman suku, bangsa, dan khususnya agama. 1 Telah terjadi kerusuhan di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan ras, agama, dan suku. Konflik agama juga menyebabkan kerusuhan di Ambon dan Sampit, dan telah terjadi perselisihan antar agama, seperti pada penyerangan terhadap penganut Syiah pada Agustus 2012 di Dusun Nangkernang, Desa Karang Gayam, Kecamatan Omben, dan Kabupaten Sampang, Madura, Jawa Timur. Dua orang Syiah tewas seluruhnya, enam lainnya menderita luka kritis, sementara lusinan penduduk lokal lainnya terluka ringan. Padahal, kasus ini sudah berlangsung sejak tahun 2004. Pembakaran rumah Tajul Muluk, rumah dua jemaah Syiah lainnya, dan mushola kecil yang digunakan sebagai tempat ibadah menandai puncak dari kejadian tersebut. Tajul Muluk adalah ketua Ikatan Jemaat Ahl al-Bait (IJABI). Sekitar 500 orang yang mengidentifikasikan sebagai penganut Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah melakukan perbuatan tersebut.. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 755, "width": 483, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Dawam, Emoh Sekolah “Menolak komersialisasi pendidikan dan Kanibalisme Intelektual menuju Pendidikan Multikultural”, Yogyakarta: Inspeal Prees, 2003). 87- 88", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 http://news.okezone.com, 2 Maret 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 39, "width": 226, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal MULTICULTURAL of Islamic Education p-ISSN (cetak) : 2598-506X e-ISSN (online) : 2598-5957", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 353, "top": 34, "width": 191, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam FAI Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan http://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/index.php/ims", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 385, "top": 73, "width": 153, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 364, "top": 86, "width": 177, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume xx Nomor xx Desember 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[17] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan multikultural yang diselenggarakan di dunia pendidikan dipercaya bisa menjadi jalan keluar yang nyata terhadap kesenjangan sosial dan ketidak harmonisan yang ada di tengah-tengah masyarakat, terutama yang sering terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk dan plural. Dengan kata lain, pendidikan multikultural bisa menjadi sarana alternatif terhadap penyelesaian konflik sosial budaya. al-Qur’an meliihat bahwa pendidikan adalah hal yang paling inti dalam kehidupan. Disamping itu, pendidikan juga merupakan sesuatu yang penting bagi setiap orang dan masyarakat. Pentingnya pendidikan ini bukan hanya terbatas kepada suatu kelompok, bangsa, masyarakat atau pada masa dan waktu tertentu, tetapi pendidikan meliputi seluruh umat manusia dan masyarakat Islam akhir-akhir ini. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 247, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengingat bahwa pentingnya sebuah pendidikan maka pendidikan tasawuf mengusung gagasan pendidikan antarbudaya (selera) berbasis afektif, yang memiliki sifat membangun paradigma keberagaman yang inklusif. tumbuhnya toleransi, kecintaan pada kerukunan, kebaikan, dan kemanfaatan, serta saling menghormati dan menyayangi satu sama lain; ini semua diperlukan untuk belajar hidup dengan perbedaan. Kompetensi kognitif dan rasa mahabbah (cinta) kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya diharapkan hasil dari pendidikan ini. Karena mahabbah ini memiliki kemampuan untuk menciptakan perilaku psikologis yang positif dalam perkataan, perbuatan, sikap, persepsi, dan gagasan, menurut psikologi tasawuf. 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 409, "width": 485, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan tasawuf bernuansa multikultural sebagian besar sejalan dengan semangat ajaran tasawuf yang mengedepankan moralitas multikultural melalui dua hal: pertama, “husn al-mu’amalah ma’a al-nas” (berperilaku baik dengan sesama manusia), dan kedua , \"al-Sidq ma'a Allah\" (jujur di sisi Allah). Dengan demikian, hasil yang diharapkan dari pengembangan pendidikan multikultural adalah terwujudnya perilaku alim dan akhlak mulia. Hal ini sesuai dengan ruh dan ruh ajaran tasawuf yang menekankan pada akhlak mulia, serta landasan aksiologis psikologi tasawuf. , yang menekankan cita-cita moral. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 531, "width": 491, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan tasawuf yang dikembangkan di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung adalah penerapan tasawuf amali dan tasawuf akhlaqi. Tasawuf amali bisa diperhatikan pada praktek tasawuf Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah yang diterapkan oleh Pondok Pesantren ini. Tasawuf amali lebih menitik beratkan pada pembinaan akhlak atau moral dalam upaya mendekatkan diri kepada Allah. Tasawuf amali yaitu tasawuf yang mengkaji tentang bagaimana cara agar diri menjadi lebih dekat kepada Allah yang ditempuh melalui tarekat. Pengertian dari Tarekat itu sendiri yaitu berasal dari kata thariqah yang memiliki arti jalan yang harus dilalui atau ditempuh oleh seseorang untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 693, "width": 485, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung dikembangkan dangan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf melalui thariqah Naqsyabandiyah. Thariqah Naqsyabandiyah termasuk thariqah yang muktabaroh yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 755, "width": 421, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Muhammad, Pendidikan di alaf baru “Rekonstruksi atas moralitas pendidikan” Jogyakarta: Prismashophie, 2003). 60-61", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Ibid", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Ibid", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[18] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 84, "width": 485, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ada di Indonesia. 6 Thariqah ini lebih menitik beratkan pada suatu pemahaman hakikat dan tasawuf yang mengusung unsur-unsur pemahaman rohani yang lebih spesifik, seperti tentang rasa atau dzauq. Di dalam pemahaman yang menetapkan atau mengisbatkan Dzat ketuhanan dan mengisbatkan sifat ma'nawiyah yang terkandung di dalam roh anak adam maupun pengakuan di dalam fana’ billah maupun berkekalan dalam baqa’ billah yang melibatkan dzkir secara sirri yakni dzikir-dzikir di dalam hati (hudurun kalbu/menghadirkan hati). ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 207, "width": 485, "height": 196, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung bisa disebut sebagai gambaran atau miniatur tentang Indonesia, sebab di dalam pesantren tersebut memiliki bermacam-macam budaya yang berasal dari berbagai macam daerah karena dibawa oleh para santri. Sehingga Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini bisa dikatakan pesantren multikultural. Keberagaman yang terdapat pada Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini seperti keberagaman yang terdapat pada bangsa Indonesia. Artinya, pada satu sisi keberagaman yang ada di pesantren ini dapat menjadi sesuatu yang konstruktif atau juga dapat menjadi sesuatu yang destruktif. Tergantung bagaimana cara menilai dan menyikapi terhadap keragaman tersebut. Sehingga, hal tersebut dapat menjadi bahan kajian dan sebuah tantangan bagi Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung untuk membuat keberagaman yang dimilikinya itu menjadi sesuatu yang positif dan menjadi kekhasan dari pesantren tersebut sebagai pesantren yang multikultural.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 409, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Multikultural menurut KH. Muzaki Nur Salim, merupakan sebuah sikap yang toleran terhadap suatu perbedaan yang diusung dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf yang terdapat di pondok pesantren, yaitu keimanan dan ketaqwaan (keadilan), kesederhanaan (kesamaan), kesabaran (toleransi), ngalah (toleransi), qonaah (keadilan), loman (toleransi), keikhlasan (toleransi dan demokrasi) dan kasih sayang (toleransi, demokrasi, keadilan dan kesetaraan). 7 Dari sinilah kemudian Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung merasa harus memberikan sebuah pemahaman tentang nilai multikultural bagi para santri dengan cara menanamkan dan menumbuhkan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf agar para santri meliliki dan menerapkan nilai-nilai pendidikan multicultural dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 485, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari latar belakang yang telah dipaparkan di atas, maka peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji lebih dalam lagi tentang “Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Multikultural Dalam Pendidikan Tasawuf di Pondok Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 652, "width": 122, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE/METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 672, "width": 485, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu sebuah penelitian yang mengedepankan dan menitikberatkan pada penelitian data atau realitas persoalan berdasarkan pada pengungkapan hal-hal yang telah diekspolarasikan dan dituangkan oleh para responden dan data yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 372, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Sri Mulyati, Mengenal Dan Memahami Tarekat-Tarekat Muktabarah Di Indonesia (Jakarta: Kencana, 2005). 91.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 20, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Ibid", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[19] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 84, "width": 485, "height": 177, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, dokumen atau gambar-gambar dan bukan angka. 8 Sedangkan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah fenomenologi. fenomenologi adalah suatu pendekatan yang mengkaji tentang fenomena-fenomena yang muncul dan menjelma. Pendekatan ini muncul dari anggapan bahwa sesuatu bisa dipahami dan dimengerti secara utuh hanya dengan mengkaji fenomena. 9 Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu: (1) wawancara mendalam (indepth interview); (2) observasi partisipan (participant observation); dan (3) studi dokumentasi (study document). Dan pada analisis datanya menggunakan teknik deskriptif yang dalam penerapannya dilakukan tiga alur kegiatan, yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Teknik pemeriksaan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik triangulasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 288, "width": 327, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN/RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 308, "width": 485, "height": 196, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pondok Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung bisa disebut sebagai gambaran atau miniatur indonesia, karena di dalam pesantren tersebut terdapat bermacam-macam kebudayaan yang di bawa oleh para santri dari berbagai macam daerah. Sehingga Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini bisa dikatakan pesantren multikultural. Keberagaman yang terdapat pada Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini seperti keberagaman yang terdapat pada bangsa Indonesia. Artinya, pada satu sisi keberagaman yang ada di pesantren ini dapat menjadi sesuatu yang konstruktif atau juga dapat menjadi sesuatu yang destruktif. Tergantung bagaimana cara menilai dan menyikapi terhadap keragaman tersebut. Sehingga, hal tersebut dapat menjadi bahan kajian dan sebuah tantangan bagi Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung untuk membuat keberagaman yang dimilikinya itu menjadi sesuatu yang positif dan menjadi kekhasan dari pesantren tersebut sebagai pesantren yang multikultural. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 510, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ Multikultural menurut KH. Muzaki Nur Salim, merupakan sebuah sikap yang toleran terhadap suatu perbedaan yang diusung dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf yang terdapat di pondok pesantren, yaitu keimanan dan ketaqwaan (keadilan), kesederhanaan (kesamaan), kesabaran (toleransi), ngalah (toleransi), qonaah (keadilan), loman (toleransi), keikhlasan (toleransi dan demokrasi) dan kasih sayang (toleransi, demokrasi, keadilan dan kesetaraan). 10 Dari sinilah kemudian Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung merasa harus memberikan sebuah pemahaman tentang nilai multikultural bagi para santri dengan cara menanamkan dan menumbuhkan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf agar para santri meliliki dan menerapkan nilai-nilai pendidikan multicultural dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. 11 ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 672, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari data yang diperoleh peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai multikultural dalam pendidikan tasawuf di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 713, "width": 84, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Nilai Keadilan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 745, "width": 309, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Moleong J, Lexy. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif . ( Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2014). 3", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 755, "width": 323, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Creswell, John W, Penelitian Kualitatif & Desain Riset , (Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar, 2014). 87", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 Ibid", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 275, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 Wawancara dengan KH. Muzaki Nur Salim. 15 Juni 2022, pukul 15.00 WIB.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[20] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai keadilan adalah membagi sama banyak, atau memberikan hak yang sama kepada santri dengan porsi yang sama. Seperti, semua santri berhak mendapatkan nilai yang sama dalam mata pelajaran yang sama dengan kemampuannya yang sama. Oleh karena itu, nilai keadilan juga dapat diartikan dengan cara memberikan hak dan kwajiban yang seimbang, atau memberikan sesuatu pada seseorang sesuai dengan kadar kebutuhannya. Seperti contoh dalam hal evaluasi di akhir pembelajaran santri diberikan pertanyaan terkait materi yang sudah dipelajari sesuai dengan tingkat kecerdasannya. Karena dalam persoalan di atas, pengertian adil yang digunakan ialah adil berdasarkan dengan ukuran dan porsinya, bukan adil dalam pengertian yang membagi sama rata seperti pengertian yang pertama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai keadilan juga tercermin dari kegiatan manjing suluk dimana santri diberikan tugas dzikir sesuai dengan maqom atau tingkatannya. Seperti halnya santri yang masih berada di maqom pertama diberikan kewajiban dzikir sejumlah dua puluh lima ribu dalam sehari semalam dan santri yang berada di maqom satu tingkat di atas maqom pertama maka diberikan kewajiban dzikir sejumlah maqom pertama dengan ditambah seribu dzikir dalam sehari semalam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 369, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Nilai toleransi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 390, "width": 471, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung di dalamya terdapat santri-santri yang berasal dari berbagai macam daerah dan tentunya tiap-tiap daerah memiliki cara dan budaya yang berbeda antara satu daerah dengan daerah lainnya. Hal ini akhirnya, dapat menjadi sebuah tantangan tersendiri bagi Pondok Pesantren tersebut untuk bisa mengelola perbedaan-perbedaan yang ada ini agar menjadi sesuatu yang berdampak positif. Itu sebabnya, prinsip yang dijadikan dasar pijakan Pesanren tersebut dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai multikultural adalah sikap toleransi. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 471, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan tasawuf yang diterapkan di Pondok Pesantren Sunan kalijogo Jabung, terlihat adanya beberapa kegiatan yang secara jelas menggambarkan aspek nilai toleransi, yakni pada kegiatan shalat berjamaah, tawajuhan dan khususiyah, “Santri yang lebih muda menghormati santri yang lebih tua. Junior menghargai dan ingin meneladani kebaikan senior. Sementara senior mengasihi dan membimbing junior. Santri yang maqom atau tingkatannya lebih rendah mau belajar dan bertanya kepada santri yang maqom dan tingkatannya lebih tinggi. Dari situ nampak bahwa suasana dan sikap kebersamaan santri di pesantren ini selalu terjalin terus menerus dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan tentunya akan mengakibatkan pada suasana keakraban serta persaudaraan santri. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 674, "width": 148, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Nilai demokrasi (kebebasan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai demokrasi mengandung pengertian adanya pandangan hidup yang mengutarakan persamaan hak dan kewajiban serta perlakuan yang sama di dalam berlangsungnya proses belajar mengajar antara pendidik dan pserta didik, serta keterlibatan lembaga pendidikan. Demokrasi adalah keadaan jiwa yang ingin melakukan suatu perbuatan sesuai dengan kehendak hati dan pikirannya. Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[21] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sini kebebasan yang dimaksudkan adalah kebebasan yang positif. Lebih tepatnya, kebebasan yang berdasarkan pada ketentuan Allah SWT, yaitu kebebasan untuk menjalankan syariat agama yang telah ditetapkan Allah SWT dan lepas dari belenggu hawa nafsu. Hal ini bisa dilaksanakan melalui memperbanyak berdzikir, membersihkan hati dari sifat-sifat tercela melalui manjing suluk, tawajuhan dan shalat malam. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pendidikan tasawuf nilai demokrasi tercermin dari beberapa kegiatan seperti contoh manjing suluk. Kyai tidak memaksakan pada santri untuk manjing suluk sesuai dengan keinginan beliau akan tetapi santri diberikan kebebasan untuk menentukan waktunya kapan mereka manjing suluk. Santri juga diberikan kebebasan tempat dan waktu melaksanakan dzikir, dalam melaksanakan dzikir santri tidak ditentukan tempatnya dimana dan waktunya kapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 288, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Nilai kesetaraan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 309, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai kesetaraan adalah adanya proses pendidikan yang tidak menjadikan dan memperlakukan peserta didik satu lebih spesial dari peserta didik lainnya, atau sebaliknya menjadikan salah satu peserta didik lebih rendah dari peserta didik lainnya dengan alasan apa pun. Apakah itu terkait dengan fasilitas yang diberikan atau pun perlakuan dari pendidik atau lembaga pendidikan itu sendiri. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 471, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai kesetaraan ini tercermin dalam semua kegiatan pendidikan tasawuf di Pondok Pesantren Sunan kalijogo Jabung dimana KH. Muzaki Nur Salim tidak pernah membeda-bedakan santri- santrinya, tidak pernah memperlakukan santri yang satu lebih khusus atau lebih spesial dari santri lainnya atau sebaliknya memperlakukan santri yang satu lebih rendah dari santri lainnya. Meskipun santri-santri itu memiliki latar belakang keluarga yang berbeda-beda, latar belakan sosial yang berbeda-beda. Salah satu contoh di dalam kegiatan tawajuhan tidak ada santri yang maqom atau tingkatannya lebih tinggi berada di bagian depan dibanding santri-santri yang maqomnya lebih rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 572, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai kesetaraan juga tercermin dalam pembelajaran di kelas dimana proses pembelajarannya guru tidak menjadikan dan memperlakukan santri yang satu lebih spesial dari santri lainnya, atau sebaliknya menjadikan salah satu santri lebih rendah dari santri lainnya dengan alasan apa pun. Apakah itu terkait dengan fasilitas yang diberikan atau pun perlakuan dari pendidik itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 666, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN/CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai-nilai multikultural yang diterapkan dalam pendidikan tasawuf di Pondok Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung adalah nilai toleransi, nilai demokrasi/kebebasan, nilai kesamaan/kesetaraan, dan nilai keadilan. Keempat nilai tersebut tercermin dalam kegiatan-kegiatan pendidikan tasawuf dan terkonsep dalam nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf di pondok pesantren tersebut, yakni nilai keimanan dan ketaqwaan, taubat, nilai kesederhanaan, nilai kesabaran, nilai mendahulukan orang lain (ngalah), nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[22] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 485, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "nriman (qanaah), nilai kedermawanan (loman), nilai keikhlasan, nilai kasih sayang dan nilai kerukunan/ kebersamaan. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 146, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA/REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 166, "width": 419, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Creswell, John W, Penelitian Kualitatif & Desain Riset, Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 186, "width": 484, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dawam, Emoh Sekolah. “Menolak komersialisasi pendidikan dan Kanibalisme Intelektual menuju Pendidikan Multikultural” , Yogyakarta: Inspeal Prees, 2003. http://news.okezone.com, 2 Maret 2018 Moleong J, Lexy. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 267, "width": 484, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad, Pendidikan di alaf baru “Rekonstruksi atas moralitas pendidikan” , Jogyakarta: Prismashophie, 2003.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 308, "width": 463, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri Mulyati, Mengenal Dan Memahami Tarekat-Tarekat Muktabarah Di Indonesia Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.", "type": "Text" } ]
8d79456a-0a58-b946-bca7-376c22c1884c	https://jurnal.itscience.org/index.php/educendikia/article/download/1439/990	[ { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 77, "width": 381, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerapan Model Example Non Example Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas III SD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 140, "top": 133, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Author:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 144, "width": 85, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Juliatun 1 Dr. Dodik Mulyono 2 Aswarliansyah 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 193, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Afiliation: 1,2,3 Universitas PGRI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 218, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SILAMPARI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 231, "width": 64, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lubuklinggau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 256, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Corresponding email", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 123, "top": 269, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "author email", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 293, "width": 56, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Histori Naskah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 303, "width": 75, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Submit: 2022-03-28 Accepted: 2022-04-01 Published: 2022-04-01", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 365, "width": 105, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This is an Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 133, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak :", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 146, "width": 334, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmengetahui hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan setelah menerapkan model pembelajaran Example Non Example . Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain eksperimen Pretest dan Posttest. Pengambilan sampel ini diambil dari jumlah populasi mengingat populasi hanya ada satu kelas maka populasi merupakan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas III yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Data instrumen diambil dengan teknik tes. Instrumen yang digunakan berbentuk essay yang berjumlah 8 soal. Pengumpulan data diambil dengan teknik tes. Data analisis menggunakan uji-Z dengan taraf kepercayaan α = 0,05 diperoleh bahwa Z hitung > Z tabel (11,83> 1,64), sehingga dapat disimpulkan signifikan tuntas bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Example Non Example.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 348, "width": 271, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : Penerapan Example Non Example , Matematika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 439, "width": 77, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 471, "height": 106, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan bagi kehidupan manusia merupakan kebutuhan primer atau mutlak yang harus dipenuhi sepanjang hayat. Salah satu bentuk menempuh pendidikan adalah dengan belajar di sekolah sesuai dengan jenjangnya. Dua komponen utama dalam kegiatan belajar di sekolah, yaitu siswa dan guru. Kegiatan pembelajaran dilaksanakan oleh guru dan diterima oleh siswa. Kegiatan pembelajaran diarahkan untuk memberdayakan semua potensi peserta didik agar menguasai kompetensi yang diharapkan. Guru harus mengembangkan kemampuan pengetahuan siswa, pemahaman, dan kreatifitas. Menciptakan kondisi yang menyenangkan di kelas tetapi tetap terfokus pada materi yang disampaikan. Mengajarkan nilai, etika, logika, dan kinestika,serta menyediakan pengalaman belajar yang beragam .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 571, "width": 471, "height": 64, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Proses pembelajaran adalah adalah proses komunikasi dan interaksi antara guru dan siswa di dalam kelas. Guru harus memberikan atau menyampaikan materi dengan jelas agar dapat dipahami oleh siswa. Seperti memberikan konsep kepada siswa supaya siswa dapat berpikir kritis serta mengembangkan pemahaman konsep yang diberikan oleh guru. Tetap guru harus mengarahkan pemahaman siswa agar tidak terjadi miskonsepsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam suatu proses pembelajaran guru hendaknya dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif, yaitu suasana belajar yang efektif, aktif, kreatif, mandiri, inovatif, memberikan rasa nyaman, menyenangkan, mendorong siswa untuk dapat memahami materi pelajaran yang telah disampaikan. Oleh karena itu, hal tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar yang diperoleh serta siswa mampu menerapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Agar dapat menerapkan suasana belajar yang kondusif, seorang guru hendaknyamenggunakan model, strategi, atau metode dalam pembelajaran. Dengan menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "model siswa lebih dapat memahami materi dengan baik, siswa lebih aktif dalam pembelajaran dan kondisi di dalam kelas menjadi kondusif. Salah satu mata pelajaran yang ada di SD yaitu matematika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 471, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Matematika adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang didapat dengan berpikir (bernalar). Matematika lebih menekankan kegiatan dalam dunia rasio (penalaran), bukan menekankan dari hasil eksperimen atau hasil observasi metematika terbentuk karena pikiran-pikiran manusia, yang berhubungan dengan idea, proses, dan penelaran. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa matematika merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang penelaran yang terbentuk karena pikiran-pikiran manusia yang membentuk ide-ide, proses dan penalaran.Mengajar matematika yang baik, bagus, dan tidak membosankan dilakukan dengan buat pembelajaran dalam berbentuk gambar-gambar yang nantinya akan dianalisis oleh masing-masing siswa yang terbentuk dalam beberapa kelompok dan siswa akan menyimpulkan dengan begitu pembelajaran tidak akan membosankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 471, "height": 146, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang didapat terhadap guru kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan, dalam proses pembelajaran matematika guru masih menggunakan model konvensional dan ceramah yang dimana peserta didik lebih banyak mendengar, peserta didik mengetahui sesuatu, bukan mampu melakukan sesuatu, dan siswa kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Sehingga selama proses pembelajran suasana kelas belum kondusif, sebagian besar hasil belajar matematika masih dibawah KKM ialah 65, sering sekali peserta didik melakukan kegiatan lain seperti bermain dengan sebangku dikelas, mengobrol dengan teman, mengerjakan tugas lain saat proses belajar mengajar, dan lain sebagainya selama proses belajar mengajar berlangsung. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan bahwa sebagian besar hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III yang belum tuntas sebanyak 75% dari 24 siswa (18 siswa) dan yang telah tuntas sebanyak 25% dari 24 siswa (6 siswa). Dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar memperoleh nilai rata-rata ulangan harian matematika siswa ialah 60 dari nilai KKM 65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 399, "width": 471, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mengatasi masalah di atas, maka guru perlu model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, keaktifan, mendorong keberanian, menyenangakan dan mengurangi kegiatan sendiri peserta didik dalam proses belajar mengajar. Model pembelajran yang menyenangkan, aktif, dan mampu meningkatkan pemahaman, sekaligus mendorong peserta didik dalam proses belajar mengajar disebut Example non Example. (Fathurrohman, 2018)mengungkapkan bahwa model Example Non Example adalah model pembelajaran yang menggunakan gambar sebagai media dalam proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mendorong siswa berpikir kritis dengan memecahkan masalah yang ada dalam contoh yang disajikan. Sejalan dengan itu menurut (Shoimin, 2014) model Example Non Example adalah rangkaian yang dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan definisi konsep. Pembelajaran dengan model Example Non Example guru akan memberikan contoh gambar agar siswa dapat memperhatikan dan dapat lebih mudah untuk memahami pembelajaran yang akan diajarkan oleh guru tersebut. Menurut beberapa penelitian yang telah meneliti model pembelajaran Example Non Example dalam pembelajaran matematika berhasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 584, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan masalah yang telah diuraikan tersebut, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 88, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Studi Literatur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Sariningsih et al., 2019) berpendapat bahwa model pembelajaran adalah proses pembelajaran yang mencakup pendekatan, strategi, metode, teknik dan taktik pembelajaran, yang tergambar dari awal sampai akhir yang disajikan secara khas oleh guru dalam menyapaikan pesan atau meteri pelajaran yang meliputi aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor dalam proses pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran adalah proses pembelajaran yang mencakup pendekatan, strategi, metode, teknik dan taktik pembelajaran, yang tergambar dari awal sampai akhir yang disajikan secara khas oleh guru dalam menyapaikan pesan atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "meteri pelajaran yang meliputi aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. Sementara itu (Aji & Sary, 2018) mengungapkan bahwa model pembelajaran cara untuk membantu siswa dalam berpikir, belajar, dan membantu guru dalam menyapaikan informasi dengan mudah agar siswa dapat memahami pembelajaran. Sejalan dengan itu menurut (Fathurrohman, 2018)model pembelajaran adalah proses pembelajaran yang tergambar dari awal sampai akhir yang disajikan secara khas oleh guru dalam kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 151, "width": 471, "height": 119, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Rojai et al., 2018) berpendapat bahwa model Example Non Example adalah rangkaian pembelajaran yang menggunakan gambar sebagai media dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran. Sementara itu (Fathurrohman, 2018)mengungkapkan bahwa model Example Non Example adalah model pembelajaran yang menggunakan gambar sebagai media dalam proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mendorong siswa berpikir kritis dengan memecahkan masalah yang ada dalam contoh yang disajikan. Sejalan dengan itu menurut (Shoimin, 2014)model Example Non Example adalah rangkaian yang dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan definisi konsep. Kemudian (Putera et al., 2016)berpendapat bahwa model Example Non Example adalah model pembelajaran yang mempersiapkan gambar, diagram atau tabel sesuai dengan materi dan kompetensi pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 424, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut (Suprijono, 2012) langkah-langkah model pembelajaran Example Non Example yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 303, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Guru mempersiapkan gambar-gambar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran. Gambar yang digunakan tentunya merupakan gambar yang sesuai dengan materi yang dibahas sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 352, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Guru menempelkan gambar dipapan atau ditayangkan melalui LCD atau OHP. Jika ada dapat pula menggunakan proyektor dan pada tahapan ini guru juga dapat meminta bantuan siswa untuk mempersiapkan gambar yang telah dibuat sekaligus pembentukan kelompok siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 401, "width": 456, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Guru memberi petunjuk dan memberi kesempatan pada siswa untuk memperhatikan/menganalisis gambar. Biarkan siswa melihat dan menelaah gambar yang disajikan secara seksama, agar detail gambar dapat dipahami oleh siswa. Selain itu, guru juga mempersiapkan penjelasan tentang gambar yang sedang diamati siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 464, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4) Melalui diskusi kelompok 2-3 orang siswa, hasil dari analisis gambar tersebut dicatat pada kertas. Kertas yang digunakan lebih baik jika disediakan oleh guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 499, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5) Tiap kelompok diberi kesempatan membaca hasil diskusinya. Siswa diminta untuk menjelaskan hasil diskusi mereka melalui perwakilan kelompok masing-masing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 534, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6) Mulai dari komentar/hasil diskusi siswa, guru mulai menjelaskan materi sesuai tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Setelah memahami hasil dari analisis yang dilakukan siswa, lalu guru mulai menjelaskan materi sesuai tujuan pembelajaran yang ingin dicapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 583, "width": 344, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7) Guru dan siswa menyimpulkan materi sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 605, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain itu, menurut(Hamdayana, 2014) model pembalajaran Example Non Example juga memiliki kelebihan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 640, "width": 241, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. 1) Siswa lebih kritis dalam menganalisis gambar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 662, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. 2) Siswa mengetahui aplikasi dari materi berupa contoh gambar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 684, "width": 306, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. 3) Siswa diberi kesempatan untuk mengemukakan pendapatnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 705, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian (Hosnan, 2014) menyatakan bahwa langkah-langkah pembelajaran dalam model Example Non Example adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 74, "width": 425, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Guru mempersiapkan gambar-gambar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang akan dicapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 96, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Guru menempelkan gambar dipapan tulis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 118, "width": 457, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Guru memberi petunjuk dan memberi kesempatan kepada siswa untuk memperhatikan/menganalisis gambar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 153, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4) Melalui diskusi kelompok 2-3 orang siswa, hasil dari diskusi analisis gambar tersebut dicatat pada kertas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 188, "width": 304, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5) Tiap kelompok diberi kesempatan membacakan hasil diskusinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 210, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6) Mulai dari komentar/hasil diskusi siswa, guru mulai menjelaskan materi sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 245, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7) Kesimpulan dan rangkuman.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain memiliki kelebihan, model Example Non Example juga memiliki Kekurangan menurut(Hamdayana, 2014)sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 302, "width": 293, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. 1) Tidak semua materi dapat disajikan dalam bentuk gambar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 324, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. 2) Memakan waktu yang cukup lama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 346, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Johnson & Rising (1972: 28) mengatakan matematika adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Matematika adalah pengetahuan terstruktur, dimana sifat dan teori dibuat secara deduktif berdasarkan unsur-unsur yang didefinisikan atau tidak didefinisikan dan berdasarkan aksioma, sifat, atau teori yang telah dibuktikan kebenarannya.2) Matematika ialah bahasa simbol tentang berbagai gagasan dengan menggunakan istilah- istilah yang didefinisikan secara cermat, jelas, dan akurat. 3) Matematika adalah seni, dimana keindahannya terdapat dalam keterurutan dan keharmonisan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 104, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 471, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Eksperimen. Menurut (Sugiyono, 2016)metode penelitian Ekprimen adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencari perlakuan tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam kondisi yang terkendali. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Eksperimen ( Pre-Experimemental Designs ) dengan desain eksperimen yang digunakan berbentuk desain One Group Pre-test dan Post-test . Adapun desain eksperimen Pre-Test dan Post Test terdapat pada tabel 3.1 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 541, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3.1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 383, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desain Eksprimen Pre-Test dan Post-test Pre-test Treatment Post-test 𝟎 𝟏 X 𝟎 𝟐 Sumber: Jakni, (2016:70)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 650, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 671, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 1 : Pre-test (sebelum diberi perlakuan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 693, "width": 198, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 2 : Post-test (setelah diberi perlakuan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 716, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X : Perlakuan ( Treatment )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh karena itu, hasil perlakuan dapat diketahui lebih akurat, karena dapat membandingkan keadaan hasil sebelum diberi perlakuan. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 131, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Arikunto, 2010) validitas adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukan tingkat-tingkat kevalidan atau kesahihan suatu instrumen. Tes tersebut dikatakan valid jika mampu mengevaluasi dengan tepat apa yang harus dievaluasi. Instrumen yang mempunyai validitas eksternal bila kriteria didalam instrumen disusun berdasarkan fakta-fakta empiris yang telah ada. Agar dapat mengukur koofisien validitas digunakan rumus korelsi sebagai berikut, Jakni (Jakni, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 229, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Jakni, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 273, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r xy : Koefisien korelasi antara variabel X dan variabel Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 316, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N : Banyaknya peserta tes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 338, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X : Nilai hasil uji coba", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y : Nilai rata-rata harian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 381, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Reliabilitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Azwar, 2013) konsep reliabilitas adalah sebatas mana hasil atau suatu proses pengukuran dapat di percaya. (Widoyoko, 2019) apabila dalam beberapa kali pengukuran, diperoleh hasil pengukuran yang sama atau tetap, maka dapat di katakana hasil pengukurannya dapat dipercaya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 449, "width": 221, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r 11 = ( 𝑛 𝑛−1 ) (1 ∑  𝑏 2  𝑡 2 ) (Arikunto, 2010)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 484, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r 11 = Reliabilitas Instrumen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 524, "width": 189, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "∑  𝑏 2 = Jumlah varians skor tiap-tiap item", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 95, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": " 𝑡 2 = Varian Total", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 572, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Daya Pembeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 594, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Bagiyono, 2017)daya pembeda soal adalah keterampilan sebuah butir soal untuk membedakan kelompok dalam aspek yang akan diukur sesuai dengan perbedaan yang ada dalam kelompok tersebut. Adapun rumus yang digunakan untuk menghitung daya pembeda setiap butir soal, (Jakni, 2016)sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 641, "width": 60, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DP = JB A − JB B JS 𝐴", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 672, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 694, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DP : Daya Pembeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 716, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JB A :Jumlah skor kelompok atas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 217, "width": 146, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r xy = 𝑁∑𝑋𝑌−(∑𝑋)(∑𝑌) √{𝑁∑𝑋 2 − (∑𝑋)²}{𝑁∑𝑌 2 −(∑𝑌)²}", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JB B : Jumlah skor kelompok bawah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JS A : Jumlah skor ideal kelompok atas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Tingkat Kesukaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 139, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Arikunto, 2010)tingkat kesukaran adalah soal yang baik yaitu soal yang tidak terlalu mudah dan tidak terlalu sukar. Soal terlalu mudah tidak merangsang siswa untuk mempertinggi usaha memecahkannya. Sebaliknya soal yang terlalu sukar akan menyebabkan siswa menjadi putus asa dan tidak mempunyai semngat untuk mencoba lagi karena diluar jangkauannya. (Jakni, 2016) untuk menghitung indeks kesukaran (IK) butir soal digunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 53, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IK = n A +n B 𝑁 𝐴 + 𝑁 𝐵", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IK : Indeks Kesukaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 288, "width": 261, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "n A : Jumlah skor kelompok atas yang menjawab benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 310, "width": 273, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "n B : Jumlah skor kelompok bawah yang menjawab benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N A : Jumlah skor ideal kelompok atas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 353, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N B : Jumlah skor ideal kelompok bawah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 35, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 402, "width": 471, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis data dari hasil pre-test , nilai rata-rata sebesar 28. Sedangkan analisis data hasil post-tets nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa sebesar 80,54. Berdasarkan hasil post-tets dapat dikatakan terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata Matematika siswa. Hasil perhitungan uji normalitas data pre-tets dan post –test menunjukkan bahwa nilai kedua data berdistribusi normal. Kemudian untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan uji-z dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 atau 5% menunjukkan bahwa X 2 hitung ≥ X 2 tabel maka H o ditolak dan H a diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 500, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Hasil Pre-Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 523, "width": 298, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. hasil Perhitungan Uji Tes Awal(Pre-test )Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 560, "width": 272, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No. Kategori Keterangan 1 Nilai Minimum 17 2 Nilai Maksimum 38 3 Rata-rata Nilai 28 4 Simpangan Baku 6,14 5 Jumlah SiswaTuntas 0 6 Jumlah Siswa Tidak Tuntas 24", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 673, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data yang dilakukan peneliti, dapat dilihat bahwa kegiatan pre-test yang telah dilakukan berjumlah 24 siswa diperoleh nilai rata-rata 28 dengan nilai tertinggi 38 dan nilai terendah 17 dari seluruh siswa kelas lII yang mengikuti pre-test , adapun dari 24 siswa yang mengikuti Pre-test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "tidak ada yang mendapatkan nilai sama dengan kriteria ketuntasan 65 (KKM) atau lebih, seluruh siswa mendapatkan nilai kurang dari 65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Hasil Post-Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 124, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. hasil Perhitungan Uji Tes Awal(Pre-test )Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 152, "width": 272, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No. Kategori Keterangan 1 Nilai Minimum 73 2 Nilai Maksimum 90 3 Rata-rata Nilai 80,54 4 Simpangan Baku 5,18 5 Jumlah SiswaTuntas 24 6 Jumlah Siswa Tidak Tuntas 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkanhasil perhitungan data hasil belajar post-tes siswa yang berjumlah 24 orang diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 80,54. Siswa yang telah mendapat nilai mencapai kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal ≥ 72 sebanyak 24 orang 100 %. Sedangkan siswa yang mendapat nilai dibawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) sebanyak 0 orang 0 %. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan siswa setelah penerapan model Quantum Learning termasuk dalam kategori tuntas. Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata nilai ( pre-test) sebelum pembelajaran dilakukan diperoleh nilai 28 sedangkan pada tes akhir (post-tes) rata-rata nilai siswa yaitu sebesar 80,54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 370, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 392, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Normalitas setelah dilakukannya perhitungan rata-rata dari simpangan baku dari pre-test dan post-test selanjutnya diadakan uji normalitas yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kenormalan dari data dalam penelitian. Untuk menghitung uji normalitas data menggunakan rumus uji kecocokan χ2 ( chi-kuadrat ) dengan taraf kepercayaan 0,05. Berdasarkan ketentuan penghitangan statistik mengenai uji normalitas data, jika 𝜒 2 hitung < 𝜒 2 tabel maka data berdistribusi normal, dengan 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan (dk= k – 1), dimana n adalah banyak kelas interval.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 482, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 504, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Normalitas Post-test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 524, "width": 386, "height": 57, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝝌 𝟐 hitung DK 𝝌 𝟐 tabel Kesimpulan Pret-test 0,9739 5 11,07 Normal Post-test 1,3173 5 11,07 Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 470, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pada tabel 4.4 diatas diperoleh 𝜒 2 hitung tes akhir adalah 1,3173 dan nilai 𝜒 2 tabel adalah 11,07. Hal ini berarti 𝜒 2 hitung < 𝜒 2 tabel .Dengan demikian kesimpulan bahwa data post-test berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 630, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 651, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah diketahui bahwa tes awal dan akhir berdistribusi normal maka selanjutnya melakukan uji hipotesis data hasil tes akhir ( Post-test) menggunakan uji-z. dalam penelitian ini adalah “Hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpanga Gegas Temuan tahun ajaran 2021/2022 setelah penerapan model Example non Example secara signifikan tuntas” Hasil uji hipoteis dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 75, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 96, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 118, "width": 318, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Z hitung DK Z tabel Kesimpulan 11,83 24 1,64 Z hitung > Z tabel H α diterima dan Hο ditolak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis yang telah dilakukan maka dapat dikatakan bahwa data pre-test dan post-test berdistribusi normal. Karena data dinyatakan berdistribusi normal dan simpangan baku telah diketahui. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh Z hitung = 11,83 dengan Z tabel = 1,64. Dengan demikian Z hitung (11,83) > Z tabel (1,64), sehingga dalam hal ini Hο ditolak dan Hα diterima. Maka dari hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima kebenarannya, artinya model pembelajaran Example non Example dapat dikatakan menuntaskan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika kelas III SD Simpang Gegas Temuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 471, "height": 85, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa penilain penerapan model oleh ahli model berhasil meningkatkan rata-rata dari tes awal 28 meningkatkan menjadi 80,54. Hal ini layak diuji cobakan dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini layak untuk uji cobakan dengan revisi sesuai saran tanpa menjatuhkan. Berdasarkan data setelah diterapkan model dan dilakukannya uji pre-test dan post-test mengalami peningkatan, menunjukan bahwa dalam penerapan model Example Non Example yang telah diperbaiki berdasarkan perhitungan data yang diperoleh dengan skor rata-rata 80,54% dengan kriteria “Sangat Valid” dapat diartikan bahwa penerapan model Example Non Example layak digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 421, "width": 471, "height": 111, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelaksanaan uji pre-test dan post-test yang dilakukan oleh seluruh kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa respon peserta didik dari uji pre-test pada pembelajaran Matematika adalah sangat praktis dengan skor rata-rata 28%, sedangakan uji post-test pada pembelajaran Matematika adalah dengan skor rata-rata 80,54%. Kemudian uji respon guru model Example Non Example pada pembelajaran Matematika adalah sangat memuaskan. Berdasarkan persentase keseluruhan nilai dari analisis perhitungan uji pre-test dan post-test yang dilakukan, uji kepraktisan model pembelajaran Example Non Example tergolong dalam kategori sangat praktis dengan persentase 82,5% artinya model pembelajaran Example Non Example yang telah diterapkan sudah praktis untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 551, "width": 70, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 565, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan penerapan model Example non Example untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata pre-test (tes awal) adalah 28 dan simpangan baku yaitu 6,14, sedangkan nilai rata-rata post-test (tes akhir) kelas eksperimen yaitu 80,54 dengan simpangan baku yaitu 5,18 dan hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh Z hitung > Z tabel yaitu Z hitung = 11,83 dan Z tabel = 1,64 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar Matematika dengan menggunakan model Example non Example siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan secara signifikan tuntas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 669, "width": 126, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 683, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dosen pembimbing Dr. Dodik Mulyono, M.Pd dan Aswarliansyah, M.Pd yang telah memberikan arahan dan dukungan sehingga penelitian ini terlaksana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 \| Nomor 1 \| April 2022 \| E-ISSN: 2798-365X \| DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dengan baik. Begitupun dengan rekan-rekan tim peneliti yang tentunya dapat berperan penting dalam pelaksaan ini. Teruntuk semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proses penyelesaiian penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 111, "width": 56, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 133, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aji, G. W., & Sary, R. M. (2018). Keefektifan Model Example Non-Example Berbantu Media Visetaterhadap Hasil Belajar Ipa Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Malih Peddas (Majalah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar) , 8 (1), 91. https://doi.org/10.26877/malihpeddas.v8i1.2677", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 182, "width": 276, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arikunto, S. (2010). Manajemen Penelitian . 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0c8287ea-5f0f-dcdd-5e60-69acc1a6caea	https://jurnal.darmaagung.ac.id/index.php/jurnaluda/article/download/4220/3720	[ { "left": 72, "top": 671, "width": 110, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "History: Received : 25 Fehuari 2024 Revised : 10 Maret 2024 Accepted : 29 Maret 2024 Published : 16 April 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 671, "width": 198, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Publisher: LPPM Universitas Darma Agung Licensed: This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 19, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Darma Agung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 233, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 32, Nomor: 2, (2024), April: 550 - 563 https://dx.doi.org.10.46930/ojsuda.v32i2.4220", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 445, "top": 33, "width": 97, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P-ISSN:0852-7296 E-ISSN:2654-3915", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 464, "height": 70, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENGARUH PENGAWASAN DAN PROFESIONALISME TERHADAP KINERJA INSPEKTUR BANDAR UDARA PADA DIREKTORAT BANDAR UDARA DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PERHUBUNGAN UDARA KEMENTERIAN PERHUBUNGAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 168, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 184, "width": 375, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik Universitas Satyagama, Jakarta, Indonesia 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 200, "width": 451, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia 2) Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 233, "width": 307, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[email protected] 1) , [email protected] 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 264, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 284, "width": 471, "height": 212, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya masalah kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan. Masalah kinerja tersebut, di sebabkan kurang efektifnya pengawasan dan rendahnya profesionalisme. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengawasan dan profesionalisme terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan baik secara parsial maupun bersama-sama. Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 142 orang. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, kuesioner dan studi pustaka. Statistik dekriptif, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta hipotesis analisis data penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengawasan dan profesionalisme terbukti secara positif dan nyata berpengaruh terhadap kinerja secara parsial maupun secara bersama-sama. Pertama, terdapat pengaruh positif dan nyata pengawasan terhadap kinerja sebesar 73,3%. Kedua, terdapat pengaruh positif dan nyata profesionalisme terhadap kinerja sebesar 67,7%. Ketiga, terdapat pengaruh positif pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja sebesar 72,9%. Sebagai simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan dapat dicapai melalui efektifnya pengawasan dan tingginya profesionalisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: kinerja, pengawasan, profesionalisme", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 535, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 555, "width": 470, "height": 104, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This research was motivated by problems with the performance of Airport Inspectors at the Airport Directorate of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation. These performance problems are caused by ineffective supervision and low professionalism. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of supervision and professionalism on the performance of Airport Inspectors at the Airport Directorate of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation, both partially and jointly. The sampling technique used a total sampling of 142 people. This research method is a quantitative method with regression analysis. Data collection techniques use documentation techniques, questionnaires and literature studies. Descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, as well as hypotheses for analyzing this research data. The research results show that supervision", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "551", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 470, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "and professionalism have been proven to have a positive and real influence on performance, both partially and jointly. First, there is a positive and real influence of supervision on performance of 73.3%. Second, there is a positive and real influence of professionalism on performance of 67.7%. Third, there is a positive influence of supervision and professionalism together on performance of 72.9%. The conclusion of this research is that the performance of Airport Inspectors at the Airport Directorate of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transportation can be achieved through effective supervision and high professionalism..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 162, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: performance, supervision, professionalism", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 102, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Negara Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang terdiri dari ribuan pulau dan hamparan daratan luas di sepanjang garis khatulistiwa antara dua benua dan dua samudera (Sukamto 2017). Salah satu alat transportasi yang menghubungkan wilayah dan kepulauan di Indonesia adalah pesawat terbang. Akomodasi bandar udara merupakan bagian dari sistem bandar udara untuk menunjang kelancaran dan kenyamanan pengguna bandar udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 303, "width": 471, "height": 304, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor: KM 166 Tahun 2019 tentang Tatanan Kebandarudaraan Nasional, tercatat ada sebanyak 301 bandar udara yang di seluruh Indonesia antara lain 2 (dua) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas I Utama , 12 (dua belas) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas I, 23 (dua puluh tiga) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas II, 121 (seratus dua puluh satu) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas III, 18 (delapan belas) bandar udara dikelola oleh Satuan Pelayanan Bandar Udara, 15 (lima belas) bandar udara dikelola oleh Angkasa Pura I, 20 (dua puluh) bandar udara dikelola oleh Angkasa Pura II, 1 (satu) bandar udara dikelola Badan BP Batam, Sisanya dikelola oleh Pemerintah Daerah dan Badan Hukum Indonesia yang mengelola bandar udara khusus. Berdasarkan Rencana Strategis Nasional Direktorat Bandar Udara Tahun 2020-2024 telah ditetapkan Proyek Strategis Nasional Sektor Bandar Udara meliputi 8 (delapan) pembangunan bandar udara baru, 29 (dua puluh sembilan) pengembangan bandar udara prioritas di daerah terisolir, perbatasan dan rawa bencana, 7 (tujuh) bandar udara untuk mendukung pada kawasan strategis (KEK dan KI), 5 (lima) pembangunan bandar udara perairan, 1 (satu) bandar udara baru sebagai bandar udara pendukung IKN serta rencana pembangunan bandar udara sebanyak 21 (dua puluh satu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 611, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan mengatur perhubungan udara termasuk kebandarudaraan di Indonesia saat ini termuat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan (Hidayat 2020). Undang-undang ini mengatur mengenai penyelenggaraan bandar udara sebagai pusat pelayanan penerbangan dan sektor usaha yang efisien, efektif dan mampu meningkatkan perekonomian daerah. Undang-undang tersebut juga mengatur persyaratan, prosedur dan standar bandar udara, tata letak bandar udara nasional,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "552", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keputusan bandar udara, keputusan operasional, fasilitas dan personel, pengelolaan kawasan lingkungan kerja, dan kawasan keamanan penerbangan di sekitar bandar udara untuk tujuan keselamatan dan keamanan, serta keberlanjutan lingkungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain itu dalam undang-undang ini diatur tentang operasional bandara, pemisahan yang jelas antara lembaga administratif dan operator bandara diterapkan melalui pembentukan Otoritas Bandara, dengan peluang bagi sektor swasta dan pemerintah daerah untuk berpartisipasi dalam operasional bandara. Badan pengaturnya adalah pemerintah melalui Direktorat Bandar Udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 363 Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Perhubungan, disebutkan bahwa Direktorat Bandar Udara mempunyai tugas melaksanakan perumusan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan, penyusunan norma, standar, prosedur dan kriteria, pemberian bimbingan teknis dan supervisi, serta evaluasi dan pelaporan di bidang bandar udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu jabatan fungsional pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan adalah Inspektur Bandar Udara. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara, Pasal 1 angka 3, jabatan fungsional adalah sekelompok jabatan yang berisi fungsi dan tugas berkaitan dengan pelayanan fungsional yang berdasarkan pada keahlian dan keterampilan tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya menurut Peraturan Menteri yang sama disebutkan bahwa Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara adalah jabatan yang mempunyai ruang lingkup, tugas, tanggung jawab, wewenang, dan hak untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pengendalian dan pengawasan keselamatan operasi Bandar Udara, serta peningkatan pelayanan di bidang kebandarudaraan sesuai dengan kewenangan dan peraturan peraturan perundang-undangan dan ketentuan (Pasal 1 angka 6). Pejabat Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara yang selanjutnya disebut Inspektur Bandar Udara adalah PNS yang diberi tugas, tanggung jawab, wewenang, dan hak secara penuh oleh Pejabat yang Berwenang untuk melakukan pembinaan teknis di bidang kebandarudaraan (Pasal 1 angka 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 157, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kebandarudaraan adalah segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan Bandar Udara dan kegiatan lainnya dalam melaksanakan fungsi keselamatan, keamanan, kelancaran, dan ketertiban arus lalu lintas pesawat udara, penumpang, kargo dan/atau pos, tempat perpindahan intra dan/atau antarmoda serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dan daerah (Pasal 1 angka 8). Bandar Udara adalah kawasan di daratan dan/atau perairan dengan batas-batas tertentu yang digunakan sebagai tempat pesawat udara mendarat dan lepas landas, naik turun penumpang, bongkar muat barang, dan tempat perpindahan intra dan antarmoda transportasi, yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan, serta fasilitas pokok dan fasilitas penunjang lainnya (Pasal 1 angka 9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "553", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 2 Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara, bahwa Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara termasuk dalam klasifikasi/rumpun pengawas kualitas dan keamanan. Selanjutnya disebutkan dalam Pasal 4 ayat (1), (2) dan (3), bahwa Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara merupakan jabatan fungsional kategori keahlian, yang terdiri atas: a. Inspektur Bandar Udara Ahli Pertama; b. Inspektur Bandar Udara Ahli Muda; dan c. Inspektur Bandar Udara Ahli Madya. Inspektur Bandar Udara dimaksud, terdiri atas: a. Bidang Sisi Udara; dan b. Bidang Sisi Darat. Pasal 5, peraturan yang sama menyebutkan bahwa tugas Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara, yaitu melaksanakan kegiatan pembinaan teknis pengaturan, pengendalian, pengawasan, investigasi dan pelayanan keselamatan operasi bandar udara di bidang kebandarudaraan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 270, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penyusunan konsep awal rincian teknis model peraturan, ketentuan, peraturan, pedoman, standar, sistem dan prosedur di bidang penerbangan merupakan tugas inspektur bandar udara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 7 Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 474, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tugas dan uraian fungsi tersebut di atas, Inspektur Bandara mempunyai tugas melaksanakan tanggung jawab operasional sebagai wujud tanggung jawab untuk mencapai visi, misi, maksud dan tujuan angkutan udara khususnya bandar udara sesuai dengan tugasnya. dan wewenangnya untuk dipertimbangkan setiap tahun dalam Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terwujudnya akuntabilitas kinerja tersebut, memerlukan pengawasan yang efektif dan profesionalisme petugas pemeriksa bandar udara yang sehat mental, berwibawa, efisien dan efektif, berkualitas, sadar akan tugasnya sebagai aparatur sipil negara. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa salah indikator keberhasilan pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan pemerintahanan salah satunya adalah pencapaian kinerja yang sesuai dengan visi dan misi pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 529, "width": 471, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada saat ini pengaturan kinerja aparatur sipil negara diatur oleh Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengelolaan Kinerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 578, "width": 474, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada instansi pemerintah seperti Direktorat Bandara, kinerja merupakan respon terhadap berhasil tidaknya tujuan awal program kerja dan kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan. Permasalahan kinerja sangatlah penting, karena kinerja merupakan salah satu tolak ukur kualitas organisasi yang sangat penting. Oleh karena itu, keberhasilan Direktorat Bandara sebagai suatu organisasi merupakan suatu dorongan untuk meningkatkan kinerja, yaitu tingkat keberhasilan dalam menyelesaikan tugas dan mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari pengamatan peneliti secara garis besar permasalahan pokok Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan saat ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "554", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "adalah masalah pentingnya peningkatan kinerja. Secara internal permasalahan kinerja Inspektur Bandara antara lain kualitas dan kuantitas kerja yang dihasilkan belum sesuai harapan. Ditandai kurangnya penguasaan pengetahuan di bidangnya, rendahnya komitmen pada kualitas kerja, minimnya dedikasi kerja, serta kurangnya kesadaran keinginan untuk membantu sesama aparat atau dengan bawahan dalam bekerja dan rendahnya tingkat motivasi yang dimiliki oleh para pegawai, sehingga berakibat terhadap kinerja baik secara individu maupun secara organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan saat ini diduga secara garis besar disebabkan faktor adalah kurang efektifnya pengawasan dan masih rendahnya profesionalisme. Masalah pengawasan dapat diketahui antara lain belum sepenuhnya diterapkan standar pengawasan, seperti pengawasan preventif, pengawasan semasa dan pengawasan umpan balik dalam upaya mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran atau penyimpangan yang lebih jauh lagi, sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan dalam pelaksanaan tugas atau kinerja. Demikian pula masih kurang efektifnya tindakan korektif pengawasan terutama penindakan dan pemberian sanksi kepada aparat yang diduga melakukan penyimpangan atau melanggar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya pengawasan diteliti dikarenakan bahwa efektifnya pengawasan adalah salah satu hal penting dalam fungsi manajemen dalam upaya tercapainya secara efisien dan efektif tujuan organisasi. Dengan efektifnya pengawasan, maka tujuan yang ditetapkan sebelumnya dapat tercapai sesuai dengan target. Sedangkan apabila tidak dilakukan pengawasan akan mendorong adanya tindak penyimpangan baik karena kekeliruan ataupun sengaja. Oleh karena itu pengawasan mutlak diperlukan dalam setiap pelaksanaan kegiatan dan dalam bentuk organisasi manapun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan adanya pengawasan dapat membantu pegawai mengembangkan wawasan dan membantu mempertahankan, serta menyempurnakan praktik secara baik dan optimal. Hal ini dapat membantu seorang pegawai belajar dari kesalahan, memperbaiki keadaan dan menghindari terulangnya kesalahan lagi di masa depan, yang pada gilirannya dapat membantu meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan mengarah pada perbaikan dalam pekerjaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan lainnya, yakni masalah profesionalisme, sebagian pegawai belum tahu aturan dan prosedur pekerjaaan secara rinci yang sebenarnya harus dikuasai. Juga sebagian pegawai belum sepenuhnya tahu/paham pengetahuan di bidangnya yang merupakan bagian dari tugas dan fungsinya. Demikian pula perlu ditingkatkan lagi masalah kemampuan dalam memecahkan masalah pekerjaan. Kesemuanya permasalahan dalam profesionalisme tersebut tentunya akan berpengaruh bagi tercapainya kinerja secara organisasi maupun individu yang pelaporan pertanggungjawabannya dalam Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "555", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya profesionalisme terhadap kinerja, dikarenakan perilaku profesional di tempat kerja diperlukan untuk keberhasilan jangka panjang suatu organisasi. Perilaku yang profesional memungkinkan pegawai merasa bangga dengan pekerjaannya, di mana sebagai seorang profesional, mampu menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan baik, sehingga akan berdampak positif bagi kinerja organisasi maupun secara individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 136, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 471, "height": 126, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan desain penelitian adalah penelitian eksplanatori. Menurut Sugiyono (2018:107), “penelitian eksplanatori adalah sebuah penelitian di mana dijelaskannya keberadaan variabel- variabel yang diteliti”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Pengawasan (X1) dan Profesionalisme (X2), baik secara parsial maupun kedua-duanya memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kinerja (Y) kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan. Sebanyak 142 responden sebagai sampel dari populasi berjumlah 220 orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 319, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Studi pustaka, studi dokumen dan observasi adalah teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini. Statistik dekriptif, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta hipotesis analisis data penelitian ini. Kantor Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan adalah lokasi penelitian ini. Selama 3 (tiga) bulan terhitung dari April 2023 - Juli 2023 adalah waktu penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 416, "width": 167, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 471, "height": 110, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel Pengawasan (X1) diperoleh deskripsi data statistik: angka minimal 3.60, angka maksimal 4.73, rentang nilai 1.13, rata-rata 4.3101, simpangan baku 0.34266. Variabel Profesionalisme (X2) diperoleh deskripsi data: angka minimal sebesar 3.73, angka maksimal sebesar 4.87, rentang nilai 1.14, rata-rata 4.4144, simpangan baku 0.34270. Variabel Kinerja (Y) diperoleh deskripsi data: angka minimal sebesar 4.07, angka maksimal sebesar 4.93, rentang nilai 0.86, rata-rata 4.5903, simpangan baku 0.25855.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 157, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil uji validitas, nilai r-hitung untuk uji validitas instrumen variabel Pengawasan (X1) > 0,186 atau r-tabel dengan 0,05 sebagai taraf signifikansi, karenanya dapat dinyatakan keseluruhan butir pernyataan variabel pengawasan dalam kuesioner penelitian ini adalah valid. Nilai r-hitung untuk uji validitas instrumen variabel Profesionalisme (X2) > r-tabel (0,186) dengan 0,05 sebagai taraf signifikansi, sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa seluruh butir pernyataan variabel profesionalisme dalam kuesioner penelitian ini adalah valid. Nilai r-hitung untuk uji validitas instrumen variabel Kinerja (Y) > r-tabel (0,186) dengan 0,05 sebagai taraf signifikansi, sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa seluruh butir pernyataan variabel kinerja dalam kuesioner penelitian ini adalah valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "556", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji reliabilitas diperoleh nilai Alpha Cronbach variabel Pengawasan (X1) dengan angka 0.757, Profesionalisme (X2) dengan angka 0.755 dan Kinerja (Y) dengan angka 0.758. Dari uji reliabilitas di atas, maka angka Alpha Cronbach keseluruhan variabel penelitian angkanya di atas 0,70, yang artinya sebagai alat pengumpul data sudah termasuk baik dan cukup dipercaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis pertama, diperoleh nilai thitung adalah 19.594 dan nilai ttabel df (140) adalah sebesar 1.982. Berarti t hitung (19.594) > t tabel (1,982), maka variabel pengawasan secara sendiri berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap kinerja. Oleh karena itu , pernyataan “terdapat besar pengaruh pengawasan terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan” dapat diterima dan hipotesis terbukti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis kedua, diperoleh nilai t hitung 17.111 adalah dan nilai t tabel df (140) adalah sebesar 1,982. Berarti t hitung (17.111) > t tabel (1,982), maka variabel profesionalisme secara sendiri berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap kinerja. Oleh karena itu , pernyataan “terdapat besar pengaruh profesionalisme terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan” dapat diterima dan hipotesis terbukti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis ketiga, diperoleh nilai F hitung adalah 191.058 dan nilai F tabel df (139) adalah sebesar 3,08. Berarti F hitung (191.058) > F tabel (3,08), maka variabel pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap kinerja. Oleh karena itu , pernyataan “terdapat besar pengaruh pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan” dapat diterima dan hipotesis terbukti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil kajian hipotesis pertama diperoleh bahwa pengawasan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 73,3%. Pelaksanaan fungsi pengawas bandara pada Direktorat Bandara meliputi penggunaan metode kerja dan praktik kerja untuk mendukung pencapaian hasil yang diharapkan. Menurut batasan Sule dan Saefullah (2005:317), pengawasan adalah proses penentuan ukuran kinerja dan kegiatan yang dapat mendukung pencapaian hasil yang diharapkan berdasarkan kegiatan yang direncanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa indikator-indikator dalam pengawasan yang mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara adalah sebagai berikut: inspeksi, pengawasan preventif, dan sanksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Inspeksi merupakan pengawasan langsung terjun ke lapangan untuk mengetahui terjadi tidak suatu penyimpangan. Inspeksi adalah memeriksa dan apakah adanya dbutirukan adanya kesalahan. Pemeriksaan adalah pengamatan terhadap aktivitas dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "557", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "aktivitas di suatu kawasan. Pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk melihat mana yang buruk dan mana yang baik (Jatmika, 2012:2). Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan sengaja dan dapat disesuaikan sewaktu-waktu untuk menarik kesimpulan dari pengamatan. Pemeriksaan dilanjutkan dengan tindakan yang dianggap perlu berdasarkan hasil penilaian. Cara ini sangat efektif karena mengutamakan kontak langsung antara pemimpin dan bawahan. Selain itu, kesulitan dapat diidentifikasi dengan jelas dan diterangkan dalam laporan tertulis dengan tidak terpengaruh pendapat bawahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 471, "height": 223, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain itu dalam pengawasan untuk mendukung terwujudnya kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan adalah standar pengawasan berupa pengawasan preventif. Pengawasan preventif fokus pada pemeliharaan dan peningkatan nilai, dengan prinsip menjamin otonomi operasional organisasi yang berdaya saing dan meningkatkan efisiensi internal organisasi. Melalui pengawasan preventif ini, dapat dihindari timbulnya kesalahanan/kekeliruan dalam pekerjaan (Simbolon, 2004:62). Pada dasarnya pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh instansi pemerintah seperti Direktorat Bandara adalah untuk mencegah terjadinya penyimpangan pengelolaan dana masyarakat yang membebani pemerintah dan menimbulkan kerugian yang lebih besar. Saat ini, tujuan pengawasan tersebut adalah untuk memastikan program dan sistem pengelolaan anggaran perusahaan berjalan sesuai rencana. Pengawasan preventif akan lebih efisien dan efektif bila dilakukan dengan benar oleh manajemen dan potensi ketidaksesuaian dapat dideteksi sejak dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 416, "width": 471, "height": 206, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya adalah sanksi, dalam konteks pekerjaan, sanksi juga dapat berarti hukuman yang dijatuhkan kepada seorang karyawan karena kinerjanya yang tidak memuaskan atau kesalahan yang dilakukannya. Sanksi tersebut dapat mencakup tindakan hukuman, seperti hilangnya gaji atau penurunan pangkat. Sanksi adalah kewajiban, tugas, atau hukuman yang memaksa orang untuk memenuhi kontrak atau mengikuti ketentuan hukum. (Ali, 2015:193). Pemberian sanksi dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan dilakukan apabila dbutirukan pelanggaran-pelanggaran hukum atau tindakan yang dianggap merugikan kepentingan orang banyak, sehingga merugikan tujuan untuk mewujudkan kinerja yang optimal. Sanksi dapat diberikan berupa sanksi administrasi atau saksi lainnya berdasarkan aturan berlaku. Pemberian sanksi berdasarkan tingkat pelanggaran/kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh yang bersangkutan. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatkan bahwa indikator sanksi dalam pengawasan berperan dan upaya meningkatkan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil kajian hipotesis kedua diperoleh bahwa profesionalisme memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 67,7%. Profesionalisme berarti secara konsisten mencapai standar yang tinggi, dalam pekerjaan yang dilakukan dan cara berperilaku. Menurut Andreassena dan Natland (2022:631), profesionalisme berarti komitmen yang lebih besar untuk melakukan pekerjaan dengan baik dibandingkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "558", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keuntungan ekonomi, dan terhadap kualitas daripada efisiensi. Gagasan tentang panggilan, atau keharusan moral untuk mengorbankan kepentingan pribadi demi melindungi dan mendukung kepentingan orang lain, merupakan inti dari profesionalisme. Dapat dikatakan profesionalisme memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa indikator-indikator dalam profesionalisme yang mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara adalah sebagai berikut: mampu memecahkan masalah pekerjaan, jujur dan tanggung jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 471, "height": 174, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator pemecahan masalah adalah suatu proses yang melibatkan observasi sistematis dan pemikiran kritis untuk menemukan solusi atau cara yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Kerangka pemecahan masalah terdiri dari dua keterampilan utama: observasi dan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pemecahan masalah adalah kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah, bertukar pikiran dan menganalisis jawaban, serta menerapkan solusi terbaik (Djamarah, 2002:102). Seorang pegawai dengan keterampilan pemecahan masalah yang baik adalah orang yang bisa memulai sendiri dan menjadi rekan tim yang kolaboratif; mereka proaktif dalam memahami akar masalah dan bekerja sama dengan orang lain untuk mempertimbangkan berbagai solusi sebelum memutuskan bagaimana langkah selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemecahan masalah adalah tentang menggunakan logika, serta imajinasi, untuk memahami situasi dan menghasilkan solusi yang cerdas. Faktanya, pemecah masalah terbaik secara aktif mengantisipasi potensi masalah di masa depan dan bertindak untuk mncegahnya atau mengurangi dampaknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 471, "height": 157, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah terkait pengambilan keputusan, di mana pemecahan masalah melibatkan analisis situasi, mengidentifikasi solusi potensial, dan memilih tindakan terbaik. Proses ini dapat membantu meningkatkan keterampilan pengambilan keputusan, memungkinkan membuat pilihan yang lebih tepat berdasarkan bukti dan logika. Juga meningkatkan efisiensi, yaitu saat menghadapi suatu masalah, kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi akar permasalahan dan menemukan solusi dapat membantu menghemat waktu, uang, dan sumber daya. Dengan mampu menyelesaikan masalah dengan cepat dan efektif, maka dapat membantu meningkatkan efisiensi di tempat kerja. Problem solving merupakan unsur penting dari profesionalisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator jujur adalah mengatakan kebenaran, berbicara kebenaran, bekerja dengan kebenaran, dan mencintai kebenaran. Menurut Cherrington (2015:3), kejujuran berarti bebas dari kebohongan dan ketidakterbukaan, bersikap terbuka dan jujur dalam bertransaksi, serta bersikap adil dan adil dalam cara memperlakukan orang lain. Pegawai yang jujur tidak mengatakan hal-hal yang ia tahu tidak benar, ia tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "559", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mengambil sesuatu yang bernilai milik orang lain, ia tidak dengan sadar memberikan kesan palsu, dan mengikuti aturan-aturan yang telah disetujui.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 471, "height": 110, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bagi institusi pemerintahan dalam rangka akuntabilitas, kejujuran adalah paradigma budaya yang mencakup kepercayaan, integritas, etika, dan banyak lagi. Kejujuran di tempat kerja mendorong rasa percaya di antara pegawai, organisasi, dan masyarakat. Melalui kejujuran mendorong anggota tim membantu membangun hubungan yang kuat satu sama lain dan dengan pemangku kepentingan. Kualitas ini dapat membantu meningkatkan produktivitas kerja secara keseluruhan dan mencapai lebih banyak kesuksesan sebagai sebuah tim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya jujur dalam bekerja berarti kita harus jelas dan terbuka dengan semua orang. Ketika kita melakukannya, hal itu menunjukkan kepercayaan dan menciptakan lingkungan transparansi di organisasi. Jujur dalam bekerja merupakan langkah penting untuk membangun integritas di tempat kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menciptakan suasana kejujuran juga memupuk lingkungan untuk akuntabilitas dan tanggung jawab diri sendiri. Semakin jujur atau transparan dalam lingkungan kerja, semakin bahagia pegawainya. Semakin bahagia pegawai, semakin produktif. Pada akhirnya, kejujuran membangun kepercayaan pada organisasi dan kepercayaan pada kepemimpinan. Menyuarakan kejujuran dalam bekerja memungkinkan kita semua untuk mengidentifikasi masalah untuk memperbaikinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kejujuran akan memperkuat lingkungan kerja. Ketika pegawai merasa mereka dapat mempercayai atasannya, mereka lebih mungkin membantu membangun etika kerja yang baik dan melakukan hal yang benar, membuat tempat kerja menjadi lingkungan yang terbuka dimana setiap orang dapat berkomunikasi dengan bebas dan nyaman. Hal yang sama berlaku untuk pemangku kepentingan jika kita jujur dengannya, mereka akan berterima kasih dan lebih cenderung mempercayai kita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator tanggung jawab adalah terselesaikannya pekerjaan yang tercantum dalam uraian tugas dan mematuhi kebijakan dan prosedur organisasi secara profesional dan dengan kemampuan terbaiknya. Ketika pegawai bertanggung jawab di tempat kerja, pegawai tersebut menjadikan dirinya sebagai pegawai yang berharga dan rekan kerja yang dapat diandalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tanggung jawab penting di tempat kerja karena menunjukkan profesionalisme, dapat memajukan karir, membantu membangun ikatan profesional dengan rekan kerja, dan menunjukkan kepemimpinan organisasi bahwa ia adalah pegawai yang berharga. Pimpinan akan menghargai pegawai yang menunjukkan tanggung jawab karena tahu bahwa mereka dapat mempercayai untuk menyelesaikan tugas tepat waktu dan mengirimkan pekerjaan berkualitas tinggi. Pegawai yang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab adalah para profesional dengan etos kerja yang konsisten yang mengambil tindakan setiap hari menuju tujuan profesionalnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pegawai yang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab bekerja akan memajukan kesuksesan organisasi atau institusi tempat bekerja dan berusaha untuk melakukan tugasnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "560", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sehari-hari dengan baik. Pegawai yang bertanggung jawab terlibat dalam aktivitas sehari-harinya dan membangun budaya akuntabilitas yang memajukan karier individu dan meningkatkan produktivitas organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tanggung jawab di tempat kerja menunjukkan etos kerja seorang pegawai. Menjadi pegawai yang bertanggung jawab menunjukkan bahwa ia bangga dengan pekerjaannya dan memvalidasi nilai dirinya. Pegawai yang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab akan membantu menyediakan konsistensi dan keamanan bagi organisasi atau lembaga. Dengan memiliki rasa tanggung jawab di tempat kerja, hal tersebut merupakan aset bagi organisasi dan memunculkan keamanan kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil kajian hipotesis ketiga diperoleh bahwa pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 73,3%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Mangkunegara (2011:67), kinerja adalah hasil kerja yang dapat dicapai pegawai secara kualitas dan kuantitas dengan melakukan pekerjaan sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya. Kinerja menurut Mangkunegara (2011:67), adalah hasil kerja yang secara kualitas dan kuantitas dapat dicapai oleh seorang pegawai dalam melaksanakan tugas sesuai tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 367, "width": 471, "height": 45, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa indikator-indikator yang mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara adalah sebagai berikut: ketelitian, kemampuan analisis dan kemampuan membuat keputusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 416, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator ketelitian mempunyai peran penting dalam mewujudkan kinerja yang lebih baik lagi. Ketelitian adalah sejauh mana pekerjaan telah diselesaikan, dengan semua detail tercakup, menghindari keharusan melakukan pekerjaan lebih lanjut untuk menyelesaikannya. Menurut Kelly (2020:135), ketelitian mencakup pemikiran ke depan dan komitmen untuk melakukan apa pun yang diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa setiap bagian tugas diselesaikan, bahkan jika ada tambahan waktu. Ketelitian adalah komponen penting keberhasilan dalam bekerja. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pegawai yang teliti, berorientasi pada detail, dan terorganisir dengan baik cenderung tidak hanya menjadi pegawai yang lebih baik, namun juga menjadi pegawai yang lebih efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 578, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketelitian adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang akan mengurangi efektivitas pekerjaan. Untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan baik, kita harus terlebih dahulu mengidentifikasi tujuan akhirnya. Kemudian, pertimbangkan apa yang diperlukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dengan sukses. Misalnya, seorang pegawai yang teliti mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh perhatian dan selalu mengingat tenggat waktu. Saat berbicara, dia menyampaikan semua informasi penting dan relevan untuk mengomunikasikan situasi secara utuh dan tidak menyesatkan. Dia bekerja secara efisien dan membersihkan sepenuhnya setelah proyek selesai. Ketelitian mencakup berpikir ke depan dan berkomitmen melakukan apa pun untuk memastikan bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "561", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "setiap bagian tugas diselesaikanbahkan jika diperlukan waktu, tenaga, atau perhatian tambahan. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa indikator ketelitian sebagai bentuk kualitas kerja mempunyai peran penting dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator kemampuan analisis mempunyai peran penting dalam mewujudkan kinerja yang kebih baik lagi. Kemampuan analisis adalah suatu kemampuan untuk menganalisis suatu masalah dan menemukan solusinya. Ini adalah cara untuk memproses dan memecah informasi yang kompleks. Pemikiran analitis berguna dalam mengidentifikasi hubungan sebab akibat dan membuat hubungan antara dua faktor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemampuan analitis adalah sifat dan kemampuan yang memungkinkan seoang pegawai mengamati, meneliti, dan menafsirkan suatu subjek untuk mengembangkan ide dan solusi yang kompleks. Ketika pegawai menggunakan kemampuan ini secara bersamaan, itu adalah pemikiran analitis. Pegawai yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir analitis praktis dapat dengan cepat menganalisis situasi, topik, atau masalah dan sering kali bekerja dengan baik dalam tim untuk mencapai tujuan. Kemampuan analitis berkonotasi dengan kemampuan umum seseorang untuk sampai pada kesimpulan logis atau solusi terhadap masalah yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 335, "width": 471, "height": 206, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Malalui kemampuan analisis berguna menemukan solusi terhadap masalah yang kompleks dan menganalisis suatu situasi. Pegawai dapat menggunakan kemampuan ini untuk melakukan brainstorming ide-ide baru. Ini juga berguna untuk mengumpulkan dan menafsirkan data untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut. Dalam situasi di mana seseorang pegawai berusaha mengembangkan keyakinan dan persepsi terhadap suatu ide, berpikir kritis cenderung lebih efektif. Jenis pemikiran ini membantu individu mempertahankan argumen yang mendukung sudut pandang tertentu. Pegawai dapat menggunakannya untuk memahami apa yang memotivasinya dan menentukan tujuannya. Berkaitan dengan kinerja, bahwa pencapaian kinerja yang maksimal dapat tercapai apabila adanya dukungan dan peran kemampuan analisis seorang pegawai dalam bekerja. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa indikator kemampuan analisis mempunyai peran penting dalam mewujudkan kinerja yang lebih baik lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator kemampuan membuat keputusan adalah keterampilan yang membantu kemampuan seorang pegawai memilih solusi untuk tantangan. Dengan keterampilan ini, seorang pegawai dapat membuat keputusan setelah mengumpulkan semua informasi dan data yang relevan dan mempertimbangkan berbagai sudut pandang. Dapat juga dikatakan bahwa kemampuan membuat keputusan adalah semua keterampilan yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan yang rasional dan terinformasi. Seorang pegawai dengan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan yang baik di tempat kerja dapat menilai semua fakta, memahami keadaan saat ini dan tujuan organisasi dan memilih tindakan terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengambilan keputusan lebih dari sekadar hasil akhir. Berbagai jenis kemampuan digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan, termasuk kreativitas, kolaborasi, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "562", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keterampilan kepemimpinan. Pengambilan keputusan bukan hanya tentang fakta dan angka, tetapi juga membutuhkan pemikiran kreatif untuk melakukan brainstorming solusi yang mungkin tidak begitu mudah atau tradisional. Pembuat keputusan kreatif adalah mengembangkan ide dan solusi orisinal untuk memecahkan masalah. Selain itu, mereka berpikiran terbuka dan mau mencoba hal-hal baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keputusan yang baik memperhitungkan banyak ide dan perspektif. Keterampilan kolaborasi membantu menemukan solusi dengan bekerja sama dengan satu atau beberapa rekan tim. Melibatkan banyak orang dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dapat membantu menyatukan keahlian yang berbeda, memaparkan pada metode pemecahan masalah dan cara berpikir lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 238, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Meskipun kolaborasi seringkali penting untuk pengambilan keputusan yang baik, seseorang harus memimpin dan membuat keputusan akhir. Keterampilan kepemimpinan dapat membantu seseorang mempertimbangkan semua perspektif dan memutuskan solusi tunggal yang paling mewakili gagasan anggota tim. Seseorang tidak perlu menjadi manajer untuk memimpin dalam pengambilan keputusan. Bahkan jika ia tidak memiliki keputusan akhir, angkat bicara dan berbagi ide tidak hanya akan membantu menonjol di tempat kerja, tetapi juga membuktikan bahwa ia bisa menjadi pemimpin yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 70, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 400, "width": 443, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan di atas, diperoleh simpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 416, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Bahwa pengawasan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 448, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Bahwa profesionalisme berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 481, "width": 457, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Bahwa pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 529, "width": 457, "height": 61, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Bahwa pengawasan agar lebih ditingkatkan lagi dan dilaksanakan secara konkrit, sehingga kinerja menjadi lebih maksimal. Untuk itu direkomendasikan indikator inspeksi, pengawasan preventif, dan sanksi harus lebih diperhatikan, sehingga pengawasan diharapkan menjadi baik lagi ke depannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 594, "width": 457, "height": 77, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Bahwa profesionalisme agar lebih ditingkatkan lagi dan dilaksanakan secara konkrit, sehingga kinerja menjadi lebih maksimal. Untuk itu direkomendasikan indikator mampu memecahkan masalah pekerjaan, jujur dan tanggung jawab dalam profesionalisme harus lebih diperhatikan, sehingga profesionalisme diharapkan menjadi lebih baik lagi ke depannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 675, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Bahwa kinerja sebagai hasil kerja yang dapat dicapai pegawai secara kualitas dan kuantitas dengan melakukan pekerjaan sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya harus lebih baik lagi. Untuk itu direkomendasikan indikator", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "563", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 76, "width": 443, "height": 77, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ketelitian, kemampuan analisis dan kemampuan membuat keputusan dalam kinerja harus lebih diperhatikan disertai efektifnya pengawasan dan tingginya profesionalisme, sehingga kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan menjadi lebih baik lagi ke depannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 118, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 377, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ali, Mahrus. (2004). Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana . Sinar Grafika. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hidayat, Mhd Ridho. 2020. “Analisis Yuridis Kewenangan Otoritas Bandar Udara Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Penumpang Jasa Penerbangan.” Doktrina: Journal Of Law 3(1): 53 – 76.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mangkunegara, Anwar Prabu. (2011). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan . PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Simbolon, Maringan Masry. (2004). Dasar – Dasar Administrasi dan Manajemen . Ghalia Indonesia. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 319, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sugiyono. (2015). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D . CV Alfabeta, Bandung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 45, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sukamto, M E I. 2017. “Pengelolaan Potensi Laut Indonesia Dalam Spirit Ekonomi Islam (Studi Terhadap Eksplorasi Potensi Hasil Laut Indonesia).” Malia (Terakreditasi) 9(1): 35 – 62.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sule, Erni Trisnawati dan Kurniawan Saefullah (2005). Manajemen , Cetakan Pertama. Prenada Media. Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengelolaan Kinerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 529, "width": 471, "height": 29, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor: KM 166 Tahun 2019 tentang Tatanan Kebandarudaraan Nasional.", "type": "List item" } ]
f7ea207f-3ea7-6205-02f7-8a8e517793cd	http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/jkse/article/download/14494/9059	[ { "left": 318, "top": 685, "width": 73, "height": 3, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Ecconomics Research Network", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 644, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterbitkan bersama :", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 160, "top": 697, "width": 237, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Jaringan Riset Sosial Ekonomi", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 307, "top": 704, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelautan dan Perikanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": -539, "top": 730, "width": 246, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR PENELITIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN JL. KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260 Telp : 021-53650162 Fax : 021-53650159 Web : www.bbrse.kkp.go.id www.bbrse.net email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": -26, "top": 185, "width": 2, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUT", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": -26, "top": 478, "width": 2, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 452, "top": 27, "width": 112, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2089-6980", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 20, "top": 26, "width": 185, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 547, "width": 322, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi KP Vol. 14 Hal. 1 - 91 Jakarta", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 280, "top": 548, "width": 204, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Juni 2024 ISSN 2089-6980 No. 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": -548, "top": 755, "width": 225, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR RISET SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN Gedung BRSDM 2 KP Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924 Web : https://kkp.go.id/brsdm/sosek email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 581, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi RISTEKDIKTI : 200/M/KPT/2020", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 127, "width": 451, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 208, "top": 186, "width": 179, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 Nomor 1, Desember 2024", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 172, "top": 216, "width": 252, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penanggung Jawab : Kepala Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 260, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewan Redaksi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 280, "width": 177, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketua: Dr. Irwan Muliawan ( Ekonomi Sumber Daya )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 313, "width": 34, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggota:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 328, "width": 278, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prof. Dr. Harsuko Riniwati ( Sosial Ekonomi Perikanan ) Prof. Dr. Ir. Ketut Sukiyono., DipAgEc. MEc, (Ekonomi Pertanian) Dr. Armen Zulham (Sistem Usaha Perikanan) Dr. Yonvitner, S.Pi, M.Si. ( Dinamika Populasi & Lingkungan Perairan dan Sumberdaya Perikanan )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 397, "width": 245, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dr. Rani Hafsaridewi, S.K.M., M.Si. (Sistem Usaha Perikanan) Drs. Masyhuri Imron, MA ( Sosiologi ) Nendah Kurniasari, M. Si (Sosiologi & Kelembagaan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 453, "width": 182, "height": 97, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Redaksi Pelaksana : Sinta Nurwijayanti, M.A. Rizki Aprilian Wijaya, M.T. Dr. Subhechanis Saptanto Freshty Yulia Arthatiani, M.Si Badzlina Balqis, S.TP Rahadi Susetyo Frendly Muhammad, S.I.Kom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 566, "width": 108, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain dan Tata Letak : Ilham Ferbiansyah, S. Kom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 619, "width": 226, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alamat Redaksi : Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Gedung BRSDM KP 2 Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 672, "width": 171, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 229, "top": 685, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 696, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Online: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/jkse", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 460, "top": 66, "width": 79, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2089-6980", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 759, "width": 334, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal ini merupakan perubahan dari Jurnal Kebijakan dan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan dengan mengalami perubahan cover dan judul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 1545, "top": 685, "width": 73, "height": 3, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Ecconomics Research Network", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 1387, "top": 644, "width": 236, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterbitkan bersama : Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Jaringan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 689, "top": 730, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR PENELITIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN JL. KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 689, "top": 746, "width": 126, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Telp : 021-53650162 Fax : 021-53650159 Web : www.bbrse.kkp.go.id www.bbrse.net email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 1201, "top": 186, "width": 2, "height": 315, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUT AN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 1679, "top": 27, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2089-6980", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 1248, "top": 26, "width": 224, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 No. 1, Desember 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 1321, "top": 547, "width": 388, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi KP Vol. 14 Hal. 1 - 91 Jakarta Desember 2024 ISSN 2089-6980 No. 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 681, "top": 755, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR RISET SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 681, "top": 764, "width": 131, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gedung BRSDM 2 KP Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 681, "top": 784, "width": 112, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Web : https://kkp.go.id/brsdm/sosek email : [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 1435, "top": 581, "width": 187, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi RISTEKDIKTI : 200/M/KPT/2020", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 536, "top": 791, "width": 2, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 262, "top": 140, "width": 113, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KATA PENGANTAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 208, "width": 471, "height": 142, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berkat RahmatNya telah diselesaikan Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Volume 14 Nomor 1 Tahun 2024. Jurnal ini telah terakreditasi berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala LIPI Nomor 1221/E/2016 tanggal 22 September 2016 dengan Sertifikat Akreditasi No. 758/Akred/P2MI-LIPI/08/2016. Jurnal ini merupakan pengembangan dari Jurnal Kebijakan dan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan yg diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan RI Nomor 18/PERMEN-KP/2017 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, maka sejak tanggal 30 Maret 2017 terjadi perubahan nama nomenklatur organisasi dari Pusat Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan menjadi Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 356, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerbitan jurnal ini didanai oleh Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan. Informasi yang ditampilkan meliputi: (i) Analisis Kebijakan Zona Inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir, dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kepulauan Seribu; (ii) Urgensi Implementasi Konsep Ekonomi Biru dalam Tata Kelola Sektor Kelautan Indonesia; (iii) Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Kecamatan Girisubo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul; (iv) Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Ikan Berkelanjutan di Sungai Sengkarang, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah; (V) Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Pemanfaatan Rumpon Dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Laut Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Penangkapan Tuna di Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur); (vi) Aset Mata Pencaharian dan Efisiensi Model Rantai Pasok-Rantai Nilai Perikanan Tangkap Pelagis Kecil Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Saparua, dan; (vii) Analisis Budi Daya Lobster Berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 503, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan diterbitkannya jurnal ini, diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang ada kepada masyarakat dan menambah wawasan ilmu pengetahuan di bidang perikanan dan kelautan. Saran dan masukan dari pembaca sangat diharapkan guna kesempurnaan penerbitan jurnal ini dimasa mendatang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 458, "top": 619, "width": 32, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Redaksi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 4, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 127, "width": 471, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewan Redaksi Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan (JKSEKP) menyampaikan penghargaan dan terima kasih sebesar - besarnya kepada para Mitra Bestari yang telah berpartisipasi dalam menelaah naskah yang diterbitkan di jurnal ilmiah ini, sehingga jurnal ini dapat terbit tepat pada waktunya. Mitra Beestari yang berpartisipasi dalam terbitan Volume 14 Nomor 1, Juni 2024 adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 75, "width": 162, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 211, "width": 467, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Prof. Dra. Indah Susilowati, M.Sc. Ph.D (Ekonomi Sumber Daya dan Lingkungan - Universitas Diponegoro", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 230, "width": 384, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Achmad Zamroni, Ph.D (Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir - Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 250, "width": 309, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Dr. Ir. Edi Susilo, MS (Sosiologi Perikanan - Universitas Brawijaya)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 270, "width": 468, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Maulana Firdaus, Ph.D (Sistem Usaha Perikanan - Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 289, "width": 470, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Abdul Malik, S.T., M.Si., Ph.D. (Lingkungan Perairan dan Sumberdaya Perikanan - Universitas Negeri Makassar)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 323, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Maharani Yulisti, Ph.D (Sistem Usaha Pemasaran dan Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 357, "width": 409, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Dr. Budi Wardono (Sistem Usaha Pemasaran dan Perikanan- Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 376, "width": 371, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Dr. Najamuddin, ST, M.Si (Ilmu Kelautan dan Lingkungan - Universitas Khairun)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 395, "width": 357, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Dr. Benny Osta Nababan, S.Pi, M.Si (Ekonomi Sumber daya - IPB University)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 415, "width": 439, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10. Dr. Teuku Muttaqin Mansur, MH (Dinamika Pengelolaan Sumberdaya - Universitas Syiah Kuala)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 434, "width": 414, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11. Radityo Pramoda, S.H., S.E., M.M (Hukum & Kelembagaan- Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 454, "width": 369, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12. Riesti Triyanti, M. Ling (Sistem Usaha Perikanan - Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 473, "width": 452, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13. Andi Alamsyah Rivai, S.Pi., M.Si (Dinamika Pengelolaan Sumberdaya - Universitas Negeri Makassar)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 470, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14. Tenny Apriliani, M.Si. (Dinamika Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan - Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 532, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "iii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 163, "width": 421, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 217, "top": 184, "width": 176, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 Nomor 1, Tahun 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 440, "top": 108, "width": 85, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2089-6980", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 243, "width": 449, "height": 252, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR ISI Halaman KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................... i UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................................ ii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. iii Analisis Kebijakan Zona Inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir, dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kepulauan Seribu Oleh : Adi Muliadi, Soeryo Adiwibowo, Yonvitner, Donwill Panggabean, Eha Saleha, Rinda Noviyanti dan Jan Hotman ........................................................... 1 - 13 Urgensi Implementasi Konsep Ekonomi Biru dalam Tata Kelola Sektor Kelautan Indonesia Oleh : Muhammad Rafi Darajati .................................................................... 15 - 22 Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Kecamatan Girisubo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul Oleh : Alifa Putri Madina, Darsono dan Ernoiz Antriyandarti ................................... 23 - 36", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 502, "width": 445, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Ikan Berkelanjutan di Sungai Sengkarang, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah Oleh : Heri Ariadi, Ashari Fahrurrozi, Wijianto dan M. Bahrus Syakirin ....................... 37 - 45", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 555, "width": 375, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Pemanfaatan Rumpon Dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Laut Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Penangkapan Tuna di Kabupaten Pacitan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 581, "width": 442, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jawa Timur) Oleh : Riesti Triyanti, Yesi Dewita Sari, Cornelia Mirwantini Witomo, Hakim Miftakhul Huda dan Hertria Maharani Putri .................................... 47- 64", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 631, "width": 387, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aset Mata Pencaharian dan Efisiensi Model Rantai Pasok-Rantai Nilai Perikanan Tangkap", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 644, "width": 445, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelagis Kecil Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Saparua Oleh : Hermi Oppier, Fahruddin Ramly, Arsad Matdoan dan Hendri D. Hahury .............. 65 - 79 Analisis Budi Daya Lobster Berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Oleh : Abdari Rohmanurcaesari, Eva Anggraini dan Nurliah Buhari ............................. 81 - 91", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 534, "top": 791, "width": 5, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "v", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 305, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zona inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Pesisir dan Pulau- Pulau Kecil (KKP3K) dapat menghadapi ancaman antropogenik alami maupun karena dampak kebijakan dan ego sektoral. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aspek ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi di kawasan konservasi Kepulauan Seribu sehingga dapat menghasilkan skenario terbaik setelah terbitnya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 tahun 2021 tentang perubahan zona inti KKP3K. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan empiris. Data primer diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan wawancara serta data sekunder dari studi dokumentasi dengan skenario menggunakan analisis trade- off . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skenario terbaik (rata-rata 57) adalah skenario B (zona inti digunakan untuk ekowisata berkelanjutan) karena mengedepankan asas keberlajutan lingkungan sebagai salah satu aset dalam mendorong pariwisata. Skenario A (zona inti tidak perlu dirubah) menjadi alternatif kedua karena pembatasan aktifitas melalui sistem zonasi positif terhadap keberlanjutan ekologi lingkungan, sedangkan skenario C (zona inti digunakan untuk ekonomi) menggambarkan perubahan aspek ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial yang berdampak negatif terhadap ekologi dan hanya berimplikasi positif terhadap aspek ekonomi dan sosial. Dasar legalitas dari perubahan zona inti yang digunakan untuk proyek strategis nasional akan menimbulkan dampak sosial dan ekologi, oleh karena itu perubahan terhadap zona inti mestinya tidak perlu dilakukan kecuali dapat memberikan alternatif yang bermuara pada penyelarasan dan peningkatan aspek ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial pada kawasan tersebut .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 229, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: kawasan konservasi; zona inti; pesisir; analisis trade-off", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 277, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The core zone of the Coastal Marine Protected Area and Small Islands (KKP3K) can face anthropogenic, natural threats, as well as due to the impact of sectoral policies and egos. The purpose of this study is to examine the ecological, social, and economic aspects of the Thousand Islands conservation area so that it is expected to produce the best scenario related to the issuance of Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning changes in the KKP3K core zone. This research uses quantitative methods with an empirical approach and uses primary data obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and interviews as well as secondary data from documentation studies screened with scenarios using trade-off analysis. The results showed that the best scenario (average 57) was scenario B (core zone used for sustainable ecotourism) because it prioritized the principle of environmental sustainability as one of the assets in encouraging tourism. Scenario A (core zone does not need to be changed) is the second alternative because restrictions on activities through the zoning system positivelly on the sustainability of environmental ecology, while scenario C (core zone is used for economics) describes changes in ecological, economic and social aspects that can produce negative impacts on ecology and only have positive implications for economic and social aspects. The legality basis of changes to core zones used for national strategic projects will have social and ecological impacts, therefore changes to core zones should not be necessary unless they provide alternatives that lead to alignment and improvement of ecological, economic, and social aspects of the region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 576, "width": 223, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: conservation areas; core zones; coast; trade-off analysis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 165, "width": 448, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Kebijakan Zona Inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir, dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kepulauan Seribu Resolving Fishermen Conflict through the Development of Co-settlement (Case Study in Cilacap City)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 217, "width": 318, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adi Muliadi, Soeryo Adiwibowo, Yonvitner, Donwill Panggabean, Eha Saleha, Rinda Noviyanti dan Jan Hotman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "vi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 250, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai sebuah negara kepulauan, maka pembangunan bidang kelautan harus dijadikan arus utama dalam kebijakan pembangunan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan alasan urgensi penerapan prinsip ekonomi biru dalam pengaturan tata kelola kelautan Indonesia. Hal ini menjadi penting dikarenakan kebijakan Pemerintah hendaknya selalu berorientasi kepada pembangunan kelautan yang berkelanjutan. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk mengukur seberapa besar upaya yang telah dilakukan para pemangku kepentingan sehubungan dengan pengelolaan kelautan yang berbasis ekonomi biru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekonomi kelautan yang berbasis ekonomi biru dapat menjadi andalan dalam peningkatan pendapatan Indonesia di masa yang akan depan sehingga dapat mewujudkan diri sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Indonesia memiliki kesempatan dan kewajiban untuk menata ulang tata kelola kelautan nasional yang selaras dengan alam. Temuan dari hasil penelitian ini berupa strategi langkah kebijakan yang dapat dijalankan, yaitu dengan cara menselaraskan dan mengutuhkan tatanan hukum laut; menguatkan dan mensinergikan kelembagaan dan kerjasama kelautan; mengutuhkan dan mengintegrasikan data dan informasi laut; dan menumbuh kembangkan riset dan teknologi kelautan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 549, "width": 227, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: ekonomi biru; hukum laut; pembangunan berkelanjutan; Poros Maritim Dunia; negara kepulauan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 200, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As an archipelagic state, the development of the marine sector must be prioritized in its development policies in Indonesia.This study aims to elucidate the reasons for the urgency of implementing blue economy principles in the governance of Indonesia’s marine sector. This reason is crucial as government policies should always be oriented towards sustainable marine development. A This article employs qualitative research methods to assess the extent of stakeholders’ efforts in marine management based on the blue economy. The study findings demonstrate that a blue economy-based marine economy can serve as a cornerstone for increasing Indonesia’s future income, thus realizing its vision as the Global Maritime Fulcrum. Therefore, the Indonesian government has the opportunity and responsibility to restructure national marine governance in harmony with nature. The research findings present a strategy of policy steps that can be implemented, including harmonizing and strengthening the legal framework for the seas, strengthening and synergizing marine institutions and cooperation, strengthening and integrating marine data and information, and promoting marine research and technology.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 499, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: blue economy; the law of the sea; sustainable development; Global Maritime Fulcrum; archipelagic state", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 165, "width": 369, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Urgensi Implementasi Konsep Ekonomi Biru dalam Tata Kelola Sektor Kelautan Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 188, "width": 356, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Urgency of Implementing the Blue Economy Concept in Indonesian Marine Governance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 218, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Rafi Darajati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 791, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "vii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 273, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Sadeng memiliki potensi perikanan tangkap yang besar, didukung dengan adanya Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Sadeng. Akan tetapi di sisi lain, usaha perikanan tangkap menghadapi berbagai permasalahan seperti teknologi penangkapan skala kecil, SDM dan kelembagaan yang lemah, serta ketergantungan permodalan. Optimalisasi usaha perikanan tangkap perlu dilakukan dengan strategi pengembangan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan prioritas strategi pengembangan dengan memperhatikan kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman dari usaha perikanan tangkap di perairan Sadeng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur dengan 25 key informan yang terdiri dari beberapa stakeholder seperti nelayan, petugas pelabuhan, penyuluh, dan dinas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan matriks IFE, matriks EFE, matriks IE, matriks SWOT dan QSPM. Posisi usaha perikanan tangkap nelayan Sadeng berada pada sel II matriks IE yang berarti memerlukan strategi pertumbuhan. Hasil prioritas strategi pengembangan usaha perikanan tangkap di pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Girisubo, Gunungkidul adalah strategi penyediaan sarana produktif di kawasan pelabuhan. Keterjangkauan sumber produktif dalam pengembangan sektor perikanan dapat mewujudkan kegiatan usaha penangkapan ikan yang lebih efisien guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 571, "width": 227, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: perikanan tangkap; Sadeng; strategi; SWOT;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 583, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "QSPM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 233, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The coastal area of Sadeng Beach has high capture fisheries potential, supported by the existence of the PPP Sadeng. On the other hand, the capture fisheries business faces various problems such as small-scale fishing technology, weak human resources and institutions, and capital dependence. Optimization of the capture fisheries business needs to be done with the right development strategy. This study aims to formulate priority development strategies by taking into account the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of capture fisheries in Sadeng waters. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The study was based on empirical analysis including questionnaire and interview surveying of 25 key informants consisting of several stakeholders such as fishermen, port officers, extension workers and government. Data analysis was performed using the IFE matrix, EFE matrix, IE matrix, SWOT matrix and QSPM. The position of the Sadeng fishermen’s capture fisheries business is in cell II of the IE matrix, which means it requires a growth strategy. The priority result of the capture fisheries business development strategy on the coast of Sadeng Beach, Girisubo, Gunungkidul is the strategy of providing productive facilities in the port area. Affordability of productive sources can create more efficient fishing business activities to improve the welfare of coastal communities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 532, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: capture fishery; Sadeng; strategy; SWOT; QSPM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 165, "width": 392, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Kecamatan Girisubo,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 177, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Gunungkidul", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 200, "width": 432, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Business Development Strategy of Capture Fishery in Sadeng Coast, Girisubo Subdisrict, Gunungkidul District", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 229, "width": 219, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alifa Putri Madina, Darsono dan Ernoiz Antriyandarti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "viii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 305, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sungai Sengkarang merupakan kawasan ekosistem hayati terpadu yang berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan status sumber daya ikan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Pekalongan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik ekosistem Sungai Sengkareng, menganalisis permasalahan pemanfaatan, dan menganalisis strategi pengelolaan Sungai Sengkarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan data secara terstruktur untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Berdasarkan kondisi ekologi, Sungai Sengkarang masih memiliki kondisi perairan yang cukup baik untuk dapat digunakan sebagai habitat ikan liar. Meskipun ekosistem perairan Sungai Sengkarang memiliki nilai biodiversitas yang beragam, tetapi kegiatan ekploitasi dari aktifitas manusia dirasakan dapat mengancam kelestarian sumber daya alam disana. Adapun permasalahan yang ada di sepanjang DAS Sungai Sengkarang diantaranya adalah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan perairan, penutupan kanal air sungai, penangkapan liar, penurunan muka tanah, dan perhatian masyarakat sekitar yang minim. Selain itu, keberadaan populasi ikan di Sungai Sengkarang juga mulai menurun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir akibat adanya eksploitasi pengangkapan sumber daya ikan dan pencemaran perairan akibat kontaminasi limbah batik dan textil. Untuk menjaga supaya ekosistem hayati dan sumber daya ikan di perairan Sungai Sengkarang dapat pulih kembali maka diperlukan upaya-upaya sebagai berikut: 1) pengembangan suaka perairan; 2) rehabilitasi sungai;3) restocking ikan; dan 4) pengembangan sistem co-management dan beberapa strategi lain yang relevan secara terintegrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 604, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: pencemaran; ikan, biodiversitas; ekosistem; habitat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 266, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Sengkarang River is the longest river in Pekalongan waters. Aside from being a natural fish habitat, the Sengkarang River is also used as a buffer for biological ecosystems in the waters of Pekalongan City and Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the fish resources status in the Sengakarang River and efforts to manage them. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with structured data collection to answer the research objectives Based on the water quality conditions, the Sengkarang River water description still has good enough conditions to be used as wild fish habitat. Even though the waters of the Sengkarang River have diverse biodiversity values, exploitation from human activities is felt to threaten the preservation of natural resources there. The problems that exist along the Sengkarang River watershed include pollution of the aquatic environment, closure of river water canals, illegal fishing, land subsidence, and minimal attention from the local community. Apart from that, the existence of fish populations in the Sengkarang River has also begun to decline in recent years due to exploitation of fish resources and water pollution due to contamination of batik and textile waste. In order to keep the biological ecosystem and fish resources in the waters of the Sengkarang River recovering, the following efforts are needed: 1.) development of water reserves, 2.) river rehabilitation, 3.) fish restocking, and 4.) development of a co-management system and strategic related option is an integrated manner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 565, "width": 191, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: pollution; fish; biodiversity; ecosystem; habitat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 165, "width": 464, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Ikan Berkelanjutan di Sungai Sengkarang, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah Sustainable Strategy for Management of Fish Resources in Sengkarang River, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 217, "width": 262, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heri Ariadi, Ashari Fahrurrozi, Wijianto dan M. Bahrus Syakirin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 531, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ix", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 327, "width": 227, "height": 352, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demi keserasian ruang laut, pemerintah saat ini telah mengeluarkan kebijakan pengeloaan ruang laut dan perizinan untuk alat tangkap rumpon. Namun perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu beberapa risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam penangkapan ikan. Risiko yang ada disebabkan karena faktor eksternal (faktor alam), maupun yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal (sumber daya manusia, kelembagaan, kebijakan dan teknologi) sehingga menimbulkan tingkat ketidakpastian yang tinggi. Faktor ketidakpastian tersebut dapat mempengaruhi level risiko penggunaan rumpon terhadap kelestarian sumberdaya, lingkungan perairan, dan keberlanjutan usaha penangkapan ikan tuna. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengidentifikasi karakteristik usaha penangkapan ikan tuna dengan alat tangkap rumpon, (2) Memetakan dan menganalisis risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam usaha penangkapan ikan tuna, dan (3) Merumuskan strategi pengurangan risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam usaha penangkapan ikan tuna sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai basis awal pengaturan ruang laut terkait alat tangkap rumpon. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Juli-Desember 2021. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara, dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui statistik perikanan dan tinjauan pustaka. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan House of Risk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemetaan risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam penangkapan ikan dapat ditinjau dari lima aspek yaitu abiotik, biotik, kelembagaan, pemangku kepentingan, dan bisnis penangkapan. Terdapat 19 kejadian risiko dan 18 agen risiko penggunaan rumpon oleh nelayan, serta 7 sumber risiko kritis berdasarkan nilai potensi risiko agregat terbesar. Pemerintah harus melakukan penataan ulang rumpon dengan memperhatikan kondisi karakteristik gelombang, pengawasan berupa pengawasan bersama dengan masyarakat maupun pemasangan alat GPS dan insentif kebijakan seperti akses terhadap keuangan formal. Penataan ulang rumpon sesuai penilaian risiko diharapkan akan meningkatkan produksi ikan dan keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan akan dapat dikendalikan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 687, "width": 228, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: mitigasi risiko; rumpon; house of risk ; perikanan tangkap; tuna; berkelanjutan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 314, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 328, "width": 227, "height": 282, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The government has now issued a marine space management policy and permits for FAD fishing gear for harmony in marine space. However, it is necessary first to understand some of the risks of using FAD fishing gear in fishing. Existing risks are caused by external factors, such as natural factors, and those influenced by various internal factors, such as human resources, institutions, policies, and technology, giving rise to high uncertainty. These uncertainty factors can affect the level of risk of using FADs for resource sustainability, the aquatic environment, and the sustainability of tuna fishing businesses. For this reason, this research aims to: identify the characteristics of tuna fishing businesses using FAD fishing gear, map and analyze the risks of using FADs in tuna fishing businesses, and formulate strategies to reduce the risk of using FADs in fishing businesses. Therefore, catching tuna using FADs can be an initial basis for regulating marine space regarding FAD fishing equipment. The research was conducted in Pacitan Regency, East Java, in July–December 2021. The data used in this research were primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data obtained through fisheries statistics and literature reviews. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis and the House of Risk. The research results show that risk mapping for using FADs in fishing can be viewed from five aspects: abiotic, biotic, institutional, stakeholder, and fishing business. There are 19 risk events and 18 risk agents for the use of FADs by fishermen, as well as seven critical risk sources based on the most significant aggregate potential risk value. The government must reorganize FADs by paying attention to wave characteristics, joint monitoring with the community, and installing GPS equipment and policy incentives such as access to formal finance. The rearrangement of FADs according to the risk assessment will increase fish production, and the sustainability of fish resources will be well controlled.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 617, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: risk mitigation; fish agregating devices; house of risk; capture fisheries; tuna; sustainability", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 165, "width": 461, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Pemanfaatan Rumpon Dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Laut Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Penangkapan Tuna di Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 468, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Risk Mitigation Strategies of The Utilization of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) to Support Sustainable Marine Spatial Layout Policy (Case study: Tuna Fishing Business in Pacitan Regency, East Java)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 247, "width": 262, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riesti Triyanti, Yesi Dewita Sari, Cornelia Mirwantini Witomo, Hakim Miftakhul Huda dan Hertria Maharani Putri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 5, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "x", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 306, "width": 227, "height": 295, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aset mata pencaharian dan efisiensi model rantai pasok dan rantai nilai perikanan tangkap pelagis kecil masyarakat pesisir Pulau Saparua. Penelitian ini memadukan metode kuantitatif dengan desain survei. Data primer dikumpulkan dari penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam dan focus group Discussion (FGD), sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari instansi terkait, jurnal, dan laporan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis aset penghidupan dan analisis kinerja rantai pasok. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa, masyarakat pesisir Pulau Saparua memiliki keberagaman aset matapencaharian, antara lain aset alam, aset manusia, aset fisik, aset sosial dan aset keuangan. Namun, diantara kelima aset matapencaharian tersebut yang memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap matapencahariannya adalah aset alam dan aset sosial. Sementara, efisiensi model rantai pasok-rantai nilai menunjukan bahwa, semakin pendek rantai pemasaran maka biaya pemasaran atau produksi, margin pemasaran, harga yang dibayar konsumen akan semakin rendah, namun harga yang diterima produsen akan semakin tinggi. Kegiatan pemasaran dapat dikatakan berhasil jika didukung oleh daya beli konsumen yang tinggi dan distribusi yang baik. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat dua rantai pemasaran pendek yang efisien dengan hanya dua pelaku (nelayan – pedagang pengumpul dan nelayan – pengecer/perempuan papalele). Namun kedua rantai pemasaran tersebut harus diperlakukan secara berbeda, dimana rantai pemasaran pertama memiliki nilai efektivitas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan rantai pemasaran berikutnya..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 608, "width": 227, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: aset mata pencaharian; rantai pasok; rantai nilai; perikanan tangkap pelagis kecil; masyarakat pesisir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 292, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 306, "width": 227, "height": 255, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to investigate livelihoods assets and the effectiveness of supply chain and value chain model of small pelagic capture fisheries of coastal communities of Saparua Island. This study combined a quantitative method using a survey design. The primary data was collected from field research using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), while the secondary data was collected from related agencies, jurnals, and reports. The data was analyzed using livelihood asset analysis and supply chain performance analysis. The results show that the coastal communities of Saparua Island have a diversity of livelihood assets, including natural assets, human assets, physical assets, social assets and financial assets. However, among the five livelihood assets that have a major contribution to livelihoods are natural assets and social assets. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the supply chain-value chain model shows that the lower the marketing or production costs, marketing margin, consumer prices paid, but the producer prices received would be higher. The marketing activities could be considered successful if they were supported by a high customer purchasing power and proper distribution. This study concludes that there were two effective short marketing chains with only two actors (fishermen – collecting traders and fishermen – retailers / papalele women). The two marketing chains, however, must be treated differently, with the former having a lower effectiveness value than the later.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 569, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: livelihoods assets; supply chain; value chain; small pelagic capture fisheries; coastal communities", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 165, "width": 418, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aset Mata Pencaharian dan Efisiensi Model Rantai Pasok-Rantai Nilai Perikanan Tangkap Pelagis Kecil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 177, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Saparua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 200, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Livelihoods Assets and The Efficiency of Supply Chain-Value Chain Model of Small Pelagic Capture Fisheries of Coastal Communities of Saparua Island", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 241, "width": 294, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hermi Oppier, Fahruddin Ramly, Arsad Matdoan dan Hendri D. Hahury", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 531, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "xi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 197, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kelayakan usaha dan merumuskan pengelolaan usaha budi daya lobster yang berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan melihat dari dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, kelembagaan, sosial dan teknologi. Kelayakan dihitung dengan analisis biaya manfaat dan keberlanjutan usaha dilihat dengan analisis RAPFISH ( Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries ). Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di kecamatan Jerowaru. Penentuan responden dilakukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah responden ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin didapat hasil 92 pembudidaya, akan tetapi untuk mengantisipasi outlier data maka diambil 99 pembudidaya. Berdasarkan data yang telah diolah memiliki hasil bahwa pada kapasitas usaha 8 lubang, 12 lubang dan 16 lubang layak, sedangkan pada kapasitas usaha 4 lubang tidak layak. Hasil indeks keberlanjutan menunjukan bahwa dimensi ekologi, dimensi ekonomi, dan dimensi sosial adalah cukup berkelanjutan, dimensi teknologi adalah kurang berkelanjutan, dan dimensi kelembagaan adalah tidak berkelanjutan...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 496, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: akuakultur; budi daya lobster; kelayakan usaha; keberlanjutan usaha; Pulau Lombok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 178, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study is to look at business feasibility and formulate sustainable management of lobster farming in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara by looking at the ecological, economic, institutional, social and technological dimensions. Feasibility is calculated by benefit cost analysis and business sustainability is seen by RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) analysis. The research location was in Jerowaru sub-district. Determination of respondents was done using purposive sampling. The number of respondents was determined by the Slovin formula, resulting in 92 cultivators, but to anticipate data outliers, 99 cultivators were taken. Based on the data that has been processed, the results show that the business capacity of 8 holes, 12 holes and 16 holes is feasible, while the business capacity of 4 holes is not feasible. The results of the sustainability index show that the ecological dimension, economic dimension, and social dimension are quite sustainable, the technological dimension is less sustainable, and the institutional dimension is unsustainable.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 477, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: aquaculture; lobster farming; business feasibility; business sustainability; Lombok Island", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 165, "width": 306, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Budi Daya Lobster Berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 194, "width": 311, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable Management of Lobster Farming in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 224, "width": 244, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdari Rohmanurcaesari, Eva Anggraini dan Nurliah Buhari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 950, "top": 685, "width": 73, "height": 3, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Ecconomics Research Network", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 868, "top": 644, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterbitkan bersama :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 697, "width": 934, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Jaringan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan BALAI BESAR PENELITIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 739, "width": 136, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JL. KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260 Telp : 021-53650162 Fax : 021-53650159 Web : www.bbrse.kkp.go.id www.bbrse.net email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 606, "top": 186, "width": 2, "height": 169, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUT", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 606, "top": 478, "width": 2, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 1083, "top": 27, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2089-6980", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 653, "top": 26, "width": 224, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 No. 1, Desember 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 725, "top": 547, "width": 389, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi KP Vol. 14 Hal. 1 - 91 Jakarta Desember 2024 ISSN 2089-6980 No. 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 755, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR RISET SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 764, "width": 131, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gedung BRSDM 2 KP Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924 Web : https://kkp.go.id/brsdm/sosek email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 839, "top": 581, "width": 187, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi RISTEKDIKTI : 200/M/KPT/2020", "type": "Text" } ]
c26f6595-d8cb-5524-447d-3179cf85bceb	https://jktp.jurnalpoltekkesjayapura.com/index.php/jktp/article/download/343/183	[ { "left": 158, "top": 17, "width": 284, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL KEPERAWATAN TROPIS PAPUA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 179, "top": 33, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jktp.jurnalpoltekkesjayapura.com/jktp/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 60, "width": 520, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "VOLUME 06 NOMOR 01 JUNI 2023 ISSN 2654 - 5756", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 444, "top": 74, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTIKEL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 103, "width": 530, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA LEAFLET TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG PENTINGNYA KONSUMSI TABLET FE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 151, "width": 499, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION USING LEAFLET MEDIA ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSUMPTION OF FE TABLETS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 176, "top": 211, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi 1* , Usman 1 , Teti Susliyanti Hasiu 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 224, "width": 320, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan STIKES IST Buton, Baubau, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 274, "width": 117, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history Received date: 19 Juni 2023 Revised date: 13 Juli 2023 Accepted date: 14 Juli 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 327, "width": 141, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Corresponding author: Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan STIKES IST Buton, Baubau, Indonesia, [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 254, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 277, "width": 341, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menstruasi merupakan perkembangan fisik yang khas pada remaja putri dan menandai remaja tersebut telah mengalami pubertas. Dampak utamanya dapat menimbulkan risiko anemia pada remaja putri. Anemia selama menstruasi mampu memberikan efek yang negatif bagi pertumbuhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet terhadap tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis quasi experimental dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest design . Sampel penelitian berjumlah 31 orang. Teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan purposive sampling . Pendidikan kesehatan diberikan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan media leaflet. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan adalah 8,19 sedangkan nilai rata-rata sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan didapatkan 16,19. Hasil uji t diperoleh nilai p= 0,0000 <0,05, yang berarti ada perbedaan pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet terhadap tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 495, "width": 271, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pendidikan kesehatan, pengetahuan, tablet Fe", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 518, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 541, "width": 340, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menstruation is a typical physical development in adolescent girls and marks the adolescent as having undergone puberty. The main impact can pose a risk of anemia in adolescent girls. Anemia during menstruation can have a negative effect on growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education using leaflet media on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about the importance of Fe tablet consumption at SMP Negeri 7 Baubau. This study used a quasi- experimental type with a one-group pretest-Posttest design. The research sample amounted to 31 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Health education was given using the lecture method and leaflet media. The results of the study obtained the average level of knowledge of adolescent girls before being given health education was 8.19 while the average value after being given health education was obtained 16.19. The results of the T test obtained p value = 0.0000 <0.05, which means there is a difference in the knowledge of adolescent girls before and after the intervention, as a result it can be concluded that there is an effect of health education using leaflet media on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 748, "width": 229, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Health education, knowledge, fe tablets", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 44, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 60, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan dari masa anak-anak menuju masa dewasa. Remaja akan mengalami berbagai perubahan pada periode ini meliputi perubahan hormonal, fisik psikologis, dan sosial. Perubahan fisik yang menonjol adalah perkembangan tanda-tanda seks sekunder, terjadinya pertumbuhan, serta perubahan perilaku. Kematangan seksual terjadi melalui tahapan-tahapan yang teratur akhirnya mengantarkan anak siap dengan fungsi reproduksinya, pada anak perempuan ditandai dengan berfungsinya organ reproduksi seperti menstruasi (Batubara, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 133, "width": 513, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menstruasi merupakan perkembangan fisik yang khas pada remaja putri dan menandai remaja tersebut telah mengalami pubertas. Dampak utama dari menstruasi adalah timbulnya risiko anemia pada remaja, dan wanita usia subur (Alamsyah, 2018). Timbulnya anemia selama menstruasi mampu memberikan efek yang negatif bagi pertumbuhan remaja putri yaitu, menurunnya kemampuan konsentrasi belajar, mengganggu pertumbuhan tinggi badan yang tidak optimal, menurunkan kemampuan fisik dan wajah menjadi pucat (Henrika et al ., 2018). Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Pibriyanti et al ., (2021) menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri yaitu siklus menstruasi, lama menstruasi, dan frekuensi menstruasi. Remaja putri yang lama menstruasinya tidak normal lebih berrisiko 7,556 kali untuk mengalami anemia dibandingkan dengan remaja yang lama menstruasinya normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 241, "width": 513, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prevalensi anemia secara global berkisar 40-88%, dan angka kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di negara- negara berkembang sekitar 53,7%. Prevalensi kejadian anemia di Amerika Serikat sebanyak 2% - 10%. Di Mexico prevalensinya mencapai 22% pada Wanita (Nadiyah et al ., 2020). Di India angka kejadian anemia lebih dari 50% yang terjadi pada kelompok rentan wanita hamil, bayi, anak kecil dan remaja. Di Indonesia proporsi anemia ibu hamil sebesar 46,9% dan anemia remaja sebesar 48,9%. Berdasarkan hal tersebut anemia lebih banyak di alami pada remaja (Kemenkes RI, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 314, "width": 513, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah melakukan upaya penanggulangan anemia melalui program pemberian suplemen zat besi atau tablet tambah darah secara berkala untuk remaja putri yang diatur dalam PERMENKES No.88 tahun 2014 tentang standar tablet tambah darah bagi wanita usia subur dan ibu hamil (Fitriana & Dwi Pramardika, 2019). Salah satu programnya yaitu melalui upaya usaha kesehatan (UKS) dilakukan pemberian tablet Fe pada remaja putri sehingga tablet ini didapatkan secara gratis, walaupun didapatkan secara gratis masih ada beberapa remaja putri yang tidak rutin mengonsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah (Widiastuti & Rusmini, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 387, "width": 513, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2018 di Indonesia, proporsi pada remaja putri kelompok umur 15-24 tahun sebesar 32%. Proporsi pemberian tablet tambah darah yang diterima remaja putri sebesar 76,2%. Berdasarkan jumlah tersebut, remaja putri yang mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah >52 butir hanya 1,4% sedangkan < 52 butir sebesar 98,6%. Menurut data tersebut menunjukkan masih rendahnya kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah (Kemenkes RI, 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 448, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Remaja putri yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang akan berisiko tidak mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah 1 tablet/minggu 4,998 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan remaja putri yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup atau baik (Noviazahra, 2019). Kepatuhan responden dipengaruhi oleh faktor pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh responden itu sendiri. Pengetahuan ini adalah salah satu faktor predisposing dimana dapat mempengaruhi perilaku seseorang dalam mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah, hal itu terjadi dikarenakan pengetahuan sendiri adalah faktor yang dominan dalam keputusan tindakan individu (Putra et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 521, "width": 513, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hamranani et al ., (2018) pengetahuan yang kurang tentang tablet Fe akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Metode penyuluhan yang paling sering dilakukan oleh petugas puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan adalah metode ceramah dan tanya jawab, Sehingga perlu adanya penambahan media cetak seperti leaflet ketika penyuluhan. Penelitian yang dilakukan Nuradhiani et al ., (2017) bahwa kepatuhan dalam konsumsi TTD tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok responden yang diberikan kartu monitoring berbentuk leaflet, tanda tangan guru serta penambahan informasi mengenai anemia dan TTD.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 606, "width": 513, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian Enindelastri et al ., (2012) rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan siswa sesudah edukasi menggunakan media leaflet lebih unggul 33 nilai dibandingkan dengan pengetahuan siswa sebelum edukasi menggunakan media leaflet. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan media leaflet dalam menyampaikan informasi sehingga memberikan pemahaman sehingga meningkatkan perilaku. Media leaflet merupakan media tertulis yang berisi penyampaian pesan-pesan kesehatan melalui selembar kertas dan memiliki dua atau lebih lipatan dan berisi informasi dapat dalam bentuk kalimat atau gambar maupun keduanya (Wulandari et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 679, "width": 513, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil studi pendahuluan dengan mewawancarai salah satu guru pemegang program UKS, mengatakan bahwa saat ini program tablet Fe tidak berjalan efektif dikarenakan adanya kejadian luar biasa dengan mewabahnya Covid-19 pada awal tahun 2020 sehingga siswi kurang mendapatkan informasi tentang tablet Fe. Selain itu peneliti juga membagikan kuesioner pemberian Tablet Fe kepada 15 remaja putri SMP Negeri 7 Baubau didapatkan 90 % remaja tidak mengkonsumsi tablet Fe secara rutin dan didapatkan 2 orang yang memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe dan 13 orang memiliki pengetahuan buruk tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Beberapa remaja putri juga menganggap mengkonsumsi tablet Fe sebagai hal yang tidak penting dan tidak perlu dilakukan. Kurangnya informasi dan pengetahuan remaja tentang TTD atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 45, "width": 513, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tablet Fe, maka perlu dan penting adanya pemberian informasi dan pendidikan kesehatan sehingga dapat membuka wawasan remaja tentang pentingnya mengonsumsi tablet Fe. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet terhadap tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 106, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 118, "width": 513, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis quasi experimental dengan one-group pretest-Posttest design (Notoatmodjo, 2018). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau pada bulan Januari 2023. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua remaja putri di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau kelas VII sebanyak 48 siswi. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 31 orang degan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling (Khairinal, 2016). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah leaflet dan kuesioner. Kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan tentang pentingnya tablet fe terdiri dari 20 pertanyaan diadaptasi dari penelitian Runkat (2019) kemudian dimodifikasi oleh peneliti dan telah diuji validitas dan realibilitasnya. Peneliti memberikan kuesioner kepada responden sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pendidikan kesehatan. Materi pendidikan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada responden meliputi konsep anemia dan tablet Fe. Pendidikan kesehatan diberikan sebanyak 4 kali selama penelitian dan peneliti menggunakan metode ceramah dengan media leaflet tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Analisa data menggunakan paired sample t-test untuk melihat adanya perbedaan pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya tablet Fe (Sugiyono, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 265, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 289, "width": 311, "height": 79, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Karakteristik Respoden No Umur (tahun) n % 1 12 22 71 2 13 6 19 3 14 3 10 Total 31 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 382, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa dari 31 responden sebagian besar remaja putri memiliki umur 12 tahun sebanyak 22 orang (71%) dan sebagian kecil remaja putri yang berumur 14 tahun sebanyak 3 orang (10%). Pada Tabel 2 diketahui sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe , responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 29 orang (93%) dan pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 2 orang (7%). Setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe, responden yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup 17 orang (55%) dan tingkat pengetahuan baik berjumlah 13 orang (42%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 461, "width": 381, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Putri tentang Pentingnya Konsumsi Tablet Fe", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 485, "width": 310, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelompok Pengetahuan n % Pretest Kurang 29 93 Cukup 2 7 Baik 0 0 Posttest Kurang 1 3 Cukup 17 55 Baik 13 42 Total 31 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 589, "width": 513, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan selisih nilai rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan sebesar 8,00±0,61. Hasil uji paired sample t-test , diperoleh nilai p= 0,000 (<0,05) maka dinyatakan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 657, "width": 489, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Pengaruh Pendidikan kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang pentingnya Konsumsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 668, "width": 356, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tablet Fe Pengetahuan Rata-rata Standar Deviasi Nilai p Selisih Pretest 8,19 1,990 0,000 8,00±0,61 Posttest 16,19 2,600", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 740, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 754, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagian besar remaja putri mulai mengalami menstruasi pada usia 12 tahun atau rata-rata 2 hingga 3 tahun setelah dimulainya perkembangan payudara. Perubahan tubuh ini dapat menimbulkan rasa ingin tahu dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 45, "width": 513, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kecemasan pada beberapa orang, terutama jika tidak tahu mana yang normal dan mana yang tidak. Secara kognitif, remaja pada tahap ini sudah mulai mengalami peningkatan minat intelektual. Mereka juga memiliki pemikiran yang konkrit, seperti mulai mencari kebenaran dari suatu hal, baik atau buruk, dan sebagainya. Selain itu, pada tahap ini remaja juga mulai memusatkan pemikiran mereka sendiri ( egosentrisme ) (Yanti et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 95, "width": 513, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Rebecca tahun 2019 dengan karakteristik responden dalam kategori umur mendapatkan hasil paling banyak remaja putri berusia 11-12 tahun sebanyak 18 orang (45%). Pada usia tersebut masuk kedalam kategori usia fase remaja awal. Puncak pertumbuhan pada remaja putri terjadi sekitar 12-18 bulan sebelum mengalami menstruasi pertama yaitu sekitar usia 10-14 tahun. Menurut Kemenkes RI (2018) umur kejadian menarche di Indonesia rata-rata terjadi pada umur 12,4 tahun dengan prevalensi 60%, pada usia 9-10 tahun sebanyak 2,6%, usia 11-12 tahun sebanyak 30,3%, dan pada usia 13 tahun sebanyak 30%. Sisanya mengalami menarche di atas umur 13 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 179, "width": 513, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang, tetapi setelah diberikan Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet tingkat pengetahuan responden mengalami perubahan yaitu mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik dan cukup. Keadaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa remaja putri di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau setelah mengikuti pendidikan kesehatan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Mariyaningsih (2018) mengenai pendidikan kesehatan dengan media komik terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap siswi tentang tablet tambah darah dan anemia di SMP Negeri 2 Seragen. Rata - rata nilai tingkat pengetahuan saat pre-post menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rata-rata antara pendidikan anemia dan tablet tambah darah ceramah dengan media komik dan ceramah tanpa media komik terhadap tingkat pengetahuan siswi dengan p-value = 0,000. Hasil penelitian ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian Suryanti (2021) menunjukkan bahwa leaflet sebagai media edukasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan kecemasan ibu hamil. Media ini berisikan suatu gagasan secara langsung ke pokok permasalahannya dan memaparkan cara melakukan tindakan secara pendek dan lugas. Leaflet sangat efektif untuk menyampaikan pesan singkat dan padat, media ini juga mudah dibawa dan disebarluaskan karena ukurannya lebih ringkas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 344, "width": 513, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian sesuai dengan fase yang normal terjadi setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan, dimana tujuan serta hasil yang diharapkan dari pendidikan kesehatan adalah terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan, perubahan kebiasaan serta proses menyadarkan orang lain dalam berperilaku kearah kesehatan yang lebih baik. Pengetahuan akan mempengaruhi sikap, tindakan, pemikiran seseorang, dimana setiap orang yang biasanya memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang bervariasi, masing-masing memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda (Larasati et al., 2021). Hal ini menujukkan adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe terhadap pengetahuan remaja putri. Hal ini sesuai sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Haeriyah & Kusumastuti (2021) yang menyatakan bahwa adanya peningkatan 60% pengetahuan responden setelah diberikan penyuluhan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penyuluhan kesehatan agar remaja putri mengerti pentingnya tablet tambah darah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 463, "width": 513, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurangnya informasi akan berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan seseorang. Semakin sering terpapar informasi maka pengetahuan seseorang akan meningkat pula (Sugiarti et al ., 2020). Peyuluhan kesehatan mengenai reproduksi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan anemia dan tablet Fe pada remaja putri mendapatkan hasil analisis statistik dengan nilai p- value = 0,000 < α (0,05) pada 32 responden yang artinya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi remaja merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan remaja putri karena dengan diberikan penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang anemia dan tablet tambah darah (Fitriani & Samria, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 548, "width": 513, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetahuan tentang konsumsi tablet tambah darah sangat berpengaruh terhadap sikap dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah sejak dini. Pengetahuan tentang pentingnya mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah membawa remaja putri untuk berfikir dan berusaha supaya dapat menghindari terjadinya anemia defisiensi besi pada remaja putri (Noviazahra, 2019). Semakin baik pengetahuan remaja putri maka akan semakin baik pula tingkat kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah (Agustina, 2019). Pendidikan kesehatan adalah salah satu strategi yang baik untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, karena dengan pendidikan kesehatan dapat memberikan informasi yang jelas mudah di pahami dan dimengerti oleh responden sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Responden sangat antusias dalam menerima dan memahami pendidikan kesehatan yang diberikan dibuktikan dengan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 680, "width": 163, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLIKASI DAN KETERBATASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 693, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan harus secara gencar diberikan kepada remaja putri baik secara pasif maupun aktif disertai dengan program-program pemerintah yang sudah berjalan, pihak UKS sekolah juga perlu bekerja sama dengan pihak puskesmas setempat dalam pemberian informasi ataupun pendidikan kesehatan mengenai pentingnya tablet Fe. Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan kepada remaja tidak hanya diberikan melalui leaflet melainkan dapat menambahkan ataupun menggunakan media yang menarik agar dapat memberikan stimulus khususnya kepada remaja putri berupa audio visual. Adapun keterbatasan pada penelitian yaitu waktu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 45, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan sampel pemberian pendidikan kesehatan ditentukan oleh pihak sekolah sehingga sampel yang terpilih dan waktu menyesuaikan dengan keputusan yang diberikan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 79, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 92, "width": 513, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Remaja putri dalam penelitian ini rata-rata berusia 12-14 tahun. Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet yang dilakukan dalam 4 kali pertemuan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe di SMP, hal ini didukung dengan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan pada responden setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 151, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 165, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terima kasih kepada pihak SMP Negeri 7 Baubau dan STIKES IST Buton yang telah menerima dan mendukung dan memfasilitasi dalam melakukan penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 201, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 218, "width": 513, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agustina, A. 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56bdd6f0-90b1-11bc-1fa7-7c513bf52c4f	https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/article/download/7320/4798	[ { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 77, "width": 446, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA MOBILE LEARNING BERBASIS ANDROID TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA PADA MATERI KINEMATIKA GERAK LURUS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 117, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Izzatus Sholiha, Faradhillah, Muliani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 131, "width": 402, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara *e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 185, "width": 455, "height": 176, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode campuran ( Mix Method ) dengan desain Sequential Exploratory yang menggabungkan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara berurutan. Dengan menggunakan metode pre- experimental desain One Group Pretest-Posttest dan metode pengembangan ADDIE ( Analyze, Design, Development, Implement, Evaluation ). Adapun kelayakan media Mobile Learning sebesar 87,6%, kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh guru sebesar 90,9%, serta kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh siswa sebesar 92,7%. Secara keseluruhan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android pada materi Gerak Lurus layak, menarik, memudahkan, dan dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media Mobile Learning terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi kinematika gerak lurus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 455, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Android, Pemahaman Konsep, Mix Method, Mobile Learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 406, "width": 447, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID-BASED MOBILE LEARNING MEDIA ON STUDENT’S UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPTS IN THE MATERIAL OF STRAIGHT MOTION KINEMATICS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 460, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: This research is development research that aims to determine the effect of mobile learning media on students' understanding of concepts in straight motion material. The method used in this research is a mixed method with a sequential exploratory design that combines qualitative and quantitative research sequentially. The pre-experimental method, one group pretest-posttest design, and the ADDIE development method (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) were used. The feasibility of mobile learning media was 87.6%, the attractiveness and ease of mobile learning by teachers was 90.9%, and the attractiveness and ease of mobile learning by students was 92.7%. Overall, Android-based mobile learning products on straight motion material were found to be feasible, interesting, facilitating, and able to be used in the learning process. The results showed an influence of mobile learning media on the understanding of the concepts of students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 625, "width": 409, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: android learning, concept understanding, mix method, mobile learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 653, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 667, "width": 455, "height": 93, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media yang secara lazim tersedia antara lain: buku, majalah, jurnal, koran, tabloid, untuk media offline, radio, tv, dan terakhir internet sebagai media online (Purnomo, Ag2006). Perkembangan media digital telah memberikan pengaruh yang sangat cepat ke dalam sistem pendidikan dan pembelajaran, penggunaan media teraebut sudah tidak asing lagi di bidang akademik maupun non akademik. Salah satu alternatif yang muncul terkait dengan media digital adalah beralihnya sumber belajar bagi peserta didik dari sumber belajar yang bersifat fisik (media analog) menjadi digital. Prinsip media pembelajaran digital adalah memudahkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peserta didik dalam mengakses berbagai informasi apapun, kapanpun, dan dimanapun dibutuhkan, dalam hal ini media digital menggunakan perangkat yang terhubung ke internet (Wahidin, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan media ditandai dengan munculnya berbagai produk teknologi yang dapat mempermudah manusia dalam melakukan aktivitas. Salah satu produk teknologi yang sekarang banyak digunakan mampu menembus pasar dunia adalah smartphone . Berdasarkan data yang di publikasikan oleh International Data Corporation (IDC) menunjukkan pada 14 Agustus 2014 tercatat jumlah smatrphone yang terjual sudah pada tahun 2014 mencapai 301,3 juta unit. Dari jumlah tersebut, smartphone Andorid masih mendominasi dengan total penjualan sebesar 84,7 persen. Smartphone Android lebih banyak digunakan karena selain harga yang relatif terjangkau, sistem operasi Android dapat dikembangkan secara terbuka atau open source yang memungkinkan pengguna dapat membuat aplikasi sendiri seusai dengan kebutuhan (Listiaji, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 455, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis, hampir semua siswa menggunakan perangkat Android. Beberapa siswa telah memanfaatkan Android sebagai alat bantu pendukung belajar. Namun, kebanyakan siswa masih memanfaatkan Android sebagai wahan hiburan. Bahkan, tak jarang siswa mengoperasikan Android saat kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung. Di sisi lain, guru masih menyampaikan materi fisika dengan menggunakan media papan tulis dan buku cetak, sedangkan siswa lebih senang dengan smartphone dibandingkan dengan media cetak. Kondisi ini dikarenakan guru belum memanfaatkan media yang berbasis elektronik untuk membantu siswa mengeksplorasi pengetahuannya sendiri. Padahal, penyampaian materi fisika dengan media papan tulis dan buku cetak membuat siswa jenuh, mengurangi tingkat kesenangan siswa dalam belajar, membuat siswa kurang aktif, dan kurang tertarik pada pembelajaran, karena siswa hanya menerima transfer ilmu dan informasi. Sedangkan siswa akan lebih mengingat pemahaman konsep yang diperoleh dari hasil mengkonstruksi pemahamannya sendiri dibandingkan secara informatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu dikembangkan sebuah media pembelajaran yang tepat untuk membuat peserta didik lebih dapat mudah memahami pelajaran fisika. Media pembelajaran tersebut yaitu dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran mobile learning pada Android agar dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa tersebut. Menurut Wilson dan bolliger (2013) (dalam Ibrahim dan Ishartiwi,2017) Mobile Learning pada prinsipnya bertujuan untuk mempermudah pembelajar belajar dimana saja dan kapan saja sesuai dengan waktu yang dimiliki. Karena, mobile learning secara virtual dapat diakses dari mana saja, dengan menyediakan akses untuk seluruh materi – materi pembelajaran yang berbeda – beda. Mobile Learning juga menyediakan sharing content untuk setiap pengguna dengan menggunakan konten yang sama, dan memungkinkan adanya umpan balik secara instan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 602, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 615, "width": 454, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) atau sering disebut dengan R&D. (Sugiyono,2018) menyatakan, “R&D adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu, dan mengaji keefektifan produk tersebut”. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan kombinasi kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mixed) dengan desain sequential exploratory . Sequential exploratory , menurut (Sugiyono, 2017), “Merupakan penelitian kombinasi yang menggabungkan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara berurutan. Pada tahap pertama menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pada tahap kedua metode kuantitatif. Dan untuk model atau desain yang digunakan adalah ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluation).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data Kualitatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara mengedarkan kuesioner atau angket. Kuesioner merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya. (Sugiyono, 2017). Angket yang digunakan peneliti tediri dari angket kelayakan produk mobile learning dan angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk mobile learning .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 174, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisis Data Kualitatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sesuai dengan yang telah disebutkan pada bagaimana pengumpulan data yang akan peneliti lakukan pada penelitian ini, maka terdapat beberapa cara yang akan dilakukan yaitu: 1. Angket Kelayakan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 229, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Angket ini akan diberikan untuk menguji kesesuaian isi, bahasa, dan kualitas penyajian. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menilai kelayakan dari pengembangan produk yang dihasilkan sebagai pegangan bagi guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil validasi ahli, akan menunjukkan kevalidan berdasarkan skor pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 298, "width": 404, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Kriteria Skor Penilaian Untuk Hasil Kelayakan Produk Indikator Skor Pilihan Jawaban 3,26 – 4,00 2,51 – 3,25 1,76 – 2,50 1,01 – 1,75 Komponen Isi Sangat Valid Valid Kurang Valid Tidak Valid Komponen Kebahasaan Sangat Valid Valid Kurang Valid Tidak Valid Komponen Kualitas Penyajian Sangat Valid Valid Kurang Valid Tidak Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : (Indahini, Sulton, & Husna ,2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Angket ini akan diberikan untuk menguji kemenarikan dari tampilan produk dan kemudahan isi dan bahasa produk. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menilai kemenarikan dan kemudahan dari pengembangan produk yang dihasilkan sebagai pegangan bagi guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 572, "width": 379, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Kriteria Skor Penilaian Untuk Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 587, "width": 406, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator Skor Pilihan Jawaban 3,26 – 4,00 2,51 – 3,25 1,76 – 2,50 1,01 – 1,75 Komponen Kemenarikan Sangat menarik Menarik Kurang Menarik Tidak Menarik Komponen Kemudahan Sangat mempermudah Mempermudah Kurang Mempermudah Tidak Mempermudah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 223, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: (Indahini, Sulton, & Husna, 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 185, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data Kuantitatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 100, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan tes. Tes yang dimaksud disini adalah tugas atau kegiatan yang terdapat pada media mobile learning untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsep siswa. Tes yang diberikan kepada siswa berbentuk soal pilihan ganda tentang materi gerak lurus kepada peserta didik untuk melihat pemahaman konsep siswa ( pretest ) untuk melihat peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa ( posttest ) melalui media mobile learning berbasis Android. Dan juga menggunakan pre experimental desain One Group Pretest-Postest Design .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 238, "width": 221, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. One Group Pretest-Postest Design Sumber: (Sugiyono,2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 215, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: 𝑶 𝟏 = nilai pretest (sebelum diberi treatment) X = Treatment yang diberi 𝑶 𝟏 = nilai posttest (setelah diberi treatment)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 349, "width": 167, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisi Data Kuantitatif a. Analisis Instrument", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 376, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 390, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Validitas adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan tingkat-tingkat kevalidan atau kesahihan sesuatu instrumen. Suatu instrumen yang valid atau shahih mempunyai validitas tinggi, sebaliknya isnturmen yang kurang valid berarti validitas rendah (Arikunto,2010). Validitas item dapat diukur dengan menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment (Arikunto,2013) yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 458, "width": 224, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑟 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑁 ∑ 𝑋𝑌 − (∑ 𝑋)(∑ 𝑌) √{𝑁 ∑ 𝑋 2 − (∑ 𝑋 2 )} {𝑁 ∑ 𝑌 2 − (∑ 𝑌)}", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 507, "width": 290, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: 𝑟 𝑥𝑦 = Koefisien kolerasi antara variabel x dan variabel y Ʃ𝑋𝑌 = Jumlah perkalian x dengan y X = Skor tiap butir soal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 564, "width": 371, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = Skor total N = Banyaknya subjek atau peserta tes Tabel 3. Kriteria Validitas Instrumen Tes Nilai Validitas Kriteria 0,80-1,00 Sangat Tinggi 0,60-0,80 Tinggi 0,40-0,60 Cukup 0,20-0,40 Rendah 0,00-0,20 Sangat Rendah Sumber: (Arikunto,2013)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 720, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 733, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Realibilitas merupakan pengertian kepercayaan. Suatu tes dapat dinyatakan mempunyai taraf kepercayaan yang tinggi jika tes tersebut dapat memberikan hasil yang tetap,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 210, "width": 43, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑶 𝟏 X 𝑶 𝟐", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "maka reliabilitas berhubungan dengan masalah ketetapan hasil tes (Arikunto,2013). Menghitung reliabilitas dengan rumus Cronbach’s Alpha ( ∝ ) menggunakan persamaan KR- 20 (Arikunto, 2013) sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 128, "width": 136, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑟 11 = ( 𝑛 𝑛 − 1 ) (1 − ∑ 𝜎𝑖² 𝜎𝑡² )", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 161, "width": 214, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: 𝑟 11 = Reliabilitas tes secara keseluruhan Ʃ 𝜎𝑖² = Jumlah varians skor tiap-tiap 𝜎𝑡² = Varians soal n = Banyak butir soal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Daya Pembeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 259, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut (Arikunto,2013) daya pembeda soal adalah kemampuan suatu soal untuk membedakan antara siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi dengan siswa yang berkemampuan rendah. Untuk menghitung daya pembeda setiap butri soal, maka digunakan rumus sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 262, "top": 312, "width": 71, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐷 = 𝐵 𝐴 𝐽 𝐴 − 𝐵 𝐵 𝐽 𝐵", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 357, "width": 343, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: D = Indeks Daya Pembeda 𝐽 𝐴 = Banyak peserta kelompok atas 𝐽 𝐵 = Banyak peserta kelompok bawah 𝐵 𝐴 = Banyak peserta kelompok atas yang menjawab soal dengan benar 𝐵 𝐵 = Banyak peserta kelompok bawah yang menjawab dengan benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 455, "width": 363, "height": 97, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Klasifikasi Daya Pembeda Rentang Keterangan 0,00-0,20 Jelek 0,21-0,40 Cukup 0,41-0,70 Baik 0,71-1,00 Baik Sekali Sumber: (Arikunto,2013)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Tingkat Kesukaran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 610, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tingkat kesukaran test adalah kemampuan test tersebut dalam menjaring banyaknya subjek peserta test yang dapat mengerjakan dengan benar. Jika banyak peserta test yang menjawab benar maka taraf kesukaran test tinggi, sebaliknya jika hanya sedikit dari subjek yang menjawab benar maka taraf kesukaran rendah. Soal yang baik adalah saol yang tidak terlalu mudah atau tidak terlalu sukar (Arikunto, 2013) Untuk mrnghitung tingkat kesukaran soal dapat menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 690, "width": 37, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃 = 𝐵 𝐽𝑆", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 722, "width": 258, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan : P = Indeks tingkat kesukaran B = Banyak siswa yang menjawab soal dengan benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JS = Jumlah seluruh siswa peserta test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 362, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Indeks Tingkat Kesukaran Rentang Keterangan 0,00-0,30 Sukar 0,31-0,70 Sedang 0,71-1,00 Mudah Sumber: (Arikunto,2013)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 204, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b . Analisis Prasyarat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normlitas adalah untuk pengujian normal atau tidaknya sebaran data yang akan dianalisis. Perhitungan uji normalitas pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan bantuan program SPSS for windows Versi 25. Kriteria yang digunakan pada penelitian ini apabila hasil uji normalitas nilai Asymp Sig (2tailed) lebih besar dari nilai alpha atau probabilitas 0,05 maka data berdistribusi normal, sedangkan nilai Asymp Sig (2tailed) lebih kecil dari nilai alpha atau probabilitas 0,05 maka datanya berdistribusi tidak normal (Sugiyono,2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Analisis Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 356, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji t Sesuai dengan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design , maka digunakan analisis hipotesis uji T-test satu sampel, dengan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 396, "width": 60, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑡 = 𝑋̅ − 𝜇ₒ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 411, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑠", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 424, "width": 128, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "√𝑛 Sumber: (Sugiyono,2018)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 164, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "t = nilai t yang dihiutng s = simpangan baku sampel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 490, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n = jumlah anggota sampel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 113, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑋̅ = nilai rata-rata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 517, "width": 171, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝜇ₒ = nilai yang dihipotesisikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 560, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 573, "width": 336, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Angket Kelayakan, Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk a. Hasil Angket Kelayakan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 601, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan para guru SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis sebagai responden angket kelayakan produk, maka didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 642, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Angket Kelayakan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 664, "width": 273, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator Kelayakan Produk Nilai Persentase Kriteria Komponen Isi 3,3 82,5% Sangat Valid Komponen Kebahasaan 3,75 93,7% Sangat Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 154, "top": 78, "width": 269, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen Kualitas Penyajian 3,46 86,6% Sangat Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 119, "width": 455, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. diatas menunjukkan bahwa hasil angket kelayakan produk mobile learning pada komponen isi sebesar 82,50% sedangkan komponen kebahasaan diperoleh persentase sebesar 93,70% dan komponen kualitas penyajian sebesar 86,60% serta ketiga komponen memiliki kategori sangat valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 188, "width": 265, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Hasil Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 202, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sama halnya dengan kelayakan produk, kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk juga menggunakan analisis data yang sama dengan hasil sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 244, "width": 350, "height": 81, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk Oleh Guru Indikator Nilai Persentase Kriteria Kemenarikan 3,57 89,3% Sangat menarik Kemudahan 3,7 92,5% Sangat memudahkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 455, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7 diatas menunjukkan bahwa hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk mobile learning oleh guru pada indikator kemenarikan diperoleh persentase sebesar 89,30% dengan kriteria sangat menarik serta pada indikator kemudahan diperoleh persentase sebesar 92,50% dengan kriteria sangat memudahkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 411, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan berikut adalah hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk oleh siswa kelas X MIA 3 sebanyak 36 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 453, "width": 354, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk Oleh Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 474, "width": 265, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator Nilai Persentase Kriteria Kemenarikan 3,69 92,4% Sangat menarik Kemudahan 3,72 93,05% Sangat memudahkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 545, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8 diatas menunjukkan bahwa hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk mobile learning oleh siswa pada indikator kemenarikan sebesar 92,40% dengan kriteria sangat menarik dan indikator kemudahan sebesar 93,05% dengan kriteria sangat memudahkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 600, "width": 301, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Data Tes Awal (pretest) dan Data Tes Akhir (postest)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 614, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya yaitu melakukan pengolahan data hasil pretest dan postest, maka diperoleh data statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan program IBM SPSS 23.0 for windwos yang terdiri dari nilai maksimum, nilai minimum, rata-rata, standar deviasi, dan varians. Penelitian ini mengambil siswa sebanyak 36 siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 683, "width": 294, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 9. Data Pretest dan Postest Pemahaman Konsep Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 697, "width": 367, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelas X MIA 3 N Minimu m Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Varians Pretest 36 30.00 70.00 52.08 10.91362 119.107 Postest 36 65.00 95.00 79.02 8.26520 68.313", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 9 diatas menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pretest pada kelas X MIA 3 yakni sebesar 52,08. Sedangkan pada posttest memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 79.02. Dari nilai rata-rata tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara pretest dan posttest pada kelas X MIA 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 146, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Analisis Prasyarat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 160, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 183, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mendapatkan nilai uji one sample T- test yang ingin dicari, sebelumnya dilakukan uji normalitas terlebih dahulu. Tujuannya untuk melihat apakah populasi berdistribusi normal atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 224, "width": 220, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 10. Uji Normalitas Uji Normalitas Kolmogrov-Smirnov Statistik Df Sig. Pretest 0.133 36 0.107 Posttest 0.131 36 0.119", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 455, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji normalitas data didapatkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal, ditandai dengan nilai signifikansi yang didapat > 0,05, maka data berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Analisis Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 379, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melakukan uji normalitas serta uji homogenitas dan data yang diperoleh berdistribusi normal, maka selanjutnya dilakukan analisis hipotesis yang menggunakan Uji T- tets Satu Sampel. Uji T- tets Satu Sampel dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsep siswa sebelum dan sesudah penerapan mobile learning . Tujuan dilakukan uji T- test Satu Sampel untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat penerapan yang signifikan antara skor pretest dan skor posttest .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 454, "height": 185, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 11. Uji T- test satu sampel. Uji T-Test Satu Sampel Nilai Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Menggunakan Mobile Learning Test Value = 75 T Df Sig. (2-tailed) 33.456 71 0.000 25.278 71 0.000 Dengan nilai 𝑋̅ = 79.02, 𝜇 0 = 75, s = 8,26 dan n = 36 didapatkan hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis sebesar 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 = 25.278 dengan taraf nyata ( 𝛼 ) = 0,05, diperoleh nilai 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 = 1.684. Kriteria pengujiannya adalah 𝐻 0 ditolak jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 diterima, dan 𝐻 0 diterima jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 < 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dan didapatkan 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 (25.278 > 1684) maka 𝐻 1 diterima. Artinya, terdapat pengaruh pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Kinematika gerak lurus kelas X MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis dengan penerapan media mobile learning berbasis Android.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 677, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android menggunakan desain ADDIE dengan hasil tahapan pengembangan yaitu tahap pertama adalah analisis ( analyze ), pada tahap perencanaan awal ini peneliti mulai memikirkan tentang produk media pembelajaran apa yang akan dikembangkan dalam penelitian berdasarkan hasil observasi saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Setelah dilaksanakan observasi didapatkan bahwa siswa membutuhkan media pembelajaran selain media papan tulis, media cetak dan kebutuhan media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pembelajaran yang konstektual sehingga peneliti melakukan pengembangan media pembelajaran berupa Mobile Learning berbasis Android. Dengan adanya Mobile Learning siswa dapat terdorong secara mandiri dan percaya diri untuk menjelaskan konsep-konsep fisika dengan cara mereka sendiri. Dan dengan adanya Mobile Learning dapat menampilkan suatu materi yang bersifat abstrak dan tidak dapat dibayangkan oleh siswa dengan menggunakan animasi yang terdapat di Mobile Learning dengan cara yang menarik dan dapat membuat siswa lebih terfokus pada proses pembelajaran. Hal ini seperti yang dinyatakan oleh (Yuniati, 2012)“ Mobile Learning menjadikan pembelajaran menjadi unik, menarik, dan dapat meningkatkan perhatian pada proses pembelajaran, membuat pembelajaran menjadi persuasif, dan dapat mendorong motivasi pembelajar kepada pembelajaran”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 229, "width": 455, "height": 246, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap selanjutnya, tahap kedua yaitu desain ( design ), pada tahap ini peneliti merancang konsep produk, baik tampilan awal aplikasi, warna backgorund, serta penggunaan jenis ukuran font. Pada tampilan awal aplikasi terdapat logo ibuildapp (penyedia pelayanan), nama penyedia layanan dan nama website. Serta didesain tempat login aplikasi mobile learning . Untuk warna backgorund, dipilih warna soft blue dan putih, menggunakan soft blue dan putih sebagai warna background dengan alasan kedua warna dapat menyatu dengan baik. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh (Kuasaputra & Soewito, 2014), “warna-warna yang mewakili perasaan sejuk dan menarik perhatian seperti biru, ungu, dan hijau”. Warna biru dan putih juga dapat menyatu dengan warna lain dan berbagai gambar yang terdapat di mobile learning . Dan untuk font , menu sajian aplikasi menggunakan jenis Comic Sans MS dan Arial Narrow. Dan penulisan judul sub materi menggunakan Berlin Sans FB , serta penjelasan dan materi yang disajikan menggunakan Times New Roman dengan ukuran 12. Pada tahap ketiga yaitu pengembangan ( development ), pada tahap ini peneliti membuat produk baru dengan spesifikasi tampilan awal aplikasi, menu sajian aplikasi, tampilan menu sub materi, menu video pembelajaran animasi bergerak, serta tampilan kuis. Serta membuat instrumen berupa angket yang akan disebarkan pada guru dan siswa untuk melihat umpan balik mengenai mobile learning yang digunakan. Angket yang digunakan ada 2 yaitu, angket kelayakan produk dan angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap keempat yaitu implementasi ( implementation ), setelah dilakukan revisi produk pada tahap development dan dinyatakan layak, maka produk di implementasikan pada kelas sesungguhnya, yaitu kelas X MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis, (Indahini, Sulton, & Husna, 2018) menyatakan “Tahap implementasi ini diperlukan untuk mengumpulkan data sebagai dasar dalam menetapkan kelayakan produk yang dihasilkan sehingga menunjang ketercapaian tujuan pembelajaran”. Dan tahap akhir, tahap kelima yaitu evaluasi ( evaluation ), pada tahap ini peneliti membuat hasil angket kelayakan, kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk oleh guru dan siswa yang disebarkan berdasarkan implementasi produk yang telah dilakukan. Dan hasil tes pemahaman konsep yang disebarkan untuk melihat pengaruh produk terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 615, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan untuk hasil angket kelayakan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android oleh guru dengan 5 orang guru sebagai responden didapatkan skor nilai 3,50 dengan persentase sebesar 87,6% dalam kategori “sangat valid” secara keseluruhan kelayakan produk. Dengan komponen isi bernilai 3,3 dengan persentase sebesar 82,5%, komoponen kebahasaan bernilai 3,75 dengan pesrsentase sebesar 93,7%, dan komponen kualitas penyajian sebesar 3,46 dengan persentase sebesar 86,6% serta ketiga komponen dalam kategori “sangat valid”. Begitu pula hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh guru dengan jumlah responden yang sama didapatkan skor nilai 3,57 dengan persentase sebesar 90,9% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan” secara keseluruhan indikator. Dengan indikator kemenarikan bernilai 3,57 dengan persentase sebesar 89,3%, indikator kemudahan bernilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3,70 dengan persentase sebesar 92,5% dan kedua indikator dalam kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 455, "height": 149, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh siswa dengan 36 siswa sebagai responden didapatkan skor nilai 3,70 dengan persentase sebesar 92,7% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan” secara keseluruhan indikator. Indikator kemenarikan dengan nilai 3,69 dengan persentase sebesar 92,4% dan indikator kemudahan dengan nilai 3,72 dengan persentase sebesar 93,05% serta kedua indikator dalam kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan”. Secara keseluruhan produk Mobile Learning layak, menarik, memudahkan serta efektif digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini sejalan dengan pengembangan Mobile Learning yang telah dilakukan oleh (Setiawati, Kartika, & Purwanto, 2018) bahwa media Mobile Learning yang dikembangkan sangat valid, sangat layak digunakan dengan nilai 90,83% dengan tingkat respon siswa terhadap Mobile Learning sangat baik sebesar 91,08%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 455, "height": 122, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini pengembangan media Mobile Learning digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media mobile learning terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Kinematika gerak lurus kelas X MIA 3. Desain yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttest one group design yakni penelitian yang dilakukan pada satu sampel penelitian yang diberi perlakuan pretest dan posttest . Setelah dilakukan perhitungan dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, didapatkan hasil tes pemahaman konsep sebelum diberi perlakuan dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Sebelum diberi perlakuan ( pretest ) nilai rata-rata kelas X MIA 3 sebesar 52.08 sedangakan sesudah diberi perlakuan ( posttest ) nilai rata-rata kelas X MIA 3 sebesar 79.02.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 381, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dari pretest dan posttest pada Mobile Learning berbasis Andorid pada materi Gerak Lurus yang telah diberikan kepada siswa kelas X MIA 3 sebanyak 36 siswa diperoleh data berdistribusi normal. Dengan melihat nilai pada tabel Kolmogrov-Smirnov dengan alasan jumlah sampel yang melebihi 30, didapatkan nilai Sig = 0,119, dan Sig = 0,119 > 0,05 maka distribusi data adalah normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 455, "height": 180, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan uji T- test satu sampel dengan kriteria pengujian 𝐻 0 ditolak jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 diterima, dan 𝐻 0 diterima jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 < 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dan taraf nyata ( 𝛼 ) atau Sig . (2-tailed) = 5% atau 0,05. Hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis diperoleh 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 = 25.278 dan nilai 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 = 1.684. Dan didapatkan 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 (22.578 > 1.684) dengan Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,00 < 0,05 maka 𝐻 1 diterima. Dapat ditafsirkan rata- rata nilai yang diperoleh siswa dengan menggunakan media Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus telah mencapai KKM yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini berarti media Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus efektif untuk digunakan dan dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami materi. Hal ini sejalan dengan pengembangan media Mobile Learning yang telah dilakukan oleh (Rihandoko, 2018) bahwa media Mobile Learning dapat menambah motivasi belajar peserta didik untuk belajar mandiri atau bersama guru, mendukung belajar lebih efektif, efisien, dan mampu meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 661, "width": 455, "height": 107, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android pada materi Gerak Lurus layak digunakan dengan nilai 3,50 dengan persentase sebesar 87,6% dalam kategori “sangat valid”. Kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android pada materi Gerak Lurus oleh Guru bernilai 3,63 persentase sebesar 90,9% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan” secara keseluruhan indikator. oleh siswa terdapat penilaian kemenarikan dan kemudahan tersendiri yang bernilai 3,70 persentase sebesar 92,7% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan”. Adanya pengaruh produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus dengan nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 455, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 (25.278 > 1684) maka 𝐻 1 diterima dan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada nilai rata-rata pretest dan posttest siswa yaitu pretest sebesar 52.08 sedangkan posttest 79.02 yang artinya media Mobile Learning berbasis Android berpengaruh terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa kelas X MIA 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 148, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 174, "width": 420, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arikunto, S. (2013). Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan Edisi 2. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ibrahim, N., & Ishartiwi. (2017). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Mobile Learning Berbasis Androidmata Pelajaran IPA Untuk Siswa SMP. Jurnal Refleksi Edukatika, 8(1) , 2087-9385.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indahini, R. S., Sulton, & Husna, A. (2018). Pengembangan Multimedia Mobile Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi dan Komunikasi Digital Kelas X SMK. Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 1(2) , 141-148.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuasaputra, I., & Soewito, B. (2014). Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Lima Bahasa Kasih Untuk Anak Usia 5-8 Tahun. DKV Adiwarna , (4),13. Listiaji, P. (2015). Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile Learning Sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Fisika Pada Materi Hukum Gravitasi Newton Untuk Siswa SMA. Skripsi. Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 454, "height": 108, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rihandoko, A. (2018). Pengembangan Media Mobile Learning Appypie Android Berbasis Pemahaman Konsep Peserta Didik Kelas XI Pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi di Tingkat SMA/MA. Skripis, Lampung: Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung . Setiawati, N., Kartika, I., & Purwanto, J. (2018). Pengembangan Mobile Learning (M- Learning) Berbasis Android Berbasis Moodle Sebagai Daya Dukung Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA. Disajikan Pada Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Pendidikan Fisika ke-2 (https://core.ac.uk) diakses 27 februari 2021 . Sugiyono. (2017). 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859334e7-7de6-eea3-b875-c83184f043df	https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/multilateralpjkr/article/download/15942/9091	[ { "left": 49, "top": 259, "width": 505, "height": 213, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembelajaran play-teach-play: Upaya meningkatkan hasil belajar gerak manipulative peserta didik kelas I by Setyorini Setyorini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 34, "top": 642, "width": 263, "height": 83, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Submission date: 08-May-2023 08:55AM (UTC+0700) Submission ID: 2086974528 File name: 116_130-15942-Setyorini.docx (171.2K) Word count: 4832 Character count: 30474", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 236, "width": 4, "height": 134, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5 5", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 298, "top": 79, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 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9f61dfc2-0375-1f8a-0b81-520b2ac25204	https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/SKETSABISNIS/article/download/3433/2521	[ { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 226, "top": 80, "width": 159, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sketsa Bisnis, Volume 10 No.01 Juli 2023, 30 - 44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 121, "width": 124, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SKETSA BISNIS", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 189, "top": 138, "width": 317, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/SKETSABISNIS ISSN 2356-3672 E-ISSN 2460- 0989 Naskah Diterima : 19 Agustus 2022 Diterima Publikasi : 12 Juni 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 220, "width": 378, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Kepercayaan, Kepuasan serta Loyalitas Pelanggan pada Brand", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 179, "top": 235, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sneaker internasional Ditinjau dari Brand Equity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 263, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Endy Widianto 1* , Dion Dewa Barata 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 287, "width": 413, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2 Universitas Internasional Batam, Baloi-Sei Ladi, Jl. Gajah Mada, Tiban Indah, Kec. Sekupang, Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau, kode pos 29426, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 321, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*) Penulis Korespondensi: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The consumer behavior of the Indonesian people who tend to choose foreign brands over local brands is something that needs to be criticized, explored and tested with the aim of developing the local economy. Predisposition and loyalty to a brand are influenced by several antecedents, including brand equity. This study aims to find out why many people are more interested in international brands than local brands. The research sample was obtained through a purposive sampling method, while data collection used a survey questionnaire. The research analysis used is partial least squares with purposive sampling method. The findings of this study include; brand equity variable has a significant and positive relationship to customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer trust. However, the variable customer satisfaction has no significant effect on customer loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 497, "width": 415, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Brand Equity, Customer Trust, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 444, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perilaku konsumerisme masyarakat indonesia yang cenderung memilih brand asing daripada brand lokal merupakan hal yang perlu di kritisi, di explore dan di uji dengan tujuan pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Tindakan kecenderungan dan loyal pada suatu brand dipengaruhi oleh beberapa anteseden, termasuk ekuitas merek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengapa banyak orang lebih tertarik pada merek internasional daripada merek lokal. Sampel penelitian diperoleh melalui metode purposive sampling, sedangkan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner survey . analisis penelitian yang digunakan adalah partial least square dengan metode purposive sampling. Temuan penelitian ini antaralain; variabel ekuitas merek memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, loyalitas pelanggan, dan kepercayaan pelanggan. Namun, variabel kepuasan pelanggan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 688, "width": 443, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Ekuitas Merek, Kepercayaan Pelanggan, Kepuasan Pelanggan, Loyalitas Pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 444, "height": 181, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebanyakan warga di Indonesia lebih suka berlanja pakaian sampai perhiasan dan barang lainnya di merek produk asing. hingga bisa dibilang kalau merek lokal masih kalah persaingan dengan merek produk asing. Dari data yang telah didapatkan 60% pelanggan di Indonesia semakin gemar dalam berbelanja beraneka macam produk asing ketimbang hasil pembuatan dari Indonesia. Konsumen di Indonesia masih mengincar produk merek asing dikarenakan bisa dibilang kalau nilai dari suatu brand luar negeri sangat bagus dan harganya terjangkau. Sementara di Indonesia masih belum kompeten dalam bersaing apalagi dari aspek nilai dan kualitas. Kebanyakan ciptaan lokal sangat bagus akan tetapi dari harga yang kurang memadai. Hal ini yang membuat Indonesia kesulitan untuk menjadi pusat ekonomi dunia (Yulistara, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 444, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tindakan konsumerisme pada produk asing tersebut tentunya di karenakan persepsi pelanggan dan branding yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan, hal ini dibuktikan oleh Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021), Diansyah & Putera (2017), Bambang & Heriyanto (2017), yang menemukan bahwa brand equity dan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer loyalty . Untuk itu, kepentingan didasarkan pada kesadaran pelanggan akan suatu merek dan pembentuknya dalam suatu merek selama keberadaannya. Yang dimana suatu merek bisa memberikan penilaian tambahan yang signifikan apabila dikenalin dengan pantas ataupun mempunyai gabungan yang positif di benak pelanggan. pelanggan yang mengbuktikan perilaku positifnya dengan suatu merek dan memiliki keterikatan suatu merek tersendiri atau berencana untuk bergerak berbelanja memperlihatkan kepuasaan ataupun setiaan terhadap merek tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 499, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelanggan yang memiliki perilaku positif terhadap suatu merk akan puas dan setia pada merk tersebut, hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Susilo (2018), Leninkumar (2017), Madjid (2013), sikap perilaku pelanggan yang dapat menjadi indikator apakah variabel pengalaman merek dan kualitas pelayanan yang diperoleh pelanggan dapat tercapai sebanding dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan sebuah usaha. Ini akan mempengaruhi jangka Panjang perilaku konsumen yang paling menguntungkan bagi perusahaan yaitu loyalitas pelanggan. Sedangkan pengaruh tidak signifikan ditemukan oleh Ganiyu (2017), Minarti & Segoro (2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 651, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Customer trust berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer loyalty , karena kepercayaan merupakan salah satu aspek penting sehingga dapat menciptakan customer loyalty yang positif (Jung et al . 2020; Ramadhan 2020; Susanto & Heriyanto 2019; Leninkumar 2017). Efek puncak yang diinginkan dari pertemuan layanan dan kepuasan pelanggan adalah perilaku tindakan pelanggan yang dapat diprediksi dari loyalitas pelanggan mereka (Madjid, 2013). Kesetiaan konsumen merupakan keinginan perilaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk melaksanakan pemberlanjaan secara mengulang kali dan untuk menciptakan sebuah loyalitas konsumen dengan suatu barang ataupun perlayanan yang diperoleh dari industri tersebut dibutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga suatu proses pemberlanjaan secara mengulang kali (Sari, 2018). Kemauan yang kuat agar membeli ataupun mendatangi barang ataupun layanan yang sesuai dan disukai, justru dapat memicu aktivitas konversi untuk menentukan merek yang lainnya. Loyalitas juga ada ketika pelanggan menolak tekanan untuk beralih ke merek yang lain (Lesmana et al ., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 444, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas pelanggan bisa dipengaruhi dengan banyak dimensi, salah satunya adalah dimensi yang berkaitan dengan ekuitas merek. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari tahu mengapa orang-orang lebih tertarik dengan brand luar dari pada brand lokal. Jika indikator customer loyalty dihubungkan dengan indikator kepercayaan dengan customer satisfaction ini apakah variabel loyalitas pelanggan ini secara langsung atau tidak langsung yang dipengaruhi dalam model penelitian ini. Untuk itu perlu adanya peneliti lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 355, "width": 444, "height": 105, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Objek penelitian ini berfokus pada provinsi Kepulauan Riau, objek penelitian tersebut dipilih dikarenakan masyarakat Indonesia salah satunya pada Kepulauan Riau lebih cenderung suka menggunakan produk asing (Koran Sindo, 2014; Yulistara, 2018). penelitian ini dibuat untuk meneliti dan juga mengetahui mengapa orang-orang lebih tertarik dengan produk sneakers brand luar negeri dari pada brand lokal. Durasi penelitian ini adalah 7 bulan mulai dari bulan september sampai dengan bulan maret 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kerangka Teori", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 443, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brand equity berpengaruh terhadap customer satisfaction dikarenakan kepuasan pelanggan dianggap saebagai salah satu strategi utama untuk meningkatkan loyalitas dan kemauan untuk membayar (Ahmad & Sherwani 2015; Torres & Tribó 2011) . Selanjutnya kepuasan pelanggan mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan, dimana pelayanan perusahaan yang memuaskan pelanggan menjadi bagian yang lebih penting dalam meningkatkan kesetiaan. Kualitas layanan yang tinggi adalah masalah yang paling penting dalam kepuasan pelanggan dalam hal memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap niat beli dan loyalitas Reza et al . (2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 444, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021) brand equity bersifat statistik dan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer loyalty . Untuk itu, kepentingan didasarkan pada kesadaran pelanggan akan suatu merek dan pembentuknya dalam suatu merek selama keberadaannya. Yang dimana suatu merek bisa memberikan penilaian tambahan yang signifikan apabila dikenalin dengan pantas ataupun mempunyai gabungan yang positif di benak pelanggan. Dari hasil data yang sudah diolah maka terdapat positif signifikan antara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 444, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "brand equity terhadap customer loyalty dan Brand equity berpengaruh langsung pada customer loyalty , yang dimana semakin bagus brand equity maka customer loyalty akan semakin meninggi (Ramadhan, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 146, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brand equity menghasilkan akibat terhadap loyalitas pelanggan secara signifikan positif, dikarenakan pelanggan yang mengbuktikan perilaku positifnya dengan suatu merek dan memiliki keterikatan suatu merek tersendiri atau berencana untuk bergerak berbelanja memperlihatkan kepuasaan ataupun kesetiaan terhadap merek tertentu. Dari kepuasaan dan setiaan pelanggan terhadap merek bisa dibentuk loyalitas (Diansyah & Putera 2017). Disisi lain brand equity juga berpengaruh pada customer trust, dimana kesadaran konsumen atas suatu brand akan memberikan rasa yakin dan percaya terhadap brand tersebut (Ramadhan, 2020; Prasetya et al . 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 388, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H1: Brand equity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Satisfaction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 333, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H2: Brand equity berpengaruh langsung terhadap Customer Loyalty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 356, "width": 353, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H3 Brand equity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Trust", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Customer trust berpengaruh terhadap customer loyalty , dikarenakan customer yang puas dan percaya tidak akan merubah aktivitas dan keputusan yang biasa dilakukan, dalam artian konsumen akan setia dan terbiasa dengan suatu brand . (Susilo 2018; Leninkumar 2017; Madjid 2013). Sikap perilaku pelanggan yang dapat menjadi indikator apakah variabel pengalaman merek dan kualitas pelayanan yang diperoleh pelanggan dapat tercapai sebanding dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan sebuah usaha. Ini akan mempengaruhi jangka Panjang perilaku konsumen yang paling menguntungkan bagi perusahaan yaitu loyalitas pelanggan (Cardoso et al., 2022; Supertini et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 412, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H4: Customer Satisfaction berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Loyalty H5: Customer Trust berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Loyalty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 93, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Brand Equity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021), ekuitas merek dianggap sebagai aset yang tidak dapat diraba yang bergantung pada hubungan yang dibuat oleh pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, Kepentingan didasarkan pada kesadaran pelanggan akan suatu merek dan pembentukannya dalam suatu merek selama keberadaannya. Dimana merek juga memberikan nilai tambah yang signifikan jika dikenal dan memiliki asosiasi positif di benak konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ramadhan (2020), Citra merek merujuk pada persepsi gabungan yang terbentuk di pikiran konsumen yang sering menggunakan merek tertentu. Konsep ini terkait", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan individualitas merek. Citra merek yang positif yang terbentuk oleh perusahaan tentang suatu produk mempengaruhi persepsi konsumen terhadap merek tersebut. Menurut Bambang & Heriyanto (2017), Brand equity merupakan dampak atau respon konsumen terhadap produk atau jasa bermerek tersebut. Ekuitas merek mencerminkan bagaimana konsumen dapat menentukan pilihan salah satu dari beberapa produk yang homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 216, "width": 141, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Customer Satisfaction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Reza et al . (2021), Kepuasan pelanggan merupakan Secara keseluruhan, kepuasan pelanggan adalah penilaian yang dibuat pelanggan tentang pembelian mereka baru-baru ini dan penilaian emosional mereka terhadap suatu merek pada waktu tertentu. Pengukuran kepuasan membantu menilai pelanggan untuk menentukan apakah suatu produk atau layanan yang sudah memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Susilo (2018), Kepuasan pelanggan juga tergantung pada banyak aspek seperti fitur barang atau layanan, emosi pelnggan, atribut keberhasilan atau kegagalan pelayanan, aspek tentang keadilan dan serta pelanggan lain seperti anggota keluarga atau rekan kerja. kepuasan pelanggan juga dapat berdampak pada loyalitas pelanggan, pelayanan mereka yang memuaskan kepada pelanggan menjadi bagian yang lebih penting dalam meningkatkan loyalitas. Kepuasan konsumen dapat dilihat sebagai tercapainya tujuan konsumsi yang dialami konsumen, yang menunjukkan apakah layanan memenuhi permintaan dan harapan pelanggan atau tidak (Jung et al . 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Customer Trust", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 444, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ramadhan (2020), bahwa komponen trust terhadap sebuah merek yaitu kategori penting pada penghasilan kesetiaan, dikarenakan ketersediaan pelanggan akan mengakui maupun mempercayakan perlayanan didalam situasi resiko, dengan adanya ekspektasi bahwa perlayanan yang disangkutkan bisa membagikan dampak positif. Kepercayaan berupa ekspektasi atau pengharapan positif mengenai seseorang tidak bisa berlaku secara menerus, baik secara percakapan, perilaku, ataupun kebijakan. Menurut Susanto & Heriyanto (2019) adalah rasa percaya diri konsumen terhadap sifat psikologis suatu produk atau jasa, baik dari segi manfaat fisiknya maupun manfaat yang diciptakannya, termasuk janji perusahaan terhadap produk tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 443, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Marakanon & Panjakajornsak (2017), Pengembangan kepercayaan lebih cocok untuk perdagangan ketika mempertimbangkan pasar bisnis-ke-konsumen. Pelanggan mempercayai organisasi yang lebih bereputasi tinggi, dan pemasaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "organisasi perlu lebih menekankan pada korespondensi kekhasan organisasi daripada fitur produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.4 Customer Loyalty", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 159, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas merupakan harapan dan keinginan kuat dari pelanggan untuk terus konsisten membeli ataupun menggunakan sebuah produk maupun layanan yang disukai (Jung et al . 2020). Loyalitas juga mencerminkan ketika pelanggan menolak tekanan untuk beralih ke merek yang lain. Hasil dari loyalitas ini adalah adanya pembelian secara teratur atau pembelian ulang, yaitu ketika konsumen terus menggunakan produk atau layanan tertentu atau mengonsumsi produk atau layanan yang sama berulang kali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 273, "width": 443, "height": 162, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Bambang & Heriyanto (2017), loyalitas pelanggan bisa mengartikan dengan sesuatu setiaan. Kesetiaan bisa diperoleh tanpa adanya pemaksaan, melainkan muncul dari pemahaman seseorang pada masa lalu. bisnis dijalankan agar terciptanya kepuasan pelanggan mengarah berpengaruh sikap pelanggan. mereka yang puas dengan barang ataupun perlayanan hingga memiiki daya hidup untuk memperkenalkan terhadap siapa saja yang mereka kenalkan. Menurut Susanto & Heriyanto (2019) loyalitas pelanggan didefinisikan sebagai kebiasaan wajib bagi pelanggan untuk repurchase produk atau layanan kesukaan secara continue diwaktu selanjutnya, terlepas dari bagaimana upaya pemasaran dan pengaruh dapat menghasilkan perubahan perilaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 444, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis peneliti ini yang digunakan adalah peneliti kasual komparatif ( casual comparative ) dimana jenis peneliti ini mengandung tolak ukur sebab akibat. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji pengaruh brand equity , brand image , customer satisfaction , customer trust terhadap customer loyalty oleh masyarakat di provinsi kepulauan riau. Penelitian ini dapat dikaitkan oleh peneliti dengan tujuan untuk menambahkan materi yang sebelumnya sudah ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Objek penelitian ini berfokus pada provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 452 responden yang pernah melakukan pembelian produk sneakers brand luar negeri dan brand lokal. peneliti ini dibuat untuk meneliti dan juga mengetahui mengapa orang-orang lebih tertarik dengan produk sneakers brand luar negeri dari pada brand lokal. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 7 bulan mulai dari bulan september sampai dengan bulan maret 2021. Tujuan dalam memilih lokasi penelitian dikarenakan peneliti ingin mencari tahu mengapa orang-orang di provinsi kepulauan Riau lebih tertarik dengan brand luar daripada brand lokal. Dalam penelitian ini, distribusi kuesioner dilakukan melalui platform media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sosial antaralain G-Form, WA, Ig, Line dan Fb. PLS digunakan dalam penelitian untuk menguji lima hipotesis yang diajukan. Sampel penelitian mencakup semua orang di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau yang pernah membeli produk sepatu dari merek internasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 146, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sekaran & Bougie (2016), proses memilih individu, objek, atau peristiwa yang tepat dengan perwakilan untuk semua populasi yang dikenal sebagai sampling. Alasan untuk menggunakan sampel, pada akumulasi data dari semua populasi, sudah jelas. Didalam observasi penenlitian yang melibatkan beberapa ratus dan hingga ribuan elemen, itu akan praktis dan tidak mungkin mengumpulkan data, menguji atau memeriksa dari setiap elemen. Alamsyah et al . (2005) menyatakan bahwa sehubungan objek penelitian cukup luas, maka ukuran sampel dalam peneltian ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode iteratif yang dikemukan oleh machin dan campbell dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 313, "width": 120, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n = (Z1 − + Z 1 − β ) 2 (U  ) 2 + 3", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 444, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diketahui sampel penelitian berjumlah 400 orang, sedangkan data valid yang terkumpul dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 452 orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 412, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Hasil Penelitian Dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Analisis Demografi Statistik Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang telah dikumpulkan dari bulan februari dengan menggunakan google form kepada orang yang berada di provinsi kepulauan riau yang pernah melakukan pembelian produk sneakers brand luar negeri dan brand lokal. Data yang dapat disebarkan untuk responden berjumlah 452 data, yang dimana dari data yang tidak valid berjumlah 28 data. Sehingga dari total data yang sudah diseleksi hingga berjumlah 424 data responden yang akan digunakan untuk mengolah data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 444, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Total responden laki-laki adalah 87 (80.8%), sedangkan responden perempuan berjumlah 365 (19.2%). Selanjutnya, responden usia 18 - 25 tahun berjumlah 429 (94.9%), sementara responden usia 26 - 30 tahun hanya 18 (4%), dan usia 31 - 40 tahun sebanyak 5 (1.1%). Data tersebut memiliki arti bahwa konsumen dengan minat beli tinggi mayoritas berjenis kelamin wanita dan berada pada usia remaja. Selanjutnya responden yang berasal dari Kota Batam sebanyak 275 (60.8%), sedangkan untuk yang berasal dari Kota Tanjung Pinang sebanyak 126 (27.9%) dan reponden yang berasal dari Kota Tanjung Balai Karimun sebanyak 23 (5.1%) dan responden yang berasal dari luar Kepulauan Riau sebanyak 28 /tidak sesuai kriteria (7.1%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 444, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Responden dengan pendidikan terakhir SMA / SMK berjumlah 300 (66.4%), dan untuk responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S1 berjumlah 143 (31.6%) dan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 443, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S2 berjumlah 8 (1.8%) sedangkan untuk responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S3 berjumlah 1 (0.2%). Dari penyebaran kuesioner ini bisa melihat bahwa responden dengan berpendidikan terakhir SMA / SMK lebih mendominan daripada responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S1, S2 dan S3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 443, "height": 238, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah responden dengan pengeluaran kurang dari Rp 1.000.000 per bulan adalah 254 (56.2%), sementara responden dengan pengeluaran antara Rp 2.000.000 - Rp 3.000.000 per bulan berjumlah 147 (32.5%). Adapun responden dengan pengeluaran antara Rp 4.000.000 - Rp 5.000.000 per bulan sebanyak 25 (5.5%), dan responden dengan pengeluaran lebih dari Rp 5.000.000 per bulan berjumlah 26 (5.8%). Dari sebaran data ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden usia remaja yang berpenghasilan rendah memiliki tingkat impulsifitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan usia dewasa dan penghasilan yang lebih tinggi. Selanjutnya responden yang menggunakan atau mendatangi ke merek produk yang sama dalam 1 bulan < 2 kali sebanyak 283 (62.6%), dan untuk yang 3 - 5 kali sebanyak 150 (33.2%) dan untuk 5 -10 kali sebanyak 13 kali (2.9%) sedangkan untuk > 10 kali sebanyak 6 (1.3%). Dari data kunjungan tersebut dapat di simpulkan bahwa responden memiliki tingkat kesetiaan pada suatu merek masih sedikit, dan mayoritas hanya sebatas 1-2 kali kunjungan perbulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 Uji Outer Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 426, "width": 444, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Trenggonowati & Kulsum (2018), validitas data digunakan sebagai pengukuran kesamaan antara indikator hasil pengukuran variabel ataupun konsepsi filosofi yang memberitahukan keberadaan indikator melalui uji variabel tersebut. validitas data yang berkaitan dengan prinsip bahwa indikator dari suatu konstruk yang harusnya berkolerasi besar. Uji validitas data bisa pertimbangkan dalam dua tahapan yaitu dengan cara outer loadings dan average variance extracted (AVE).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 540, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Uji AVE (Average Variance Extracted)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 566, "width": 393, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan AVE Keterangan Brand Equity 0,722 Valid Customer Loyalty 0,772 Valid Customer Satisfaction 0,693 Valid Customer Trust 0,823 Valid Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 656, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel 1 membuktikan bahwa semua pernyataan variabel sudah memenuhi nilai ketentuannya yaitu > 0,5 maka dari itu bisa dikatakan valid semua. Dan untuk tahapan uji AVE ( average variance extracted ) ini dinyatakan lolos.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3 Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hair et al . (2018), menyatakan bahwa pengujian reliabilitas bertujuan untuk menunjukkan stabilitas dan ketepatan instrumen dalam mengukur konstruk. Pengujian reliabilitas dilakukan melalui dua metode, yaitu cronbach’s alpha dan composite reliability. Konstruk yang memiliki nilai cronbach’s alpha dan composite reliability lebih besar dari 0.6 dianggap reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 422, "height": 132, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Cronbach’s Alpha Dan Composite Reliability Pernyataan Cronbach’s Alpha Composite Reliability Keterangan Brand Equity 0,863 0,910 Reliabel Customer Loyalty 0,853 0,910 Reliabel Customer Satisfaction 0,778 0,871 Reliabel Customer Trust 0,893 0,933 Reliabel Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel 2 membuktikan bahwa semua pernyataan variabel sudah memenuhi nilai ketentuannya yaitu > 0,6 maka dari itu bisa dikatakan reliabel semua. Dan untuk tahapan uji cronbach’s alpha ini dinyatakan lolos Sedangkan composite reliability membuktikan bahwa semua pernyataan variabel sudah memenuhi nilai ketentuannya yaitu > 0,6 maka dari itu bisa dikatakan reliabel semua. Dan untuk tahapan uji composite reliability ini dinyatakan lolos.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 473, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4 Uji Inner model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Hair et al . (2018), model yang digunakan dalam menguji hubungan antar variabel secara langsung ataupun secara tidak langsung. Variabel yang dinyatakana berpengaruh signifikan ketika nilai P values < 0,05 sedangkan pada kolom sample mean merupakan nilai-nilai yang menunjukkan arah dan besarnya penagruh masing-masing variabel laten satu dengan variabel lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 586, "width": 258, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Direct Effect (Path Coefficients)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 377, "height": 88, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Sample Mean P Values Hipotesis BE -> CL 0,650 0,000 Diterima BE -> CS 0,799 0,000 Diterima BE -> CT 0,756 0,000 Diterima CS -> CL 0,029 0,809 Ditolak CT -> CL 0,244 0,027 Diterima Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 715, "width": 444, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Hair et al . (2018) dan Rakhmawati et al., (2019), indirect effect menunjukkan pengaruh tidak langsung antar variabel, variabel yang dinyatakan berpengaruh signifikan ketika p values < 0,05 sedangkan pada kolom sample mean", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "merupakan nilai-nilai yang menunjukkan arah dan besarnya pengaruh masing-masing variabel laten satu dengan variabel lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 137, "width": 391, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Indirect Effect Variabel Sample Mean P Values Kesimpulan BE -> CS -> CL 0,071 0,067 Tidak Signifikan BE -> CT -> CL 0,163 0,000 Signifikan Positif", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.5 Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R Squared)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 246, "width": 443, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah menguji direct dan indirect effect juga perlu memperhatikan kekuatan prediksi dari model struktual. Variabel dinyatakan strong ketika nilai R squared adjusted > 0,50 yang menunjukkan hasil prediksi pada kategori strong (Hair et al ., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 312, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R Squared)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 326, "width": 406, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel R Squared Adjusted Kesimpulan Customer Loyalty 0,609 Strong Customer Satisfaction 0,452 Weak Customer Trust 0,456 Weak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 385, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6 Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 425, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.1 Brand equity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer satisfaction", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 444, "height": 142, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa brand equity berpengaruh pada customer satisfaction yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai rerata sampel sebesar 0,684 dan nilai P sebesar 0,000. Artinya brand equity 68,4% dipengaruhi oleh kepuasan pelanggan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di kepulauan Riau sangat merasa puas dengan ekuitas brand sneaker dari luar negeri, hal ini ditampakkan dengan melakukan pembelian, pemakaian dan pemberian ulasan positif dan pemberian rekomendasi pada lingkungan/ teman. Hasil yang sama juga ditemukan pada penelitian Torres & Tribó (2011) dan (Ahmad & Sherwani, 2015) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 401, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.2 Brand equity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 444, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,605 dan P values 0,000. Artinya kesadaran merek yang di miliki pelanggan akibat dari effort perusahaan asing atas produk sneaker nya membuat pelanggan setia dan menggunakan produknya secara terus menerus. Hal ini juga dikarenakan upaya branding produk-produk sneaker dari luar negeri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "selalu kontinyu dalam melakukan upaya branding , sehingga hal tersebut menanamkan ingatan di benak konsumen tentang kehandalan produk dan rasa yakin serta menanamkan perilaku kebiasaan dalam menentukan kebiasaan. Adapun hasil ini didukung oleh preview research Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021), Ramadhan (2020), Diansyah & Putera (2017), (Bambang & Heriyanto, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 395, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.3 Brand equity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer Trust", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 219, "width": 444, "height": 124, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,676 dan P values 0,000, pengaruh positif signifikan ini ditemukan dengan penjelasan bahwa brand equity mencerminkan persepsi dan penilaian positif konsumen terhadap suatu merek. Ketika sebuah merek sneaker memiliki ekuitas yang kuat, itu berarti merek tersebut telah berhasil membangun reputasi yang baik, menghadirkan nilai yang diakui, dan menciptakan hubungan emosional dengan pelanggannya. Hasil ini sesuai dengan observasi yang dilakukan oleh Ramadhan (2020) dan (Prasetya et al ., 2014) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 365, "width": 440, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.4 Customer satisfaction tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap customer loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 444, "height": 181, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,028 dan P values 0,740 artinya tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dapat bervariasi dari satu pelanggan ke pelanggan lainnya. Beberapa pelanggan mungkin puas dengan pelayanan atau produk sneaker yang mereka terima, tetapi hal ini tidak selalu berarti mereka akan menjadi pelanggan yang setia. Faktor-faktor lain seperti preferensi merek, harga, atau promosi juga dapat mempengaruhi keputusan mereka untuk tetap setia atau beralih ke merek sneaker lain (Rohmah & Arieba, 2019; Fatimah, 2014; Sinollah, 2022; Wusko, 2015) . Dalam kata lain kepuasan saja tidak menunjukkan loyalitas pelanggan, karena mungkin tidak cukup untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana rentan perusahaan terhadap perilaku pelanggan. Adapun penelitian terdahulu yang sesuai antaralain; Ganiyu (2017) dan (Minarti & Segoro, 2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 412, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.5 Customer trust memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,222 dan P values 0,007 artinya sebesar 22% customer trust berperan sebagai fondasi dalam membangun hubungan yang berkelanjutan dengan pelanggan. Tingkat kepercayaan yang tinggi menciptakan rasa puas emosional dan psikologis, yang pada gilirannya membentuk loyalitas dan komitmen jangka panjang dari pelanggan terhadap merek sneaker. Dengan adanya dukungan dan loyalitas ini, merek sneaker asing memiliki kesempatan yang lebih besar untuk mempertahankan pelanggan, meningkatkan nilai pelanggan, dan mencapai keberhasilan jangka panjang dalam pasar yang kompetitif. Hasil ini sesuai dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "observasi yang dilakukan oleh Jung et al . (2020), Ramadhan (2020), Susanto & Heriyanto (2019), Leninkumar (2017) dan (Madjid, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.6 Hasil pengaruh tidak langsung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 444, "height": 276, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terdapat dua Temuan hubungan tidak langsung. Pertama, brand equity terhadap customer loyalty melalui customer satifaction, ditemukan pengaruh tidak signifikan ini dikarenakan brand equity melibatkan banyak aspek lain selain kepuasan pelanggan, seperti reputasi merek. Alasan selanjutnya hubungan tidak signifikan ini adalah brand equity mempengaruhi loyalitas walaupun tidak ada kepuasan dari konsumen, hal ini dapat dikarenakan faktor lain seperti keterikatan emosional terhadap merek sneakers tertentu, pengalaman dan ingatan responden atas penggunaan suatu produk tertentu (Rohmah & Arieba, 2019; Fatimah, 2014; Sinollah, 2022; Wusko, 2015). Selanjutnya hasil yang tidak signifikan ini dikarenakan ada variabel mediasi lain yang lebih dominan dalam mempengaruhi hubungan antara customer satisfaction dan customer loyalty yakni customer trust kepercayaan konsumen berfungsi sebagai jembatan penting dalam membentuk hubungan antara brand equity dan loyalitas. Kepercayaan menciptakan landasan yang kuat untuk membangun loyalitas konsumen, membantu merek mencapai retensi pelanggan yang lebih baik, dan mempertahankan posisi yang kuat di pasar yang kompetitif (Hamid et al., 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kesimpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kecenderungan sifat konsumerisme terhadap produk sneaker asing ditunjukkan dengan tingkat kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan pada brand asing, akibat dari tingginya konsistensi dan upaya branding sneaker dari luar negeri, namun ditemukan bahwa pelanggan yang tertarik dan puas dalam melakukan pembelian sneaker asing tidak loyal terhadap satu merek saja diakibatkan beberapa kemungkinan pertimbangan yang tidak tercantum dalam penelitian ini seperti harga, kualitas, pelayanan maupun promosi, dimana faktor kemungkinan-kemungkinan tersebut akan sangat baik dan disarankan untuk dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 444, "height": 104, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun saran yang bisa diberikan agar pengusaha lokal lebih memperhatikan kebutuhan pelanggan dan memastikan produk tersebut aman dan memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan, seperti menyediakan merek produk yang berbeda maka dari itu konsumen dapat menentukan produk yang mereka inginkan, dan meningkatkan kapanilitas layanan untuk mencapai kepuasan pelanggan, sehingga menciptakan kepuasan pelanggan hal ini dapat menimbulkan suatu kepercayaan terhadap merek dibenak pelanggan. Perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sneaker lokal juga bisa lebih meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan mereka supaya pelanggan tetap setia terus dengan meningkatkan strategi manajemen perusahaan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk sampel penelitian bukan hanya pada orang-orang yang berada di provinsi kepulauan riau akan tetapi juga yang berada diluar kepulauan riau untuk menyempurnakan penelitian ini dengan komperhensif. Dan untuk variabel independent lainnya disarankan untuk mencoba menguji variabel lainnya yang mungkin berpengaruhi secara signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdul Hamid, Mokhammad Natsir, & Harianto Respati. (2022). Pengaruh Customer Trust dan Customer Satisfaction Terhadap Brand Loyalty Melalui E-WOM. SKETSA BISNIS , 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.35891/jsb.v9i1.2800", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad, F., & Sherwani, N. U. K. (2015). An Empirical Study on the effect of Brand Equity of Mobile Phones on Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Marketing Studies , 7 (2), 59 –69. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n2p59", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 356, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alamsyah, F., Oktini, D. R., & Muchlis, R. D. (2005). Pengaruh Karakteristik Konsumen Dan Penjual Serta Unsur Produk Terhadap Tingkat Konsumen Teh (Kasus pada Konsumen Rumah Tangga di Daerah Pemasaran Kota Bandung) . XXI (3), 311 –341.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ayesh, L., & Al-Zyoud, M. F. (2021). The Influence of Brand Equity on Customer Loyalty in Starbucks Chain in Jordan. 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890117e8-4342-4391-ca05-d9d7ab7b4d2b	https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/biodik/article/download/11267/10753	[ { "left": 193, "top": 50, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 64, "width": 244, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2580-0922 ( online ), ISSN 2460-2612 ( print ) Volume 7, Nomor 01, Tahun 2021, Hal. 53-61 Available online at: https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/biodik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 792, "width": 199, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": https://doi.org. 10.22437/bio.v7i01.11267.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 145, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research Article", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 158, "top": 165, "width": 313, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan Komik Biologi Pada Materi Pteridophyta", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 181, "width": 100, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk Siswa SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 213, "width": 409, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Development of Biological Comics on Pteridophyta Material for High School Students)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 241, "width": 381, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena, Revis Asra, Bambang Hariyadi Program Magister Pendidikan IPA Universitas Jambi Jl. Raden Mattaher No.21, Ps. Jambi, Kota Jambi, Jambi 36133, Indonesia Corresponding Authors : [email protected] Informasi Artikel ABSTRACT Submit: 29 – 12 – 2020 Diterima: 27 – 02 – 2021 Dipublikasikan: 14 – 03 – 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 318, "width": 450, "height": 328, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is the background of the problems that occur in school, namely, lack of interest in reading in students, students tend to choose subjects they like and student learning outcomes are still low seen from their KKM scores. The research objective was to develop comics on Pteridophyta material for class X SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. The research method uses development research with the ADDIE model. The stages include Analysis, Disgn, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Products in the form of comics are needed to attract students' interest in reading. Products are validated by media experts and material experts. Validation by material experts was carried out 3 (three) times, with a final percentage of 80% meaning that the comic was in the valid category with a reasonable conclusion to be produced with revisions according to the suggestions. Meanwhile, the validation by media experts was carried out 2 (two) times by obtaining a percentage of 88%, meaning that the comic was in the very valid category with the conclusion that it was feasible to be produced with revisions according to the suggestions. The comic on Pteridophyta material for high school class X students obtained practical feasibility in the very good category. Practical feasibility was obtained from teachers and students in group trials. Eligibility of the teacher with a percentage of 88.24%, small group trials with a percentage of 85.33%, trials of two large groups with a percentage of 84.67% and 84.08% respectively. From the two large group trials, an agreement was obtained that strong and significant enough regarding the feasibility of comics on Pteridophyta material for class X high school students. Thus, the development carried out on products in the form of comics on Pteridophyta material can be produced and used in Biology learning in class X. Keywords: Development, Comic, Pteridophyta Penerbit ABSTRAK Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jambi Penelitian ini melatar belakangi masalah yang terjadi disekolah diantaranya yaitu,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 225, "top": 617, "width": 316, "height": 160, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurangnya minat baca pada siswa, siswa cenderung memilih mata pelajaran yang disukai dan hasil belajaar siswa yang masih rendah dilihat dari nilai KKM-nya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengembangkan komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Tahapan meliputi Analys, Disgn, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation. Produk berupa komik dibutuhkan untuk menarik minat baca siswa. Produk di validasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Validasi oleh ahli materi dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali, dengan memperoleh persentase akhir 80% artinya komik berada dalam kategori valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Sedangkan validasi oleh ahli media dilakukan 2 (dua) kali dengan memperoleh persentase 88%, artinya komik berada dalam kategori sangat valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X memperoleh kelayakan secara praktis dengan kategori", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 225, "top": 70, "width": 315, "height": 103, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sangat baik. Kelayakan praktis diperoleh dari guru dan siswa pada uji coba kelompok. Kelayakan dari guru dengan persentase sebesar 88,24%, ujicoba kelompok kecil dengan persentase 85,33%, uji coba dua kelompok besar dengan masing-masing persentase 84,67% dan 84,08%.Dari uji coba dua kelompok besar didapat kesepakatan yang cukup kuat dan signifikan mengenai kelayakan komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X. Dengan demikian, pengembangan yang dilakukan pada produk berupa komik pada materi Pteridophyta dapat diproduksi dan digunakan dalam pembelajaran Biologi pada kelas X. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, Komik, Pteridophyta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 457, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This BIODIK : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 79, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 267, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran Biologi merupakan salah satu bagian dari pembelajaran sains yang dipelajari mulai dari jenjang Sekolah Dasar sampai perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Pada jenjang SMA pembelajaran Biologi bertujuan untuk menumbuh kembangkan sikap ilmiah, membentuk sikap positif terhadap objek ciptaan Tuhan dan menumbuh kembangkan sikap analisis terhadap alam semesta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biologi merupakan ilmu pengetahuan yang membahas berbagai macam kehidupan di alam. Kegiatan belajar dan mengajar ilmu Biologi dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar yang baik dan bermakna bagi peserta didik untuk tiap sub pokok bahasan materi Biologi yang akan diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 456, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada mata pelajaran Biologi terdapat beberapa materi dan berbagai pokok bahasan dan sub pokok bahasan. Salah satu dari materi Biologi yaitu Tumbuhan ( Plantae ). Tumbuhan ( Plantae ) merupakan pelajaran Biologi di kelas X Sekolah SMA semester genap (semester II). Tumbuhan adalah suatu organisme yang memanfaatkan cahaya matahari sebagai sumber energi dan menggunakannya untuk menghasilkan makanan yang dibutuhkan untuk tumbuh dan bertahan hidup. Sel-sel tumbuhan memiliki dinding luar yang kuat dan tersusun oleh suatu senyawa, yaitu selulose yang menjadikannya dinding-dinding itu padat. Tumbuhan berkembang biak dengan cara menurunkan pesan genetiknya pada semua keturunan yang bentuknya menyerupai mereka. Ada sekitar 275.000 sampai 300.000 spesies tumbuhan spesies-spesies baru terus ditemukan, terutama di wilayah-wilayah tropis dunia yang belum pernah dijelajahi (Safitri, 2016: 177-179).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ilmu tumbuhan pada masa sekarang telah mengalami kemajuan, hingga bidang-bidang pengetahuan yang semula hanya merupakan cabang-cabang ilmu tumbuhan saja, sekarang ini telah menjadi ilmu yang berdiri sendiri, seperti Morfologi Tumbuhan dan Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Tumbuhan mempunyai fungsi yang sangat utama bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Tumbuhan merupakan produsen bagi kehidupan, penghasil makanan dan oksigen bagi lingkungan. Jika dunia hijau karena tumbuhan, maka selamatlah lingkungan dari kerusakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 457, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada materi tumbuhan dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu tumbuhan lumut ( Bryophyta ), tumbuhan paku ( Pteridophyta ) dan tumbuhan biji ( Spermatophyta ). Tumbuhan paku merupakan sekelompok tumbuhan dengan sistem pembuluh sejati, tapi tidak pernah menghasilkan biji. Materi tumbuhan paku ( Pteridophyta ) menjadi penting dan perlu disampaikan kepada siswa. Tumbuhan paku ini merupakan suatu devisi yang warganya telah jelas mempunyai kormus, artinya tubuhnya dengan nyata dapat dibedakan dalam tiga bagian pokok, yaitu akar, batang dan daun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui dunia pendidikan, diharapkan siswa dapat mengubah pola pikir dan perilaku terhadap tumbuh-tumbuhan. Misalnya sebagai siswa, mereka seharusnya tahu manfaat tumbuhan bagi kehidupan manusia. Dengan pengetahuan tersebut, siswa tidak akan menyia-nyiakan tumbuh- tumbuhan, seperti menebang pohon di hutan, membakar hutan, dan lain sebagainya. Siswa akan lebih menjaga kelestarian tumbuhan. Menanam pohon adalah bentuk pedauli terhadap tumbuh-tumbuhan. Karena tidak ada satupun makhluk ciptaan tuhan yang tidak ada manfaatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 456, "height": 96, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena tumbuhan sangat berperan penting bagi kehidupan manusia, terlebih tumbuhan paku, maka ada baiknya siswa juga perlu mengetahui manfaat dari tumbuhan paku, baik bagi kehidupan manusia, maupun bagi alam sekitar. Tumbuhan paku ( Pteridophyta ) selain bermanfaat sebagai bahan makanan, juga bermanfaat untuk tanaman hias, obat-obatan serta sebagai pupuk hijau. Banyak sekali manfaat dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, terutama tumbuhan paku. Namun terkadang siswa tidak mengetahuinya dikarenakan mereka kurang membaca. Sehingga hal itulah yang menyebabkan hasil belajar siswa tidak sesuai dengan apa yang mereka harapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 456, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar siswa tertarik untuk membaca buku pelajaran, maka ada baiknya buku pelajaran tersebut dikembangkan. Salah satu bentuk media pelajaran yang menarik minat baca siswa adalah komik. Untuk mengetahui keseriusan siswa dalam membaca serta mempelajari bahasan buku pelajaran yang berbentuk komik, maka diberikan angket analisis kebutuhan siswa kepada dua kelas sejumlah lebih dari 60 angket. 85% siswa menjawab beberapa pertanyaan bahwa mereka mau membaca buku biologi yang berbentuk komik dengan pokok bahasan tumbuhan paku, serta mereka merasa perlu media/tambahan buku penunjang biologi yang berbentuk komik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 456, "height": 179, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian penggunaan komik di dalam dunia pendidikan sebelumnya telah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti. Diantaranya penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Akbar (2015:750-754), yang menyatakan bahwa penggunaan media komik dapat menarik perhatian siswa, sehingga dapat menumbuhkan minat belajar siswa. Selanjutnya penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wahyuningsih (2011:102-110), di dalam penelitiannya menjelaskan ada 3 manfaat dari penggunaan media komik. (1) media komik dapat membantu siswa dari kesulitan dalam mempelajari materi sistem saraf manusia yang banyak memiliki istilah-istilah ilmiah atau bahasa ilmiah. (2) komik dapat membuat siswa merasa tertarik dan berminat untuk membaca materi sistem saraf manusia, dan (3) penggunaan media komik mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Selanjutnya dalam penelitian Novianti dan Syaichudin (2010:74-85), ditemukan bahwa media komik dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Kemudian, Handayani (2010:482-490) mengungkapkan bahwa komik sebagai media dalam pe/mberian informasi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa. Dimana dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan sebesar tiga kali dan sikap sebesar empat kali dibanding dengan media grafis lainnya (leaflet)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 456, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian di atas merupakan penelitian mengenai penggunaan media komik dalam pembelajaran ataupun sebagai media untuk menyampaikan informasi. Akan tetapi, sejauh ini belum dikembangkan komik yang berisi materi Pteridophyta . Pengembangan media komik pada materi Pteridophyta dilakukan karena kurangnya pengetahuan siswa mengenai ciri-ciri dan manfaat tumbuhan paku. Melalui materi Pteridophyta yang disajikan melalui komik, dimana penyajian komik dilengkapi dengan gambar atau ilustrasi, alur cerita serta penggunaan bahasa yang singkat dan jelas. Komik merupakan cerita bergambar ataupun ilustrasi yang dapat membuat siswa mengetahui alur cerita ataupun arah cerita yang disampaikan. Dimana dalam komik tersebut yang menjadi tokoh utamanya adalah tumbuhan paku itu sendiri. Penggunaan bahasa dalam komik sangat singkat, jelas dan menarik perhatian dan minat baca siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 109, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 609, "width": 457, "height": 138, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan atau disebut dengan Research and Development (R & D). Menurut Goll, Gall dan Borg, Research and Development (R & D) dalam pendidikan adalah sebuah model pengembangan dimana temuan penelitian digunakan untuk merancang produk dan prosedur baru, yang kemudian secara sistematis diuji di lapangan, dievaluasi dan disempurnakan hingga produk memenuhi kriteria tertentu, yaitu efektivitas dan berkualitas (Putra, 2013:84). Penelitian ini mengembangkan suatu media berupa Komik sebagai media pembelajaran biologi, pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa kelas X SMA. Dalam proses pengembangan komik tersebut, menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Model ADDIE terdiri dari 5 tahapan kegiatan, yaitu Analysis (Analisis), Design (Rekabentuk), Development (Pembangunan), Implementation (Pelaksanaan), Evaluation (Penilaian). Yang menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 119, "width": 217, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revision Revision Revision Revision", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dasar pertimbangan untuk pemilihan model ADDIE adalah karena sederhana dan bersifat sistematis. Adapun tahapan dari model ADDIE dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 323, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Model pengembangan ADDIE oleh Reiser & Dempsey Sumber:(Barokati & Anas, 2013:355)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 276, "width": 464, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket, wawancara dan observasi. Menurut Sugiyono (2014), “Angket merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya”. Angket merupakan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau penyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya (Sugiyono, 2012:142). Angket awal diberikan kepada guru Biologi dan siswa SMAN 2 Kota Sungai Penuh kelas X. Angket awal bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi dan masalah-masalah dilapangan sehingga perlu dilakukannya suatu pengembangan media komik pada materi Ptetridophyta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 386, "width": 456, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Angket awal guru terdiri dari 11 pertanyaan dengan bentuk esai. Sedangkan ada 2 angket awal siswa yang masing-masing terdiri dari 16 butir pertanyaan dengan skala Guttman. Skala Guttman merupakan skala yang menggunakan dua jawaban secara tegas dan konsisten, seperti: ya-tidak, benar-salah, pernah-tidak pernah, senang-tidak senang dan sebagainya (Iskandar, 2008:83). Angket validasi ahli menggunakan skala Likert. Skala Likert digunakan untuk mengukur sikap, pendapat, dan persepsi seseorang atau sekelompok orang tentang fenomena sosial. Dalam penelitian, fenomenan sosial ini telah ditetapkan secara spesifik oleh peneliti, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai variabel penelitian. Dengan skala Likert, maka variabel yang akan diukur dijabarkan menjadi indikator variabel. Kemudian indikator tersebut dijadikan sebagai titik tolak untuk menyusun item-item instrumen yang dapat berupa pernyataan atau pertanyaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 524, "width": 459, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala Likert menggunakan beberapa item pertanyaan untuk mengukur perilaku seseorang dengan merespon 5 pilihan pada setiap item pertanyaan (sangat setuju, setuju, netral, tidak setuju, sangat tidak setuju) (Budiaji, 2013:128). Angket validasi diberikan kepada ahli materi dan ahli media. Hasil dari angket tersebut akan digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penentuan kualitas kelayakan materi dan media komik yang telah dibuat. Angket ahli materi berjumlah 15 pernyataan positif dan angket validasi ahli media berjumlah 20 pernyataan positif. Angket respon berisikan pernyataan berkaitan dengan media komik yang digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kepraktisan komik yang dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 644, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Kategori tingkat validitas media pembelajaran komik oleh ahli materi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 666, "width": 365, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Skala Nilai Skor Persentase (%) Kategori 1 5 63-75 84-100 Sangat Valid 2 4 51-62,9 68-83,87 Valid 3 3 39-50,9 52-67,87 Cukup Valid 4 2 27-38,9 36-5067 Tidak Valid 5 1 15-26,9 20-35,87 Sangat Tidak Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 112, "width": 257, "height": 118, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analyze Design Implement Evalute Develop", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 459, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah memperoleh skor terendah, skor tertinggi dan mengetahui rentang nilai. Maka diperoleh tingkat validitas media komik menggunakan klasifikasi dengan ketentuan seperti pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 121, "width": 365, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Kategori tingkat validitas media pembelajaran komik oleh ahli media No Skala Nilai Skor Persentase (%) Kategori 1 5 84-100 84-100 Sangat Valid 2 4 68-83,9 68-83,87 Valid 3 3 52-67,9 52-67,87 Cukup Valid 4 2 36-51,9 36-5067 Tidak Valid 5 1 20-35,9 20-35,87 Sangat Tidak Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 191, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 258, "width": 456, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini merupakan sebuah media komik untuk siswa SMA kelas X pada mata pelajaran Biologi materi Pteridophyta, Komik yang dikembangkan menggunakan model ADDIE. Adapun model pengembangan ADDIE terdiri dari 5 tahapan kegiatan, yaitu Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi), Evaluation (Evaluasi). Berikut adalah hasil pengembangan media komik yang telah diperoleh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 459, "height": 110, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap analisis bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi atau data yang berkaitan dengan proses pembelajaran Biologi. Analisis kebutuhan dilakukan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan siswa, permasalahan belajar, silabus dan materi. Setelah melakukan analisis kebutuhan, selanjutnya dilakukan tahap desain komik Biologi pada materi Pteridophyta untuk digunakan peserta didik sebagai salah satu media dalam pembelajaran Biologi. Tahapan pengembangan merupakan tahapan untuk mewujudkan desain yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa. Setelah produk berupa media komik telah selesai dibuat, maka produk siap untuk dilakukan validasi oleh dua orang ahli, yaitu ahli materi dan media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 457, "width": 456, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan pengembangan merupakan tahapan untuk mewujudkan desain yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa. Setelah produk berupa media komik telah selesai dibuat, maka produk siap untuk dilakukan validasi oleh dua orang ahli, yaitu ahli materi dan media. Setelah proses validasi selesai dan dilakukan ujicoba pada kelompok kecil, maka selanjutnya dilakukan ujicoba untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang keterpakaian media komik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 459, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap evaluasi selalu dilakukan pada setiap tahap pengembangan (evaluasi formatif) guna mengevaluasi proses setiap tahapan yang telah dilakukan, untuk menentukan langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan selanjutnya.Selain evaluasi yang dilakukan disetiap tahapan pengembangan, dilakukan juga evaluasi sumatif terhadap produk yang dihasilkan yaitu media pembelajaran komik. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran komik yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu media alternatif pada pembelajaran Biologi, khususnya pada materi Pteridophyta .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 629, "width": 459, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komik yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya telah melalui validasi terlebih dahulu yaitu divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media sebelum diujicobakan kelapangan. Dimana hasil akhir dari produk media yang dikembangkan yaitu komik Biologi materi Pteridophyta . Validasi terhadap komik bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan komik mulai dari desain cover, desain isi, kelayakan isi, penyajian, dan tata bahasa dalam komik. validasi dilakukan oleh dua validator yang terdiri dari validator ahli media dan validator ahli materi. Tahapan validitas ahli materi dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 246, "top": 245, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Tahapan Validsi materi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Gambar 1 diketahui validasi dari ahli materi dilakukan sebanyak tiga tahap, tahap pertama dengan kategori cukup valid, tahap kedua dengan kategori valid, dan tahap ketiga dengan kategori valid dan layak diujicobakan di lapangan. Berdasarkan validasi ahli materi produk yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi maka diperoleh hasil bahwa materi dalam komik Biologi pada materi Pteridophyta sudah memenuhi kriteria dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik dan sesuai materi pembelajaran. komik yang dikembangkan sudah mengaitkan isi materi dengan kurikulum yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran Biologi, Bahasa yang digunakan dalam komik sangat sederhana, mudah dimengerti dan dipahami. komik juga menampilkan karakter tokoh yang unik, sehingga mendorong peserta didik lebih termotivasi untuk mempelajari materi pada Pteridophyta .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 400, "width": 456, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komik yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar yang diambil dari kurikulum yang digunakan dan materi yang digunakan sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar, hal ini senada dengan pendapat Prastowo (2015), (1) kompetensi dasar yang tercantum dalam komik diambil dari pedoman khusus kurikulum, selanjutnya indikator keluasan materi yang disajikan mendukung pencapaian kompetensidasar (2) materi atau isi komik akan sangat bergantung pada kompetensi dasar yang akan dicapai, selanjutnya indikator ke dalaman materi yang disajikan sesuai dengan tingkat pendidikan peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 713, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Tahapan Validasi Media", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 128, "top": 511, "width": 266, "height": 184, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% TAHAP I TAHAP II", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 457, "height": 138, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 3 dapat diketahui validasi ahli media pada tahap pertama dengan kategori valid, maka perlu adanya perbaikan terhadap komik yang dikembangkan, pada tahap kedua dengan kategori Sangat valid, semua aspek sudah sesuai. Komik yang dikembangkan sudah sesuai dengan karakteristik peserta didik, dimana menurut Haryanto (2013:87) menjelaskan pada masa remaja 12-21, peserta didik sudah mempunyai kemandirian, tanggung jawab, keterampilan intelektual dan konsep membantu peserta didik dalam belajar. Berdasarkan hasil respon guru terhadap komik yang dikembangkan menunjukkan bahwa komik pada materi Pteridophyta memperoleh kategori sangat baik. Pada komik yang dikembangkan gaya penulisan sangat mudah dipahami peserta didik, hal ini sesuai dengan yang diungkapkan Prastowo (2015), yang mengatakan bahwa, gaya penulisan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan harus disesuaikan dengan materi dan kemampuan peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 217, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respon guru juga menunjukan sangat baik dalam hal ini gambar yang ditampilkan dalam komik yang dikembangkan sangat praktis, gambar-gambar yang ditampilkan dalam komik juga jelas dan menggunakan bahasa yang sederhana yang mudah dimengerti serta memiliki waktu yang lebih efisien. Untuk hasil respon siswa dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 541, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4 hasil respon peserta didik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 562, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar 4 respon siswa dalam hal ini uji coba kelompok kecil terhadap komik yang dikembangkan sangat baik dengan persentase 91% untuk uji coba kelompok kecil dan 87,5% uji coba kelompok besar. Komik yang disajikan memuat gambar-gambar yang unik dan menarik. Menurut Haka, N. B. (2020) komik dapat mempermudah pembelajaran biologi bagi peserta didik. Utariyanti, I. F. Z., Wahyuni, S., & Zaenab, S. (2016) menambahkan bahwa komik dapat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran biolgi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 68, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 462, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa Media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE. Model ADDIE terdiri dari 5 tahapan kegiatan, pertama tahap analysis (analisis) dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi dan memberikan angket awal kepada guru dan siswa. Kedua, tahap design (perancangan) komik dirancang sedemikian rupa mulai dari tampilan komik, komponen/lembaran komik hingga proses pembuatan komik (terdiri dari: pembuatan alur cerita, penentuan tokoh dan karakter dan pengerjaan komik). Ketiga,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 313, "width": 288, "height": 201, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "87,5 88 88,5 89 89,5 90 90,5 91 91,5 Uji coba kelompok Besar Uji coba kelompok Kecil", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 464, "height": 234, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahap development (Pengembangan) menghasilkan media komik kemudian dilakukan validasi oleh dua orang ahli hingga dinyatakan layak dan diujicobakan pada kelompok kecil. Keempat, tahap implementation (implementasi) dilakukan ujicoba pada guru dan dua kelompok besar. Kelima, tahap evaluation (evaluasi) dilakukan secara formatif dan sumatif. Media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X memperoleh kelayakan secara teoritis dari dua orang ahli, yaitu ahli materi dan ahli media. Validasi oleh ahli materi dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali, dengan memperoleh persentase akhir 80% artinya komik berada dalam kategori valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Sedangkan validasi oleh ahli media dilakukan 2 (dua) kali dengan memperoleh persentase 88%, artinya komik beradadalam kategori sangat valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X memperoleh kelayakan kelayakan secara praktis dengan kategori sangat baik. Kelayakan praktis diperoleh dari guru dan siswa pada uji coba kelompok. Kelayakan dari guru dengan persentase sebesar 88,24%, ujicoba kelompok kecil dengan persentase 85,33%, uji coba dua kelompok besar dengan masing-masing persentase 84,67% dan 84,08%.Dari uji coba dua kelompok besar didapat kesepakatan yang cukup kuat dan signifikan mengenai kelayakan media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 343, "width": 456, "height": 304, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam proses penyusunan hingga terselesaikannya tesis ini tidak terlepas dari bimbingan, arahan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak, untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar- besarnya terutama kepada yang terhormat Ibu Dr. Revis Asra, S.Si, M.Si selaku pembimbing I, Bapak Ir. Bambang Hariyadi, M.Si., Ph.D selaku pembimbing II dan sekaligus sebagai ketua Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam yang telah membimbing dan memotivasi penulis selama proses penyelesaian tesis ini. Tak lupa pula penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada yang terhormat: Rektor Universitas Jambi dan Direktur Program Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi. Bapak Prof. Dr. Aprizal Lukman, M.Pd selaku penguji I dan Bapak Dr. Nazaruddin, M.Si selaku penguji II. Ibu Dr. Yusnaidar, S.Si, M.Si selaku sekretaris program studi Magister Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jambi. Ibu Dr. Upik Yelianti, M.S selaku validator materi dan Ibu Dr. Wilda Syahri selaku validator media. Bapak dan Ibu dosen khususnya dosen program Studi Magister Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu kepada penulis selama mengikuti pendidikan di Program Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi. Bapak Syahdanur Gusmin R, S.Pd, MM selaku kepala SMA N 2 Sungai Penuh yang telah memberikan izin untuk melakukan penelitian dan Ibu Novia Rahayu, S.Pd selaku guru Biologi dan responden di SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh Siswa siswi kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh yang telah membantu sebagai responden dalam penyelesaian tesis ini. Kedua orang tua tercinta Ayahanda Ahmad Darwin dan ibunda Wardiah yang telah memberikan do’a, semangat, dukungan dan dari tetes keringat merekalah tesis ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Teman-teman seperjuangan pada program magister pendidikan IPA Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi yang telah membantu dan memberikan dukungan dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu yang telah memberikan bantuan berupa moril dan materil kepada penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 94, "width": 459, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akbar, OA. (2015). Minat Belajar Siswa terhadap Media Komik Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Kelas XI SMA . BioEdu, 4 (1), 750-754. Arahim, Z., dkk. (2009). Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam untuk SMP/MTs Kelas VII . Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.Ariesta, O. (2013). Kebudayaan Lokal Sebagai Potensi dalam Berkarya Komik. Bercadik, 1 (1), 95-110.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 173, "width": 457, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budiaji, W. (2013). Skala Pengukuran dan Jumlah Respon Skala Likert . Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian dan Perikanan [JIPP], 2 (2), 127-133.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 205, "width": 459, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gumelar, MS. (2011). Cara Membuat Komik . Jakarta: PT. Indeks. Handayani, S. (2010). Perbandingan Efektifitas Pemberian Informasi Melalui Media Cerita Bergambar (Komik) Versi BKKBN dengan Media Leaflet . Gaster, 7 (1), 482-490. Haka, N. B. (2020). Pengembangan Komik Manga Biologi Berbasis Android untuk Peserta Didik Kelas XI Ditingkat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 268, "width": 422, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMA/MA. Journal of Biology Education , 1 (1), 17-32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jobe.v1i1.3284", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 457, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iskandar. (2008). Metodelogi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial (Kuantitaif dan Kualitatif) . Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 459, "height": 62, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manalu, MA. (2017). Pengembangan Media Komik Matematika Berbasis Nilai Karakter pada Materi Trigonometri Di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Indralaya Utara . Jurnal Elemen, 3 (1), 35-48. Mukti, DN. (2015). Penciptaan Karya Komik Alternatif . Jurnal Pendidikan Seni Rupa, 3 (2), 16- 22.118", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 462, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyani, SP. (2015). Pengembangan Media Komik untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa di Kelas III SD Negeri Tegalpanggung . Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Novianti, RD dan Syaichudin, M. (2010). Pengembangan Media Komik Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Bentuk soal Cerita Bab Pecahan Pada Siswa Kelas V SDN Ngembung . Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 10 (1), 74 ‐ 85.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 459, "height": 125, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlatipah, N. (2015). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik Sains yang Disertai Foto untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Sumber pada Pokok Bahasan Ekosistem . Scientiae Educatia, 5 (2), 1-13. Octaviany, I. (2013). Pengembangan Media Komik dengan Menggunakan Adobe Flash CS3 Professional untuk Mengajarkan Keterampilan Menulis Dongeng pada Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Sawangan . Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Putra, N. (2013). Research dan Development Penelitian dan Pengembangan . Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 457, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Safitri, R. (2016). Biologi Peminatan Matematika dan Ilmu-ilmu Alam untuk SMA/MA X . Surakarta: CV Mediatama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 457, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R & D . Bandung: Alfabeta CV. Utariyanti, I. F. Z., Wahyuni, S., & Zaenab, S. (2016). Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis komik dalam materi sistem pernapasan pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia) , 1 (3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v1i3.2668", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahyuningsih, AN. (2011). Pengembangan Media Komik Bergambar Materi Sistem Saraf untuk Pembelajaran yang Menggunakan Strategi PQ4R . PP, 1 (2), 102-110.", "type": "List item" } ]
5fce689b-3daa-730f-2b33-205bb2fa69ee	https://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/teknik/article/download/143471/7652	[ { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 194, "width": 246, "height": 215, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak—Banjir akibat bendungan memiliki daya rusak yang besar pada area hilir bendungan terkhususnya pada area hilir yang padat penduduk. Mayoritas area hilir Bendungan Jatibarang merupakan wilayah pemukiman yang pada penduduk. Maka diperlukan manajemen penanggulangan bencana khususnya terhadap penduduk yang terdampak. 183 ribu penduduk terdampak akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang, dengan 11,1 ribu penduduk harus dipindahkan berdasarkan analisis InaSAFE. Tingkat bahaya pada area hilir bendungan berada pada tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi berdasarkan klasifikasi bahaya PUPR, sedangkan menurut Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 02 Tahun 2012 area hilir memiliki risiko tinggi. Lokasi pengungsian terbagi menjadi dua zona yaitu zona barat dan zona timur, zona barat berada pada sisi barat Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB) dan zona timur berada pada sisi timur Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB). Pembagian zona tersebut demi alasan kemananan berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 7 Tahun 2008. Jalur evakuasi yang menghubungkan titik awal dan lokasi pengsungsian merupakan rute tercepat dengan menggunakan jalan primer, sekunder, dan lokal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 423, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci—Bahaya, Evakuasi, InaSAFE, Keruntuhan, InaSAFE, Bahaya, Risiko, Evakuasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 462, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 477, "width": 246, "height": 106, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANJIR yang diakibatkan oleh keruntuhan bendungan memiliki daya rusak yang besar. Diberitakan oleh Kompas.com, pada 27 Maret 2009, Situ Gintung yang terletak di Kota Tangerang Selatan secara tiba – tiba jebol. Runtuhnya situ tersebut mentebabkan seratus korban jiwa dan 300 rumah hancur. Banyaknya korban jiwa akibat peristiwa tersebut maka diperlukan teknologi dalam memprediksi dampak akibat keruntuhan bendungan yang selama ini dipetakan secara manual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 586, "width": 246, "height": 118, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "InaSAFE merupakan perangkat yang memiliki tujuan untuk menyediakan alat bagi pengelola penanggulangan bencana yang mempelajari potensi dampak dari suatu bencana. InaSAFE dikembangkan oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) dan Departemen Luar Negeri dan Perdagangan Australia ( Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade ) – Australian Aid , melalui Australia- Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction (AIFDR) dan Bank Dunia – Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (World Bank - GFDRR).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 707, "width": 246, "height": 81, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bendungan Jatibarang merupakan bendungan yang memiliki area hilir bendungan yang pada penduduk. Maka untuk meminimalisir dampak maka diperlukan manajemen penanggulangan bencana terkhususnya dampak terhadap penduduk. Selain manajemen penanggulangan bencana diperlukan peta klasifikasi bahaya dan risiko sebagai pemetaan bahaya area hilir bendungan. Upaya tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 287, "width": 246, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memiliki tujuan untuk meminimalisir dampak akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 385, "top": 329, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 344, "width": 246, "height": 287, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisi keruntuhan bendungan dimodelkan dengan menggunakan HEC – RAS dengan skenario piping bawah MAB. Pemilihan skenario piping bawah MAB didasarkan atas besarnya dampak yang dimungkinkan terjadi akibat skenario tersebut. Hasil area genangan yang menjadi keluaran HEC – RAS akan menjadi input hazard dalam analisis jiwa terdampak pada InaSAFE. InaSAFE dipengaruhi oleh data masukan dan keluaran berupa hazard (ancaman), exposure (paparan), impact (hasil dari proses InaSAFE). Pada pemodelan InaSAFE exposure yang digunakan adalah penduduk, sehingga dalam laporan keluaran InaSAFE akan dilaporan penduduk terdampak, terpapar, dan yang harus dipindahkan. Klasifikasi bahaya area hilir bendungan didasarkan atas Pedoman Teknik Klasifikasi Bahaya Bendungan oleh Kementerian PUPR [1]. Pada pedoman tersebut tingkat bahaya ditetapkan berdasarkan penduduk terkena risiko (PenRis). Tingkat bahaya bendungan terbagi menjadi empat kelas yaitu (1) tingkat bahaya rendah, (2) tingkat bahaya sedang, (3) tingkat bahaya tinggi, (4) tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi. Untuk memudahkan dalam melakukan perhitungan jumlah PenRis diganti dengan satuan keluarga dengan asumsi satu keluarga terdiri atas 5 jiwa PenRis. Matriks jumlah keluarga terkena risiko keruntuhan bendungan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 634, "width": 246, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 02 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana, kajian risiko bencana merupakan pendektan yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan potensi dampak negatif yang dimungkinkan timbul akibat suatu bencana [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 694, "width": 228, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Risiko Bencana ≈ Ancaman × Kerentanan Kapasitas (1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 726, "width": 246, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada kajian risiko keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang data ancaman merupakan data area genangan dengan nilai kedalaman hasil keluaran dari HEC – RAS. Pada kajian ini kerentanan difokuskan kepada kerentanan sosial dengan data kepadatan penduduk, rasio jenis kelamin, rasio kemiskinan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 52, "width": 500, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prediksi Jumlah Korban Terdampak Genangan Akibat Simulasi Keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang Kota Semarang Menggunakan InaSAFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 143, "width": 372, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yoszy Kusuma Wardana, Siti Kamilia Aziz, dan Rizki Robbi Rahman Alam Departemen Teknik Infrastruktur Sipil, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 168, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 476, "width": 19, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 200, "width": 213, "height": 73, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Matriks Jumlah Keluarga Terkena Risiko Keruntuhan Bendungan Jumlah Jarak dari Bendungan (Km) Keluarga 0 -5 0 - 10 0 - 20 0 - 30 0 - >30 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 – 20 3 3 2 2 2 21 - 200 4 4 4 3 3 >200 4 4 4 4 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C202", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 521, "width": 246, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rasio orang cacat, dan rasio kelompok umur. Seluruh data tersebut bersumber dari BPS tahun 2021, kecuali data rasio orang cacat yang berasal dari Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Semarang 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 569, "width": 246, "height": 118, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keluaran InaSAFE berupa jumlah orang yang harus dipindahkan dijadikan dasar sebagai perencanaan jalur evakuasi. Pemetaan rencana tempat evakuasi berdasarkan pedoman BNPB No. 7 Tahun 2008 mengenai pedoman tata cara pemberian kebutuhan dasar, yaitu (1) berukuran tiga meter persegi per orang, (2) memiliki persyarattan keamanan dan kesehatan, (3) memiliki aksesbilitas terhadap fasilitas umum, (4) menjamin privasi [3]. Lokasi pengungsian tidak dilakukan survei secara langsung tetapi disurvei melalui Google Earth dalam perhitungan luasannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 708, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 724, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Keruntuhan Bendungan di HEC – RAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 738, "width": 246, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemodelan keruntuhan bendungan di HEC – RAS memerlukan data terrain. Data terrain yang digunakan adalah data DEM yang berasal dari DEMNAS. data tersebut sebelumnya telah dimodifikasi pada bagian sungai hilir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 541, "width": 246, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bendungan untuk mendapatkan dimensi sungai yang sesuai dengan dimensi aslinya. Skenario keruntuhan bendungan dimodelkan dengan skenario piping bawah pada elevasi +81,90 dengan kondisi muka air banjir. Berdasarkan metode Froehlich 2008 karateristik keruntuhan bendungan diketahui lebar rata – rata 73,53 m dan lebar dasar rekahan 20 m dengan durasi keruntuhan 0,35 jam. Luas genangan yang diakibatkan akibat simulasi keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang menggunakan skenario piping bawah MAB adalah 30,590 Km 2 . Area genangan piping MA banjir dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 680, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. InaSAFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 697, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Persiapan Data dan Analisis Ancaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 712, "width": 246, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "InaSAFE bekerja dengan menggabungkan data layer keterpaparan ( exposure ) dengan layer satu layer ancaman ( hazard) dengan dibatasi data layer agregasi ( agregation ) yang akan menghasilkan layer dampak spasial ( spatial impact ) dari bencana keruntuhan bendungan. Data ancaman (hazard) merupakan data hasil proses running simulasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 274, "width": 173, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Raster Ancaman Keruntuhan Bendungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 522, "width": 172, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Raster Kerentanan Sosial Kota Semarang.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 62, "top": 263, "width": 151, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Area Genangan Piping MA Banjir.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 62, "top": 506, "width": 201, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Laporan Analisis Penduduk Terdampak InaSAFE.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C203", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 577, "width": 246, "height": 142, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keruntuhan bendungan di HEC – RAS dalam hal ini merupakan hasil running skenario piping bawah MAB. Analisis keterpaparan didalam InaSAFE dimodelkan untuk keterpaparan terhadap penduduk, maka data keterpaparan (exposure) merupakan data raster kepadatan penduduk yang dibangun dengan data kependudukan Kota Semarang tahun 2021. Sebagai batasan hasil analisis keruntuhan bendungan, data agregasi (agregation) merupakan data administrasi batas keluarahan Kota Semarang yang bersumber dari Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Analisis ancaman terhadap keterpaparan kepadatan penduduk dilakukan dengan menggunakan Keyword Creation Wizard pada InaSAFE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 725, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Hasil Analisis Menggunakan InaSAFE", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 739, "width": 246, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis InaSAFE dikeluarkan dalam bentuk laporan analisis dampak. Dalam laporan tersebut tercantum informasi mengenai penduduk terdampak keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Berdasarkan laporan hasil analisis keruntuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 516, "width": 246, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bendungan Jatibarang dengan menggunakan InaSAFE terdapat 225 ribu penduduk terpapar dengan rincian 131 ribu penduduk terpapar pada zona 3 (< 0,76 m), 51,5 ribu penduduk terpapar pada zona 2 (0,76 – 1,5 m), dan 42,2 ribu penduduk terpapar pada zona 1 (> 1,5 m). Penduduk terpapar merupakan penduduk yang berada pada zona bahaya dan memiliki potensi untuk mengalami kerugian. Laporan analisis penduduk terdampak InaSAFE dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 625, "width": 246, "height": 118, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada laporan analisis dampak InaSAFE, penduduk terdampak merupakan penduduk yang terkena dampak bahaya secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penduduk terdampak dapat mengamali konsekuensi jangka pendek atau jangka panjang terhadap kehidupan, mata pencaharian, kesehatan, ekonomi, fisik, lingkungan, dan sosial budaya. Dari 225 ribu penduduk yang terpapar hanya 183 ribu penduduk yang terdampak, sisanya sebanyak 42,2 ribu penduduk tidak terdampak banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 746, "width": 246, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sepuluh persen dari penduduk yang terpapar merupakan penduduk yang harus mengungsi, penduduk tersebut harus meninggalkan tempat tinggalnya dikarenakan alasan dan keadaan yang terjadi akibat bencana. Total penduduk yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 62, "width": 275, "height": 138, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Lokasi Pengungsian Zona Lokasi Pengungsian Luas Kapasitas Kebutuhan m 2 Jiwa Jiwa Barat SMA Negeri 7 Semarang 2160 720 260 Barat Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 15000 5000 3000 Barat SMP Negeri 19 Semarang 1728 576 560 Barat Amur Satdikpa Pusdik Penerbad 6000 2000 570 Timur SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 1944 648 1140 Timur Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 33000 11000 4700 Timur SMP Negeri 36 Semarang 1944 648 1920 Timur SMK Negeri 1 Semarang 2304 768 860 Timur Masjid At Taqwa 268 89 140 Timur Masjid Nurul Huda 330 110 220 Timur Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 4000 1333 650", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 318, "top": 500, "width": 87, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Jalur Evakuasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 51, "top": 425, "width": 161, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Raster Risiko Keruntuhan Bendungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 445, "width": 28, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 112, "top": 455, "width": 101, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi Pengungsian Cadangan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 47, "top": 465, "width": 231, "height": 100, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zona Lokasi Pengungsian Kapasitas Utama Cadangan Jiwa Timur SMP Negeri 36 Semarang Stadion Diponegoro 4000 Timur SMK Negeri 1 Semarang Stadion Diponegoro 4000 Timur Masjid At Taqwa SD Negeri 2 Sadeng 168 Timur Masjid Nurul Huda Lapangan Atas Puri Satika 140 Timur SMP Negeri 5 Semarang Lapangan PL Don Bosko 2000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C204", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 641, "width": 246, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "harus diungsikan akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang adalah sebanyak 11,1 ribu penduduk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 671, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Klasifikasi Tingkat Bahaya dan Risiko Bencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 688, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Klasifikasi Tingkat Bahaya PUPR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 703, "width": 246, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Klasifikasi bahaya bendungan menurut PUPR pada daerah hilir Bendungan Jatibarang berada pada kelas 4 atau tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi pada masing – masing jarak yaitu jarak 0 – 5 Km, 0 – 10 Km, dan 0 – 20 Km dari Bendungan Jatibarang. Klasifikasi tersebut didasarkan atas jumlah Penris yang berada atau melebihi rentang 21 – 200 keluarga untuk jarak 0 – 5 Km, 0 – 10 Km, dan 0 – 20 Km.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 641, "width": 246, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelurahan terdampak keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang berjumlah 55 kelurahan dengan jumlah kelurahan pada tingkat bahaya rendah sebanyak 2 kelurahan, pada tingkat bahaya tinggi sebanyak 7 kelurahan, dan pada tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi sebanyak 46 kelurahan. Kelurahan yang memiki tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi seperti kelurahan Kandri dengan jumlah PenRis 22 Keluarga pada jarak 0 Km, Kelurahan Sadeng dengan jumlah PenRis 359 Keluarga pada jarak 1 Km, dan Kelurahan Sukorejo dengan PenRis 614 Keluarga pada jarak 2,9 Km.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 764, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Analisis Risiko BNPB", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 779, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis risiko menurut BNPB dibangun mengggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 63, "width": 28, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 254, "top": 72, "width": 89, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jalur Evakuasi Zona Barat", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 60, "top": 83, "width": 448, "height": 546, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zona Jalur Evakuasi Panjang Km Barat Kalipancur 2 - SMA Negeri 7 Semarang 0,74 Barat Kalipancur 3 - SMP Negeri 19 Kota Semarang 3,12 Barat Kalipancur 4 - SMP Negeri 19 Kota Semarang 2,95 Barat Manyaran 1 - SMP Negeri 19 Kota Semarang 1,98 Barat Manyaran 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,50 Barat Ngemplak Simongan 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,07 Barat Ngemplak Simongan 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,62 Barat Ngemplak Simongan 3 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,76 Barat Bojongsalaman 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,90 Barat Bojongsalaman 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,00 Barat Cabean 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,44 Barat Cabean 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,58 Barat Krobokan 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,94 Barat Krobokan 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 3,40 Barat Tawangmas 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 3,84 Barat Tawangmas 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 4,54 Barat Tawangmas 3 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 4,71 Barat Tawangmas 4 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 4,83 Barat Tawangsari 2 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 5,24 Barat Tawangsari 3 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 5,56 Barat Tawangsari 4 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 5,64 Barat Tambakharjo - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 4,12 Barat Tawangsari 5 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 3,78 Barat Tawangsari 6 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 3,58 Barat Kalipancur 1 - SMA Negeri 7 Semarang 1,24 Barat Karangayu - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,09 Tabel 5. Jalur Evakuasi Zona Barat Zona Jalur Evakuasi Panjang Km Timur Sadeng 2 - Masjid At Taqwa 1,21 Timur Sadeng 1 - Masjid At Taqwa 1,02 Timur Sukorejo 2 - Masjid Nurul Huda 2,72 Timur Sukorejo 3 - Masjid Nurul Huda 1,91 Timur Bedhan Dhuwur - Masjid Nurul Huda 2,12 Timur Sukorejo 1 - Masjid Nurul Huda 3,97 Timur Sampangan 1 - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 4,45 Timur Sampangan 2 - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 3,98 Timur Petompon 1 - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 2,70 Timur Petompon 2 - Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 2,51 Timur Petompon 3 - Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 2,13 Timur Barusari - Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 2,35 Timur Bulustalan 2 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,50 Timur Pendrikan Lor - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,48 Timur Bulu Lor 1 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,91 Timur Bulu Lor 2 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 3,48 Timur Panggung Kidul - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 4,17 Timur Panggung Lor 1 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 5,02 Timur Panggung Lor 3 - SMP Negeri 36 Semarang 5,52 Timur Tawangmas 1 - SMK Negeri 1 Semarang 5,11 Timur Bulustalan 1 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,64 Timur Bedan Dhuwur - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 4,77 Timur Sekayu - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,47 Timur Kuningan - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 3,76 Timur Purwosari - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 3,11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C205", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 178, "width": 246, "height": 129, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "data hazard (ancaman), vulnerability (Dampak), dan adaptive capacity (kapasitas). Data ancaman merupakan data area genangan banjir keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Untuk mendapatkan indeks ancaman dilakukan klasifikasi kedalaman dengan klasifikasi <0,76 m, 0,76 – 1,5 m, dan > 1,5 m menggunakan fitur Reclassify pada ArcGIS. Raster genangan banjir kemudian dikalikan dengan 0,43 (skala) menggunakan Raster Calculator . Pengklasifikasian hasil raster tersebut dengan nilai < 0,333333 untuk kelas rendah, 0,333333 - 0,666667 untuk kelas sedang, dan 0,666667 - 1,0 untuk kelas tinggi. Raster hazard keruntuhan Bendungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 311, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jatibarang seperti pada Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 323, "width": 246, "height": 166, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data kerentanan yang digunakan merupakan data kerentanan sosial. Kerentanan sosial dibangun dengan mengolah indikator kepadatan penduduk dan kelompok rentan. Bobot untuk kepadatan penduduk adalah 60% dan kelompok rentan adalah 40%. Kelompok rentan terdiri atas rasio jenis kelamin, rasio kemiskinan, rasio penyandang cacat, dan rasio kelompok umur. Bobot masing – masing dari rasio tersebut adala 10%. Perhitungan indeks kerentanan sosial dihitung berdasarkan batas administratif kelurahan atau per kelurahan. Data kepadatan penduduk yang digunakan merupakan kepadatan penduduk per kelurahan dengan sumber data jumlah penduduk berasal dari BPS 2021, sedangkan data batas administratif bersumber dari Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 492, "width": 246, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada indikator kelompok rentan, rasio jenis kelamin dihitung per kelurahan dengan sumber data BPS 2021. Untuk rasio kemiskinan diatur menjadi default untuk masing – masing kelurahan, sesuai dengan rasio kemiskinan Kota Semarang dengan besaran 4,56% (BPS, 2022). Berdasarkan Profil Kependudukan Kota Semarang 2022 terdapat 588 penyandang cacat, maka untuk rasio orang dengan penyandang cacat 0,035% dari 1,68 juta penduduk. Rasio kelompok umur didasarkan pada penduduk yang berumur < 5 tahun dan < 60 tahun, pada tahun 2021 Kota Semarang memiliki rasio kelompok umur sebesar 21,26%. Raster kerentanan sosial kota Semarang dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 649, "width": 246, "height": 105, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data Kerentanan dan ancaman telah selesai dibangun, untuk menghitung data hazard adalah dengan mengalikan raster ancaman dan kerentanan sosial. Daerah yang memiliki indeks < 0,333333 memiliki risiko rendah, sedangkan daerah yang memiliki indeks 0,33333 – 0,666667 memiliki risiko sedang, dan untuk daerah yang memiliki indeks 0,666667 – 1,0 memiliki risiko tinggi banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Rester risiko keruntuhan bendungan dapat dilihat pada Gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 53, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Lokasi Pengungsian dan Jalur Evakuasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 145, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Penentuan Lokasi Pengungsian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 85, "width": 246, "height": 106, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 7 Tahun 2008 mengenai pedoman tata cara pemberian kebutuhan dasar, lokasi pengungsian minimum harus memiliki persyaratan keamanan dan kesehatan. Untuk memenuhi persyaratan kemanan lokasi penampungan terbagi menjadi dua zona yaitu zona barat dan zona timur. Zona barat merupakan lokasi terdampak yang berada pada sisi barat sungai BKB, sedangkan zona timur merupakan lokasi terdampak yang berada pada sisi timur sungai BKB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 194, "width": 246, "height": 142, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kapasitas lokasi pegungsian terhadap jumlah pengungsi isyaratkan dengan persayaratan berukuran minimal tiga meter persegi untuk setiap orang. Berdasarkan laporan analisis dampak InaSAFE, jumlah penduduk yang harus mengungsi sebesar 11,1 ribu, artinya kapasitas tempat pengungsian harus memiliki luas minimum 33,3 ribu meter persegi. Untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan tempat pengungsian dan mempermudah aksesbilitas tempat pengungsian, maka lokasi pengsungsian disebar kedalam beberapa fasilitas umum atau sosial terdekat dari area genangan banjir. Lokasi pengungsian dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2 dan lokasi pengungsian cadangan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 342, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Penentuan Jalur Evakuasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 356, "width": 246, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perencanaan jalur evakuasi ditentukan dengan jenis jalan yang digunakan untuk jalur evakuasi. Pada perencanaan jalur evakuasi banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang menggunakan jenis jalan primer, sekunder, dan jalan lokal sebagai jalur evakuasi dengan mempertimbangkan rute tercepat untuk mencapai kesuatu titik aman. Titik awal dan titik kumpul ditempatkan pada masing – masing kelurahan atau yang melewati kelurahan yang terdampak. Penentuan titik awal dan titik kumpul memperharikan lokasi, misalnya membuat titik awal pada daerah sepanjang sungai BKB yang menjadi sungai penerima limpasan banjir keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Untuk melalukan analisis rute tercepat dapat menggunakan fitur Network Analyst dalam software ArcGis. Jalur evakuasi dapat dilihat pada Gambar 6, dan Jalur evakuasi zona barat dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4, jalur evakuasi zona barat dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5 dan jalur evakuasi cadangan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 579, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. KESIMPULAN/RINGKASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 595, "width": 246, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Luas genangan yang diakibatkan simulasi keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang menggunakan skenario piping bawah MAB adalah 30,590 Km 2 . Dalam laporan InaSAFE terdapat terdapat 225 ribu penduduk terpapar, 183 ribu penduduk terdampak, dan 11,1 ribu penduduk harus dipindahkan. Klasifikasi tingkat bahaya PUPR diketahui bahwa mayoritas area hilir Bendungan Jatibarang memiliki tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi pada masing – masing jaraknya. Sedangkan risiko menutur BNPB, mayoritas area hilir bendungan memiliki risiko tinggi. Tempat pengungsian terbagi menjadi dua zona yaitu zona barat dan zona timur. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk memenuhi persyaratan kemanan lokasi pengungsian. Rute jalur evakuasi didesain sebagai rute tercepat yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 56, "width": 210, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Jalur Evakusi Cadangan Zona Jalur Evakuasi Panjang Km Timur Lapangan PL Don Bosko - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 1,38 Timur Titik Pertemuan - Stadion Diponegoro 0,69 Timur SD Negeri 2 Sadeng - Masjid At Taqwa 1,77 Timur Masjid Nurul Huda - Lapangan Atas Puri Satika 0,42 Timur SMP 36 Semarang - Titik Pertemuan 2,16 Timur SMK 1 Semarang - Titik Pertemuan 0,90", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C206", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 53, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan jalan primer, sekunder, dan lokal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 83, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 98, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air, Pedoman Teknis Konstruksi dan Bangunan Sipil tentang Klasifikasi Bahaya Bendungan. Jakarta: Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat , 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 52, "width": 249, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana. Jakarta: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana , 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 302, "top": 80, "width": 249, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Peraturan Kepala BNPB No 7 Tahun 2008 tentang Pedoman Tata Cara Pemberian Bantuan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Dasar. Jakarta: Badan Nasional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 108, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penanggulangan Bencana , 2008.", "type": "Text" } ]
4b94351f-25b0-3c5d-719f-641a677b98bc	https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/juliet/article/download/4077/1654	[ { "left": 136, "top": 39, "width": 327, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Language, Literature, and English Teaching (JULIET), 3(1) (2022)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 212, "top": 87, "width": 171, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/juliet", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 429, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "English Pre-Service Teachers’ Perception on PLP Program in 2020", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 181, "top": 212, "width": 236, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Mirna Wati, 2 Dewi Nopita, 3 Muhammad Candra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 224, "width": 360, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 English Language Education Study Program, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 250, "width": 361, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 English Language Education Study Program, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 275, "width": 360, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 English Language Education Study Program, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 314, "width": 201, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 343, "width": 322, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received January 19, 2022; Revised March 31, 2022; Published April 29, 2022 https://doi.org/10.31629/juliet.v3i1.4077", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 391, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aimed to find out English pre-service teachers’ perception on PLP program in 2020. Descriptive qualitative is a research design for this research. An object of this research was the PLP program implemented by Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji in 2020. The data were taken from the ninth semester consisting 37 students by using purposive sampling. The instrument for collecting data were open-ended and close-ended questionnaires From the search results of several previous studies, the researcher found that the research problem in this study was feasible, because the research on student perceptions had been widely carried out. However, research on PLP programs was still minimal, especially PLP which was implemented during pandemic. The result of the study showed that the participants were following all of the PLP program’s requirements. However, there were certain program demands that were not met in a pandemic situation in accordance with the program’s objective.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 554, "width": 261, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Pre-Service Teachers, PLP program, Perception", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 617, "width": 410, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PLP is a compulsory subject for students of education in Indonesia, as stated in (Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2017 Tentang Standar Pendidikan Guru, 2017 ) Pasal 1 butir 8 , PLP is an observation and apprenticeship procedure used by Bachelor of Education students to research areas of learning and educational management in educational units. PLP is a stage in the process of preparing professional teachers on Undergraduate Education, in the form of an assignment to students to put what they've learned into practice through observation of the learning process in schools/educational institutions, the practice of developing learning tools, and guided and accompanied teaching and learning under the supervision and guidance of the supervisor and the teacher civil service in stages.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 202, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JULIET, April 2022; Vol(3) No(1): 24 – 30 p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 89, "width": 410, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In 2020, the PLP was implemented for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic, which became an obstacle and causes some difficulties due to differences in implementation with what was learned in the classroom and faced in the field. It took a lot of work to become a teacher: Students must work very hard to acquire not only theoretical information, such as understanding children's development and teaching pedagogies, but also practical skills, such as collaborating with mentor teachers, schools, and communities, while on placements (e.g., John A. C. Hattie, 2009; Pyne, 2014). A pre-service teacher was a student or a graduate student working under the supervision of a certified teacher to get a degree in education. The word 'pre-service teacher' was used instead of 'student teacher' to distinguish between tertiary and secondary students in Australia, where the term ‘student' can refer to both tertiary and secondary students. Furthermore, the term 'pupil' is rarely used in Australian schools to refer to 'school kids.' The terms 'mentor teacher, ‘supervising teacher,' and 'cooperating teacher' were all used interchangeably to refer to the class or subject teacher with whom the pre-service teacher is placed during the practicum (Cattley, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 279, "width": 407, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementing teaching practice was critical for bridging the gap between what instructors learn in educational programs and what they really did in the classroom (Darling-Hammond, 2006). (Goh & Matthews, 2011) investigated the concerns and experiences of 14 Malaysian students during their practice by using a reflection journal in which they document their teaching concerns and confidence to teach, and to investigate the concerns and experiences of 14 Malaysian students during their practice by using a reflection journal in which they document their teaching concerns and confidence to teach. According to them, certain tactics in the teacher preparation program were essential to help pre-service teachers in obtaining more benefit from practical experiences in order to link the theoretical parts learned in university with the practical realities of the classroom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 406, "width": 410, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Therefore, the readiness to become a teacher was very much needed by pre-service teachers, especially English students who were second language students with the challenge of teaching foreign languages. Readiness according to the psychological dictionary (Chaplin, 2006) was \"the level of development of maturity or maturity that is favorable for practicing something\". Maturity included the maturity of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes and mental. In line with the opinion (Desmita, 2009), which declared that readiness was the level or state that must be achieved in the process of the development of the individual at the level of the growth of the mental, physical, social and emotional. One of the factors that influence students' readiness to become teachers was direct experience.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 519, "width": 410, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In an effort to produce professional and qualified teacher candidates, the researcher found this as an interesting phenomenon that occurs in the world of education where there was a gap between the implementation learned in class and what was faced in the field and was further complicated by the pandemic situation. The researcher had conducted several previous studies related to the topic that the researcher wanted to discuss. From the results of several previous studies, Researcher found that this research problem deserved to be continued, because research on student perceptions had been widely carried out, but research on PLP programs was still minimal, especially PLP which was implemented during pandemic. Feedback and assessment of pre-service teachers for the program PLP itself were needed, in determining and developing prospects for the department, in this case the department of English language education in view of the opportunities available and able to cope with the various challenges and obstacles that occur today and in the future. For this reason, more researches were needed regarding the responses of the pre-service teachers who had done PLP Program in 2020, so the researcher was interested in conducting the research having the title English pre-service teachers’ perception on PLP program in 2020 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wati, Nopita & Candra: English Pre-Service …(4)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 95, "width": 411, "height": 326, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research used Descriptive Qualitative Research. Descriptive Qualitative Research was used to gain an understanding of a person's opinions, motivations or reasons. (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994) \"Multimethods in focus, employing an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter\" was how qualitative research described. Similar to Sukardi (2015), in this descriptive study the researcher described the research activities carried out on a particular object clearly and systematically about an ongoing situation on an object of research. The participants in this study were all pre-service students of English education study program who had implemented PLP in 2020 at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. The selection of the participants were determined through purposive sampling by considering the clarity of understanding of PLP program and can reach them more easily. Purposive sampling was a sampling method that allows you to thoroughly examine situations that are deemed to hold a lot of information (Patton, 2002). Researcher can investigate and explore participants' responses to obtain detailed information about their experiences and feelings (Gay et al., 2012). According to Johnson & Christensen (2012), Questionnaires were used by researcher to collect data on their subjects' thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions, personalities, and behavioral intentions. A questionnaire was the primary research instrument in this study. The questionnaire in this study aimed to collect information about English pre-service teachers' perceptions of online PLP in 2020. There were two kinds of questionnaires used in this study, namely opened questionnaires and closed questionnaires which were designed based on the demands contained in the PLP program. The data were analyzed using the Miles & Huberman (1994) model analysis; they believed that qualitative analysis had data in the form of words rather than a series of numbers. According to Riyanto (2001), data analysis was a step after data processing to see how to interpret data, and then data analysis from the output at hand in the processing data outcome stage. The miles and huberman data were analyzed in three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III RESULT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of this study showed that all program participants carry out all program demands, but they did not achieve the ideal results as planned in the program objectives, based on participants' perceptions of the demands that had been executed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 500, "width": 120, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1.1 Questionnaire Result", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 523, "width": 421, "height": 203, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N O Questions Participant Response Response Percentage Yes No Yes No 1 During the implementation of the PLP were there any school culture observations? 37 0 100% 0% 2 From your observations, was there an organizational structure and governance in the school? 37 0 100% 0% 3 From your observations, were there any rules and regulations that are regulated at school? 37 0 100% 0% 4 During PLP were there any ceremonial-formal activities carried out at the school during PLP? 18 19 48.6% 51.4% 5 Are there curricular and co-curricular activities carried out at school or outside of school? 24 13 64.9% 35.1%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 202, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JULIET, April 2022; Vol(3) No(1): 24 – 30 p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 90, "width": 422, "height": 267, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Are there any positive habituation practices and habits carried out at the school? 34 3 91.9% 8.1% 7 During the implementation of PLP, did students participate in studying the curriculum and learning tools used by teachers? 34 3 91.9% 8.1% 8 Were there any variety of learning strategies and learning media used in the implementation of learning activities? 37 0 100% 0% 9 Did students review the evaluation system used by the teacher? 27 10 73% 27% 10 Are there any student activities that help teachers develop learning tools? 26 11 70.3% 29.7% 11 From your obsevation, were there any uses of information and communication technology in learning? 37 0 100% 0% 12 During the PLP were there any practical teaching activities carried out ? 33 4 89.2% 10.8% 13 From your observations, were there any student mentoring activities and extracurricular activities? 17 20 45.9% 54.1% 14 During plp, were there any teacher administration tasks that are also carried out by students? 18 19 48.6% 51.4%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analysis of the collected data was carried out to find out participants’ perceptions of whether the implementation of the PLP program had run in accordance with the demands and objectives of the program, using the Miles & Huberman (1994) model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 422, "width": 387, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NO QUESTION RESPONSE 1 From your observations, what is the culture of the schools that you have observed?", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 461, "width": 269, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 From your observations regarding the organizational structure and governance in schools, do you know the function of the organizational structure?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 499, "width": 272, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 From your observations, how does the school apply the rules and regulations?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 525, "width": 272, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 What are the formal ceremonial activities at school that you have participated in during the PLP program?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 551, "width": 266, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 From your observations, state what curricular and co- curricular activities are carried out at school!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 577, "width": 274, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 From your observations, what are some examples of habituation activities and positive habits that exist in the school?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 615, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 615, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Please explain how the implementation of the", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 178, "top": 628, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "curriculum used in schools?", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 641, "width": 274, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 How was the process of preparing learning tools that you did during PLP? (RPP, learning media, worksheets, teaching materials, assessment instruments)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 680, "width": 265, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 During the PLP program, are there various learning strategies and learning media that you use while the learning process?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 718, "width": 266, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 if so, what activities did you do to assist teachers in developing learning tools in the school?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 274, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wati, Nopita & Candra: English Pre-Service …(4)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 70, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 70, "width": 224, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How is the use of information and communication technology that you use in the learning process?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 96, "width": 270, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 From your observations, how is the assessment and evaluation system used by the teachers at the school?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 122, "width": 276, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 if so, what are the student mentoring and extracurricular activities that you participated in during the PLP?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 148, "width": 275, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 If so, please state what teacher administration tasks you carried out during PLP", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Each of the questionnaires consisted of two categories based on the demands and objectives of the PLP 1 and PLP 2 programs, namely observation activities and study of all teacher duties, both academic and administrative tasks (Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 259, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Observation Activities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 428, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the findings, 6 demands on the PLP 1 program which included observation activities indicated that participants carried out observation activities in accordance with program demands. Bulach et al. (1994) conducted a research in 20 schools and found that differences in school culture had a significant impact on academic achievement, as evidenced by differences in academic achievement between students from schools with a positive culture and students from schools with a negative culture. Furthermore Zamroni (2009), schools that succeed in creating and maintaining a positive culture will provide high learning outcomes that were not only academically valuable but also produce a culture with improved human, cultural, character, and moral values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 385, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Study of All Teacher Duties", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 428, "height": 212, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the findings, the 8 demands on the PLP 2 program which included reviewing teacher duties, both academic and administrative tasks, showed that the participants carried out these activities in accordance with the demands of the program. Adin-Surkis (2015) conducted a study finding on how the teacher's position affects students' learning. The service training program can ensure teachers' perceptions of contributing positively to the theoretical and practical aspects of curriculum planning, such as curriculum evaluation, interpretation of curriculum flexibility, and textbook potential, according to English's interpretation of the new curriculum. In accordance with Eggen & Kauchak (2012) requirements for teachers and students in 21st century schools or the digital century, which were related to the use of technology in learning. The PLP program was a learning-by-doing technique that prepared undergraduate education programs to explore aspects of learning and education administration in educational units (Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2017 Tentang Standar Pendidikan Guru, 2017) Pasal 1 Ayat 8. They can obtain experience learning how teachers deal with complicated tasks in a classroom setting through the practicum, which included supervised instruction and systematic observation. Varela & Desiderio (2021) discovered online learning provides some challenges the performance of pre- service teacher.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 613, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The researcher can conclude from the data that the participants were following all of the PLP program's requirements. However, there were certain program demands that were not met in a pandemic situation in accordance with the program's objectives.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 83, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "V CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The researcher got conclusion based on the result of data analysis from both questionnaires in describing English pre-service teachers’ perception on PLP program in 2020. Observation activities in the first category revealed that based on participants' perceptions only one of the six program demands that reaches 51.4 percent was not being implemented. Specifically, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 202, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JULIET, April 2022; Vol(3) No(1): 24 – 30 p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "demands of observing ceremonial-formal events at schools, where as a result of the epidemic, there was no student activity in the school environment. Despite the fact that the participants met all of the program's requirements, the experience they obtained was not ideal. The activities of instructors and school employees were the only ones that can be observed in the school setting; there was no student activity that can be viewed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the second category, a review of all teacher responsibilities, both academic and administrative, based on participants' perceptions revealed that two out of eight demands with a percentage of more than 50% were not implemented. Specifically, the needs of aiding students and extracurricular activities, as well as the expectations of assisting instructors in their obligations of teacher administration job. The participants did not gain the greatest amount of experience since, at the time of the program's implementation, the majority of participants were solely concerned with the learning process and lacked experience with teacher management.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adin-Surkis, A. (2015). Teachers evaluate the new curriculum in English: Views regarding evaluation and evaluation tools. Research in Education , 93 (1), 34–59. https://doi.org/10.7227/RIE.0009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bulach, C. R., Malone, B., & Castleman, C. (1994). The Effect of School Climate on Student Achie-vement. The Goergia Educational Researcher (in Press) . Cattley, G. (2007). Emergence of professional identity for the pre-service teacher. International Education Journal , 8 (2), 337–347. Chaplin, J. P. (2006). Kamus Lengkap Psikologi . PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Darling-Hammond, L. (2006). Powerful teacher education: Lesson from exemplary programs . CA : Jossey-Bass.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Introduction: Entering the Field of Qualitative Research . Sage Publication, Inc.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desmita, M. S. . (2009). Psikologi Perkembangan Peserta Didik Panduan Bagi Orang Tua dan Guru dalam mahami Psikologi Anak Usia SD, SMP, dan SMA . PT REMAJA ROSDAKARYA Bandung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2012). Strategi Dan Model Pembelajaran, Mengajarkan Konten Dan Keterampilan Berpikir Edisi 6 .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2012). Educational Research competencies for analysis and applications. In Pearson Education, Inc (TENTH EDIT). Pearson. http://marefateadyan.nashriyat.ir/node/150", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Goh, P. S., & Matthews, B. (2011). Listening To the Concerns of Student Teachers In Malaysia During Listening To the Concerns of Student Teachers In Malaysia During Teaching Practice Teaching Practic. Australian Journal of Teacher Education Australian Journal of Teacher , 36 (3), 13.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2012). educational research : quantitavi, qualitatve and mix approach (4th editio). SAGE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 429, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, dan P. (2017). Pengenalan lapangan persekolahan program sarjana pendidikan. In Panduan Program pengenalan lapangan persekolahan (pp. 1–43). Direktorat Pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis An expanded Sourcebook 2nd Edition (R. Holland (ed.); 2nd Ediiti). SAGE.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Patton, M. Q. (2002). How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation . SAGE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 tahun 2017 tentang standar pendidikan guru, Pub. L. No. Nomor 55 tentang standar pendidikan guru, Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia 29 (2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wati, Nopita & Candra: English Pre-Service …(4)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riyanto, B. (2001). No Title (Forth Edit). BPEE Yogyakarta. Sukardi. (2015). Metode penelitian pendidikan tindakan kelas implementasi dan pengembangannya. (Edisi Pert). Bumi Aksara. Varela, D. G., & Desiderio, M. F. (2021). 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90e5d410-cf95-c53c-0dd6-8b7526d1720c	https://e-journal.hamzanwadi.ac.id/index.php/jga/article/download/24255/4067	[ { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 677, "width": 419, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 723, "width": 402, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Submitted : 19-09 -2023 Accepted : 28-12-2023 Published: 30-12-2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 677, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "292", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 106, "width": 421, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 156, "width": 402, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Iin Maulina 1 , Yuniarti 2 , Almira Akyesti 3 PG-PAUD Universitas Muhammadiyah 1, PG-PAUD Universitas Muhammadiyah 2 PG-PAUD Universitas Muhammadiyah 3 Email: [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 42, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 253, "width": 499, "height": 165, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan anak dalam menyampaikan informasi dan pendapat kepada orang lain. Hasil wawancara bersama guru kelompok B RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara menjelaskan bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak masih kurang karena terdapat beberapa anak yang pemalu dan lebih suka menyendiri, serta anak yang sibuk sendiri sehingga tidak bisa fokus pada saat proses belajar, disekolah belum pernah menerapkan pembelajaran digital. Sehingga kurang menarik perhatian anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan penerapan guessing game berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif metode eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data, observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah anak Kelompok B, berjumlah 14 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji paired sample t-test. Hasil pengujian paired sampel t-test pada aspek yang dinilai yakni keputusan yang dapat diambil adalah tolak H o dan terima H a , artinya terdapat efektivitas dari media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 326, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: Guessing Games, PowerPoint, Kemampuan Berbicara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 460, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 474, "width": 499, "height": 164, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This research is motivated by children's ability to convey information and opinions to other people. The results of interviews with group B teacher RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara explained that children's speaking skills are still lacking because there are some children who are shy and prefer to be alone, as well as children who are busy themselves so they cannot focus during the learning process, at school they have never implemented digital learning. So it doesn't attract children's attention. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of implementing a PowerPoint- based guessing game on children's speaking abilities. This research uses a quantitative approach to experimental methods. Data collection techniques, observation, documentation and interviews. The sample in this study was Group B children, totaling 14 people. The data analysis technique used is the paired sample t-test. The results of the paired sample t-test on the aspects assessed are that the decision that can be taken is to reject H o and accept H a , meaning that there is effectiveness of the PowerPoint-based Guessing Games media on children's speaking abilities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 639, "width": 284, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Guessing Games, PowerPoint, Speaking Skills", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 444, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 527, "top": 695, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "293", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 499, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan pada anak usia dini sangatlah penting untuk mempersiapkan anak menuju pendidikan yang lebih lanjut sebagaimana dalam Undang-Undang No.20 tahun 2003 BAB I, Pasal 1 butir 14 menyatakan bahwa Pendidikan anak usia dini adalah suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lebih lanjut. Enam aspek perkembangan yang dapat dikembangkan pada pendidikan anak usia dini, yaitu aspek agama moral, bahasa, kognitif, sosial emosional, fisik motorik dan seni. Salah satu aspek perkembangan anak adalah aspek perkembangan bahasa. Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang sangat penting bagi anak. Dalam perkembangan bahasa mencakup kemampuan membaca, menyimak, menulis, mendengar, berbicara, dan berkomunikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 499, "height": 76, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mulyati Yeti (dalam Sitti Khodijayati Saputri 2020: 2) menyatakan, Kemampuan berbicara merupakan keterampilan berbahasa yang bersifat produktif. Artinya melalui kemampuan berbicara seseorang menyampaikan pengalaman, pikiran, ide kreatif, dan pendapatnya kepada orang lain dengan menggunakan bahasa yang baik dan benar, kemampuan berbicara seseorang ditentukan dengan tingkat penguasaannya terhadap topik pembicaraan dan kebahasaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 499, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasanah, (2019: 23) menyatakan “ Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint merupakan permainan yang dibuat dengan aplikasi software Microsoft bernama PowerPoint Presentation dan permainan ini dapat memberikan desain yang baik untuk anak agar lebih fokus pada proses pembelajaran”. Ada banyak alasan mengapa permainan ini dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara. Permainan ini memberikan kesempatan kepada anak-anak, mereka dapat menggunakan bahasa lisan yang dikemas dalam bahasa yang menarik, namun akan membangkitkan semangat dan minat belajar mereka. Harapannya anak pemalu atau lambat dapat menunjukkan kemampuannya dan menemukan anak yang aktif percaya diri dalam komunikasi verbal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 486, "width": 499, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permainan berbasis PowerPoint ini dapat memberikan kesempatan untuk siswa dalam menghadapi pembelajaran di era informasi. Siswa mampu bermain permainan dengan instruksi yang baik yang terdapat pada PowerPoint karena variasi desain dan animasi dapat merangsang minat siswa belajar dengan baik pada saat proses belajar mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 550, "width": 499, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jadi, berdasarkan hasil observasi di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara kemampuan anak dalam menyampaikan informasi dan pendapat kepada orang lain belum optimal dan masih perlu peningkatan. Dari hasil wawancara bersama guru kelompok B di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara menjelaskan bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak masih kurang karena ada beberapa anak yang pemalu dan lebih suka menyendiri, serta anak-anak yang sibuk sendiri sehingga tidak bisa fokus pada saat proses belajar-mengajar. Guru di kelompok B juga menjelaskan bahwa di sekolah belum pernah menerapkan pembelajaran digital. Penggunaan media pembelajaran audio, visual, dan video juga masih kurang sehingga kurang menarik perhatian anak dalam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan latar belakang yang sudah dijelaskan di atas, penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 294", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "oleh peneliti dapat memecahkan masalah yang terjadi di dalam proses pembelajaran. Permainan Guessing Games diharapkan dapat membuat siswa semangat mengikuti pembelajaran, merangsang kemampuan berbicara siswa, sehingga siswa berani untuk berbicara dan meningkatkan kemampuan berbicaranya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis PowerPoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 137, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 499, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest . Menurut Emzir (2017: 64) “Metode eksperimen adalah metode yang banyak dipilih dan paling produktif dalam penelitian.” Bila dilakukan dengan baik, Studi eksperimental menghasilkan bukti yang benar berkaitan dengan hubungan sebab-akibat. Alasan digunakannya metode eksperimen pada penelitian ini adalah karena peneliti akan menerapkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint serta menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh peningkatan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini kelompok B di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara. Penelitian ini termasuk One Group PreTest-Post Test Design, yaitu melakukan satu kali pengukuran di depan ( pretest ) sebelum adanya perlakuan ( treatment ) dan setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran lagi ( posttest ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 391, "width": 499, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi informan atau responden adalah pihak-pihak yang terlibat atau yang berada di lingkungan tempat penelitian yang dilaksanakan yaitu guru, kepala sekolah, dan anak didik. Sedangkan yang menjadi instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri, selain menggunakan peneliti sendiri dalam instrumen penelitian ini peneliti juga menggunakan instrumen berupa pedoman observasi, wawancara untuk melihat kegiatan di kelas. Dokumentasi untuk mencatat tentang kegiatan yang terjadi selama tindakan yang diberikan, alat yang digunakan adalah kamera dan perekam suara. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan cara observasi lapangan atau pengamatan untuk menghimpun data, teknik wawancara untuk memperoleh informasi verbal secara langsung dari informan dan dokumentasi merupakan catatan peristiwa yang sudah berlalu. Dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Ross & Willson (dalam Fachrun Naja Maulidia & Efriyani Djuwita, 2021: 61) menyatakan Paired sample t-test adalah teknik pengujian hipotesis yang membandingkan rata-rata dua kelompok sampel berpasangan atau rata-rata satu kelompok sampel yang diperiksa pada dua titik berbeda pada waktu yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 499, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan kemampuan berbicara anak kelompok B di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara sebelum dan sesudah diberikannya perlakuan dengan menggunakan media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 295", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 160, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 500, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh melalui data hasil penelitian langsung observasi pre-test, hasil tes dari treatment dan post-test , serta hasil dokumentasi. Data tersebut diperoleh peneliti dan dipilih agar dapat diolah menjadi data penelitian serta untuk memperoleh hasil penelitian melalui Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap keterampilan berbicara anak usia 5-6 tahun di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara. Jumlah anak di kelas B berjumlah 14 orang anak yang terdiri dari tiga anak perempuan dan 11 anak laki-laki. Upaya mengetahui kemampuan awal anak, diberikan pre-test yang dilakukan sebelum melaksanakan treatment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 499, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peneliti melakukan kegiatan penelitian terlebih dahulu mewawancarai guru kelas untuk mendapatkan informasi dan data anak tentang kemampuan berbicara anak serta media pembelajaran yang digunakan. Mei Linda, Elin B. Somantri, Firdaus Zar’in (2021: 30) menyatakan bahwa “Kemampuan berbicara sangat penting untuk anak karena berbicara selalu dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari,dengan berbicara anak dapat dengan mudah berinteraksi dengan orang lain.” Hasil yang telah ditemukan peneliti di sekolah kemampuan berbicara anak sebelum diberikan treatment masih rendah. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa hal ini terjadi karena media pembelajaran yang digunakan di sekolah kurang menarik perhatian anak, karena berdasarkan wawancara dari guru kelas media yang digunakan setiap pembelajaran hanya bergantung pada buku LKS (Lembar Kerja Siswa).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 375, "width": 499, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan selama lima kali pertemuan, pre-test dilakukan sebanyak satu kali pertemuan, treatment dilakukan selama tiga kali pertemuan, dan post-test dilakukan selama satu kali pertemuan setelah diberikan treatment selesai. Penjelasan tentang kemampuan berbicara anak pada saat pre-test bisa dilihat pada grafik berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 665, "width": 145, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Grafik 1. Data Pre-Test Anak", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 296", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebelum dilakukan perlakuan terlebih dahulu peneliti membuat data penilaian pre-test untuk melihat perkembangan kemampuan berbicara anak. Pre-test yang diberikan yaitu melihat kemampuan berbicara anak melalui media buku cerita yang dibacakan oleh guru kemudian setelah itu anak diberikan pertanyaan seputar cerita yang telah dibacakan. Hasil pre-test pada grafik di atas dapat dilihat bahwa dari perkembangan pada Indikator anak dapat menjawab pertanyaan yang lebih kompleks, terdapat empat anak dengan nilai Kurang Baik, dan 10 anak yang mendapatkan nilai Baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 499, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah diperoleh hasil pre-test , maka peneliti mulai melakukan penelitian berupa pemberian treatment atau perlakuan dengan menggunakan kegiatan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak yang bekerja sama dengan guru kelas untuk menyampaikan dan observasi yang membantu peneliti menemukan hasil dari post-test .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 264, "width": 499, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Treatment pertama ini peneliti menampilkan permainan tebak siapakah aku. Pada permainan ini terdapat gambar hewan yang ditutup oleh empat box. Kemudian box akan dibuka satu persatu dan anak diminta untuk menebak hewan apa yang ada di balik box tersebut. Jika jawaban anak benar maka akan mendapatkan point . Setelah selesai menebak dan semua box sudah terbuka, selanjutnya anak diminta untuk menyebutkan ciri-ciri dari hewan tersebut. Selain menyebutkan ciri-ciri, anak juga diminta untuk menceritakan atau menjelaskan tentang hewan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 553, "width": 260, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Treatment Pertama (Tebak siapakah aku?)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 108, "top": 584, "width": 435, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada treatment kedua anak diminta duduk di bawah menghadap ke layar infocus . Pada pertemuan kedua ini peneliti menampilkan permainan tebak suara. Pada permainan ini satu slide terdiri dari tiga gambar hewan dan juga terdapat suara hewan yang harus ditebak oleh anak . Setelah suara hewan sudah diputar, maka anak diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan. Setelah selesai menebak, selanjutnya anak diminta untuk menyebutkan ciri-ciri dari hewan yang ditampilkan tersebut. Selain menyebutkan ciri- ciri, anak diminta untuk memilih salah satu hewan kemudian anak menceritakan atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 297", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 105, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menjelaskan tentang hewan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 121, "width": 212, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2. Treatment Kedua (Tebak Suara)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 352, "width": 436, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada treatment ketiga ini memiliki peraturan permainan yang berbeda, kali ini anak akan bergantian maju ke depan untuk menebak bayangan apakah yang ada di layar. Jika salah satu anak sudah maju ke depan dan membelakangi layar infocus , maka tugas anak lainnya yang duduk menghadap infocus adalah memberikan clue atau petunjuk tentang hewan yang bersangkutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 432, "width": 231, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3. Treatment Ketiga (Tebak bayangan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 658, "width": 440, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penjelasan tentang kemampuan berbicara anak pada tahap post-test adalah sebagai berikut: Grafik 2. Data Post-test Anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 298", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 284, "width": 500, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil nilai post-test dari indikator Anak Dapat Menjawab Pertanyaan yang lebih Kompleks, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai Kurang Baik, tidak terdapat pula anak memiliki nilai yang Baik, dan terdapat 14 anak dengan nilai yang Sangat Baik. Selanjutnya, hasil nilai post-test dari Indikator anak dapat menyusun kalimat sederhana dalam struktur lengkap, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai Kurang Baik, terdapat lima anak memiliki nilai yang Baik, dan terdapat sembilan anak dengan nilai yang Sangat Baik. Dan terakhir, hasil nilai post-test dari Indikator anak memiliki lebih banyak kata-kata untuk mengekspresikan ide pada orang lain, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai Kurang Baik, terdapat dua anak memiliki nilai yang Baik, dan terdapat 12 anak dengan nilai yang Sangat Baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 427, "width": 499, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penilaian rata-rata pada saat pre-test dengan sampel 14 orang anak yaitu 4,21, sedangkan pada post-test sebanyak 8,5. Jadi, berdasarkan pre-test ke post-test mengalami peningkatan. Jika dilihat dari hasil observasi pre-test ke post-test, penerapan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint ini berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak. Begitu pula dengan data observasi diuji secara statistik hasilnya t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel, maka H 0 ditolak dan H a diterima. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini berarti terdapat efektivitas dari media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 299", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian paired sampel t test pada aspek-aspek yang dinilai siswa antara p re-test dan post-test yakni dengan taraf signifikansi alfa sebesar 5% diperoleh nilai t hitung sebesar -13,314 dengan nilai p -value sebesar 0,000 yang kurang dari alfa sebesar 0,05 maka keputusan yang dapat diambil adalah tolak H o dan terima H a , artinya terdapat efektivitas dari media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 386, "width": 221, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Grafik 3. Perbandingan Pre-test dan Post-test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 499, "height": 219, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil skrorsing dari data hasil observasi pre-test dan post-test terdapat peningkatan yang terjadi terhadap kemampuuan berbicara anak setelah diberikannya treatment dengan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint . Adapun penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan oleh Gita Vallenti Wibowo dan Suyadi (2021: 9) yang berjudul “Penerapan Permainan Bahasa Guessing Games Berbasis PowerPoint Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini” yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa “Bersumber pada hasil riset yang sudah periset lakukan pada Kelompok B di Taman Kanak-Kanak Thoyyibah Kota Bandar Lampung terkait proses kegiatan pembelajaran dengan penerapan permainan bahasa Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara anak usia dini sudah berjalan dengan cukup baik,..”. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penggunaan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint merupakan cara yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa pada anak usia dini. Karena anak senang bermain, permainan ini memudahkan anak untuk memahami informasi apa yang ingin disampaikan kepada para pendidik. Selain itu, melalui Guessing Games ini, anak-anak secara aktif mengungkapkan ide-ide kepada orang lain (Gita Vallenti Wibowo dan Suyadi, 2021: 9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 444, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 527, "top": 695, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "300", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 499, "height": 251, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semua rangkaian penelitian dan analisis data lapangan terkumpul, selanjutnya menarik kesimpulan yang berdasarkan pada fokus masalah dari judul penelitian tentang, Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Ra-Hasanuddin Pontianak, penelitian tentang Guessing Games berbais PowerPoint sudah baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan data lapangan yaitu, hasil penelitian dan pembahasan pada bab sebelumnya, maka dapat peneliti simpulkan mengenai P re-test bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berbicara anak sebelum diberikan treatment atau perlakuan. Setelah dilakukannya pre-test , peneliti memberikan treatment sebanyak tiga kali pertemuan yang disetiap harinya ditampilkan gussing games berbasis PowerPoint dan diberikannya kegiatan yang sudah di sesuaikan dengan indikator yang digunakan. Nilai post-test dari indikator anak memiliki lebih banyak kata-kata untuk mengekspresikan ide pada orang lain, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai kurang baik, terdapat dua anak memiliki nilai yang baik, dan terdapat 12 anak dengan nilai yang sangat baik. dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pembelajaran yang diberikan dinyatakan berhasil karena dengan adanya penilian yang diberikan dan hasil yang didapatkan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh peneliti ketika anak diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak maka hasilnya yaitu efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 391, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 407, "width": 499, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D . Bandung: PT Alfabet. Wibowo, Gita. V., Suyadi. (2020). Penerapan Permainan Bahasa Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini . Cakrawala Dini: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.12 (1),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 470, "width": 499, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Linda, Mei., Somantri, Elin. B., Zar’in, Firdaus. (2021). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Menggunakan Media Big Book Di Taman Kanakkanak Ananda Komyos Sudarso Pontianak Barat. Edukasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Anak Usia Dini. 9 (1), 30-40. Hasanah, U. (2019). Penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) Pada Taman Kanak-Kanak di Kota Metro Lampung. Awlady : Jurnal Pendiidkan Anak, 5(1), 20–40.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 550, "width": 499, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Saputri, Sitti. K. (2020). “ Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara Dalam Pembelajaran Teks Deskripsi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Guessing Game Pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah 12 Makassar ”. (Skripsi). Makassar : Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 499, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mariamah . (2017). Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini 4-5 Tahun Melalui Singing Games Ditaman Kanak-Kanak Islam Al Kautsar Pontianak Selatan. (Skripsi). Pontianak : Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 645, "width": 499, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, Nomor 146 Tahun 2014, tentang Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 677, "width": 415, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 BAB I, Pasal 1, Butir 14.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 444, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 527, "top": 695, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "301", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. (Online). Tersedia di kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/religius. Diakses 7 Juni 2022.", "type": "Text" } ]
beec1106-7c23-2b60-5b1c-48db2748a95c	https://journal.stieamm.ac.id/valid/article/download/114/89	[ { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PE RLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ISTRI MENURUT UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 235, "top": 95, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DALAM RUMAH TANGGA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 107, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Negeri Selong)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 129, "width": 256, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Johan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani Lombok Timur e-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 177, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 189, "width": 408, "height": 234, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Violence can occur within the scope of household members as a whole, not just violent husband on the wife. However, data obtained from both the research and case reports from various institutions that care for women, shows that the majority of cases of domestic violence is the husband on the wife. \"Domestic Violence is any act against someone, especially women, misery or suffering physical, sexual, psychological, and / or negligence of household including threat to commit acts, coercion, or deprivation of liberty unlawfully within the scope of household , The aim of this penellitian 1). To know the form perlindungaan laws against criminal liability for the wife and husband were involved in perpetrators of domestic violence. 2). To know the efforts to be made by the government in preventing domestic violence. The method used in this research is the method of juridical empirical research which is basically to first see the applicable legal norms subsequently seen how its implementation in the field, whether or not in accordance with the provisions and the underlying theories. The results of this study concluded that 1) the form of legal protection against the wife physically and psychologically as a victim of domestic violence, among others, have been determined in the law on Domestic Violence (domestic violence). 2) .Bentuk Domestic Violence (domestic violence) in the form of physical and psychological violence, sexual violence, economic violence. Cases of domestic violence committed by a husband against his wife is to a complaint not offense unusual in the sense that cases of domestic violence whose victims are the wife and the culprit is the new husband is processed criminally if there is a complaint of wives sebgaai the victim to the police by themselves or give power to others.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 428, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ke y words : legal protection, violence, domestic violence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 453, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 464, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu tujuan perkawinan sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam Pasal 1 Undang-Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan yang sekaligus memberikan suatu definisi perkawinan: “Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin antara seorang pria dengan seorang perempuan sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal, berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 524, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keutuhan dan kerukunan rumah tangga yang bahagia, aman, tenteram, dan damai merupakan dambaan setiap orang dalam rumah tangga. Negara Republik Indonesia adalah negara yang berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dijamin oleh Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Dengan demikian, setiap orang dalam lingkup rumah tangga dalam melaksanakan hak dan kewajibannya harus didasari oleh agama. Hal ini perlu terus ditumbuhkembangkan dalam rangka membangun keutuhan rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 595, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mewujudkan keutuhan dan kerukunan tersebut, sangat tergantung pada setiap orang dalam lingkup rumah tangga, terutama kadar kualitas perilaku dan pengendalian diri setiap orang dalam lingkup rumah tangga tersebut. Keutuhan dan kerukunan rumah tangga dapat terganggu jika kualitas dan pengendalian diri tidak dapat dikontrol, yang pada akhirnya dapat terjadi kekerasan dalam rumah tangga sehingga timbul ketidakamanan atau ketidakadilan terhadap orang yang berada dalam lingkup rumah tangga tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 666, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mencegah, melindungi korban, dan menindak pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, negara dan masyarakat wajib melaksanakan pencegahan, perlindungan, dan penindakan pelaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 399, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Drs.H.M.Anshary MK, SH., MH Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia (Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta 2010) hal 12 Undang- Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 Pasal 1", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "212", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sesuai dengan falsafah Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Negara berpandangan bahwa segala bentuk kekerasan, terutama kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, adalah pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan serta bentuk diskriminasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 116, "width": 408, "height": 128, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pandangan negara tersebut didasarkan pada Pasal 28 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, beserta perubahannya. Menentukan bahwa, “Setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang di bawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi” 2 . Pasal 28H ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menentukan bahwa “Setiap orang berhak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus untuk memperoleh kesempatan dan manfaat yang sama guna mencapai persamaan dan keadilan” 3 . Perkembangan dewasa ini menunjukkan bahwa tindak kekerasan secara fisik, psikis, seksual, dan penelantaran rumah tangga pada kenyataannya terjadi sehingga dibutuhkan perangkat hukum yang memadai untuk menghapus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 247, "width": 401, "height": 128, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam rangka mencegah dan menanggulangi terjadinya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, yang selanjutnya ditulis (KDRT) telah ada peraturan PerUndang-Undangan yang terkait dengan masalah KDRT yaitu, Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, yang diundangkan pada tanggal 22 September 2004. Di samping itu ada beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan KDRT, antara lain Undang- Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang No. 8 tahun 1981 Tentang KUHAP, Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1984 Tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Wanita. Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak. Namun demikian dalam kenyataan masih banyak anggota masyarakat yang belum mengetahui, memahami secara jelas ketentuan dalam peraturan perUndang-Undangan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 378, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hingga saat ini, KDRT sebagai salah satu jenis kekerasan yang berbasis gender dari waktu ke waktu terus mengalami peningkatan. Faktor yang melatar belakangi terjadinya kasus ini adalah diantaranya masih berkembangnya budaya patriarkhi, serta upaya penyetaraan gender belum menampakkan hasil yang signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 425, "width": 408, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga akhir-akhir ini banyak dibicarakan baik dalam bentuk lokakarya, seminar, diskusi maupun dialog publik. Pihak penyelenggara terdiri dari berbagai kalangan baik dari organisasi pemerintah, non pemerintah maupun para akademisi. Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga tidak hanya menjadikan perempuan sebagai korban, tetapi bisa anak-anak, perempuan (istri), bahkan juga laki-laki (suami), bahkan yang termasuk dalam lingkup rumah tangga menurut Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 bukan hanya suami, isteri dan anak tetapi termasuk juga orang yang mempunyai hubungan keluarga karena hubungan darah, perkawinan, persusuan, pengasuhan dan perkawinan yang menetap dalam rumah tangga yang bersangkutan. Termasuk juga orang yang membantu rumah tangga dan menetap dalam rumah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan dapat terjadi di dalam lingkup anggota rumah tangga secara keseluruhan, bukan hanya kekerasan suami terhadap isteri. Namun dari data yang diperoleh baik hasil penelitian maupun laporan kasus dari berbagai lembaga yang peduli terhadap perempuan, menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas kasus dalam rumah tangga adalah kekerasan suami terhadap isteri. “Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga adalah setiap perbuatan terhadap seseorang terutama perempuan, yang berakibat timbulnya kesengsaraan atau penderitaan secara fisik, seksual, psikologis, dan/atau penelantaran rumah tangga termasuk ancaman untuk melakukan perbuatan, pemaksaan, atau perampasan kemerdekaan secara melawan hukum dalam Iingkup rumah tangga” 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 697, "width": 267, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Pasal 28G ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara RI Tahun 1945 Perubahan", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 708, "width": 235, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3 Pasal 28H ayat (2) hak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 719, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4 Pasal 1 ayat (1) Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "213", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 410, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari latar belakang penelitian sebagaimana diuraikan di atas, penulis hendak membatasi penelitian ini berdasarkan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 104, "width": 390, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Bagaimanakah bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap istri dalam tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga ?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 128, "width": 391, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Bagaimanakah pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi suami yang terlibat dalam pelaku tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 155, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENDEKATAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 167, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendekatan masalah yang digunakan adalah pendekatan masalah dengan memakai metode yuridis empiris yakni penelitian ini pada dasarnya terlebih dahulu melihat norma hukum yang berlaku selanjutnya dilihat bagaimana pelaksanaanya dilapangan, apakah sesuai atau tidak dengan ketentuan dan teori-teori yang melandasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 214, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode analisa data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif analisis. Bahan hukum yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif, yaitu analisis yang dilakukan dengan memahami dan merangkai data yang telah diperoleh dan disusun sistematis, kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Dan kesimpulan yang diambil dengan menggunakan cara berpikir deduktif, yaitu dengan cara berpikir yang mendasar pada hal-hal yang bersifat umum kemudian ditarik kesimpulan secara khusus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 291, "width": 350, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga menurut sudut pandang HukumNasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 314, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga menurut sudut Pandang Hukum Nasional, teftuang dalam UU No. 23 Tahun 2004. Dimana implementasi Undang-Undang ini sebenarnya merupakan implementasi negara yang meratifikasi konvensi mengenai penghapusan segala bentuk diskriminasi terhadap perempuan (Convention on the Elimination of All Form of Discrimination/CEDAW ) melalui Undang-undang No 7 tahun 1984. Juga berdasar Deklarasi Penghapusan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan yang dilahirkan PBB tanggal 20 Desember 1993 dan telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Bahkan di Indonesia telah disahkan Undang- undang No 23 Tahun 2004 tentang 'Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 409, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti yang penulis wawancara menjelaskan “Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga seperti yang tertuang dalam Undang-undang No.23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga memiliki arti setiap perbuatan terhadap seseorang terutama perempuan, yang berakibat timbulnya kesengsaraan atau penderitaan secara fisik, seksual, psikologis, dan/atau penelantaran rumah tangga termasuk ancaman untuk melakukan perbuatan, pemaksaan, atau perampasan kemerdekaan secara melawan hukum dalam lingkup rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 492, "width": 408, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tindak kekerasan yang dilakukan suami terhadap isteri sebenarnya merupakan unsur yang berat dalam tindak pidana, dasar hukumnya adalah KUHp (kitab undang-undang hukum pidana) pasal 356 yang secara garis besar isi pasal yang berbunyi: \"Barang siapa yang melakukan penganiayaan terhadap ayah, ibu, isteri atau anak diancam hukuman pidana 5 ” UU tentang KDRT merupakan hukum publik yang didalamnya ada ancaman pidana penjara atau denda bagi yang melanggarnya, maka masyarakat luas khususnya kaum lelaki, dalam kedudukan sebagai kepala keluarga sebaiknya mengetahui apa itu kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT). Adapun tentang siapa saja yang termasuk dalam lingkup rumah tangga, adalah 6 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 587, "width": 260, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Suami, isteri, dan anak, termasuk anak angkat dan anak tiri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 599, "width": 391, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Orang-orang yang mempunyai hubungan keluarga dengan suami, isteri yang tinggal menetap dalam rumah tangga, seperti mertua, menantu, ipar, dan besan; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 623, "width": 391, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Orang yang bekerja membantu di rumah tangga dan menetap tinggal dalam rumah tangga tersebut, seperti PRT.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 647, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun bentuk KDRT seperti yang disebut di atas dapat dilakukan suami terhadap anggota keluarganya dalam bentuk :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 671, "width": 328, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kekerasan fisik, yang mengakibatkan rasa sakit, jatuh sakit atau luka berat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 710, "width": 194, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5 KUHp (kitab undang-undang hukum pidana) pasal 356", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 311, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6 Anshary H.M. (2010) Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta. Hal 22", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "214", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 69, "width": 390, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kekerasan psikis, yang mengakibatkan rasa ketakutan, hilangnya rasa percaya diri, hilangnya kemampuan untuk bertindak rasa tidak berdaya, dll.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 92, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Kekerasan seksual, yang berupa pemaksaan seksual dengan cara tidak wajar, baik untuk suami maupun untuk orang lain untuk tujuan komersial, atau tujuan tertentu; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 116, "width": 393, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Penelantaran rumah tangga yang terjadi dalam lingkup rumah tangganya, yang mana menurut hukum diwajibkan atasnya. Selain itu penelantaran juga berlaku bagi setiap orang yang mengakibatkan ketergantungan ekonomi dengan cara membatasi dan/atau melarang untuk bekerja yang layak di dalam atau di luar rumah, sehingga korban berada di bawah kendali orang tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 176, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Jenis Perbuatan dan Sanksi KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 188, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kekerasan Fisik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 199, "width": 408, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Bapak Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., selaku Hakim yang penulis wawancara mengatakan “kekerasan fisik dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu kekerasan fisik berat dan kekerasan fisik ringan. Kekerasan fisik berat berupa penganiayaan berat seperti menendang memukul, menyundut melakukan percobaan pembunuhan atau pembunuhan dan semua perbuatan lain yang dapat mengakibatkan cedera berat. Kekerasan Fisik Ringan, berupa menampar, menjambak, mendorong, dan perbuatan lainnya yang mengakibatkan cedera ringan, rasa sakit dan luka fisik yang tidak masuk dalam kategori berat 7 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 283, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam hukum pidana secara umum terdapat dua jenis delik yaitu delik biasa dan delik aduan. Delik biasa atau delik umum dapat diproses secara hukum tampa ada pengaduan dari korban. Namun pada delik aduan penuntutan terhadap perbuatan pidana tersebut baru akan dilakukan apabila ada pengaduan dari korban. Pada kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam lingkup rumah tangga terdapat dua jenis delik dalam satu pasal. Ketentuan jenis delik biasa dan delik aduan ini terdapat pada bab VIII UU KDRT tepatnya pada pasal 44, 45 dan pasal 46 sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 366, "width": 388, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Pasal 44 ayat 1, setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan kekerasan fisik dalam lingkup rumah tangga dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp.15.000.000 (lima belas juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 402, "width": 387, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Pasal 44 ayat 2, perbuatan kekerasan fisik dalam lingkup rumah tangga yang mengakibatkan korban jatuh sakit atau luka berat 36 maka pelaku dikenai sanksi pidana berupa pidana penjara palingnlama 10 tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp. 30,000,000 (tiga puluh juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 449, "width": 388, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Pasal 44 ayat 3, apabila perbuatan fisik menyebabkan kematian maka pelaku dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima belas tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp. 45,000,000 (Empat puluh lima juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 485, "width": 387, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4) Pasal 44 ayat 4 apabila kekerasan fisik dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya yang tidak menimbulkan penyakit atau tidak menyebabkan terhalangnya korban melakukan pekerjaan atau kegiatan sehari-hari maka pelaku dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5,000,000 (Lima juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada pasal 44 ayat 1 sampai dengan ayat 4 d iatas terdapat delik aduan dan delik biasa. Delik biasa terdapat pada pasal 44 ayat 1 sampai ayat 3 sedangkan pada pasal 44 ayat 4 merupakan delik aduan. Pada delik biasa pelaku kekerasan dalam KDRT apabila diketahui oleh pihak berwajib dapat diajukan penuntutan pidana tanpa menunggu laporan atau pengaduan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 592, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Para korban atau pelaku yang dimaksudkan pada pasal 44 ayat 1 sampai 3 adalah perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh orangtua terhadap anak atau sebaliknya. Sedangkan pasal 44 ayat 4 pelaku kekerasan disebutkan dengan jelas yaitu perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya perbuatan kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh istri terhadap suami yang menimbulkan rasa sakit, sanksinya lebih ringan dibandingkan dengan sanksi pada Pasal 44 ayat 1 yaitu sanksi penjara selama 4 bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5,000,000 (lima juta rupiah). Namun perbuatan sebagaimana disebutkan pada pasal 44 ayat 4 akan diproses apabila ada pengaduan tertulis atau secara lisan dari korban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., selaku Hakim", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "215", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kekerasan Psikis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 82, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Psikis Berat dan kekerasan psikis ringan, berupa tindakan pengendalian, manipulasi, eksploitasi, kesewenangan, perendahan dan penghinaan, dalam bentuk pelarangan, pemaksaan dan isolasi sosial; tindakan dan atau ucapan yang merendahkan atau menghina; penguntitan; kekerasan dan atau ancaman kekerasan fisik, seksual dan ekonomis; yang masing- masingnya bisa mengakibatkan penderitaan psikis berat berupa salah satu atau beberapa hal berikut 8 : a. Gangguan tidur atau gangguan makan atau ketergantungan obat atau disfungsi seksual yang salah satu atau kesemuanya berat dan atau menahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 177, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Gangguan stres pasca trauma.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 189, "width": 372, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Gangguan fungsi tubuh berat (seperti tiba-tiba lumpuh atau buta tanpa indikasi medis)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 201, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Depresi berat atau destruksi diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 213, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Gangguan jiwa dalam bentuk hilangnya kontak dengan realitas seperti skizofrenia dan atau bentuk psikotik lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 237, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Bunuh diri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 249, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Psikis Ringan, berupa tindakan pengendalian, manipulasi, eksploitasi, kesewenangan, perendahan dan penghinaan, dalam bentuk pelarangan, pemaksaan, dan isolasi sosial, tindakan dan atau ucapan yang merendahkan atau menghina, penguntitan, ancaman kekerasan fisik seksual dan ekonomis;yang masing-masingnya bisa mengakibatkan penderitaan psikis ringan, berupa salah satu atau beberapa hal di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 308, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Ketakutan dan perasaan terteror", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 320, "width": 383, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Rasa tidak berdaya, hilangnya rasa percaya diri, hilangnya kemampuan untuk bertindak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 332, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Gangguan tidur atau gangguan makan atau disfungsi seksual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 344, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Gangguan fungsi tubuh ringan (misalnya,sakitkepala,gangguan pencernaan tanpa indikasi medis).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 368, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Fobia atau depresi tempore", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 379, "width": 374, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pasal 45 juga terdapat delik biasa dan delik aduan. Pasal 45 terdiri dari 2 ayat antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 391, "width": 391, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pasal 45 ayat 1 setiap orang yanq melakukan perbuatan fsikis dalam lingkup rumah tangga dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama tiga tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp.9,000,000 (Sembilan juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 427, "width": 391, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Pasal 44 ayat 2 apabila kekerasan fiskis dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya yang tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit maka pelaku dikenai sanksi pidana penjara paling lama 4 bulan dan denda paling banyak Rp. 3,000,000 (tiga juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 463, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perbuatan sebagaimana disebutkan pada pasal 45 ayat 1 merupakan delik biasa sedangkan pada pasal 45 ayat 2 merupakan delik aduan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 487, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Kekerasan Seksual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 498, "width": 262, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan seksual berat dan kekerasan seksual ringan, berupa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 510, "width": 394, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pelecehan seksual dengan kontak fisilg seperti meraba, menyentuh organ seksual, mencium secara paksa, merangkul sefta perbuatan lain yang menimbulkan rasa mualqjfilq tefteror, terhina dan merasa dikendalikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 546, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Pemaksaan hubungan seksual tanpa persetujuan korban atau pada saat korban tidak menghendaki.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 570, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Pemaksaan hubungan seksual dengan cara tidak disukai, merendahkan dan atau menyakitkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 594, "width": 394, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Pemaksaan hubungan seksual dengan orang lain untuk tujuan pelacuran dan atau tujuan tertentu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 617, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Terjadinya hubungan seksual dimana pelaku memanfaatkan posisi ketergantungan korban yang seharusnya dilindungi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 641, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Tindakan seksual dengan kekerasan fisik dengan atau tanpa bantuan alat yang menimbulkan sakit, luka,atau cedera.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 663, "width": 408, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., 9 menambahkan kekerasan Seksual Ringan, berupa pelecehan seksual secara verbal seperti komentar verbal, gurauan porno, siulan, ejekan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 361, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8 Philips M. Hadjon, (1987) Perlindungan Hukum Cet. Ke 2 (Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., selaku Hakim", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "216", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "julukan dan atau secara non verbal, seperti ekspresi wajah, gerakan tubuh atau pun perbuatan lainnya yang meminta perhatian seksual yang tidak dikehendaki korban bersifat melecehkan dan atau menghina korban. Melakukan repitisi kekerasan seksual ringan dapat dimasukkan ke dalam jenis kekerasan seksual berat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 116, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun pasal 46 Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 berbunyi : \"setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan kekerasan seksual sebagaimana dimaksud pada pasal B hurup a dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 (dua betas) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp. 36,000,000,00 (Tiga puluh enam juta rupiah)\".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 164, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pasal 46 tersebut berkaitan dengan pasal 53 dari UU yang sama, yang berbunyi : \" Tindak pidana kekerasan seksual sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 46 yang dilakukan suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya merupakan delik aduan.\". Pasal 47 berbunyi setiap orang yang memaksa orang yang menetap dalam rumah tangganya melakukan hubungan seksual sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 8 hurup b dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 4 (Empat) tahun dan pidana penjara paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 12.000.000 (dua belas juta rupiah) atau denda paling banya Rp. 300.000.000 (tiga ratus juta rupiah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pasal 48, berbunyi : dalam hal perbuatan sebagaiman dalam pasal 46 dan pasal 47 mengakibatkan korban menyebabkan luka yang tidak memberi harapan untuk sembuh sama sekali, mengalami ganguan daya pikir atau kejiwaan sekurang-kurangnya selama 4 minggu terus menerus atau satu tahun tidak berturut-turut, gugur atau matinya janin dalam kandungan, atau mengakibatkan tidak berfungsinya alat reproduksi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 5 tahun dan pidana penjara paling lama 20 tahun atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 25,000,000 dan paling banyak Rp.500,000,000,-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Kekerasan Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Ekonomi dapat dibagi menjadi kekerasan ekonomi berat dan kekerasan ekonomi ringan. Kekerasan ekoomi Berat, yakni tindakan eksploitasi, manipulasi dan pengendalia lewat sarana ekonomi berupa 10 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 378, "width": 314, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Memaksa korban bekerja dengan cara eksploitatif termasuk pelacuran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 390, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Melarang korban bekerja tetapi menelantarkannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 402, "width": 381, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Mengambil tanpa sepengetahuan dan tanpa persetujuan korban, merampas dan atau memanipulasi harta benda korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 425, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Ekonomi Ringan, berupa melakukan upaya sengaja yang menjadikan korban tergantung atau tidak berdaya secara ekonomi atau tidak terpenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya. Pasal 49 mejelaskan tentang perbuatan menelantarkan orang lain dalam lingkup rumah tangganya maka dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 3 tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp.15,000,000,-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 473, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain jenis pidana sebagaimana diuraikan diatas yang terdapat pada pasal 44 sampai dengan pasal 49 maka hakim juga diberikan kewenangan oleh UUKDRT untuk memberikan pidana tambahan antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 508, "width": 381, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Pembatasan gerak pelaku baik yang bertujuan untuk menjauhkan pelaku dari korban dalam jarak dan waktu tertentu, maupun pembatasan hak-hak teftentu dari pelaku.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 532, "width": 378, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Penetapan pelaku mengikuti program konseling dibawah pengawasan lembaga tertentu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perbuatan pidana atau delik yang terdapat pada UUKDRT dan perbuatan pidana yang terdapat pada KUHP ada perbedaan walaupun sama-sama perbuatan pidana. Yang membedakannya adalah terletak pada locus deliKinya atau tempat perbutan pidana tersebut dilakukan. Delik yang terdapat pada KUHP tidak melihat dimana perbuatan itu dilakukan asalkan memenuhi unsur-unsur pidana maka perbuatan itu adalah perbuatan pidana yang bisa dituntut berdasarkan pasal yang dilanggar. Tetapi delik yang terdapat dalam Undang-undang No 23 tahun 2004 perbuatan pidana hanya bisa dituntut apabila tempat teriadinya di dalam rumah dimana pelaku dan korban bertempat tingal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 644, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Korban dah Hak Korban", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 657, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti yang penulis wawancara memaparkan setiap perempuan yang menjadi korban tindak pidana berada pada posisi yang lemah dan seringkali menglami peristiwa yang mengecewakan. Karena seakan akan dijadikan objek belaka. Bahkan pengalaman-pengalamannya harus dia ceritakannya kembali misalnya pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10 Ibid. Hal. 96", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "217", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "saat dia melapor ke polisi atau pada saat siding di pengadilan. Keadaan akan bertambah parah apabila masyarakat ikut memandang rendah mereka yang menjadi korban tindak pidana KDRT karena dianggap sebagai wanita yang tidak baik dan tidak taat pada suami atau suka melawan suami. Situasi seperti itu sangat mengecewakan sebab korban harus selalu menahan diri dan memendam perasaan malu. Korban adalah mereka yang menderita jasmaniah dan rohaniah sebagai akibat tindakan orang lain yang mencari pemenuhan kepentingan diri sendiri atau orang lain yang bertentangan dengan kepentingan dan hak asasi yang menderita. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 152, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Definisi dari korban adalah orang baik individu maupun kolektif telah menderita kerugian fisik dan mental, ekonomi dan social atau hak-hak dasar disebabkan oleh karena pelanggaran hokum pidana atau pelarangan tentang penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Berdasarkan pasal 1 ayat 4 Undang-undang no 23 tahun 2004 dijelaskan bahwa korban adalah orang yang mengalami kekerasan dan atau ancaman kekerasan dalam lingkup rumah tangga. Pengeftian korban dalam undang-undang no 13 tahun 2006 tentang perlindungan saksi dan korban bahwa korban adalah seseorang yang mengalami penderitaan fisilq mental dan kerugian ekonomi yang diakibatkan oleh suatu tindak pidana. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya Menurut Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti mengatakan “perempuan sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga memiliki hak-hak dan kewajiban- kewajiban. Hak-hak dan kewajiban korban adalah sebagai berikut 13 : 1. Mendapatkan kompensasi atas kompensasi atas penderitaan, sesuai dengan kemampuan pelaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 306, "width": 226, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Menolak kompensasi karena tidak memerlukannya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 318, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Mendapatkan kompensasinya untuk ahli warisnya apabila korban meninggal dunia karena tindakan tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 342, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Mendapatkan pembinaan dan rehabilitasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 354, "width": 165, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Mendapatkan kembali hak miliknya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 366, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Menolak menjadi saksi bila hal ini akan mebhayakan dirinya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 378, "width": 379, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Mendapatkan perlindungan dari ancaman pihak pelaku, bila melapor dan menjadi saksi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 390, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8. Mendapatkan bantuan penasehat hukum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 402, "width": 133, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9. Menggunakan upaya hukum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 413, "width": 176, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian kewajiban dari korban adalah :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 425, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Tidak main hakim sendiri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 437, "width": 354, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Berpartisipasi dengan masyarakat terjadinya/ timbulnya korban lebih banyak lagi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 449, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Korban berkewajiban mencegah kehancuarn sipelaku baik oleh diri sendiri maupun oleh orang lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 473, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Korban wajib ikut serta membina pelaku", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 485, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Bersedia membina atau dibina agar tidak menjadi korab lagi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 497, "width": 325, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Tidak menuntut kompensasi yang tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan pelaku.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 508, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Memberi kesempatan pelaku untuk memberi kompensasi secara bertahap atau sesuai dengan ke mampuannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 532, "width": 330, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8. Wajib menjadi saksi bila tidak membahayakan diri sendiri dan ada jaminan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hak dan kewajiban korban dalam undang-undang KDRT terdapat pada pasal 10 adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 568, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Perlindungan dari pihak keluarga, kepolisian kejaksaan, pengadilan, advokat, lembaga sosial atau pihak lainnya baik sementara maupun berdasarkan penetapan pemerintah perlindungan dari pengadilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 604, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Pelayanan kesehatan sesuai dengan kebutuhan medis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 615, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Penanganan khusus berkaitan dengan kerahasiaan korban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 627, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Pendampingan oleh pekerja sosial dan bantuan hokum pada tiap proses pemeriksaan sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 651, "width": 137, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Pelayanan bimbingan rohani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 665, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian pada Pasal 26 hak-hak korban antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 698, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "11 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "12 ibid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 247, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "13 Wawancara Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "218", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 123, "top": 69, "width": 387, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Korban berhak melaporkan secara langsung kekerasan dalam rumah tangga kepada kepolisian baik ditempat korban berada maupun ditempat kejadian perkara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 96, "width": 387, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Korban dapat memberikan kuasa kepada keluarga atau orang lain untuk melaporkan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga kepada pihak kepolisian baik ditempat korban berada maupun ditempat kejadian perkara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 137, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Faktor Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 149, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ada beberapa Faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan dalam Ruang Lingkup Rumah Tangga, antara lain sebagai Berikut 14 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 173, "width": 244, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Laki-laki dan perempuan tidak dalam posisi yang setara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 184, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Masyarakat menganggap laki-laki dengan menanamkan anggapan bahwa laki-laki harus kuat berani serta tanpa ampun", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 208, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga dianggap bukan sebagai permasalahan sosial, tetapi persoalan pribadi terhadap relasi suami istri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 232, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Pemahaman keliru terhadap ajaran agama, sehingga timbul anggapan bahwa laki-laki boleh menguasai perempuan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 256, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Pembelaan atas kekuasaan laki-laki", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 268, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Laki-laki dianggap sebagai dengan wanita, sehingga superioritas sumber daya dibandingkan mampu mengatur dan mengendalikan wanita.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 291, "width": 213, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Diskriminasi dan pembatasan dibidang ekonomi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 305, "width": 388, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8. Diskriminasi dan pembatasan kesempatan bagi wanita untuk bekerja mengakibatkan wanita (istri) ketergantungan terhadap suami, dan ketika suami kehilangan pekerjaan maka istri mengalami tindakan kekerasan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 346, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9. Beban pengasuhan anak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 360, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10. Istri yang tidak bekerja, menjadikannya menanggung beban sebagai pengasuh anak. Ketika terjadi hal yang tidak diharapkan terhadap anak, maka suami akan menyalah-kan istri sehingga tejadi kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 396, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UU No.23 tahun 2004 juga mengatur kewajiban masyarakat dalam PKDRT, dimana bagi setiap orang yang mendengar, melihat, atau mengetahui terjadinya kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) wajib melakukan upaya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 431, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. mencegah KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 443, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Memberikan perlindungan kepada korban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 455, "width": 170, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Memberikan pertolongan darurat; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 467, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Mengajukan proses pengajuan permohonan penetapan perlindungan; (vide pasal 15 UU PKDRT).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 491, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Namun untuk kejahatan kekerasan psikis dan fisik ringan serta kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di dalam relasi antar suami-isteri, maka yang berlaku adalah delik aduan. Maksudnya adalah korban sendiri yang melaporkan KDRT yang dialaminya kepada pihak kepolisian. (vide, pasal 26 ayat 1 UU 23 tahun 2004 tentang PKDRT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 538, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Namun korban dapat memberikan kuasa kepada keluarga atau Advokat/Pengacara untuk melaporkan KDRT ke kepolisian (vide, pasal 26 ayat 2). Jika yang menjadi korban adalah seorang anak, laporan dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua, wali, pengasuh atau anak yang bersangkutan (vide, pasal2T). Adapun mengenai sanksi pidana dalam pelanggaran UU No.23 tahun 2004 tentang PKDRT diatur dalam Bab VIII mulai dari pasal 44 sld pasal 53. Khusus untuk kekerasan KDRT di bidang seksual, berlaku pidana minimal 5 tahun penjara dan maksimal 15 tahun penjara atau 20 tahun penjara atau denda antara 12 juta s/d 300 juta rupiah atau antara 25 juta s/d 500 juta rupiah. ( vide pasal 47 dan 48 UU PKDRT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 638, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E. Perlindungan Hukum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 651, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keberadaan hukum dalam masyarakat merupakan suatu sarana untuk menciptakan ketentraman dan keteftiban masyarakat, sehingga dalam hubungan antar anggota masyarakat yang satu dengan yang lainnya dapat dijaga kepentingannya. Hukum tidak lain adalah perlindungan kepentingan manusia yang berbentuk norma atau kaedah. Hukum sebagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "14 Ibid. Hal 72", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kumpulan peraturan atau kaedah mengandung isi yang bersifat umum dan normatif, umum karena berlaku bagi setiap orang, dan normatif karena menentukan apa yang boleh dan tidak boleh dilakukan, serta menentukan bagaimana cara melaksanakan kepatuhan pada kaedah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Wujud dari peran hukum dalam masyarakat adalah memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada anggota masyarakat yang kepentingannya terganggu. Persengketaan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat harus diselesaikan menurut hukum yang berlaku, sehingga dapat mencegahperilaku main hakim sendiri. Tujuan pokok hukum sebagai perlindungan kepentingan manusia adalah menciptakan tatanan masyarakat yang tertib, sehingga terwujud kehidupan yang seimbang. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 164, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hukum itu bertujuan agar tercapainya ketertiban dalam masyarakat sehingga diharapkan kepentingan manusia akan terlindungi untuk mencapai tujuannya dan bertugas membagi hak dan kewajiban antar perorangan dalam masyarakat, membagi wewenang dan mengutamakan pemecahan masalah hukum serta memelihara kepastian hukum. Menurut Subekti dalam buku Sudikno Mertokusumo berpendapat, bahwa tujuan hukum itu mengabdi kepada tujuan Negara, yaitu mendatangkan kemakmuran dan kebahagiaan bagi rakyatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 235, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan kata lain, perlindungan hukum dapat diartikan sebagai suatu gambaran darifungsi hukum, yaitu ketenteraman bagi segala kepentingan manusia yang ada di dalam masyarakat sehingga tercipta keselarasan dan keseimbangan hidup masyarakat. Sedangkan perlindungan hukum dalam arti luas adalah tidak hanya diberikan kepada seluruh makhluk hidup maupun segala ciptaan Tuhan dan dimanfaatkan bersama-sama dalam rangka kehidupan yang adil dan damai. Indonesia adalah negara yang berdasarkan Pancasila, maka system perlindungan hukum yang dianut harus berpijak pada dasar Negara Pancasila, yaitu tidak hanya melihat hak dan kewajiban di dalam masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 330, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prinsip-prinsip perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat Indonesia berlandas pada Pancasila sebagai dasar ideologi dan dasar falsafah Negara. Prinsip-prinsip yang mendasari perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat berdasarkan Pancasila adalah Prinsip-prinsip perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat terhadap tindakan pemerintahan yang bersumber pada konsep tentang pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 390, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia pada dasarnya terkandung dalam nilai-nilai Pancasila yanq telah disepakati sebagai dasar negara. Dengan kata lain, Pancasila merupakan sumber pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia. Pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia berarti mengakui kehendak manusia untuk hidupbersama yang bertujuan yang diarahkan pada usaha untuk mencapai kesejahteraan bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 449, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prinsip kedua yang melandasi perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat terhadap tindakan pemerintahan adalah prinsip negara hukum.Pancasila sebagai dasar falsafah Negara serta adanya asas keserasian hubungan antara pemerintah dan rakyat berdasarkan asas kerukunantetap merupakan elemen peftama dan utama karena Pancasila, yang pada akhirnya mengarah pada usaha tercapainya keserasian dan keseimbangan dalam kehidupan 16 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 508, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hukum melindungi kepentingan seseorang dengan cara mengalokasikan suatu kekuasaan kepadanya untuk bertindak dalam rangka kepentingan tersebut. Antara hak dan kewajiban terdapat hubungan yang sangat erat yang satu mencerminkan adanya yang lain 17 . Suatu kepentingan merupakan sasaran dari ha( bukan hanya karena ia dilindungi oleh hukum tetapi juga karena adanya pengakuan terhadapnya. Ciri-ciri yang melekat pada hak menurut hukum adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 580, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Hak itu diletakkan kepada seseorang yang disebut sebagai pemilik atau subyek dari hak itu. la juga disebut sebagai orang yang memiliki titel atas barang yang menjadi sasaran dari hak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 615, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Hak itu tertuju kepada orang lain, yaitu yang menjadi pemegang kewajiban. Antara hak dan kewajiban terdapat berhubungan korelataif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 639, "width": 388, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Hak yang ada pada seseorang ini mewajibkan pihak lain untuk melakukan ( commission ) atau tidak melakukan ( ommision ) sesuatu perbuatan. Ini bisa disebut sebagai isi dari hak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 663, "width": 388, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Commission atau ommission itu menyangkut sesuatu yang bisa disebut sebagai objek dari hak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 698, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "15 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 391, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "16 Philips M. Hadjon, (1987) Perlindungan Hukum Cet. Ke 2 (Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press. Hal 56", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 719, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "17 Ibid. Hal. 70", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "220", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 123, "top": 69, "width": 387, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Setiap hak menurut hukum itu menyangkut titel yaitu suatu peristiwa tertentu yang menjadi alasan melekatnya hak itu pada pemiliknya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 92, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu fungsi hukum adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada warga masyarakat, terutama yang berada pada posisi lemah akibat hubungan hukum atau kedudukan yang tidak seimbang. Perlindungan hukum adalah unsur yang memiliki peran yang penting dari suatu penegakan hukum. Menurut Sudikno Mertokusumo hukum berfungsi sebagai perlindungan kepentingan manusia agar kepentingan manusia terlindungai, hukum harus dilaksanakan. Pelaksanaan hukum dapat berlangsung secara normal, damai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 168, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F. Perlindungan Korban KDRT Dalam Peradilan Pidana dan Dalam Undang-Undang No 23 Tahun 2004", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 192, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada suatu tindak pidana terdapat dua komponen pokok yaitu pelaku dan korban. Pada kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dalam pembahasan skripsi ini penulis secara khusus membahas perempuan/istri sebagai korban KDRT yang dilakukan oleh seorang suami. Antara korban dan pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga masih memiliki ikatan sebagai suami istri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 239, "width": 408, "height": 128, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti memaparkan perlindungan terhadap istri sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang dilakukan oleh suami akan dilindungi oleh hukum yang berlaku dan akan diproses berdasarkan hukum acara pidana. Dalam hukum pidana saat ini perlindungan terhadap korban ternyata sangat abstrak atau perlindungan secara tidak langsung maksudnya pengaturan perlindungan terhadap korban diatur dalam berbagai aturan perundang-undangan dan tidak memiliki undang-undang yang secara khusus untuk melindungi korban terutama korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Undang-undang yang ada sekarang yang terkait langsung dengan KDRT yaitu undang-undang no 23 tahun 2004. Undang-undang ini menurut penulis sangat lemah karena posisi dari istri sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga kasusnya baru akan diperoses apabila ada pengaduan dari istri atau dari korban. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 370, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam hukum acara pidana selain diperhatikan hak korban juga diprhatikan hak-hak dari tersangka. Khusus terkait dengan hak dari istri atau korban KDRT KUHAP memperhatikan hak korban dengan cara menggabungkan perkara pidananya dengan perkara gugatan ganti kerugian, jika suatu perbuatan yang menjadi dasar dakwaan didalam suatu pemeriksaan perkara pidana oleh pengadilan negeri menimbulkan kerugian bagi orang lain, maka hakim ketua sidang atas permintaan orang itu dapat menetapkan untuk menggabungkan perkara gugatan ganti rugi kepada perkara pidana itu 19 \".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 453, "width": 387, "height": 45, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perlindungan hukum bagi korban KDRT diatur pada Pasal 16 UUKDRT, antara lain : 1. Dalam waktu 1 x 24 jam terhitung dari sejak mengetahui atau menerima laporan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, kepolisian wajib segera memberikan perlindungan sementara pada korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 501, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Perlindungan sementara sebagaimana yang dimaksud pada ayat 1, diberikan paling lama 7 hari sejak korban diterima atau ditangani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 525, "width": 387, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Dalam waktu 1 x 24 jam terhitung sejak pemberian perlindungan sebagaiman dimaksud pada ayat 1 , kepolisian wajib meminta surat penetapan perintah perlindungan dari pengadilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 560, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan terhadap korban tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (UUKDRT), selain dalam pasal 16 sebagaimana yang telah diuraikan di atas, terdapat juga dalam Pasal 17 s/d Pasal 38. secara garis besarnya bentuk perrindungan tersebut dapat saya simpulkan adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 608, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Perlindungan kesehatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 620, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Perlindungan hak untuk mendapat pelayanan dan pendampingan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 632, "width": 264, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Perlindungan pisikologis dalam bentuk bimbingan konseling", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 644, "width": 387, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Dan perlindungan lainnya yang dapat memberikan rasa aman bagi korban. Dimana bentuk perlindungannya dapat disesuaikan dengan kondisi korban dilihat dari segi fisik dan umur korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 708, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "18 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 719, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "19 pasal 98 ayat 1 KUHAP", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "221", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 227, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "G. Hak-Hak Perempuan Sebagai Korban KDRT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 405, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga seorang perempuan berdasarkan undang- undang berhak mendapatkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 104, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Perlindungan dari pihak keluarga, kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan, advokat, lembaga sosial, atau pihak lainnya baik sementara maupun berdasarkan penetapan perintah perlindungan dari pengadilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 140, "width": 202, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Pelayanan kesehatan sesuai kebutuhan medis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 152, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Penanganan secara khusus berkaitan dengan kerahasiaan korban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 164, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Pendampingan oleh pekerja sosial dan bantuan hukum pada setiap tingkat proses pemeriksaan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 187, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Pelayanan bimbingan rohani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 199, "width": 262, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam UU PKDRT Pemerintah mempunyai kewajiban, yaitu :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 211, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Merumuskan kebijakan penghapusan KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 223, "width": 306, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Menyelenggarakan komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi tentang KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 235, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Menyelenggarakan sosialisasi dan advokasi tentang KDRT; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 247, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Menyelenggarakan pendidikan dan pelatihan sensitif jender, dan isu KDRT serta menetapkan standard dan akreditasi pelayanan yang sensitif jender.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 271, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Masalah kekerasan dalam rumah tangga telah mendapatkan perlindungan hukum dalam Undang-undang Nomor 23 tahun 2004 yang antara lain menegaskan bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 294, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Setiap warga negara berhak mendapatkan rasa aman dan bebes dari segala bentuk kekerasan sesuai dengan falsafah Pancasila dan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia tahun 1945.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 330, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Segala bentuk kekerasan, terutama Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga merupakan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, dan kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan sefta bentuk deskriminasi yang harus dihapus.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 366, "width": 387, "height": 45, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang kebanyakan adalah perempuan, hal itu harus mendapatkan perlindungan dari Negara dan/atau masyarakat agar terhindar dan terbebas dari kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan, penyiksaan, atau perlakuan yang merendahkan derajat dan martabat kemanusiaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 430, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 442, "width": 59, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 455, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan pada bab III dan bab IV diatas penulis dapat meyimpulkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 479, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap istri secara fisik dan psikis sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga antara lain sudah ditentukan dalam undang-undang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 515, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Perlindungan kesehatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 526, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Perlindungan hak untuk mendapat pelayanan dan pendampingan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 538, "width": 264, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Perlindungan pisikologis dalam bentuk bimbingan konseling", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 550, "width": 321, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Dan perlindungan lainnya yang dapat memberikan rasa aman bagi korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 562, "width": 394, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Perlindungan juga diberikan oleh pihak kepolisian dalam bentuk perlindungan sementara dan juga perlindungan diberikan oleh pihak pengadilan dalam bentuk menerbitkan surat perintah perlindungan terhadap korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 598, "width": 409, "height": 116, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Bentuk Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) baik berupa kekerasan fisik dan psikis, kekerasan seksual, kekerasan ekonomis. Kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri merupakan delik aduan bukan delik biasa dalam arti bahwa kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang korbannya adalah istri dan pelakunya adalah suami baru diproses secara pidana apabila ada pengaduan dari istri sebgaai korban kepada kepolisian baik dilakukan sendiri maupun memberikan kuasa kepada orang lain. Pihak suami yang melakukan kekerasan terhadap istri baik kekerasan fisik, fsikis, seksual dan ekonomis baru digolongkan sebagai perbuatan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga apabila kekerasan itu dilakukan didalam rumah dimana tempat mereka tinggal. Namun apabila hal itu dilakukan diluar rumah maka tidak termasuk ke dalam kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Saran-saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil analisa penulis terhadap ketentuan Undang-undang KDRT terhadap perlindungan hukum kepada istri sebagai korban KDRT masih sangat lemah dan belum maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 104, "width": 394, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Untuk istri yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga sebainya melaporkan ke pihak berwajib agar bisa diproses secra hukum, karena jika tidak melaporkan kekerasan yang menimpanya maka perbuatan dari suami tersebut tentu tidak akan diproses secara pidana, hal ini berarti akan sulit UU KDRT untuk diterapkan karena delik atau perbuatan pidana yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri merupakan delik aduan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 164, "width": 394, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Penulis memberikan saran atau rekomendasi kepada pihak yang terkait agar meninjau ulang atau menyempurnakan Undang-undang KDRT karena masih terdapat kelemahan- kelemahan terutama pasal-pasal yang menyangkut istri sebagai korban KDRT. Apabila dianalisa UUKDRT yang ada sekarang lebih banyak berpihak dan melindungi pihak suami sebagai pelaku KDRT. Dengan demikian pemerintah harus lebih berbuat adil dengan cara merubah bebetrapa pasal yang terdapat pada UUKDRT yang ada sekarang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 272, "width": 343, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Anshary H.M. (2010) Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta. Dendy Sugiono , (2008) . Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia . Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 296, "width": 405, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fakih, Mansour, (1998), Diskriminasi dan Beban Kerja Perempuan: Perspektif Gender, Yogyakarta: CIDESINDO.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 320, "width": 405, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hartono, C.F.G. Sunaryati, (1991), Politik Hukum Menuju Satu Sistem Hukum Nasional , Bandung: Alumni.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 344, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hardijan Rusli , ( 2006 )“Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Bagaimana?”, Law Review Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pelita Harapan, Volume V No. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 368, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indonesia, Pasal 28G ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara RI Tahun 1945 Perubahan. Indonesia, Pasal 28H ayat (2) hak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus Indonesia, Undang-Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 Pasal 1 Tentang Perkawinan Indonesia , Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Indonesia, Dokumentasi (WCC,2012) UU RI No 23 Tahun 2004, Pasal 1 ayat 3 tentang penghapusan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 439, "width": 408, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kansil , , (2010) Latihan Ujian Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Untuk Perguruan Tinggi . Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 464, "width": 407, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peter Mahmud Marzuki, (2009). Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta : Kencana Prenada Media Group. Philips M. Hadjon, (1987) Perlindungan Hukum Cet. Ke 2 (Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 499, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji, (2009). Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat, Cetakan ke – 11. Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 523, "width": 290, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Zahirin Harahap (2001), Beberapa Asoek Sosiologi Hukum, Bandung.", "type": "Text" } ]
01c08a8b-b77e-5574-3943-b564ef17fd1c	https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/706/568	[ { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 105, "top": 57, "width": 255, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Page 3428-3443 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 119, "width": 281, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 165, "width": 407, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Penerjemahan Hakikat Kedaulatan Rakyat Melalui Pemilihan Umum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 156, "top": 228, "width": 300, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Ujang Charda S 1 ✉ , Hari Nazarudin 2 , Yudha Adi Kusumah 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 254, "width": 192, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(1) Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Subang (2) Anggota KPU Kabupaten Subang (3) Staf Bawaslu Kabupaten Subang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 238, "top": 311, "width": 153, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 379, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 66, "top": 397, "width": 462, "height": 228, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan rakyat menggambarkan suatu sistem dalam sebuah negara yang menghendaki kekuasaan tertinggi dipegang oleh rakyat. Kedaulatan rakyat juga menggambarkan pemenuhan kehendak umum yang tidak hanya berkaitan dengan hal-hal penyelenggaraan kekuasaan pemerintah dan peradilan, tetapi juga kekuasaan dalam pembentukan peraturan. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah bersifat deskriptif analistis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui tahap penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Kemudian data dianalisis melalui metode normatif kualitatif tanpa mempergunakan angka- angka dan rumus secara matematis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa Pemilu merupakan sarana untuk menyalurkan kedaulatan rakyat yang dijamin konstitusi. Pemilu menjunjung tinggi semangat langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil untuk memilih Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota, sehingga rakyat sebagai pemiliki kedaulatan tertinggi memiliki andil untuk membentuk suatu pemerintahan. Rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi harus aktif dalam mensukseskan perhelatan pemilu pada setiap pemilu yang dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 628, "width": 274, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kata Kunci: Hakikat, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Pemilihan Umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 259, "top": 377, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 402, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilihan umum (selanjutnya disebut pemilu) merupakan sarana pelaksanaan dari kedaulatan rakyat yang diatur dalam UUD 1945 yang dalam penerapan demokrasi tidak langsung, sistem demokrasi perwakilan sebagai hal yang tidak dapat dielakkan, sehingga pemilu yang menjunjung tinggi semangat langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil merupakan sarana regenerasi kepemimpinan politik untuk menjalankan pemerintahan, baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah. Rakyat sebagai pemilik kedaulatan tertinggi menyerahkan kedaulatannya kepada lembaga negara, seperti Presiden, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD melalui pemilu. Pasca perubahan UUD 1945 terjadi pergeseran dalam pengaturan kedaulatan rakyat, seperti MPR tidak lagi sebagai pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat, pelaksanan pemilihan presiden langsung oleh rakyat, hingga munculnya Mahkamah Konstitusi yang dapat mengadili dan memutus presiden dan wakil presiden untuk berhenti dalam masa jabatannya. Semua ini merupakan upaya untuk menegakkan kedaulatan rakyat dan sekaligus untuk menjaga kedaulatan rakyat itu berdasarkan UUD 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 617, "width": 509, "height": 167, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Penjelmaan kedaulatan rakyat pada UUD 1945 setelah perubahan berarti penjelmaan kedaulatan rakyat itu dalam ketentuan-ketentuan UUD 1945 sebagai implikasi yuridis ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945, bukan seperti sebelum perubahan yang dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh MPR (Asshiddiqie, 1999). UUD 1945 setelah perubahan menetukan, bahwa semua lembaga atau organ negara melaksanakan kedaulatan rakyat, tidak hanya MPR saja sebagai lembaga tertinggi negara seperti sebelumnya. Kedaulatan rakyat diwujudkan dalam tiga cabang kekuasaaan yang tercermin dalam Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat yang terdiri atas Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah sebagai pemegang kekuasaan legislatif, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden sebagai pemegang kekuasaan eksekutif, dan Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai pemegang kekuasaan yudikatif. Dalam menentukan kebijakan pokok pemerintahan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 88, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 105, "width": 472, "height": 211, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sovereignty of the people describes a system in a country that wants the highest power to be held by the people. Sovereignty of the people also describes the fulfillment of the general will which is not only related to matters relating to the administration of government and judicial power, but also the power in forming regulations. The research method used is analytical descriptive with a normative juridical approach through the library and field research stages with data collection techniques through literature study. Then the data were analyzed through qualitative normative methods without using numbers and mathematical formulas. Based on the results of the research, it shows that elections are a means to channel people's sovereignty guaranteed by the constitution. Elections uphold the spirit of being direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair to elect a President and Vice President, members of the DPR, DPD, Provincial DPRD and Regency/Municipal DPRD, so that the people as the possessors of supreme sovereignty have a stake in forming a government. The people as the holder of the highest sovereignty must be active in the success of the election event in every election that is held.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 318, "width": 303, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Keyword: Essence, Sovereignty Of The People, General Elections.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 110, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "mengatur ketentuan-ketentuan hukum berupa Undang-Undang Dasar dan undang-undang dan juga dalam menjalankan fungsi pengawasan terhadap jalannya pemerintahan, dilangsungkanlah suatu perlembagaan kedaulatan rakyat melalui pemilu berdasarkan sistem perwakilan yang menghadirkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah. Bahkan juga di daerah-daerah provinsi dan kabupaten/kota, perlembagaan kedaulatan rakyat itu disalurkan melalui sistem perwakilan sehingga menghadirkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah yang juga diisi melalui pemilihan umum (Asshiddique, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 195, "width": 510, "height": 185, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Hasil dari pemilu itulah yang kemudian mengisi jabatan-jabatan kelembagaan negara yang menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat dalam bentuk kedaulatan hukum. Hanya saja dalam proses menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat itu, semua lembaga negara haruslah tunduk pada ketentuan-ketentuan Undang-Undang Dasar sebagai implikasi dari supremasi konstitusi sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945. Tidak hanya itu saja, segala ketentuan yang berada dalam UUD 1945 sejatinya adalah amanat pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat namun tetap tidak dapat bertentangan dengan kedaulatan rakyat itu sendiri. Artinya apabila rakyat menghendaki untuk merubah ketentuan-ketentuan dalam UUD Tahun 1945, maka kehendak rakyat ini harus dipandang sebagai kehendak hukum ataupun kedaulatan di bidang hukum (volunte general) yang harus disalurkan dan tidak boleh dikesampingkan, karena UUD 1945 juga telah memberi peluang untuk melakukan perubahan terhadapnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 391, "width": 509, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Inilah penegasan kembali terhadap pelaksanaan sistem konstitusional berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar, yaitu pelaksanaan kedulatan rakyat yang disalurkan dan diselenggarakan menurut prosedur konstitusional yang ditetapkan dalam hukum dan konstitusi (constitutional democracy) ataupun disebutkan sebagai negara demokrasi yang berdasarkan hukum dan negara hukum yang demokratis, beriringannya konsep demokrasi dan nomokrasi (Asshiddique, 2005). Ihwal ini dikarenakan kedaulatan rakyat itu terwujud juga dalam hukum selain terwujud juga dalam lembaga-lembaga negara sebagaimana telah diuraikan di atas. Oleh karena itu, lembaga-lembaga tinggi negara yang melaksanakan kedaulatan rakyat secara kehendak hukum (volunte generale) tetap tidak boleh melanggar prinsip kedaulatan rakyat (Asshiddique, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 584, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 609, "width": 509, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitu dengan menginventarisasi, mengkaji dan menganalisis serta memahami hukum sebagai perangkat peraturan atau norma-norma positif di dalam sistem perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai kehidupan manusia. Spesifikasi Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitis yang merupakan penelitian untuk menggambarkan alur komunikasi ilmiah dan menganalisa masalah yang ada yang akan disajikan secara deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, antara lain mencakup bahan-bahan pustaka yang terkait penelitian, data sekunder yang mencakup bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Kemudian dilakukan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui studi pustaka melalui penelaahan terhadap bahan-bahan pustaka yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti, selanjutnya data dianalisis secara normatif-kualitatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 779, "width": 140, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 194, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "1. Hakikat Kedaulatan dalam UUD 1945", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 93, "width": 509, "height": 129, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan itu ialah suatu pengertian yang dalam bahasa Belanda disebut souvereinteit (Busro & Busro, 1991), souverainete (Perancis), atau Sovranus (Italia) (Syahmin AK, 1992). Di samping itu, ada istilah berdaulat (souverein) adalah van geen hoger gezag afhankelijk adalah kekuasaan yang tertinggi yang tidak berasal dan tidak tergantung pada kekuasaan lain) (Syahmin AK, 1992). Kedaulatan dalam bahasa Latin disebut dengan supremus sama dengan supreme ruler yang berarti mempunyai pengertian “yang teratas” (Suherman, 1984). Kata daulat dalam pemerintahan berasal dari kata Daulah (Arab) yang berarti rezim politik atau kekuasaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 232, "width": 509, "height": 129, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan atau souvereignity adalah ciri atau atribut hukum dari negara, dan sebagai atribut negara sudah lama ada, bahkan ada yang berpendapat, bahwa souvereignity itu mungkin lebih tua dari konsep negara itu sendiri. Kedaulatan merupakan suatu hak eksklusif untuk menguasai suatu wilayah pemerintahan dan masyarakat. Dalam hukum konstitusi dan internasional, konsep kedaulatan terkait dengan suatu pemerintahan yang memiliki kendali penuh urusan dalam negerinya sendiri dalam suatu wilayah atau batas teritorial atau geografisnya, dan dalam konteks tertentu terkait dengan berbagai organisasi atau lembaga yang memiliki yurisdiksi hukum sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 372, "width": 510, "height": 375, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Di dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 dan pasal-pasalnya menegaskan, bahwa Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia merupakan negara kesatuan territorial integrity, yang mengutamakan prinsip teritorialitas sebagai acuan utama (Atmasasmita, 2008). Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang menganut teori kedaulatan rakyat, hal itu terlihat dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 yang berbunyi : “... susunan negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat ....”. Selanjutnya dijelaskan pula dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 yang bunyinya : “Kedaulatan adalah di tangan rakyat dan dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat”, kemudian diuba h menjadi “Kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang -Undang Dasar”. Menurut Soewoto, “MPR yang pada awalnya dipahami sebagai pemegang mandat sepenuhnya dari rakyat, ” (Mulyosudarmo, 2004) telah bergeser ke arah pada pemahaman MPR tidak lagi sebagai pemegang mandat tertinggi, melainkan mandat tersebut dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar. Mandat rakyat yang dimaksud dapat dijalankan oleh cabang-cabang kekuasaan negara berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar. Perubahan rumusan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 tersebut membawa kosekuensi dan implikasi yang signifikan terhadap fungsi dan kewenangan dari lembaga negara, terutama pada lembaga MPR yang dulu sebagai pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat sepenuhnya. Dengan demikian, sekarang MPR tidak lagi sebagai satu- satunya lembaga yang melakukan kedaulatan rakyat. Pemilu tidak lepas dari kedaulatan rakyat dalam menjamin kebebasan warga negaranya dalam menentukan suatu pemerintahan rakyat harus terwakili di dalam pemerintahan agar valonte generale (kehendak umum) dapat terwujud. Berarti rakyatlah yang berdaulat mewakili kekuasaannya kepada suatu badan, yaitu pemerintah. Jika pemerintah tidak melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya yang dibebankan rakyak padanya, maka rakyat melalui Pemilu berhak untuk mengganti pemerintah yang dipilih (Soehino, 1996).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 758, "width": 509, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan rakyat menurut konstitusi dalam hal ini adalah UUD yang dapat dijadikan rujukan mengenai sistem politik yang dikehendaki oleh para founding fathers Indonesia (Riskiyono, 2019). Pertama, alenia keempat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 243, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "pembukaan UUD 1945 menyatakan : “Kemerdekaan Kebangsaan Indonesia …. yang terbentuk dalam suatu susunan Negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat….” . Kedua, Sila keempat Pancasila, yaitu “Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan Perwakilan”. Ketiga, Ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945, menyatakan : “Kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang- Undang Dasar”. Perubahan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 menunjukkan terjadinya pemikiran baru tentang kedaulatan rakyat dalam UUD 1945, yaitu pemikiran tentang siapa yang sebenarnya bertindak sebagai pelaksana kekuasaan tertinggi. Soewoto Mulyosudarmo menyatakan : “Perubahan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 merupakan perubahan menuju sebuah kondisi yang mencerminkan keadaan yang sebenarnya tentang pengaturan kekuasaan tertinggi, ” bahwa pemilik kekuasaan tertinggi dalam negara adalah rakyat (Mulyosudarmo, 2004). Pemikiran baru terhadap pelaksana kedaulatan dalam UUD 1945 juga sekaligus diikuti dengan perubahan cara rakyat memberikan mandat terhadap penyelenggara negara. Mandat yang diberikan rakyat kepada penyelenggara kekuasaan negara seperti DPR, DPD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden semuanya dipilih secara langsung melalui pemilihan umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 328, "width": 509, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Lahirnya Pemilu setelah runtuhnya rezim orde baru, tidak lepas dari hasil perubahan UUD khususnya ketentuan Pasal 22E UUD 1945 sebagai pijakan konstitusional lahirnya Undang-Undang Pemilu, yang menyatakan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 391, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“ (1) Pemilihan umum dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil setiap lima tahun sekali.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 429, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(2) Pemilihan umum diselenggarakan untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 467, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(3) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah adalah partai politik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 505, "width": 484, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(4) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah adalah Perseorangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 524, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(5) Pemilihan umum diselenggarakan oleh suatu komisi pemilihan umum yang bersifat nasional, tetap, dan mandiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 562, "width": 397, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(6) Ketentuan lebih lanjut tentang pemilihan umum diatur dengan undang-undang ”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 41, "top": 587, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilihan umum adalah mekanisme yang digunakan untuk memberikan mandat kepada penyelenggara negara sebagai pelaksana kekuasaan negara. Pemilihan umum yang digunakan untuk memberikan mandat kepada penyelenggara negara sebagai pelaksana kekuasaan negara tersebut tanpa melihat bagaimana sistem yang diterapkan dalam pemilihan umum. Adapun, untuk menilai apakah pemilihan umum itu benar-benar telah dijadikan sebagai media pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat dapat dilihat dari sistem yang diterapkan. Pemahaman tentang rakyat dalam kedaulatan rakyat berarti kekuasaan tertinggi ada pada rakyat, dan menempatkan kekuasaan tertinggi ada pada rakyat. Ajaran kedaulatan rakyat sebagai ajaran yang terakhir dipraktekkan pada negara-negara modern mendapatkan tempat yang baik, karena ajaran kedaulatan rakyat dapat dianggap sebagai ajaran yang terbaik selain ajaran kedaulatan yang lainnya. Oleh karena rakyat berdaulat atau berkuasa, maka segala aturan dan kekuasaan yang dijalankan oleh negara tidak boleh bertentangan dengan kehendak rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 334, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "2. Kedaulatan Rakyat Diterjemahkan Melalui Sistem Pemilihan Umum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 93, "width": 509, "height": 148, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan rakyat menggambarkan suatu sistem dalam sebuah negara yang menghendaki kekuasaan tertinggi dipegang oleh rakyat (Ridho, 2017). Kedaulatan rakyat juga menggambarkan pemenuhan kehendak umum yang tidak hanya berkaitan dengan hal-hal penyelenggaraan kekuasaan pemerintah dan peradilan, tetapi juga kekuasaan dalam pembentukan peraturan (Nugroho, 2013). Selanjutnya, konsep kedaulatan rakyat diterjemahkan melalui sistem Pemilihan Umum (Pemilu), di mana menghendaki suatu pejabat publik sebagai representatif atau perwakilan rakyat (Hadi, 2013). Pemilu menjadi sarana bagi rakyat dalam menegosiasikan dan mengagregasikan aspirasi dan kepentingannya (Eddyono, 2017), sehingga Pemilu bukan sekedar partisipasi tetapi implementasi prinsip kedaulatan rakyat (Nasution, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 252, "width": 509, "height": 71, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Di lain sisi, kedaulatan rakyat merupakan sumber utama dari kekuasaan yang dimiliki negara, maka regulasi tentang Pemilu hendaklah memiliki karakter hukum yang bermartabat dan demokratis (Sodikin, 2014). Berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum menjelaskan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 334, "width": 481, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“ Pemilihan Umum yang selanjutnya disebut Pemilu adalah sarana kedaulatan rakyat untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, dan untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, yang dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 ”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 435, "width": 509, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan ketentuan di atas, Pemilu dapat dimaknai sebagai salah satu sarana media agar mewujudkan relasi yang demokratis antara rakyat dengan negara (pemerintahan) (Puspitasari, 2004). Salah satu instrumen negara terkait perwakilan rakyat ialah lingkup kekuasaan legislatif, di mana bertugas untuk membentuk sebuah regulasi yang bermanfaat bagi hajat hidup seluruh rakyat Indonesia (Fahmi, 2010). Dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, kehendak yang pertama atau kedaulatan politik itu disalurkan melalui pemilihan umum yang dilaksanakan secara periodik setiap 5 (lima) tahun sekali. Hasil dari pemilihan umum itulah yang kemudian mengisi jabatan-jabatan kelembagaan negara yang menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat dalam bentuk kedaulatan hukum. Hanya saja dalam proses menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat itu, semua lembaga negara haruslah tunduk pada ketentuan-ketentuan Undang-Undang Dasar sebagai implikasi dari supremasi konstitusi sesuaidengan ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 631, "width": 509, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sekarang ini, negara yang berkedaulatan rakyat, sudah menjadi konsep yang diterima oleh kebanyakan negara. Negara dengan kekuasaan mutlak dianggap sebagai usaha yang tidak realistis karena negara tidak akan mendapat dukungan luas dari rakyat. Dewasa ini, hampir semua negara modern menganut prinsip kedaulatan rakyat yang dimodifikasi berdasarkan sistem perwakilan. Hal itu, diartikan suatu negara harus bertindak atas dasar keinginan dan kekuasaan rakyat, yang penyelenggaraannya diwakilkan kepada kelompok orang atau lembaga tertentu. Rakyat yang berdaulat mewakilkan kepada wakil-wakilnya untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan, dan wakil-wakil rakyat menjalankan kekuasaannya harus sesuai dengan kehendak rakyat, tetapi kehendak rakyat yang baik bukan kehendak yang tidak baik. Kedaulatan rakyat yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 91, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "berarti rakyat yang berkuasa, oleh karena rakyat suatu negara yakni kumpulan manusia yang mempunyai persamaan antara lain persamaan asal usul, persamaan kehormatan/perasaan, persamaan daerah tempat tinggal atau pencarian rezeki, persamaan kepentingan atau kebutuhan, persamaan pikiran atau maksud. Rakyat yang berkumpul dan hidup bersama merasa perlu memilih pemimpin atau wakilnya mereka secara bersama untuk menentukan kehidupan mereka bersama, sehingga dilaksanakanlah pemilihan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 176, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pelaksanaan kedaulatan yang dicetuskan oleh para pendiri bangsa tersebut tentu saja melalui pemilihan umum. Pemilihan umum yang dimaksud adalah pemilihan untuk memilih anggota DPR, sehingga tidak mengenal pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, apalagi pemilihan Kepala Daerah. Hal ini dimaksudkan melalui demokrasi perwakilan yang bercirikan pada budaya bangsa dan nilai-nilai luhur bangsa, maka wakil-wakil rakyat tersebut dapat memilih pemimpin di negeri ini. Meskipun demikian, tidak kemudian pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat tersebut tidak demokratis, karena melihat kenyataan bangsa Indonesia yang bernegara dengan memperhatikan kepentingan masyarakat dan bangsa agar kehendak rakyat dapat diwujudkan dengan memperhatikan nilai-nilai luhur dan kehidupan masyarakat yang berkumpul demi kepentingan bersama bangsa. Melihat pro dan kontra Undang-Undang tetang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah, yaitu pemilihan kepala daerah dipilih oleh DPRD sebenarnya sudah lebih demokrasi, karena demokrasi yang dipakai adalah demokrasi berlandaskan Pancasila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 391, "width": 509, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Demokrasi Pancasila dengan mengutamakan kepentingan bersama dengan asas perwakilan, musyawarah dan kekeluargaan yang harus diutamakan dalam membangun bangsa ini, sehingga nilai-nilai Pancasila masih tetap bertahan meskipun arus globalisasi dengan membawa liberalisasi yang begitu kuat masuk dan meresap dalam kehidupan berbangsa, bernegara dan bermasyarakat. Oleh karena itu, apabila ada anggapan bahwa pemilihan kepala daerah melalui DPRD tidak demokratis, tidaklah demikian karena makna demokrasi yang sekarang dijalankan banyak menyerap demokrasi Barat, sehingga seolah-olah mengurangi hak rakyat dalam hal penyampaian aspirasinya. Pemilihan Kepala Daerah menurut Pancasila dan UUD 1945 masih demokratis sebagaimana cita-cita luhur para pendiri bangsa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 549, "width": 510, "height": 224, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara demokrasi melalui Pemilu harus memperhatikan nilai-nilai demokrasi salah satu di antaranya, seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Hendry B. Mayo sebagaimana dikutip oleh Mariam Budiharjo, adalah “menyelenggarakan pergantian pimpinan secara teratur (orderly succession of rulers) ” (Budiharjo, 2009). Dalam memahami kepemiluan, terdapat dua pemahaman mendasar, yaitu electroral process dan electroral laws (Riskiyono, 2019). Pengertian electroral process adalah mekanisme yang dijalankan dalam Pemilu seperti pencalonan, kampanye, cara penghitungan, penentuan hasil, dan sebagainya yang sifatnya teknis penyelenggaraan Pemilu sebagai sebuah proses. Sebagaimana ditulis Indra Pahlevi, mengutip dari Douglas W. Rae menyatakan, bahwa electroral laws atau aturan-aturan tentang kepemiluan merupakan sebuah wadah bagi pengelolaan proses Pemilu yang diartikulasikan dalam bentuk suara yang kemudian diterjemahkan ke dalam distribusi kewenangan (secara khusus pembagian kursi parlemen) di antara Parpol yang ikut berkompetisi (Pahlevi, 2015). Terdapat beberapa aspek dalam electroral laws, yaitu : sistem pemilu, asas-asas pemilu, dan pengorganisasian (Riskiyono, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 224, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Hakikat dari pemilihan umum adalah penentuan legitimasi kekuasaan berdasarkan sistem demokrasi yakni, pemilihan umum merefleksikan persetujuan mayoritas rakyat terhadap siapa yanglayak menjadi anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD, pasangan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, pasangan Gubernur dan wakil Gubernur, pasangan Bupati dan wakil Bupati, serta pasangan Wali Kota dan wakil Wali Kota. Pemimpin tidak ditunjuk atau diwariskan menurut garis keturunan. Maka, tujuan pemilihan umum adalah pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat berdasarkan UUD Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 yakni, melaksanakan hak asasi politik rakyat dalam menentukan para wakilnya di DPR, DPD, dan DPRD serta pemimpin pemerintahan di tingkat nasional, provinsi, kabupaten, dan kota. Kita boleh berbangga karena pelaksanaan pemilu di era reformasi berjalan secara baik dan karena itu pasca pemilu presiden 2014 Indonesia dijuluki sebagai the raising democratic country dalam Abad 21 ini. Tidak hanya pemilu presiden dan wakil presiden 2014 tetapi juga pemilu legislatif dan pemilukada selama ini berjalan relatif baik (dan dilihat dari persiapan oleh Komisi pemilihan Umum (KPU), Badan Pengawas Pemilu (Bawaslu), dan Kepolisian Negara serta serta artisipasi masyarakat pada pemilukada serentak 2024.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 309, "width": 509, "height": 166, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Perwujudan kedaulatan rakyat dalam Pemilu dilaksanakan melalui pemilihan sebagai sarana bagi rakyat untuk memilih pemimpin melalui Pilkada dan Pemilu serentak dengan menggabungkan pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, karena rakyat sebagai penentu legalitas (keabsahan) berlangsungnya pengakhiran pemerintahan lama kepada pemerintahan baru terpilih dilakukan secara konstitusional (Prasetyo, 2017) dalam sejarah bangsa Indonesia penyelenggaraan Pemilu sudah dimulai dari tahun 1955 dilaksanakan pada masa pemerintahan kabinet Burhanuddin Abdullah, dari Pemilu yang direncanakan tahun 1948 di massa revolusi oleh kabinet pemerintahan sebelumnya tidak berhasil pada Pemilu 1955 dikenal sebagai Pemilu yang lancar, tertib, aman, dan tidak menimbulkan korban di tengah-tengah persaingan politik ketat di antara belasan partai politik peserta Pemilu (Feith, 1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 486, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilu selanjutnya diselenggarakan di masa rezim pemerintahan orde baru dari 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, dan 1997 orde baru mempertahankan mesin politik Golkar selalu mendominasi perolehan suara pada setiap Pemilu diselenggarakan. Setelah masuk reformasi Pemilu telah diadakan dari tahun 1999, 2004, 2009, dan 2014 setidaknya Indonesia telah berpengalaman 11 (sebelas) kali dalam menyelenggarakan Pemilu. Pemilu di antara tahun 2004, 2009, dan 2014 dibedakan dengan adanya Pemilu legislatif (Pileg) memilih anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota dan Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden secara langsung (Pilpres), namun di tahun 2019 antara Pileg dan Pilpres digabung menjadi satu yang populer dikenal publik Pemilu serentak yang akan dilaksanakan dalam Pemilu mendatang, Pemilu adalah sarana kedaulatan rakyat untuk memilih anggota DPR, anggota DPD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan untuk memilih anggota DPRD, yang dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil dalam negara kesatuan republik Indonesia berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 701, "width": 509, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pencalonan pasangan calon presiden dan wakil presiden bukan berarti dibuka sebebas-bebasnya secara konstitusi mengatur pancalonan presiden dan wakil presiden diusulkan oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik dengan persyaratan yang diatur dalam undang-undang (Pasal 6A ayat (2) UUD 1945.). Pengaturan mengenai persyaratan pencalonan presidan dan wakil presiden ini sepenuhnya menjadi kebijakan politik terbuka (open legal policy) yang dimiliki oleh DPR. DPR sebagai lembaga pemegang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "kewenangan legislasi bersama presiden mengatur dalam undang-undang ihwal syarat suara minimal bagi partai atau gabungan partai untuk mencalonkan presiden dan wakil presiden (presidential threshold) yang besarannya dapat dilihat pada matriks di bawah ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 131, "width": 36, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 151, "width": 489, "height": 309, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pengaturan Presidential Threshold Pemilu Undang-Undang Presidential Threshold 2004 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 15% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 20% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR 2009 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 20% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 25% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR 2014 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 20% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 25% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR 2019 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum 20% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 25% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR yang didapatkan pada pemilu sebelumnya yaitu Pemilu anggota DPR", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 321, "top": 465, "width": 55, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "tahun 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 491, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : (Rikardo, 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 516, "width": 509, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pada Pemilu Tahun 2009 diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, diatur parliamentary threshold merupakan mekanisme ambang batas bagi Partai Politik peserta Pemilu untuk diikutkan pada penghitungan perolehan suara sah guna memperebutkan kuota kursi di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat berdasarkan Pasal 202 ayat (1) berbunyi (Itasari, 2013):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 618, "width": 481, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“ Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara sekurang-kurangnya 2,5% (dua koma lima perseratus) dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi DPR” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 681, "width": 509, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Selanjutnya berdasarkan Pasal 203 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 mengatur, bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 725, "width": 480, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Suara untuk penghitungan per olehan kursi DPR di suatu daerah pemilihan ialah jumlah suara sah seluruh Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu dikurangi jumlah suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu yang tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara ... ” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 277, "top": 74, "width": 37, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 99, "width": 307, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Perolehan Suara Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu DPR RI Tahun 2009", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 120, "width": 443, "height": 424, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 1. Partai Demokrat 21.703.137 20,85% 150 26,79% 2. Partai Golongan Karya 15.037.757 14,45% 107 19,11% 3. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan 14.600.091 14,03% 95 16,96% 4. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera 8.206.955 7,88% 57 10,18% 5. Partai Amanat Nasional 6.254.580 6,01% 43 7,68% 6. Partai Persatuan Pembangunan 5.533.214 5,32% 37 6,61% 7. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa 5.146.122 4,94% 27 4,82% 8. Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya 4.646.406 4,46% 26 4,64% 9. Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat 3.922.870 3,77% 18 3,21% 10. Partai Bulan Bintang 1.864.752 1,79% 0 0,00% 11. Partai Damai Sejahtera 1.541.592 1,48% 0 0,00% 12. Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama 1.527.593 1,47% 0 0,00% 13. Partai Karya Peduli Bangsa 1.461.182 1,40% 0 0,00% 14. Partai Bintang Reformasi 1.264.333 1,21% 0 0,00% 15. Partai Peduli Rakyat Nasional 1.260.794 1,21% 0 0,00% 16. Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia 934.892 0,90% 0 0,00% 17. Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan 896.660 0,86% 0 0,00% 18. Partai Barisan Nasional 761.086 0,73% 0 0,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 75, "width": 443, "height": 520, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 19. Partai Pengusaha dan Pekerja Indonesia 745.625 0,72% 0 0,00% 20. Partai Demokrasi Kebangsaan 671.244 0,64% 0 0,00% 21. Partai Republika Nusantara 630.780 0,61% 0 0,00% 22. Partai Persatuan Daerah 550.581 0,53% 0 0,00% 23. Partai Patriot 547.351 0,53% 0 0,00% 24. Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan Indonesia 468.696 0,45% 0 0,00% 25. Partai Kedaulatan 437.121 0,42% 0 0,00% 26. Partai Matahari Bangsa 414.750 0,40% 0 0,00% 27. Partai Pemuda Indonesia 414.043 0,40% 0 0,00% 28. Partai Karya Perjuangan 351.440 0,34% 0 0,00% 29. Partai Pelopor 342.914 0,33% 0 0,00% 30. Partai Kasih Demokrasi Indonesia 324.553 0,31% 0 0,00% 31. Partai Indonesia Sejahtera 320.665 0,31% 0 0,00% 32. Partai Nasional Indonesia Marhaenisme 316.752 0,30% 0 0,00% 33. Partai Buruh 265.203 0,25% 0 0,00% 34. Partai Perjuangan Indonesia Baru 197.371 0,19% 0 0,00% 35. Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia 146.779 0,14% 0 0,00% 36. Partai Sarikat Indonesia 140.551 0,14% 0 0,00% 37. Partai Penegak Demokrasi Indonesia 137.727 0,13% 0 0,00% 38. Partai Merdeka 111.623 0,11% 0 0,00% Jumlah 104.099.785 100,00% 560 100,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 41, "top": 605, "width": 412, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : Komisi Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2009, setelah diolah pada 11 November 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 630, "width": 509, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 1, perolehan suara sebagaimana yang dipersyaratkan Pasal 203 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 203 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008, hanya 9 (sembilan) Partai Politik yang mencapai ambang batas. Adapun 19.048.653 suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu kemudian dibuang, karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 711, "width": 509, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kemudian pada Pemilu Tahun 2014, parliamentary threshold diatur dalam Pasal 208 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, mengatur sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 69, "top": 74, "width": 481, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara sekurang -kurangnya 3,5% (tiga koma lima persen) dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi anggota DPR, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 137, "width": 479, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Selanjutnya berdasarkan Pasal 209 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012, mengatur bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 163, "width": 480, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Suara untuk penghitungan perolehan kursi DPR, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota di suatu daerah pemilihan ialah jumlah suara sah seluruh Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu dikurangi jumlah suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu yang tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara ...” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 226, "width": 438, "height": 366, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 3 Perolehan Suara Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu DPR RI Tahun 2014 No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 1. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan 23.681.471 18,95% 109 19,46% 2. Partai Golongan Karya 18.432.312 14,75% 91 16,25% 3. Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya 14.760.371 11,81% 73 13,04% 4. Partai Demokrat 12.728.913 10,19% 61 10,89% 5. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa 11.298.957 9,04% 47 8,39% 6. Partai Amanat Nasional 9.481.621 7,59% 49 8,75% 7. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera 8.480.204 6,79% 40 7,14% 8. Partai NasDem 8.402.812 6,72% 35 6,25% 9. Partai Persatuan Pembangunan 8.157.488 6,53% 39 6,96% 10. Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat 6.579.498 5,26% 16 2,86% 11. Partai Bulan Bintang 1.825.750 1,46% 0 0,00% 12. Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia 1.143.094 0,91% 0 0,00% Jumlah 124.972.491 100,00% 560 100,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 41, "top": 602, "width": 412, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : Komisi Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2009, setelah diolah pada 11 November 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 627, "width": 509, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 2, perolehan suara sebagaimana yang dipersyaratkan Pasal 203 jo. Pasal 209 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012, terdapat 10 Partai Politik yang mencapai ambang batas. Adapun 2.968.844 suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu kemudian dibuang, karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 708, "width": 509, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pada Pemilu Tahun 2019, parliamentary threshold diatur dalam Pasal 414 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum mengatur, bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 69, "top": 74, "width": 480, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara paling sedikit 4% (empat persen) dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi anggota DPR” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 137, "width": 479, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Selanjutnya berdasarkan Pasal 415 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017, mengatur bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 163, "width": 481, "height": 33, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu yang tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara ... tidak disertakan pada penghitungan perolehan kursi DPR di setiap daerah pemilihan” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 207, "width": 38, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 143, "top": 226, "width": 306, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Perolehan Suara Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu DPR RI Tahun 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 246, "width": 438, "height": 405, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 1. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan 27.503.961 19,47% 128 22,26% 2. Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya 17.596.839 12,45% 78 13,57% 3. Partai Golongan Karya 17.229.789 12,19% 85 14,79% 4. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa 13.570.970 9,61% 58 10,09% 5. Partai Nasional Demokrat 12.661.792 8,96% 59 10,26% 6. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera 11.493.663 8,13% 50 8,70% 7. Partai Demokrat 10.876.057 7,70% 54 9,39% 8. Partai Amanat Nasional 9.572.623 6,78% 44 7,69% 9. Partai Persatuan Pembangunan 6.323.147 4,48% 19 3,30% 10. Partai Persatuan Indonesia 3.738.320 2,65% 0 0,00% 11. Partai Berkarya 2.902.495 2,05% 0 0,00% 12 Partai Solidaritas Indonesia 2.650.361 1,87% 0 0,00% 13. Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat 2.161.507 1,53% 0 0,00% 14. Partai Bulan Bintang 1.990.848 1,41% 0 0,00% 15. Partai Gerakan Perubahan Indonesia 702.536 0,50% 0 0,00% 16. Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia 312.775 0,22% 0 0,00% Jumlah 141.287.683 100,00% 575 100,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 41, "top": 661, "width": 412, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : Komisi Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2009, setelah diolah pada 11 November 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 678, "width": 509, "height": 65, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan perolehan suara sebagaimana pada tabel 3 di atas dan berdasarkan Pasal 414 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 415 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017, hanya 9 (sembilan) Partai Politik yang mencapai ambang batas. Adapun 14.458.842 suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu kemudian dibuang, karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 273, "top": 85, "width": 60, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 61, "top": 102, "width": 477, "height": 255, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilu merupakan sarana untuk menyalurkan kedaulatan rakyat yang dijamin konstitusi. Pemilu menjunjung tinggi semangat langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil untuk memilih Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota, sehingga rakyat sebagai pemiliki kedaulatan tertinggi memiliki andil untuk membentuk suatu pemerintahan. Rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi harus aktif dalam mensukseskan perhelatan pemilu pada setiap pemilu yang dilaksanakan. Memberikan suara pada setiap pemilu merupakan langkah rakyat untuk turut serta di dalam menciptakan pemerintahan yang sesuai dengan keinginan rakyat. Hal ini seiring dengan perubahan UUD 1945 terdapat pergeseran makna kedaulatan rakyat yang semula kedaultan tertinggi di tangan rakyat dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh MPR, namun setelah perubahan kedaulatan dilaksanakan menurut undang-undang dasar. Pergeseran ini juga terjadi pada fungsi dan kewenangan MPR yang tidak lagi menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara dan tidak lagi berwenang untuk memilih presiden dan wakil presiden. Perubahan sistem pemilihan ini sebagai tanda UUD 1945 menganut prinsip presidensial..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 254, "top": 382, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 414, "width": 473, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Asshiddiqie, J., 1999. Gagasan Kedaulatan Rakyat dalam Konstitusi dan Pelaksanaannya di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 434, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 452, "width": 430, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Asshiddique, J., 2005. Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Jakarta: Konstitusi Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 471, "width": 479, "height": 53, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Atmasasmita, R., 2008. Pengaruh Hukum Internasional Terhadap Proses Legislasi. Jakarta, Baleg DPRI. Bachmid, F., 2021. Eksistensi Kedaulatan Rakyat dan Implementasi Parliamentary Threshold dalam Sistem Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia. Sign Jurnal Hukum, 2(2), p. 94.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 528, "width": 377, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Budiharjo, M., 2009. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 547, "width": 412, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Busro, A. D. & Busro, A., 1991. Asas-asas Hukum Tata Negara. 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48dfbe9f-5240-16ce-52e3-acada87c18ff	https://sosains.greenvest.co.id/index.php/sosains/article/download/950/1358	[ { "left": 114, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "686", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 60, "width": 48, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JURNAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 83, "width": 222, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JURNAL SOSIAL DAN SAINS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 105, "width": 132, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "VOLUME 3 NOMOR 7 2023 P-ISSN 2774-7018, E-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 125, "width": 377, "height": 62, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM TERHADAP FRAUD PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 220, "top": 250, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 156, "top": 264, "width": 276, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Studi Akuntansi, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 312, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 324, "width": 55, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fraud; Good Corporate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 70, "top": 347, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Governance;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 358, "width": 65, "height": 283, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System Keywords: Fraud; Good Corporate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 70, "top": 644, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Governance;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 655, "width": 65, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 141, "top": 292, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 141, "top": 304, "width": 371, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Latar Belakang: fraud menjadi masalah yang terus terjadi di berbagai perusahaan, tindakan kecurangan tersebut merugikan perusahaan itu sendiri dan para pemangku kepentingan. Kerugian bagi perusahaan bukan hanya dari segi keuangan, namun juga dari segi value perusahaan yang didapat dari rasa percaya para pemangku kepentingan kepada perusahaan untuk dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 377, "width": 371, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan : untuk menguji pengaruh good corporate governance dan whistleblowing system terhadap fraud .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 413, "width": 372, "height": 69, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode : penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2016-2021. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 21 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan perangkat lunak SPSS 25.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 498, "width": 372, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil : hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (2) Whistleblowing System berpengaruh terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 556, "width": 371, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan : Tidak semua hasil self assessment perusahaan perbankan dapat menggambarkan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance yang sebenarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 598, "width": 56, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 141, "top": 610, "width": 372, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Background: fraud is a problem that continues to occur in various companies, the act of fraud harms the company itself and stakeholders. The loss for the company is not only in terms of finance, but also in terms of company value obtained from the trust of stakeholders in the company to be able to run sustainably.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 671, "width": 372, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purpose: to examine the effect of good corporate governance and whistleblowing system on fraud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 707, "width": 372, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Methods: this research used quantitative method. The object of this research is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2016-2021. The number of samples in this research were 21 companies. The sampling technique used purposive", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "687", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 265, "top": 222, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 249, "width": 399, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada masa sekarang ini fraud tetap menjadi masalah yang terus terjadi di berbagai perusahaan, tindakan kecurangan tersebut merugikan perusahaan itu sendiri dan para pemangku kepentingan. Kerugian bagi perusahaan bukan hanya dari segi keuangan, namun juga dari segi value perusahaan yang didapat dari rasa percaya para pemangku kepentingan kepada perusahaan untuk dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan. Pada Penelitian yang dilaksanakan oleh Association of Certified Fraud Examiner (ACFE) tahun 2016, ditemukan bahwa sektor industri perbankan dan jasa keuangan merupakan sektor dengan tingkat kasus kecurangan kedua tertinggi setelah sektor pemerintahan dengan persentase sebesar 15,9%. Kemudian berdasarkan data dari hasil survei ACFE pada tahun 2019 terlihat bahwa industri keuangan dan perbankan menjadi sektor industri yang paling dirugikan nomor satu yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya fraud dengan persentase sebesar 41,4%. Disini kita dapat melihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan persentase kecurangan yang terjadi di industri keuangan dan perbankan (ACFE, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 413, "width": 399, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena hingga kini telah terjadi peningkatan fraud pada perbankan walaupun telah diterapkannya Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System pada perusahaan perbankan. Saat ini perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia telah diwajibkan untuk mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip dari Good Corporate Governance (GCG) karena perusahaan yang menjadi tempat mengelola uang ini memiliki risiko yang tinggi untuk terjadinya kecurangan sehingga memerlukan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik untuk menunjang rasa percaya dari para pemangku kepentingan agar perusahaan ini dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 515, "width": 402, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip GCG, perusahaan perbankan juga menggunakan whistleblowing system untuk meningkatkan performa tata kelola perusahaan. Whistleblowing system adalah suatu fasilitas yang dapat digunakan pihak internal perusahaan untuk melakukan pengaduan atas tindakan atau perilaku terkait fraud , kode etik, pelanggaran hukum dan peraturan perusahaan yang dilakukan oleh oknum dari internal perusahaan, yang mana kegiatan whistleblowing ini perlu dilakukan secara objektif dan tidak untuk konflik kepentingan semata. Menurut hasil survei dari ACFE juga menyatakan bahwa sebagian besar pelaku dari fraud tidak pernah dihukum. Berdasarkan hal ini, whistleblowing system merupakan suatu sarana yang sangat membantu dalam mengungkap tindakan pelaku fraud. Whistleblowing system ini bertujuan agar para whistleblower dapat melaporkan kecurangan tanpa harus takut karena kerahasiaannya akan tetap terjaga dan juga supaya tindak kecurangan bisa segera ditemukan dan dicegah secepat mungkin (Yunawati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 679, "width": 399, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing system cukup efektif untuk menekan terjadinya fraud dengan persentase sebesar 22,6% diikuti dengan konsistensi penerapan kebijakan anti-fraud pada organisasi sebesar 13,8%. Whistleblowing system dan penerapan kebijakan anti-fraud pada organisasi harus dilakukan secara bersamaan untuk menumbuhkan rasa percaya bagi pelapor tindak kecurangan (ACFE, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 65, "width": 372, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sampling method. The data that used in this research is secondary data. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis with SPSS 25 software.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 101, "width": 372, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Results: The results of this research show that (1) Good Corporate Governance has no effect on fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2) Whistleblowing System has an effect on fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 159, "width": 371, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conclusion: Not all self-assessment results of banking companies can describe the actual implementation of Good Corporate Governance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "688", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 399, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementasi dari prinsip-prinsip Good Corporate Governance (GCG) dan adanya whistleblowing system diharapkan munculnya kesadaran dari karyawan yang bekerja dan para petinggi perusahaan perbankan untuk membantu melaporkan terjadinya tindak kecurangan yang terjadi serta pelanggaran-pelanggaran hukum yang dapat merugikan perusahaan dan juga para pemangku kepentingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 169, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian mengenai Good Corporate Governance dan whistleblowing system sebelumnya telah dilakukan oleh Ramadhany (2017), Wulandari (2017), Yunawati (2019), Mufariza (Mufariza, 2018), Utami (2018), Ashari (2019), Kurniawan (2019), Faiqoh (2019), Wati (2019), Wijaya (2020), Novitasari (2021). Penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya karena penelitian ini menggunakan objek dan periode berbeda. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI dalam periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 257, "width": 399, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fraud dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti Internal Control System yang kurang memadai, penerapan Whistleblowing system atau sistem pelaporan kecurangan yang masih kurang baik, perusahaan kurang memperhatikan whistleblower protection yang membuat karyawan yang melaporkan kecurangan tidak mendapatkan perlindungan dari perusahaan, masih banyak perusahaan yang belum mengetahui arti penting dari good corporate governace , penerapan good corporate governance yang kurang baik dapat menyebabkan timbulnya pengungkapan informasi yang kurang akurat dan tidak transparan. Penelitian ini dibatasi oleh Variabel Good Corporate Governance sebagai suatu pedoman yang dipegang oleh perusahaan sebagai dasar dalam mengelola perusahaan itu sendiri sebagai salah satu faktor dalam mencegah terjadinya fraud dan Variabel Whistleblowing System dalam penelitian ini sebagai usaha dari perusahaan untuk mencegah fraud dengan menyediakan sarana pengaduan bagi internal perusahaan serta memberikan jaminan keamanan bagi whistleblower sehingga menimbulkan rasa percaya diri bagi pelapor untuk melaporkan terjadinya fraud .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 434, "width": 400, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari uraian di atas, penulis tertarik untuk meneliti mengenai “Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System terhadap Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia”. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; (1) menguji pengaruh Good Corporate Governance terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dan (2) menguji pengaruh whistleblowing system terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 536, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 549, "width": 399, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penerapan GCG adalah upaya yang penting untuk mencegah munculnya fraud , karena sebenarnya GCG adalah suatu sistem check and balances untuk pihak internal dan juga eksternal perusahaan dalam rangka menjamin akuntabilitas pada perusahaan untuk kepentingan seluruh pemangku kepentingan dan mengusahakan supaya bisnis dapat berjalan dengan baik, berjalan dengan penuh tanggung jawab, untuk mengusahakan supaya seluruh kontrak perusahaan bisa berjalan baik, serta tercapainya keseimbangan antara kepentingan seluruh pemangku kepentingan dengan tidak saling merugikan, maka perlu diterapkan prinsip-prinsip dari GCG yang nyata (Sudarmanto et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 650, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep Good Corporate Governance menyatakan bahwa hak pemegang saham untuk memperoleh informasi dengan tepat waktu dan juga akurat adalah hal yang sangat penting. Kemudian konsep GCG juga menekankan kewajiban perusahaan untuk melakukan pengungkapan terhadap seluruh informasi tentang kinerja dari perusahaan, kepemilikan, dan pemangku kepentingan dari perusahaan secara tepat waktu, akurat, dan juga transparan. Pelaksanaan GCG yang baik dapat menjadi alat kontrol bagi pemangku kepentingan untuk dapat melihat dan melakukan pengendalian kinerja dari perusahaan perbankan supaya dapat berjalan lancar dan tidak merugikan pemangku kepentingan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "689", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 65, "width": 400, "height": 200, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Maisaroh & Nurhidayati, 2021). Sehingga dengan menggunakan GCG sebagai alat kontrol dapat melakukan pencegahan dan juga mengurangi adanya kasus terjadinya fraud dimana pihak manajemen terlibat di dalamnya. Menurut Faiqoh (2019) Good Corporate Governance menekankan tentang bagaimana aktivitas perusahaan dijalankan dan juga tentang batasan-batasan dalam perusahaan sehingga ada kejelasan mengenai hak dan kewajiban yang akan menekan perilaku sewenang-wenang dalam perusahaan. Dengan tidak adanya tata kelola yang baik akan mendorong suatu pihak untuk berbuat seenaknya. Menurut Nadia (2019) GCG dapat peluang adanya fraud menjadi lebih kecil karena bisa dideteksi dengan lebih cepat sehingga perusahaan juga dapat melakukan antisipasi dengan lebih cepat. Menurut penelitian Mufariza (2018) OJK perlu mengawasi perusahaan perbankan agar paham betul mengenai prinsip-prinsip Good Corporate Governance karena hal tersebut efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya kecurangan. Sehingga dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan semakin baiknya penggunaan Good Corporate Governance maka semakin berkurangnya tindak kecurangan. H1: Good Corporate Governance memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 280, "width": 399, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keuntungan dari adanya whistleblowing system yang baik adalah perusahaan dapat memicu rasa tidak ingin dari karyawan untuk melakukan kecurangan karena yakin dengan sistem pelaporan yang baik (KNKG, 2008). Whistleblowing tidak hanya tentang sistem pelaporan, namun juga tentang keamanan bagi whistleblower baik secara fisik maupun non fisik. Sehingga whistleblowing system dapat membuat karyawan jadi percaya diri untuk melaporkan adanya kecurangan. Di sisi lain, hal ini membuat setiap karyawan jadi saling mengawasi dan merasa takut dilaporkan oleh sesama karyawan akibat tindakan kecurangan (Semendawai et al., 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 381, "width": 399, "height": 175, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian Utami (2018) menyatakan struktur tata kelola yang menggunakan audit internal ditambah whistleblowing system akan mendeteksi peluang terjadinya kecurangan di dalam perusahaan. Dimana whistleblowing system merupakan alat untuk mendeteksi fraud lebih dini sehingga perusahaan dapat menangani kasus lebih cepat agar tidak meluas. Menurut penelitian Ramadhany (2017) Whistleblowing system adalah suatu wadah bagi karyawan untuk melaporkan kecurangan dan juga sebagai suatu bentuk pengawasan, untuk itu penerapan whistleblowing system yang baik akan mencegah fraud yang semakin tinggi. Dalam penelitian Wulandari (2017) Whistleblowing System akan membuat karyawan takut melakukan kecurangan karena seluruh karyawan akan saling mengawasi dan membuat karyawan enggan melakukan kecurangan. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, apabila whistleblowing system semakin baik maka akan mengurangi terjadinya fraud . H2: Whistleblowing System memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 573, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 586, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rancangan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 599, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Rancangan penelitian merupakan suatu perencanaan untuk kita dapat mengumpulkan, mengukur, dan menganalisis data yang tujuannya adalah agar dapat menjawab pertanyaan dalam penelitian (Sekaran & Bougie, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 649, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan strategi deskriptif dalam penelitian ini untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Dalam penelitian ini tidak terdapat intervensi yang mempengaruhi pengumpulan data karena peneliti mengumpulkan data dari laporan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance dan juga annual report perusahaan perbankan . Sehingga peneliti menggunakan minimal interference. Peneliti menggunakan noncontrived setting pada penelitian ini atau dapat dikatakan penelitian ini berdasarkan keadaan yang terjadi secara alami dan tidak terdapat kemungkinan untuk melakukan manipulasi. Unit analisis yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan di bidang perbankan. Peneliti menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "690", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pooled data sebagai time horizon dalam penelitian ini karena objek penelitian terdiri dari beberapa perusahaan perbankan dalam periode 2016-2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 145, "width": 395, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Pengukuran Variabel Variabel Skala Pengukuran Pengukuran Operasional Fraud (Y) Rasio Jumlah internal fraud dalam masa observasi Good Corporate Governance (X1) Rasio Dengan pemberian angka berdasarkan hasil dari self assessment perusahaan perbankan pada tata kelola perusahaan yang baik di kisaran 1-5.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 240, "width": 396, "height": 254, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 : sangat bagus 4 : bagus 3 : cukup bagus 2 : kurang bagus 1 : sangat tidak bagus Whistleblowing System (X2) Nominal a. X2=0, apabila perusahaan perbankan melaksanakan whistleblowing system tetapi mekanisme dari penyampaian pelaporan terhadap pelanggaran tidak lengkap. b. X2=1, apabila perusahaan perbankan melaksanakan whistleblowing system dan mekanisme dari penyampaian pelanggaran sudah memenuhi kelengkapan. Leverage Rasio DAR = 𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑼𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑮 𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑨𝑺𝑬𝑻 X 100% Kinerja Keuangan Rasio CAR = 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒌𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒃𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒕 𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒌𝒐 Rasio KAP = 𝑨𝒌𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒌𝒕𝒊𝒇 𝒀𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒊𝒌𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒏 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓 Rasio NIM = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓 Rasio BOPO = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑩𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒏 𝑶𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑶𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 Rasio LDR = 𝐾𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡 𝐷𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑃𝑖ℎ𝑎𝑘 𝐾𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑎", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 511, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Pengambilan Sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 523, "width": 399, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini berupa perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021. Teknik untuk pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling yang akan membatasi informasi yang diterima berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti. Berikut merupakan kriteria yang dipakai pada saat pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 587, "width": 381, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 599, "width": 382, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang melaksanakan self assessment.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 625, "width": 132, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 637, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti memilih data sekuder sebagai data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data tersebut diperoleh melalui sumber yang sudah ada, sehingga bisa dijamin bahwa tidak terdapat manipulasi dari data yang bisa berpengaruh pada hasil dari penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 675, "width": 399, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan metode dokumentasi sebagai metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini. Metode pengumpulan data ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data laporan tahunan dan laporan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance pada perusahaan perbankan. Data diperoleh melalui https://www.idx.co.id/ dan website resmi perusahaan perbankan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "691", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 78, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 90, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengolahan data kuantitatif dan memilih analisis regresi berganda sebagai alat analisis data. Pelaksanaan uji statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan software SPSS 25.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 141, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 155, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Statistik Deskriptif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 184, "width": 381, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Statistik Deskriptif Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Fraud 0 121 8,20 16,238 Good Corporate Governance 3 5 4,0571 0,435 Whistleblowing System 0 1 0,90 0,295", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 175, "top": 292, "width": 314, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Frekuensi Whistleblowing System Perusahaan Perbankan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 305, "width": 355, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Frekuensi % X2=0, apabila perusahaan perbankan melaksanakan whistleblowing system tetapi mekanisme dari 1 penyampaian 1 pelaporan terhadap pelanggaran tidak lengkap. 10 9,5%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 352, "width": 358, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X2=1, apabila perusahaan perbankan sudah menyediakan whistleblowing system dan sudah memenuhi 1 kelengkapan mekanisme 1 penyampaian pelanggaran. 95 90,5% Total 105 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 413, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Statistik Desktiptif Fraud (Y)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 425, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif pada variabel Fraud memperlihatkan nilai minimum sebesar 0, nilai maksimum sebesar 121, mean sebesar 8,20, dan standar deviasi sebesar 16,238.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 463, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai minimum sebesar 0 dapat diartikan bahwa jumlah fraud terendah dari sampel perusahaan perbankan adalah 0 kasus atau tidak terjadi fraud dalam 1 tahun. Nilai maksimum sebesar 121 dapat diartikan bahwa jumlah fraud tertinggi dari sampel perusahaan perbankan adalah 121 kasus yang terjadi dalam 1 tahun. Nilai mean sebesar 8,2 dapat diartikan bahwa rata-rata dalam 1 tahun terjadi 8 kasus Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan. Standar deviasi dengan nilai 16,238 lebih besar dari nilai mean memperlihatkan bahwa data tersebut bersifat heterogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 552, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Good Corporate Governance (X1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 564, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif pada variabel Good Corporate Governance memperlihatkan nilai minimum sebesar 3, nilai maksimum sebesar 5, mean sebesar 4,057, dan standar deviasi sebesar 0,435.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 602, "width": 402, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai maksimum sebesar 5 menunjukan bahwa manajemen perusahaan perbankan sudah menerapkan Good Corporate Governance yang secara umum sangat bagus. Nilai minimum sebesar 3 menunjukan bahwa manajemen perusahaan perbankan sudah menerapkan Good Corporate Governance yang secara umum cukup bagus. Nilai mean sebesar 4,057 menunjukan bahwa rata-rata perusahaan berada pada tingkat kesehatan ke-4 yang dapat diartikan bahwa manajemen perusahaan perbankan sudah menerapkan Good Corporate Governance yang secara umum bagus. Standar deviasi dengan nilai 0,435 lebih kecil dari nilai mean memperlihatkan data Good Corporate Governance bersifat homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 729, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System (X2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "692", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif pada variabel Whistleblowing System memperlihatkan nilai minimum sebesar 0, nilai maksimum sebesar 1, mean sebesar 0,9, dan standar deviasi sebesar 0,295.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 143, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai minimum sebesar 0 dengan frekuensi sebanyak 10 dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat 10 perusahaan perbankan yang sudah menyediakan Whistleblowing System namun belum memenuhi kelengkapan mekanisme penyampaian pelaporan. Nilai maksimum 1 dengan frekuensi sebanyak 95 dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat 95 perusahaan perbankan yang sudah menyediakan Whistleblowing System dan sudah memenuhi kelengkapan mekanisme penyampaian pelaporan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 232, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Asumsi Klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 245, "width": 400, "height": 212, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji asumsi klasik pada penelitian ini terdiri uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, dan uji autokorelasi. Uji normalitas pada penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan didapatkan nilai Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,200 yang lebih besar daripada 0,05 sehingga hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Uji multikolinearitas digunakan untuk menguji apakah dalam model regresi ditemukan adanya korelasi yang tinggi atau sempurna antar variabel independen. Uji multikolinearitas menggunakan nilai VIF yang jika tidak terdapat nilai diatas 10 maka model regresi tidak terjadi multikolinearitas. Nilai VIF pada hasil uji multikolinearitas tidak terdapat nilai yang lebih dari 10 sehingga hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa tidak terjadi multikolinearitas. Uji heteroskedastisitas pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode grafik Scatterplot . Hasil pengujian heteroskedastisitas menunjukan bahwa tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas karena grafik Scatterplot antara SRESID dan ZPRED menunjukkan pola penyebaran, di mana titik-titik menyebar secara acak serta tersebar baik diatas maupun dibawah angka 0 pada sumbu Y. Uji autokorelasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji Durbin-Watson (dU<dw<4-dU). Hasil uji autokorelasi memperlihatkan nilai dw sebesar 1,7240 lebih besar dari dU sebesar 1,7209. Nilai dw juga lebih kecil dari 4-dU sebesar 2,279 sehingga hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa tidak terjadi autokorelasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 484, "width": 455, "height": 247, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Hipotesis Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Hipotesis Arah Koefisien B t Sig. 1 tailed Kesimpulan (Constants) 48,517 1,429 0,078 Good Corporate Governance H1 Negatif -0,096 0,022 0,496 Tidak didukung Whistleblowing System H2 Negatif -17,958 -2,986 0,002 Didukung Leverage Negatif -1,796 -0,061 0,476 Tidak didukung Capital Adequacy Ratio Negatif -5,598 -0,243 0,404 Tidak didukung Kualitas Aktiva Produktif Positif 383,931 2,592 0,006 Didukung Net Interest Margin Positif 36,949 0,392 0,348 Tidak didukung Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional Negatif -30,189 -2,491 0,007 Didukung Loan to Deposit Ratio Negatif -6,449 -0,662 0,255 Tidak didukung Adjusted R-Square 0,135", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "693", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 65, "width": 378, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F test Sig 3,022 0,005 Uji Koefisien Determinasi ( 𝑹 𝟐 )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 121, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji koefisien determinasi di atas memperlihatkan Adjusted R Square dari model regresi bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemampuan variabel independen dalam menerangkan variabel dependen. Diketahui nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar 0,135, hal ini berarti 13,5% yang menunjukan bahwa Fraud dipengaruhi oleh variabel Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System . Sehingga sisanya sebesar 86,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang belum diteliti dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 197, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji F", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 210, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa dalam pengujian regresi berganda menunjukkan hasil F hitung sebesar 3,022 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,005 yang lebih kecil dari 0,05, berarti Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing Systems secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap Pendeteksian Fraud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 261, "width": 24, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji t", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 273, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji t digunakan untuk menguji apakah masing-masing variabel independen memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil uji tabel 4.7 di atas memperlihatkan apakah variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan pada perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 324, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel Good Corporate Governance adalah sebesar 0,983 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05 yang berarti hasil penelitian ini tidak mendukung hipotesis pertama (H1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 374, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel Whistleblowing System adalah sebesar 0,004 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel Whistleblowng System berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih kecil dari 0,05 yang berarti hasil penelitian ini mendukung hipotesis kedua (H2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 425, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Leverage adalah sebesar 0,951 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05. Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Capital Adequacy Ratio adalah sebesar 0,808 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 514, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Kualitas Aktiva Produktif adalah sebesar 0,011 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih kecil dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 564, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Net Interest Margin adalah sebesar 0,696>0,05 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 615, "width": 400, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional menunjukan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,014<0,05 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 678, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Loan to Deposit Ratio menunjukan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,510 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "694", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 118, "width": 399, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji t memperlihatkan Good Corporate Governance , Leverage, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Net Interest Margin, dan Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan tehadap Fraud . Hanya variabel Whistleblowing System, Kualitas Aktiva Produktif, dan Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud . Berikut penjelasan masing-masing variabel. Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance terhadap Fraud Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen Fraud . Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa tinggi atau rendahnya tingkat kesehatan bank tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 245, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa rata-rata perusahaan perbankan mendapatkan nilai hasil self assessment pada tingkat 4 yang artinya perusahaan perbankan telah melaksanakan Good Corporate Governance secara umum baik. Hal tersebut bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan bahwa masih banyak didapati perusahaan perbankan dengan tindakan kecurangan atau fraud yang tinggi, sehingga hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa hasil self assessment belum menggambarkan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance yang sebenarnya terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 333, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan teori keagenan karena good corporate governance bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan pihak prinsipal yang dirugikan karena tindakan menyimpang dari agen. Good corporate governance akan memonitor kontrak yang telah ada antara prinsipal dan agen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 384, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Faiqoh (2019) dimana Good Corporate Governance sudah berjalan dengan baik namun belum menjadi faktor yang bisa memengaruhi fraud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 422, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Maisaroh (2021) yang menjelaskan bahwa Good Corporate Governance memiliki pengaruh terhadap fraud dimana Good Corporate Governance yang semakin baik akan menurunkan peluang terjadinya fraud pada perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 472, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Whistleblowing System terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 485, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Whistleblowing System secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud . Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa kelengkapan mekanisme dari Whistleblowing System seperti infrastruktur dan mekanisme penyampaian laproan, menjamin kerahasiaan dan perlindungan Whistleblower, adanya kekebalan atas sanksi administratif, dan komunikasi dengan Whistleblower dapat meningkatkan keberanian karyawan untuk melaporkan terjadinya tindak kecurangan dan dapat menurunkan jumlah terjadinya Fraud di perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 574, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan teori keagenan yang menjelaskan tentang prinsipal yang dapat memberikan batasan pada kegiatan yang mengarah pada tindakan penyimpangan dari pihak agen dengan mengeluarkan biaya pemantauan. Mekanisme pemantauan atau monitoring dapat dilakukan dengan adanya whistleblowing system atau sistem pelaporan pelanggaran yang dapat membantu untuk mendeteksi dan mencegah tindakan kecurangan pada perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 649, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian Wijaya (2020) Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Whistleblowing System berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021. Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan Langoday (2021) yang menyatakan bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 700, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System tidak berpengaruh pada fraud karena tidak adanya penyataan komitmen dari beberapa karyawan akan kesediaannya melaksanakan sistem pelaporan pelanggaran dan ikut serta dalam melaporkan temuan kecurangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 738, "width": 170, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Leverage terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "695", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 65, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Leverage tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen fraud. Hasil ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Isabella (2018) dimana Leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap Fraud karena perusahaan mampu untuk mengembalikan utang sehingga tidak ada tekanan bagi manajemen untuk melakukan manipulasi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Leverage tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 154, "width": 236, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio terhadap Fraud", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 166, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t menunjukan Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa penyediaan modal minimum pada perusahaan perbankan tidak memengaruhi jumlah terjadinya kecurangan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016- 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 242, "width": 251, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Kualitas Aktiva Produktif terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 255, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t menunjukan Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa semakin tinggi total aktiva produktif menunjukan semakin tinggi terjadinya kredit bermasalah yang disebabkan oleh kecurangan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 331, "width": 219, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Net Interest Margin terhadap Fraud", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 343, "width": 399, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan perbankan dalam menghasilkan pendapatan bunga tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah terjadinya tindak kecurangan pada perusahaan perbankan . Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 419, "width": 377, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Operasional terhadap PendapatanOperasional terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 432, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Sehingga kita dapat melihat bahwa Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional mampu memprediksi fraud secara signifikan karena semakin efisien biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan menunjukan semakin kecil kondisi bermasalah pada perusahaan perbankan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 533, "width": 399, "height": 111, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Loan to Deposit Ratio terhadap Fraud Berdasarkan hasil uji t Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Sehingga dapat dilihat bahwa Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak mampu memprediksi fraud secara signifikan karena walaupun perusahaan perbankan mampu memberikan jaminan atas setiap simpanan yang diberikan nasabah dan mampu membayar semua utang, hal tersebut tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah kecurangan yang terjadi pada perusahaan perbankan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 660, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 673, "width": 399, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan di bab sebelumnya, maka didapatkan beberapa kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, yaitu; (1) Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (2) Whistleblowing System berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (3) Leverage tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "696", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 399, "height": 111, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (4) Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (5) Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (6) Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (7) Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dan (8) Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 234, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 247, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACFE. (2016). Report To the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse: 2016 Global Fraud Study . Faiqoh, H. (2019). Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Internal Dan Goodcorporate Governance Terhadap Pencegahan Fraud . Universitas Islam Sultan Agung. KNKG. (2008). PedomanSistemPelaporanPelanggaran-SPP (Whistleblowing System- WBS) . Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 323, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurniawan, P. C., & Izzaty, K. N. (2019). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Pencegahan Fraud. ECONBANK: Journal of Economics and Banking , 1 (1), 55–60.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 361, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langoday, C. E. P. (2021). 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66a5b5c7-c835-4f01-feb1-00353046fec1	https://jurnal.syntax-idea.co.id/index.php/syntax-idea/article/download/2557/1564	[ { "left": 90, "top": 746, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite:", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 746, "width": 417, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta (2023), Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021, (5) 8, https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v5i7.2416 _ _ E-ISSN: 2684-883X", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 787, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published by:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 787, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ridwan Institute", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 137, "width": 421, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "GENETIC COMPARISON OF H3N2 INFLUENZA VIRUS IN INDONESIA WITH WHO RECOMMENDED STRAINS DURING THE PERIOD 2004 – 2021", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 185, "width": 396, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno 1 , Triyana Sari 2 , Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira 3 , Erick Sidarta 4 ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 216, "width": 330, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Little Sun School, Lower Secondary Division, Surabaya, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 232, "width": 336, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2’3 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 280, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 429, "height": 346, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Influenza caused by A/H3N2 virus is one commonly found infections in tropical countries. Vaccination policy against A/H3N2 virus is already established for Northern and Southern hemisphere, however, no specified policy is established for tropical countries such as Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended Indonesia to use vaccine formulation designated for Northern hemisphere. Some studies, however, have shown that there were mismatches between recommended vaccine and circulating strains present in Asian countries, which might have caused regional outbreaks. This study was aimed to compare the genetic makeup of WHO recommended vaccine strain with H3N2 virus circulating in Indonesia. A total of 147 HA and 148 NA complete nucleotide sequences from Indonesian population, as well as 14 HA and 14 NA WHO- recommended nucleotide sequences, were downloaded from GISAID. These sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11. Furthermore, antigenicity of these isolates was analyzed using Kolaskar and Tangonkar Prediction method accessible through IEDB website and Vaxijen 2.0. This study revealed that WHO-recommended vaccine strain for southern hemisphere in 2010 were compatible with Indonesian strains circulating in 2009. Furthermore, there were no recommended vaccine strain that matched strain in circulation between 2010 to 2012 and 2019. Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity prediction analysis had simulated that several mutations rendered some antigenic epitopes of HA and NA protein to be non-antigenic. These findings highlighted the importance of reliable national surveillance network of influenza to prevent regional epidemic and the development of local influenza vaccine to better accommodate Indonesian population.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 253, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: H3N2, Influenza, WHO, Vaksin, Genetic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 73, "width": 196, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOURNAL SYNTAX IDEA p–ISSN: 2723-4339 e-ISSN: 2548-1398 Vol. 5, No. 10, Oktober 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1339", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 428, "height": 172, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by four types of influenza virus (A, B, C, and D) which spreads in all parts of the world ( Influenza (Seasonal) , n.d.). Annually, it accounts for 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and approximately 650,000 deaths. The illness can be characterized by symptoms such as fever, dry cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise, sore throat and runny nose. Most people are able to recover themselves without medical intervention. High-risk groups such as pregnant women, children under 5 years, elderly, individuals with comorbidity and immunosuppressed condition, as well as health care workers might have more severe outcome than the rest of the population ( Influenza (Seasonal) , n.d.). Transmission of the virus relies on infectious droplets dispersed into the air when an infected individual cough or sneezes( Influenza (Seasonal) , n.d.).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 275, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seasonal epidemics in temperate regions occurs mainly during winter season, while in tropical region, outbreaks might occur irregularly all year round, with potential increase of cases during rainy season (Agustiningsih et al., 2018). Influenza A/H3N2 is one of the influential seasonal viruses which have caused three major influenza outbreaks since 1986. It has resulted in numerous epidemics, significant morbidity, and substantial mortality (Allen & Ross, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 428, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vaccination is the most recommended method to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by influenza virus infections, including A/H3N2 virus, as it will trigger immune responses which will provide a certain level of protection (Treanor, 2004). However, it is well known that the antigenicity of A/H3N2 rapidly changing through antigenic drift and antigenic shift of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene, which ultimately renders most, if not all, immune protection ineffective. Therefore, unlike any other available vaccine, influenza vaccine must be regularly reformulated to keep pace with antigenic changes in HA and NA proteins of the virus in circulation (Treanor, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 429, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "World Health Organization (WHO), through Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), recognizes the importance reformulation of vaccine components to reflect currently circulating viral strain (Hay & McCauley, 2018). The system allows WHO to monitor the currently prevalent viral strain and make recommendations on vaccine composition to anticipate potential future antigenic changes. This strategy allows them to avoid a mismatch between vaccine and the strain in circulation, hence reducing the possibility of vaccine being ineffective (Hay & McCauley, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The recommendations for trivalent influenza vaccine are made in February and September for Northern and Southern hemisphere respectively. However, countries with tropical climate where infection is possible all year long do not have any specific recommendation. The WHO suggested for these countries to use either Southern or Northern hemisphere vaccine formula based on regional epidemiological condition. A study by Agustiningsih et al . highlighted the possibilities of new strain to emerge in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tropical region before it spreads into temperate region. This signifies the importance of A/H3N2 monitoring in tropical countries such as Indonesia (Agustiningsih et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 430, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vaccine efficacy depends on the antigenicity relatedness between viral strain in circulation with the vaccine strains (Moura, 2010). Thus, to elucidate the compatibility of recommended vaccine towards A/H3N2 virus in Indonesia, this study aims to compare the genetic makeup of WHO recommended vaccine strain and A/H3N2 in circulation between 2004 – 2021 using computational analysis based on its antigenicity relatedness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 192, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESEARCH METHODS Sequence Acquisition and Alignment", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 428, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Complete nucleotide sequence of HA and NA gene of influenza virus A/H3N2 was acquired from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) (Elbe & Buckland-Merrett, 2017; Khare et al., 2021; Shu & McCauley, 2017). All isolates were of Indonesia origin with the latest isolation date of August 21 st , 2021. Along with Indonesian isolates, all WHO recommended vaccine strains from 2004 up to 2021 were included. All isolates were processed with BioEdit and aligned with vaccine strains using Clustal Omega (Sievers et al., 2011) provided for free by European Molecular Biology Laboratory – European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI). Isolates with 100% similarities had their identifiers merged using Biopython (Cock et al., 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phylogenetic Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phylogenetic analysis of those isolates was completed by utilizing MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11 (Tamura et al., 2021). Neighbor joining statistical method was chosen with default parameter and bootstrap value set at 1,000. All isolates and vaccine strains were separated into several groups (A – H) based on the recommendation year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antigenicity Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 428, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) (Vita et al., 2019), a free accessible online resource tool, was used to predict linear B-cell epitopes on all vaccine strains. The prediction was performed using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method of IEDB. Subsequently, predicted epitopes were checked for its antigenicity value via Vaxijen v2.0 server (Doytchinova & Flower, 2007) with the default threshold of 0.4. Isolates with mutation within the reference epitopes were documented and predicted for its B-cell epitopes and antigenicity score using the same methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 160, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Result", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 673, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A total of 14 WHO-recommended vaccine strains along with 147 HA and 148 NA gene sequences from Indonesian isolates were retrieved from GISAID. However, it was important to note that the identifier of HA and NA from Indonesian isolates were not necessarily the same. Complete EPI_ISL identifier of both recommended vaccine strains and Indonesian isolates were listed in Table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1341", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 116, "width": 425, "height": 242, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. List of EPI_ISL identifier of all vaccine strains and Indonesian isolates used in this study. Isolate Type EPI_ISL Identifier WHO- recommended vaccine strain (HA and NA genes) EPI_ISL_111384, EPI_ISL_65217, EPI_ISL_113070, EPI_ISL_154552, EPI_ISL_176458, EPI_ISL_176456, EPI_ISL_134450, EPI_ISL_170149, EPI_ISL_166310, EPI_ISL_176512, EPI_ISL_311688, EPI_ISL_332305, EPI_ISL_413291, EPI_ISL_391201 Indonesian isolates (HA gene) EPI_ISL_98651, EPI_ISL_135834, EPI_ISL_145127, EPI_ISL_145128, EPI_ISL_145129, EPI_ISL_145130, EPI_ISL_145131, EPI_ISL_145132, EPI_ISL_145133, EPI_ISL_145134, EPI_ISL_145135, EPI_ISL_145136, EPI_ISL_145137, EPI_ISL_145138, EPI_ISL_145139, EPI_ISL_145140, EPI_ISL_145141, EPI_ISL_145142, EPI_ISL_145143, EPI_ISL_145144, EPI_ISL_145145,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 361, "width": 270, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145146, EPI_ISL_145147, EPI_ISL_145148, EPI_ISL_145149, EPI_ISL_145150, EPI_ISL_145151,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 393, "width": 270, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145152, EPI_ISL_145153, EPI_ISL_145154, EPI_ISL_145155, EPI_ISL_145156, EPI_ISL_145157, EPI_ISL_145158, EPI_ISL_145159, EPI_ISL_145160, EPI_ISL_145161, EPI_ISL_145162, EPI_ISL_145163,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 456, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145164, EPI_ISL_145165, EPI_ISL_145166,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 472, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145167, EPI_ISL_145168, EPI_ISL_145169,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 488, "width": 270, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145170, EPI_ISL_145171, EPI_ISL_145172, EPI_ISL_145173, EPI_ISL_145174, EPI_ISL_145175, EPI_ISL_145176, EPI_ISL_145177, EPI_ISL_145178, EPI_ISL_145179, EPI_ISL_145180, EPI_ISL_145181, EPI_ISL_145182, EPI_ISL_145183, EPI_ISL_145184, EPI_ISL_145185, EPI_ISL_145186, EPI_ISL_145187, EPI_ISL_145188, EPI_ISL_145189, EPI_ISL_145190, EPI_ISL_145191, EPI_ISL_145192, EPI_ISL_145193, EPI_ISL_145194, EPI_ISL_145195, EPI_ISL_145196,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 631, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145197, EPI_ISL_145198, EPI_ISL_145199,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 647, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145200, EPI_ISL_145201, EPI_ISL_145202,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 663, "width": 270, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145203, EPI_ISL_145204, EPI_ISL_145205, EPI_ISL_145206, EPI_ISL_145207, EPI_ISL_145208, EPI_ISL_145209, EPI_ISL_145210, EPI_ISL_145211, EPI_ISL_145212, EPI_ISL_145213, EPI_ISL_145214, EPI_ISL_145215, EPI_ISL_145216, EPI_ISL_145217,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1342", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 188, "top": 86, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145218, EPI_ISL_145219, EPI_ISL_145220,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 102, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145221, EPI_ISL_145222, EPI_ISL_145223,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 118, "width": 270, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145224, EPI_ISL_145225, EPI_ISL_145226, EPI_ISL_166823, EPI_ISL_200738, EPI_ISL_232993, EPI_ISL_232994, EPI_ISL_232995, EPI_ISL_232996, EPI_ISL_234986, EPI_ISL_235206, EPI_ISL_235207, EPI_ISL_235208, EPI_ISL_235209, EPI_ISL_235210, EPI_ISL_289548, EPI_ISL_289549, EPI_ISL_289550, EPI_ISL_289551, EPI_ISL_289552, EPI_ISL_289553,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 229, "width": 353, "height": 267, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289554, EPI_ISL_289555, EPI_ISL_322337, EPI_ISL_322739, EPI_ISL_378549, EPI_ISL_378550, EPI_ISL_378551, EPI_ISL_378552, EPI_ISL_403405, EPI_ISL_403409, EPI_ISL_403419, EPI_ISL_403458, EPI_ISL_493147, EPI_ISL_510016, EPI_ISL_510017, EPI_ISL_510018, EPI_ISL_583902, EPI_ISL_614338, EPI_ISL_614339, EPI_ISL_614340, EPI_ISL_614341, EPI_ISL_614342, EPI_ISL_614343, EPI_ISL_644652, EPI_ISL_718126, EPI_ISL_718127, EPI_ISL_718129 Indonesian isolates (NA gene) EPI_ISL_20146, EPI_ISL_20149, EPI_ISL_20152, EPI_ISL_20153, EPI_ISL_20161, EPI_ISL_98651, EPI_ISL_135834, EPI_ISL_145127, EPI_ISL_145128, EPI_ISL_145129, EPI_ISL_145130, EPI_ISL_145131, EPI_ISL_145132, EPI_ISL_145133, EPI_ISL_145134, EPI_ISL_145135, EPI_ISL_145136, EPI_ISL_145137, EPI_ISL_145138, EPI_ISL_145139, EPI_ISL_145140, EPI_ISL_145141, EPI_ISL_145142, EPI_ISL_145143,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 499, "width": 270, "height": 172, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145144, EPI_ISL_145145, EPI_ISL_145146, EPI_ISL_145147, EPI_ISL_145148, EPI_ISL_145149, EPI_ISL_145150, EPI_ISL_145151, EPI_ISL_145152, EPI_ISL_145153, EPI_ISL_145154, EPI_ISL_145155, EPI_ISL_145156, EPI_ISL_145157, EPI_ISL_145158, EPI_ISL_145159, EPI_ISL_145160, EPI_ISL_145161, EPI_ISL_145162, EPI_ISL_145163, EPI_ISL_145164, EPI_ISL_145165, EPI_ISL_145166, EPI_ISL_145167, EPI_ISL_145168, EPI_ISL_145169, EPI_ISL_145170, EPI_ISL_145171, EPI_ISL_145172, EPI_ISL_145173, EPI_ISL_145174, EPI_ISL_145175, EPI_ISL_145176,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 674, "width": 270, "height": 76, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145177, EPI_ISL_145178, EPI_ISL_145179, EPI_ISL_145180, EPI_ISL_145181, EPI_ISL_145182, EPI_ISL_145183, EPI_ISL_145184, EPI_ISL_145185, EPI_ISL_145186, EPI_ISL_145187, EPI_ISL_145188, EPI_ISL_145189, EPI_ISL_145190, EPI_ISL_145191,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1343", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 188, "top": 101, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145192, EPI_ISL_145193, EPI_ISL_145194,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 117, "width": 270, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145195, EPI_ISL_145196, EPI_ISL_145197, EPI_ISL_145198, EPI_ISL_145199, EPI_ISL_145200, EPI_ISL_145201, EPI_ISL_145202, EPI_ISL_145203, EPI_ISL_145204, EPI_ISL_145205, EPI_ISL_145206, EPI_ISL_145207, EPI_ISL_145208, EPI_ISL_145209, EPI_ISL_145210, EPI_ISL_145211, EPI_ISL_145212,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 212, "width": 270, "height": 140, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145213, EPI_ISL_145214, EPI_ISL_145215, EPI_ISL_145216, EPI_ISL_145217, EPI_ISL_145218, EPI_ISL_145219, EPI_ISL_145220, EPI_ISL_145221, EPI_ISL_145222, EPI_ISL_145223, EPI_ISL_145224, EPI_ISL_145225, EPI_ISL_145226, EPI_ISL_166823, EPI_ISL_200738, EPI_ISL_232993, EPI_ISL_232994, EPI_ISL_232995, EPI_ISL_232996, EPI_ISL_234986, EPI_ISL_235206, EPI_ISL_235207, EPI_ISL_235208, EPI_ISL_235209, EPI_ISL_235210, EPI_ISL_289548,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 354, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289549, EPI_ISL_289550, EPI_ISL_289551,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 370, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289552, EPI_ISL_289553, EPI_ISL_289554,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 386, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289555, EPI_ISL_322337, EPI_ISL_322739,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 402, "width": 270, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_378549, EPI_ISL_378550, EPI_ISL_378551, EPI_ISL_378552, EPI_ISL_493147, EPI_ISL_510016,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 434, "width": 270, "height": 76, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_510017, EPI_ISL_510018, EPI_ISL_583902, EPI_ISL_614338, EPI_ISL_614339, EPI_ISL_614340, EPI_ISL_614341, EPI_ISL_614342, EPI_ISL_614343, EPI_ISL_644652, EPI_ISL_718126, EPI_ISL_718127, EPI_ISL_718129", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sequences of vaccine strains and isolates were aligned with Clustal Omega, trimmed with BioEdit, and subsequently, processed with Biopython to merge the all isolates with 100% sequence similarity. A total of 133 HA and 130 NA unique isolates were obtained at the end of this step. All processed sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11, where Neighbor Joining statistical method was selected.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic distance of HA gene among Indonesian isolates and vaccine strains was represented with phylogenetic tree in Figure 1. There were no HA gene isolates between 2004 and 2007 could be found since this study included those with complete nucleotide sequences. Vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus was used as recommendation in 2008 until 2010 for both hemispheres which matched with viral strain in circulation for 2008 only. Isolates from 2009 had closer relationship with A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus, which was recommended in 2010, a year after. There", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1344", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "were no vaccine strains that matched with isolates from 2010. Recommended vaccine strains for subsequent years were suggested by the WHO the year after.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 429, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic distance of NA gene from Indonesian A/H3N2 isolates to the vaccine strain slightly contrasted with the HA gene (Figure 2). Isolates from 2008 were seemed to be split into two separate clusters, however, vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus was still compatible with the all of those isolates. Several recommendations suggested by WHO were delayed as shown by isolates in 2009, 2012 – 2013, and 2017. Several isolates from 2012, 2010, and 2019 were shown to be incompatible with all of the vaccine strains.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 228, "width": 423, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Some vaccine strains were reused several times; therefore, isolates were reorganized into several groups (A – H) based on the recurring usage of the vaccine strains to simplify the analysis (Table 2). The vaccine strains were analyzed using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method from IEDB to find potential epitopes. These epitopes were checked for their antigenicity value with Vaxijen 2.0. with a threshold level of 0.4 afterwards. Vaccine strains sequences were compared with all isolates from the same group to map mutations within epitope region. These point mutations were listed in table 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 371, "width": 361, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. WHO-recommended H3N2 vaccine strain for influenza vaccine", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 98, "top": 387, "width": 398, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "development. Year Hemisp here Recommended Vaccine Strain EPI ISL Group 2004 Southern A/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2)-like virus 11138", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 452, "width": 393, "height": 110, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 A 2004/20", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 105, "top": 476, "width": 272, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "05 Northern A/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2)-like virus", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 468, "width": 392, "height": 271, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11138 4 2005 Southern A/Wellington/1/2004(H3N2)-like virus 65217 2005/20 06 Northern A/California/7/2004(H3N2)-like virus 11307 0 2006 Southern A/California/7/2004(H3N2)-like virus 11307 0 2006/20 07 Northern A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virus 15455 2 2007 Southern A/Wisconsin/67/2005(H3N2)-like virus 15455 2 2007/20 08 Northern A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virus 15455 2 2008 Southern A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 B 2008/20 09 Northern A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1345", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 101, "width": 393, "height": 496, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2009 Southern A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 2009/20 10 Northern A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 2010 Southern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2010/20 11 Northern A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 2011 Southern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2011/20 12 Northern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2012 Southern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2012/20 13 Northern A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like virus 13445 0 2013 Southern A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like virus 13445 0 2014- 2015 Northern A(H3N2) virus antigenically like the cell-propagated prototype virus A/Victoria/361/2011 13445 0 2014 Southser n A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2)-like virus 17014 9 C 2015/20 16 Northern A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2)-like virus 17014 9 2015 Southern A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)- like virus 16631 0 D 2015/20 16 Northern A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)- like virus 16631 0 2016 Southern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 584, "width": 391, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 E 2016/20", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 91, "top": 600, "width": 392, "height": 126, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Northern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651 2 2017 Southern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651 2 2017/20 18 Northern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651 2 2018 Southern A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus 31168 8 F", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1346", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 86, "width": 421, "height": 414, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2018/20 19 Northern A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus 31168 8 2019 Southern A/Switzerland/8060/2017 (H3N2)-like virus 33230 5 G 2019/20 20 Northern A(H3N2) virus to be announced on 21 March 2019 - 2020 Southern A/South Australia/34/2019 (H3N2)-like virus 41329 1 H 2020/20 21 Northern A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2)-like virus 39120 1 2021 Southern A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2)-like virus 39120 1 Table 3. Mutation found on all isolates based on the location of predicted epitopes of recommended vaccine strain Group Vaccine Strain (EPI ISL) Mutation on HA Gene Mutation on NA Gene A 65217 - F23L, T69A B 176458 L7F, S8R, Y9H, Y9N, V14A, F15L, T16A, T16V, K18E, A27T, L31F, S61N, V59I, S61I, P71S, D69N, S70N, I74V, Q73H, Y110H, V128I, L173S, K174N, K174R, P178Q, P178S, V182M, H199L,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 222, "top": 503, "width": 119, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P210L, Q227R, T228A, I230S, I246V, I258L, I258V, K484T, V521I,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 376, "width": 268, "height": 220, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "V545A, V545F, V545I, A546V, D529E, W530R, A537S, I538T I20V, T16I, I26T, L52P,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 369, "top": 392, "width": 133, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C53Y, I65T, T95K, D93G,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 369, "top": 408, "width": 123, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D127Y, D127N, K128T, F167L, I176M, I176V,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 369, "top": 440, "width": 121, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I194V, I215V, V240I, G235R, T238A, E258K, V263I, T312I, V317L,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 487, "width": 398, "height": 237, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S315N, S335G, H336N, D339G, D399N, I418V, I427V C 170149 L137S T56I, S315G, D339G D 166310 D69N, S175Y, K176T, Q213H, Q327H I233V E 176512 I4T, Y9C, G65D, Y110N, S112N, D120G, A154S, K158G, F209S, I230T, H327Q, L443I, I538M, V545I, A546V T19I, T69N, P90Q, G93D, I231V, S311N, D339N", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1347", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 101, "width": 401, "height": 252, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F 311688 Y9H, F15Y, D69N, I83V, Y110H, S112N, A122V, R158G, R158K, N174K, K176T, Y177H, I208T, P210L, Q213H, I230T, A228T, S328R, H327Q, A492V, A546V G93D, I212V, T238A, V313A G 332305 Y9C, G158R, T176K, H327Q, A546V G93D, P126L, M176I, V194I, T238A, T238V, I312V, V313A, S315R H 413291 I4T, Y9C, T16A, Y110N, D120G, F153S, S154A, T176K, S209F, Y211F, I246V, I258M, G291S, V325I, Q327H, I538M, V545I I28T, L52P, G93D, L126P, T238A, V313A, R315S, E381G, E381D", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Isolates with these mutations were subjected to analysis using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method and have their antigenicity evaluated using Vaxijen 2.0. Epitope antigenicity of these isolates were compared with those of vaccine strains. Mutations within HA and NA epitopes that had their antigenicity rendered non- antigenic were summarized in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively. Several epitopes from different isolates completely disappeared due to point mutation outside the antigenic epitopes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 499, "width": 382, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Point mutations within antigenic epitopes of HA gene that had been rendered non-antigenic.() Epitopes disappeared due to mutation outside the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 531, "width": 394, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "antigenic epitope. Group by Year Vaccine Strain (EPI_ISL) Isolates Mutation", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 595, "width": 365, "height": 157, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B 176458 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BP116/2010\|2010.458 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS285/2010\|2010.430 S61N A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS262/2010\|2010.334 V59I A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS262/2010\|2010.334 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BM66/2009\|2009.532 P210L", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1348", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 232, "top": 86, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/NIHRDI-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 102, "width": 123, "height": 362, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BM78/2009\|2009.551 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BP103/2010\|2010.225 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BP116/2010\|2010.458 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BT226/2009\|2009.241 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BT77/2009\|2009.490 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MRK206/2010\|2010.315 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MRK228/2010\|2010.353 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS285/2010\|2010.430 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- NAD182/2010\|2010.334 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- NAD216/2010\|2010.548 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- SMG213/2010\|2010.142 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- TG077/2009\|2009.510", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 467, "width": 251, "height": 93, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Jakarta/FLUEJKSV0033/2012\|20 12.117 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BT226/2009\|2009.241 Q227R A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MRK228/2010\|2010.353 N328K", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 564, "width": 236, "height": 100, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E 176512 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Dps_302/2016\|2016.011", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 449, "top": 572, "width": 30, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N/A", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 232, "top": 596, "width": 121, "height": 45, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Dps_302/2016\|2016.011 A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 644, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pal350/2017\|2017.170", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 659, "width": 117, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks410/2017\|2017.551", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 667, "width": 251, "height": 85, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017\|2017.052 A/Indonesia/02211874/2017\|2017.1 40 R158G", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1349", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 232, "top": 101, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 117, "width": 121, "height": 76, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dps_302/2016\|2016.011 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks410/2017\|2017.551 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017\|2017.052", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 196, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 212, "width": 173, "height": 44, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Plb499/2017\|2017.164 A/Indonesia/07301041/2017\|2017.5 75", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 259, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 275, "width": 124, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jbi_248/2016\|2016.068 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mdn_281/2016\|2016.068", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 236, "width": 383, "height": 500, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Btm_185/2016\|2016.041 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Btm190/2016\|2016.057 P210L A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Pal350/2017\|2017.170 A/Indonesia/02211874/2017\|2017.1 40 I208T, P210L, Q213H A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017\|2017.052 S328R G 332305 A/Indonesia/BKL0918/2019\|2019.0 00 A/Indonesia/BKL0926/2019\|2019.0 00 A/Indonesia/BKL0928/2019\|2019.0 00 A/Indonesia/COV18.230/2019\|2019. 000 A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/201 9\|2019.899 K158G A/Indonesia/COV18.230/2019\|2019. 000 G65D A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/201 9\|2019.899 N/A A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/201 9\|2019.899 I538M, V545I", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1350", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 117, "top": 86, "width": 386, "height": 189, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195084/201 9\|2019.901 A154S, K158G H 413291 A/Indonesia/NIHRDBJM1205/2020\| 2020.221 A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS858/2020\|2 020.210 A/Indonesia/NIHRDPAL742/2020\|2 020.085 N/A* A/Indonesia/NIHRDBJM1205/2020\| 2020.221 V325I A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS858/2020\|2 020.210 I538M, V545I", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 107, "top": 294, "width": 385, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Point Mutations within antigenic epitopes of NA gene that had been rendered non-antigenic. () Epitopes disappeared due to mutation outside the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 326, "width": 403, "height": 414, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "antigenic epitope Group by Year Vaccine Strain (EPI_ISL) Isolates Mutatio n B 176458 A/Jakarta/FLUEJKSV0031/2012\|2012.08 5 D339G A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Drs490/2012\|2012.049 H336N C 170149 A/Indonesia/Nihrds- _0504/2014\|2014.079 D339G D 166310 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mmj337/2015\|2015.496 I233V E 176512 A/Indonesia/Nihrd-Bjm57.159 T69N A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Bjm576/2017\|2017.159 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017\|2017.052 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Plb499/2017\|2017.164 D339N F 311688 A/Indonesia/NIHRD- MKS540/2018\|2018.123 N/A G 332305 A/Indonesia/BKL0918/2019\|2019.000 A/Indonesia/BKL0926/2019\|2019.000 A/Indonesia/BKL0928/2019\|2019.000 A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/2019\|201 9.899 N/A", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1351", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 101, "width": 382, "height": 183, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195084/2019\|201 9.901 H 413291 A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS850/2020\|2020. 189 R315S A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS850/2020\|2020. 189 E381G A/Indonesia/NIHRDBPP1533/2020\|2020 .128 E381D A/Indonesia/NIHRDSMG722/2020\|2020. 243 N/A", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 428, "height": 172, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the past, a novel A/H3N2 strain first emerged in Hong Kong and quickly led to outbreaks that was associated with more than one million deaths world-wide 3. There was no prior documentation of A/H3N2 infecting humans at that time. Reassortment between HA and PB1 fragment of avian A/H3N2 with NA fragment of A/H2N2 from 1957 were suggested to be the reason of novel A/H3N2 appearance. This novel strain retained the ability of A/H2N2 to interact and transmit between human. These two viral strains continued to co-circulate in human until 1971, where A/H3N2 dominated. These outbreaks had led to enforcement of the immunization policy which include A/H3N2 strain as part of the trivalent influenza vaccine. This was followed by annual release of recommended vaccine strain by WHO on February and September to counter prevalent viral strain circulating in Northern and Southern hemisphere respectively.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The WHO recommended for tropical and subtropical countries to consider which vaccine formulation to be used independently based on the epidemiological condition 15. However, several studies have shown that both recommendations were frequently mismatched in tropical and subtropical region 6,16,17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study assessed the compatibility of WHO recommended vaccine strain with circulating strain between 2004 and 2021 using in silico method. Due to the lack of actual samples, the robust capability of data analysis and extensive calculation of bioinformatic tools had become indispensable for this study. Using isolates stored in GISAID database, this study provided an important insight on circulating virus in Indonesia compared to vaccine strain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA genes have revealed that several vaccine strains were incompatible with strains in circulation. Vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus was recommended in 2010 for Southern hemisphere, yet it was fully compatible with HA and NA gene of isolates from 2009. Furthermore, we observed that there was no vaccine strain compatible with isolates from 2010 – 2012 and 2019. In 2020, however, the vaccine strain was found to be compatible for both HA and NA gene.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1352", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Further analysis of vaccine strains and Indonesian isolates was done using Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method and Vaxijen 2.0. Through this analysis, the presence of antigenic epitope for both HA and NA gene from vaccine strain were identified. Mutations within antigenic epitopes of vaccine strains were obtained by comparing these epitopes with isolate sequences. From mutations that have been observed in Indonesian isolates, several mutations have been previously reported by different studies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 429, "height": 140, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mutation D93G on NA segment of A/H3N2 had been reported by Zhong, et al . to be one of many point mutations that drove antigenic drift 18. Another mutation, namely R158G, was reported by Biswas, et al . and was likely to influence the antigenicity of A/H3N2 due to its location within the proximity of potential glycosylation site 19. The analysis also revealed that there were mutations which were not found inside the antigenic epitopes of vaccine strain itself, yet caused several antigenic epitopes to completely disappear from Indonesian isolates. The effect of most mutations listed in this study, however, remains elusive due to our lack of actual samples to perform actual laboratory tests.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 339, "width": 428, "height": 125, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The actual performance of recommended vaccine formula towards circulating A/H3N2 could not be assessed. However, it could be argued that even if successful influenza vaccination was multifactorial, most of it had been attributed to HA mismatch of vaccine strain and circulating strain 20. Monto, et al . highlighted that aside from HA mismatch, neglected NA-specific immunity had been proven to contributes towards protection against influenza independently of HA segment 21. Both HA and NA segment acquired mutation over time during A/H3N2 circulation, which resulted in antigenic drift, reducing vaccine performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 428, "height": 172, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several past studies had reported mismatch in A/H3N2 vaccine recommendation and circulating strain. Mott, et al. conducted a study about the re-emergence of influenza virus circulation in 2020 within tropical Asia and reported that some viruses from tropical countries belong to different genetic clade than recommended 2020-2021 northern hemisphere influenza vaccine (A/Hong Kong/267/2019) 16. Mott, et al. also suggested that that several factors such as surveillance artifact, travel restrictions, and COVID-19 intervention have affected the heterogeneity of influenza activity across countries in tropical Asia 16. Chan et al. conducted a study on seasonal influenza virus, especially on influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B between 1996 and 2012 17. He found that vaccine strains recommended by WHO for Northern and Southern hemisphere and viruses circulating in Hong Kong, China, were frequently mismatched.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study had indicated frequent mismatch between recommended vaccine strain and circulating A/H3N2 strain in Indonesia between 2004 and 2021. Our finding was in line with several previous study that highlighted the mismatch between vaccine strain and circulating strain in tropical countries. Collectively, these studies suggested that there is a need for an improved influenza surveillance and response system for tropical and subtropical countries to better manage A/H3N2 outbreak in the region and formulate vaccine with higher compatibility towards strains in circulation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1353", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There were several limitations to this study, which included the scarcity of influenza data from 2004 – 2006 that prevented this study from assessing compatibility of WHO recommended vaccine for that time period. Furthermore, prediction made in this study was purely based on in silico method, which might or might not represent the actual effect of mutation towards the antigenicity and vaccine performance. The effect of undocumented mutations found in Indonesian isolates also remained elusive.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 429, "height": 108, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study revealed frequent mismatch between WHO recommended vaccine strains and A/H3N2 in circulation in Indonesia due to antigenic drift. However, due to the use of in silico approach, effects of undocumented mutations that caused the reduction or disappearance of antigenic epitopes in Indonesian isolates remained elusive. This highlights the importance of improved national surveillance and response towards A/H3N2 in an attempt to reduce the possibility of influenza outbreak, as well as development of influenza vaccine with higher compatibility for Indonesian population.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 354, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BLIBLIOGRAPHY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 383, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agustiningsih, A., Trimarsanto, H., Restuadi, R., Made Artika, I., Hellard, M., & Muljono, D. H. (2018). Evolutionary study and phylodynamic pattern of human influenza A/H3N2 virus in Indonesia from 2008 to 2010. PLOS ONE , 13 (8), e0201427. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0201427", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 452, "width": 429, "height": 41, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Allen, J. 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845f2de2-2bcc-5d6c-42e1-9b94f52ed892	http://ejournal.stih-awanglong.ac.id/index.php/awal/article/download/156/127	[ { "left": 310, "top": 36, "width": 216, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 82, "top": 75, "width": 436, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 188, "width": 286, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan 1, Dady Hendrawan 2 , Solikin 3 1 Prodi Ilmu Hukum, STIH Awang Long Samarinda, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 215, "width": 286, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Prodi Ilmu Hukum, STIH Awang Long Samarinda, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 228, "width": 390, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Prodi Ilmu Hukum, STIH Awang Long Samarinda, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 Submission 2019-11-12 Review 2019-12-23 Publication 2020-01-29", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 454, "height": 352, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman merupakan salah satu wilayah yang terintegrasi dalam bagian Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan potensi sumber daya alam yang baik, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya perusahaan pertambangan yang mengelilingi masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Akibatnya, masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang mengalami imbasnya secara langsung yaitu kerusakan lahan mata pencaharian mereka yang tercemar akibat dampak limbah pertambangan yang merugikan masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Ditambah lagi, banyaknya lahan bekas tambang yang bukan hanya membahayakan kerusakan lahan akan tetapi juga membahayakan manusia yang berada disekitarnya. Oleh karenanya, Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bekerjasama dengan mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN), berinisiatif mengadakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui sosialisasi hukum dengan concern kepada pemanfaatan lahan bekas tambang sebagai salah satu penanggulangan dampak lahan tambang, dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” . Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini diharapkan mampu memberikan solusi bagi permasalahan yang terjadi di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bekerjasama dengan stakeholder terkait yaitu dari aparatur perangkat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan penanaman tanaman atsiri bersama masyarakat Desa Mulawarman. Hasilnya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat telah berjalan dengan baik dan mendapat apresiasi serta dukungan dari stakeholder terkait yaitu perangkat Desa Mulawarman serta perusahaan sekitar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 708, "width": 334, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Desa Mulawarman, Lahan Bekas Tambang, Sosialisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 89, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 88, "width": 454, "height": 268, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman pada tahun 1981 mempunyai lahan pertanian seluas 450 Ha dari wilayahnya yang dipergunakan dan diperuntukan dalam pengembangan pertanian dalam arti luas dengan berbagai komoditas pertanian yang mempunyai prospek cukup baik, namun saat ini lahan pertanian berubah fungsi menjadi lahan pertambangan. Peruntukan lahan yang digunakan sebagai tanaman Perkebunan menempati urutan Pertama dengan luas Peruntukan disusul Komoditas lain seperti Tanaman Padi dan Tanaman palawija. Sebagai salah satu wilayah yang terintegrasi dalam bagian Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan potensi sumber daya alam yang baik, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya perusahaan pertambangan yang mengelilingi masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Akibatnya, masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang mengalami imbasnya secara langsung yaitu kerusakan lahan mata pencaharian mereka yang tercemar akibat dampak limbah pertambangan yang merugikan masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Ditambah lagi, banyaknya lahan bekas tambang yang bukan hanya membahayakan kerusakan lahan akan tetapi juga membahayakan manusia yang berada disekitarnya. Oleh karenanya masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dituntut untuk dapat berinovatif menghasilkan perekonomian yang stabil melalui ekonomi kreatif dengan memanfaatkan lahan bekas tambang sebagaisalah satu bentuk penanggulangan dampak lahan tambang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 370, "width": 454, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh karenanya merujuk pada permasalahan tersebut, Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda berinisiatif menyelenggarakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” . Dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bersama mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) bekerjasama dengan stakeholder terkait dari pihak aparatur Desa Bhuana Jaya, Kecamatan Tenggarong serta perusahaan-perusahaan sekitar untuk saling berkoordinasi dan mensinergikan dalam memanfaatkan lahan bekas tambang sebagai mata pencaharian ekonomi kreatif masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Harapannya, keberadaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” mampu menciptakan ekonomi kreatif bagi masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang akibat dampak lahan tambang yang merusak lingkungan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 623, "width": 54, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 639, "width": 453, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, analisis dan pengkajian data mengguanakn metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informasi dan data diperoleh dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung melalui kegiatan penanaman bibit padi, serta penanaman sayuran dari pupuk kompos dengan target sasaran yang di selenggarakan melalui pelaksanaan penyuluhan hukum yang dilaksanakan di wilayah Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang”. Target sasaran dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 72, "width": 452, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tenggarong Seberang, yang juga ikut didukung oleh aparatur Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 114, "width": 455, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat terhadap luaran peserta yang mendukung kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini melalui metode ceramah, dan diskusi interaktif kepada masing-masing peserta terkait pemahaman peserta terhadap “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” yang diberikan oleh pihak Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, serta mahasiswa dan mahasiswi STIH Awang Long, Samarinda yang ikut melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat melalui realisasi program kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 255, "width": 149, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 271, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 285, "width": 454, "height": 211, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman adalah hasil penempatan dari Transmigrasi Tahun 1980 -1981 yang diberi nama Separi IV atau yang lebih dikenal lagi dengan nama Km. 16, yang mana sebutan Km. 16 itu didapat dari jarak tempuh dari Desa Separi IV sampai simpang tiga KPC (Desa Bukit Pariaman),Desa Mulawarman menjadi Desa Difinitif pada tanggal 10 Oktober 1986 yang disahkan oleh pemerintah kabupaten.Desa Mulawarman adalah bagian integral dari Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Propinsi Kalimantan Timur dengan luas wilayah 10 KM 2 . Desa Mulawarman memiliki 3 (Tiga) Dusun dan 19 ( Sembilan Belas ) Rukun Tetangga ( RT ) dan pada tahun 2019 dengan jumlah penduduk 2.387 Jiwa. Desa Mulawarman yang merupakan kawasan dengan dataran rendah dan daerah dengan katagori pedesaan yang mempunyai kekayaan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan menjadi sarana pertanian,masyarakat desa mulawarman pada umumnya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani dan buruh tani. dan sebagian lagi masyarakat mengembangkan usahanya dalam jasa perdagangan serta peningkatan usaha kecil pedesaan. Pembagian RT di Tingkat Dusun, diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 496, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Dusun Karya Jaya meliputi Rt. 1,2,3,4, 17,18 dan 19 yang diketuai oleh Bapak Agus Wibowo", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Dusun Karya Bhakti meliputi Rt. 5,6,7,8 dan 9 yang diketuai oleh Bapak Didit Rubiyanto.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Dusun Karya Harapan meliputi Rt. 10,11,12 ,13,14,15 dan 16 yang diketuai oleh Bapak Muhajir.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 595, "width": 454, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman berada pada ketinggian dari Permukaan air laut kurang lebih 100 meter dengan topografi dataran rendah sekitar 3 .000 Ha dan 7.250 Ha perbukitan. Desa Mulawarman dikelilingi oleh 4 ( empat ) Desa meliputi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 637, "width": 375, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Sebelah Utara berbatasan dengan Desa Prangat Kec. Marang Kayu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 651, "width": 323, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sebelah Timur berbatasan dengan Desa Bukit Pariaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 665, "width": 312, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Sebelah Selatan berbatasan dengan Desa Bhuana Jaya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 679, "width": 293, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Sebelah Barat berbatasan dengan Desa Suka Maju", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 707, "width": 454, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman terdiri dari dataran rendah yang dikelilingi oleh Perusahaan tambang Batu Bara yaitu PT. JMB, PT. KPUC dan PT. PAMA, Desa Mulawarman adalah Salah satu Desa binaan dari Perusahaan Tambang Batu bara yang ada disekitarnya. Berdasarkan data yang dimiliki Pemerintah Desa Mulawarman Selain kawasan Batu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bara. Desa Mulawarman yang merupakan kawasan atau daerah dengan katagori pedesaan yang mempunyai kekayaan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan menjadi salah satu usaha pertambangan batu bara dan jasa oleh masyarakat dalam pengembangan perdagangan serta peningkatan usaha kecil pedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penanggulangan Dampak Limbah Pertambangan Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang Pada Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 185, "width": 453, "height": 323, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identifikasi dampak Limbah Pertambangan, bila ditinjau berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 18/1999 dan PP 85/1999 Limbah di definisikan sebagai sisa bangunan dari suatu usaha atau kegiatan manusia yang mengandung bahan berbahaya atau beracun yang karna sifat, konsentrasi dan jumlahnya, baik yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat membahayakan lingkungan, kesehatan, kelangsungan hidup manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya. Adanya kegiatan pertambangan ini mendorong pemerintah untuk mengaturnya dalam undang-undang., diantaranya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-pokok Pengusahaan Pertambangan, yang secara garis besar dapat digambarkan melalui keberadaan dampak ekonomi dimana kegiatan penambangan mampu mendatangkan keuntungan yang sangat besar yaitu mendatangkan devisa dan menyerap tenaga kerja sangat banyak dan bagi Kabupaten/Kota bisa meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dengan kewajiban pengusaha membayar retribusi dan lain-lain. Ironinya, keuntungan ekonomi yang didapat tidak sebanding dengan kerusakan lingkungan setelah terjadinya pertambangan. Lingkungan hidup sebagai bagian yang mutlak dari kehidupan manusia memiliki tiga unsur penting yaitu unsur hayati (biotik), unsur sosial budaya, dan unsur fisik (abiotik). Urgensi lingkungan hidup bagi kehidupan manusia dapat sebagai tempat tinggal, tempat mencari makan, tempat beraktivitas dan sebagai tempat hiburan. Tetapi semuanya itu tidak dapat di lakukan jika lingkungan itu rusak, baik faktor dari alam maupun faktor dari manusia sendiri. Untuk itu harus melakukan berbagai upaya agar lingkungan bersih dan layak di tempati. Diharapkan peran serta berbagai pihak untuk melestarikan lingkungan sekitar, agar kita dapat memiliki lingkungan yang bersih dan layak untuk di tempati.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 522, "width": 453, "height": 246, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hal ini kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertemakan “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” dilaksanakan dengan meninjau lokasi penanaman tumbuhan atsiri terlebih dahulu, yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bersama mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) bekerjasama dengan stakeholder terkait dari pihak aparatur Desa Bhuana Jaya, Kecamatan Tenggarong. Lokasi tersebut merupakan lokasi lahan bekas tambang yang telah dialih fungsikan sebagai lahan tanaman atsiri oleh kelompok tani desa muwarman. Kemudian, bersama-sama oleh Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bersama mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN), serta masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 72, "width": 452, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mekakukan penanaman bersama. Penanaman tumbuhan atsiri dilakukan selain karena adanya MOU antara aparatur perangkat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda yang disupport oleh PT. Jembayan Muara Bara, namun juga karena tanaman atsiri mudah perawatan dalam kondisi tanah datar maupun pegunungan, subur maupun tidak subur, serta kondisi iklim yang tidak menentu. Selain itu dengan adanya penanaman tumbuhan atsiri diharapkan mampu mengangkat perekonomian masyarakat Desa Mulawarman dalam pemanfaatan lahan bekas tambang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 418, "width": 329, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar Pemateri dan Peserta Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 446, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 460, "width": 454, "height": 281, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” merupakan wujud kepedulian Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Awang Long, Samarinda dalam menciptakan kesadaran hukum pada masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang agar turut terlibat dalam memanfaatkan lahan bekas tambang. Selain itu, tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk menciptakan kepedulian pada masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang agar lahan bekas tambang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu bentuk penanggulangan dampak lahan tambang dan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Hasil yang didapatkan selama kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” berlangsung adalah meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang untuk berperan aktif meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif akibat tercemarnya lingkungan hidup mereka. Hal ini terlihat dari antusias masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang untuk turut serta terlibat dalam kegiatan sosialisasi hukum melalui penanaman tumbuhan atsiri dalam hal pemanfaatan lahan bekas tambang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 72, "width": 70, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengakuan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 87, "width": 453, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) yang dilakukan oleh Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long, Samarinda merupakan implementasi dan sinergitas lembaga perguruan tinggi bersama masyarakat. Diharapkan hasil dari kegiatan ini mampu memberikan kontribusi kepada masyarakat untuk menjadi acuan bagi para pihak yang berkepentingan terkait “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Ex Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” . Ucapan terimakasih kami sampaikan kepada Ketua Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long, Samarinda yang telah memfasilitasi dan memberikan dukungan pada kegiatan pengabdian ini, serta stakeholder terlibat didalamnya baik akademisi, aparatur pemerintah daerah setempat, serta mahasiswa/i Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long, Samarinda, dan semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu dan memberi kontribusi dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 271, "width": 104, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hardjasoemantri, K. (2017). Hukum Tata Lingkungan. Edisi Ke-8. Jakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 325, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Said, M. (2013). Kebijakan Pertambangan Regulasi Untuk Siapa?\". Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik (JHP), Vol. 3, No.3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Semuel.et.all, R. (2013). Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Pertambangan Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kelurahan Makroman. Jurnal Administratif Reform. Vol.1. No.3.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 417, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sutedi, A. (2012). Hukum Pertambangan. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 440, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yuwono Prianto, e. (2018). Penegakan Hukum Pertambangan Tanpa Izin Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Konservasi Fungsi Lingkungan Hidup. Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Vol. 4, No 1 (2018).", "type": "Text" } ]
2b27aaab-dda3-6e8d-03ba-cc41841f7dd1	http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/BAMME/article/download/7340/4200	[ { "left": 146, "top": 57, "width": 335, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 71, "width": 207, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Number 1, 2021 pp. 45-54 https://dx.doi.org/10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340 e-ISSN 2776-1029, p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 530, "top": 774, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 419, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) relationship to very heavy rain events in Jakarta", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 344, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Anggun Lestari * , M. Syauqi B. Athallah, Yosafat D. Haryanto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 432, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, Jl. Perhubungan I No. 5, Pd. Betung, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 235, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Corresponding E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 545, "width": 73, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 458, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The pressure difference is caused by the difference in radiation received by high latitudes and the equator, causing airflow to move from high pressure to low pressure. There is an increase in convectivity in October-March in the Indonesian region (especially the western part) because the wind pattern blows from the north which carries water vapor after passing through vast warm waters (Moron et al., 2010; Chang et al., 2016). The flow of air from the Northern Hemisphere that passes through the equator is called cross equatorial flow. Previous research explains that cross equatorial flow can be characterized by the dominant wind direction from the north in the equatorial region so it is called cross equatorial northerlu surge (CENS) (Hattori et al., 2011). Cross equatorial flow is seen as a wind direction from northwest to west in the Southern Hemisphere due to the coriolis force (Swarinoto, 1996).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 457, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CENS is a meteorological phenomenon in the form of surface wind flow originating from the South China Sea (SCS) very strongly across the equator. CENS is closely related to the increase in average rainfall in parts of Indonesia (Hattori et al., 2011; Mori et al., 2016; Mori et al., 2018). Strengthening CENS can strengthen the Asian winter monsoon flow which plays a role in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 273, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 227, "top": 272, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 437, "height": 172, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article History Received 15 January 2023 Revised 6 November 2023 Accepted 29 December 2023 CENS is a meteorological phenomenon in the form of surface wind flow originating from the South China Sea (SCS), very strongly across the equator. CENS is closely related to the increase in average rainfall in parts of Indonesia. There has been very heavy rainfall on January 18, 2022 in the Jakarta area which resulted in flooding. Therefore, this study focuses on seeing if there is a CENS relationship that is factor in increasing rainfall in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022. The results showed that the NCS began to form on January 16-17, 2022 with a Siberian High of 1040.6 hPa and the propagation of cold air masses from Asia to the south which was an indicator of CENS. The next day, the CENS phenomenon began to occur, characterized by meridional wind speeds in the 105˚- 115˚BT region of less than -5 m/s. This phenomenon triggers the strengthening of the northeast Asian monsoon flow so that the area south of the equator, including Jakarta, gets a large moisture transport from the SCS. This causes the potential for the formation of high convective clouds to trigger very heavy rain and cause flooding in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 475, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 56, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords CENS NCS Very heavy rain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 114, "height": 100, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite this article: Lestari, T. A., Athallah, M. S. B., Haryanto, Y. D. (2023). Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) relationship to very heavy rain events in Jakarta. Bulletin of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education , 3 (1), 45- 54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "formation of rain in the Indonesian region during the rainy season period from November to March (Yulihastin, 2015). Cross equatorial flow originating from mid-latitudes in the northern hemisphere is an important environmental factor associated with high rainfall in Jakarta (Wu et al. 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 458, "height": 235, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wu et al. (2007) showed that strong northerly wind events strong northerly winds occurred five times over the South China Sea in 2007, and in the South China Sea in 2007, and in the strongest strongest event, the northerly winds blew across the equator and penetrated into the northern part of Java penetrated the northern part of Java Island. This strong flow persisted for more than a week and coincided with the formation of heavy rains that repeatedly caused widespread flooding. Therefore, the strengthening CENS has the potential to cause persistent rainfall. This is as happened in the years that recorded major flood events in Jabodetabek. Based on previous research (Wu et al., 2007; Hattori et al., 2011; Yulihastin et al., 2020) states that CENS is associated with heavy rain events over Java Island. In addition, Van Bemmelen (1922) first conducted research on the diurnal variation of local winds over Jakarta scientifically using hot air balloon observations in 1905-1915 and found a clear land-sea circulation in the lower troposphere showing a dominant northerly sea breeze during the day below 1 km altitude with an opposing southerly flow above and a relatively weak southerly land breeze in reverse during the night to early morning period. Consequently, the land-sea circulation and its relationship with convective activity over Jakarta has been widely studied by Hashiguchi et al. (1995), Hadi et al. (2000, 2002), Renggono et al. (2001), and Araki et al. (2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 457, "height": 206, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several studies examined the relationship between cold surges in the northern South China Sea and convective variations in the equatorial region. Compo et al. (1999) showed a strong correlation between cold surge and convective activity in southern Indonesia using 11 years of data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data. Chang et al. (2003) stated that the environment was a strong cold surge factor in producing the nearequatorial cyclone Vamei in 2001. Chang et al. (2005) examined the long-term variation in convective activity over the Maritime Continent and its relationship with cold surge. The results suggest that a strong cold surge phenomenon can enhance convective activity over the Indo-China Peninsula and northern Sumatra. In addition, one of the problems with previous studies is that there is no uniform quantitative definition of cold surge with definitions varying depending on the purpose of the study. For example, Wu and Chan (1995, 1997) defined cold surge using surface meteorological data as negative temperature anomalies (<2 K), changes in wind direction (>60) and a northerly wind component greater than 8.1 m s1 over Hong Kong (22.4N, 114.1E).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 586, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meanwhile, Compo et al. (1999) stated that a pressure surge using ECMWF reanalysis data as a positive sea level pressure anomaly (>3 hPa) at 15N, 115E. Chang et al. (2005) defined cold surge as a northerly wind component at 925 hPa that averages more than 8 m s1 between 110- 117.5E, 15N. These previous definitions do not take into account the intensity of cold surge in the equatorial region (10S-10N).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 457, "height": 102, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on surface observations from Soekarno Hatta Meteorological Station, rain with an intensity of 150.2 mm/day was recorded. In addition, at the Maritime Meteorological Station recorded 129.5 mm/day and at Meteorological Station 745 Kemayoran recorded 191.8 mm/day. Rainfall intensity criteria based on the Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG, 2010) explains that rainfall intensity >20 mm/hour or >100 mm/day is categorized as very heavy rain. This rainfall is the highest rainfall in Jakarta during the period November 2021-18 January 2022 which has an impact on inundation in 77 RTs out of 30470 RTs in Jakarta with inundation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "heights ranging from 40-85 cm and the number of refugees as many as 1194 people from 310 family cards (BPBD, 2022). Therefore, this research focuses on seeing if there is a CENS relationship that is a factor in increasing rainfall in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 457, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research location is in the DKI Jakarta area on January 18, 2022, with coordinates 5°19' 12\" - 6°23' 54\" LS 106° 22' 42\" - 106° 58' 18\" EAST (See Figure 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 248, "top": 382, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Research location", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 410, "width": 197, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data used in this study are as follows.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Synoptic observation data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 457, "height": 102, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Synoptic observation data is surface weather observation data sent from weather observation stations throughout Indonesia every three hours (Mujiasih, 2011). Synoptic observation data used in this study is the accumulated rainfall (mm) on January 18, 2022, at 00-23 UTC from three meteorological stations namely Soekarno Hatta Meteorological Station, Tanjung Priok Meteorological Station, and 745 Kemayoran Meteorological Station. This data is taken from the BMKG database, BMKGSoft, which is used as verification of very heavy rain events that cause some inundation in parts of Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 573, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ERA-5 reanalysis data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 458, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ERA5 is an ECMWF reanalysis with a resolution of 0.125° x 0.125° which is the fifth generation for global climate and weather for the last 4 to 7 decades. Data are currently available from 1950, with Climate Data Store entries for 1950-1978 (early reanalysis) and from 1959 to the present. This data is retrieved from https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/. The parameters used are Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP), 2m surface temperature, zonal wind speed (U), meridional wind speed (V), and specific humidity (q). This data is used to analyze the effect of CENS on rainfall in Jakarta on January 18, 2022. The analyzed layer is in a representative layer to see atmospheric symptoms without interference from the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere so that each parameter is selected in the layer at 925 mb (Aldrian, 2007). This data is processed using The Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) application to facilitate analysis, Climate Data Operators (CDO) to determine the value of parameters from certain coordinates, and Microsoft Excel to process data from CDO results.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satellite imagery", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The satellite imagery used is the himawari-8 satellite with the IR band every 6 hours on January 17-18, 2022. This image is accessed from the BMKG satellite database. The image is used to determine the presence of rain-producing clouds and the rain rate estimated by the satellite.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 458, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study was conducted by identifying the Northerly Cold Surge (NCS) which is characterized by increased pressure in the Siberian region which causes the flow of air masses to southern Asia and the pressure difference between Gushi and Hong Kong, which is >10 hPa which causes a temperature drop of up to 6°C in Hong Kong. After that, analyzing moisture transport is carried out to determine the effect of CENS on atmospheric dynamics in Jakarta which refers to the method of Zhou and Yu (2005) using the following equation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 244, "width": 284, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑄 = ! \" ∫ 𝑞𝑉 𝑑𝑝 #$ #% (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 458, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "where Q is Water Vapor Transport (kg/m/s), 𝑔 is Earth's Gravitational Acceleration (m/ 𝑠 2), 𝑝𝑠 is Surface Pressure (1000 hPa), 𝑝𝑡 is Pressure at Upper Level (300 hPa), 𝑞 is Specific Humidity (g/kg), 𝑉 is Zonal-Meridional Wind Vector, and 𝑑𝑝 is Pressure Change (hPa). Furthermore, it identifies CENS events that refer to Hattori's (2011) research by looking at north wind speeds of more than 5 m/s that blow in the region between 105˚BT to 115˚BT. In addition, this research also identifies NCS first because this is a precursor to the CENS phenomenon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 375, "width": 127, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Results and discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 391, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of NCS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NCS is an indicator of the occurrence of CENS where NCS is the transmission of cold air masses from high latitudes to the equatorial region. NCS is identified by looking at the increase in air pressure in the Tibetan plateau region commonly known as the Siberian High so that MSLP analysis can be carried out as a cusor of NCS and CENS. Figure 2 shows the MSLP values on January 16-18, 2022 in the Asia, South China Sea, and Indonesia regions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 738, "width": 188, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. MSLP on January 16-18, 2022", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The figure shows that there is a high pressure area in mainland Asia, with a value of 1040 hPa which indicates the presence of a Siberian High, as an indicator of NCS. This allows the formation of CENS. The pressure difference between mainland Asia with high pressure and Australia with lower pressure results in these conditions supporting the strengthening of the Asian monsoon flow moving into the Indonesian region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 485, "width": 262, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. MSLP and temperature values to identify NCS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 724, "width": 173, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Cold air mass propagation", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3 shows a Siberian high of 1040.6 mb on January 16, 2022. It can be said that there is a Siberian High which is the initial precursor of the NCS. In addition, the MSLP difference between Gushi and Hong Kong exceeded 10 hPa on January 17, 2022, which amounted to 10.9 hPa, thus reinforcing that the NCS had formed on that date. Based on this, it is known that the NCS occurred from January 16-17, 2022. The event was also marked by a decrease in temperature in Hong Kong starting from January 16, 2022, due to the movement of the NCS towards the South China Sea. However, the temperature drop is less than 6°C, which is only about 2°C.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In addition, there is the transmission of cold air masses from Asia to the south to latitude 22°8'-22°35'LU which can be seen in Figure 4. NCS is an indication of the occurrence of CENS so it is possible that CENS will occur a few days after NCS is formed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 143, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moisture transport analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moisture transport is one of the most dominant factors that explain CENS can increase rainfall in the region. Therefore, moisture transport analysis was made from January 17-18, 2022 at the single level data layer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 690, "width": 278, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Moisture Transport January 17-18, 2022 (kg/kg)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Figure 5, it can be seen that the formation of CENS began which caused the strengthening of the northeast Asian monsoon flow so that the western part of Indonesia, especially Jabodetabek, received a large supply of water vapor from the South China Sea. In", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "addition, there is also the transmission of cold air masses (NCS) from high latitudes to equatorial regions with the nature of dry air masses that meet with warm air masses in the South China Sea. This allows the formation of fronts in the South China Sea region, increasing the potential for the formation of convective clouds in the area through which it passes. If the flow passes through the equator, the impact can reach the southern equatorial region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of CENS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 458, "height": 58, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the method of Hattori (2011), CENS can be identified when the northerly wind speed at the 925 hPa layer in the region between 105˚BT to 115˚BT is more than 5 m/s or the meridional wind speed is less than -5 m/s. Therefore, the Hovmoller diagram was used to look at the cross- section of time for the average longitude of 105˚-115˚BT from January 17-18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 392, "width": 309, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. Meridional Wind Hovmoller diagram on January 17-18,", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 285, "top": 405, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2022 (m/s).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 748, "width": 351, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 7. Himawari-8 Enhanced Satellite Imagery on January 17-18, 2022.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Figure 6, it can be seen that the CENS phenomenon occurred on January 17-18, 2022 with meridional wind speeds in the 105˚- 115˚BT region less than -5 m/s.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satellite image analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 458, "height": 146, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 7 shows that there is a spread of convective cloud systems in the Greater Jakarta area from January 17, 2022 at 18 UTC resulting in very heavy rain that causes flooding in Jakarta and surrounding areas. The clouds are getting lower in temperature so that there is very strong convection in the Jakarta area, especially on January 18, 2022. The cloud is a mature cloud that shifts from the South to the North (Jakarta) on January 17, 2022 at 12 UTC. There was an expansion of cloud coverage and a decrease in cloud temperature (>-60°c) on January 17, 2022 at 18 UTC to January 18, 2022 at 06 UTC, indicating that convective clouds were very mature and rain occurred. The strengthening of the Asian monsoon flow due to the presence of CENS, thus providing a large supply of water vapor in the Jabodetabek area, the convective cloud system is persistent. The cloud range began to shrink and the cloud temperature began to rise on January 18, 2022 at 12-18 UTC.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 652, "width": 346, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 8. Himawari-8 Satellite Image of Rain Precipitation on January 17- 18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 8 shows the estimated spatial rainfall from Himawari-8 satellite data on January 17- 18, 2022. The movement of air masses triggers the convective cloud system to shift from south to north (Jakarta) so that rain occurs on January 17, 2022 at 18 UTC until January 18, 2022 at 06 UTC in the Jakarta area. The cloud shift also caused a decrease in rainfall in the Jakarta area starting January 18, 2022 at 12 UTC. From the station rainfall data that has been explained in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "background, it shows that there was rain with very heavy intensity on January 17-18, 2022 which resulted in flooding in the Jakarta area as a result of CENS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 123, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results and discussion, it is concluded that.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 154, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- The NCS began to form on January 16-17, 2022 with the presence of a Siberian High of 1040.6 hPa and the propagation of cold air masses from the Asian region to the south which is an indicator of the occurrence of CENS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 199, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Based on the Hattori method (2011), the CENS phenomenon occurred on January 17-18, 2022 with meridional wind speeds in the 105˚- 115˚BT region less than -5 m/s.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 228, "width": 454, "height": 58, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- CENS triggers the strengthening of the northeast Asian monsoon flow so that the area south of the equator including Jakarta gets a large moisture transport from the South China Sea. This causes the potential for the formation of high convective clouds to trigger very heavy rain and cause flooding in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 64, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 457, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aldrian, E., Utama, G.S.A. (2007). Identifikasi dan Karakteristik Seruakan Dingin (Cold Surge) Tahun 1995-2003. Jurnal Sains Dirgantara , 4(2), 107-127.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 457, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Araki R, Yamanaka MD, Murata F, Hashiguchi H, Oku Y, Sribimawati T, Kudsy M, Renggono F. (2006). Seasonal and interannual variations of diurnal cycles of wind and cloud activity observed at Serpong, west Jawa, Indonesia. 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09a019bd-f4df-1565-fa05-1b43d625266c	https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/riwayah/article/download/1234/1098	[ { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "179", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 64, "top": 150, "width": 317, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "TAUBAT DAN ISTIG { FA > R DALAM HADIS NABI:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 171, "width": 146, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sebuah Kajian Tematik", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 171, "top": 209, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 231, "width": 176, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "UIN Walisongo Semarang Jawa Tengah [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 289, "width": 37, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 308, "width": 287, "height": 90, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan istigfar adalah dua kata yang melekat. Taubat merupakan maqa > m atau jenjang spiritual terpenting dalam rangka mengarungi bahtera spiritual untuk taqarrub ila > Alla > h. Rasulullah tiap hari beristigfar, memohon ampun kepada Allah, 70 hingga 100 kali, siang ataupun malam hari. Taubat akan diterima oleh Allah, selama yang bersangkutan belum mati. Dan dengan beristigfar, seseorang akan mendapatkan kemuliaan dunia akhirat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 404, "width": 152, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kata kunci: Taubat, Istigfa > r, Maqa > m", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 446, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pendahuluan A.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 464, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adalah sebuah keniscayaan yang tidak dapat dihindari, bahwa manusia, sebagai makhluk sosial, selalu berinteraksi dan berhubungan dengan sesama manusia lainnya, untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Dalam perjalanannya, sengaja atau tidak sengaja, seseorang pasti melakukan kesalahan dan dosa terhadap sesamanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 550, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Demikian halnya, sebagai seorang makhluk yang wajib mematuhi peraturan dan syari’at yang telah digariskan oleh sang Khaliq, juga tidak akan lepas dari dosa dan kesalahan terhadap- Nya. Dan dapat dipastikan, tidak ada seorang manusia yang luput", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "180", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 72, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dari dosa dan salah. Karena manusia adalah tempat dosa dan lupa. Namun, meminjam istilah H. Rhoma Irama dalam ‘kehilangan tongkat’-nya, “ Orang yang baik bukan yang tidak pernah melakukan kesalahan, tapi yang menyadari kesalahannya dan memperbaikinya .” Atau dengan kata lain, sebaik-baik orang yang bersalah adalah mereka yang mau bertaubat dan memohon ampun pada Allah Swt.. Sebagaimana sabda Nabi saw.:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 177, "width": 266, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 )يذمترلاو هجام نبا هاور( نوباولتا ينئاطلخا يرخو ءاطخ مدآ نيب كل", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 203, "width": 300, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Setiap bani adam adalah makhluk yang banyak melakukan kesalahan. Dan sebaik-baiknya orang yang bersalah adalah mereka yang bertaubat’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah dan at-Tirmidzî)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 248, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bahkan dalam hadis di bawah ini, lebih jelas lagi, dimana manusia pasti melakukan dosa dan kesalahan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "للها نورفغتسيف نوبنذي موقب ءالجو مكب للها بهلذ اوبنذت مل ول هديب سيفن يلذاو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 303, "width": 114, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2 )هيرغو ملسم هاور( مله رفغيف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 329, "width": 300, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Demi Dzat, yang diriku berada dalam kekuasaan-Nya, andai kalian semua tidak berbuat dosa, niscaya Allah akan menghilangkan kalian, dan mendatangkan sebuah kaum yang melakukan perbuatan dosa, kemudian mereka memohon ampun pada Allah. Maka Allah pun mengampuni mereka’.” (H.R. Muslim dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 399, "width": 320, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Oleh karena itu, taubat dan istigfa > r (memohon ampun kepada Allah) merupakan dua hal penting yang tidak dapat diabaikan dalam rangka menempuh perjalanan spiritual menuju Allah. Kedua kata tersebut saling terkait. Tulisan ini akan mencoba", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 466, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 Abû ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Yazîd al-Qazwînî Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibn Ma > jah , Kitâ > b Zuhud, Bâ > b Zikr at-Taubah, ditahqîq oleh Muhammad Fu’âd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, (Bairut : Dâr al-Fikr, t.t.), hadis no. 4251, II: 1420; Abû ‘Îsâ Muhammad Ibn ‘Îsâ Ibn Sawrah al-Tirmidzî (W. 297 H), al-Ja > mi‘ as-S { ahi > h wa Huwa Sunan at- Tirmiz \\ î , ditahqîq oleh Mahmû > d Muhammad Mahmû > d Hasan Nashshâr, Kitâb al-Shifât al-Qiyâmah, cet. ke-1, (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2000), bâb ke XXXXIX, no. hadis 2499, VII: 382", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2 Abû al-Husayn Muslim Ibn al-Hajjâj Ibn Muslim al-Qusyayrî an- Naysâbûrî (204-261 H), S { ahi > h Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Suqût { az-Zunûb bi al- Istighfâr tawbah , , (Indonesia : Maktabah Dâr Ihyâ’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, t.t.), II: 491; hadis senada juga dapat dilihat dalam at-Tirmidzî, ibid., Kitâ > b ad-Da‘awâ > t, , no. hadis 3539, IV: 386", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "181", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 72, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "membahas taubat dan istigfar dalam perspektif hadis Nabi secara tematik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 111, "width": 84, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pembahasan B.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 129, "width": 321, "height": 226, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pengertian 1. Taubat dan Istigfa > r Kata taubat ( ةبوت ) merupakan bentuk mas } dar dari kata kerja ta > ba ( بات ) . Selain kata taubat , kata kerja ta > ba masih mempunyai bentuk mas}dar yang lain, yaitu tauban ( ابوت ) , mata > ban ( اباتم ) , ta > batan ( ةبات ) , dan tatwibatan ( ةبوتت ). Secara etimologis, kata tersebut dapat berarti kembali ( عوجرلا ) atau menyesal ( مدنلا ). Secara terminologis, taubat berarti kembali dari perbuatan maksiat atau dosa menuju taat kepada Allah; dan menyesali semua perbuatan dosa yang telah dilakukannya. Dan orang yang taubat disebut at-ta > ’ib ( بئاتلا ). Karenanya, seorang ta > ’ib adalah orang yang kembali dari sifat- sifat tercela menuju sifat-sifat yang terpuji; orang yang kembali dari sesuatu yang dilarang Allah menuju apa yang diperintahkan- Nya; orang yang kembali dari sesuatu yang dibenci Allah menuju sesuatu yang diridlai-Nya; atau orang yang kembali kepada Allah setelah berpisah, menuju taat kepada-Nya, setelah melakukan pelanggaran atau kedurhakaan ( al-mukha > lafa > t ). 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 358, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dari pengertian di atas, taubat dapat memberi pengertian dari dua sisi, yaitu : dari sisi manusia, dimana manusia kembali kepada Allah setelah melakukan maksiat dan dosa; dan dari sisi Allah, dimana Allah memberi rahmat dan taufîq - Nya, agar manusia dapat kembali menaati-Nya, yang pada akhirnya Allah akan menerima taubat dari hamba-hamba-Nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 442, "width": 321, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan kata istigfar ( رافغتسا )merupakan bentuk mas} dar dari kata kerja istag { fara ( رفغتسا ) , dan berasal dari bentuk kata kerja s \\ ulasi g { afara ( رفغ ) . Secara etimologis, kata g { afara dapat berarti menutupi ( ىطغ,رتس ) atau mengampuni dan memaafkan ( وفعلا ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 514, "width": 321, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "3 Jamâl ad-Dîn Muhammad Ibn Mukarram al-Anshârî Ibn Manzhûr, Lisân al-‘Arab, (Mesir : al-Mu’assasah al-Mishriyyah al-Âmmah, t.t.), I: 226-227; Majd ad-Dîn Muhammad Ibn Ya‘qûb al-Fayrûzâbâdî, al-Qâmûs al-Muhîth, (Bairut : Dâr al-Jîl, t.t.), I: 41; Muhammad Ibn ‘Alân ash-Shiddîqî al-Syâfi‘î al-Asy‘arî al-Makkî (W. 1057 H), Kitâb Dalîl al-Fâlihîn li T}uruq Riya > d } as } -S } âlihîn , cet. Ke-5 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kitâb al-‘Arabî, 1985) I: 87; lihat juga Muh. In’amuzzahidin, Reaktualisasi Pengamalan Maqamat Dalam Tasawuf untuk Pelestarian Lingkungan , Penelitian Individual, (Semarang : IsDB UIN Walisongo, 2014), hlm. 47-49", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "182", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan istig}fâ > r sendiri berarti memohon ampun atau mohon ditutupi dosanya. Secara terminologis, istigfâ > r berarti memohon ampun kepada Allah atas dosa yang diperbuat seseorang. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 118, "width": 320, "height": 237, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Menurut para ulama’, taubat dari segala dosa adalah wajib. Baik dosa itu berupa dosa kecil atau dosa besar, baik yang nampak atau tidak (seperti penyakit hati riyâ’ , ‘ ujub dan lain-lain). Jika maksiat atau dosa itu terjadi hanya antara manusia dan Allah saja, tidak berhubungan dengan hak manusia, maka taubat -nya harus memenuhi 3 syarat, yaitu : a) menyesali semua prilaku yang menyimpang dari syara‘ yang telah diperbuat, karena mencari ridla Allah; b) meninggalkan kesalahan dalam tingkahnya; dan c) bertekad untuk tidak mengulangi perbuatan maksiatnya. Namun, jika taubat -nya berkaitan dengan hak manusia, masih harus ada satu syarat lagi, yaitu menyelesaikan haknya pada orang yang bersengketa tadi. Jika ia menzhalimi hartanya, maka ia harus mengembalikan barang yang dizhalimi kepada pemiliknya, atau meminta pembebasan tanggungan pada yang bersangkutan. Jika hak itu berupa had qaz \\ af (hukuman menuduh zina) atau sejenisnya, maka ia harus menjalankan atau meminta maaf kepada yang bersangkutan. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 359, "width": 320, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Mayoritas ulama’ berpendapat, taubat adalah awal dan akhir dari setiap maqâ > m (jenjang spiritual) , bahkan ia selalu bersama atau menyertai setiap maqâ > m . 6 Barang siapa tidak ber- taubat , maka ia tidak akan memperoleh maqâ > m tertentu. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 430, "width": 320, "height": 167, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "4 Ibn Manzhûr, ibid., VI: 329-330; al-Fayrûzâbâdî, ibid., II: 106; lihat juga Sayyid Shiddîq ‘Abd al-Fattâh, Jawâmi‘ al-Istighfârât al-Kubrâ , cet. Ke-2 (Kairo : ad-Dâr al-Mashriyyah al-Lunnâniyyah, 1993), hlm. 57 5 Syaykh Ibrâhîm Ibn Muhammad al-Bayjûrî, Tuhfat al-Murîd, Syarh Jawharat al-Tawhîd, cet. Ke-1 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1983), hlm. 196- 197; Abû Zakariyâ Yahyâ Ibn Syaraf an-Nawawî ad-Dimasyqî (631-676 H), Riyâdl as}-S{âlihîn, ditahqîq dan ditakhriîj oleh ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Rabâh dan Ahmad Yûsuf ad-Daqâq, (Riyadl : Dâr al-Salâm, 1991), hlm. 24-25; Abû al-Qâsim ‘Abd al-Karîm Ibn Hawâzin al-Naysâbûrî al-Qusyayrî, ar-Risâlah al-Qusyayriyyah, dita‘lîq oleh ‘Abd al-Halîm Mahmûd, ditahqîq oleh ‘Abd al-Karîm al-‘Athâ, (Bairut : Dâr al- Khair, t.t.) , hlm. 168. 6 Abû ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Abî Bakar Ibn Ayyûb Ibn Qayyim al- Jawziyyah, Madârij al-Sâlikîn, cet. Ke-2 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1988), I: 149", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 598, "width": 292, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "7 Abû Najîb ‘Abd al-Qâhir Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Muhammad al-Suhrawardî", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "183", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 72, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan hakikat taubat itu sendiri, para ulama’ berselisih pendapat. Bagi al-Qusyairî (376-465 H), taubat merupakan tingkatan pertama bagi orang-orang yang menempuh jalan spiritual ( as-sâ > likî > n ). Taubat diartikan dengan kembali dari sesuatu yang tercela dalam syara’ menuju sesuatu yang terpuji. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 144, "width": 321, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedang Z \| u > an-Nu > n al-Mis } rî (W. 245 H) ketika ditanya tentang taubat , dia menyatakan, taubat orang awam disebabkan oleh perbuatan dosa, dan taubat orang khawwâ > s} lahir dari kelalaian. Baginya, orang yang ber- taubat adalah orang yang benar-benar menyesal atas segala perbuatan dosa yang telah dilakukannya. Oleh karena itu, istigfar, tanpa dibarengi dengan usaha menghentikan perbuatan dosanya, sama saja dengan taubat seorang pendusta. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 259, "width": 321, "height": 139, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adapun perbedaan antara taubat dan istig { fa > r adalah sangat tipis sekali. Sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Yusuf al-Qardlawi, jika disebutkan secara terpisah atau sendiri-sendiri, istig { fa > r yang hakiki adalah mencakup taubat, sebagaimana taubat juga mencakup istig { fa >> r. Dimana satu istilah masuk dalam pengertian lainnya. Namun, jika keduanya disertakan dalam satu kalimat, maka makna istig { fa > r adalah memohon perlindungan dari akibat dosa yang lampau, sedang makna taubat adalah kembali dan memohon perlindungan dari akibat keburukan yang dikhawatirkan akan muncul di masa yang akan datang. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 402, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalânî (773-852 H) menjelaskan, bahwa istig { fa >> r adalah memohon ampunan, baik dilakukan dengan lisan, hati, atau dengan kedua-duanya. Istig { fa > r yang dilakukan hanya sebatas dengan lisan saja adalah bermanfaat. Karena perbuatan itu lebih baik daripada diam, dan dapat membawa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 490, "width": 321, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "(W. 632 H), ‘Awârif al-Ma‘ârif, dalam Ihyâ’ ‘Ulûm al-Dîn, (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyyah, t. t.), V: 303; Bandingkan dengan Syaykh Muhammad Amîn al-Kurdî al-Irbilî, Kitâb Tanwîr al-Qulûb fî Mu‘âmalah ‘Allâm al-Ghuyûb, (Indonesia : Dâr Ihyâ’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, t.t.), hlm. 418 8 Al-Qusyayrî, loc. cit. ; bandingkan dengan Abû Nashr as-Sarrâj ath-Thûsî (W. 378 H/788 M), al-Luma‘, ditakhrîj oleh ‘Abd al-Halîm Mahmûd dan Thaha ‘Abd al-Bâqî Surûr, (Mesir : Dâr al-kutub al-Hadîs \\ ah, 1960), hlm. 68. 9 Al-Qusyayrî, ibid., hlm. 173. 10 Yusuf al-Qardhawi, Taubat, ( al-Taubah ilâ Allâh ), terj . Kathur Suhardi, (Jakarta : Pustaka al-Kautsar, 1998), hlm. 54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "184", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 209, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "kebiasaan ucapan baik. Sedang istig { fa > r dengan hati lebih bermanfaat, dan istig { fa > r dengan keduanya jauh lebih bermanfaat. Hanya saja, usaha ini – istig { fa > r dengan lisan dan hati – sia-sia belaka, tidak dapat menghapus dosa-dosa yang telah dilakukan, kecuali jika ada taubat . Karenanya, orang yang terus-menerus melakukan tindak maksiat dan meminta mag { firah Allah, bukan berarti ia telah mengimplementasikan taubat . Sehingga dari sisi penggunaan katanya, makna istig { fa > r tidak semakna dengan taubat . Akan tetapi, pada umumnya, banyak orang mengatakan, bahwa kalimat astag { firulla > h, bermakna taubat . Barang siapa punya keyakinan seperti itu, berarti ungkapan istig { fa > r adalah perwujudan taubat . Dan sebagian ulama’ ada yang berpendapat, bahwa taubat tidak akan sempurna, kecuali dengan istig { fa > r, sebagaimana tercamtum dalam surat Hûd ayat 90. 11 Namun pendapat yang masyhur adalah tidak ada persyaratan seperti itu. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 286, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Masih berkaitan dengan persoalan taubat dan istig}fa > r, Imam al-Nawawî ad-Dimasyqî (631-676 H) menjelaskan, bahwa menurut ar-Rabî‘ Ibn Khaitsam ra., seseorang hendaknya jangan mengatakan astagfirulla > ha wa atu > bu ilaih ( هيلا بوتأاو هللا رفغتسا ) (aku mohon ampun kepada Allah dan bertaubat kepada-Nya) , karena ucapan itu bisa menyebabkan dosa dan melahirkan perbuatan bohong, ketika ia tidak melakukannya. Namun, hendaknya ia mengatakan alla > hummagfir lî > wa tub ‘alaiyya ( يلع بتو يلرفغا مهللا ) (ya Allah, ampunilah aku, dan terimalah taubatku).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 415, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Menurut Imam Nawawî sendiri, ucapan alla > hummag { fir lî > wa tub ‘alaiyya adalah baik. Hanya saja, dia tidak sependapat, jika ucapan astagfirulla > h menimbulkan kebohongan. Karena makna astagfirulla > h adalah memohon ampunan kepada Allah, dan tidak ada kebohongan di sana. Hal ini didasarkan pada satu hadis Nabi yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mas‘ûd, yang menyatakan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 505, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "رف دق نكا ناو لهرفغ هليا بوتأو مويقلا حيلا وه لاا لهالا يلذا للها رفغتسا : لاق نم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 319, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "11 Artinya : “dan mintalah ampun pada Tuhan kalian dan tawbatlah pada-Nya.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 574, "width": 320, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "12 Ahmad Ibn ‘Alî Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalânî (773-852 H), Fath { al-Bârî , ditakhrîj dan ditahqîq oleh Muhib ad-Dîn al-Khathîb, Kitâb al-Tawhîd, (Kairo : al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyah, t.t.), XIII: 480.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "185", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 76, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "13 )دواد وبأ هاور( فحزلا نم", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 99, "width": 321, "height": 168, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bagi Ibn Hajar, apa yang dikatakan oleh Imam Nawawî, dalam menyanggah pendapat al-Rabî‘ Ibn Khaitsam dengan menggunakan hadis di atas, perlu dipertimbangkan lagi. Karena, jika hanya melihat teks مويقلا يحلا وه الا هلاال يذلا هللا رفغتسا , maka pendapat Nawawî memang benar. Tapi yang menjadi titik perhatian ar-Rabî‘ Ibn Khaitsam sebagai kedustaan adalah kata هيلا بوتأاو . Yakni ketika seseorang mengucapkannya, namun ia tidak benar-benar ber- taubat . Sehingga menurut Ibn Hajar, ada kemungkinan seseorang mengucapkannya dan melakukan syarat- syarat taubat , dan boleh jadi yang dimaksudkan ar-Rabî‘ adalah paduan dua lafazh itu, tidak semata pada lafazh astaghfirullâh. Sehingga semua perkataannya dianggap benar. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 273, "width": 321, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis tentang 2. Taubat dan Istigfa > r Taubat dari perbuatan dosa yang dilakukan oleh seorang mukmin, dalam perjalanannya menuju Allah merupakan kewajiban beragama yang tidak mungkin dihindari. Karena hal tersebut diperintahkan oleh al-Qur’an al-Karim dan dianjurkan oleh Sunnah Nabawi. Semua ulama pun menyepakatinya, baik ulama Zhahiriyyah, Bathiniyyah, fiqih maupun pemerhati perilaku. 15 Karena pentingnya ilmu tentang taubat ini, yang berhubungan erat dengan istig { fa > r, penulis akan mengabstraksikan sebagian hadis-hadis Nabi yang berkaitan dengan keduanya, yang penulis anggap penting dan representatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 436, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نحمرلا دبع نب ةملس وبأ نيبرخا لاق يرهزلا نع بيعش انبرخا نامليا وبا انثدح)1(", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 478, "width": 320, "height": 95, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "13 Artinya : “Barang siapa yang berkata astaghfirullâh alladzi lâ ilâha illâ huwa al-hay al-qayyûm wa atûbu ilayh, maka ia telah diampuni, meskipun telah melarikan diri dari medan peperangan.” (HR. Abû Dâwud) Abû Dâwud Sulaymân Ibn al-Asy‘ats al-Sijistânî (W. 275 H), Sunan Abî Dâwud , Kitâb al- Shalâh, ditahqîq oleh Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz al-Khâlidî, Kitâb al-Shalâh, Bâb fî al-Istighfâr , cet. Ke-1 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1996), no. hadis 1517, I: 445; Muhyî al-Dîn Abî Zakariyâ Yahyâ Ibn Syaraf an-Nawawî ad-Dimasyqî asy- Syâfi‘î (631-676 H), al-Adzkâr al-Muntakhabah min Kalâm Sayyid al-Abrâr , (Bairut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 574, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.), hlm. 361.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 586, "width": 153, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "14 Ibn Hajar, Fathl- Bari, XIII: 480. 15 Yusuf al-Qardhawi, Taubah..., hlm. 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "186", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "للهارفغتسلا نيا للهاو لوقي ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر تعمس ةريره وبأ لاق لاق", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 97, "width": 235, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "16 ) هريغو يراخبلا هاور ( ةرم ينعبس نم ثركا موليا في هليا بوتاو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 123, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Abû al-Yamân telah menceritakan pada kami, Syu‘ayb telah memberi khabar pada kami, dari az-Zuhrî, ia berkata : Abû Salamah Ibn ‘Abd ar- Rahmân telah memberi khabar padaku, dia berkata : Abû Hurairah berkata : saya mendengar Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘demi Allah, sesungguhnya aku meminta ampun pada Allah dan bertaubat pada-Nya lebih dari tujuh puluh kali dalam sehari’.” (H.R. Al-Bukhârî dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 209, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "حيي لاق داحم نع اعيجم كىتعلا عيبرلا وبأو ديعس نب ةبيتقو حيي نب حيي انثدح )2( وسر نا ةبحص له تنكاو نيزلما رغلاا نع ةدرب بيا نع تباث نع ديز نب داحم انبرخا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 251, "width": 307, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "17 ) هريغو ملسم هاور ( ةرم ةئام موليا في للها رفغتسلا نياو بيلق ناغلي هنا :لاق للها ل", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 277, "width": 300, "height": 91, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Yahya Ibn Yahya, Qutaybah Ibn Sa‘îd dan Abû Rabî‘ al-‘Atakî telah menceritakan pada kami dari Hammâd. Yahya berkata, Hammâd Ibn Zayd memberi khabar pada kami, dari Tsâbit, dari Abû Burdah, dari al-Aghar al-Mazanî, yang mempunyai status sahabat, sesungguhnya Rasulullah bersabda : ‘sesungguhnya hatiku sedang lupa, dan sesungguhnya aku memohon ampun (ber-istigfa > r) pada Allah seratus kali dalam sehari’.” (H.R. Muslim dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نيثدح )بابخ( بانج وبا يركب نب دليولا انث يرمن نب للها دبع نب دممح انثدح)3( دبع نب رباج نع بيسلما نب ديعس نع ديز نب ليع نع يودعلا دممح نب للها دبع لبق للها لىا اوبوت ! سالنا اهيااي لاقف ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر انبطخ لاق للها", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 437, "width": 263, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "18 ) هجام نبا هاور ( اولـغشت نا لبق ةلحاصلا لامعلااب اوردابو اوتومت نا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 466, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "16 Abû ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Ismâ‘îl al-Bukhârî, Matan al-Bukhârî,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 478, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kitâb al-Da‘awât, Bâb Afdlal al-Istighfâr, (Semarang : Maktabah Usaha Keluarga, t.t.) IV: 99; lihat juga Ibn Mâjah, op. cit., Kitâb al-Adâb, Bâb al-Istighfâr, no. hadis 3815, II: 1254; Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Hanbal (164-241 H), al-Musnad Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Hanbal, disyarah oleh Ahmad Muhammad Syâkir, (Bairut : Dâr al-Jîl, 1994), no. hadis 7780, XXIV: 205.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 538, "width": 320, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "17 Muslim, Ibid., Kitâb az-Zikr wa ad-Du‘â’ wa at-Taubah wa al-Istighfâr, Bâb Istihbâb al-Istighfâr wa al-Istiktsâr minhu, II: 474; lihat juga Ibn Majah, ibid. no. hadis 3816; Abû Dâwud, Sunan Abu Dawud. , Kitâb as}-S}alâh, Bâb fî al-Istighfâr , no. hadis 1515, hlm. 445. 18 Ibn Mâjah, ibid., bâ > b Fi Fard { al-Jum‘ah, Kitâ > b Iqâ > mat as { -S { alâ > t wa as-Sunnah Fîhâ , no. hadis 1081, I: 343.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 74, "width": 301, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Numayr telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Walîd Ibn Bukair – Abu > Janna > b (Khabba > b) – telah menceritakan pada kami, ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Muhammad al-‘Adawî telah menceritakan padaku, dari ‘Alî Ibn Zayd, dari Sa‘i > d Ibn al-Musyyab, dari Jâbir Ibn ‘Abd Allâh berkata : Rasulullah Saw. meng-khutbahi kami, seraya bersabda : ‘wahai manusia ! taubatlah kalian semua kepada Allah sebelum kalian mati. Bergegaslah melaksanakan amal shalih sebelum kalian sibuk......’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 188, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "بيأ نع ةرم نب ورمع نع ةبعش نع ردنغ انثدح ةبيش بيأ نب ركب وبأ انثدح)4( رمع نبا ثديح ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا باحصا نم نكاو رغلأا تعمس لاق ةدرب موليا في بوتأ نياف للها لىا اوبوت سالنا اهيأي ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 250, "width": 100, "height": 19, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "19 ) ملسم هاور ( ةرم ةئام هليا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 276, "width": 300, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Abû Bakar Ibn Abî Syaybah telah menceritakan pada kami, Ghandar telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Syu‘bah, dari ‘Amr Ibn Murrah, dari Abî Burdah berkata : saya mendengar al-Aghar – termasuk salah satu sahabat Nabi Saw. – berbincang-bincang dengan Ibn ‘Umar, seraya dia berkata, Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘wahai manusia, taubatlah kalian semua pada Allah. Karena sesungguhnya aku taubat pada-Nya seratus kali sehari’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 375, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نع دانز بيأ نع ةيرغلما انثدح بينعقلا بنعق نب ةملسم نب للها دبع نيثدح)5( ةبوتب احرف دشا لله ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق ةريره بيأ نع جارعلاا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 417, "width": 231, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "20 ) هريغو ملسم هاور ( اهدجو اذا هلتاضب مكدحا نم مكدحأ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 443, "width": 300, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“‘Abdullah Ibn Maslamah Ibn Qa‘nab al-Qa‘nabî telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Mughîrah telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Abî Zinâd, dari al- A‘raj, dari Abû Hurairah berkata : Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘sungguh Allah sangat bahagia dengan taubat seseorang, dibanding kebahagiaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 514, "width": 320, "height": 95, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "19 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâ > b az-Zikr wa ad-Du‘â’ wa at-Taubah wa al- Istighfâr, Bâb Istih { bâ > b al-Istighfâr wa al-Istiktsâr minhu , II: 474. 20 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Fî al-Hadl ‘alâ at-Taubah wa al-Farah Bihâ , II: 490; Ibn Hanbal, op. cit., no. hadis 8177, XXVI: 79; hadis senada juga dapat dilihat dalam Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitâb az-Zuhd, Bâb Zikr al-Taubah, no. hadis 4277, II: 1419; at-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitâb ad-Da‘awât, no. hadis 3538, IV: 386; dan hadis semakna juga dapat dilihat di Bukhârî, Sahih Bukhari., Kitâb ad-Da‘awât, Bâb at-Taubah, IV: 99", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "188", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "seseorang yang menemukan barangnya yang hilang’.” (H.R. Muslim dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 320, "height": 79, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "بيأ نع ملسأ نب ديز نيثدح ةسريم نب صفح انثدح ديعس نب ديوس نيثدح)6( و زع للها لاق لاق هنا ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر نع ةريره بيأ نع حلاص نم هدبع ةبوتب حرفا لله للها و نيركذي ثيح هعم انأو بي يدبع نظ دنع انأ لج ليا برقت نم و عاارذ هليا تبرقت ابرش ليا برقت نمو ةلافلاب هلتاض ديج مكدحا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 190, "width": 281, "height": 19, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "21 ) ملسم هاور ( لورهأ هليا تلبقأ شيمي ليا لبقا اذاو عااب هليا تبرقت عاارذ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 216, "width": 300, "height": 142, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Suwayd Ibn Sa‘îd telah menceritakan padaku, Hafsh Ibn Maysarah telah menceritakan pada kami, Zayd Ibn Aslam telah menceritakan padaku, dari Abî Shâlih, dari Abû Hurairah, dari Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : Allah azza wa jalla berfirman : ‘Saya berada dalam persangkaan hamba-Ku terhadap- Ku, dan Aku besertanya selama dia mengingat-Ku. Demi Allah, Allah lebih senang dengan taubat hamba-Nya, daripada kesenangan salah seorang di antara kalian yang memperoleh kembali hewannya yang hilang di hamparan tanah. Siapa yang mendekat pada-Ku sejengkal, Aku mendekat kepadanya sehasta. Siapa yang mendekat kepada-Ku sehasta, Aku mendekat kepadanya sedepa. Jika dia datang kepadaku dengan berjalan, Aku datang kepadanya dengan berlari-lari kecil’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 367, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "لداخ نبا بيهو انث شىاقرلا للها دبع نب دممح انث مىرالدا ديعس نب دحما انثدح)7( للها لوسر لاق لاق هيبأ نع للها دبع نب ةديبع بيأ نع ميركلا دبع نع رمعم انث", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 409, "width": 188, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "22 ) هجام نبا هاور (له بنذ لا نمك بنلذا نم بئالتا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 435, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ahmad Ibn Sa‘îd ad-Darimî telah menceritakan pada kami, Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd Allâh ar-Raqâsyî telah menceritakan pada kami, Wahayb Ibn Khâlid telah menceritakan pada kami, Ma‘mar telah menceritakan pada kami, dari ‘Abd al-Karîm, dari Abû ‘Abîdah Ibn ‘Abd Allâh, dari ayahnya, berkata : Rasulullah bersabda : ‘orang yang bertaubat dari perbuatan dosa, adalah seperti orang yang tidak mempunyai dosa’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 521, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ميرم بيأ نب دايز نع يرزلجا ميركلا دبع نب نايفس انثرامع نب ماشهانثدح)8(", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 562, "width": 319, "height": 47, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "21 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Fî al-Hadl ‘alâ at-Taubah wa al-Farah Bihâ , II: 489-490 22 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitâb az-Zuhd, Bâb Zikr at-Taubah, no. hadis 4250, II: 1419", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "189", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 75, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "مدلنا للها لوسر لاق لوقي هتعمسف للها دبع على بيأ عم تلخد :لاق لقعم نبا نع", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 97, "width": 299, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "23 )هجام نبا هاور(معن لاق ؟ ةبوت مدلنا لوقي بيلنا تعمس تنا بيأ له لاقف ةبوت", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 123, "width": 300, "height": 90, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Hisyâm Ibn ‘Ammâr telah menceritakan pada kami, Sufyân Ibn ‘Abd al- Karîm al-Jazarî telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Ziyâd Ibn Abî Maryam, dari Ibn Ma‘qal berkata : saya berserta ayah masuk ke (rumah) ‘Abd Allâh. Kemudian saya mendengarnya berkata, bahwa Rasulullah bersabda : ‘penyesalan merupakan (bagian) taubat.’ Lalu ayahku bertanya padanya, apakah kamu mendengar Nabi bersabda, bahwa penyesalan adalah taubat ? ‘Abd Allâh menjawab : ya.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 222, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نع هيبأ نع نابوث نبا نع ملسم نب دليولا انئابنأ ليمرلا ديعس نب دشار انثدح)9( ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع ورمع نب للها دبع نع يرفن نب يربج نع لوحكم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 264, "width": 278, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "24 ) هريغو هجام نبا هاور ( رغرغي ملام دبعلا ةبوت لبقلي لج و زع للها نا لاق", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 290, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Râsyid Ibn Sa‘îd ar-Ramlî telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Walîd Ibn Muslim telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Ibn Tsauban, dari ayahnya, dari Makhûl, dari Jubayr Ibn Nufayr, dari ‘Abd Allâh Ibn ‘Amr, dari Nabi Saw. Bersabda : ‘sesungguhnya Allah azza wa jalla akan menerima taubat seseorang, selama ajal belum sampai pada tenggorokan’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 376, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "بيأ نع نييرس نب دممح نع ناسح نب ماشه نع ميهاربا نب ليعامسا انثدح)10( نم سمشلا علطت نا لبق بات نم ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق ةريره", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 418, "width": 133, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "25 ) ملسم هاور ( هيلع للها بات اهبرغم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 444, "width": 301, "height": 64, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ismâ ‘îl Ibn Ibrâhîm telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Hisyâm Ibn Hisân, dari Muhammad Ibn Sîrîn, dari Abû Hurairah berkata, Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘Barang siapa bertaubat sebelum matahari terbit dari tempat peraduannya (barat), niscaya Allah akan menerima taubatnya’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 517, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نع ناقرب نب رفعج انث ةيواعم وبا انث نييدلما بس كا نب ديحم نب بوقعي انثدح)11(", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 550, "width": 318, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "23 Ibid., no. hadis 4252. 24 Ibid., no. hadis 4253; lihat juga at-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitâb ad- Da‘awât, no. hadis 3537, IV: 385. 25 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb az-Zikr wa ad-Du‘â’ wa at-Taubah wa al- Istighfâr, Bâ > b Istihbâ > b al-Istighfâ > r wa al-Istiktsâr minhu, II: 475.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "190", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "تىح مت ءاطخا ول لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع ةريره بيا نع مصلاا نب ديزي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 97, "width": 238, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "26 ) هجام نبا هاور (مكيلع بالت متبت مث ءامسلا مكاياطخ غلبت", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 123, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ya’qûb Ibn Humayd Ibn Kâsib al-Madînî telah menceritakan pada kami, Abû Mu‘âwiyah telah menceritakan pada kami, Ja‘far Ibn Burqân telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Yazîd Ibn al-Asham, dari Abû Hurairah, dari Nabi Saw. bersabda : ‘andai kalian berbuat salah hingga kesalahan kalian mencapai (ketinggian) langit, kemudian kalian bertaubat, niscaya Allah akan menerima taubat kalian’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 209, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "لاق ةرم نب ورمع نع ةبعش انثدح رفعج نب دممح انثدح نيثلما نب دممح انثدح)12( للها نا لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع سىوم بيأ نع ثديح ةديبع ابأ تعمس ليللا ئسم بوتلي راهلناب هدي طسبيو راهلنا ئسم بوتلي ليللاب هدي طسبي لجو زع", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 271, "width": 167, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "27 ) ملسم هاور ( اهبرغم نم سمشلا علطت تىح", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 297, "width": 300, "height": 116, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Muhammad Ibn al-Matsanî telah menceritakan pada kami, Muhammad Ibn Ja‘far telah menceritakan pada kami, Syu‘bah telah menceritakan pada kami, dari ‘Amr Ibn Murrah berkata : saya mendengar Abû ‘Ubaydah menceritakan dari Abû Mûsâ, dari Nabi Saw. bersabda : ‘Sesungguhnya Allah azza wa jalla membentangkan Tangan-Nya pada malam hari untuk mengampuni pelaku kejahatan pada siang hari, dan membentangkan Tangan-Nya pada siang hari untuk mengampuni pelaku kejahatan pada malam hari, hingga matahari terbit dari tempat peraduannya’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 422, "width": 320, "height": 119, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نب للها دبع نب قاحسا نع ةملس نب داحم انثدح داحم نب علىلأا دبع نيثدح)13( و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع ةريره بيا نع ةرمع بيأ نب نحمرلا دبع نع ةحلط بيأ لاقف بينذ ليرفغا للهمأ لاقف ابنذ يدبع بنذأ لاق لجو زع هبر نع كييح اميف ملس دعا مث بن لذاب ذخأيو بنلذا رفغي ابر له نأ ملعف ابنذ يدبع بنذأ لىاعت و كرابت له نأ ملعف ابنذ بنذأ يدبع لىاعت و كرابت لاقف بينذ لي رفغا بر يأ لاقف بنذأف كرابت لاقف بينذ لي رفغا بر يأ لاقف بنذأف دعا مث بنلذاب ذخأيو بنلذا رفغي ابر", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 562, "width": 319, "height": 47, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "26 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitâb al-Zuhd, Bâ > b Zikr at-Taubah , no. hadis 4248, II: 1419. 27 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Qubû > l at-Taubah Min az- Zunûb wa in Takarrarat az-Zunûb wa at-Taubah, II: 496.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "191", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 75, "width": 321, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "تئش ام لمعا بنلذاب ذخأيو بنلذا رفغي ابر له نأ ملعف ابنذ يدبع بنذأ لىاعت و هاور (تئشام لمعا ةعبارلا وا ةلثالثا في لاقأ يردالا علىلأا دبع لاق كل ترفغ دقف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 115, "width": 67, "height": 19, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "28 ) ملسم و يراخبلا", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 141, "width": 300, "height": 259, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“‘Abd al-A‘lâ Ibn Hammâd telah menceritakan padaku, Hammâd Ibn Salamah telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Ishâq Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Abî Thalhah, dari ‘Abd ar-Rahmân Ibn Abî ‘Imarah, dari Abû Hurairah, dari Nabi Saw. tentang sesuatu yang diceritakan dari Tuhannya azza wa jalla. Allah berfirman : hamba-Ku telah berbuat dosa. Lalu dia berkata : Ya Allah, ampunilah dosaku. Kemudian Allah tabâraka wa ta‘âlâ berfirman lagi : hamba-Ku telah melakukan dosa. Lalu dia mengetahui, bahwa ia mempunyai Tuhan yang dapat mengampuni dan menindak sebab dosanya. Selanjutnya ia pun kembali melakukan dosa lagi yang lain. Lalu dia berkata : wahai Tuhanku, ampunilah dosaku. Kemudian Allah tabaraka wa ta‘ala kembali berfirman : hamba-Ku telah melakukan dosa lagi. Lalu dia mengetahui, bahwa ia mempunyai Tuhan yang dapat mengampuni dan menindak karena dosanya. Kemudian ia pun kembali melakukan dosa lagi yang lain. Lalu dia berkata : wahai Tuhanku, ampunilah dosaku. Kemudian Allah tabaraka wa ta‘ala kembali berfirman : hamba-Ku telah melakukan dosa lagi. Lalu dia mengetahui, bahwa ia mempunyai Tuhan yang dapat mengampuni dan menindak karena dosanya. Berbuatlah sesuatu sesukamu. Karena Aku telah mengampunimu. ‘Abd al-A‘lâ berkata : saya tidak mengetahui, kata- kata ‘Berbuatlah sesuatu sesukamu’ apakah diucapkan yang ke tiga atau ke empat kali.” (H.R. Bukhârî dan Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 409, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "للها دبع بيأ و ةملس بيأ نع باهش نبا نع كلام نع ةملسم نب للها دبع انثدح )14( انبر لنزي لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها لوسر نأ هنع للها ضير ةريره بيأ نع رغلاا نيوعدي نم لوقي رخلاا ليللا ثلث قىبي ينح اينلدا ءامس لىا ةللي كل لىاعتو كرابت", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 469, "width": 297, "height": 19, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "29 ) هريغو يراخبلا هاور ( له رفغاف نيرفغتسي نم هيطعاف نيلأسي نم له بيجتساف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 495, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“‘Abdullah Ibn Maslamah telah menceritakan kepada kami, dari Mâlik,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 519, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "28 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Qubûl at-Taubah Min az- Zunub wa in Takarrarat az-Zunub wa at-Taubah, juz II, hlm. 495; Bukhârî, Mawsû‘ah as-Sunnah al-Kutub as-Sittah wa Syurûhihâ, Shahîh al-Bukhârî, Kitâb al-Tawhîd,Bâb Qawl Allâh Ta‘âlâ Yurîdûna an Yubaddilû Kalâm Allâh, jilid III, cet. Ke-2 (Istanbul : Dâr Sahnûn dan Cagri Yayin Lari, 1992) VIII: 199-200.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 578, "width": 320, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "29 Bukhârî , Mawsû‘ah as-Sunnah ... , Kitâ > b at-Tahajjud, Ba > b ad-Du‘â’ wa as { - S { ala > h min A < khir al-Layl , II: 47; at-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitâb ad-Da‘awât, no. hadis 3498, IV: 365", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "192", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 92, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dari Ibn Syihâb, dari Abû Salamah dan Abû ‘Abd Allâh al-Aghar, dari Abû Hurairah ra., sesungguhnya Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : “setiap malam, Tuhan kita taba > raka wa ta‘a > lâ > turun ke langit dunia sepertiga malam yang akhir. Kemudian Dia berfirman : barang siapa berdoa kepada-Ku, niscaya Aku akan mengabulkannya; barang siapa meminta kepada-Ku, niscaya Aku akan memberinya; barang siapa memohon ampun (ber-istigfa > r), niscaya Aku akan mengampuninya”.” (H.R. Bukhârî dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 175, "width": 320, "height": 79, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "عيزولأا انبرخأ كرابلما نب للها دبع انثدح سىوم نب دممح نب دحمأ انثدح )15( للها لوسر لىوم نابوث نيثدح لاق بيحرلا ءامسأ وبأ نيثدح رامعوبأ دادش نيثدح فصرني نأ دارأ اذا ملسو هيلع للها لىص للها لوسر نكا لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص تكرابت ملاسلا كنمو ملاسلا تنأ للهما لاق مث تارم ثلاث للها رفغتسا هتلاص نم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 257, "width": 205, "height": 19, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "30 ) امهريغو دواد وبأاو يذمرتلا هاور ( ماركلااو للالجا اذاي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 283, "width": 300, "height": 116, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Mûsâ telah menceritakan kepada kami, ‘Abdullah Ibn al-Mubârak telah menceritakan kepada kami, al-Auza‘î telah memberi khabar kepada kami, Syaddâd Abû ‘Ammâr telah menceritakan kepadaku, Abû Asmâ’ ar-Rahabî telah menceritakan kepadaku, ia berkata : Tsauban, budak Rasulullah Saw. berkata : apabila Rasulullah Saw. akan berpaling (selesai) dari shalatnya, beliau memohon ampun (ber-istigfar) kepada Allah tiga kali, kemudian berdoa Allâhumma anta as-salâm wa minka as-salâm tabârakta yâ zâ al-jalâl wa al-ikrâm.” (H.R. at-Tirmidzî dan Abû Dâwud serta lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 408, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نب دممح نع بعصم نب مكلحا انث ملسم نب دليولا انث رامع نب ماشه انثدح )16( لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق سابع نب للها دبع نع هثدح هنا سابع نب للها دبع نب على اجرمخ قيض كل نمو اجرف مه كل نم له للها لعج رفغتسلاا مزل نم ملس و هيلع للها", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 468, "width": 203, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "31 ) دوادوباو هجام نبا هاور ( بستيح لا ثيح نم هقزرو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 494, "width": 300, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Hisyâm Ibn ‘Ammâr telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Walîd Ibn Muslim telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Hakam Ibn Mush‘ab telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Muhammad Ibn ‘Alî Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn ‘Abâs,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 542, "width": 320, "height": 71, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "30 At-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Abwâb as { -S { ala > h, Bâb Ma > Yaqu > lu Iz \\ a > Sallama min as { -S { ala > h, , no. hadis 300, I: 225; Abû Dâwud, Sunan Abu Dawud, Kita > b as { - S { ala > h, Ba > b Ma > Yaqu > l ar-Rajul Iz { a > Sallam , no. hadis 1513, I: 444. 31 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibn Majah, Kita > b al-Adab, Ba > b al-Istig { fa > r , no. hadis 3819, II: 1254-1255; lihat juga Abu > Da > wud, Sunan Abu Dawud , Kits > b as { -S { ala > h, Ba > b fi > al- Istigfa > r , no. hadis 1518, I: 445", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "193", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 90, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "sesungguhnya al-Hakam menceritakannya dari ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abâs, dia berkata : Rasulullah bersabda : ‘Barang siapa melanggengkan istigfar (selalu membaca istigfar / memohon ampun pada Allah), maka Allah akan memberi solusi (jalan keluar) atas semua kesulitannya (problematika hidupnya), setiap kesusahannya akan menjadi kebahagiaan, dan Allah akan memberinya rizki yang tidak diduga-duga sebelumnya’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah dan Abû Dâwud)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 173, "width": 320, "height": 44, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Memahami Hadis Nabi Tentang 3. Taubat dan Istigfa > r Dari masing-masing hadis tentang taubat dan istig { fa > r di atas, yang telah penulis abstraksikan, dapat dipahami sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 221, "width": 321, "height": 111, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis pertama dan kedua menerangkan tentang taubat dan istig { fa > r yang dilakukan oleh Nabi. Hadis pertama menjelaskan, bahwa dalam sehari, Nabi ber- istig { fa > r dan taubat lebih dari tujuh puluh kali. Secara redaksional, hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhârî dan lainnya ini, tidak menyebutkan bilangan yang jelas. Sehingga hadis ini memberi pelajaran, bahwa dalam melaksanakan istigfa > r dan taubat, tidak terbatas bilangannya, atau melebihi tujuh puluh kali. 32", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 336, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Selain itu, dalam mengungkapkan hadis tersebut, Nabi mengukuhkannya dengan menggunakan huruf qasam (sumpah) walla > hi (demi Allah) dan huruf taukî > d inna (sesungguhnya). Ini menunjukkan, Nabi sangat bersungguh-sungguh saat melakukan istigfa > r dan taubat , sekaligus menganjurkan kepada umatnya untuk melakukan istigfa > r dan taubat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 423, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berbeda dengan hadis yang kedua, yang diriwayatkan oleh Muslim dan lainnya, dimana Nabi mengungkapkan bilangan istigfa > r -nya secara jelas, yakni : dalam sehari, Nabi ber- istigfa > r sebanyak seratus kali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 478, "width": 321, "height": 86, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan makna al-g}ain dalam kalimat ناغيل هنا يبلق , menurut Ibn Hajar, mempunyai beberapa arti. Pertama, arti al-g { ain adalah kekosongan hati dari zikir. Dimana zikir itu sendiri merupakan aktifitas rutin Nabi. Apabila Nabi merasa kehilangan zikir itu, karena ada satu persoalan misalnya, maka Nabi menganggap hal itu sebagai perbuatan dosa. Dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 586, "width": 320, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "32 As { -S { iddîqî asy-Syâfi‘î, Kitab Dalil..., I: 94; Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari., Kita > b ad-Da‘awa > t, Ba > b Istig { fa > r an-Nabi, II: 104.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "194", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 139, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "karenanya, Nabi lantas ber- istig}fa > r. Kedua, al-g}ain berarti kondisi psikologis yang bisa mencela hati. Ketiga, al-gain berarti ketenangan yang menyelubungi hatinya. Sedangkan istigfa > r adalah untuk menampakkan nilai ‘ubudiyyah kepada Allah dan bersyukur kepada-Nya. Keempat, al-g { ain berarti kondisi takut dan mengagungkan Allah. Sedang istigfar merupakan bentuk rasa syukurnya. 33 Sedangkan menurut Imam al-Husain Ibn Mas‘ûd al- Baghawî (436-516 H), makna al-gain dalam hadis tersebut adalah terhalang atau tertutup. Sehingga seolah-olah hati Nabi tertutupi oleh sesuatu. 34", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 216, "width": 320, "height": 167, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ada satu hal yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan dalam kedua hadis di atas, bahwa Nabi Muhammad – utusan Allah yang selalu dijaga oleh Allah Swt. dari segala bentuk kemaksiatan, kesalahan dan dosa yang akan diperbuatnya ( ma‘s}û > m ), sebaik- baiknya makhluk, dan dosa-dosa yang sudah atau belum dilakukannya sudah diampuni oleh Allah – telah melakukan taubat dan istigfa > r sebanyak tujuh puluh hingga seratus kali, bahkan lebih dalam sehari. Sedang adanya istig { fa > r atau taubat dari seseorang, menunjukkan adanya kesalahan, dosa atau maksiat yang telah dilakukannya. Secara implisit, hadis tersebut memberi pemahaman, bahwa Nabi mempunyai kesalahan dan dosa. Dari sinilah timbul beberapa pendapat di kalangan para ulama’.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 387, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Mushthafâ Sa‘îd al-Khin, Musthafâ al-Bughâ, dkk, dalam Nuzhat al-Muttaqi > n Syarh Riyâ > dl as { -S { a > lih { i > n , menyatakan, bahwa hadis di atas merupakan anjuran bagi umat Muhammad, untuk melakukan taubat dan istig { fa > r, dan sebagai sarana pengajaran Nabi kepada umatnya, sekaligus untuk menambah derajat Nabi secara pribadi di sisi Allah. 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 474, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Ibn Hajar, ada beberapa pendapat tentang taubat dan istigfa > r yang dilakukan oleh Nabi. Pertama, bahwa setiap orang tidak bisa menghindari kesalahan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 536, "width": 320, "height": 47, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "33 Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari, II: 104. 34 Al-Imâm al-Muhaddits al-Faqîh al-Husayn Ibn Mas‘ûd al-Bagawî (436-516 H), Syarh as-Sunnah , ditahqîq oleh Syu‘ayb Arna’u > t { , cet. Ke-1 (Bairut : al-Maktabah al-Islâmî, 1983), V: 70.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 584, "width": 320, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "35 Musht { afâ Sa‘îd al-Khin, Musthafâ al-Bugâ, dkk, Nuzhat al-Muttaqîn Syarh Riyâdl al-Shâlihîn, cet. Ke- 14 (Bairut : Mu’assasah ar-Risâlah, 1991),I: 31", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "195", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 71, "width": 321, "height": 280, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "sudah menjadi watak manusia. Meskipun para nabi itu ma‘s } u > m dari dosa-dosa besar, mereka tidak ma‘s { u > m dari dosa-dosa kecil. Hanya saja, pendapat ini menyalahi pendapat yang terpilih, yakni ke- ma‘shûm- an para nabi juga dari dosa-dosa kecil. Kedua, para nabi adalah sosok manusia yang sangat tekun dan berhati-hati dalam menjalankan ibadah, karena ma‘rifat yang telah diberikan Allah kepada mereka. Mereka selalu bersyukur kepada-Nya dan mengakui kelalaian mereka di hadapan-Nya. Sehingga istigfa > r yang dilakukan oleh Nabi adalah karena kelalaiannya dalam menjalankan al-haq yang wajib kepada Allah. Bisa jadi kelalaian itu terjadi karena kesibukan-kesibukan Nabi terhadap hal-hal yang mubâ > h, seperti makan, minum, tidur, istirahat, jima‘ dan lain-lain, yang menghalanginya untuk ber- zikir , ber- tadlarru ‘, ber- musyâ > hadah dan ber- murâ > qabah kepada Allah. Hal semacam ini, dalam pandangan Nabi, merupakan perbuatan dosa, dengan dinisbatkan pada maqâ > m yang tinggi, yakni kehadiran dirinya di hadapan Allah. Ketiga, istigfa > r Nabi merupakan perintah syari’at bagi umatnya, atau Nabi memohonkan ampun atas dosa- dosa yang dilakukan oleh umatnya, sebagaimana syafaat yang diberikan olehnya kepada mereka. 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 354, "width": 321, "height": 97, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dua hadis di atas memberi pelajaran, agar setiap hari, setiap saat, seseorang agar terus-menerus memohon ampun dan ber- taubat kepada Allah. Jika Rasul yang ma‘s}û > m saja ber- istig { fa > r dan bertaubat lebih dari tujuh puluh hingga seratus kali, bahkan lebih, maka bagaimana dengan manusia biasa yang sering dikalahkan oleh dan menuruti hawa nafsu. Tentu, taubat dan istigfa > r- nya harus lebih banyak, daripada apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Nabi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 455, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan validitas hadisnya, karena kedua hadis di atas diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî, Muslim dan lainnya, maka hadis tersebut tergolong hadis s { ahi > h.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 500, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketiga dan keempat menerangkan tentang seruan untuk segera ber taubat . Hadis tersebut mengisyaratkan, bahwa manusia secara umum diperintahkan untuk ber taubat dari segala bentuk kemaksiatan, kezaliman dan dosa yang telah diperbuat, sebelum ajal menjemput. Karena taubat setelah kematian datang,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 586, "width": 318, "height": 23, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "36 Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari, , Kita > b ad-Da‘awa > t , II: 105; lihat juga as { -S { iddîqî asy- Syâfi‘î, Kitab Dalil...., VII: 309-310.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 111, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "tidak ada manfaatnya. Dan yang perlu diingat adalah, manusia tidak mengetahui kapan ia akan meninggal. Oleh karena itu, taubat kepada Allah sedini mungkin, untuk mempersiapkan diri bertemu Allah dan menyongsong kematian adalah tindakan bijaksana. Selain itu, ia juga dianjurkan untuk segera melakukan amal shaleh, sebelum disibukkan dengan aktivitas-aktivitas lain, yang menyebabkan sulit untuk beramal shaleh. Kedua hadis tersebut seiring semakna dengan Q.S. Ali ‘Imrân ayat 133. 37", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 188, "width": 320, "height": 28, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dan kedua hadis tersebut dapat dikatakan termasuk hadis sahi > h , karena diriwayatkan oleh Muslim dan Ibn Mâjah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 219, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kelima dan keenam menjelaskan tentang posisi orang ber- taubat di sisi Allah. Dimana Allah Swt. sangat bahagia dan bangga terhadap hamba-Nya yang mau ber taubat atas segala dosa dan kesalahannya. Dan kebahagiaan itu tidak ternilai harganya, jika dibandingkan kebahagiaan seseorang yang mendapatkan barangnya yang hilang. Karena Allah sangat bahagia, maka otomatis Allah pun meridlai hamba tersebut. 38 Karena kedua hadis itu diriwayatkan oleh Muslim, maka hadis tersebut dapat dikategorikan hadis s}ahî > h.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 348, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketujuh menjelaskan, bahwa orang yang benar-benar taubat , dalam pandangan Allah, adalah seperti orang yang tidak mempunyai dosa. Karena dosa-dosanya telah diampuni oleh- Nya. Karena, sebagaimana disabdakan oleh Nabi, barang siapa mengakui dosa-dosanya dan ber- taubat kepada Allah, niscaya Allah akan menerima taubat -nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 440, "width": 277, "height": 19, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "39 ) يراخبلا هاور ( هيلع للها بات للها لىا بات مث هبنذب فترعااذا دبعلا ناف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 463, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis tersebut juga termasuk hadis s { ahî > h , karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 493, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kedelapan menjelaskan bagian indikasi taubat, dan menjadi persyaratan taubat yang paling esensial, yakni menyesali semua perbuatan dosa yang pernah dilakukannya, dan tidak akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 319, "height": 23, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "37 Artinya : “Dan bersegeralah kalian semua pada ampunan Tuhanmu dan surga yang luasnya seluas langit dan bumi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 574, "width": 319, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "38 As { -S { iddi > qi > asy-Sya > fi‘i > , Kitab Dalil..., I: 96-97. 39 Al-Bukha > ri > , Mawsû‘ah…, , , Kita > b al-Maga > zi > , Bâb XXXIV,V: 59; atau juz VI, Kitâb Tafsîr al-Qur’ân, Bâb VI, Surat al-Nûr, hlm. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "197", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 72, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "mengulanginya lagi. Sehingga taubat, tanpa dibarengi adanya perasaan penyesalan, maka tidak ada artinya di hadapan Allah. Dan dalam melaksanakan taubat itu hendaknya semata-mata untuk mencari ridla Allah Swt.. 40 Hadis tersebut tergolong s}ahî > h , karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 144, "width": 321, "height": 181, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kesembilan dan kesepuluh menerangkan batasan waktu taubat . Dimana di antara syarat taubat adalah adanya taubat sebelum g}arg}arah dan sebelum matahari terbit dari barat. G{arg}arah secara etimologis berarti bolak-baliknya air atau obat di kerongkongan alias tidak bisa masuk ke dalam. 41 Kata ini biasa diartikan sebagai keadaan, dimana ruh manusia akan keluar dari jasad, yang biasa terjadi pada orang yang akan meninggal dunia. 42 Pada saat seperti inilah, taubat sudah tidak diterima di sisi Allah. Karena diantara syarat taubat adalah adanya penyesalan dan tidak akan mengulangi perbuatan dosanya. Hal ini hanya mungkin dapat dilakukan oleh mereka yang masih hidup. Bagaimana mungkin orang mati dapat berkomitmen untuk tidak mengulangi dosa, sedangkan dirinya sudah tidak beraktifitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 329, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Banyak orang bisa berandai-andai, tapi mereka tetap berandai-randai, sampai akhirnya tiba waktu dimana taubat - nya ditolak dan Allah tidak menerima lagi taubat -nya, yaitu saat manusia kehilangan kesempatan untuk menentukan pilihan (untuk ber- taubat ), sehingga taubat -nya dilakukan dalam keadaan terjepit. 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 416, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Demikian halnya, saat matahari sudah terbit dari barat, dan itu merupakan pertanda hari kiamat telah tiba, taubat seseorang pun juga sudah tidak ada artinya. Tidak hanya itu, sebagaimana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 478, "width": 320, "height": 131, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "40 Al-Bayjûrî, loc. cit. 41 Al-Fayrûzâbâdî, Qamus al-Muhit, II: 105. 42 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah..., II: 1420. 43 Kasus ini sebagaimana yang dialami oleh Fir’aun. Ia bertaubat, saat melihat dirinya tidak mungkin selamat dari air laut yang akan menelannya. Dalam keadaan seperti itu dia berkata, “Aku beriman kepada Allah yang tiada Ilah selain-Nya, seperti yang diimani Bani Israel, dan aku termasuk golongan orang-orang yang beriman.” Maka Allah menanggapi perkataan Fir’aun ini dengan berfirman dalam Q.S. Yunus : 91.Artinya : “Sekarang sungguh kamu telah durhaka sebelumnya. Dan kamu termasuk orang-orang yang berbuat kerusakan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "198", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 72, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "diinformasikan oleh al-Qur’an, orang-orang yang mati dalam keadaan kafir, juga tidak diterima taubat -nya. 44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 102, "width": 320, "height": 111, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sehingga, ketika syarat waktu taubat itu telah ada, maka secara rasional, Allah tidak wajib menerima taubat seseorang. Atau dengan kata lain, Allah akan menolak taubat siapa pun. Namun, menurut hemat penulis, jika Allah akan menerima taubat seseorang, dengan kemuliaan dan keutamaan-Nya, itu juga sah- sah saja dan mungkin terjadi. Karena hak menerima atau menolak permohonan ampunan dan taubat seseorang adalah hak pereogatif Allah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 217, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kedua hadis dimaksud tergolong hadis s { ahî > h, karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah dan Muslim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 248, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kesebelas menerangkan tentang peluang diterimanya taubat dari siapapun yang berbuat dosa dan kesalahan. Hadis tersebut menjelaskan betapa Allah Swt. adalah Dzat Yang Maha Pengasih dan Pengampun atas dosa-dosa yang dilakukan hamba- hamba-Nya, yang mau ber- taubat dan memohon ampun pada- Nya. Hingga dikatakan, andai dosa dan kesalahan itu, tingginya mencapai ketinggian langit, asal yang bersangkutan mau bersungguh-sungguh ber- taubat pada Allah Swt., niscaya Allah akan menerima taubat- nya dan mengampuni dosa-dosanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 377, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan masalah ini, ada sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mas‘ud, menceritakan, bahwa ada seorang laki-laki mendatangi Nabi Saw. dan bercerita, bahwa ia telah mencium seorang perempuan. Kemudian laki-laki tersebut bertanya pada Nabi tentang kafarat apa yang menjadi kewajibannya. Namun Nabi tidak menjawabnya sama sekali. Maka Allah menurunkan Q.S. Hud (11) : 114, yang berbunyi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 480, "width": 319, "height": 40, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ﯘ ﯗ ﯖﯕ ﯔ ﯓ ﮱ ﮰﮯ ﮮ ﮭ ﮬ ﮫ ﮪ ﮩ ﯚ ﯙ", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 538, "width": 320, "height": 71, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "44 Q.S. an-Nisâ’ ayat 18. Artinya : “Dan tidaklah taubat itu diterima Allah dari orang-orang yang mengerjakan kejahatan (yang) hingga apabila datang ajal kepada seseorang di antara mereka, (barulah) ia mengatakan: ‘Sesungguhnya saya ber- taubat sekarang.’ Dan tidak (pula diterima taubat ) orang-orang yang mati sedang mereka dalam kekafiran. Bagi orang-orang itu telah Kami sediakan siksa yang pedih.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "199", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 51, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Dan dirikanlah sembahyang itu pada kedua tepi siang (pagi dan petang) dan pada bahagian permulaan daripada malam. Sesungguhnya perbuatan- perbuatan yang baik itu menghapuskan (dosa) perbuatan-perbuatan yang buruk. Itulah peringatan bagi orang-orang yang ingat.”(Q.S. Hud : 114)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 131, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Lalu laki-laki tersebut balik bertanya : ‘Ya Rasulullah! Apakah ayat ini untukku?’ Nabi pun menjawab : ‘Ayat itu untuk semua umatku yang mengamalkan ayat tersebut.’ 45", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 176, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Yang terpenting adalah adanya kesungguhan dari orang yang akan ber- taubat , untuk benar-benar ber- taubat , menyesali semua yang telah dilakukan dan tidak akan mengulanginya lagi. Dengan begitu, Allah Swt. akan membuka pintu taubat -Nya lebar-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 253, "width": 321, "height": 335, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "45 Ibn Ma > jah, Sunan Ibnu Majah , Kita > b Zuhd, ba > b Zikr at-Taubah, no. hadis 4254, II: 1421; Tidak hanya itu, Rasulullah Saw. sendiri pernah menceritakan, ada seorang laki-laki Bani Israel yang sudah membunuh sembilan puluh sembilan manusia. Kemudian dia bertanya tentang orang yang paling alim penduduk bumi. Lalu ia ditunjukkan pada seorang rahib. Ia pun mendatanginya dan bertanya ; sesungguhnya ia telah membunuh sembilan puluh sembilan manusia, apakah ia masih ada peluang untuk bertawbat ? Rahib menjawab : tidak. (Karena jawaban itu), maka laki-laki tadi pun membunuh sang rahib, dan genaplah seratus orang, manusia yang dibunuhnya. Kemudian ia bertanya lagi tentang orang yang paling alim penduduk bumi, yang kemudian ditunjukkan kepada seorang laki-laki yang alim. Kemudian ia berkata : sesungguhnya ia telah membunuh seratus orang, apakah ia masih bisa bertawbat ?. Ya, jawab sang alim. Siapa yang bisa menghalangi antara dirinya dan tawbat ?! Pergilah pada sebuah negeri ini. Karena di sana terdapat manusia yang menyembah Allah. Maka sembahlah Allah bersama mereka. Dan jangan kembali ke negerimu, karena negerimu adalah negeri yang jelek. Maka bergegaslah ia pergi ke negeri dimaksud. Namun di tengah perjalanan, kematian akan menjemputnya. Berdebatlah antara malaikat rahmat dan malaikat adzab (pemberi siksa). Malaikat rahmat berkata : ia datang dengan bertawbat, dan hatinya menghadap kepada Allah. Sedang malaikat adzab berkata : dia belum pernah melakukan amal kebaikan sama sekali. Kemudian datanglah malaikat dalam bentuk manusia menghampiri kedua malaikat tadi, dan menjadi penengah atau pemutus perkara. Ia berkata : ukurlah kalian jarak antara dua negara itu (dengan laki-laki itu). Mana yang lebih dekat, berarti itulah keputusannya. Kemudian mereka berdua mengukur, dan menemukan laki-laki tadi lebih dekat dengan negara yang akan ditujunya. Maka malaikat rahmatlah yang mencabut nyawanya. Al-Bukha > rî, Sahih Bukhari, Kita > b al-Anbiya > ’, bab XXXXXIV, IV: 149; lihat juga an-Nawawî, Riya > d ..., ., hadis no. 20, hlm. 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "200", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "lebar, dan menerima taubat siapa saja, bagi yang mau ber- taubat , beriman dan beramal shaleh. 46", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 104, "width": 320, "height": 69, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kedua belas menerangkan, bahwa pada malam hari, Allah Swt. mengampuni hamba-hamba-Nya yang ber- taubat atas dosa-dosanya yang dilakukan pada siang hari. Dan pada siang harinya, Allah mengampuni hamba-hamba-Nya yang ber- taubat atas dosa-dosanya yang dilakukan pada malam hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 177, "width": 320, "height": 139, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Secara radaksional, kata yabsut}u yadahu adalah bentuk kinayah , bahwa Allah membentangkan dan memperluas rahmat- Nya, dan membuka pintu taubat lebar-lebar kepada siapa saja yang mau ber- taubat kepada-Nya. 47 Selain itu, ada yang mengatakan, dalam tradisi Arab, ketika seseorang ingin menyatakan kerelaannya terhadap sesuatu, maka ia akan membuka tangannya untuk menerima sesuatu tadi. Tapi sebaliknya, jika ia membencinya, maka ia akan menggenggam tangannya, untuk menghindari pemberian itu. 48 Dan hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Muslim itu tergolong hadis s { ahîh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 320, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketiga belas menerangkan diterimanya taubat seseorang, walaupun berulang-ulang taubat dan dosanya. Hadis ini membutuhkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam. Sepintas, seolah-olah hadis ini menerangkan, taubat seseorang dari perbuatan dosa, kemudian mengulanginya lagi, dan ber- taubat lagi, juga mengulangi dosanya lagi, itu tetap diterima taubat -nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 407, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Tidaklah demikian. Kata ‘berbuatlah sesuatu sesukamu’, sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Ibn Hajar, berarti jika orang yang berbuat dosa itu secepatnya memohon ampun pada Allah dan ber- taubat , maka Allah akan mengampuninya. Sedang taubat dan istigfar -nya itu adalah menjadi kafarat atau melebur dosa yang telah diperbuatnya. Bukan berarti, seseorang melakukan dosa, lalu memohon ampun (ber- istigfar ) hanya secara lisan, tanpa merubah prilakunya, yakni meninggalkan dosa-dosa itu, kemudian mengulangi perbuatan dosa lagi. Bentuk taubat ini adalah taubat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 320, "height": 35, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "46 Q.S. Thaha : 82. Artinya : “Dan sesungguhnya Aku Maha Pengampun bagi orang yang bertawbat, beriman, beramal shaleh, kemudian tetap di jalan yang benar.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 586, "width": 201, "height": 23, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "47 Mus } t } afa > Sa‘i > d Al-Khin, Nuzhat al-Muttaqin, I:. 32. 48 As { -S { iddîqî asy-Syâfi‘î, Kitab Dalil...., I: 99-100.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "201", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 74, "width": 321, "height": 97, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "para pendusta. Karena batasan taubat adalah kembali dari perbuatan dosa dan berkomitmen untuk tidak mengulanginya lagi. 49 Jika ada orang yang ber- istigfar, memohon ampun kepada Allah, tapi di sisi lain ia juga masih mengerjakan tindak maksiat dan dosa, maka, sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Rabi’ah ‘adawiyyah (95-185 H/713-788 M), istigfarunâ yahtaj ilâ istig}far kasî > r ( istigfar kita masih butuh pada istigfar yang banyak lagi). 50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 174, "width": 321, "height": 56, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Selain itu, al-Qur’an sendiri menjelaskan, peluang diterimanya taubat hanyalah bagi mereka yang benar-benar tidak mengetahui tentang dosa yang dilakukannya, dan segera ber- taubat pada Allah. 51", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 233, "width": 321, "height": 97, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Namun demikian, tidak menutup kemungkinan, Allah – Yang Maha Kuasa, Maha Menghendaki, dan Maha Pengampun – akan mengampuni siapa saja yang dikehendaki-Nya, walaupun ia adalah seorang pendosa dan pen- taubat yang pendusta. Karena jika ditimbang, antara rahmat dan murka Allah, rahmat Allahlah yang lebih besar, dan sanggup mengalahkan kemurkaan-Nya. Sebagaimana sabda Nabi saw :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 337, "width": 321, "height": 19, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "هاور ( بيضغ بلغت تيحمر نأ شرعلا قوف هدنع وهف هباتك في بتك قللخا للها قلخ الم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 359, "width": 27, "height": 19, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "52 ) ملسم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 385, "width": 300, "height": 38, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“ketika Allah menciptakan makhluk-Nya, Dia telah menulis dalam kitab- Nya – dimana kitab itu berada di sisi-Nya di atas ‘arasy – sesungguhnya rahmat-Ku mengalahkan murka-Ku.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 429, "width": 321, "height": 27, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketiga belas di atas termasuk hadis s { ahî > h, karena diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî dan Muslim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 472, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "49 Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari, Kita > b at-Tauhîd, XIII: 379; Al-Kurdî al-Irbilî, Kitab Tanwir..., hlm. 420; Yusuf al-Qardlawi, Taubah, hlm. 25 50 Al-Nawawî, al-Adzka > r , hlm. 361 51 Q.S. an-Nisa’ ayat 17. Artinya : “Sesungguhnya taubat di sisi Allah hanyalah taubat bagi orang-orang yang mengerjakan kejahatan lantaran kejahilan, yang kemudian mereka bertaubat dengan segera, maka mereka itulah yang diterima Allah taubatnya; dan Allah Maha Mengetahui lagi Maha Bijaksana.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 570, "width": 321, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "52 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kita > b at-Taubah, Ba > b fî Sa‘at Rahmat Alla > h ta‘âlâ wa innaha > Sabaqat G{ad}abah, II: 492-493: at-Tirmidzî, Sunan Tirmizi, Kitab ad-Da‘awa > t , no. hadis 3543, IV: 388.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "202", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 71, "width": 320, "height": 112, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis keempat belas dan lima belas menjelaskan tentang waktu yang mulia, untuk melakukan istigfa > r. Pertama, istigfa > r sangat dianjurkan pada waktu sepertiga malam yang akhir. Karena pada waku itu, Allah akan turun ke bumi mencari siapa saja yang ber- istigfa > r, mohon ampun kepada-Nya, dan akan mengampuninya. Selain itu, sebagaimana diinformasikan al-Qur’an, diantara tanda- tanda orang yang bertaqwa adalah mereka selalu mohon ampun, ber- istigfa > r pada waktu sahur. 53", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 186, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kedua , istigfa > r sangat dianjurkan setelah melakukan shalat fardlu. Namun, idealnya membaca istigfa > r, memohon ampun kepada Allah, adalah saat kita melakukan kesalahan, dosa atau kemaksiatan. Dan lebih bagusnya, taubat dan istigfa > r merupakan zikir tiap hari yang biasa diamalkan. Karena sesuatu yang dianggap tidak salah atau tidak berdosa, belum tentu tidak salah di hadapan Allah. Karenanya, istigfa > r sangat penting adanya. Kedua hadis di atas dapat digolongkan hadis shahîh, karena diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî, Tirmidzî, dan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 315, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis keenam belas menerangkan tentang sebagian faedah istigfa > r. . Siapa saja yang sungguh-sungguh, dengun penuh keyakinan kepada Allah, selalu membasahi bibirnya dengan istig}fa > r, mengisi hatinya dengan selalu memohon ampun kepada Allah, niscaya akan mendapatkan kebahagiaan hati atas segala kesusahan; mendapat solusi atas problematika hidupnya; dan akan mendapatkan rizki yang tidak disangka-sangka sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 416, "width": 320, "height": 55, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dalam al-Qur’an sendiri, Allah Swt. juga menjanjikan beberapa keutamaan kepada siapa saja yang mau terus-menerus ber- istig{fa > r, sebagaimana dalam Q.S. Nûh [71] : 10-12 54 dan Q.S. Hûd : 3. 55", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 483, "width": 319, "height": 23, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "53 Sebagaimana dalam Q.S. az-âriyât : 18.Artinya : “Dan di akhir-akhir malam mereka memohon ampun (kepada Allah)”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 507, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "54 Artinya : “maka aku katakan kepada mereka: ”Mohonlah ampun kepada Tuhanmu, --sesungguhnya Dia adalah Maha Pengampun--,(10) niscaya Dia akan mengirimkan hujan kepadamu dengan lebat,(11) dan membanyakkan harta dan anak-anakmu, dan mengadakan untukmu kebun-kebun dan mengadakan (pula didalamnya) untukmu sungai-sungai.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 567, "width": 320, "height": 47, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "55 Artinya : “dan hendaklah kamu meminta ampun kepada Tuhanmu dan bertaubat kepada-Nya. (Jika kamu, mengerjakan yang demikian), niscaya Dia akan memberi kenikmatan yang baik (terus menerus) kepadamu sampai kepada waktu yang telah ditentukan dan Dia akan memberi kepada tiap-tiap orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "203", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 74, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Namun dari sekian faedah istig}fa > r yang ada, yang penting adalah pengampunan dosa dari Allah, dan diterimanya taubat seseorang. Dan hadis di atas termasuk kategori s}ahî > h, karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah dan Abû Dâwud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 141, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Simpulan C.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 159, "width": 321, "height": 125, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Manusia adalah makhluk yang tidak pernah luput dari salah dan lalai. Dirinya sering dihinggapi hawa nafsu yang selalu mengajak kejahatan dan bermaksiat pada Allah. Dalam ‘peperangan’ itu, tak jarang manusia sering kalah. Oleh karena itu, manusia hendaknya selalu ber- taubat dengan taubat nas}û > ha , dan ber- istigfa > r setiap saat. Melaksanakan taubat nas}u > ha adalah taubat secara dlahir dan batin, dan berkomitmen untuk tidak mengulanginya lagi, serta menghiasi perbuatannya sehari-hari dengan perbuatan yang baik dan diridlai oleh Allah Swt..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 288, "width": 320, "height": 55, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan istigfa > r dapat dilakukan tujuh puluh hingga seratus kali atau lebih dalam sehari, pada siang atau malam hari, selama masih hidup, sebelum kematian menjemput, yang berdampak pada kebahagiaan dunia akhirat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 586, "width": 320, "height": 23, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "yang mempunyai keutamaan (balasan) keutamaannya. Jika kamu berpaling, maka sesungguhnya aku takut kamu akan ditimpa siksa hari kiamat.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "204", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 71, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 91, "width": 318, "height": 27, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "‘Abd al-Ba > qi > , Muhammad Fu’a > d, al-Mu‘jam al-Mufahras li Alfa > z { al- Qur’a > n al-Karî > m, Turki : al-Maktabah al-Islâmiyyah, 1984.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 122, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "‘Abd al-Fatta > h, Sayyid Shiddîq, Jawâ > mi‘ al-Istigfa > râ > t al-Kubrâ > , cet. Ke-2 Kairo : ad-Dâ > r al-Mashriyyah al-Lubnâ > niyyah, 1993.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 153, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Baghawi al- > , al-Husain Ibn Mas‘u > d, al-Ima > m al-Muhaddits al- Faqîh (436-516 H), Syarh as-Sunnah , ditahqi > q oleh Syu‘ayb Arna’u > t } , cet. Ke-1 Bairut : al-Maktabah al-Isla > mi > , 1983.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 198, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bayjuri al-, Ibrahim Ibn Muhammad, Syaikh, Tuhfat al-Murî > d, Syarh Jauharat at-Tauhî > d, cet. Ke-1, Bairut : Dar al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyyah, 1983.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 242, "width": 320, "height": 72, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bukha > rî al-, Abu > ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Isma > ‘i > l, Matan al- Bukhâ > rî > , Semarang : Maktabah Usaha Keluarga, t.t. --------, Mausû > ‘ah as-Sunnah al-Kutub as-Sittah wa Syurû > hihâ > , S { ahî > h al-Bukhâ > rî, cet. 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Kathur Suhardi, Jakarta : Pustaka al-Kautsar, 1998.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 371, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Qusyairi > al-, Abû al-Qâsim ‘Abd al-Karîm Ibn Hawa > zin, an- Naisabu > rî, ar-Risa > lah al-Qusyairiyyah, dita‘li > q oleh ‘Abd al- Hali > m Mahmu > d, ditahqi > q oleh ‘Abd al-Kari > m al-‘At } a > , Bairut : Dâr al-Khair, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 430, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ridlâ, Muhammad Rasyi > d (1865-1935 M), Tafsi > r al-Qur’a > n al-Haki > m al-Masyhu > r bi Tafsi > r al-Mana > r , ayat dan hadis ditakhrîj oleh Ibra > hi > m Syams ad-Di > n, cet. 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ae995274-cd37-16db-6642-e4a1b3a529f8	https://e-journal.politanisamarinda.ac.id/index.php/tanesa/article/download/2037/508	[ { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 574 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 66, "top": 92, "width": 470, "height": 77, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tinjauan Atas Pemberitaan Yang Berindikasi Adanya Delik Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media Massa", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 68, "top": 183, "width": 128, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sufriaman* Hukum, Universitas Handayani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 206, "width": 114, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makassar, Makassar, 90231", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 70, "top": 218, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 229, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 238, "top": 183, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muh. Fachrur Razy Mahka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 235, "top": 183, "width": 295, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hukum, Universitas Handayani Makassar, Makassar, 90231 [email protected] Karman Jaya Hukum, Universitas Handayani Makassar, Makassar, 90231 [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 273, "width": 235, "height": 370, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak —Pemberitaan di media massa (pers) baik cetak maupun elektronik maupun media online merupakan instrumen dalam tatanan hidup bermasyarakat yang sangat vital bagi peningkatan kualitas kehidupan warganya. Selain fungsinya sebagai media informasi dan komunikasi, pers juga merupakan refleksi jati diri masyarakat karena apa yang dituangkan dalam sajian pers hakikatnya adalah denyut kehidupan masyarakat dimana media informasi itu berada. Dari tampilan pers itulah sebagian wajah masyarakat, baik tingkat kemajuan maupun taraf berpikirnya itu kemudian dapat dicermati. penelitian ini ditinjau dari sifatnya adalah penelitian deskriptif, penelitian deskriptif ini terbatas pada usaha mengungkapkan suatu masalah atau keadaan sebagaimana adanya bersifat untuk mengungkap fakta hasil penelitian ini ditekankan untuk memberikan gambaran secara objektif tentang gambaran sebenarnya dari objek yang diteliti. Pendekatan digunakan dalam penelitian ini pendekatan normatif doktrinal. dalam penelitian ini sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan atau penelitian lapangan, yaitu dengan cara mencari dan menghimpun data, mengklasifikasikan data yang relevan dengan pencemaran nama baik melalui media massa baik media cetak maupun media online dan ditinjau dari perspektif yuridis yang terdapat dalam literatur-literatur kepustakaan, dalam upaya penyelesaian atas pemberitaan karya jurnalistik yang dianggap sebagai pencemaran nama baik sebenarnya dapat diselesaikan dengan mengefektifkan hak jawab yang merupakan hak dari objek pemberitaan melalui Dewan Pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 653, "width": 235, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci — Pemberitaan, Delik Pencemaran, Nama Baik, Media Massa, Media Online", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 691, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. P ENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 708, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan pemberitaan di media massa (pers) baik cetak maupun elektronik merupakan instrumen dalam tatanan hidup bermasyarakat yang sangat vital bagi peningkatan kualitas kehidupan warganya. Disamping fungsinya sebagai media informasi dan komunikasi, Pers juga merupakan refleksi jati diri masyarakat karena apa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 275, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dituangkan dalam sajian pers hakekatnya adalah denyut kehidupan masyarakat dimana media informasi itu berada. Dari tampilan pers itulah sebagian wajah masyarakat, baik tingkat kemajuan maupun taraf berpikirnya itu kemudian dapat dicermati (Hutagalung, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 344, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Satu bagian yang paling penting dari keberadaan media informasi itu adalah pencermatannya dari sisi hukum. Seperti yang di jelaskan (Restendy et al., 2020) ketika pers tersebut berada di tengah masyarakat, terjadilah interaksi antara pers (sebagai lembaga) dengan masyarakat konsumennya. Secara teknis akan muncul permasalahan hukum, ketika sajian itu ternyata dinilai tidak benar dan merugikan masyarakat. Untuk itu harus ada penyelesaian yang berkeadilan dan melembaga sehingga tidak mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat dan kelangsungan pers itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 471, "width": 236, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah pers itu dibedakan dalam dua arti. (Wartawan Dalam Perlindungan Hak Anak Perspektif Undang- Undang Pers & Sahputra, 2021) Pers dalam arti luas adalah media tercetak atau elektronik yang menyampaikan laporan dalam bentuk fakta, pendapat, usulan dan gambar kepada masyarakat luas secara regular. Laporan dimaksud adalah setelah melalui proses mulai dari pengumpulan bahan sampai dengan penyiaran. Sedangkan pengertian dalam arti sempit atau terbatas, pers adalah media tercetak seperti surat kabar harian, surat kabar mingguan, majalah dan buletin, sedangkan media elektronik melalui radio film dan televisi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 609, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kaitan ini, fungsi utama dari pers pada umumnya disamping sebagai media control sosial adalah untuk menjalin komunikasi serta sebagai media informasi baik bagi sesama warga masyarakat maupun dengan pemerintah secara timbal balik. Fungsi pers Indonesia menekankan pada eksistensinya sebagai institusi kemasyarakatan baik hubungannya secara personal maupun dengan pemerintah sebagai institusi publik yang juga berkepentingan dengan pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 712, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena berat dan luasnya fungsi pers tersebut, dalam kinerjanya sering muncul pemasalahan berkaitan dengan posisi pers yang berhadapan dengan pemerintah. Apa yang dikemukakan oleh pers sering kali dinilai tidak sejalan dengan yang dikehendaki pemerintah. Sementara interaksinya dengan masyarakat, pers tidak jarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 575 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menurunkan sajian yang dinilai tidak sesuai dengan fakta serta melanggar hak (privacy) seseorang. Di fase Soekarno (orde lama) dan fase Soeharto (Orde baru) misalnya, hubungan kekuasaan dengan media punya refresi yang berbeda-beda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 146, "width": 238, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konfigurasi politik yang berubah semenjak orde baru jatuh, menghasilkan undang- undang No. 40 Tahun 1999 tentang pers sebagai pengganti undang-undang No. 21 Tahun 1982. undang-undang No.40 Tahun 1999 lebih menekankan akan pentingnya kebebasan pers nasional yang dinyatakan dalam Pasal 4 ayat (2) yang berbunyi: “terhadap pers nasional tidak dikenakan penyensoran, pembredelan atau pelanggaran penyiaran”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebebasan pers, yang merupakan bagian dari kebebasan berekspresi, di Indonesia saat ini sudah jauh lebih maju daripada apa yang ditemukan pada akhir 30- tahun rezim Soeharto tahun 1998. Kebebasan ini tidak absolute dan jurnalis pada umumnya menerima keberadaan UU No. 40 Tahun 1999 sebagai instrument negara yang bukan saja menjamin kebebasan profesi mereka, tetapi juga menjaga kepentingan masyarakat dari kemungkinan penyalahgunaan kebebasan tersebut (Djanggih Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tompotika Luwuk Jl Dewi Sartika et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 235, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun, akhir – akhir ini dirasakan oleh khalayak ramai ada sesuatu yang mengganjal dalam hal penerapan kebebasan pers di Indonesia. Seringkali kita mendengar lontaran “kebebasan pers yang kebablasan” dan hal ini segera ditangkap oleh politisi atau pejabat negara sebagai alasan untuk merevisi undang-undang dan memberlakukan batasan-batasan ataupun kontrol terhadap pers seperti yang ada di zaman rezim Soeharto. Keresahan masyarakat ini memang benar adanya dan perlu disikapi oleh pers karena sebagian disebabkan oleh penerapan kebebasan yang cenderung ke arah penyalahgunaan (Santoso, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 503, "width": 235, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pesta pora kemerdekaan pers di era reformasi, yang nyatanya ditafsirkan dalam arti yang berbeda oleh beberapa praktisi pers, yang lupa terhadap koridor hukum pers dan etika pers, yang pada gilirannya menimbulkan gejala anarkisme praktik pers dengan melakukan pelanggaran-pelanggaran kode etik jurnalistik dan pelanggaran yang mengarah pada delik pers (Asmadi, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 595, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menguji keberadaan UU pers sebagai pegangan para wartawan dihadapkan dengan KUHP sebagai pengontrol pers dan landasan bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah yang dirugikan oleh para awak media (wartawan), menjadi menarik bagi peneliti untuk mencermati, mengamati, dan menganalisis adanya indikasi delik pencemaran nama baik di media massa (Santosa, 2017a).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 675, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menimbulkan kejahatan, dimana kejahatan tersebut telah muncul sejak permulaan zaman dan akan terus berlangsung hingga akhir zaman. Kejahatan sudah di terima sebagai suatu fakta yang merugikan baik oleh masyarakat primitif maupun pada masyarakat modern. Kerugian material dapat berubah timbulnya korban, rusaknya harta benda ataupun meningkatnya biaya yang harus di tanggung oleh korban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerugian moril dapat berupa hilangnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap aparat penegak hukum dalam menegkkan hukum (Muthia & Arifin, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 235, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian terdahulu dalam penelitian Ari Wibowo menyimpulkan tentang dasar justifikasi kriminalisasi delik pencemaran nama baik adalah teori moral dari teori liberal individualistic. Kriminalisasi delik pencemaran nama baik sejalan dengan nilai-nilai budaya masyarakat dan nilai-nilai religious bangsa Indonesia. (Wibowo, 2012) sementara dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Asrianto Zainal menyebutkan bahwa unsur-unsur dari pasal 310 KUHP tidak dapat menjangkau delik pencemaran nama baik yang dilakukan melalui Tindakan tersebut sehingga asala lex spesialis derogate legi generalis dapat berlaku.(Al-’adl & Zainal, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 273, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini penulis berupaya memberikan kontribusi kepada ketentuan hukum bagi wartawan dalam melakukan kegiatan Jurnalistik, di atur dalam Undang- Undang No 40 tahun 1999 tentang Pers (UU Pers 1999). Dalam UU Pers 1999, Bab V Pasal 15, disebutkan tentang perlunya dibentuk Dewan Pers yang independen sebagai upaya mengembangkan kemerdekaan pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 353, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut diatas, penulis sangat tertarik untuk menulis tentang delik tindak pidana yang pelakunya adalah insan pers. Untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan pendalaman yang lebih lanjut mengenai hal tersebut, maka penulis memilih judul: “ Tinjauan atas pemberitaan yang berindikasi adanya Delik Pencemaran nama baik di Media massa”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 389, "top": 446, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. M ETODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 463, "width": 236, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan pada penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif. Pendekatan Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian yuridis normatif adalah menggunakan pendekatan case approach dan juga pendekatan perundang-undangan atau statue approach. Pendekatan perundang-undangan ( statute approach ). Pendekatan ini melakukan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan yang berhubungan dengan pokok permasalahan, dan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan hukum pidana tentang pencemaran nama baik (Efendi & Ibrahim, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 613, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian data yang diperoleh dari studi pustakaan diperjelas dengan data dari hasil studi lapangan (Purwati, 2020). Studi lapangan dilakukan dengan cara turun langsung ke lapangan serta untuk mendapatkan data primer dilakukan wawancara langsung dengan beberapa narasumber yaitu dari salah satu penggiat media massa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 363, "top": 694, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. H ASIL DAN P EMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 711, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk melengkapi hasil penelitian penulisan jurnal hukum ini, maka penulis menyajikan data yang diperoleh selama masa penelitian di Pengadilan Negeri Makassar berhubungan dengan jurnal yang diangkat adalah tinjauan atas pemberitaan yang berindikasi adanya delik pencemaran nama baik di Media Massa. Data yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 576 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "disajikan membahas kepada permasalahan kemudian dianalisa, dengan maksud untuk menemukan kebenaran sesuai dengan hukum yang berlaku saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 123, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ketentuan Hukum dan Kode Etik Bagi Pers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 7 UU Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 Ayat (2) menerangkan, Wartawan memiliki dan menaati kode etik jurnalistik. Menindaklanjuti mengenai Kode Etik Jurnalistik ini, Dewan pers telah mengeluarkan peraturan Dewan Pers Nomor 6/Peraturan-DP/V/2008 Tentang pengesahan surat Keputusan Dewan Pers Nomor 03/SK- DP/III/2006 tentang Kode Etik Jurnalistik sebagai Peraturan Dewan Pers. Dalam lampiran Peraturan Dewan Pers tersebut dikatakan ;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 235, "height": 241, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Kemerdekaan berpendapat, berekspresi, dan pers ialah hak asasi manusia yang dilindungi Pancasila, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, dan Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusi PBB. Kemerdekaan pers ialah sarana masyarakat untuk memperoleh informasi dan komunikasi, guna memenuhi kebutuhan hakiki dan meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan manusiadalam mewujudkan kemerdekaan pers itu, wartawan Indonesia juga menyadari adanya kepentingan bangsa, tanggungjawab social, keberagaman masyarakat, dan norma-norma agama. Dalam melaksanakan fungsinyahak, kewajiban, dan peranannya, pers menghormati hak asasi setiap orang, karena itu pers dituntut profesionaldan terbuka untuk dikontrol oleh masyarakat. Untuk menjamin kemerdekaan pers dan memenuhi hak public untuk memperoleh informasi yang benar, wartawan Indonesia memerlukan landasanmoral dan etika profesisebagai pedoman operasional dalam menjaga kepercayaan public dan menegakkan integritas serta profesionalisme, atas dasar itu wartawan Indonesia menetapkan dan menaati Kode Etik Jurnalistik.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya dalam pasal 1 Kode Etik Jurnalistik dikatakan “Wartawan Indonesia bersikap independen, menghasilkan berita yang akurat, berimbang, dan tidak beritikad buruk,” penafsiran pasal ini menguraikan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 526, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Independen, berarti memberitakan peristiwa atau fakta sesuai dengan suara hati nurani tanpa campur tangan, paksaan, dan intervensi dari pihak lain, termasuk pemilik perusahaan pers.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 572, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Akurat, berarti bisa dipercaya benar, sesuai dengan keadaan obyektif ketika peristiwa terjadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 595, "width": 234, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Berimbang, berarti semua pihak mendapat kesempatan setara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 618, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tidak beritikad buruk, berarti tidak ada niat secara sengaja untuk menimbulkan kerugian pihak lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 641, "width": 235, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai akurat, menarik apa yang dikemukakan oleh hikmat kusumaningrat dan purnama kusumaningrat ialah, wartawan harus memiliki kehati-hatian yang sangat tinggi dalam melakukan pekerjaannya, mengingat dampaknya yang luas yang ditimbulkan oleh berita yang dibuatnya. Kehati-hatian dimulai dari kecermatannya dalam ejaan nama, angka, tanggal, dan usia serta disiplin diri untuk senantiasa melakukan pemeriksaan atas keterangan dan fakta yang ditemukannya (Mulyono, 2017). Tidak hanya itu, akurasi juga berarti benar dalam memberikan kesan umum, benar dalam sudut pandang pemberitaan yang dicapai oleh penyajian detail-detail", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "fakta dan oleh tekanan yang diberikan pada fakta- faktanya. Pembaca biasanya sangat memperhatikan soal akurasi ini, bahkan kredibilitas sebuah media,apakah cetak maupun elektronik, sangat ditentukan oleh akurasi beritanya sebagai konsekuensi dari kehati-hatian para wartawannya dalam membuat berita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 158, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tentang berimbang, menurut hikmat kusumaningrat dan purnama kusumaningrat, yang dimaksud dengan “…berimbang ialah bahwa seseorang wartawan harus melaporkan apa sesungguhnya yang terjadi..”. Misalnya, manakala seorang politisi memperoleh tepukan yang hangat dari hadirin ketika menyampaikan pidatonya. Peristiwa itu haruslah ditulis apa adanya. Tetapi, ketika sebahagian hadirin walked out sebelum pidato berakhir, itu juga harus ditulis apa adanya. Jadi ada dua situasi yang berbeda, keduanya harus termuat dalam berita yang ditulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 284, "width": 235, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unsur adil dan berimbang dalam berita mungkin sama sulitnya untuk dicapai seperti juga keakuratan dalam menyajikan fakta. Selaku wakildari pembaca atau pendengar berita, seorang wartawan harus senantiasa berusaha untuk menempatkan stiap fakta atau kumpulan fakta-fakta menurut proporsinya yang wajar, untuk mengaitkannya secara berarti dengan unsur-unsur lain, dan untukmembangun segi pentingnya dengan berita secara keseluruhan. Misalnya, seorang wartawan yang meliput pertandingan sepak bola mungkin sangat akurat dalam hal fakta-fakta yang ia gunakan, tetapi ia akan menipu pembaca jika ia hanya menceritakan serangan- serangan dan cara mencetak gol yang diperlihatkan tim tuan rumah saja dan mengabaikan serangan – serangan dan cara mencetak pihak lawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 457, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian pasal dua Kode etik jurnalistik menyatakan, “wartawan Indonesia menempuh cara-cara yang professional dalam melaksanakan tugas jurnalistik.” Penafsiran pasal ini menyatakan, cara-cara yang professional ialah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 514, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Menunjukkan indentitas diri kepada narasumber;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 526, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Menghormati hak privasi;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 537, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tidak menyuap;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 549, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Menghasilkan berita yang factual dan jelas sumbernya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 572, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Rekayasa pengambilan dan pemuatan atau penyiaran gambar, foto, suara dilengkapi dengan keterangan tentang sumber dan ditampilkan secara berimbang;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 606, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Menghormati pengalaman traumatic narasumber dalam penyajian gambar, foto, suara;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 629, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Tidak melakukan plagiat, termasuk menyatakan hasil liputan wartawan lain sebagai karya sendiri;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 652, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Penggunaan cara-cara tertentu dapat dipertimbangkan untuk peliputan berita investigasi bagi kepentingan publik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 687, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profesionalisme dalam pemberitaan ditunjukkan dengan kaidah-kaidah atau adab-adab yang harus diikuti wartawan dalam pemberitaan mereka dibidang hukum. Kaidah-kaidah ini tercantum dalam kode etik jurnalistik yang telah disinggung sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 742, "width": 235, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 3 kode etik jurnalistik menentukan, “wartawan Indonesia selalu menguji informasi, memberitakan secara berimbang, tidak mencampurkan fakta dan opini yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 577 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menghakimi, serta menerapkan asas praduga tak bersalah,” penafsiran pasal ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Menguji informasi, berarti melakukan ceck and recheck tentang kebenaran informasi itu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Berimbang ialah, memberikan ruang atau waktu pemberitaan kepada masing-masing pihak secara professional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 237, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Opini yang menghakimi ialah, pendapat pribadi wartawan. Hal ini berbeda dengan opini interpretative, yaitu pendapat yang berupa Interpretasi wartawan terhadap fakta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Asas praduga tak bersalah ialah, prinsip tidak menghakimi seseorang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 235, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kenyataan sehari-hari, menyangkut pemberitaan peristiwa yang diduga menyangkut pelanggaran hukum, masyarakat umum yang tidak memahamii etika dalam praktik pers maupun soal-soal hukum dan peradilan, tentu akan bingung jika membaca berbagai media yang sikapnya tidak sama dalam menyebut nama dan identitas pelaku pelanggaran dalam berita-berita kejahatan atau pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 330, "width": 217, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 4 Kode Etik Jurnalistik menyatakan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 340, "width": 235, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Wartawan Indonesia tidak membuat berita bohong, fitnah, sadis, dan cabul.” Penafsiran pasal ini ialah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bohong berarti sesuatu yang sudah diketahui sebelumnya oleh wartawan sebagai hal yang tidak sesuai dengan fakta yang terjadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 399, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Fitnah, berarti tuduhan tanpa dasar yang dilakukan secara sengaja dengan niat buruk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 422, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Sadis, berarti kejam dan tidak mengenal belas kasihan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Cabul berarti, penggambaran tingkah laku secara erotis dengan foto, gambar, suara, grafis, atau tulisan yang semata-mata untuk membangkitkan nafsu birahi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Dalam penyiaran gambar dan suara dari arsip, wartawan mencantumkan waktu pengambilan gambar dan suara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 512, "width": 235, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 5 Kode Etik Jurnalistik menyatakan , “wartawan Indonesia tidak menyebutkan dan menyiarkan identitas korban kejahatan susila dan tidak menyebutkan identitas anak yang menjadi pelaku kejahatan.” Penafsiran pasal ini ialah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 572, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Identitas ialah semua data dan informasi yang menyangkut diri seseorang yang memudahkan orang lain untuk melacak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 606, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Anak ialah seseorang yang berusia kurang dari 16 tahun dan belum menikah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 629, "width": 235, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yang lazim dilakukan media adalah menyebut nama pelaku hanya dengan inisialnya atau menutup fotonya dengan menutup matanya atau hanya menampilkan foto bagian belakang pelaku saja. Wartawan punya alasan kuat untuk menyembunyikan untuk menyebutkan nama- nama wanita yang menjadi korban pemerkosaan atau anak anak yang dianiaya secara seksual. Tujuannya untuk melindungi korban atas pencemaran namanya atau tercoreng aibnya. Tatapi dalam hal larangan menyebut nama dan identitas pelaku kejahatan yang masih dibawah umur, dasarnya semata-mata pertimbangan kemanusiaan, berdasarkan nasib beserta hari esok korban beserta keluarganya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 87, "width": 235, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 6 Kode Etik Jurnalistik menyatakan, “wartawan Indonesia tidak menyalahgunakan profesi dan tidka menerima suap.” Panafsiran pasal ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Menyalahgunakan profesi ialah segala tindakan yang mengambil keuntungan pibadiatas informasi yang diperoleh saat bertugas sebelum informasi tersebut mejadi pengetahuan umum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 169, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Suap adalah segala pemberitaan dalam bentuk uang, benda atai fasilitas dari pihak lain yang mempengaruhi independensinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 204, "width": 236, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kenyataannya, ternyata hal ini sering terjadi yang oleh hikmat kusumaningrat dan purnama kusumaningrat dikatakan sebagai amplop dan hadiah gratisan, didunia pers Indonesia ada suatu sebutan bernada mengejek yang tidak sedap didengar telinga, yaitu sebutan “wartwan amplop”, yang dimaksud dengan amplop ialah pemberitaan dari sumber berita kepada wartawan yang mewawancarainya berupa amplop berisi uang. Pemberian itu ada yang menganggap sebagai belas jasa atas kesediaan sang wartawan melakukan wawancara dengan sumber berita bersangkutan. Tetapi ada pula yang menafsirkannya sebagai uang suap kepada wartwan agar beritanya benar-benar dimuat dan berita itu memuat hal- hal yang baik-baik saja tentang sis umber berita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 365, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 7 Kode Etik Jurnalistik mengatakan, “Wartawan Indonesia memiliki hak tolak untuk melindungi narasumber yang tidak bersedia diketahui indentitasnya maupun keberadaannya. Menghargai ketentuan embargo, informasi latar belakang, dan “off the record” sesuai dengan kesepakatan.” Penafsiran pasal ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 434, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hak tolak ialah, hak untuk tudak mengungkapkan identitas dan keberadaan narasumber demi keamanan narasumber dan keluarganya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 468, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Embargo ialah penundaan pemuatan atau penyiaran berita sesuai dengan permintaan narasumber.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 491, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Informasi latar belakang ialah segala informasi atau data dari narasumber yang disiarkan atau diberitakan tanpa menyebutkan narasumbernya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 526, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Off the record ialah segala informasi atau data dari narasumber yang tidak boleh disiarkan atau diberitakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 560, "width": 235, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menyangkut off the record , menurut Hikmat Kusumaningrat dan Purnama kusumaningrat, “keterangan yang diberikan secara off the record sebaiknya jangan diterima.”Artinya informasi atau keterangan yang diberikan kepada wartawan dengan syarat tidak untuk disiarkan janganlah diterima. Penolakan in sebaiknya dilakukan kalu tidak mau ketinggalan kereta dalam pemberitaan. Karena apa yang diberikan sebagai keterangan off the record dan tidak boleh disiarkan, mungkin saja akan disiarkan wartwan lain, yang mendapat berita tersebut dengan jalan lain, tanpa syarat off the record.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 698, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi media massa menurut KUHP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 721, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam tulisan/terbitan pers sehari, di dalamnya tersangkut lebih dari satu orang, karena sejak diatur, disusun beritanya (redaksionalnya), dicetak serta terbit, dan beredar di tengah-tengah masyarkat, yang ikut ambil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 578 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagian (berusaha) di dalamnya adalah : pemimpin umum, pencetak, redaktur, penulis/pelukis, dan pengedar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara kerja redaksi erat kaitannya dengan pertanggungjawaban dalam pers sebab sebuah berita sebelum sampai ke pembacanya mengalami proses pengolahan yang cukup rumit. Suatu pemberitaan dipublikasikan melalui proses penulisan, edit, percetakan, koreksi sampai dengan diedarkannya berita tersebut. Dalam proses itu terlibat beberapa orang yang secara langsung berkecimpung di dalamnya. Pihak-pihak yang dapat tersangkut dan bertanggungjawab apabila terjadi tindak pidana pers adalah sebagai berikut (Rahmawati & Gani, 2017):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Penulis (pengarang), penggambar (pelukis atau pemotret).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 261, "width": 235, "height": 193, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pertanggungjawaban bagi mereka (penulis, penggambar, pelukis) berlaku sepenuhnya pasal- pasal KUHP tentang penghasutan, pemberitahuan palsu atau kabar bohong, penghinaan, dan sebagainya yang berhubungan dengan tindak pidana pers. Namun, tentu saja dalam hal ini dikecualikan bagi mereka apabila hasil karyanya disiarkan tanpa sepengetahuan atau persetujuan mereka. Menurut hukum pidana yang dapat dikatakan sebagai penulis, pelukis dan sebagainya tidaklah harus orang yang menyatakan pikiran atau pernyataannya yang orisinil, melainkan dapat juga orang yang mengambil alih pikiran atau perasaan orang lain serta mempublikasikannya dengan pers ( drupkers ) dan demikian pula dapat juga orang yang mempublikasikannya dengan melalui pers apa yang didengarnya atau ia dengar dari orang lain dapat pula dimasukkan dalam pengertian tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 235, "height": 273, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disamping itu orang yang menyalin atau mengutip tulisan orang lain jika apa yang diturunkan atau dikutipkanya itu kemudian dipublikasikannya melalui pers pun dapat pula dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai penulis. Kecuali itu jika seseorang mengirimkan tulisan atau gambar dan sebagainya itu kepada redaksi majalah, harian dan sejenisnya kemudian tulisan atau gambar dan sebagainya itu dipublikasikan setelah diadakan perubahanperubahan oleh redaksi, maka orang tersebut tetap dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai penulis, pelukis, dan sebagainya asal perubahan-perubahan tersebut tadi tidak merubah wezen (hakekat) dari pikiran atau perasaan yang dimaksudkannya. Mengenai penulis, penggambar, pengarang, pemotret atau pelukis sudah jelas merekalah yang mula-mula harus bertanggungjawab atau dapat dikatakan sebagai pelaku utama ( dader ) terhadap suatu tulisan pidana pers seperti dimaksudkan dalam pasal 55 KUHP kecuali mereka dapat membuktikan bahwa tulisan, gambar, potret atau lukisan yang dijadikan berita tersebut dibuat dalam keadaan terpaksa yang tidak dapat dihindarkan karena adanya suatu ancaman atau paksaan dari pihak lain seperti termuat dalam pasal 48 KUHP atau terdapat pengecualian seperti termuat dalam pasal 44 KUHP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 733, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Penerbit Dalam pasal 61 KUHP yang dimaksudkan dengan penerbit adalah orang yang menerbitkan suatu pekerjaan (tulisan, gambar, potret) yang dicetak. Pasal ini masuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam bab turut serta melakukan perbuatan yang boleh dihukum. Dalam praktek penerbit itu dianggap sebagai membantu melakukan ( medeplichtig ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai membantu melakukan kejahatan dengan percetakan ia tidak dihukum apabila memenuhi kewajiban-kewajiban yang ditentukan baginya dalam pasal ini, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 169, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pada barang cetakan itu harus disebutkan nama dan tempat tinggal penerbit. Dengan ini berarti bahwa ia menyatakan dirinya sebagai penerbit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 204, "width": 236, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pembuat harus dikenal (diketahui) atau sesudah penuntutan perkara mulai berjalan pada waktu diberi peringatan yang pertama kali diberitahukan oleh penerbit siapakah pembuatnya itu. Jadi yang harus memberi peringatan itu adalah pegawai penuntut (jaksa). Yang diartikan pembuat disini tidak hanya penulis, tetapi juga pemotret, pelukis dan penggambar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 296, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pembuat harus dapat dituntut pada waktu diterbitkan. Dapat dituntut disini artinya tidak hanya dapat dituntut karena tidak sakit gila atau tidak meninggal dunia misalnya, akan tetapi harus diartikan lebih luas lagi ialah dapat ditangkap.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 353, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Pembuat itu pada waktu penerbitan harus tinggal di Indonesia. Seperti yang tersebut pada sub c diatas, maka disini diletakkan suatu prinsip bahwa jika pembuat itu tidak dapat ditangkap, maka penerbitlah yang harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 411, "width": 236, "height": 354, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 61 KUHP hanya berlaku bagi kejahatan jadi seorang penerbit pada pelanggaran yang dilakukan dengan percetakan tetap dihukum meskipun ia telah memenuhi kewajiban-kewajibannya yang ditentukan dalam pasal ini. Dalam pasal 483 KUHP mengatur tentang kejahatan yang merupakan suatu tindak pidana percetakan ( drupkersdelicht ), mengancam hukuman pada penerbit yang menerbitkan suatu tulisan atau gambar yang dapat dihukum karena sifatnya jika memenuhi syarat-syarat pada sub 1 dan 2 dalam pasal ini. Contoh kejahatan yang dimaksud dalam pasal ini misalnya tulisan atau gambar yang bersifat menghina Presiden atau Wakil Presiden (pasal 137 KUHP), menghina kepala Negara asing (pasal 144 KUHP), menghasut (pasal 160, 161 KUHP), penghinaan-penghinaan (pasal 310, 315, 320, 321 KUHP). Dari pasal-pasal tersebut diatas tidak diatur secara jelas bagaimana kedudukan penerbit dalam tindak pidana tersebut, apakah sebagai pembantu atau sebagai peserta. Jika sebagai peserta ancaman hukumannya sama dengan pelaku, sedangkan jika sebagai pembantu ancaman hukumannya dikurangi sepertiganya dari ancaman yang dijatuhkan pada pelaku. Mengenai kedudukan penerbit, para sarjana mempunyai perbedaanperbedaan pendapat. Ada sarjana yang berpendapat bahwa penerbit adalah sebagai pembantu karena ia hanya membantu berupa memberikan kesempatan untuk melaksanakan kejahatan, akan tetapi sebagian besar sarjana berpendapat bahwa penerbit adalah sebagai peserta pelaku ( mededader ), karena antara pengarang dan penerbit bekerja bersama-sama untuk melakukan drupkersdelicht sebagai kawan peserta yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 579 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masing-masing melakukan satu bagian kejahatan itu; pengarang menjadikan dan penerbit mengumumkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. R. Moegono condong memasukkan penerbit sebagai peserta pelaku ( mededader ) karena tindak pidana pers hanya dapat terjadi setelah adanya kerjasama antara penerbit dengan penulis/pengarang/pelukis/ penggambar atau si pemotret.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Jonkers berpendapat sama dengan alasan bahwa dalam tindak pidana pers hanya dapat terjadi jika ada kerjasama antara penulis, pelukis/ penggambar dan sebagainya dengan penerbit. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapatnya tentang mededaderschap yang menentukan harus dipenuhinya persyaratan mengenai delik formil dan delik materiil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 250, "width": 44, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pompe", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 147, "top": 250, "width": 66, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memandangnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 221, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebagai medepleger/mededader dengan alasan bahwa menerbitkan adalah membuat supaya bisa didapat oleh umum. Maka dari itu selain penulis, penerbit juga disebut sebagai turut melakukan perbuatan pelaksanaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 319, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Van Hattum berpendapat bahwa baik auteur atau penulis maupun penerbit masing-masing tidak melakukan tindak pidana itu seluruhnya. Penerbit melakukan tindak pidana publikasi yang merupakan perbuatan pelaksanaan. Jadi penerbit adalah mededader.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 388, "width": 235, "height": 239, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Langemeyer dan Van Hammel menganggap penerbit adalah medeplichtige karena sudah semenjak dalam rancangan semula ditentukan demikian87 dan orang yang bersangkutan tersendiri harus memenuhi unsur tindak pidana itu seluruhnya. Sutamijah-Hadi menyetujui pendapat yang menganggap bahwa penerbit sebagai mededader sebab apa yang dilakukannya dalam tindak pidana pers itu adalah perbuatan pelaksanaan, sedangkan tindak pidana pers tersebut tidak akan terjadi tanpa adanya publikasi, tanpa kerjasamanya yang berdasarkan persetujuan antara penulis, pelukis/penggambar, dan sebagainya itu dengan penerbit untuk menyamapaikan buah pikiran atau perasaan yang bersangkutan kepada khalayak (sehingga dipublisir ke masyarakat umum). f. Tentang rechtpositie dari penerbit ini, Marhaban Zainun sependapat dengan Sutamijah-Hadi karena mengingat adanya perkembangan teori yang dulu dianggap sebagai medeplichtige tapi akhir-akhir ini para ahli cenderung untuk menganggapnya medepleger/mededader.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 629, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diantara pendapat-pendapat yang telah dikemukakan diatas, penulis mengikuti pendapat bahwa penerbit adalah mededader (peserta pelaku) sebab untuk terjadinya tindak pidana pers hanya mungkin setelah adanya kerjasama antara pengarang (penulis/pelukis) dengan penerbit. Tanpa adanya kerjasama tersebut tidak mungkin ada tindak pidana pers (Santosa, 2017b). Meskipun ada tulisan atau karangan namun apabila tidak dipublikasikan maka tidak akan ada tindak pidana pers, hal ini dikarenakan bahwa publikasi merupakan syarat utama dari adanya tindak pidana pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pencetak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 100, "width": 235, "height": 159, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diatur dalam pasal 62 KUHP. Keterangan dalam pasal 61 KUHP juga berlaku bagi pencetak ( drupker ) hanya bedanya bagi pencetak tidak perlu menyebutkan siapa pembuatnya, akan cukup dengan menyebutkan siapa orang yang telah menyuruh mencetak barang itu. Perkataan menyuruh dalam ayat 2 harus diartikan sebagai perintah. Perbuatan pencetak itu dianggap sebagai membantu melakukan ( medeplichtige ). Dalam pasal 484 KUHP menentukan bahwa kejahatan yang diatur di dalamnya adalah suatu tindak pidana percetakan ( drupkersdelicht ) mengancam hukuman pada pencetak yang mencetak tulisan atau gambar yang dapat dihukum karena sifatnya jika dipenuhi syarat-syarat tersebut pada sub 1 dan 2 dari pasal ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 261, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai kedudukan pencetak pada umumnya telah ada kesepakatan baik diantara para sarjana maupun di dalam yurisprudensi yaitu bahwa kalau terjadi tindak pidana pers, ia adalah hanya merupakan medeplichtige atau pembantu (dalam melakukan kejahatan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 319, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Menurut Jonkers : karena ia membantu dalam melakukan perbuatan pidana;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Menurut Pompe : sebab perbuatannya bukanlah perbuatan pelaksanaan melainkan perbuatan membantu;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 376, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menurut Loyon Langemeyer : sebab dalam rancangan semula dipakai istilah medeplichtige.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 399, "width": 236, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Redaksi/redaktur Baik Drupekers-Reglement maupu dalam KUHP sama sekali tidak menyebut soal redaktur. Dengan demikian baginya sepenuhnya berlaku peraturanperaturan tentang penyertaan. Ini berarti bahwa ia dipertanggung jawabkan sebagai deenemer (kawan berbuat) bila ia tahu akan isi tulisan/gambar merupakan pendorong bagi redaktur untuk mengadakan sensor, tetapi sensor yang diadakan oleh redaktur itu tidak merupakan keberatan yang berarti sebab :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 514, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Hal itu sudah sewajarnya dan umum pun sudah mengakui hak redaktur untuk memilih tulisan-tulisan mana yang akan dimuat dalam majalah/harian yang dipimpinnya dan tulisan-tulisan mana yang harus ditolaknya karena memang disitulah letak tugasnya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 572, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pada umumnya untuk menjadi redaktur, orang harus memenuhi syarat tingkat pengetahuan tertentu, syarat mana tidak diharuskan bagi pencetak/penerbit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 606, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pertanggungjawaban terhadap redaktur belum ada kesatuan pendapat diantara para sarjana. Hanya terdapat tiga kemungkinan, apakah ia dapat dikualifisir sebagai :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 652, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pelaku ( dader/pleger );", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 664, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Peserta pelaku ( mededader/medepleger ); atau sebagai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 675, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pembantu ( medeplichtige ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 687, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun beberapa sarjana berpendapat : a. Is Cassuto “Perbuatan-perbuatan pencetak dan redaktur secara demikian hanya menghasilkan pembantuan karena dengan demikian perbuatan pidananya hanya dapat dibantu terlaksana.”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 744, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pompe berdasarkan Keputusan Hoge Raad tanggal 10 Desember 1928 “Redaktur adalah sebagai medepleger (peserta pelaku) karena redaktur adalah orang yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 580 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menentukan tentang apa yang akan dibuat dalam penerbitannya (harian, majalah, dan sebagainya).” c. Simons berpendapat bahwa redaktur seperti juga halnya pencetak yaitu sepanjang ia bukan penulis karangan yang bersangkutan sebagai medeplichtige karena dengan pekerjaannya itu ia hanya memudahkan terjadinya tindak pidana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Hazewinkel-Suringa menunjukkan beberapa putusan pengadilan negeri yang menganggap redaktur sebagai medepleger100, dan mengetengahkan arrest Hoge Raad tanggal 10 Desember 1928.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 159, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Oemar Seno Adji mengatakan bahwa pertanggungan jawab redaksi/redaktur dalam sistem hukum pidana positif kita yang sesungguhnya mengikuti ajaran biasa dari penyertaan ( deelneming theorie ) dengan harus dipenuhi dua syarat yang maksudnya agar dapat dipertanggungjawabkan (pidana) yaitu tahu isi/tulisan yang dimasukkan dan tahu akan sifat dipidananya tulisan.103 Oemar Seno Adji mengatakan bahwa : “Dalam KUHP, khususnya redaktur yang tersangkut, pertanggungan jawab pidananya didasarkan atas ajaran penyertaan ( deelneming ) sebab pada tiap tindak pidana pers sebagaimana dikatakan dimuka tersangkut banyak orang seperti redaktur, penerbit, pencetak dan sebagainya.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 376, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Redaktur dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai dader/pleger (pasal 55 KUHP) jika tulisan yang strafbaar karakter itu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 411, "width": 179, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Merupakan karyanya ( werkstuk ) sendiri;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 422, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Bukan karyanya sendiri dan ia tidak (mau) menyebutkan nama si penulis aslinya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Si penulis aslinya karena suatu hal atau sebab tertentu tidak dapat dituntut pidana ( on-strafrechtelijk- vervolgbaar );", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Karya orang lain yang diterimanya, tapi oleh redaktur itu telah diadakan perubahan-perubahan sedemikian rupa sehingga sudah seperti (dapat dianggap sebagai) karyanya sendiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 526, "width": 235, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika redaktur tidak mengadakan perubahan maka kedudukannya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai : mededader/medepleger (menurut Van Hattum) dengan ancaman pidana sama dengan pleger/dader (pasal 55 KUHP); dan medeplichtige (menurut Simons, Van Hamel, yurisprudensi, ilmu hukum) ancaman pidananya dikurangi sepertiga (pasal 57 ayat 1 KUHP). (Respati, 2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 618, "width": 235, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut pendapat umum, anominitas dalam pers (tulisan dengan menyembunyikan nama/identitas penulisnya yang asli) sangat diperlukan, hal ini dikarenakan banyak orang yang ingin mengemukakan pendapat/pikiran melalui media pers tapi segan melakukannya dengan namanya sendiri. Dengan demikian media pers benar-benar berfungsi sebagai penyalur pendapat umum. Ini juga diatur dalam UU Pers Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 pasal 4 ayat 4 yang menyatakan bahwa pers mempunyai “Hak Tolak”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 733, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hak tolak ini bertujuan agar wartawan dapat melindungi sumber informasi dengan cara menolak menyebutkan identitas sumber informasi. Hak tersebut dapat digunakan jika wartawan dimintai keterangan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pejabat penyidik dan atau diminta menjadi saksi di pengadilan. Hak tolak dapat dibatalkan demi kepentingan dan keselamatan negara atau ketertiban umum yang dimintakan oleh pengadilan. Mengenai hal ini Simons mengatakan : “Jika pers periodik dalam kenyataannya hendak menjadi pemimpin, tetapi sekaligus dan lebih- lebih pula pernyataan/manifestasi dari pendapat umum, maka sudah sepatutnya harian-harian itu dapat digunakan oleh banyak orang untuk menyiarkan gagasan dan pendapat mereka mengenai masalah-masalah yang aktual di kalangan luas, tetapi hal ini hanya mungkin jika si penulis itu tidak dipaksa mempertanggungjawabkan karangannya dengan nama dan tanda angan pribadinya sebab mungkin bahkan sudah seringkali terjadi bahwa seseorang tidak akan mampu mengembangkan pikirannya di muka umum jika untuk itu ia harus mengumumkan namanya.” Redaktur harus berani bertanggungjawab sebagai/selaku dader bilamana:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 296, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. ia tidak mau menyebutkan atau menyembunyikan nama si penulisnya karena sebab-sebab tertentu atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 319, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. si penulis karena sebab-sebab tertentu tidak dapat dituntut menurut hukum pidana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marhaban Zainun berpendapat bahwa dengan demikian lembaga anomitet tetap dihormati dan sebaliknya kemerdekaan/kebebaan pers juga tidak disalahgunakan karena akan atau harus ada yang bertanggungjawab. Menurut Sutamidjah-Hadi tulisan diluar tanggungan redaksi itu tidak boleh digunakan redaktur untuk melepaskan diri dari tanggungjawab secara mudah. Ia harus tetap dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 445, "width": 235, "height": 182, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Media Massa. Kesalahan pemberitaan oleh pers dapat terjadi karena dua unsur yaitu sengaja dan tidak sengaja. Ketidaksengajaan pemberitaan tidak lepas dari sifat manusia (dalam hal ini insan pers) yang tidak lepas dari kesalahan. Dalam hal meluruskan berita yang salah yang diyakini sangat merugikan kredibilitas dan reputasi perseorangan atau lembaga, atau bahkan ada unsur pencemaran nama baik atau fitnah dan perbuatan melawan hukum, ada beberapa langkah yang dapat ditempuh, yakni langkah penyelesaian berdasarkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik dan Undang-undang Pokok Pers Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 atau melalui prosedur hukum berdasarkan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan atau Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPer) (Saputra, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 629, "width": 235, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagi pihak yang dirugikan, penyelesaian berdasarkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik dan UU Pers adalah dengan mengajukan surat keberatan atas berita tersebut dan menuntut redaksi untuk melakukan ralat (pelurusan berita) dengan memberikan pelurusan informasi yang diinginkan berdasarkan hak jawab menurut Pasal 1 ayat 11 UU Pers. Berdasarkan ketentuan Nomor 7 Kode Etik Wartawan Indonesia, ditegaskan bahwa wartawan Indonesia segera mencabut dan meralat kekeliruan dalam pemberitaan serta melayani hak jawab. Dalam kaitan penggunaan hak jawab tersebut maka langkah pertama adalah mengirimkan surat keberatan kepada redaktur atau langsung ke pemimpin redaksinya, bukan kepada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 581 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "wartawan yang menuliskan beritanya. Surat keberatan tersebut disertai dengan tembusan ke Dewan Pers, yakni lembaga atau dewan kehormatan profesi pers, yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah dan PWI (Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia) yang ada di Jakarta serta Dewan Kehormatan Pers yang dibentuk oleh PWI di daerah-daerah. Selain itu, apabila penerbitan pers bersangkutan memiliki lembaga ombudsman, yakni lembaga yang dibentuk oleh perusahaan pers tersebut untuk menjaga kehormatan profesi dan profesionalisme para wartawannya, tembusan surat keberatan dan tuntutan pelurusan berita dikirimkan juga ke pengurus ombudsman- nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 227, "width": 235, "height": 250, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia terdapat perusahaan pers yang memiliki lembaga ombudsman sendiri yaitu Harian Jawa Pos dan Kompas yang telah difungsikan secara efektif. Lembaga tersebut difungsikan sebagai mediator negosiasi antara jajaran redaksi dengan pihak yang dirugikan oleh pemberitaan untuk menemukan solusi yang sama-sama menguntungkan ( win-win solution ) (Rachman et al., 2020). Redaktur yang menerima surat keberatan tersebut umumnya akan membawa permasalahan ke dalam rapat redaksi untuk diputuskan penyelesaiannya. Sebagai perusahaan-perusahaan pers yang dinilai memiliki kredibilitas dan integritas, biasanya secara elegan mengakui kesalahan pemberitaannya dan melayani hak jawab dari pihak yang dirugikan, bahkan melakukan pencabutan berita atau membuat pernyataan permintaan maaf secara terbuka ke publik atas kesalahannya dalam pemberitaan tersebut. Selain dengan penyelesaian diatas, langkah hukum juga diperbolehkan, baik secara pidana maupun perdata. Langkah hukum disarankan menjadi langkah terakhir ( ultimum remidium ) jika langkah- langkah penyelesaian melalui Kode Etik Jurnalistik dan UU Pers gagal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Analisa Penulis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan demokrasi di Indonesia setelah Era Reformasi telah membawa dampak positif bagi kebebasan Pers di Indonesia. Dengan disahkannya UU Pers mengartikan bahwa kebebasan pers telah mendapatkan jaminan secara konstitusional seperti larangan atas tindakan - tindakan preventif seperti pencabutan ijin maupun pembreidelan. Salah satu ekses buruk yang ditimbulkan dari kebebasan pers adalah terjadinya pemberitaan yang bersifat mencemarkan nama baik objek pemberitaan atau karya jurnalistik (Ananda, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 618, "width": 235, "height": 158, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tindakan pencemaran nama baik termasuk dalam tindak pidana penghinaan yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Tujuannya adalah untuk melindungi kehormatan, martabat, serta nama baik orang sehingga dapat tercipta ketentraman dan ketertiban dalam masyarakat. Mengenai tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik yang dilakukan oleh pers tidak diatur secara khusus oleh UU Pers sehingga yang berlaku adalah aturan yang lebih umum yakni Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Akan tetapi yang menjadi persoalan adalah pengenaan pasal pencemaran nama baik terhadap pers dianggap sebagai suatu pembatasan terhadap kebebasan pers. Oleh karena itu, maka dirumuskan Bagaimana bentuk pertanggung jawaban pidana yang seharusnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diberlakukan terhadap tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik yang dilakukan oleh Pers dan Bagaimana fungsi Hak Jawab menurut Hukum Pidana dan UU Pers (Palit, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 235, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya penyelesaian atas pemberitaan atau karya jurnalistik yang dianggap sebagai pencemaran nama baik sebenarnya dapat diselesaikan dengan mengefektifkan hak jawab yang merupakan hak dari objek pemberitaan melalui Dewan Pers(Rahman, 2017). Sebab pencemaran nama baik dalam pemberitaan memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan etika profesi pers sehingga sebaiknya diselesaikan melalui upaya penggunaan hak jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanggungjawaban pers harus secara tegas meletakkan posisi individu pembuat berita dan dimasukkan dalam politik keredaksian yang menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari misi pers. Bentuk pertanggungjawaban berdasarkan konsep air terjun kiranya perlu dipertegas dengan memberikan kualifikasi siapa yang harus memikul tanggungjawab. Istilah “dapat” hendaknya tidak dijadikan alasan untuk pimpinan redaksi untuk melepaskan diri dari tanggungjawab. Sebaliknya wartawan juga lebih berhati-hati manakala muncul tuntunan akibat pemberitaan hasil liputannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 388, "top": 354, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. K ESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 371, "width": 235, "height": 170, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan hukum bagi wartawan dalam melakukan kegiatan Jurnalistik, di atur dalam Undang-Undang No 40 tahun 1999 tentang Pers (UU Pers 1999). Dalam UU Pers 1999 Pasal 15 disebutkan tentang perlunya dibentuk Dewan Pers yang independen sebagai upaya mengembangkan kemerdekaan pers dan selanjutnya Dewan Pers dengan beberapa pertimbangan maka disusunlah Kode Etik Jurnalistik (KEJ), Dibentuknya kode etik ini adalah untuk menjamin kemerdekaan pers dan memenuhi hak publik untuk memperoleh informasi yang benar, wartawan Indonesia memerlukan landasan moral dan etika profesi sebagai pedoman operasional dalam menjaga kepercayaan publik dan menegakkan integritas serta profesionalisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 544, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut peneliti tanggungjawab atas pemberitaan pers di Media massa selama ini masih belum jelas. Mekanisme pertanggungjawaban bersifat water full ternyata belum mencerminkan nilai keadilan yang ditegaskan di atas prinsip bahwa yang berbuat harus bertanggungjawab. Padahal tataran pertanggungjawaban ini telah digariskan dalam peraturan perundang- undangan. Sebagai akibatnya, penyelesaiaan terhadap pemberitaan pers di media massa selama ini juga belum mencerminkan prinsip keadilan dan penghargaan terhadap HAM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 386, "top": 682, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D AFTAR P USTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 700, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-’adl, J., & Zainal, A. (2016). Pencemaran Nama Baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 711, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui Teknologi Informasi Ditinjau Dari Hukum Pidana. Al-’Adl, 9(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.31332/Aladl.V9I1.668", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 746, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda, L. A. (2018). Menguji Efektifitas Sanksi Pidana Untuk Kasus Pencemaran Naman Baik Dalam Kehidupan Nyata Dan Dunia Maya. Jurnal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 582 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kawistara, 8(1), 104–106. https://doi.org/10.22146/Kawistara.38970 Asmadi, E. (2021). Rumusan Delik dan Pemidanaan Bagi Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 235, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosial. DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.30596/DLL.V6I1.4910 Djanggih Fakultas HukumUniversitas Tompotika Luwuk Jl Dewi Sartika, H., Banggai, K., Tengah, S., & Hipan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk Banggai Jl Ahmad Dahlan No, N. K. (2018). Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Perkarapencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial (Kajian Putusan Nomor: 324/Pid./2014/PN.SGM). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 18(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.30641/Dejure.2018.V18.93-102 Efendi, J., & Ibrahim, J. (2018). Metode Penelitian Hukum : Normatif Dan Empiris. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=N- deDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=on epage&q&f=false", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 342, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hutagalung, I. (2013). Dinamika Sistem Pers di Indonesia. Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(2), 156–163.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 376, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.14710/Interaksi.2.2.156-163", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 388, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyono, G. P. (2017). Kebijakan formulasi tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.26905/IDJCH.V8I2.1669", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 434, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muthia, F. R., & Arifin, R. (2019). Kajian Hukum Pidana Pada Kasus Kejahatan Mayantara (Cybercrime) Dalam Perkara Pencemaran Nama Baik Di Indonesia. Resam Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.32661/Resam.V5I1.18", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Palit, F. H. (2013). Kajian Hukum Mengenai Tindak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 503, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Yang Dilakukan Melalui Mendia Eelektronik (Menurut UU NO. 11 Tahun 2008). 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Kejahatan Pencemaran Nama Baik Atas Pemberitaan Pers di Kota Palangka Raya. Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 687, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(1), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.33084/Restorica.V3I1.635", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 710, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahmawati, I., & Gani, R. A. (2017). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Delik Pers (Suatu Kajian Normatif). Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum, 1(4), 133–190.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 756, "width": 174, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.33087/Legalitas.V1I4.74", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respati, W. (2014). Transformasi Media Massa Menuju Era Masyarakat Informasi di Indonesia. Humaniora, 5(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.21512/Humaniora.V5I1.2979 Restendy, M. S., Sunan, U., & Yogyakarta, K. (2020). Dinamika Produksi Media Cetak dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 158, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tantangan Industri Pers di Indonesia. Al-Ittishol: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam, 1(2), 141–164.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 192, "width": 206, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://ejournal.iaiskjmalang.ac.id/index.php/ittisho l/article/view/166", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Santosa, B. A. (2017a). Peran Media Massa dalam Mencegah Konflik. Jurnal Aspikom, 3(2), 199–214. http://jurnalaspikom.org/index.php/aspikom/article/ view/128", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 261, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Santosa, B. A. (2017b). Peran Media Massa dalam Mencegah Konflik. Jurnal Aaspikom, 3(2), 199– 214.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 296, "width": 206, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jurnalaspikom.org/index.php/aspikom/article/ view/128", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 319, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Santoso, P. (2016). Konstruksi Sosial Media Massa. 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f2127cc7-4340-577e-c94d-a0d725a30dc5	https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/JAPSPs/article/download/5634/3827	[ { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 68, "top": 60, "width": 463, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEPEMIMPINAN INSTRUKSIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH, KOMITMEN GURU DAN MUTU KINERJA MENGAJAR GURU", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 108, "width": 152, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh : Cucu Sukmawati [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 163, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Endang Herawan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 217, "top": 177, "width": 164, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 225, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 484, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang optimalisasi mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Mutu kinerja mengajar guru merupakan unsur penting dalam meraih mutu pendidikan. Tuntutan yang semakin mendesak akan guru yang berkualitas dan berkinerja optimal dalam melaksanakan peran dan tugasnya sebagai pendidik berimplikasi pada perlunya upaya pengembangan kinerja guru secara berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah terdeskripsikannya dan teranalisisnya pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 85 guru dan 98 siswa kelas IX.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner.Data dianalisis melalui analisis korelasi dan regresi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu kinerja mengajar guru berada pada kategori tinggi, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berada pada kategori tinggi, dan komitmen guru berada pada kategori sangat tinggi.Secara parsial,kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guruberpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.Selanjutnya secara simultan, juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 386, "width": 438, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: mutu kinerja mengajar guru, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, komitmen guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 434, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 485, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research describes the optimization of the teaching performance quality of the teachers of the state junior high schools in Sukabumi City. The teachers’ teaching performance quality is an essential element required in achieving quality education. The increasingly urging demand of teachers who have good quality and optimum performance in playing their roles and fulfilling their duties as educators is implicated in the needs of sustainable effort of teachers’ performance development. The objective of this research is to describe and analyze the effect of principals’ instructional leadership and teachers’ commitment on the teaching performance quality of the teachers of the state junior high schools in Sukabumi City. The method used was survey method with quantitative approach. The numbers of samples of this research were 85 teachers and 98 students of the ninth grade. The data collection technique was using questionnaires. The data were analyzed through correlation and regression analyses. The results of the research showed that the teachers’ teaching performance quality was in the high category, the instructional leadership of the principals was in the high category, and the teachers’ commitment was in the very high category.Partially, the principals’ instructional leadership and the teachers’ commitment positively and significantly affects the teachers’ teaching performance quality. Furthermore simultaneously, it alsopositively and significantly affects the teachers’ teaching performance quality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 606, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: teachers’ teaching performance quality, principals’ instructional leadership, teachers’ commitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 629, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 661, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan upaya mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan cara yang utama dalam meningkatkan mutu sumber daya manusia (SDM). Kontribusi pendidikan terhadap pembangunan bangsa yaitu menghasilkan SDM yang berkualitas. Siklus pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara dapat dicapai dengan investasi SDM melalui pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 661, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kota Sukabumi merupakan salah satu kota andalan di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Dalam menjawab tuntutan perkembangan dunia global, upaya pembangunan Kota Sukabumi lebih diarahkan pada pengembangan sumber daya manusia.Mengingat Kota Sukabumi tidak memiliki sumber daya alam yang dapat diunggulkan.Oleh karena itu, peranan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "69", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pendidikan lebih ditonjolkan untuk menghasilkan SDM yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 97, "width": 228, "height": 275, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kota Sukabumi Tahun 2013-2018 disampaikan bahwa secara umum permasalahan yang dihadapi Kota Sukabumi dalam bidang pendidikan adalah kurangnya tenaga pendidik yang profesional, berkualitas, dan kompeten dalam bidang yang diajarkannya…(Perda Nomor 5 Tahun 2013). Untuk menindaklanjuti isu strategis tersebut dan untuk mewujudkan visi Kota Sukabumi sebagai pusat pelayanan berkualitas bidang pendidikan, pemerintah Kota Sukabumi menetapkan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pendidikan melalui salah satu sasarannya yaitu meningkatnya kinerja pendidik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 381, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru sebagai tenaga pendidik mempunyai peran strategis dalam proses pembelajaran dan merupakan faktor yang memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap pencapaian hasil belajar siswa.Tugas guru adalah memberikan pelayanan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan yang diperlukan oleh siswa. Kebutuhan tersebut yaitu kebutuhan pokok berupa ilmu pengetahuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 228, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru hendaknya memahami, menguasai dan mampu melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan tugas utamanya yaitu mengajar. Sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Undang-Undang RI Nomor 14 tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, pasal 1 ayat 1 menyatakan bahwa,guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar dan pendidikan menengah.Selanjutnya dalam pasal 35 ayat 1, dikatakan bahwa beban kerja guru mencakup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kegiatan pokok yaitu merencanakan pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, menilai hasil pembelajaran, membimbing dan melatih peserta didik, serta melaksanakan tugas tambahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 256, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan tugas dan pekerjaan guru tidak terlepas dari cara guru itu bekerja. Guru dituntut agar selalu memiliki kinerja yang baik. Kinerja guru yaitu kemampuan yang diperlihatkan oleh guru dalam melaksanakan tugas atau pekerjaannya.Dikaitkan dengan tugas pokok guru sebagai pengajar maka untuk mendapatkan hasil belajar siswa yang tinggi diperlukan kinerja mengajar guru yang tinggi pula. Kinerja mengajar guru yang bermutu akan sangat menentukan pada kualitas hasil pembelajaran siswa karena guru adalah pihak yang bersentuhan langsung dengan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 400, "width": 228, "height": 352, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran yang bermutu adalah pembelajaran yang mampu meletakkan posisi guru dengan tepat sehingga guru mampu menjalankan kinerjanya dengan baik sesuai dengan kebutuhan belajar siswa. Mutu kinerja mengajar guru dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian perilaku atau kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh guru berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam memberikan layanan pengajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan siswa serta tujuan pembelajaran yang hendak dicapai secara efektif dan efisien. Mutu kinerja mengajar guru ditunjukkan dalam proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung efektif, dimana guru dipersyaratkan memiliki kompetensi, profesionalisme dan kemampuan pedagogik yaitu antara lain penguasaan terhadap materi yang akan diajarkan, mampu merencanakan dan melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran, serta mampu melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "70", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 484, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permasalahan kurangnya tenaga pendidik yang profesional, berkualitas dan kompeten dalam bidang yang diajarkannya yang dihadapi oleh Kota Sukabumi diantisipasi dengan meningkatkan kinerja guru. Untuk itu Penilaian Kinerja Guru (PKG) atau sering disebut sebagai penilaian prestasi kerja perlu dilaksanakan sesuai dengan arah kebijakan pemerintah yang mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi (Permenneg PAN dan RB Nomor 16 Tahun 2009) tentang jabatan fungsional guru dan angka kreditnya, disebutkan bahwa penilaian kinerja guru adalah penilaian dari tiap butir kegiatan tugas utama guru dalam rangka pembinaan karier kepangkatan dan jabatannya. Kebijakan tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dan memfasilitasi guru dalam mengembangkan profesionalismenya dengan jalan menilai kinerja guru setiap tahun.PKG memberikan kontribusi secara langsung pada mutu pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru sekaligus membantu pengembangan kariernya sebagai tenaga profesional.Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru dapat ditingkatkan dari waktu ke waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 552, "width": 228, "height": 219, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penilaian kinerja guru tahun 2015 terhadap guru-guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah pada setiap unit kerjanya, diperoleh nilai PK Guru sub unsur pembelajaran/bimbingan dalam rentang 76-90 yaitu berada pada kategori baik. Meskipun dari hasil penilaian kinerja guru sudah baik, akan tetapi perlu dilakukan upaya optimalisasi secara terus menerus. Dari hasil PKG tersebut, masih ditemukan adanya beberapa guru yang belum secara utuh melaksanakan PAIKEM, masih lemah dalam mengembangkan materi, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "belum semua guru menggunakan alat bantu pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 97, "width": 226, "height": 351, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penilaian kinerja guru yang sudah baik perlu ditingkatkan atau minimal dipertahankan.Upaya ke arah tersebut memerlukan dukungan baik secara eksternal maupun internal.Dukungan eksternal paling tinggi berasal dari organisasi sekolah, seorang kepala sekolah menjadi pimpinan langsung dari guru yang memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab terhadap peningkatan mutu kinerja mengajar guru.Model kepemimpinan instruksional sangat cocok diterapkan bagi kepala sekolah yang memiliki perhatian tinggi terhadap mutu akademik atau pembelajaran.Kepala sekolah instruksional memberikan alokasi waktu yang lebih banyak untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran melalui aktivitas-aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan kinerja guru.Dengan membatasi kegiatan-kegiatan yang bersifat seremonial dan kegiatan non akademis lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara, dukungan internal yang kuat yang muncul dari dalam diri guru itu sendiri adalah komitmen. Guru memerlukan suatu komitmen dalam menjalankan kinerjanya. Komitmen guru mencerminkan kesungguhan, tanggung jawab, kepedulian, semangat, dan loyalitas dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas pembelajaran.Komitmen ditunjukkan dalam sikap keyakinan dan penerimaan yang kuat terhadap tugas dan kewajiban yang dibebankan kepadanya. Dengan komitmen yang tinggi, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan tercapai secara optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 685, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, diduga bahwa faktor kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru dapat meningkatkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru, sehingga peneliti mengambil fokus penelitian sebagai variabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "71", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengaruh adalah kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 97, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep mutu perlu dipahami dengan baik dan jelas agar rencana program peningkatan mutu dapat terarah dan memberikan hasil yang optimal.Para ahli mendefinisikan mutu dari berbagai sudut pandangnya masing-masing. Usman (2014, hlm. 541) mengutip beberapa definisi mengenai mutu sebagai berikut: (1) Deming, mendefinisikan mutu sebagai satu tingkat yang dapat diprediksi dari keseragaman dan ketergantungan pada biaya yang rendah sesuai pasar, (2) Juran, mengartikan mutu sebagai kemampuan untuk digunakan ( fitness for use ), (3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 343, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Crosby, menyatakan bahwa mutu sesuai persyaratan.Berdasarkan pendapat-pendapat tersebut, yang disebut mutu adalah sifat-sifat produk atau jasa yang sesuai persyaratan dan memiliki kemampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan penggunanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 314, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbicara tentang mutu berarti berbicara tentang suatu produk atau layanan (jasa).Dari sisi penyelenggaraannya, pendidikan termasuk kategori layanan jasa ( service ). Jasa menurut Kotler (dalam Syamsi, 2008) adalah setiap tindakan atau unjuk kerja yang ditawarkan oleh satu pihak ke pihak lain yang secara prinsip intangible dan tidak menyebabkan perpindahan kepemilikan apapun. Dari pernyataan Kotler tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa jasa merupakan kinerja yang diberikan oleh penyedia layanan kepada konsumen.Bersifat intangible maksudnya jasa tidak berwujud, berbeda dengan barang atau benda. Jasa merupakan suatu kinerja ( performance ), tindakan, proses, atau usaha yang tidak bisa dilihat, dirasa, maupun didengar sebelum dibeli atau dikonsumsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai kinerja, Supardi (2013, hlm. 47) berpendapatbahwa kinerja adalah hasil kerja yang telah dicapai oleh seseorang dalam suatu organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan berdasarkan standardisasi atau ukuran dan waktu yang disesuaikan dengan jenis pekerjaannya dan sesuai dengan norma dan etika yang telah ditetapkan. Pernyataan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa kinerja sebagai proses dan hasil akhir dari suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan seorang pegawai dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi harus berdasarkan kepada standar atau ukuran yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 180, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan, mengajar menurut Usman dan Setiawati (1993, hlm. 6), mengajar pada prinsipnya adalah membimbing siswa dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar.Howard (dalam Slameto, 1995, hlm. 32) memberikan definisi mengajar lebih lengkap, menurutnya mengajar adalah suatu aktivitas untuk mencoba menolong, membimbing seseorang untuk mendapatkan, mengubah atau mengembangkan skills , attitude , ideals (cita-cita), appreciations (penghargaan) dan knowledge .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 295, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemahaman secara umum mengajar seringkali diartikan sebagai usaha guru untuk menyampaikan dan menanamkan pengetahuan kepada siswa atau transfer of knowledge . Padahal tugas guru dalam mengajar bukan sekedar memindahkan pengetahuan kepada siswanya, meminta siswa mencatat dan menghapalkan bahan pelajaran sehingga siswa tidak berpikir dan berbuat sesuatu, hanya mendengarkan dan menerima saja apa yang diberikan guru. Mengajar yang hanya menekankan intelektual saja tidak akan membentuk kreativitas di dalam diri siswa, jiwanya menjadi tidak kritis, kurang inisiatif, dan daya kreasi yang rendah.Menjadi tugas berat bagi guru untuk membawa perubahan tingkah laku siswa ke arah yang lebih baik. Guru perlu memikirkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "72", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagaimana bentuk penyajian pembelajaran yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 97, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep mengajar apabila dikaitkan dengan kinerja guru akan mengandung pengertian bahwa kinerja mengajar guru adalah suatu kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan tugas mengajar yaitu membimbing siswa dalam belajar dengan menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang sebaik- baiknya demi tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Untuk dapat menampilkan kinerja yang bagus, guru harus profesional dalam menjalankan tugasnya.Guru yang memiliki kinerja yang baik dan profesional dalam implementasi kurikulum menurut Basyirudin dan Usman (dalam Supardi, 2013, hlm. 59) memiliki ciri-ciri yaitu mendesain program pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran dan menilai hasil belajar peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 400, "width": 226, "height": 371, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam upaya mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, guru perlu merencanakan dan menyiapkan pembelajaran yang bermutu yaitu dengan mengkondisikan berbagai aspek pembelajaran. Menurut Sulthon (2013) untuk menuju pembelajaran yang berkualitas dibutuhkan pengkondisian berbagai aspek pembelajaran diantaranya: metode, strategi, pendekatan, pengelolaan pembelajaran, manajemen kelas, pemanfaatan media, dan penguasaan materi pembelajaran. Sulthon menambahkan bahwa dalam paradigma pendidikan modern, pembelajaran yang bermutu adalah pembelajaran yang di desain dengan subyek (siswa) dijadikan sebagai pelaku pembelajaran, dengan demikian dalam pembelajaran yang aktif melakukan belajar adalah siswa sedang guru sebagai fasilitator dan motivator dalam belajar. Hal ini bertolak belakang dengan proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh banyak guru saat ini. Guru terbiasa mendominasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam menyampaikan materi, guru terbiasa menggunakan metode ceramah, sementara siswa hanya duduk, mencatat, dan mendengarkan, sehingga siswa menjadi pasif dan suasana pembelajaran tidak kondusif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 154, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengajar pada intinya adalah melayani kebutuhan siswa dalam belajar.Untuk itu guru perlu memperhatikan kondisi siswa yang diajarnya, memahami latar belakang, kemampuan, minat, dan potensi yang dimiliki siswa. Pemenuhan terhadap kebutuhan belajar siswa akan memberi kepuasan bagi siswa yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya prestasi belajar yang dicapainya. Oleh karena itu, pelayanan yang diberikan guru harus terencana dan sistematis dengan memperhatikan dimensi kualitas pelayanan jasa dari Parasuraman, Zeithaml dan Berry (dalam Tjiptono, 2012, hlm. 174) yang meliputi: (1) reliabilitas ( reliability ), (2) daya tanggap ( responsiveness ), (3) jaminan ( assurance ), (4) empati ( empathy ), dan (5) bukti fisik ( tangibles ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru memerlukan sumber informasi data dari berbagai pihak, terutama yang terlibat langsung dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu siswa. Pandangan siswa mengenai kemampuan guru mengajar dan pelayanan yang diterimanya adalah faktor yang menentukan penilaian dan pengukuran kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu kinerja mengajar guru merupakan serangkaian perilaku atau kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh guru berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam memberikan layanan pengajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan siswa serta tujuan pembelajaran yang hendak dicapai secara efektif dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 761, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "73", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala sekolah berasal dari dua kata yaitu kepala dan sekolah, kata kepala dapat diartikan ketua atau pemimpin dalam suatu organisasi atau sebuah lembaga.Sedang sekolah adalah sebuah lembaga di mana menjadi tempat menerima dan memberi pelajaran. Wahjosumidjo (2010, hlm. 83) mengartikan kepala sekolah sebagai seorang tenaga fungsional guru yang diberi tugas untuk memimpin suatu sekolah dimana diselenggarakan proses belajar mengajar atau tempat dimana terjadi interaksi antara guru yang memberi pelajaran dan murid yang menerima pelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah kepemimpinan pembelajaran mulai dikenal di Indonesia pada tahun 2010. Menurut Huber (dalam Usman & Raharjo, 2013), kepemimpinan pembelajaran ( instructional leadership) disebut juga education leadership, school leadership, visionary leadership and teaching, learning leadership, and supervision leadership .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bush (dalam Usman, 2015) menyatakan bahwa konsep kepemimpinan instruksional fokus pada kegiatan belajar mengajar dan pada perilaku guru dalam melayani siswa.Pengaruh pemimpin ditargetkan pada pembelajaran siswa melalui guru.Sedangkan, Suhardan (2010, hlm. 73) menyampaikan bahwa kepemimpinan pembelajaran merupakan aktivitas kepala sekolah yang kesehariannya disibukkan dengan kegiatan mempengaruhi orang-orang yang menjalankan kegiatan akademik di sekolah, mereka adalah guru dan staf edukatif atau staf teaching. Sejalan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hal tersebut, Rigsbee (dalam Daryanto, 2011, hlm. 51) mengemukakan bahwa seorang kepala sekolah yang baik adalah seorang pemimpin yang bersifat instruksional yang membantu guru untuk menciptakan bagaimana cara terbaik siswa belajar. Kepala sekolah yang bersifat instruksional menempatkan agenda pembelajaran pada urutan pertama dari seluruh kegiatannya.Memberikan dukungan yang tepat untuk peningkatan mutu kinerja mengajar guru dan kesuksesan pembelajaran di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 268, "width": 226, "height": 199, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih jelas Hallinger (dalam Emmanouil dkk., 2014) menekankan bahwa seorang kepala sekolah instruksional juga mencoba untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang positif dengan mendukung pengembangan profesional, berbagi visi dan memberikan motivasi yang kuat serta inspirasi untuk pembelajaran staf pengajar (guru). Kepala sekolah instruksional memberi motivasi pada guru untuk mengembangkan profesionalisme sehingga guru mampu meningkatkan mutu pengajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pernyataan-pernyataan diatas dapat dipahami bahwa kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah adalah perilaku kepala sekolah yang memprioritaskan aktivitasnya pada pembelajaran yaitu dengan mempengaruhi, mengarahkan, dan membimbing guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar sehingga guru dapat memberikan layanan belajar terbaik kepada siswa. Dengan demikian, dapat peneliti gambarkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 274, "top": 154, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 182, "top": 173, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 211, "width": 228, "height": 256, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar di atas menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah menempatkan guru sebagai komponen utama yang perlu dikembangkan artinya kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah membangun dan mendorong munculnya kreativitas guru yang profesional, inovatif, dan kreatif dalam proses pembelajaran. Dimana pembinaan terhadap kinerja mengajar guru dalam melaksanakan tugas mengajar menjadi target utama. Kepala sekolah memberikan implikasi yang luas dan besar dalam meningkatkan kinerja mengajar guru agar bermutu. Mutu kinerja mengajar guru pada akhirnya bermuara pada peningkatan layanan belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (dalam Usman, 2013) menyatakan bahwa kepemimpinan pembelajaran efektif apabila kepala sekolah mampu memainkan perannya sebagai: (1) pemantau kerja guru, (2) penilai kinerja guru, (3) pelaksana dan pengaturan pendampingan dan pelatihan, (4) perencana Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan (PKB) guru, (5) pengkoordinasi kerja tim, dan (6) pengkoordinasi pembelajaran kolaboratif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 666, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah-langkah tersebut tampaknya perlu dilakukan mengingat laju perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang pesat serta arus globalisasi menuntut guru untuk selalu memutakhirkan wawasan dan kemampuannya. Wawasan dan kemampuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 211, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seorang guru diharapkan mampu menyokong kegiatannya dalam proses belajar mengajar, sehingga guru memiliki cara pandang yang maju dalam menilai berbagai hal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 180, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai konsep kepemimpinan yang fokus pada kegiatan belajar mengajar dan perilaku guru dalam melayani siswa, maka kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin instruksional memfokuskan kegiatannya pada upaya peningkatan dan perbaikan mutu kinerja mengajar para gurunya, yaitu dengan mengajak, mendorong, mengarahkan, dan memfasilitasi guru bagi pengembangan kinerjanya. Memberdayakan guru sehingga memiliki keunggulan dalam mutu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 495, "width": 226, "height": 238, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen pada umumnya didefinisikan sebagai keterikatan tingkat tinggi terhadap sebuah organisasi, aktivitas atau orang (Crosswell, 2006).Menurut Armstrong (2003, hlm. 34), komitmen adalah kecintaan dan kesetiaan. Sementara Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, dan Uhl- Bien (dalam Wibowo, 2014, hlm. 428) menyatakan komitmen sebagai loyalitas seorang individu pada organisasi. Dari pernyataan-pernyataan tersebut, maka komitmen dapat dikatakan sebagai bentuk keterikatan, kecintaan, kesetiaan, dan loyalitas individu baik terhadap organisasi, pekerjaan, maupun orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 742, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Graham (1996), komitmen guru adalah faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 86, "width": 325, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala sekolah Pengembangan Guru Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru Layanan Belajar Siswa", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "belajar mengajar. Hal ini mengandung pemahaman bahwa guru sebagai individu memiliki keterlibatan dengan sekolah, dengan materi pelajaran, tujuan pembelajaran, dan niat guru untuk mempertahankan keanggotaan organisasi, semua ini akan berpengaruh terhadap proses pembelajaran yang dilakukannya. Senada dengan Coladarci (dalam Fresko dkk.,1997) yang mendefinisikan komitmen guru sebagai derajat keterikatan psikologis bagi profesi mengajar. Komitmen guru mencerminkan derajat hubungan yang dimiliki oleh guru terhadap pekerjaannya yaitu mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Crosswell (2006) menyebutkan dimensi- dimensi penting dari komitmen guru diantaranya adalah komitmen terhadap: (1) sekolah atau organisasi, (2) siswa, (3) kelanjutan karier, (4) pengetahuan dasar profesional, dan (5) profesi mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 400, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mart (2013a) mengungkapkan bahwa guru yang memiliki komitmen pada sekolah menunjukkan sikap seperti: bangga dengan sekolah tempatnya bekerja, membangkitkan keinginan untuk bekerja lebih keras, tertarik pada masa depan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 514, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru terhadap siswa, menurut Park (2005) meliputi kesediaan guru untuk membantu siswa dan bertanggung jawab atas pembelajaran siswa dan kehidupan sekolah.Dalam hal ini, Mart (2013b) mengungkapkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 197, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A commited teacher always makes every effort to advance students’ professional competence by providing them a quality learning environment. A commited teacher, trough making effective contribution to the achievement of students, endeavors their students to be well-educated in their community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seorang guru yang memiliki komitmen terhadap siswa akan berusaha menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang berkualitas, siswa diposisikan sebagai subjek belajar dan guru sebagai fasilitator. Guru berupaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi siswa dengan cara membimbing dan memotivasi siswa agar mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 211, "width": 226, "height": 332, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nias dkk. (dalam Crosswell, 2006) menyebutkan bahwa aspek lain dari komitmen adalah memperhatikan kelanjutan karier. Kelanjutan karier merupakan proses dan kegiatan mempersiapkan pegawai untuk jabatan yang akan datang. Komitmen guru terhadap kelanjutan karier di tunjukkan dengan keterlibatan guru di dalam meningkatkan kompetensinya agar karier yang digeluti dapat berkembang maksimal.Diantaranya, menghadiri forum atau kegiatan ilmiah.Menurut Noordin dkk. (2008), orang yang berkomitmen terhadap kariernya akan mungkin berkinerja lebih baik dan ini akan mengarah pada kinerja organisasi yang lebih baik secara keseluruhan. Seorang guru hendaklah memiliki komitmen untuk mengembangkan kariernya, selain dapat meningkatkan kompetensi juga akan meningkatkan kinerja mengajarnya lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 552, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Good dan Brophy (Ohi, 2007) berpendapat bahwa untuk menjadi pembuat kebijakan yang aktif dan untuk mengembangkan pribadi mereka, guru perlu memahami pengetahuan dasar yang mendukung pengajaran, meliputi tidak hanya informasi tentang strategi pembelajaran tetapi juga tentang pengembangan siswa, pembelajaran, dan motivasi. Untuk itu guru perlu meningkatkan ‘ knowledge dan expertise’ mereka secara serius dan keinginan untuk melakukannya sebaik mungkin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 332, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan, komitmen guru pada profesi menurut Somech dan Bloger (dalam Thien dkk., 2014), melibatkan keterikatan sikap terhadap profesi atau pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan identifikasi pribadi dan kepuasan sebagai guru. Profesi menunjuk pada suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian, tanggung jawab, dan kesetiaan terhadap profesi (Saud, 2013, hlm.7).Profesi dilaksanakan sebagai suatu pekerjaan dengan keterlibatan pribadi yang mendalam. Guru dikatakan sebagai sebuah profesi karena guru dituntut memiliki keahlian dalam mengajar, merancang pengajaran, dan mengelola kelas. Thapan (dalam Mart, 2013a) menyebutkan bahwa komitmen untuk mengajar berkontribusi pada perilaku guru, sikap, persepsi, dan kinerja. Profesi guru tidak bisa dilakukan oleh sembarang orang karena harus melalui proses pendidikan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelatihan yang intensif. Komitmen guru terhadap profesi ditunjukkan dengan melaksanakan tugas penuh tanggung jawab dan kemauan yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan keahlian dan kemampuan profesionalnya secara terus-menerus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 154, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru.Ditandai dengan keinginan guru untuk mengerjakan tugasnya dengan serius dan sungguh-sungguh. Guru akan menjiwai peran sebagai tenaga pendidik, menjiwai siswa dan menjiwai bidang studi yang diajarkannya.Apabila proses pembelajaran ini dikembangkan maka siswa akan menjadi output yang memiliki kemandirian dalam berpikir. Untuk itu, siswa perlu mendapatkan pelayanan belajar yang bermutu dari sosok guru yang memiliki komitmen tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 413, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap seluruh SMP Negeri yang ada di Kota Sukabumi Provinsi Jawa Barat yang berjumlah 16 sekolah yang tersebar pada tujuh kecamatan.Populasi responden dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru dan siswa kelas IX yang terdiri dari 572 orang guru dan 4.165 orang siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 615, "width": 228, "height": 162, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melihat jumlah populasi yang besar, maka peneliti hanya akan mengambil sebagian dari populasi. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan teknik Probability Sampling .Salah satu jenis dari teknik ini adalah Simple Random Sampling .Besaran jumlah sampel yang diambil dari populasi dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin . Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh jumlah sampel guru dalam penelitian ini adalah 85", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 445, "width": 226, "height": 123, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "orang guru dan 98 orang siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket yang disusun berbentuk skala Likert .Sebelum angket disebarkan kepada responden, angket penelitian tersebut terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji coba instrumenuntuk melihat validitas dan reliabilitasnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 577, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan berikut: (1) seleksi angket untuk memeriksa dan menyeleksi kelengkapan data yang terkumpul, (2) analisis deskriptif dimaksudkan untuk melihat kecenderungan jawaban responden pada masing-masing variabel dengan menggunakan teknik Weighted Means Scored (WMS), (3) mengubah skor mentah menjadi skor baku, (4) melakukan uji persyaratan analisis data yaitu uji normalitas dan linieritas, (5) menguji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hipotesis penelitian dengan analisis korelasi dan regresi, serta uji signifikansi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 110, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 141, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 160, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa secara umum variabel mutu kinerja mengajar guru (Y) berada pada kategori tinggi dengan skor rata-rata 3,99, variabel Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah (X 1 )berada pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 141, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kategori tinggi dengan skor rata-rata 3,95, dan komitmen guru (X 2 ) berada pada kategori sangat tinggi dengan skor rata-rata 4,06.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 198, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi dan regresi baik secara sederhana maupun ganda diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 274, "width": 443, "height": 240, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Rangkuman Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis Pengaruh antar Variabel Koefisien Korelasi Koefisien Regresi Signifikansi Regresi Koefisien Determinasi Variabe l Lain X 1 terhadap Y 0,800 Sangat Kuat Y′ = 9,238 + 0,788X 1 Positif 12,145 > 1,989 Signifikan 64% 36% X 2 terhadap Y 0.842 Sangat Kuat Y′ = 7,396 + 0,825X 2 Positif 14,200 > 1,989 Signifikan 70,8% 29,2% X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y 0,889 Sangat Kuat Y′ = 1,551 + 0,401X 1 + 0,541X 2 Positif 154,83 > 3,11 Signifikan 79% 21%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 542, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas, diperoleh koefisien korelasi X 1 terhadap Y sebesar 0,800, maka hubungan antara variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru tergolong pada kategori sangat kuat. Hubungan variabel komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 0,842 tergolong pada kategori sangat kuat. Demikian juga,hasil korelasi ganda X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Yyaitu hubungan antara variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama terhadap mutu kinerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 542, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengajar guru sebesar 0,889 tergolong pada kategori sangat kuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 580, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun hasil analisis regresi X 1 terhadap Y diperoleh koefisien regresi sebesar 0,788 dan konstanta 9,238. Maka dapat digambarkan bentuk hubungan variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru dalam persamaan regresi 𝐘′ = 9,238 + 0,788X 1 . Selanjutnya, diperoleh koefisien regresi X 2 terhadap Y sebesar 0,825 dan konstanta sebesar 7,396. Maka dapat digambarkan bentuk hubungan variabel komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru dalam persamaan regresi 𝐘′ = 7,396", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "+ 0,825X 2 . Sedangkan, koefisien regresi ganda X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y, yaitu kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah (X 1 ) sebesar 0,401 dan komitmen guru (X 2 ) sebesar 0,541 dengan konstanta 1,551. Dengan demikian, persamaan regresi gandanya adalah 𝐘′ = 1,551 + 0,401X 1 + 0,541X 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 192, "width": 226, "height": 257, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji signifikansi (uji t) untuk X 1 terhadap Y diperoleh t hitung sebesar 12.145 dan diperoleh t tabel 1.989, karena t hitung > t tabel atau 12.145> 1.989, maka keputusannya pengaruh X 1 terhadap Y signifikan. Hasil uji signifikansi untuk X 2 terhadap Y diperoleh t hitung sebesar 14.200 dan t tabel 1.989, karena t hitung > t tabel atau 14.200 > 1.989, maka keputusannya pengaruh X 2 terhadap Y signifikan. Sedangkan, hasil uji signifikansi (uji F) untuk X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y, diperoleh F hitung sebesar 154,83 dan f tabel sebesar 3,11. Karena F hitung > F tabel atau 154,83> 3,11, maka keputusannya pengaruh X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 458, "width": 226, "height": 123, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai koefisien determinasi X 1 terhadap Y yaitu 0,640 atau 64%. Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 64% dan sisanya 36% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Nilai koefisien determinasi X 2 terhadap Y yaitu 0,708 atau 70,8%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 590, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel komitmen guru berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 70,8% dan sisanya 29,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Nilai koefisien determinasi X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Yyaitu 0,790 atau 79%. Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 79% dan sisanya 21% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 203, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN Gambaran Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 97, "width": 226, "height": 237, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi berada pada kategoritinggi dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 3,99. Variabel mutu kinerja mengajar guru diukur melalui lima dimensi dan diperoleh hasil pengukuran sebagai berikut: (1) reliabilitas ( reliability ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,75, (2) daya tanggap ( responsiveness ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,96, (3) jaminan ( assurance ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,11, (4) empati ( empathy ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,13, (5) bukti fisik ( tangibles ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,03.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 343, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi jaminan ( assurance ) memperoleh jawaban dengan skor paling tinggi, sedangkan reliabilitas ( reliability ) meskipun berada dalam kategori tinggi merupakan jawaban dengan skor terendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 438, "width": 226, "height": 276, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya perolehan skor rata-rata dimensi reliabilitas ( reliability ) penyebabnya antara lain, guru memulai pembelajaran tidak tepat waktu, penggunaan metode mengajar yang kurang variatif, jarang menggunakan alat bantu belajar/media yang relevan dengan materi, dan kurang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk bertanya. Hal ini akan menyebabkan faktor kebosanan pada siswa. Menurut Hasibuan dan Moedjiono (2006, hlm. 64), faktor kebosanan pada siswa disebabkan oleh adanya penyajian kegiatan belajar yang begitu-begitu saja akan mengakibatkan perhatian, motivasi, dan minat siswa terhadap pelajaran, guru, dan sekolah menurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 723, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reliabilitas atau keandalan diukur dengan tindakan pelayanan yang tepat, profesionalisme dalam menangani keluhan siswa, melayani siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan baik dan ramah, memberikan layanan belajar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan, dan memberikan pelayanan selalu sesuai dengan jadwal dan tepat waktu. Menurut Zeithaml, Bitner, dan Gremler (2006, hlm. 117), keandalan didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan untuk melakukan layanan yang dijanjikan dengan terpercaya dan akurat atau sesuai dengan apa yang dijanjikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 230, "width": 228, "height": 294, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keandalan atau reliabilitas guru yaitu: (1) kemampuan, guru harus memiliki kemampuan profesional dan memiliki kompetensi di bidangnya agar dapat meyakinkan siswa untuk berprestasi, (2) kinerja, guru dituntut memiliki kinerja yang tinggi dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, (3) kepribadian, guru memiliki kepribadian yang kuat yang menjadikannya sebagai teladan bagi siswa dan membawa citra positif bagi lembaga sekolah, (4) Kedewasaan, guru mampu mengendalikan diri dan matang dalam mengendalikan kondisi siswa. (5) komitmen, guru harus membangun dan mempertahankan komitmen dalam lingkungan belajar yang sehat, sehingga siswa akan lebih termotivasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 226, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambaran Kepemimpinan Instruksional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 552, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala Sekolah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan instruksionalkepala sekolah SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi berada pada kategoritinggi dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 3,95. Variabel diukur melalui tujuh dimensi dan diperoleh hasil pengukuran sebagai berikut: (1) peningkatan secara berkelanjutan dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,04, (2) kultur pembelajaran dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,86, (3) penilaian hasil belajar dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,79, (4) pengembangan profesionalisme", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "guru dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,91, (5) manajemen sekolah, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,94, (6) etika, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,07, (7) perbedaan, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 180, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan dari seluruh dimensi yang diteliti, dimensi etika memperoleh jawaban dengan skor paling tinggi, dan dimensi penilaian hasil belajar meskipun berada dalam kategori tinggi merupakan jawaban dengan skor terendah dari ketujuh dimensi tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan peran kepala sekolah dalam memimpin, memfasilitasi, dan berkolaborasi dengan guru dalam menilai hasil belajar siswa masih dirasakan kurang oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 324, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya perolehan skor rata-rata dimensi penilaian hasil belajar penyebabnya antara lain, kepala sekolah jarang mengajak guru berdiskusi tentang cara memberi penilaian hasil belajar siswa, dan kepala sekolah tidak memberi teguran kepada guru yang tidak mengoreksi hasil ulangan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 438, "width": 226, "height": 276, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep dimensi penilaian hasil belajar adalah kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berupaya memfasilitasi peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di sekolah berdasarkan hasil penilaian yang dilakukan secara berkelanjutan.Penilaian ( assessment ) merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Dengan penilaian tersebut dapat diketahui tingkat kemajuan belajar siswa, kemampuan siswa baik kekurangan atau kelebihan siswa dalam belajar, dan menjadi feedback bagi guru untuk mengevaluasi tingkat keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar. Untuk itu, kepala sekolah perlu memperhatikan hal-hal yang terkait dengan penilaian dalam pembelajaran tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 723, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Hargreaves dkk.(2001), menekankan perlunya pemimpin instruksional untuk membantu guru menyesuaikan tuntutan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ujian dengan penilaian profesional berkelanjutan untuk pengembangan siswa.Sedangkan Lingard dkk.(2003) mengemukakan bahwa, hal terpenting yang diperlukan dalam pembelajaran adalah pengembangan ruang dalam sekolah untuk membahas cara-cara dimana praktek kelas (penilaian dan pedagogik) dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja secara produktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 211, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan kemampuan guru dalam menilai hasil belajar diterapkan oleh kepala sekolah dengan berbagai strategi, diantaranya: (1) melakukan kunjungan kelas untuk melihat proses penilaian secara langsung, (2) mengadakan rapat- rapat pembinaan guru untuk mengenalkan informasi baru yang perlu diketahui guru berkaitan dengan penilaian hasil belajar siswa, (3) mengikutsertakan para guru dalam diklat, seminar, dan penataran pendidikan yang membahas tentang penilaian, (4) mendorong para guru agar aktif dalam kegiatan Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) karena melalui MGMP ini guru dapat berdiskusi untuk memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi dalam mengajar termasuk dalam memberikan penilaian dan pembuatan instrumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 514, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian hasil belajar dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi untuk perbaikan proses belajar siswa. Siswa diberi kesempatan untuk mengikuti program remedial dan pengayaan untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal.Bagi kepala sekolah, penilaian hasil belajar siswa digunakan sebagai dasar untuk membuat keputusan, menyusun kebijakan dan mengembangkan program selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 666, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambaran Komitmen Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 685, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa komitmen guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi berada pada kategorisangat tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 4,06. Variabel komitmen guru diukur melalui lima", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dimensi dan diperoleh hasil pengukuran sebagai berikut: (1) komitmen terhadap sekolah atau organisasi dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,99, (2) komitmen terhadap siswa dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,88, (3) komitmen terhadap kelanjutan karir dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,11, (4) komitmen terhadap pengetahuan dasar professional dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,08, (5) komitmen terhadap profesi mengajar, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 249, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum komitmen guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi tergolong sudah sudah sangat baik.Berdasarkan temuan dari seluruh dimensi yang diteliti, dimensi komitmen terhadap profesi mengajar memperoleh jawaban dengan skor paling tinggi, dan dimensi komitmen terhadap siswa meskipun berada dalam kategori tinggi merupakan jawaban dengan skor terendah dari kelima dimensi tersebut.Hal ini menunjukkan komitmen guru untuk membantu siswa dalam pembelajaran dan mengembangkan kemampuan terbaik siswa belum sepenuhnya terealisasikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya perolehan skor rata-rata pada dimensi komitmen terhadap siswa penyebabnya antara lain, guru kurang berusaha menggali potensi yang dimiliki siswa untuk dikembangkan dan belum sepenuhnya memonitor perkembangan siswa pada aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang bermutu dapat dicapai apabila guru dapat memenuhi kebutuhan siswa.Untuk mewujudkan pembelajaran yang memuaskan diperlukan suatu komitmen guru yang penuh kesungguhan dalam memberikan layanan pembelajaran.Menurut Kotler (1999, hlm. 52) kepuasan adalah tingkat perasaan seseorang setelah membandingkan kinerja (atau hasil) yang dirasakan dibandingkan dengan harapannya.Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sangat mengharapkan layanan guru secara maksimal yaitu guru memiliki tujuan untuk dapat melayani kepentingan terbaik siswa, terutama prestasi akademiknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Mart (2013b), komitmen guru sangat terkait dengan kinerja guru dimana memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa.Lebih lanjut Mart menjelaskan, seorang guru yang memiliki komitmen selalu berusaha untuk meningkatkan kompetensi siswa dengan menyediakan mereka lingkungan belajar yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 332, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seorang guru yang berkomitmen untuk siswa adalah guru yang menempatkan belajar dan minat siswa di atas segalanya. Beberapa karakteristik seorang guru yang mengutamakan komitmennya untuk siswa antara lain: (1) memilih bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa, (2) merencanakan pembelajaran dengan mempertimbangkan minat khusus siswa, (3) memperhatikan siswa dan mengingatkannya ketika melakukan kesalahan, (4) memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk tetap berhubungan dengan mereka di luar jam pelajaran, (5) berusaha tidak membawa masalah pribadi yang dapat mempengaruhi kelas, (6) menghormati siswa, (7) ingin siswanya berhasil dan membantu mereka menjadi pelajar yang mandiri (8) berusaha melakukan penilaian dengan tepat waktu agar secepatnya dapat dilakukan umpan balik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 628, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Singh dan Billinnsgley (dalam Mart, 2013b) menekankan bahwa rendahnya tingkat komitmen guru menurunkan prestasi belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, sudah seyogyanya guru mempunyai komitmen terhadap siswa dan proses belajarnya karena komitmen tinggi guru adalah untuk kepentingan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah terhadap Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Besarnya pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru adalah 64%, sisanya sebesar 36% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 268, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, dari perhitungan analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu poin kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0.788 poin. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah merupakan salah satu faktor yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 495, "width": 228, "height": 276, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru, disebabkan karena aktivitas kepala sekolah yang benar-benar memfokuskan diri terhadap peningkatan proses dan hasil belajar siswa melalui guru. Artinya kepemimpinan instruksional memberdayakan segenap kemampuan guru dalam mengajar sehingga mutu kinerja mengajar guru meningkat.Kinerja mengajar guru yang bermutu pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar siswa karena hasil belajar siswa tidak langsung dari kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, melainkan melalui proses pengajaran yang dilakukan guru. Pernyataan ini didukung oleh hasil penelitian Leitwood dkk. (dalam Usman,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2015) yang menemukan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap hasil belajar siswa, tetapi melalui guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan temuan penelitian Usman (2015), yaitu kepemimpinan instruksional adalah pendampingan yang fokus pada pembelajaran yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran sesuai kurikulum, dan mengembangkan keprofesionalan guru untuk meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar siswa. Menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan profesionalisme guru.Seperti yang diungkapkan Emmanouil dkk. (2014), adalah tanggung jawab kepala sekolah untuk membangun kondisi kerja yang memungkinkan hubungan yang produktif dan kreatif antara guru dan seluruh komunitas sekolah, melakukannya dengan cara pengembangan profesional staf pengajar (guru).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 419, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Hallinger (dalam Emmanouil dkk., 2014), seorang kepala sekolah instruksional mencoba untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang positif dengan mendukung pengembangan profesional, berbagi visi dan memberikan motivasi yang kuat dan inspirasi untuk pembelajaran kepada staf pengajar (guru)). Kepala sekolah instruksional memberi motivasi pada guru untuk mengembangkan profesionalisme sehingga guru mampu meningkatkan mutu pengajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru, sesuai dengan dimensi kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah pada penelitian ini yaitu: (1) merencanakan pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan (PKB) guru, (2) menciptakan kultur pembelajaran yang kondusif, (3) mengembangkan kemampuan guru dalam proses penilaian hasil belajar siswa, (4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 238, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melaksanakan pengembangan profesionalisme guru baik melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan maupun pendampingan, (5) mengalokasikan sumber daya pendidikan baik itu anggaran pendidikan maupun peralatan dan perlengkapan bagi program pengembangan guru, (6) melaksanakan proses pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan standar etika dan menghormati guru, (7) membimbing guru dalam menanggapi perbedaan siswa. Dalam melaksanakan strategi kepemimpinan instruksional tersebut kepala sekolah dipersyaratkan memiliki sejumlah kompetensi kepemimpinan instruksional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 305, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal di atas selaras dengan pendapat Obi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 324, "width": 226, "height": 276, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(dalam Enueme & Egwunyenga, 2008) mengemukakan bahwa untuk menjadi pemimpin instruksional yang berhasil, kepala sekolah harus memberi perhatian utama pada program pengembangan staf yang terdiri dari teknik kepemimpinan dan rancangan prosedur untuk mengubah peran kinerja guru. Obi menyatakan bahwa peran kepala sekolah dalam hal ini meliputi: kunjungan kelas, observasi, pertemuan, seminar dan workshop, perhimpunan profesi, dan program layanan pendidikan. Peran pemimpin instruksional dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru terkait dengan tanggung jawabnya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran melalui kinerja mengajar guru yang bermutu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi yang dilaksanakan kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah di atas terbukti berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Hal ini mencerminkan keunggulan konsep kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dalam memimpin lembaga sekolah yang memiliki core business yaitu teaching and learning . Adapun kentungan dari implementasi kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dari hasil penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ini adalahmeningkatnya mutu kinerja mengajar guru, sekaligus meningkatnya mutu proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AnalisisPengaruh Komitmen Guru terhadap Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 154, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Besarnya pengaruh komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru adalah 70,8%, sisanya sebesar 29,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Selanjutnya, perhitungan analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu poin komitmen guru, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0.825 poin. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi komitmen guru maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, komitmen guru merupakan salah satu faktor yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 228, "height": 295, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru hal ini disebabkan karena ketika guru memiliki komitmen tinggi yaitu semangat, keinginan, keyakinan, dedikasi, dan loyalitas yang kuat untuk memberikan usaha dan energinya terhadap tugasnya mengajar maka mutu kinerjanya dalam mengajar pun akan meningkat. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan pernyataan Fink (1992), bahwa kinerja karyawan sangat dipengaruhi tingkat komitmen yang dimiliki oleh karyawan yang bersangkutan. Tingkat komitmen guru yang tinggi akan menghasilkan kinerja yang tinggi pula. Hal ini selaras dengan pendapat Thapan (dalam Mart, 2013a), komitmen untuk mengajar berkontribusi pada perilaku, sikap, persepsi, dan kinerja guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel yang menentukan tingkat komitmen guru, menurut Celep (dalam Mart, 2013b), interaksi antara guru, hubungan antara guru dan siswa, mutu pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh guru dan lingkungan kerja yang cocok antara guru dan administrasi sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 173, "width": 226, "height": 389, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen secara mandiri perlu dibangun oleh guru dengan cara guru selalu menyadari akan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya yang besar sebagai guru, selalu ingat bahwa pekerjaannya merupakan tugas mulia dan pengabdian yang luhur. Langkah- langkah kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan komitmen guru diantaranya melalui cara: (1) mengirim guru untuk mengikuti seminar dan pelatihan, (2) mendatangkan narasumber atau pakar ke sekolah, (3) mendukung setiap kegiatan guru yang berhubungan dengan kemajuan program pengajaran, (4) memberikan penghargaan kerja sesuai prestasi, dan (5) mendorong pengembangan profesi. Sedangkan, upaya organisasi sekolah dalam membangun komitmen guru yaitu: (1) memperhatikan kesejahteraan guru, (2) menyediakan sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran yang memadai, (3) menciptakan iklim kerja yang kondusif, (4) melibatkan guru dalam aktivitas-aktivitas keorganisasian, sehingga guru merasa diterima sebagai anggota organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 571, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Mart (2013b), guru dengan tingkat komitmen yang tinggi bekerja lebih keras, terikat secara emosional dengan sekolah mereka, dan membuat lebih banyak usaha untuk melaksanakan tujuan pengajaran. Seiring dengan tingginya tingkat komitmen tersebut maka mutu kinerja mengajar yang dilaksanakan guru pun akan meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 723, "width": 225, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 742, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instruksional Kepala Sekolah terhadap Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Besarnya pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru adalah 79%, sisanya sebesar 21% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 230, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, melalui perhitungan analisis regresi disimpulkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu poin kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,401 dan 0, 541 poin. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah merupakan salah satu faktor yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh yang besar kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru mengisyaratkan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut berperan sangat penting dalam menentukan mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Hal ini disebabkan karena kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru mencurahkan waktu dan perhatiannya pada pelaksanaan kurikulum dan pengembangan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 628, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah melakukan pendampingan bagi guru mulai dari merencanakan pembelajaran, mengelola proses pembelajaran, sampai pada mengevaluasi pembelajaran. Dimana, kegiatan tersebut merupakan tugas pokok pengajaran yang wajib dikuasai guru. Seperti yang disampaikan oleh Basyirudin dan Usman (dalam Supardi, 2013, hlm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "260), guru dengan kinerja yang baik serta profesional dalam implementasi kurikulum memiliki ciri-ciri: mendesain program pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran dan menilai hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena program kepemimpinan instruksional relevan dengan kebutuhan tugas guru, maka tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi kepemimpinan instruksional memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 249, "width": 226, "height": 275, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disisi lain, seorang guru yang memiliki komitmen dalam menjalankan tugas tentunya akan selalu mencari cara untuk memperbaiki dan menyempurnakan mutu kinerja mengajarnya. Menurut Kurniasih (2013), dengan komitmen yang tinggi maka kualitas layanan pembelajaran yang merupakan tugas pokok dan fungsi sebagai seorang guru akan tercapai dengan maksimal. Komitmen yang tinggi ditandai dengan melaksanakan pekerjaan secara serius, antusias, dan sungguh- sungguh. Sebagai seorang pendidik yang memiliki tugas memberi layanan belajar kepada siswa, maka komitmen tersebut harus selalu dijaga dan ditingkatkan agar mutu kinerja mengajar yang dihasilkan dapat optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 533, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan utama dari persekolahan adalah pembelajaran siswa.Apa yang mereka pelajari tergantung pada kinerja guru, yang merupakan produk dari berbagai faktor, seperti komitmen guru, pengembangan profesional, lingkungan sekolah, budaya yang berlaku, inovasi guru dan lain sebagainya (Enueme & Egwunyenga, 2008). Sheppard (dalam Enueme & Egwunyenga, 2008) menambahkan bahwa yang paling berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan profesional guru adalah perilaku kepemimpinan instruksional baik pada tingkat sekolah dasar maupun sekolah tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai upaya meraih mutu pendidikan, maka semua unsur sekolah terutama kepala sekolah dan guru melalui semangat dan komitmen yang tinggi perlu saling bekerja sama dan berkemitraan untuk meningkatkan mutu kinerja guru. Guru harus terlibat dalam beberapa program pengembangan yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah selaku pemimpin instruksional secara terus-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menerus memperbarui guru dalam rangka untuk menanamkan pengetahuan yang benar kepada siswa. Dari seluruh uraian di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 224, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 255, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 274, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian, hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 350, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang diukur melalui dimensi reliabilitas ( reliability ), daya tanggap ( responsiveness ), jaminan ( assurance ), empati ( empathy ), dan bukti fisik ( tangibles ) berada pada kategori tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 464, "width": 226, "height": 123, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang diukur melalui dimensi peningkatan secara berkelanjutan, kultur pembelajaran, penilaian hasil belajar, pengembangan profesionalisme guru, manajemen sekolah, etika, dan perbedaan berada pada kategori tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 596, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang diukur melalui dimensi komitmen guru terhadap: sekolah atau organisasi, siswa, kelanjutan karier, pengetahuan dasar profesional, dan profesi mengajar berada pada kategori sangat tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 710, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi. Hal ini mengindikasikan mutu kinerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 255, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengajar guru salah satunya ditentukan oleh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah. Dengan demikian, semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 350, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Hal ini mengindikasikan mutu kinerja mengajar guru salah satunya ditentukan oleh komitmen guru. Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi komitmen guru maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 482, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Hal ini mengindikasikan mutu kinerja mengajar guru ditentukan oleh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama. Dengan demikian, semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 710, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 729, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian tentang pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksionalkepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi, maka dapat dikemukakan beberapa rekomendasi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 228, "height": 655, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pada variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, dimensi penilaian hasil belajar merupakan dimensi yang memperoleh skor terendah. Untuk itu, dimensi penilaian hasil belajar perlu mendapat perhatian khusus dari kepala sekolah dengan upaya antara lain: (1) kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin instruksional seyogyanya memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang terkait dengan penilaian hasil belajar siswa, (2) membekali guru pengetahuan dan kecakapan tentang penilaian hasil belajar mulai dari konsep pemilihan teknik dan bentuk penilaian, penyusunan instrumen, penentuan metode penskoran, sampai penyusunan laporan hasil belajar siswa, (3) melihat secara langsung kegiatan guru dalam melaksanakan penilaian dan evaluasi hasil belajar siswa (observasi kelas), (4) mengenalkan informasi baru terkait penilaian hasil belajar melalui sosialisasi dan rapat-rapat pembinaan guru, dan (5) memfasilitasi guru dalam kegiatan MGMP, diklat, seminar, dan workshop mengenai penilaian hasil belajar. 2. Pada variabel komitmen guru, dimensi komitmen terhadap siswa merupakan dimensi yang memperoleh skor terendah. Komitmen guru terhadap siswa perlu terus dipelihara dan ditingkatkan melalui penguatan komitmen dengan cara antara lain: (1) guru menjalin kebersamaan dengan siswa dalam hubungan yang akrab, saling menghargai, dan saling percaya. Kedekatan hubungan ini dapat menimbulkan keterikatan antara guru dengan siswa, (2) guru perlu mengenal dan memahami karakter siswa, sehingga akan memunculkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 59, "width": 212, "height": 313, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepedulian guru terhadap siswa yang dibimbing, (3) guru senantiasa menyediakan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk mengkonsultasikan kesulitan, keluhan, dan harapan mereka, baik ketika berada di kelas maupun diluar kelas. Keterlibatan guru dengan kondisi yang dihadapi siswa dapat menumbuhkan keinginan guru untuk membantu mengatasi persoalan mereka, (4) kepala sekolah turut membangun komitmen guru terhadap siswa diantaranya menjalin hubungan baik, bekerjasama dan bermusyawarah dengan guru dalam menyelesaikan berbagai masalah yang berhubungan dengan siswa, (5) kepala sekolah menerapkan sistem reward dan punishment sehubungan dengan loyalitas dan tanggung jawab guru terhadap siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 381, "width": 228, "height": 390, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pada variabel mutu kinerja mengajar guru, dimensi reliabilitas ( reliability ) merupakan dimensi yang memperoleh skor terendah. Reliabilitas atau keandalan guru dalam mengajar perlu dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan dengan upaya antara lain: (1) guru senantiasa meningkatkan kualitas, profesionalisme, dan kompetensi pada bidang yang diajarkan sehingga dapat menyajikan pembelajaran yang akurat dan terpercaya, (2) guru selalu tepat waktu dalam memulai dan mengakhiri pelajaran, sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah disepakati, serta menggunakan waktu secara efisien, (3) guru yang berprestasi harus diberi pengakuan dan penghargaan agar motivasi dan semangat kerjanya meningkat, (4) guru perlu memahami bahwa kinerjanya adalah melayani siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Pelayanan yang diberikan hendaknya bermutu sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan siswa, (5) kepala sekolah, guru, dan pegawai sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 211, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lainnya wajib mendapatkan pendidikan tentang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 212, "height": 48, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Service Quality (mutu layanan), khususnya untuk peningkatan kualitas layanan dalam proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kepada para peneliti selanjutnya disarankan:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 212, "height": 143, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1) untuk mengadakan penelitian terkait masalah mutu kinerja mengajar guru dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sehingga akan dapat digali lebih mendalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan variabel tersebut, (2) untuk melakukan penelitian yang serupa (kuantitatif) ditinjau dari faktor-faktor lain selain variabel yang dikaji pada penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 305, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Kepada para pembuat kebijakan pendidikan di pemerintahan untuk mewujudkan misi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 59, "width": 212, "height": 124, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perbaikan mutu pendidikan melalui upaya meningkatkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru, diharapkan memiliki perencanaan program yang jelas dan disosialisasikan serta setiap program diharapkan ada tindak lanjutnya secara nyata, agar tujuan yang direncanakan dapat tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 192, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang objektif, maka penelitian harus menekankan aspek kejujuran. Diharapkan dari sisi peneliti maupun responden dapat memberikan informasi atau data yang sesuai dengan keadaan yang sebenarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 356, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 388, "width": 226, "height": 73, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Armstrong, M. (2003). Managing people: A practical guide for line managers, atau mengelola karyawan: buku wajib bagi manajer lini. Terjemahan Ramelan dan Dwi Prabaningtyas. Cetakan ke-1. Jakarta: Gramedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 36, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Crosswell, L. (2006). 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88576ab1-a7e6-1904-10df-43fb1ece028a	https://jurnal.umt.ac.id/index.php/ceria/article/download/10299/4878	[ { "left": 85, "top": 58, "width": 131, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "“Ceria”", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 101, "width": 319, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini ISSN 2301-9905 Volume 13, No. 1, Januari 2024 Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan- Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 156, "width": 330, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Analisis Penerapan Metode Visuomotor Pada Anak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 187, "width": 309, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tunagrahita Ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 218, "width": 129, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jalaksana Kuningan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 253, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Lola Vratinia 1 , Erna Juherna 2 , Salsabila Suci Cahyati 3 , Aida Dilla", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 269, "width": 293, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Wijaya 4 , Dede Triani 5 , Elma Hodimah 6 , Nisa Siti Ropiah 7 , Wiya Robiatul Adawiyah 8 ,Sischa Wahyuni 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 310, "width": 299, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 STKIP Muhammadiyah Kuningan; Jl. Raya Cigugur, Kuningan, Kec. Kuningan, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 351, "width": 266, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "e-mail: 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 367, "width": 288, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3 [email protected], 4 [email protected],", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 382, "width": 263, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "5 [email protected] , 6 [email protected] ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 398, "width": 256, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "7 [email protected] , 8 [email protected] ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 414, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "9 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 439, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 349, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan pengetahuan dengan menyelidiki penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif melalui kegiatan wawancara dan observasi. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak dua subjek, subjek pertama satu guru dan subjek kedua satu kelas murid dengan jenis ABK tunagrahita ringan dari SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak tunagrahita ringan meskipun memiliki IQ di bawah rata- rata anak normal, tetap memiliki potensi yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pendidikan yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan khusus mereka. Penerapan metode visuomotor , terutama dalam melatih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 349, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "motorik halus, efektif dalam memfasilitasi, di mana pendekatan pembelajaran ini meminimalkan tekanan dengan tidak membatasi pembelajaran pada tingkat kelas tertentu. Pendekatan kolaboratif dalam metode pembelajaran, termasuk konvensional, diskusi, tanya jawab, refleksi, dan eksperimen, memberikan kontribusi positif. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini memperkaya pemahaman tentang potensi anak tunagrahita ringan dan menyoroti keberhasilan penerapan metode visuomotor dalam konteks pendidikan inklusif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 229, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kata kunci: Metode Visuomotor ; Tunagrahita Ringan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 261, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pengantar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 349, "height": 362, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak sebagai anugerah dari Tuhan sehingga perlu dijaga, dan dididik agar bisa menjadi manusia yang berguna dimasa depan. Setiap anak memiliki kesempatan dan hak untuk tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai dengan potensi anak terutama dibidang pendidikan (Affrida & Bilad, 2023). Meskipun demikian, masih ada sejumlah anak yang mengalami defisit fungsi intelektual mereka, yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi keterbatasan dalam perilaku adaptif. Proses tumbuh kembang anak dapat menentukan kualitas anak, anak tunagrahita juga dikatakan anak yang mengalami disabilitas mental sehingga kemampuannya berasa pada tingkat dasar tentunya mereka akan menglami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan tugas akademik (Syarfaini et al., 2022). Seorang anak dikatakan menyandang tunagrahita apabila perkembangan dan pertumbuhan mentalnya terbelakang dibandingkan dengan anak normal sebayanya, sehingga memerlukan pendidikan khusus, latihan khusus, bimbingan khusus supaya mentalnya dapat berkembang seoptimal mungkin (Fauziyah &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 292, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraheni, 2021). Dalam konteks pendidikan, kondisi ini sering disebut sebagai tunagrahita, mengacu pada anak-anak dengan hambatan perkembangan intelektual, khususnya dalam aspek kemampuan bahasa yang mengalami keterlambatan. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia No. 146 Tahun 2014 tentang Kurikulum 2013 pendidikan anak usia dini dengan rentang usia sejak lahir sampai 6 tahun adalah kesiapan mengenal aksara dengan baik dan benar. Diperkuat dengan Undang- Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2003, pendidikan diselenggarakan untuk mengembangkan budaya membaca, menulis dan berhitung bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Membaca merupakan proses yang kompleks yang dapat dicapai oleh manusia (Fitriani et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 349, "height": 222, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Meskipun demikian, tidak semua anak memiliki kemampuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan akademik dasar, terutama bagi anak-anak dengan kebutuhan khusus, mencapai penguasaan tersebut bisa menjadi lebih sulit. Salah satu tantangan psikologis yang berkaitan dengan penguasaan keterampilan akademik dasar adalah kondisi yang dikenal sebagai tunagrahita. Tunagrahita adalah hambatan intelektual dengan tingkat intelegensi atau Intelligence Quotient (IQ) dibawah rata-rata. Berdasarkan tingkatannya, tunagrahita dibagi menjadi 4 kategori, yaitu: tunagrahita ringan (IQ 51- 70), tunagrahita sedang (IQ 36-51), tunagrahita berat (IQ 20-35),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 301, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "tunagrahita sangat berat (IQ dibawah 20) (Sanusi et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 526, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pendidikan khusus atau pendidikan luar biasa merupakan proses pendidikan yang dirancang khusus bagi peserta didik yang memiliki keterbatasan fisik, mental, bakat dan kecerdasan istimewa (Sanusi et al., 2020). Pendidikan anak tunagrahita ringan merupakan bagian penting untuk memastikan bahwa setiap individu memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk belajar dan berkembang. Guna meningkatkan proses pembelajaran perlu adanya strategi khusus untuk mendukung pencapaian peserta didik. Sehubungan dengan kondisi tersebut, perlu dilakukannya usaha perbaikan dalam proses pembelajaran, salah satunya dengan menggunakan dan mengoptimalkan media serta metode pembelajaran yang dapat menurunkan kejenuhan, menarik dan menyenangkan bagi peserta didik (Sutjiato & Tucunan, 2015). Anak tunagrahita yang mengalami keterbatasan dalam aspek motorik halus diantaranya kesulitan untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari, misalnya kesulitan dalam meraih ataupun mengambil suatu benda, memegang benda mulai dari benda berukuran besar hingga terkecil (Suriadi, 2023). Anak tunagrahita mengalami kesulitan untuk mengenal huruf-huruf abjad, padahal sebagaimana yang diketahui bahwa salah satu dasar pemerolehan informasi adalah dengan membaca. Jika anak tidak dapat mengenali huruf dengan baik maka besar kemungkinan anak tersebut tidak dapat membaca dan dapat membuat pemerolehan informasinya pun kurang (Fauziyah & Nugraheni, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 631, "width": 320, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Proses pembelajaran pada peserta didik dengan tunagrahita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 351, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "sedang dan berat difokuskan pada mampu latih, artinya anak dilatih pada peningkatan kemandirian agar tidak bergantung pada orang lain (Suriadi, 2023). Sebagaimana anak-anak lain, anak penderita tunagrahita memiliki hak-hak yang sama seperti anak normal dan juga kebutuhan-kebutuhan tertentu yang hendaknya dipenuhi agar mereka tumbuh menjadi manusia total yang terintegrasi (Fauziyah & Nugraheni, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 351, "height": 175, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Metode pembelajaran visuomotor adalah gabungan dari persepsi visual dan gerak motorik yang dilakukan oleh anak dalam belajar mengenal huruf dengan cara menuliskan huruf tersebut baik menggunakan alat tulis atau menggunakan seluruh anggota badannya. Dengan metode ini anak akan mendapat gambaran visual mengenai huruf yang dipelajarinya dan merasakan bentuk huruf bukan hanya dari gerakan tangan melainkan juga dengan anggota badannya (Fitriani et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 348, "height": 198, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu contohnya pada saat pengenalan huruf A, tahap awal yang dilaksanakan guru adalah menulis huruf A pada papan tulis tujuannya agar anak bisa melihat dan memahami bentuk huruf yang dimaksud. Tahap kedua, anak diajak untuk mengulangi ejaan dari huruf, tujuannya agar anak mengenal dan melafalkannya. Tahap ketiga, guru membimbing untuk membuat huruf A kembali dengan tanda panah, tujuannya agar anak dapat mengikuti dengan mudah. Tahap keempat, anak mulai meniru tulisan huruf A mengikuti arah dan urutan panah yang telah dibuat oleh guru menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 198, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "tangannya. Tahap kelima, anak menirukan gerakan membantuk huruf A dengan mata tertutup, tujuannnya untuk melatih daya ingat anak. Tahap keenam, anak dapat menggunakan alat tulis seperti spidol untuk praktik menulis huruf A. Tahap ketujuh, anak mulai mengikuti gambar guru yang ada di lantai membentuk huruf A, tujuannya agar anggota tubuh lain ikut bergerak. Tahap kedelapan, anak berjalan dengan mata tertutup membentuk huruf A, tujuannya supaya anak lebih memahami dan mengingat kembali bagaimana cara membentuk huruf A (Affrida & Bilad, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 349, "height": 199, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan pengetahuan dengan menyelidiki penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Dengan menggali potensi pada metode ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perkembangan kognitif dan motorik halus anak tunagrahita ringan. Selain itu, penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan pandangan baru terkait metode pembelajaran yang lebih inklusif dan berorientasi pada perkembangan individu bagi anak tunagrahita ringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 538, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 348, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif melalui kegiatan wawancara dan observasi untuk menggali pemahaman yang mendalam tentang penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 67, "width": 51, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "“Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 385, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jalaksana Kuningan. Pendekatan kualitatif dipilih karena memberikan ruang bagi peneliti untuk menjelajahi konteks dan pengalaman subjek penelitian secara lebih mendalam. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak- anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Terdapat 2 subjek dalam penelitian ini, subjek pertama adalah 1 guru di SLB B-C Dharma wanita dan subjek kedua adalah 1 kelas murid dengan penyandang tunagrahita ringan. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi berdasarkan tingkat keparahan tunagrahita ringan dan partisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran metode visuomotor . Kriteria anak tunagrahita ringan yang ada di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan adalah klasifikasi ringan dengan rentang IQ 55-70 dan mengalami perkembangan fisik yang agak lambat dibandingkan dengan anak seusianya. Mereka juga mengalami kesulitan untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas akademik di sekolah. Namun mereka juga dapat melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari sehingga mereka dapat hidup mandiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 582, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Gambar 1. Kegiatan observasi ke kelas", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 349, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Metode penelitian ini dirancang untuk memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "tunagrahita ringan. Tahapan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dengan pembelajaran anak tunagrahita dalam mengenal abjad melalui metode visuomotor yang mana dalam prosesnya anak diberikan media gambar oleh guru dengan memperlihatkan bentuk abjad yang akan ditirukan oleh anak agar mampu mengenal huruf abjad secara dasarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 249, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 349, "height": 245, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan kepada 2 subjek penelitian, yakni 1 guru dan 1 kelas murid penyandang tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan terhadap penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara kepada guru kelas terlihat adanya peningkatan pengetahuan siswa yang awalnya belum mengenal huruf tetapi dengan metode visuomotor siswa tersebut menjadi mengetahui beberapa huruf dan bisa menuangkannya kedalam tulisan. Selain itu siswa juga mampu melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari dan mampu merespon perintah dari guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil ini sama dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh (Herliza & Mawardah, 2023) bahwa dengan adanya penggunaan media penyusunan abjad ( visuomotor ) akan melatih kemampuan anak dalam mengenal huruf agar anak penyandang tunagrahita dapat membaca huruf dan mengurutkan kalimat dengan urutan perkata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 245, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "dengan tepat. Misalnya anak akan disediakan gambar lalu diminta menyebutkan nama dari gambar tersebut, kemudian anak akan mulai mencoba menyusun huruf abjad yang disediakan sehingga menjadi huruf abjad yang berurutan sesuai dengan kalimat yang benar dan menyesuaikan dengan apa yang ada di gambar tersebut. Pemerintah telah menjamin hak setiap warga untuk mendapatkan pendidikan sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam undang-undang sistem pendidikan No. 20 Tahun 2003 pasal 31, setiap warga negara berhak mendapat pendidikan dan pengajaran termasuk anak-anak yang berkebutuhan khusus, sesuai dengan karakteristiknya masing-masing (Ayu, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 349, "height": 292, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tunagrahita merupakan seorang dengan hambatan akdemik yang menonjol. Anak dengan tunagrahita mempunyai kecerdasan dibawah rata-rata yaitu IQ dibawah 70. Tunagrahhita ringan mengalami gangguan atau hambatan dalam perkembangan daya pikir serta kepribadia dan mempunyai intelektual dibawah rata-rata, namun masih mempunyai potensi yang dapat dikembangkan. Sehingga mereka berhak mendapatkan pendidikan untuk mengembangkan akademik dan tumbuh kembangnya sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Mereka juga dapat memiliki keterampilan yang dapat dijadikan bekal hidup untuk masa depan (Zuraidah, 2022). Kemampuan intelektual anak tunagrahita berada dibawah rata-rata, kemampuan berpikirnya rendah, perhatian, dan daya ingatnya lemah, sukar berpikir abstrak, serta tidak mampu berpikir yang logis. Mereka masih mempunyai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 151, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "kemungkinan untuk memperoleh pendidikan dalam bidang membaca, menulis, dan berhitung sederhana. Perbendaharaan katanya terbatas, perhatian, dan ingatan anak tunagrahita ringan lemah, tidak dapat memperhatikan sesuatu hal dengan serius dan lama. Sebentar saja perhatian anak tunagrahita ringan akan teralihkan pada hal lain, apalagi dalam hal memperhatikan pelajaran, anak tunagrahita cenderung cepat merasa bosan (Faisah et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 349, "height": 385, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa anak tunagrahita ringan memiliki potensi yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan khusus mereka. Meski memiliki IQ di bawah rata-rata anak normal, anak-anak ini tetap mampu dididik, bahkan dapat bersaing di berbagai lomba, termasuk di bidang olahraga. Penerapan metode visuomotor menjadi kunci dalam memfasilitasi pembelajaran anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan karakteristik mental anak tunagrahita ringan. Mereka tidak dibatasi oleh tingkat kelas tertentu, melainkan pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan kemampuan otak mereka. Misalnya, anak yang berada di kelas 2 SD dapat menerima pembelajaran pada tingkat yang lebih rendah, bahkan setara dengan materi kelas 1 SD atau bahkan PAUD. Hal ini menjadi strategi efektif untuk memaksimalkan potensi mereka tanpa memberikan tekanan yang berlebihan. Fokus utama dalam pembelajaran adalah melatih motorik halus anak tunagrahita ringan. Guru-guru di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "memberikan perhatian khusus pada teknik seperti cara memegang pensil dan cara menulis. Guru mengajarkan anak-anak tersebut untuk tidak hanya menulis, tetapi lebih pada proses dengan salah satu metode untuk melatih motorik halus melalui kegiatan menebalkan huruf atau angka menggunakan garis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 210, "width": 349, "height": 432, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pembelajaran v isuomotor adalah perpaduan antara visual dengan gerak motorik saat melakukan pengenalan tentang huruf dan juga cara menulisnya, baik dengan anggota tubuhnya serta melalui penggunaan alat tulis (Affrida & Bilad, 2023). Penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan dilakukan dengan cara guru menulis huruf dipapan tulis dan menyebutkan nama serta bunyinya. Kemudian anak akan diminta untuk mengulangi nama serta suara dari huruf tersebut. Selanjutnya guru menggambar huruf dan membuat gambar panah sebagai cara untuk membuat huruf tersebut. Setelah melihatnya anak diminta untuk menggambar huruf menggunakan tangannya dengan menirukan arah panah yang telah digambar oleh guru. Tahap selanjutnya, anak diminta untuk menutup mata dan menuliskannya lagi menggunakan gerakan jari. Setelah anak menulis dengan ingatan melalui mata dan gerakan jarinya, anak diminta untuk menuliskannya dibuku menggunakan spidol. Tahap selanjutnya guru menggambar huruf dilantai kemudian anak diminta untuk mengikuti alur panah dengan melangkahkan kakinya. Kemudian guru memberikan instruksi kepada anak untuk menutup mata dan membuat huruf", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "kembali menggunakan langkah kaki seperti sebelumnya dan dibimbing oleh guru (Fitriani et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 245, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Gambar 2. Kegiatan Pembelajaran Pengenalan Peta Dunia dan Kegiatan Agama Kisah Nabi di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 276, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kuningan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kemampuan mengidentifikasi huruf merupakan keterampilan yang mudah. Namun, penting bagi anak-anak untuk menguasai keterampilan ini karena kemampuan mengenali huruf merupakan elemen dasar pengembangan keterampilan membaca (Anggita et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 351, "height": 198, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Mengenal huruf abjad merupakan muatan pokok pembelajaran membaca tahap awal, yang dimulai dengan pengenalan mengucapkan, menunjuk dan membedakan huruf, mengeja, membaca kata hingga membaca kalimat yang dapat dikenali dan dipelajari oleh anak. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenali huruf abjad pada anak tunagrahita yaitu menggunakan media tiga dimensi, media dari objek nyata yang hidup atau mati untuk menyampaikan isi pembelajaran yang bisa membangkitkan pemahaman, perasaan, perhatian, dan minat. Media disesuaikan dengan keutuhan anak berupa kotak yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "didalamnya terdapat lingkaran huruf abjad yang dapat ditempelkan diatas kotak (Laila & Damri, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 349, "height": 455, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak tunagrahita ringan tetap dapat dididik dan dilatih dengan baik. Mereka tidak hanya mampu mengikuti pelajaran, namun juga dapat bersosialisasi dan disalurkan untuk bekerja, menunjukkan bahwa potensi mereka tidak hanya terbatas pada lingkungan pendidikan, tetapi juga dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan masyarakat. Ketika anak tunagrahita ringan mencapai usia SMA, misalnya Nina dan Fajril, mereka masih mampu belajar membaca undang-undang. Meskipun memerlukan waktu lebih lama dibandingkan orang pada umumnya, anak tunagrahita ringan dapat diberikan pelajaran sesuai dengan kemampuan mereka. Kemampuan mereka tidak secepat anak pada umumnya karena usia mental yang lebih rendah dari usia sebenarnya, namun mereka masih memiliki keunikan seperti terkadang membaca huruf terbalik atau menambahkan imbuhannya sendiri. Dalam aspek komunikasi, anak tunagrahita ringan seperti Nina dan Fajril masih dapat diajak berbicara secara normal. Namun, perlu dilakukan dengan penuh kesabaran dan pertanyaan harus secara perlahan dan sesederhana mungkin. Hal ini disesuaikan dengan daya serap dan daya tangkap mereka yang mungkin kurang responsif terhadap pertanyaan yang terlalu berat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Melatih anak tunagrahita ringan di kelas rendah lebih fokus pada perkembangan sosialisasi dan motorik halus. Guru memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 128, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "contoh-contoh konkret, seperti cara membuang sampah pada tempatnya, menerima dengan tangan kanan, dan keterampilan dasar lainnya. Latihan ini dilakukan secara terus menerus setiap pertemuan untuk membentuk kebiasaan kemandirian anak. Kelas 3 di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan lebih menitikberatkan pada pengembangan diri sehari-hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 354, "width": 334, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Pembelajaran Mewarnai dan Materi Pembiasaan Sehari-Hari di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 349, "height": 222, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak diajak untuk mandiri dalam kegiatan sehari-hari seperti mandi, menggosok gigi, dan lainnya. Selain pembiasaan tersebut mereka juga melakukan pembiasaan seperti menulis yang bertujuan untuk melatih aspek perkembangan motorik halusnya. Dalam kegiatan pembiasaan ini tentu pada tahapan awal anak perlu didampingi oleh orang tua dan guru. Kegiatan pembiasaan yang dilakukan secara rutin dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap anak. Sehingga, lambat laun mereka akan mampu melakukan pembiasaan tersebut tanpa harus didampingi. Proses pembiasaan untuk hal-hal sederhana bagi anak normal dapat menjadi serangkaian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 502, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "langkah yang rumit bagi anak tunagrahita ringan. Misal mengajarkan cara menggosok gigi memerlukan penjelasan yang sangat detail, termasuk langkah-langkah yang mungkin dianggap sepele oleh anak normal. Setiap hari Kamis menjadi momen khusus dengan pembelajaran fokus pada pengembangan diri. Metode pembelajaran diubah sedikit dari kurikulum umum untuk disesuaikan dengan kemampuan anak-anak tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan bersifat kolaboratif, menggabungkan metode konvensional, diskusi, tanya jawab, pemaknaan, dan eksperimen sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini didasarkan pada wawancara dengan guru yang memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang upaya dalam membimbing dan membantu perkembangan anak tunagrahita ringan. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan yang sesuai dan terfokus pada potensi individu anak dapat membawa dampak positif bagi perkembangan mereka. Peningkatan yang dialami dalam penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan yang sebelumnya tidak mengetahui beberapa jenis huruf abjad menjadi sedikit tahu akan perbedaan beberapa huruf abjad. Metode ini juga memberikan manfaat akan terlatihnya motorik kasar dan halus pada anak tunagrahita dalam proses meniru huruf abjad melalui media yang disediakan guru, dengan metode ini juga kemampuan kognitif anak lebih terlatih dalam membuat bentuk huruf abjad yang diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak tunagrahita memerlukan rancangan yang khusus agar kemampuan keterampilan motoriknya mengalami pertumbuhan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 221, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "perkembangan yang optimal. Salah satu pembelajaran yang menarik adalah dengan bermain. Pembelajaran keterampilan motorik kasar anak tunagrahita ringan kelas bawah menggunakan media audiovisual terdiri dari 7 model permainan, yaitu: melompati bentuk, bola panas bola dingin, bola guling kain, menginjak ekor harimau, bola kangguru, dan senam gerak dan lagu. Media audiovisual dalam pembelajaran keterampilan motorik kasar anak tunagrahita ringan diatas baik dan efektif sehingga layak untuk digunakan dan diterapkan dalam pembelajaran untuk anak tunagrahita ringan (Louk & Sukoco, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 349, "height": 175, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut terdapat keterkaitan antara keterlibatan sistem visual dan motorik mental untuk mempercepat pengenalan secara visual bahkan pada penanaman objek-objek. Gambaran visual dari huruf berkaitan dengan fungsi motorik Ketika anak melakukan gerakan menulis. Selain itu, gerakan motorik juga dapat meningkatkan daya tangkap terhadap huruf karena anak mendapat pengalaman menggerakan tangannya ketika membuat bentuk-bentuk huruf (Fauziyah & Nugraheni, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 349, "height": 128, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan dengan menganalisis anak yang belajar menggunakan metode visuomotor ini bisa mengenal bentuk abjad, mempermudah anak untuk mengingat bentuk abjad dasarnya, seperti cara membuat bentuk abjad huruf-huruf dasar. Melalui metode ini juga tidak hanya melatih motorik anak tetapi mempermudah anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 58, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "meniru beberapa huruf abajd menggunakan berbagai media menarik pada pembelajaran dalam mengenalkan huruf abjad terhadap anak tunagrahita ringan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 159, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 349, "height": 338, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan memberikan dampak positif terhadap perkembangan mereka. Meskipun memiliki IQ di bawah rata-rata anak normal, anak-anak ini masih menunjukkan potensi yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pendidikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan khusus mereka. Pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik mental anak tunagrahita ringan tidak terbatas pada tingkat kelas tetapi berfokus pada kebutuhan mereka, sehingga dapat meminimalkan tekanan. Fokus utama penelitian melatih motorik halus dengan metode visuomotor , seperti penggunaan pensil dan proses menulis, terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterampilan anak. Anak tunagrahita ringan juga dapat bersosialisasi dan bekerja, menunjukkan potensi mereka di luar lingkungan pendidikan meskipun memerlukan waktu lebih lama dari anak normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kesabaran dan penyesuaian dalam berkomunikasi menjadi kunci bahwa pendekatan yang lembut dan sesuai sangat diperlukan. Metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dapat menghasilkan pembelajaran yang efektif bagi anak tunagrahita ringan. Penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 58, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "memberikan dampak positif dan membuka peluang untuk mendukung pembelajaran anak-anak dengan kebutuhan khusus lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 159, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Daftar Acuan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 348, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Affrida, E. N., & Bilad, A. U. (2023). Pengenalan Huruf Abjad Pada Anak Usia Dini Dengan Gangguan Tunagrahita Ringan Melalui Pembelajaran Visuomotor. Jurnal Raudhah , 11 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 348, "height": 73, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anggita, R., Sormin, D., Lubis, J. N., & Nopriani Lubis, J. (2023). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Anak dalam Mengenal Huruf melalui Media Pohon Pintar. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , 7 (5), 5919 – 5930. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.5384", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 348, "height": 26, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ayu, R. (2017). Efektivitas Media Huruf Bergambar Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Permulaan Bagi Siswa Tunagrahita Ringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 331, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Briliant: Jurnal Riset Dan Konseptual , 2 (4), 448.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 346, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v2i4.110", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 348, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Faisah, S. N., Siregar, M. A., Firanda, Nandita, I., Mujahadah, Auliyah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 378, "width": 325, "height": 104, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "A., Musdalifa, & Samsuddin, A. fFtrah. (2023). 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20806d24-1fae-f05c-c114-3e0e367e86db	https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss/article/download/5390/3171	[ { "left": 41, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 39, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 408, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 165 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 54, "top": 90, "width": 491, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE IMAGE OF TOURISM DESTINATIONS OF SAUNG ANGKLUNG UDJO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 105, "width": 450, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(PHENOMOLOGY STUDIES ON TRAVELERS USING INSTAGRAM ACCOUNTS)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 137, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diani Mustika Prianti a)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 165, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 188, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ") Corresponding Author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 214, "width": 277, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history: received 02 June 2022; revised 16 June 2022; accepted 24 June 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 214, "width": 148, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v6i2.5390", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 244, "width": 488, "height": 81, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract. The purpose of this study was to analyze the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination and the use of social media Instagram as a reference medium in traveling. Researchers used qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. The research paradigm used is interpretive, where researchers can see the phenomena that occur and explore personal experiences from the object under study. The results showed that Saung Angklung Udjo is a place to preserve Sundanese culture which is suitable as a cultural tourism destination as well as education. The image of the destination that needs to be paid attention to by the manager of Saung Angklung Udjo, is the potential for culinary tourism, facilities and infrastructure as well as the cleanliness of the tourist attraction area. Tourists use Instagram as a reference medium for sources of information, instructions or guidance and judgments to make decisions. Tourists also use the hashtag, location tag, caption and story features.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 339, "width": 320, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : the image of tourist destinations; Instagram; Saung Angklung Udjo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 375, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 393, "width": 248, "height": 227, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Currently, Indonesian tourism has been recognized as a leading sector that has quite broad dimensions, not only economically but also socio-politically, culturally, regionally and environmentally. In this case, Indonesian tourism can play a role in increasing the country's foreign exchange and regional original income (PAD), regional development as well as absorption of investment and labor as well as business development spread across various parts of the region in Indonesia (Irhamna [1] ; Febriana & Pangestuti [2] ; Shantika & Mahagangga [3] ). On the other hand, the multiplier effect on tourism is also considered to be able and able to slow down economic growth and job creation, because tourism has various kinds of businesses, as stated in Law Number 10 Year 2009 Article 14 Paragraph (1) concerning Tourism [4] , namely tourist attractions, tourism areas, tourist transportation services, travel services, food and beverage services, accommodation provision, entertainment and recreational activities, meeting, incentive travel, conferences and exhibitions, tourism information services, tourism consulting services, tour guide services , water and spa tours.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 623, "width": 248, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In 2019, Indonesian tourism has contributed to the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 4.90 percent, with a total foreign exchange of US$ 239.24 billion and absorbed 14.96 million workers in the tourism sector. Then, the number of foreign tourist visits was 16.10 million visits and 312.50 million domestic tourist trips. On the other hand, the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) ranking indicators are very important to measure tourism competitiveness against tourism in other countries in the world. Based on the World Economic Forum (WEF) assessment, Indonesia's position has increased from #42 in the world in 2017 to #40 in the world [5] (2019 Ministry of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 375, "width": 248, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tourism Performance Accountability Report). Data on the increase in the contribution of tourism can be seen in Table 1, where tourism is one of the strategic sectors because it consistently experiences growth every year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 433, "width": 248, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Achievements Of The National Tourism Sector 2015-2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 467, "width": 243, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indicator 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Contribution to National GDP (%) 4,25 4,13 4,11 5,25 4,90 Foreign Exchange (Trillion IDR) 163,0 176,0 202,13 229,5 239,24 Labor (Million People) 10,36 12,28 12,60 12,70 14,96 Competitiveness Index #50 n.a* #42 n.a #40 International Tourists (Million People) 10,23 11,52 14,04 15,81 16,10 Archipelago Tourists (Million Trips) 256,42 264,33 270,82 302,40 312,50", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 573, "width": 115, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Ministry of Tourism [5]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 595, "width": 248, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "West Java is one of the provinces on the island of Java which is often visited by tourists, both foreign and domestic. The majority of the population of West Java, are Sundanese and speak Sundanese. Furthermore, the city of Bandung is located in the West Java region and is the capital of the province of West Java. The city of Bandung is located at an altitude of 791 meters above sea level with an area of about 167.70 km2. The geographical location of Bandung City, which is close to DKI Jakarta, makes Bandung City a metropolitan city with strategic potential for tourism development. Bandung city itself is known to have various kinds of tourist objects and attractions, such as nature tourism, museum tours, agro tourism, educational tours, monument tours, historical tours to shopping and culinary tours. The city", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 407, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 166 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 40, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of Bandung, known as Paris Van Java, is also supported by various facilities and infrastructure to increase tourist satisfaction, such as travel agents (travel agents), souvenir shops, transportation companies, health and security services as well as telecommunications systems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 157, "width": 248, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Number Of Tourist Visits To Bandung City In 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 167, "width": 239, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 2020 Year Foreign Tourist Archipelago Tourist Total 2015 183.932 5.877.162 6.061.094 2016 186.948 6.712.574 6.899.522 2017 189.902 6.770.610 6.960.512 2018 227.560 7.357.785 7.585.345 2019 350.021 7.402.135 7.752.156 2020 3.021 3.229.090 3.232.111 Source: Bandung City Culture and Tourism Office [6]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 40, "top": 285, "width": 247, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Note: The year 2020 decreased drastically due to the COVID-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 315, "width": 248, "height": 217, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo (SAU) is one of the cultural tourism destinations in the city of Bandung. Saung Angklung Udjo was founded in 1966 by Udjo Ngalagena or also known as Mang Udjo. At first, Saung Angklung Udjo was an Angklung studio to develop children's musical talents and preserve Sundanese culture by combining education, art and nature. Then, along with the increasing number of tourists who are interested in Angklung and Sundanese traditional art performances, Saung Angklung Udjo has developed into a tourism business that also offers educational tours with a bamboo craft center and workshops for making Angklung musical instruments. Currently, Saung Angklung Udjo has become a Sundanese cultural area, especially bamboo culture, with a world reputation and has become one of the main tourist destinations for foreign tourists who come to the city of Bandung (Susanti [7] ). The typical performance of Saung Angklung Udjo, is the Evening Bamboo which was developed from a Kaulinan Urang Overtime concept and created by Udjo Ngalagena.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 534, "width": 248, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The development of traditional artistic creativity in Saung Angklung Udjo to date has involved four to five generations of society through empowerment activities, such as decision making, implementation of tourism activities on a local, national and international scale, utilization of development results to evaluation which will determine the sustainability of tourism development in Indonesia. Saung Angklung Udjo (Mustofa & Gunawijaya [8] ). Various activities at Saung Angklung Udjo then also move the economy, such as driving bamboo farmer activities, trading activities, tourism industry activities and various other economic activities. Even socio-culturally, the existence of Saung Angklung Udjo has become the center of community activities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 695, "width": 248, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The youth age group is currently filled with most of those born between 1997 and 2012 or popularly better known as Generation Z. This generation can be said to be the most technology and internet literate because they grew up in an all-digital environment. Furthermore, Generation Z uses social media as a destination for information, recreation and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "entertainment (Nichols [9] ). One of the most used social media is Instagram. It is known, according to data from Statista [10] , the number of Instagram users in January 2022 reached 99.15 million users. The largest users are in the 18- 24 year age group, which is 36.4 percent. Furthermore, Instagram is in third place as the most used social media platform, after Youtube and Whatsapp. The phenomenon of celebrities or artists on Instagram may also have been heard by some people, and nowadays celebrities have an important role in various aspects. In this case, many Generation Z have celebgram titles to promote the tourist attractions they visit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 215, "width": 248, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The image of a tourist destination is a description of tourists' knowledge of a destination regarding information on geography, climate, history, culture, infrastructure, security and so on. Uploaded photos and videos can be broadcast live, so they represent tourist objects and tourist attributes in real terms. This is also in accordance with the results of research conducted by Padron-Avila [11] that visual information uploaded by tourists can create the image of a tourist destination of a place which is described through latent content in the form of crowds, cleanliness, security, infrastructure, friendliness, uniqueness and comercialization. Furthermore, information on tourist destinations shared by Generation Z through Instagram accounts can build the image of tourist destinations and serve as a reference in making choices (Icoz [12] ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 387, "width": 248, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study is to find out how the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination is and how tourists use Instagram as a reference in traveling to Saung Angklung Udjo. The implications of this information can later be used by the Bandung City Government to carry out development and development of the tourism sector that is right on target.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 371, "top": 485, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. RESEARCH METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 502, "width": 248, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The method used in this study is a descriptive method in order to present a complete picture of the phenomena that occur on social media. The research subjects were adolescents with an age range of 18-24 years. Furthermore, this research refers to the study of literature related to social media and the image of tourist destinations so that it can analyze how big the role of social media is in forming the image of tourist destinations in Saung Angklung Udjo among teenagers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 617, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 635, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Image of Saung Angklung Udjo Tourism Destinations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 646, "width": 248, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination was formed through four stages according to research conducted by Beerli-Palacio and Martin-Santana [13] . In the first stage, potential tourists form a picture based on the information they get; the second stage, tourists begin to strengthen information by seeking information from other sources and evaluating to decide on a visit; the third stage is the stage where tourists form and evaluate the image of the destination when making a visit and the last is the stage where the image is formed after the trip is complete.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 407, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 167 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 40, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instagram as one of the social media, makes its users communicate and give meaning to the symbols used. In this case, the symbols are photos, images, text and uploaded videos. Furthermore, the celebgram as an active informant uploads various kinds of information to potential tourists regarding Saung Angklung Udjo. Selebgram also has a habit of taking selfies of travel photos on Instagram where this illustrates that vacations are one of the necessities and lifestyles. In the process of interaction, potential tourists not only follow one Instagram account but also become followers of other accounts. Communication in the cyber era is communication based on people's interpretive meaning of the symbols that roam in it.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 249, "width": 204, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Image of Cultural Tourism Destinations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 272, "width": 248, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The image as one of the cultural tourism destinations in the city of Bandung has been attached to Saung Angklung Udjo since the 2000s. Angklung itself was designated as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010. Furthermore, Saung Angklung Udjo, which is located in the center of Bandung City, presents a variety of West Javanese culture, such as Wayang Golek demonstrations, Helaran Ceremonies, traditional dance arts, Angklung Orchestra and Arumba. Saung Angklung Udjo also provides a bamboo workshop or workshop, where craftsmen produce thousands of Angklung and other bamboo musical instruments for export commodities and local demand. This open space is often used as a place to carry out various activities, including corporate gatherings.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 606, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fig. 1 Evening Bamboo Show", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 617, "width": 98, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Saung Angklung Udjo", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 638, "width": 248, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In general, Saung Angklung Udjo already has adequate supporting facilities and infrastructure, marked by the presence of a number of educational facilities, such as Buruan Sari Asih, Bale Karesemen, Saree, Forestry Extension Center and Angklung Production Center. Meanwhile, the public facilities at Saung Angklung Udjo can be seen from the guest house, Angklung dapoer, Goette Parc café, bamboo craft center shop, lesehan saung, public toilets, parking lots, worship facilities, music studios and libraries. Furthermore, the number of likes determines whether uploads on Instagram are liked by many Instagram users or not. This shows how a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "post on social media can provoke a response from hundreds of users. Instagram also later became a new means of forming the image of tourist destinations because it made it possible to reach tourists globally. From the results of researcher interviews with respondents, regarding how the image of Saung Angklung Udjo from social media sources Instagram in the pre-trip phase or before the respondent travels, the answers of all respondents are identical, namely in their minds the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination is illustrated by cultural presentations, especially performances. Evening Bamboo. The image of tourist destinations that they get from Instagram is an initial picture to determine the choice of tourist destinations to go to, while the image of the destination during the trip is a picture that determines they will visit again and recommend to other potential tourists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 272, "width": 219, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Image of Educational Tourism Destinations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 295, "width": 248, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the research findings, the majority of tourists visiting Saung Angklung Udjo are domestic tourists. The student group is dominated by a group of kindergarten to high school students who usually come on weekdays or are on a study tour. In addition, several students were also seen visiting Saung Angklung Udjo several times to complete their assignments or research. The majority of these tourists later learned about the existence of Saung Angklung Udjo from several social media including Instagram and promotions of celebgrams.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 548, "width": 211, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fig 2. Workshop for Angklung Musical Instruments Source: Saung Angklung Udjo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 581, "width": 237, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Culinary Tourism Potential is Less Promoted", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 604, "width": 248, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In fact, Saung Angklung Udjo is not only a cultural and educational tourism. If seen, Saung Angklung Udjo has Dapoer Angklung which offers traditional Sundanese food and drinks, such as Nasi Timbel Angklung, Nasi Timbel Arumba, Nasi Bone Jambal, Karedok, Pencok Long Beans, Pencok Leunca, Es Dawegan and Es Goyobod Angklung. Based on the results of field observations, tour groups can enjoy lunch or dinner together after completing the performance activities. The relationship between food and tourism has now developed not only as a product of basic needs by tourists but has also been used as a differentiating destination by creating an impressive atmosphere. UNWTO, Second Global Report on Gastronomy Tourism [14] even explained that there are many things that attract tourists to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 407, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 168 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 40, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "visit a culinary-based cultural tourism destination. The considerations needed by tourists include the type and variety of food offered, the level of quality of food and drinks, the services provided, the price level, the level of cleanliness and other things that can increase a person's appetite and the location of the place to eat. Unfortunately, this tourism potential has not been widely depicted on Instagram. This is in line with what respondents said that they did not get an initial picture of culinary tourism at Saung Angklung Udjo. Even on Saung Angklung Udjo's Instagram account, uploads of culinary tours are very rarely displayed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 226, "width": 233, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Tourist Destination Facilities and Infrastructure Not Maximum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 249, "width": 250, "height": 205, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The image of tourist destinations is a reality that tourists rely on when they make decisions, because tourists tend to choose tourist destinations that are well-known or have been used by many people over destinations they did not know before. This is one of the roles of social media, especially Instagram as a promotional tool [15] . Tourist perceptions of Saung Angklung Udjo, especially the condition of the tourist facilities provided, generally get a good rating from visiting tourists. condition of trash bins, performance venues, restaurants, equipment rentals, Angklung production centers, gift shops, security, local community attitudes and management attitudes are also considered good. However, there are several tourism facilities that need to be improved again, including parking facilities that are irregular and tend to be narrow, making it difficult to come by using a large bus. The more complete the facilities and infrastructure of a tourist destination, the stronger the offer position of a tourist destination in tourism will be.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 474, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 491, "width": 250, "height": 250, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social media is currently very influential on all sectors of life, including the tourism sector. It is known, almost all levels of Indonesian society have been connected to the internet. Based on data from Internet World Stats, internet users in Indonesia in 2021 will reach 212,354,070 people or 76.3 percent penetration per IWS. Furthermore, Instagram is the third most used social media application, after Youtube and Whatsapp. Tourism certainly cannot be separated from generation Z, because they are the ones who act as promotional subjects with the aim of branding on social media, especially on Instagram. Selebgram, in this case, uploads, publishes or shares appropriate photos, images, texts and videos with other Instagram users. The image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination is the image of a cultural and educational tourist destination. This is illustrated through the various activities offered by Saung Angklung Udjo, related to the Evening Bamboo Show and Angklung Production Center. Furthermore, tourists use Instagram as a reference medium to determine the choice of tourist destinations to go to, while during their trip they can determine whether they will visit again and recommend to other potential tourists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 399, "top": 88, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 111, "width": 247, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Irhamna SA. Dampak pengembangan pariwisata terhadap perekonomian masyarakat sekitar objek wisata di Dieng Kabupaten Wonosobo. 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8583a67a-76df-9b87-6e29-45df08b8e62b	https://talenta.usu.ac.id/abdimas/article/download/2369/1758	[ { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 111, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN Printed Version: 2549-4341 ISSN Online Version: 2549-418X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 55, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS TALENTA 4 (1) 2019: 9-12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 55, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/abdimas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri dkk. Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 295, "top": 778, "width": 8, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 122, "width": 394, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUKASI GIZI SEIMBANG ANAK USIA 0-2 TAHUN PADA IBU-IBU DI KELURAHAN HARAPAN MULIA, KEMAYORAN/ JAKARTA PUSAT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 177, "width": 226, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri Wuryanti 1) , Himmi Marsiati 1) , Sri Hastuti Andayani 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 211, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Yarsi, Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 223, "width": 149, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 280, "width": 38, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 456, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Riskesdas 2010 menunjukkan 5% dari balita di Indonesia masih mengalami kekurangan gizi dan 37% balita Indonesia mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak. Salah satu penyebab dari permasalahan ini adalah kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi balita. Untuk mencegah terjadinya malnutrisi pada balita, termasuk bayi usia dibawah 1 tahun, WHO merekomendasikan strategi global pemberian makan bayi dan anak, yaitu pemberian ASI eksklusif hingga usia 6 bulan dan mulai memberikan makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) sejak usia 6 bulan dengan tetap melanjutkan pemberian ASI paling tidak sampai usia 2 tahun. Kelurahan Harapan Mulia terdiri dari 9 RW dan 12 RT. Di wilayah ini terdapat 10 Posyandu dengan jumlah balita sebanyak 1503 anak. Berdasarkan hasil data kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) pada bulan Desember 2016 di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia didapatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman Ibu-ibu Kader tentang gizi di periode 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (1000 HPK) masih kurang, serta jumlah kader yang terlatih hanya 42%. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang berkelanjutan ini dengan sasaran wanita usia subur (WUS), ibu hamil atau ibu yang mempunyai baduta atau balita dan kader didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak balita, khususnya anak usia 0-2 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 298, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Gizi Seimbang Anak, Baduta/ Balita, Periode 1000 HPK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 102, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 536, "width": 212, "height": 180, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia mengalami 2 masalah gizi yang besar. Selain masih kekurangan gizi, kita juga mulai kelebihan gizi. Kekurangan dan kelebihan gizi sama-sama berdampak negatif. Kekurangan gizi berhubungan erat dengan lambatnya pertumbuhan tubuh (terutama pada anak), daya tahan tubuh yang rendah, kurangnya kecerdasan dan produktivitas yang rendah. Adapun kelebihan gizi berisiko terkena berbagai penyakit kronis/degenerative, seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, stroke, penyakit jantung, gout dan beberapa jenis kanker.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 726, "width": 198, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Riskesdas 2010 menunjukkan 5% dari balita di Indonesia masih mengalami kekurangan gizi dan 37% balita Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 511, "width": 203, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak. Salah satu penyebab dari permasalahan ini adalah kurangnya pengetahuan ibu akan gizi balita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 574, "width": 208, "height": 167, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kekurangan gizi berhubungan erat dengan lambatnya pertumbuhan tubuh (terutama pada anak), daya tahan tubuh yang rendah, kurangnya kecerdasan dan produktivitas yang rendah. Masalah kekurangan gizi pada anak balita berhubungan erat keadaan gizi ibu waktu remaja dan saat hamil, oleh karena itu pencegahan masalah gizi tidak lagi difokuskan pada anak balita seperti selama ini, tetapi lebih difokuskan pada remaja perempuan, ibu hamil dan bayi sampai berumur dua tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 111, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN Printed Version: 2549-4341 ISSN Online Version: 2549-418X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 55, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS TALENTA 4 (1) 2019: 9-12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 55, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/abdimas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri dkk. Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 778, "width": 14, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 109, "width": 175, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelurahan Harapan Mulia mempunyai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 121, "width": 209, "height": 256, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "luas 53,45 Ha terdiri dari 9 RW dan 12 RT yang dihuni oleh 8.448 KK dengan jumlah 27.086 jiwa. Kondisi Kelurahan Harapan Mulia adalah wilayah kumuh dan berpenduduk padat, dimana penduduknya terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, agama dan tingkat pendidikan Kelurahan Harapan Mulia tidak mempunyai mata pencaharian yang tetap, sebagian kecil karyawan kantor, PNS, dagang dan buruh. Di wilayah ini terdapat 10 Posyandu dengan jumlah balita sebanyak 1503 anak dan mempunyai kader sebanyak 86 orang, yaitu 36 kader terlatih dan 50 kader tidak terlatih. Berdasarkan data saat kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat pada bulan Desember 2016 di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia didapatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang gizi di periode 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (1000 HPK) sangat terbatas/kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 387, "width": 209, "height": 141, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan kesadaran ibu-ibu kader, WUS, ibu hamil atau ibu yang mempunyai baduta atau balita tentang pentingnya kecukupan gizi anak usia 0-2 tahun atau periode 1000 HPK. Selain itu, membantu pemerintah dalam upaya percepatan perbaikan gizi melalui Gerakan Nasional Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi masyarakat dengan prioritas/fokus pada 1000 HPK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 152, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODE PELAKSANAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 564, "width": 205, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang dilakukan pada kegiatan ini adalah dengan cara edukasi melalui penyuluhan tentang gizi seimbang anak usia 0 sampai 2 tahun pada kader, wanita usia subur (WUS), ibu hamil atau ibu yang mempunyai baduta atau balita, serta pemberian buku saku berjudul “Sehat &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 652, "width": 234, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerdas Berkat Gizi Seimbang” pada setiap peserta. Buku ini berisi informasi tentang ASI, MPASI dan cara memonitor pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA) Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/Jakarta Utara pada hari", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 108, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sabtu/16 Desember 2017. Acara diawali dengan pre test menilai pengetahuan para peserta dan diakhiri dengan post test untuk menilai peningkatan pengetahuan atau capaian dan keberhasilan kegiatan PkM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 184, "width": 158, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 210, "width": 213, "height": 192, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan dihadiri oleh 42 peserta (84% dari sasaran). Sebelum diberikan materi penyuluhan, dilakukan pre-test (lama 15 menit) untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu-ibu tentang gizi dan tumbuh kembang anak. Materi penyuluhan diberikan oleh 2 narasumber, yaitu dokter spesialis gizi dan dokter spesialis anak. Topik pertama berisi tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak 0-2 tahun, dan topik kedua tentang pengenalan dan evaluasi tumbuh kembang anak 0-2 tahun. Acara kegiatan diakhiri dengan sesi tanya jawab, post test, pembagian buku saku berjudul “Sehat & Cerdas Berkat Gizi Seimbang”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 412, "width": 206, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak usia 0-2 tahun dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai pre dan post test. Hasilnya dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 501, "width": 149, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Evaluasi Peningkatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 327, "top": 515, "width": 203, "height": 225, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengetahuan Peserta No Pertanyaan (tingkat pengetahuan peserta) Pre test % (jawaban benar) Post test % (jawaban benar) 1 Pengetahuan tentang ASI 85 95 2. Pengetahuan tentang MPASI 59 79 3. Peran kecukupan gizi pada tumbuh kembang anak 70 84", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 111, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN Printed Version: 2549-4341 ISSN Online Version: 2549-418X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 55, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS TALENTA 4 (1) 2019: 9-12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 55, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/abdimas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri dkk. Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 778, "width": 14, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 109, "width": 211, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pre-test, tingkat pengetahuan peserta tentang pengertian dan pentingnya asupan gizi seimbang dalam periode 0–2 tahun masih sangat terbatas (khususnya berkaitan dengan MPASI, karena hanya 59% peserta dapat menjawab benar pertanyaan terkait MPASI), sedangkan pengetahuan tentang ASI cukup baik (85%). Didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta pada akhir kegiatan, tentang ASI dari 85% menjadi 95%, sedangkan untuk MPASi dari 59% menjadi 79%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 286, "width": 217, "height": 242, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebutuhan gizi sangat bervariasi sesuai tahapan umur. Di dalam kandungan, janin akan tumbuh dan berkembang melalui pertambahan badan dan panjang badan, perkembangan otak serta organ-organ lainnya. Pada saat dilahirkan, sebagian besar perubahan tersebut menetap atau selesai, kecuali beberapa fungsi, yaitu perkembangan otak dan imunitas, yang berlanjut sampai beberapa tahun pertama kehidupan. Oleh karena itu kekurangan nutrisi sejak dalam kandungan dan periode awal kehidupan akan berdampak pada tumbuh kembang dalam jangka waktu panjang antara lain anak yang stunting, kemampuan kognitif yang lemah serta berisiko terkena penyakit tidak menular, seperti anemia, hipertensi, diabetes dan lain- lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 539, "width": 224, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tumbuh kembang merupakan ciri khas anak dan salah satu indikator kesehatan anak. Pertumbuhan (growth) adalah pertambahan kuantitas massa tubuh, yang biasanya diukur melalui penimbangan berat badan (dalam satuan kilogram) dan pengukuran tinggi badan (dalam satuan meter). Selain menggambarkan pertumbuhan, ukuran tubuh dapat digunakan untuk menentukan status gizi dan komposisi tubuh. Dalam kegiatan PkM ini, pengetahuan peserta tentang dampak kekurangan gizi pada tumbuh kembang anak tampak cukup baik. dan diakhir kegiatan didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan, yaitu dari 70% menjadi 84%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 108, "width": 111, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. FOTO KEGIATAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 270, "width": 196, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Pendaftaran Peserta dibantu oleh mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 453, "width": 186, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Pemberian Materi Penyuluhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 609, "width": 168, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Peserta mengisi Kuisioner", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 111, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN Printed Version: 2549-4341 ISSN Online Version: 2549-418X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 55, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS TALENTA 4 (1) 2019: 9-12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 55, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/abdimas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri dkk. Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 778, "width": 14, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 244, "width": 181, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Peserta sedang mempelajari buku saku “Sehat & Cerdas Berkat Gizi Seimbang”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 433, "width": 145, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Foto bersama peserta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 91, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 484, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Telah dilakukan penyuluhan tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak usia 0 – 2 tahun pada Ibu-ibu kader, WUS, ibu hamil dan ibu yang mempunyai anak baduta atau balita di kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kecamatan Kemayoran, Jakarta-Pusat. Dari kegiatan ini didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta tentang ASI, MPASI, serta peran kecukupan gizi pada tumbuh kembang anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 610, "width": 55, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 635, "width": 206, "height": 104, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perlu dilakukan pembinaan/penyegaran secara berkala dan berkelanjutan agar materi yang disampaikan dalam penyuluhan dapat disebar luaskan dan diaplikasikan dalam mengatur menu keluarga khususnya untuk baduta/balita, serta melakukan monitor dan evaluasi status gizi dan tumbuh kembang anak melalui kegiatan Posyandu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 108, "width": 149, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 135, "width": 208, "height": 128, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ucapan terima kasih kami sampaikan kepada Yayasan Universitas YARSI, Wakil Rektor III yang membawahi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Yarsi, Dinas Kesehatan Jakarta Pusat, mitra kami yaitu Bina Keluarga Balita Kelurahan Harapan Mulia/Kecamatan Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat yang telah membantu kami dalam menyelesaikan pengabdian masyarakat ini.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 286, "width": 102, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAS PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 312, "width": 218, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Endang L. Achadi, Kusharisupeni, Atmarita, Rahmi Untoro. Status Gizi Ibu Hamil dan Penyakit Tidak menular pada dewasa. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional Vol.7, No. 4, November, 2012 Kemenkes RI, 2010. Deteksi dan Intervensi Dini Tumbuh Kembang. Kemenkes : Jakarta", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 438, "width": 210, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerangka Kebijakan Gerakan Nasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 451, "width": 195, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi dalam Rangka Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (Gerakan 1000 HPK), Republik Indonesia 2013", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 514, "width": 219, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Murti, B., 2011. Kesehatan Anak dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 527, "width": 202, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Epidemiologi Sepanjang Hayat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 539, "width": 185, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Editorial Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia, Vol.2, No.1 Januari 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 577, "width": 217, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Summary Lancet Breatsfeeding Series in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 590, "width": 193, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia; Implementasi Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat; Penayangan video kampanye Gizi Tinggi Prestasi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 628, "width": 73, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UNICEF, 2016.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 653, "width": 215, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mcwhinney I dan Freeman T, 2009, Texbook of Family Medicine 3rd ed. Oxford University Press Inc : Newyork", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 704, "width": 220, "height": 65, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proceeding of The Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Update Nutrimet “Best Practice in Nutrition & Metabolic Disease in the First 1000 Days of Life, April 30-May 1, 2017", "type": "Table" } ]
a71f37ee-d0c8-0000-ace1-83aae61b55f1	https://balimedikajurnal.com/index.php/bmj/article/download/267/168	[ { "left": 113, "top": 39, "width": 130, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 243, "top": 44, "width": 3, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 59, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 59, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 71, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 122, "width": 145, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 134, "width": 131, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 194, "top": 152, "width": 221, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (CC BY 4.0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "246", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 197, "width": 131, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted 16 May 2022 Reviewed 9 December 2022 Accepted 20 December 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 248, "width": 388, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit: literature review:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 323, "width": 372, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Factors affecting the completeness of hospitalizationmedical records: a literature review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 222, "top": 392, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ni Luh Putu Devhy 1* , Ika Setya Purwanti 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 412, "width": 315, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan, STIKes Wira Medika Bali, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 432, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 495, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 516, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekam medis adalah dokumen yang berisi data pasien yang terdiri dari identitas, riwayat pemeriksaan dan pengobatan pasien. Rekam medis harus diisi dengan lengkap karena dapat digunakan sebagai landasan hukum jika terjadi hal-hal yang tidak diharapkan selama suatu tindakan kesehatan. Kelengkapan rekam medis dapat dijadikan sebagai penunjang untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, ditemukan hanya 74% kelengkapan RM dari nama indikator tindakan. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah literature review, pencarian artikel di LR ini menggunakan google scolar, dengan kata kunci “faktor kelengkapan”, DAN “rekam medis” DAN “rawat inap”. Artikel yang ditemukan dalam pencarian sebanyak 262 artikel, kemudian dievaluasi kembali sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan sehingga akhirnya tersedia 5 artikel yang dapat direview.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 699, "width": 52, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* How to Cite", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 720, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Devhy, N. L. P. ., & Purwanti, I. S. . Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit: literature review: Factors affecting the completeness of hospitalizationmedical records: a literature review. Bali Medika Jurnal, 9(3), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3.267", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "247", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil : Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis adalah manusia, metode, bahan, uang Man, uang dan metode merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tidak lengkapnya rekam medis, sehingga disarankan untuk membuat standar operasional prosedur (SPO) dalam melakukan rekam medis kemudian atas pemberian motivasi kepada tenaga kesehatan dalam pengisian rekam medis dapat kami berikan sanksi yang tegas dan jelas bagi mereka. Kesimpulan: Man, money, material, dan methode merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi ketidaklengkapan medis, sehingga disarankan untuk membuat Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO) dalam melakukan kegiatan medis dan disosialisasikan secara bertahap, kemudian untuk memotivasi petugas dalam pengisian RM bisa diberikan hadiah dan sanksi yang jelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 243, "width": 270, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci :, Faktor kelengkapan; Rekam Medis; Rawat inap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 286, "width": 55, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 306, "width": 400, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Medical record is a document that contains patient data consisting of identity, history of examination and treatment of patients. Medical records must be filled out completely because they can be used as a legal basis if something unexpected happens during a health action. Completeness of medical records can be used as support to improve health services. Based on the results of previous studies, it was found that only 74% of the completeness of the RM from the name of the action indicator. This literature review aims to determine the factors that affect the completeness of filling out medical records. Methods: The method used in this article is a literature review, the search for articles in this LR uses a google scholar, with the keywords \"completeness factors\", AND \"medical records\" AND \"hospitalization\". The articles found in the search were 262 articles, then re-evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set so that finally 5 articles were available that could be reviewed. Results showed that factors affecting the completeness of filling out medical records are man, method, material, and money. They affected uncomplitement of medical records, so it’s recommended to make standard operating procedure (SPO) in doing medical records and giving motivation to the health worker in filling medical records. We can give present and clear sanctions for them. It is recommended to make Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in carrying out medical record activities and socialize them on ongoing basis, then to motivate health workers in filling out RMs, prizes can be given and clear sanctions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 596, "width": 351, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Literature Review, Completeness factors, medical records, Inpatien", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 660, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 681, "width": 401, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rawat inap merupakan salah satu unit bagian dari sebuah rumah sakit. Rumah sakit memiliki peranan penting dalam peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Mutu pelayanan suatu rumah sakit dapat dilihat dari pengelolaan rekam medisnya. Berdasarkan Kepmenkes RI nomor 129 Tahun 2008, mengatakan bahwa standar pelayanan minimal untuk kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis adalah rekam medis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "248", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang terisi lengkap oleh dokter dalam waktu kurang dari 24 jam (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 124, "width": 401, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekam medis yang baik adalah, rekam medis yang telah terisi dengan lengkap. Dikatakan lengkap jika, akurat, tepat waktu dalam pengembalian, dapat digunakan sebagai persyaratan hukum jika diperlukan dan dalam pengisian petugas kesehatan (dokter, perawat, bidan) teliti dalam mengisi rekam medis pasien setelah selesai pemeriksaan atau pemberian tindakan, jika dilihat dari hasil penelitian tentang kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis rawat inap dirumah sakit masih tergolong kurang lengkap hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di RS. Sanjiwani pada tahun 2019 didapatkan hasil terendah dalam pengisiannya yaitu pada item pembetulan sebesar 23,2% (Devhy & Oka Widana, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 256, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan rekam medis berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada 5 penelitian dibawah ini yang paling banyak didapatkan adalah faktor man (petugas kesehatan) dan terkait dengan prosedural. Penelitian lain yang dilaksanakan di RSIA Bunda Aliyah Jakarta pada tahun 2019 dari 100 rekam medis yang pengisian kelengkapan pada indikator nama tindakan sebanyak 74% (Rini, Jak, & Wiyono, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 347, "width": 401, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan fenomena diatas maka penulis ingin membuat literature riview yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 419, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 440, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode penulisan artikel yang digunakan penulis adalah literature review. Menurut Hasibuan literature review merupakan uraian tentang suatu teori, yang dijadikan sebagai landasan untuk melakukan suatu penelitian (Hasibuan, 2007). Pencarian artikel dalam penulisan ini menggunakan google scholar , dengan kata kunci “faktor-faktor kelengkapan”, AND “rekam medis” AND “rawat inap”. Kriteria inklusi dalam penetapan artikel yang digunakan yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 531, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Artikel berbahasa Indonesia,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 553, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Artikel yang terbit dari tahun 2018-2020", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 574, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Artikel yang membahas tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidaklengapan dalam pengisian rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 632, "width": 401, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kriteria eksklusi dalam penulisan artikel ini yaitu: Artikel dalam bentuk abstrak saja. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi diatas maka dari itu didapatkan hasil untuk artikel yang membahas tentang faktor-faktor ketidaklengkapan pengisian rekam medis melalui google scholar sebanyak 262 artikel, kemudian penulis mengurangi lagi dengan kategori artikel yang terbit dalam kurun waktu dr 2018-2020, sehingga didapatkan sebanyak 220 artikel, setelah itu artikel tersebut kemudian di seleksi kembali dengan menggunakan keterkaitan topik dan judul sehingga mendapatkan sebanyak 30 artikel, dan 12 artikel lainnya di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "249", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "seleksi kembali melalui identifikasi abstrak, sehingga didapatkanlah jurnal akhir yang bisa dianalisa sesuai dengan rumusan masalah dan tujuan sebanyak 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 146, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN DISKUSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 168, "width": 401, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelusuran jurnal didapatkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit antara lain: faktor sumber daya manusia (SDM) sebanyak 5 artikel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 239, "width": 449, "height": 509, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Penelusuran No Author Judul dan Jurnal Metode dan Sampel Hasil Penelitian 1 Ana Natfidatul Khoiroh, Novita Nuraini, Maya Weka Santi Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang M: kualitatif S: 2 Petugas rekam medis rawat inap Hasil penelitian mengatakan bahwa faktor penyebab utama ketidaklengkapan pengisian dokumen rekam medis rawat inap bangsal bedah adalah dari kesadaran dan kedisiplinan dokter dalam mengisi dokumen rekam medis. 2 Dian Fadilah Ayu Lestari, Indah Muflihatin Analisis Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap Di PUSKESMAS Kota Anyar M: Kualitatif S: 6 orang petugas rekam medis Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa prioritas penyebab masalah ketidaklengkapan rekam medis pasien rawat inap yaitu tidak ada SOP ( Standart Operational Procedure ). 3 Anna Anita Paulus, Yudhy Dharmawan, Farid Agushybana Faktor faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kelengkapan Dokumen Rekam medis Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Tahun 2018 M: Kualitatif S: 64 orang dan rekam medis sebanyak 562 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara komunikasi dokter dengan kelengkapan rekam medis. 4 Izha Sukma Rahmadhani, Sri Sugiarsi, antik Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Dokumen Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap Dalam Batas Waktu Pelengkapan M: Kualitatif S: rekam medis dan petugas kesehatan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor ketidaklengkapan rekam medis pasien rawat inap disebabkan oleh aspek", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "250", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 89, "width": 448, "height": 157, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi Surakarta sumber daya dan aspek prosedur pelaksanaan. 5 Selvia Juwita Swari, Gamasiano Alfiansyah, Rossalina Adi Wijayanti, Rowinda Dwi Kurniawati Analisis Kelengkapan Pengisian Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang M: kualitatif S: 86 rekam medis dan 2 orang petugas Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah ketidaklengkapan dari pengisian rekam medis rawat inap ada beberapa faktor yaitu faktor petugas ( man ), faktor prosedural", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 402, "top": 235, "width": 135, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( method ), faktor alat ( material ), faktor machines dan faktor motivation.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 116, "top": 308, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diskusi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 329, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penantaan rekam medis, pemberian coding, tabulasi, pelaporan rumah sakit, dan yang terakhir pemusnahan rekam medis merupakan beberapa hal yang harus dilakukan jika ingin tertib admisitrasi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit (Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia, 2006). Guna mencapai tertib administrasi maka diperlukan indikator-indkator yang harus dipenuhi, yaitu salah satunya kegiatan pengisian rekam medis pasien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 420, "width": 403, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi ketidak lengkapan dari pengisian rekam medis rawat inap salah satu nya yaitu faktor petugas ( man ), faktor petugas yang dimaksud disini adalah petugas kesehatan seperti dokter, perawat dan petugas rekam medis. Penyebab petugas ( man ) tidak mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan yang kurang baik hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Rosita yaitu dilihat dari hasil korelasi ada hubungan antara pengetahuan petugas kesehatan dengan kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis (Kumalasari, Darmawan, & Winarni, 2018). Penelitian lain yang dilakukan oleh devi juga mendapatkan hasil yang sama yaitu ada hubungan antara pengetahuan perawat dengan pengisian rekam medis (Sari & Siwi, 2019). Selain pengetahuan penyebab lain yang memengaruhi petugas (man) dalam pengisian rekam medis nya yaitu kedisiplinan dari seorang petugas hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Khoiroh, Nuraini, & Santi, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 607, "width": 401, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lain yang tidak kalah pentingnya dalam memengaruhi kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis yaitu faktor method. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dian dikatakan bahwa 1 orang informan mengatakan tidak adanya Standar Prosedure Operasiona l dan (SPO) 3 orang informan ragu-ragu tentang keberadaan SPO yang berkaitan dengan aturan atau prosedur kerja sehingga dapat mendukung jalannya suatu kegiatan atau pekerjaan (Lestari & Muflihatin, 2020). Penelitian lain yang sejalan mengatakan bahwa ketidaklengkapan pengisian resume medis dikarenakan belum adanya sosialisasi tentang (SPO) yang dilakukan secara terus menerus, kemudian tidak adanya punishment dan reward yang jelas, hal ini dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan petugas dalam mengisi resume medis (Apriyantini, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "251", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 401, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor material juga dapat mempengaruhi kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis, berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan petugas ruangan yang dilakukan oleh Selvi didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada data rekapitulasi untuk kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis yaitu sarana dan prasarana (Swari, Alfiansyah, Wijayanti, & Kurniawati, 2019)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 165, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor keuangan (money) berkaitan dengan penyedia sarana dan prasarana sebagai penyedia dokumen rekam medis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Karmila dikatakan bahwa perlu ada pengalokasian dana yang akan digunakan khusus untuk pelatihan yang berkesinambungan sehingga dapat menunjang tercapainya pelayanan secara optimal (Karmila, 2020). Penelitian lain mengatakan bahwa perlu adanya pengharagaan berupa pujian atau jika memungkinkan adanya pemberian hadiah sehingga dapat memotivasi petugas dalam mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap (Swari, Alfiansyah, Wijayanti, & Kurniawati, 2019)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 298, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor machine juga merupakan salah satu faktor dari ketidaklengkapan rekam medis, berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh selvi di RSUD Kariadi Semarang dikatakan bahwa belum adanya cheeklist yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk melakukan monitoring setelah selesai pelayanan (Swari, Alfiansyah, Wijayanti, & Kurniawati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 375, "width": 401, "height": 107, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan monitoring dan evaluasi merupakan salah satu unsur yang berhubungan erat dengan audit medis, maka dari itu praktisi rekam medik di haruskan untuk memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan luas sehingga dapat meninggkatkan mutu dari pelayanan. Proses monitoring dan evaluasi berpedoman pada beberapa indikator salah satunya yaitu diagnosis harus ditulis dengan benar pada lembaran masuk dan keluar, penulisan identitas pasien, laporan riwayat penyakit dan pemeriksaan fisik dalam keadaan lengkap dan berisi semua data (Yanmed, 1997).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 515, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 537, "width": 401, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bebarapa faktor ketidaklengkapan rekam medis dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal yaitu, dari faktor Man yang disebabakan oleh kedisiplinan dan tanggung jawab petugas kesehatan dalam pengisian rekam medis, faktor prosedural ( method) yaitu belum adanya evaluasi SPO dan pelaksanaan kegiatan monitoring terhadap kelengkapan rekam medis, dari faktor alat ( material ) lembar cheeklist untuk memeriksa kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis belum spesifik, dan tidak terdapat data rekapitulasi ketidaklengkapan pengisian rekam medis rawat inap. Faktor dana ( money ) tidak adanya penghargaan dalam bentuk penambahan gaji (remunerasi) dan sangsi yang tegas kepada petugas kesehatan jika tidak mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 683, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perlu dilakukannya penetapan SPO untuk pengisian rekam medis sehingga petugas kesehatan dapat mengisi sesuai dengan standar, sebaiknya diberikan reward atau penghargaan untuk petugas kesehatan yang mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap, dan sebaliknya jika ada yang petugas kesehatan yang tidak mengisi dengan baik rekam medis nya makan diberikan hukuman. Perlu dilakukannya pelatihan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "252", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terkait dengan rekam medik, mengingat masih banyak praktisi rekam medik yang belum berlatar belakang pendidikan rekam medis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 146, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 168, "width": 400, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia. (2006, November). Retrieved Desember 2021, from Manual Rekam Medis: http://119.2.50.170:9092/pormiki/asset/upload/62_MANUAL_REKAM_ MEDIS.pdf https://doi.org/10.47638/admmirasi.v5i1.69 Devhy, N. P., & Oka Widana, A. G. (2019). Analisis Kelengkapan Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Ganesha Di Kota Gianyar Tahun 2019. Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan , 2(2), 106-110.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 272, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.31983/jrmik.v2i2.5353", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 294, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rini, M., Jak, Y., & Wiyono, T. (2019). Analisis Kelengkapan Pengisian Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Kebidanan RSIA Bunda Aliyah Jakarta Tahun 2019 . Jurnal Manajemen dan Admisitrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia (MARSI), 3 no 2 (Oktober ), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.7454/jabt.v2i2.96", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasibuan, Z. A. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Pada Bidang Ilmu Komputer Dan Teknologi Informasi. Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.52958/iftk.v17i2.3464", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 407, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Khoiroh, A. N., Nuraini, N., & Santi, M. W. (2020). Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang . 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Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "253", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 88, "width": 364, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ". Abdimas, 3 Nomor 2, 43-47. 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f82080c6-b42e-edf4-2fb3-b428509b7947	http://jurnal.utu.ac.id/jppolicy/article/download/698/564	[ { "left": 80, "top": 86, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "RELASI OTONOMI KHUSUS DAN PENGURANGAN KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI ACEH", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 288, "top": 148, "width": 38, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ikhsan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 169, "width": 201, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 210, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 471, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study investigates the The relationship between special autonomi and impact of alleviation of poverty. Special autonomy in Aceh was designed to rebuild Aceh Post-Conflict and tsunami that had destroyed Aceh from the development and social political causing increased poor people. Special autonomy expected to be the solution of social problems and poverty in aceh province.To achieve a purpose of this research, used the theory decentralization asymmetrical that helps to see efforts pelaksaan decentralization at the provincial level in accordance with local knowledge to the problem of community social and confinement the level of poverty.This research uses the method the qualitative study by adopting descriptive aimed at to explain deeper on the impact of autonomy special on alleviation of poverty through technique observation, interviews and documentation . the results showed that the relationship between special autonomy and poverty has no significant effect", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 281, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keyword : Special autonomy, poverty, policy, relationship", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 474, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 515, "width": 471, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemiskinan telah menjadi isu global yang dapat menghambat kesejahteraan dan kemajuan peradaban umat manusia, bahkan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencatat hingga bulan Maret 2014 jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia menembus angka 28,28 juta jiwa atau 11,47 persen dari total penduduk Indonesia. Menurut banyak pakar kemiskinan, faktor ekonomi sering kali disebut sebagai penyebab utama munculnya kemiskinan. Namun pada kenyataannya, faktor politik adalah faktor yang paling dominan memainkan peranan bagi munculnya penduduk miskin baru akibat berbagai kebijakan yang dibuat. Selain itu, faktor pendidikan yang rendah, dan faktor infrastruktur yang terbatas menjadi penyebab makin banyaknya kemiskinan di Indonesia. . Meskipun memiliki sumber daya alam yang berlimpah namun apabila hidup di daerah yang tertinggal dengan infrastruktur yang terbatas maka besar kemungkinan individu tersebut akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "tetap terjebak dalam lingkaran kemiskinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketimpangan ekonomi yang berujung pada konflik disintegrasi terjadi di beberapa daerah di Indonesia, seperti pemberontakan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM), dan lepasnya timor-timur dari NKRI. Antisipasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah adalah dengan menerapkan desentralisasi yang asimetris seperti di Aceh dan Papua berupa otonomi khusus. Menurut Hanum (2001:109) terdapat dua manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari pemberlakuan desentralisasi asimetris. Pertama, sebagai solusi bagi kemungkinan terjadinya konflik etnis, atau konflik fisik lainnya. Kedua, sebagai respon demokratis dan damai terhadap keluhan atau masalah yang dihadapi kelompok kaum minoritas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terkait dengan permasalahan desentralisasi di Aceh, pemerintah telah merespon dengan memberlakukan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintah Aceh dengan alokasi dana otonomi khusus tahun 2008 adalah sebesar Rp3,59 Triliun dan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya sesuai perkembangan DAU Nasional. Total dana otsus yang sudah diterima Aceh sampai tahun 2014 adalah sebesar Rp 35,1 Triliun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 404, "width": 471, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jumlah dana otsus yang sudah diterima merupakan jumlah yang sangat besar untuk bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pembangunan guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Aceh. Dalam rangka pengentasan kemiskinan. Hal ini sesuai pernyataan Gubernur Aceh:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 466, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "“Didasarkan data BPS Aceh, angka kemiskinan di Aceh saat ini sebesar 19,72 persen dan dengan dana yang dimiliki Aceh, serta program dan kegiatan yang akan dijalankan tahun ini, pemerintah optimis akan terjadi penurunan kemiskinan sebesar 2 (dua) persen” (www.bisnisaceh.com, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 471, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Otonomi khusus Aceh dipandang dapat mengurangi kemiskinan dengan lebih cepat apabila didorong oleh tata kelola pemeritahan yang baik. Otonomi khusus di Aceh akan meningkatkan efesiensi alokasi sumberdaya karena pemerintah di daerah lebih dekat dengan warga daripada pemerintah pusat sehingga pemerintah di daerah diharapkan memiliki informasi yang akurat dan bisa menyelesaikan persoalan dengan lebih cepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 653, "width": 471, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini difokuskan terhadap dampak dari pelaksaan otonomi khusus di Aceh yang telah berjalan selama 7 (Tujuh) tahun terutama terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan sebagai kosekuensi dari kontruksi otonomi khusus di Aceh yaitu pengurangan kemiskinan, selain itu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan otonomi khusus di Aceh mampu untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana hubungan otonomi khusus dan pengurangan kemiskinanan di Propinsi Aceh?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TINJAUAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 184, "width": 112, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Tinjauan Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Otonomi khusus sebagai salah satu strategi dalam mengatasi persoalan kesejahteraan sosial telah banyak menjadi bahan kajian para ahli. Berikut ini disajikan beberapa tulisan yang mengangkat tema di atas sebagai fokus penelitian. Skonieczny dan Torissi (2008) melakukan penelitian tentang keberadaan daerah-daerah yang diberikan hak otonomi khusus. Penelitian ini berangkat dari kasus otonomi khusus yang yang diberikan kepada salah satu daerah di Spanyol yang dikenal dengan comuniddades autonomas , serta sebuah daerah di Italia yang juga diberikan berupa otonomi khusus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 471, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk memperjelas pemahaman mengenai kemiskinan, berikut penulis lampirkan tabel penelitian terdahulu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 419, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu Tentang Kemiskinan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 455, "width": 448, "height": 241, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peneliti/ Tempat Judul/tempat penelitian Metode Penelitian Hasil/Penelitian Skonieczny dan Torissi di Spanyol dan Italia (2008) Daerah otonomi khusus dan tingkat keberhasilan dalam pembangunan ekonomi Kualitatif Menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pemberian otonomi khusus dengan perubahan indeks pembangunan ekonomi. Luthfi di Aceh (2012) Dampak adanya otonomi khusus serta sharing hasil hasil minyak bumi dan gas Kuantitatif Menemukan fakta bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah ( government expenditure ) yang meningkat secara signifikan sejak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 73, "width": 448, "height": 532, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(dan amigas) terhadap program pengurangan angka kemiskinan di Aceh 2009 tidak diikuti dengan peningkan taraf kesejahteraan masyarakat, meskipun angka pengangguran berhasil diturunkan. Mollet di Papua (2012) Otonomi khusus dan program pengentasan kemiskinan di Provinsi Papua Deskriptif kualitatif Terjadi pengurangan angka kemiskinan di provinsi Papua sebesar 10 % setelah dibelakukannya status otonomi khusus. Angka ini merupakan pengurangan kemiskinan paling signifikan dalam satu dekade terakhir. Fleinteinstein dan Iwata di China (2004) Pengaruh desentralisasi ekonomi dan fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi di China. Kuantitatif Desentralisasi ekonomi berhubungan positif dengan pertumbuhan PDB riil di China. Hammound dan Tossun di Virginia University (2009) Keterkaitan antara otonomi daerah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Kualitatif Yang menentukan berhasil atau tidak pembangunan ekonomi tidak ditentukan oleh bentuk pengelolaan pemerintah daerah (desentralisasi atau tidak) tetapi juga bentuk organisasi pemerintah daerah itu sendiri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kerangka Teori", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 93, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1 Desentralisasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 471, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Otonomi Daerah, desentralisasi adalah penyerahan wewenang pemerintahan oleh Pemerintah kepada Daerah Otonom dalam kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Desentralisasi merupakan salah satu dari upaya penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang didelegasikan kepada pemerintah daerah, selain dekonsentrasi dan tugas perbantuan. Dekonsentrasi adalah pelimpahan wewenang dari Pemerintah kepada Gubernur sebagai wakil Pemerintah dan atau perangkat pusat di Daerah. Tugas Perbantuan adalah penugasan dari Pemerintah kepada Daerah dan Desa dan dari Daerah ke Desa untuk melaksanakan tugas tertentu yang disertai pembiayaan, sarana dan prasarana, serta sumber daya manusia dengan kewajiban melaporkan dan mempertanggungjawabkan pelaksanaannya kepada yang menugaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 335, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Secara umum, ada tiga argument yang senantiasa digunakan untuk menggarisbawahi pentingnya desentralisasi . Pertama, desentralisasi akan meningkatkan efesiensi alokasi sumber daya karena pemerintah didaerah lebih dekat dengan warga ketimbang pemerintah pusat sehingga memiliki informasi yang cepat untuk merespon kebutuhan warga. Hal ini juga mendorong pemerintah daerah untuk berkompetisi, mempromosikan keunggulan daerah masing- masing yang pada akhirnya akan memacu inovasi dan kebijakan yang lebih progesif. Kedua, desentralisasi akan meningkatkan produktivitas melalui peningkatan akuntabilatas, pemberantasan korupsi dan peningkatan efektifitas pemerintah lokal (Ni’matul Huda: 78, 2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 514, "width": 144, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2 Desentralisasi Asimetris", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 471, "height": 179, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengadopsian model desentralisasi asimetris didasari kebutuhan akan kerangka administrasi yang handal dalam mengelola keragaman lokal. Format pengorganisasian Negara dilihat sebagai wujud respon atas realitas keberagaman masyarakat sebagai sebagai sumber input bagi bekerjanya sistem politik/pemerintahan. Warsito Utomo (2004) juga menggaris bawahi pentingya melihat desentralisasi asimetris (termasuk yang dipraktekkan Negara federal) sebagai upaya untuk tidak saja melakukan transfer of political outhority tetapi juga upaya untuk mengakomodasi terhadap cultural diversity . Disentralisasi akan memberikan ruang gerak secara cultural bagi daerah yang berkarakter berbeda. Pada titik ini menempatkan desentralisasi asimetrik untuk Indonesia variasi budaya yang sangat beragam akan sangat tepat untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 259, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memberkan apresiasi terhadap keberagaman tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 103, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.3 Otonomi Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk merangkum semua definisi yang ada pasal I Undang-Undang Nomor 32 tentang Pemerintah Daerah menyebutkan definisi otonomi daerah: “kewenangan daerah otonom untuk mengatur dan mengurus kepentingan masyarakat setempat menurut prakarsa sendiriberdasarkan aspirasi masyarakat sesuai dengan perturan perundang-undangan”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 221, "width": 165, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.4 Kebijakan Otonomi Khusus", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daerah-daerah yang memiliki kekhususan ini biasanya memiliki sentimen kesejarahan yang khusus membedakan dengan daerah lain, sentimen kesejarahan ini kemudian diikuti oleh rasa loyalitas yang tinggi pada devisi sosial dalam suatu teritori secara kuat (Yosmardin dan Ramses, 2008:65). Dalam kasus Aceh, perbedaan mendasar antara penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Aceh dengan penyelengaraan pemerintahan daerah lain ialah titik berat pelaksanaan desentralisasi berada ditingkat propinsi, khususnya terkait dengan pengelolaan hak- hak keistimewaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hak-hak istimewa di atas menimbulkan tiga implikasi, yaitu pertama Aceh mendapat akses yang lebih besar terhadap sumber daya, baik sumber daya alam maupun keuangan. Kedua, organisasi pemerintah daerah menjadi lebih besar karena pembentukan lembaga-lembaga baru baik yang termasuk jajaran satuan kerja maupun yang tidak. Ketiga, menguatnya kewenangan gubernur khususnya dalam hal pengelolaan dan distribusi dana otonomi khusus serta dana bagi hasil migas. Implikasi terakhir ini menjadi penentu arah kebijakan pemerintah Aceh dalam mengatasi ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan antar-kabupaten pasca berlakunya otonomi khusus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 555, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.5 Kemiskinan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 576, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Patterson dan Scholz mendefinisikan penduduk miskin sebagai sekelompok dalam masyarakat dengan tingkat pendapatan paling rendah dan dengan rencana hidup paling rendah pula. Berangkat dari definisi penduduk miskin ini maka kemiskinan diterjemahkan sebagai kondisi ketika pendapatan (income) yang diperoleh sangat rendah (dibawah garis kemiskinan) sehingga menghilangkan kemampuan untuk menata hidup menjadi lebih baik. UNDP (2008:34) mendefinisiskan kemiskinan tidak hanya menyangkut uang tetapi kegagalan akses akan sumber daya seperti kesehatan, pendidikan dan kesempatan untuk berpartisapasi dalam politik. UNDP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memasukkan penilaian tidak adanya partisapasi dalam pengambilan kebijakan publik sebagai salah satu indikator kemiskinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 128, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan jenis, kemiskinan dapat dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu pertama, kemiskinan relatif, kemiskinan absolut, kemiskinan struktural dan kemiskinan kultural (Badrudin, 2012:55) kemiskinan relatif. Kedua, kemiskinan absolut Ketiga, kemiskinan struktural Keempat, kemiskinan kultural.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "World Bank (2008) dalam Hendra menyebutkan bahwa penyebab kemiskinan: 1) rendahnya pendapatan dan asset untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar; 2) ketidakmapuan bersuara di depan institusi negara dan masyarakat; 3) rentan terhadap gangguan ekonomi (Hendra, 2010:59). Kartasasmita (1996:227) menyebutkan bahwa kemiskinan diakibatkan oleh faktor- faktor sebagai berikut: 1) rendahnya tingkat pendidikan menyebabkan keterbatasan pengembangan diri; 2) rendahnya tingkat kesehatan, dalam hal ini rendahnya kesehatan dan gizi buruk menyebabkan rendahnya daya tahan fisik, daya fikir, dan prakarsa; 3) terbatasnya lapangan kerja; 4) keterisolasian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 404, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini dipersempit jangkauan bahwa penyebab kemiskinan akan digunakan keterbatasasan akses modal, rendahnya sumber daya manusia, rendahnya tingkat kesehatan, serta ketidakmampuan untuk berpartisapasi dalam hal politik untuk menyampaikan aspirasi kepada masyarakat dan Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 505, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metodologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 544, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kulitatif. Penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang tertuju pada pemecahan masalah-masalah sehingga data-data yang dikumpulkan, disusun dan dijelaskan, dan dianalisa (Surachmad, 1980). Penelitian kualitatif adalah jenis penelitian yang temuan-temuanya tidak diperoleh melalui prosedur statistik atau bentuk hitung lainnya. Data tidak berbentuk angka tetapi banyak berupa narasi, deskripsi, cerita, dokumentasi tertulis, dan tidak tertulis. Penelitian kualitatif berusaha memahami fenomena sosial melalui gambaran holistik terhadap obyek studi pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah (Lexy J Moleong, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dalam bentuk wawancara dan observasi lansung di Propinsi Aceh yaitu; Gubernur Aceh, Bappeda, Dinas Sosial, TNP2K, dan BPS Aceh. Data sekunder yang peneliti gunakan adalah data-data yang dimiliki oleh Bappeda Aceh, Dinas Sosial Aceh, TNP2K Aceh, dan BPS Aceh, yang berupa hasil penelitian terdahulu, laporan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 212, "width": 166, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kondisi Kemiskinan Di Aceh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 247, "width": 471, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam periode 2008-2014, jumlah penduduk miskin Aceh menurun hingga 9 (sembilan) persen atau mencapai lebih empat ratus ribu jiwa. Lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat pada tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 302, "width": 292, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel Persentase Kemiskinan di Aceh Tahun 2008 - 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 329, "width": 369, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahun Angka Kemiskinan Aceh % Angka Kemiskinan Indonesia % 2008 23.53 % 15.40 % 2009 21.80 % 14.15 % 2010 20.98 % 13.33 % 2011 19.57 % 12.49 % 2012 18.48 % 11.96 % 2013 17.72 % 11.46 % 2014 16.98 % 10.96 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 499, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber di olah dari BPS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 533, "width": 471, "height": 138, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mencermati perkembangan data kemiskinan Aceh, sebaran penduduk miskin lebih banyak berada di pedesaan dibandingkan wilayah perkotaan. Tahun 2008 jumlah penduduk miskin di pedesaan berjumlah 864.900 jiwa atau sekitar 79,81 persen dari total penduduk miskin dan di perkotaan hanya sebanyak 218.800 jiwa atau 20,19 persen. Proses penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin ternyata relatif tidak diikuti dengan perubahan komposisi sebaran penduduk miskin. Hingga tahun 2014 persentase penduduk miskin pedesaaan relative stabil di kisaran 79 persen dan di perkotaan hanya pada kisaran 20 persen. (BPS,Aceh dalam angka)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 72, "width": 420, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel Jumlah, Pesentase, Dan Perbandingan Penduduk Miskin Terhadap Jumlah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 93, "width": 443, "height": 293, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penduduk di Aceh, 2008-2014 Tahun Jumlah Penduduk Miskin (000) % Penduduk Miskin Perbandingan Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Terhadap Total Jumlah Penduduk Kota Desa K+D Kota Desa K+D Kota Desa 2007 218,8 864,9 1083,7 18,68 29,87 26,65 20,19 79,81 2008 195,8 763,9 959,7 16,67 26,30 23,53 20,40 79,60 2009 182,2 710,7 892,9 15,44 24,37 21,8 20,41 79,59 2010 173,4 688,5 861,9 14,65 23,54 20,98 20,12 79,88 2011 180,4 718,6 899,19 14,80 24,47 19,57 20,27 79,73 2012 176,6 700,6 877,23 13,90 23,45 18,35 20,34 79,66 2013 164,2 695,2 859,48 12,86 22,01 17,67 20,02 78, 98 2014 158,04 679,3 8 837,42 11,36 19,19 16,98 21,11 78,99", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 394, "width": 178, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : diolah dari data BPS Aceh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan lain kemiskinan di Aceh adalah besarnya gap antara garis kemiskinan wilayah perkotaan dan wilayah pedesaan. Dalam periode 2008-2014 garis kemiskinan perkotaan meningkat dari Rp 246.375,- menjadi Rp 352.056,- sedangkan di pedesaan meningkat dari hanya Rp 218.143,-. pada tahun 2008 menjadi Rp 310.089,- pada tahun 2014 (Sumber di olah dari BPS). Hal ini tidak hanya menunjukkan rendahnya tingkat pendapatan di pedesaan melainkan juga menyatakan adanya ketimpangan pendapatan yang cukup besar antara penduduk yang tinggal di perkotaan dan di pedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 588, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Akses Kesehatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 609, "width": 186, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1 Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 646, "width": 471, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh mengeluarkan kebijakan jaminanan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA) pada tahun 2010 yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan, mendorong kreatifitas, dan produktifitas masyarakat Aceh Program JKA menjembatani masyarakat Aceh untuk mengakses pelayanan kesehatan. JKA menghilangkan kendala biaya ketika masyarakat Aceh berobat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fasilitas kesehatan pemerintah tidak lagi memungut biaya administrasi maupun biaya pelayanan kesehatan, sejak program ini dilaksanakan (Bappeda, RPJM 2012-2017). Untuk jangka panjang Pemerintah Aceh perlu mengupayakan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan penyediaan bahan pokok yang murah sehingga meningkatkan gizi masyarakat, yang pada akhirnya akan membuat masyarakat lebih sehat dan kebal terhadap penyakit (Profil Kesehatan Aceh,2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 190, "width": 435, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2 Status Kesehatan, Pelayanan Kesehatan, Fasilitas Kesehatan, Sumberdaya Tenaga Kesehatan, dan Kondisi Kesehatan Lingkungan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 471, "height": 220, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambaran status kesehatan diuraikan berdasarkan pencapaian beberapa indikator seperti; umur harapan hidup, Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB), Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI), gizi balita dan ibu hamil, serta sebaran penyakit menular. Profil kesehatan tahun 2014 menunjukkan jumlah Rumah Sakit Umum di Aceh sebanyak 49 unit, Puskesmas sebanyak 312 unit dengan pembagian puskesmas rawat inap 138 unit dan puskesmas non rawat inap 174 unit. Secara rasio pembangunan puskesmas di Aceh telah mencukupi dimana seluruh kecamatan telah memiliki puskesmas dengan rasio setiap 100.000 penduduk. Selain fasilitas kesehatan tersebut diatas di Aceh telah tersedia Pos Kesehatan Desa (Poskesdes/Polindes) sejumlah 2.269 (35,16 persen), Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) sebanyak 7.150 unit, dan Puskesmas Pembantu (Pustu) sebanyak 852 unit. Pada tahun 2015 diharapkan pembangunan Poskesdes atau Polindes mencapai 50 persen (Profil Kesehatan Aceh) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 487, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan tenaga kesehatan di Aceh menyangkut jumlah, kualifikasi yang kurang memadai dan distribusi tenaga kesehatan yang tidak merata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 542, "width": 472, "height": 137, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menilai keadaan lingkungan sehat ada 4 (empat) indikator yaitu (1) persentase keluarga yang memiliki persediaan air minum sehat, (2) keluarga yang memiliki jamban sehat, (3) persentase keluarga yang mengelola sampah dan (4) keluarga yang mengelola air limbahnya dengan baik. Keadaan ini masih jauh dari yang diharapkan karena situasi lingkungan yang kurang sehat dan perilaku hidup sehat yang masih perlu mendapat perhatian serta kerusakan lingkungan akibat bencana yang demikian parah sehingga indikator keberhasilan program ini belum mencapai target.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 72, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Akses Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 471, "height": 116, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan urusan strategis yang masih menjadi kewenangan negara, namun karena keistimewaan dan kekhususan daerah, Pemerintah Aceh memiliki kewenangan untuk menyelenggarakan pendidikan sesuai dengan karakteristik, potensi, dan kebutuhan masyarakat Aceh, yaitu pendidikan yang Islami sebagaimana yang telah ditetapkan dalam Qanun Aceh Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan, yang kemudian direvisi menjadi Qanun No.5 Tahun 2008 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 245, "width": 256, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1 Pemerataan Dan Perluasan Akses Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 471, "height": 220, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketersediaan dan penyebaran lembaga pendidikan yang memadai dan merata merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam upaya peningkatan APK/APM. Sampai akhir Tahun 2014, di seluruh Aceh terdapat 1.235 unit TK/RA, 3.938 unit SD/MI/SDLB, 1072 unit SMP/MTs/SMPLB, dan 844 unit SMA/MA/SMALB/SMK (termasuk SMK Kecil dan Kelas Jauh). Pada jenjang SD/MI; 33,06 persen ruang kelas sekolah rusak sedang/ringan dan 24,08 persen rusak berat, pada tingkat SMP/MTs; 19,06 persen rusak sedang/ringan dan 17,19 persen rusak berat, dan pada tingkat SMA/MA; 14,85 persen rusak sedang/ringan dan 10,69 persen rusak berat. Selain pendidikan dasar dan menengah, pemerintah Aceh juga menaruh perhatian terhadap akses layanan pendidikan tinggi. Sampai akhir Tahun 2014, di Aceh telah berdiri 79 perguruan tinggi, yang terdiri dari; 11 unit Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (PTN) dan 68 unit Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (PTS) yang tersebar diseluruh wilayah Aceh (Profil Pendidikan Aceh).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 522, "width": 471, "height": 116, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh tidak hanya melakukan program penghapusan buta aksara latin, tetapi juga penghapusan buta aksara Al-Qur’an dengan indikator kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an dengan baik dan benar. Permasalahan pendidikan tidak hanya menyangkut penyediaan layanan pendidikan formal bagi peserta didik, tetapi juga pembekalan ilmu pengetahuan (knowledge) dan ketrampilan (life skills) bagi setiap anggota masyarakat melalui program Pendidikan Non Formal (PNF) (Profil Pendidikan Aceh).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 72, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Akses Modal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 114, "width": 281, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1 Bantuan Keuangan Peumakmu Gampong (BKPG)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 151, "width": 471, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Program BKPG ini disampaikan rancangan oleh Gubernur Aceh pada tanggal 13 Juli 2008. Program ini merupakan inisiatif pemerintah Aceh untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat Aceh melalui pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dana yang disediakan berjumlah Rp 100 juta per gampong yang pemanfaatannya dilakukan melalui proses perencanan secara mandiri oleh masyarakat. Pemerintah kabupaten/kota wajib mengalokasikan dana pendamping dalam bentuk ADG untuk program ini sebesar minimal Rp 50 juta per gampong. Program ini di maksudkan untuk pengurangan kemiskinan yang sangat besar di Aceh yang hampir 50% warga Aceh berada di bawah tingkat kemiskinan akibat konflik panjang yang berlangsung nyaris 30 tahun (Bappeda, Aceh 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kepala Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Aceh mengemukakan beberapa tantangan yang harus dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan program ini. Beliau mengatakan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 404, "width": 435, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "“Cakupan program ini cukup besar yaitu, 6379 desa, 276 kecamatan dan 23 kabupaten kota. Oleh karena itu, program ini tidak mungkin dilaksanakan apabila tidak adanya dukungan dari seluruh pihak yang terlibat – baik dari segi pelaksanaannya maupun pengontrolan penyaluran dana”. (Wawancara, desember 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 471, "height": 94, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh kembali mengalokasikan anggaran Rp 517 milliar Bantuan Keuangan Pemakmue Gampong (BKPG) di tahun 2014. Dana BKPG dialokasikan bagi kepada 6.464 gampong di 289 Kecamatan yang ada di 23 Kabupaten/Kota di Aceh. Jumlah tersebut meningkat bila dibandingkan pada tahun 2012 Rp 445 milliar dan Rp 452 milliar di tahun 2013 lalu. Total dana dari tahun 2008-2014 sebesar 2,50 triliun (Bappeda aceh,2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 619, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2 Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 653, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) merupakan salah satu indikator yang dapat menggambarkan kondisi umum perekonomian suatu wilayah, dan sekaligus memberikan gambaran aktivitas masyarakat dalam mencapai kesejahteraan. TPT diukur berdasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "persentase jumlah angkatan kerja yang tidak bekerja yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah kondisi sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi lingkungan, serta kondisi internal angkatan kerja itu sendiri. Jumlah angkatan kerja di Aceh pada tahun 2014 mencapai 1,897 juta orang mengalami penambahan sekitar 104 ribu orang dari kondisi 2008 yang hanya sebanyak 1,793 juta orang. Sedangkan jumlah penduduk yang bekerja pada tahun 2014 adalah sebanyak 1,732 juta orang atau bertambah sekitar 110 ribu orang dari tahun 2008 yang hanya sebanyak 1,622 juta orang (bps.acehprov.go.id).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 471, "height": 179, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peningkatan jumlah orang yang bekerja lebih besar dari peningkatan jumlah angkatan kerja yang terjadi pada tahun 2014 telah menyebabkan menurunnya TPT di Aceh. Kondisi yang yang sama, juga terjadi selama beberapa tahun sebelumnya, akibat semakin bertambahnya kesempatan kerja dan semakin luasnya lapangan usaha yang tercipta. Semakin kondusifnya keamanan daerah dan semakin baiknya kondisi berbagai sarana dan prasarana daerah, serta semakin terbukanya akses daerah terhadap dunia luar telah mendorong masyarakat untuk lebih berpartisipasi dalam akselerasi pembangunan Aceh. Hal ini ditandai dengan semakin banyaknya tumbuh unit-unit usaha kecil dan menengah baik oleh pelaku-pelaku ekonomi lokal maupun tumbuh melalui kemitraan dengan pengusaha-pengusaha luar daerah dan asing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 432, "width": 467, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel Perkembangan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Aceh Selama Periode 2006 – 2010", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 459, "width": 252, "height": 203, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahun Tingkat Pengangguran % 2008 10,43 2009 10,11 2010 9,90 2011 9,84 2012 9,56 2013 8,71 2014 8,60 Sumber: BPS Aceh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 199, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Akses dalam Pembuatan Kebijakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 107, "width": 205, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.1 Pembentukan Lembaga Tradisional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 142, "width": 135, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pemerintahan Mukim", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 471, "height": 179, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintahan mukim yang pernah berjaya sejak zaman kesultanan, zaman penjajahan dan diawal kemerdekaan. Kembali diakui sejak diberlakukan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi khusus bagi Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh sebagai Provinsi Aceh dan dipertegas dengan undang undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Bahwa dengan pemberlakuan Otonomi khusus di Provinsi Aceh, mukim sudah dikukuhkan kembali menjadi lembaga pemerintahan dalam sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah di Aceh. Mukim adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum di Aceh yang terdiri dari beberapa gampong yang mempunyai batas wilayah tertentu dan harta kekayaan sendiri, berkedudukan langsung dibawah Kecamatan/Sagoe Cut atau nama lain yang dipimpin oleh Imuem Mukim (Bappeda Aceh,2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 377, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintahan Gampong", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh diberikan kewenangan secara luas dan leluasa untuk menata sistem Pemerintahan Daerah sesuai dengan nilai-nilai luhur masyarakat Aceh sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Implementasi ketentuan dalam Undang-undang tersebut, sebelumnya telah ditetapkan Qanun (Perda) Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Nomor 5 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemerintahan Gampong. Oleh karena itu di Provinsi Aceh istilah lain dari Desa adalah Gampong. Gampong sebagai kesatuan masyarakat hukum memiliki hak dan kekuasaan dalam mengatur dan mengurus kepentingan masyarakat setempat terutama dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat memiliki peran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 563, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintahan mukim dan gampong yang diharapkan menjadi katalisator masyarakat dalam menyampaikan aspiranya belum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menyalurkan aspirasi masyarakat dalam hal, hal ini mengakibatkan program-program yang dilakukan dalam upaya mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan di gampong belum berjalan maksimal. Pengangguran dan kemiskinan masih berpusat di gampong, hal ini menggambarkan belum optimalnya peran mukim dan gampong yang merupakan garda terdepan dalam pelaksanaan program pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 471, "height": 96, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hampir satu dasawarsa implementasi otonomi khusus di Aceh, namun masih saja banyak masalah yang terjadi. Hal ini merupakan tantangan yang harus dipecahkan dan terus dicari jalan keluarnya agar otonomi khusus dapat terwujud seperti apa yang dicita-citakannya. Dari berbagai pustaka yang ditelaah, sebagian besar dari kajian–kajian tersebut mencoba mengatasi persoalan-persoalan tertentu secara spesifik. Misalnya terkait pembangunan ekonomi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 471, "height": 138, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembangunan ekonomi pasca diterapkan Otonomi Khusus belum memberikan dampak seperti yang diharapkan. Mengacu pada berbagai publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik Aceh, sejak tahun 2008 perekonomian Aceh tidak mengalami pertumbuhan yang baik. Jika mengacu pada PDRB Aceh harga berlaku terlihat bahwa sejak tahun 2008 perekonomian Aceh memang pengalami pertumbuhan. Namun jika bercermin kepada PDRB harga konstan terlihat bahwa perekonomian justru bergerak turun. Dengan kata lain inflasi yang terjadi tidak mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Aceh menjadi lebih produktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 383, "width": 471, "height": 96, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penduduk miskin lebih banyak berada di pedesaan dibandingkan wilayah perkotaan. Tahun 2008 jumlah penduduk miskin di pedesaan berjumlah 864.900 jiwa atau sekitar 79,81 persen dari total penduduk miskin dan di perkotaan hanya sebanyak 218.800 jiwa atau 20,19 persen. Proses penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin ternyata relatif tidak diikuti dengan perubahan komposisi sebaran penduduk miskin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 501, "width": 471, "height": 199, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hingga tahun 2014 persentase penduduk miskin pedesaaan relative stabil di kisaran 79 persen dan di perkotaan hanya pada kisaran 20 persen. Selama periode 2008-2014 kesenjangan rata-rata pengeluaran masing-masing penduduk miskin Aceh baik yang berada di perkotaan maupun di pedesaan terhadap garis kemiskinan semakin menurun. Namun demikian, walau memiliki garis kemiskinan yang lebih rendah, penduduk miskin di pedesaan relatif lebih miskin dibandingkan penduduk miskin di perkotaan. Hal ini kedalaman kemiskinan pedesaan di Aceh. Lebih lanjut, penyebaran pengeluaran penduduk miskin terhadap rata-ratanya di perkotaan juga lebih rendah daripada pedesaan. Dengan demikian tingkat kemiskinan di pedesaan lebih beragam dibandingkan perkotaan atau dengan kata lain tingkat keparahan kemiskinan di perdesaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan keparahan kemiskinan di perkotaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 104, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Askhalani, dkk, Korupsi di Negeri Syariat: Catatan Jaringan GeRAK Aceh , Aceh: GeRAK Aceh, 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 145, "width": 410, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Badrudin, Rudi, Ekonomika Otonomi Daerah , Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN. 2012.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 166, "width": 304, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Boediono, Perekonomian Indonesia , Yogyakarta: BPFE, 1999.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 471, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Departemen Keuangan RI, Usulan Formulasi Dana Alokasi Umum Tahun 2002 , Jakarta:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 207, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indonesia, 2001.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 228, "width": 447, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Djohan, D, Desentralisasi Asimetrik di Aceh, Jakarta Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, MIPI, 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 249, "width": 471, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Djojosoekarto (ed.), dkk, Grand Strategi Penataan Dsaerah 2025: Bunga Rampai Wacana ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 270, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jakarta: Kemitraan, 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 290, "width": 472, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hendra, Roy, Determinan Kemiskinan Absolut di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2005-2007, Tesis 2010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 332, "width": 447, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kaputra, dkk, Dampak Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia , Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor, 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 352, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Luthfi, A, Impact of Aceh’s Additional Budget From Special Autonomy Oil-Gas Revenue Sharing Fund to Poverty Reduction in Aceh , Aceh: ICAIOS’s Journal, 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 394, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Masyarah, Harry, dkk, Post-Tsunami Aid Effectiveness in Aceh: Proliferation and Coordination In Reconstruction, The Brookings Global Ekonomi and Developmen t Working Paper Series, Washington D.C.: Wolfensohn Center for Development and The Brookings Institute, 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 471, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mollet, Julius Ary, Special Autonomy and Poverty Reduction Programs in Papua: Does it Work ?,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 497, "width": 224, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Papua: Jurnal Universitas Cendrawasih, 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 518, "width": 471, "height": 54, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Puskapol, Fisip UI Mencari Model Hubungan Pusat Dan Daerah: Refleksi Otonomi Khusus Aceh, Papua, dan Yogyakarta . Working Paper. 23 February 2009 Draft. Pusat Kajian Politik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Skonieczny, G, dan Torrisi, B, The Influence of Regional Autonomist Government on the Teritory Environmental and Economics Performances, Journal of Enviromental Economics Volume II 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 642, "width": 450, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Todaro, Smith, Pembangunan Ekonomi Edisi Kesembilan , Pearson Education Limited, 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yosmardin, dkk, Politik Desentralisasi dan Desentralisasi Asimetris , Jakarta, Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, MIPI, 2006.", "type": "Text" } ]
948f691f-ff55-9247-abdb-82ecde58007f	http://ejournal.unikama.ac.id/index.php/JEKO/article/download/788/574	[ { "left": 99, "top": 687, "width": 325, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul Churiyah, adalah Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Malang Windi Wiradani, Pengurus Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 715, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "233", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 109, "width": 361, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG DIPERTIMBANGKAN MUZAKKI DALAM MENYALURKAN ZAKAT MELALUI YAYASAN AMAL SOSIAL ASH SHOHWAH MALANG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 232, "top": 180, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul Churiyah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 192, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 217, "width": 156, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Windi Wiradani E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 266, "width": 299, "height": 231, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor dan mengetahui faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini dilakukan pada muzakki Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang tahun 2011 yang terdiri dari 100 orang. Teknik analisis yang dipakai adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis faktor eksploratori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memutuskan untuk menyalurkan zakat dengan mempertimbangkan ketiga puluh indikator dalam penelitian ini. Terbentuk 8 faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan muzakki yaitu faktor pelayanan, tempat, orang, distribusi, proses, motivasi, daya tanggap, dan atmosfer. Faktor orang merupakan faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat. Diharapkan manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang dapat meningkatkan kehandalan pegawai, menjaga pelayanan yang baik kepada muzakki, memaksimalkan ragam program dan mempromosikannya lebih gencar serta berupaya untuk mengembangkan lembaga agar wilayah jangkauan penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat menjadi semakin luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 512, "width": 257, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : zakat, perilaku konsumen, keputusan berzakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 550, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 574, "width": 361, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perkembangan ekonomi syariah di tanah air menunjukkan indikasi yang menggembirakan dengan ditandai semakin tingginya kesadaran masyarakat tentang perlunya melaksanakan kegiatan ekonomi sesuai dengan syariah termasuk dalam perilaku memberi ( giving behavior ) atau filantropi (kedermawanan). Pasca pemberlakuan UU Nomor 38/1999 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat, eksistensi institusi zakat, baik yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah maupun yang lahir dari inisiatif masyarakat menjadi semakin penting dan strategis. Zakat oleh Qardhawi (1999) didefinisikan sebagai sejumlah harta tertentu yang diwajibkan Allah dan diserahkan kepada orang-orang yang berhak di samping berarti mengeluarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 234", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "jumlah tertentu itu sendiri. Terdapat delapan asnaf penerima zakat (mustahik) yang tertulis dalam Al Qur’an surah At Taubah ayat 60, yaitu orang-orang fakir, orang miskin, amil zakat, yang dilunakkan hatinya (mualaf), hamba sahaya, orang yang berhutang, untuk jalan Allah dan orang yang sedang dalam perjalanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 157, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada perkembangannya, pengamalan zakat tidak hanya memenuhi kewajiban semata, tetapi mengarah kepada perkembangan perekonomian Islam. Islam menghadirkan lembaga amil zakat (LAZ) yang berfungsi mengumpulkan dan mendistribusikan zakat kepada yang berhak, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Secara nasional, dana ZISWAF yang berhasil dikumpulkan oleh LAZ meningkat dari 56 miliar rupiah pada tahun 2002 menjadi sekitar 220 miliar rupiah pada tahun 2007. Berarti, secara rata-rata telah terjadi peningkatan sebesar 37% per tahun pada periode 2002-2007 (Mintarti dkk, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 256, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Loudon dan Bitta dalam Simamora (2002) mendefinisikan perilaku konsumen adalah proses pengambilan keputusan yang mensyaratkan aktifitas individu untuk mengevaluasi, memperoleh, menggunakan, atau mengatur barang dan jasa. Perilaku konsumen merupakan faktor penting untuk mengindikasikan proses pembuatan keputusan dalam pembelian produk. Kotler (2001) menjelaskan bahwa keputusan pembelian konsumen juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor produsen melalui rangsangan pemasaran. (Lupiyoadi dan Hamdani, 2008) menjelaskan bauran pemasaran jasa mencakup 7P: product (meliputi merek dan diferensiasi serta bukti fisik), price , place (meliputi lokasi dan saluran distribusi), promotion , people , process, dan customer service .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 379, "width": 359, "height": 207, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sampai saat ini, belum ada teori yang secara khusus menjelaskan tentang faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat di sebuah lembaga amil zakat. Hamidiyah (2005) menyatakan hasil penelitiannya bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengumpulan ZISWK pada lembaga pengelola zakat di Jakarta, khususnya di Dompet Dhuafa Republika, yakni 75,8% dijelaskan oleh biaya promosi, jumlah jaringan, regulasi serta momen bulan Ramadhan dan Dzulhijjah. Lain halnya dengan penelitian Dahlan (2008) yang menyatakan bahwa faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi intensitas muzakki menunaikan zakat ke Baitul Maal Masjid An Nur adalah faktor buku tabungan akherat, intensitas kehadiran responden dalam majelis taklim, dan kinerja amil zakat. Sedangkan Ayuniyyah (2011) menemukan enam faktor penting dan memberi kepuasan pada muzaki, yaitu pengeluaran zakat yang sama, informasi yang baik dari pegawai, pegawai yang profesional, proses pengumpulan zakat yang mudah, distribusi zakat, dan sertifikat pemerintah. Dua faktor yang menjadi perhatian lebih adalah faktor daya tarik dari promosi program dan kemampuan dari promosi program untuk memicu keingintahuan muzaki untuk belajar tentang zakat melalui lembaga zakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 588, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yang dijadikan objek penelitian ini merupakan salah satu dari 16 lembaga amil zakat yang tergabung dalam forum sinergi organisasi pengelola zakat se-Malang Raya (Radar Malang, 2011). Lembaga ini berdiri sejak tahun 1994 dan pada 25 Juli 2000 telah membuat akta notaris serta kelengkapannya sebagai Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ). Dalam laporan keuangannya tahun 2011, lembaga ini mampu menghimpun dana ZISWAF sebesar 1,7 miliar rupiah. Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui bahwa Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah sangat potensial dalam menghimpun dana zakat dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 235", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "masyarakat kota Malang dan berpotensi untuk bisa menjaring muzakki lebih banyak lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 136, "width": 361, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi muzakki, mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki, dan mengetahui faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 210, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 234, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif karena penelitian ini menggambarkan, mencatat, menganalisis, serta menginterpretasikan data dari faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki dan secara umum data tersaji dalam bentuk angka-angka yang dihitung dengan uji statistik. Lokasi penelitian adalah Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yang terletak di Jl. Papa Kuning III No. 3 Malang. Populasinya adalah muzakki yayasan tahun 2011 sejumlah 1.555 orang. Dengan teknik proportional stratified random sampling , yaitu cara pengambilan sampel dari anggota populasi yang memiliki strata (Arikunto, 2006) diperoleh sampel 94 responden, yang selanjutnya digenapkan menjadi 100 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 357, "width": 361, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner tertutup yang di dalamnya terdapat 30 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh informasi dari responden yang sudah memenuhi uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis faktor eksploratori. Berdasarkan hubungan antar variabel secara teoritis, dapat dibuat rancangan eksploratori dalam bentuk gambar sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 638, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Rancangan Eksploratori", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 670, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 684, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X 1-3 = variabel yang membentuk faktor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 465, "width": 193, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e 1 F 1 X 2 e 2 e 3 e n F n X 1 X 3 X n", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 236", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 358, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X n = variabel ke-n F 1 = faktor yang mungkin dapat dibentuk F n = faktor ke-n e 1-3 = sisa varians yang tak terjelaskan oleh variabel laten yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan pengukuran, alat ukur, dan pemilihan sampel e n = sisa varians ke-n", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 214, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 138, "top": 238, "width": 361, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua indikator dalam penelitian ini yang terdiri dari 30 indikator, yaitu 1) pelayanan lembaga yang cepat, 2) pelayanan lembaga yang mudah, 3) pelayanan lembaga sesuai harapan, 4) pelayanan lembaga konsisten ke semua muzakki, 5) pengelolaan lembaga yang profesional, 6) program lembaga yang beragam, 7) daerah distribusi zakat yang luas, 8) transparansi pengelolaan program yang baik, 9) transparansi laporan keuangan yang jelas, 10) adanya layanan jemput zakat, 11) kemudahan transaksi zakat melalui rekening, 12) ketersediaan informasi yang lengkap bagi muzakki, 13) perhatian lembaga secara personal dengan muzakki, 14) nama lembaga yang terpercaya, 15) nama lembaga yang terkenal, 16) lokasi mudah dijangkau, 17) lokasi strategis, 18) fasilitas lembaga yang memadai, 19) rahasia muzakki terjamin, 20) banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga, 21) promosi yang dilakukan lembaga, 22) suasana kantor yang nyaman, 23) suasana kantor yang islami, 24) dorongan keluarga, 25) dorongan teman, 26) tanggapan kritik, 27) tanggapan saran, 28) pegawai yang handal, 29) pegawai yang ramah, 30) pegawai yang sopan, disetujui dan dipersepsi dengan cukup baik oleh muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 459, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Distribusi frekuensi dari seluruh indikator tersebut bisa dilihat pada Tabel 1 di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 497, "width": 294, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Distribusi Frekuensi Seluruh Indikator No. Interval Kriteria Frekuensi % f 1. 82 – 94 Tidak setuju 8 8 2. 95 – 107 Kurang setuju 27 27 3. 108 – 120 Cukup setuju 39 39 4. 121 – 133 Setuju 16 16 5. 134 – 146 Sangat setuju 10 10 Jumlah 100 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 614, "width": 361, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1 di atas menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden menjawab cukup setuju artinya sebagian besar responden menyatakan cukup setuju keputusan berzakatnya mempertimbangkan ketiga puluh indikator dalam penelitian ini. Dengan kata lain, semua indikator dalam penelitian ini disetujui dan dipersepsi dengan cukup baik oleh responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 237", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuk delapan faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, seperti tampak pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 161, "width": 409, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Rotasi Indikator No . Indikator Faktor Eigen Value Muatan Faktor Persentas e Varians Kumulati f 1. Pelayanan yang cepat (X1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 253, "top": 275, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelayanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 320, "top": 220, "width": 135, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "11.156 .717 37.187", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 108, "top": 239, "width": 403, "height": 175, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "37.187 Pelayanan yang mudah (X2) .874 Pelayanan sesuai harapan (X3) .755 Pelayanan yang konsisten (X4) .672 Pelayanan yang profesional (X5) .596 Ketersediaan informasi (X12) .463 2. Nama lembaga yang terpercaya (X14)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 259, "top": 404, "width": 35, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tempat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 373, "width": 130, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.659 .401 8.865", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 108, "top": 393, "width": 403, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "46.052 Nama lembaga yang terkenal (X15) .630 Lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau (X16) .848 Lokasi lembaga yang strategis (X17) .871 Fasilitas lembaga yang memadai (X18) .550 3. Rahasia sebagai muzakki terjamin (X19)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 262, "top": 545, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Orang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 501, "width": 130, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1.870 .460 6.232", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 108, "top": 521, "width": 403, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "52.284 Pegawainya yang handal (X28) .482 Pegawainya yang ramah (X29) .933 Pegawainya yang sopan (X30) .935 4.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 598, "width": 326, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Program lembaga yang beragam (X6) Distribusi 1.773 .691 5.909", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 130, "top": 623, "width": 381, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "58.193 Daerah distribusi zakat yang luas (X7) .805 Adanya layanan jemput zakat (X10) .476 Perhatian lembaga secara .335", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 156, "top": 86, "width": 205, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "238", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 109, "width": 402, "height": 280, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "personal (X13) Banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga (X20) .546 5. Transparansi pengelolaan program baik (X8) Proses 1.255 .774 4.183 62.376 Transparansi laporan keuangan jelas (X9) .738 Promosi lembaga (X21) .546 6. Dorongan keluarga (X24) Motivasi 1.165 .796 3.884 66.260 Dorongan teman (X25) .846 7. Kemudahan transaksi lewat rekening (X11) Daya Tanggap 1.107 .463 3.690 69.950 Adanya tanggapan kritik (X26) .753 Adanya tanggapan saran (X27) .781 8. Suasana kantor yang nyaman (X22) Atmosfer 1.032 .712 3.439 73.388 Suasana kantor yang Islami (X23) .615", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 406, "width": 361, "height": 145, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor pertama adalah faktor pelayanan dengan eigenvalue sebesar 11,156 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 37,187% yang terdiri dari enam indikator, yaitu pelayanan lembaga yang cepat (0,717), pelayanan lembaga yang mudah (0,874), pelayanan lembaga sesuai harapan (0,755), pelayanan lembaga yang konsisten (0,672), pengelolaan lembaga yang profesional (0,596), dan ketersediaan informasi yang lengkap (0,463). Teori yang dikemukakan oleh Kotler (1998:476) menjelaskan bahwa “pelayanan adalah setiap tindakan atau unjuk kerja yang ditawarkan oleh salah satu pihak kepada pihak lain yang secara prinsip intangible dan tidak menyebabkan perpindahan kepemilikan apapun. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada empat indikator bermuatan faktor besar yang merupakan bagian dari pelayanan yakni pelayanan lembaga yang cepat, pelayanan lembaga yang mudah, pelayanan lembaga sesuai harapan, dan pelayanan lembaga yang konsisten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 553, "width": 361, "height": 133, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam dunia pemasaran baik barang maupun jasa, pelayanan sangatlah memegang peranan penting dalam meraih kepuasan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan sesuai dengan keinginan mereka menjadi hal yang prioritas bagi para pemilik usaha. Keunggulan pelayanan Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yakni mempunyai aturan yang tertuang dalam SOP lembaga dalam melayani semua muzakkinya. Kecepatan pegawai ketika menyambut muzakki yang datang ke kantor maupun yang minta dijemput zakatnya, pelayanan yang mudah dengan tidak adanya syarat apapun untuk menjadi muzakki lembaga ini, pegawai yang mampu melayani muzakki sesuai dengan harapan mereka dalam hal pengalokasian zakat, pengelolaan lembaga secara profesional yang dapat terlihat dari terstandarnya prosedur pelaksanaan program-program lembaga dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 239", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kinerja lainnya yang sesuai dengan kode etik lembaga zakat, dan ketersediaan informasi yang jelas dan menyeluruh terkait program lembaga maupun hal-hal tentang perzakatan merupakan kunci pokok yang harus dilakukan pegawai demi kepuasan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui lembaga ini. Penelitian ini mendukung penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nurmanita dan Sugiharto (2006) dengan hasil bahwa faktor pelayanan dan keamanan menjadi pertimbangan utama nasabah pada saat memilih BTN Syariah dengan kontribusi sebesar 35,779%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 197, "width": 362, "height": 133, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor kedua adalah faktor tempat dengan eigenvalue sebesar 2,659 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 8,865%, terdiri dari lima indikator, yaitu nama lembaganya yang terpercaya (0,401), nama lembaganya yang terkenal (0,630), lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau (0,848), lokasi lembaga yang strategis (0,871), dan fasilitas lembaga yang memadai (0,550). Kotler (2001) berpendapat bahwa rangsangan pemasaran dapat mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Faktor tempat merupakan salah satu elemen dari bauran pemasaran jasa sehingga faktor ini turut memberikan pengaruh pada keputusan pembelian konsumen. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada dua indikator yang nilai muatan faktornya tinggi dan merupakan bagian dari tempat, yakni lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau dan lokasi lembaga yang strategis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 333, "width": 361, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam persaingan pemasaran yang ketat seperti sekarang ini, penentuan tempat mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup signifikan. Sebab dengan penentuan tempat yang tepat maka target pencapaian lembaga akan dapat diraih. Di sisi lain, tempat yang tepat menjadi tujuan tersendiri dari suatu lembaga seperti pernyataan Al Arif (2010:131) bahwa tujuan penentuan lokasi dan ruangan adalah untuk mendukung keunggulan sumber daya manusia serta sistem yang dimiliki oleh lembaga. Terkait dengan tempat beroperasinya Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, lembaga ini mempunyai lokasi yang cukup strategis dan mudah dijangkau. Lembaga ini berada di daerah perumahan yang letaknya dekat dengan tengah kota sehingga transportasi yang digunakan untuk mencapai kantor tidak sulit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 455, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor ketiga adalah faktor orang dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,870 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 6,232%, terdiri dari empat indikator, yaitu rahasia muzakki terjamin (0,460), pegawai yang handal (0,482), pegawai yang ramah (0,933), dan pegawai yang sopan (0,935). Kotler (2001) menjelaskan bahwa rangsangan pemasaran dapat mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Faktor orang merupakan salah satu elemen dari bauran pemasaran jasa sehingga faktor ini turut memberikan pengaruh pada keputusan pembelian konsumen. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada tiga indikator yang merupakan bagian dari salah satu bauran pemasaran jasa yakni orang, meliputi pegawai yang handal, pegawai yang ramah, dan pegawai yang sopan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 579, "width": 362, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada sebagian besar perusahaan jasa, karyawan perusahaan ( people ) merupakan elemen vital dalam bauran pemasaran. Arief (2007:98) berpendapat, dalam hubungannya dengan pemasaran jasa, people yang berfungsi sebagai service provider sangat mempengaruhi kualitas jasa yang diberikan. Dengan demikian, maka dapat mendorong people dalam kinerja memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen. Dalam hubungannya dengan Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, pegawai yang handal yakni tugas masing-masing posisi dipegang oleh pegawai lembaga yang sesuai dengan keahliannya dan mampu menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik, pegawai yang ramah ditandai dengan perkataan pegawai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 240", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "yang lemah lembut dan selalu senyum di saat melayani muzakki. Pegawai yang sopan terlihat dari tingkah laku pegawai yang santun di saat melayani muzakki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 133, "width": 361, "height": 206, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam Islam, kewajiban dan penunaian hak sesama muslim sangatlah diperhatikan. Dengan demikian, sudah sepantasnya jika para pegawai di lembaga zakat berkelakuan sesuai dengan tuntunan agama. Selain itu, dalam hal strategi bauran pemasaran ( marketing mix ), lembaga pengelola zakat harus mampu memastikan bahwa pegawainya ( people ) amanah dalam bekerja. Faktor keempat adalah faktor distribusi dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,773 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 5,909% yang terdiri dari lima indikator, yaitu program lembaga yang beragam (0,691), daerah distribusi zakat yang luas (0,805), adanya layanan jemput zakat (0,476), perhatian lembaga secara personal (0,335), dan banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga (0,546). Tjiptono (1997:185) menjelaskan “pendistribusian sebagai kegiatan pemasaran yang berusaha memperlancar dan mempermudah penyampaian barang dan jasa dari produsen kepada konsumen, sehingga penggunaannya sesuai dengan yang diperlukan (jenis, jumlah, harga, tempat dan saat dibutuhkan)”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada indikator yang memiliki nilai muatan faktor tertinggi yakni daerah distribusi zakat yang luas. Besarnya nilai muatan faktor ini mengindikasikan bahwa daerah distribusi zakat yang luas memiliki korelasi yang paling erat dengan faktor distribusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 342, "width": 361, "height": 145, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daerah distribusi zakat yang luas oleh Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pertimbangan keputusan berzakat muzakki. Hal ini wajar mengingat jangkauan penyaluran zakat lembaga yang hampir merata khususnya di wilayah kota dan kabupaten Malang serta daerah- daerah lain yang mempunyai jaringan dengannya. Dalam perkembangannya, kini pendistribusian zakat tidak hanya diarahkan pada pola konsumsif saja, akan tetapi juga diarahkan pada pola yang produktif, misalnya bantuan pinjaman modal usaha dan pembelanjaan sarana usaha, pelatihan kewirausahaan dan manajemen usaha, dan bantuan pengembangan jaringan usaha. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ayuniyyah (2011) dengan hasil bahwa faktor distribusi zakat merupakan salah satu dari enam faktor penting dan yang memberi kepuasan pada muzakki lembaga zakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 490, "width": 361, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor kelima adalah faktor proses dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,255 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 4,183%, terdiri dari tiga indikator, yaitu transparansi pengelolaan programnya baik (0,774), transparansi laporan keuangannya jelas (0,738), dan promosi yang dilakukan lembaga (0,546). Shostack (dalam Payne, 2000:212) menyatakan “proses merupakan unsur yang dapat dikelola untuk membantu perusahaan guna mencapai posisi yang diharapkan”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan dua indikator yang merupakan bagian dari bauran pemasaran jasa yakni proses, meliputi transparansi pengelolaan programnya baik dan transparansi laporan keuangannya jelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 600, "width": 361, "height": 84, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada industri jasa, proses produksi sering kali lebih penting daripada hasilnya karena terjadi interaksi langsung antara produsen yang melakukan proses produksi dengan konsumen yang mengonsumsi jasa, sehingga berjalannya proses ini dapat digunakan konsumen sebagai bukti untuk menilai kualitas suatu jasa yakni ketika merasakan proses dalam operasi jasa tersebut. Terkait dengan kinerja dari Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, proses transparansi pengelolaan programnya yang baik terlihat dari lengkapnya laporan kegiatan dari setiap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 241", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "program yang telah terlaksana sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban penggunaan dana zakat kepada muzakki. Selain itu, transparansi laporan keuangannya yang jelas terlihat dari rutinnya laporan pemasukan dan pengeluaran keuangan yang tercantum dalam majalah bulanan yayasan sebagai bentuk pelaporan dana zakat kepada muzakki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 172, "width": 361, "height": 146, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kinerja dan kapasitas Organisasi Pengelola Zakat (OPZ) yang terukur akan dapat tercapai dengan adanya kerjasama yang baik antara staf dan manajemen dalam upaya memperkuat kelembagaan demi kesuksesan implementasi seluruh program yang telah direncanakan. Dalam membangun kapasitas tersebut juga diperlukan akuntabilitas dalam hal keuangan. Dengan banyaknya dana yang diterima dari muzakki, laporan pertanggungjawaban harus semakin akuntabel dan transparan. Dengan demikian, muzakki akan lebih loyal dan percaya bahwa lembaga tersebut mampu menjalankan amanah sebagai amil dengan baik dan profesional. Temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitian Ayuniyyah (2011) yang memperoleh hasil bahwa faktor proses pengumpulan zakat yang mudah merupakan salah satu dari enam faktor penting dan yang memberi kepuasan pada muzaki lembaga zakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 320, "width": 362, "height": 84, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor keenam adalah faktor motivasi dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,165 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 3,884%, terdiri dari dua indikator, yaitu dorongan keluarga (0,796) dan dorongan teman (0,846). Menurut Kotler (2001:215), “motivasi adalah kebutuhan yang mendorong seseorang secara kuat untuk mencari kepuasan atas kebutuhan tersebut”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada kedua indikator yang semuanya merupakan pemicu motivasi seseorang yakni dorongan keluarga dan dorongan teman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 406, "width": 361, "height": 146, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kedua indikator dalam faktor motivasi ini merupakan sarana mengajak yang efektif sehingga mampu memotivasi muzakki untuk menggunakan jasa penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat yang ditawarkan oleh Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah. Dorongan keluarga tercermin dari ajakan anggota keluarga yang sudah berzakat melalui lembaga ini kemudian percaya dan merasa puas sehingga ia merekomendasikan kepada anggota keluarganya yang lain. Sedangkan dorongan teman yakni ajakan teman kantor, teman kuliah, tetangga, maupun teman di lingkungan lain yang sudah berzakat melalui lembaga ini kemudian percaya dan merasa puas sehingga ia merekomendasikan kepada teman-temannya yang lain. Penelitian ini mendukung penelitian Tameme dan Asutay yang diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor motivasi pihak ketiga merupakan salah satu dari faktor yang dipertimbangkan masyarakat tertarik pada pegadaian islami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 554, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor ketujuh adalah faktor daya tanggap dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,107 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 3,690% yang terdiri dari tiga indikator, yaitu kemudahan transaksi zakat melalui rekening (0,463), adanya tanggapan kritik (0,753), dan adanya tanggapan saran (0,781). Menurut Al Arif (2010:204) “sistem keluhan dan saran digunakan untuk mengukur kepuasan konsumen. Informasi ini dapat memungkinkan perusahaan mengantisipasi dan cepat tanggap terhadap kritik dan saran tersebut, konsumen akan menilai kecepatan dan ketanggapan perusahaan dalam menangani kritik dan saran yang diberikan”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan adanya dua indikator yang merupakan bagian dari daya tanggap yakni adanya tanggapan kritik dan adanya tanggapan saran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 242", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 133, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketanggapan dalam pemberian layanan jasa sangat mempengaruhi persepsi pelanggan dalam membentuk citra suatu perusahaan. Ketika pelanggan mendapati keluhannya ditanggapi dengan cepat dan serius, maka ia akan menilai baik perusahaan tersebut. Sebaliknya, ketika tidak ditanggapi sebagaimana mestinya, maka pelanggan tersebut menilai buruk perusahaan dan dapat dipastikan ia akan beralih kepada yang lain. Dalam salah satu studi mengenai SERVQUAL oleh Parasuraman (1988:23), daya tanggap merupakan salah satu dimensi yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan. Dalam hubungannya dengan Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, adanya tanggapan kritik dan saran tercermin dari cepat tanggapnya pegawai dalam menangani kritik dan saran yang diberikan dari muzakki baik langsung maupun melalui telepon demi kebaikan lembaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 243, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor kedelapan adalah faktor atmosfer dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,032 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 3,439%, terdiri dari dua indikator, yaitu suasana kantor yang nyaman (0,712) dan suasana kantor yang islami (0,615). Utami (2008:239) menyatakan “penciptaan suasana ( atmospherics ) berarti desain lingkungan melalui komunikasi visual, pencahayaan, warna, musik, dan wangi- wangian untuk merancang respon emosional dan persepsi pelanggan dan untuk mempengaruhi pelanggan dalam membeli barang”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada kedua indikator yang merupakan bagian dari faktor atmosfer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 342, "width": 361, "height": 158, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam keputusan pembelian konsumen, seringkali atmosfer menjadi salah satu faktor penguat bagi penjual untuk mengikat hati konsumen agar berlama-lama berada di tempatnya sehingga dapat memungkinkan konsumen melakukan pembelian lebih dari yang dibutuhkan. Seperti halnya pendapat Mowen & Minor (2002:139) bahwa atmosfer (suasana) mempengaruhi sejauh mana konsumen menghabiskan uang di luar tingkat yang direncanakan. Suasana kantor Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yang nyaman terlihat dari desain kantor yang bagus, teratur rapi dan enak dipandang serta tidak bising oleh suara-suara yang mengganggu sehingga membuat betah muzakki untuk berlama-lama berada di sana. Selain itu, suasana islami terlihat dari pegawai yang semuanya berpakaian rapi menutup aurat, tata ruang yang baik sehingga tidak bercampur baur antara laki-laki dan perempuan, alunan nasyid islami menyertai, serta hiasan kantor yang serasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 502, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lembaga amil zakat selain berperan sebagai lembaga pengumpul dan mendistribusikan dana zakat dari masyarakat muslim, ia juga berfungsi sebagai syiar Islam. Lingkungan suatu lembaga islami secara tidak langsung akan mencerminkan bagaimana Islam itu sendiri. Oleh karenanya, setiap lembaga amil zakat perlu untuk menciptakan kondisi dan suasana lingkungan kantor yang sesuai dengan syariat demi citra baik Islam di mata masyarakat. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Gerrard dan Cunningham (1997) dengan hasil bahwa faktor suasana merupakan faktor utama yang dipertimbangkan masyarakat muslim dan non-muslim dalam memilih bank Islam dengan kontribusi sebesar 21,8% masyarakat muslim dan 29,1% non-muslim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 625, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uraian dari faktor-faktor yang terbentuk jika digambarkan akan tampak seperti Gambar 2 berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 243", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 463, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Faktor Pelayanan Pelayanan yang cepat (0,717) Pelayanan yang mudah (0,874) Pelayanan sesuai harapan (0,755) Pelayanan yang konsisten (0,672) Pelayanan yang profesional (0,596) Ketersediaan informasi (0,463) 2. Faktor Tempat Nama lembaga yang terpercaya (0,401) Nama lembaga yang terkenal (0,630) Lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau (0,848) Lokasi lembaga yang strategis (0,871) Fasilitas lembaga yang memadai (0,550) 3. Faktor Orang Rahasia sebagai muzakki terjamin (0,460) Pegawainya yang handal (0,482) Pegawainya yang ramah (0,933) Pegawainya yang sopan (0,935) 4. Faktor Distribusi Program lembaga yang beragam (0,691) Daerah distribusi zakat yang luas (0,805) Adanya layanan jemput zakat (0,476) Perhatian lembaga secara personal (0,335) Banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga (0,546) 5. Faktor Proses Transparansi pengelolaan program baik (0,774) Transparansi laporan keuangan jelas (0,738) Promosi lembaga (0,546) 6. Faktor Motivasi Dorongan keluarga (0,796) Dorongan teman (0,846) 7. Faktor Daya Tanggap Kemudahan transaksi zakat lewat rekening (0,463) Adanya tanggapan kritik (0,753) Adanya tanggapan saran (0,781) 8. Faktor Atmosfer Suasana kantor yang nyaman (0,712) Suasana kantor yang Islami (0,615)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 589, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2. Faktor yang Terbentuk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 613, "width": 361, "height": 72, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor orang merupakan faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan oleh responden dibandingkan dengan ketujuh faktor lainnya. Penentuan faktor yang dominan didasarkan pada nilai rata-rata dari muatan faktor pada tiap-tiap faktor (Parasuraman et al , 1988). Melalui perbandingan nilai rata-rata muatan faktor dari indikator pada tiap-tiap faktor, maka faktor orang dipilih menjadi faktor yang dominan dalam pertimbangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 244", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 145, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keputusan berzakat muzakki karena faktor ini memiliki nilai rata-rata muatan faktor tertinggi dibanding ketujuh faktor lainnya yakni sebesar 0,935. Dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,870 faktor orang memberikan kontribusi sebesar 6,232% dari pertimbangan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang. Dengan kata lain, faktor ini mampu menjelaskan keragaman keputusan pembelian konsumen sebesar 1,870 dari keragaman total sebesar 30 atau sebesar 6,232% dari keragaman total. Indikator yang terdapat dalam faktor ini yakni pegawainya yang sopan yang memiliki nilai muatan faktor sebesar 0,935. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa korelasi antara indikator pegawainya yang sopan dengan faktor orang tergolong kuat. Besarnya kontribusi dari faktor ini perlu menjadi perhatian lebih dari pihak manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang maupun para pelaku usaha lainnya di bidang jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 256, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebagai lembaga penyedia jasa, pihak manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah perlu menyadari peran penting yang dilakukan oleh para pegawainya dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada para muzakki. Muzakki akan merasa puas dan memiliki pandangan yang positif apabila para pegawai Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah mampu memberikan pelayanan dengan sikap yang baik dan sopan dalam penyampaian jasa mereka. Bidang jasa penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat terkait dengan keyakinan muzakki terhadap kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh para pegawai penyedia jasanya, apabila muzakki sudah merasa yakin dengan pegawai penyedia jasa, maka besar kemungkinan akan memutuskan untuk menggunakan jasa tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 379, "width": 361, "height": 170, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akan tetapi, bekal kesopanan pegawai saja belumlah cukup untuk menjadikan muzakki loyal terhadap suatu lembaga zakat. Kehandalan pegawai juga turut berperan dalam menumbuhkan kepercayaan muzakki terhadap reputasi lembaga. Arief (2007:98) dalam hubungannya dengan pemasaran jasa, “ people yang berfungsi sebagai service provider sangat mempengaruhi kualitas jasa yang diberikan. Keputusan dalam people ini sangat berarti sehubungan dengan seleksi, training , motivasi, dan manajemen sumber daya manusia. Tujuan adanya hubungan tersebut adalah untuk mendorong people dalam kinerja memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen”. Dengan kata lain, sikap baik yang dimiliki oleh seseorang, dalam hal ini pegawai lembaga zakat, belumlah cukup jika tidak ditunjang dengan kehandalannya dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Karena pegawai yang melayani langsung muzakki, maka mereka harus bisa tampil meyakinkan dan memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pengambilan keputusan muzakki untuk berzakat di lembaganya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 551, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut klasifikasi hubungan dan pengaruh orang terhadap konsumen yang dikemukakan oleh Lupiyoadi dan Hamdani (2008:75), dalam bidang jasa lembaga zakat, peran pegawai terhadap muzakkinya adalah contractors. Makna contractors dalam hal ini adalah orang yang berinteraksi langsung dengan konsumen dalam frekuensi yang cukup sering dan sangat mempengaruhi keputusan konsumen untuk membeli. Jadi, hal ini menjadi alasan penguat dari besarnya kontribusi faktor orang dalam pertimbangan keputusan berzakat muzakki melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 245", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 124, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 148, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Melalui teknik analisis statistik deskriptif, diperoleh hasil sebagian besar responden menyatakan cukup setuju keputusan berzakatnya mempertimbangkan semua indikator dalam penelitian ini. Melalui teknik analisis faktor, diperoleh delapan faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, yaitu faktor pelayanan, tempat, orang, distribusi, proses, motivasi, daya tanggap, dan atmosfer. Dari delapan faktor yang terbentuk, faktor orang merupakan faktor yang dominan dengan nilai rata-rata muatan faktor sebesar 0,935.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 246, "width": 362, "height": 146, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Saran bagi manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang perlu meningkatkan kehandalan pegawai misalnya dengan mengadakan pelatihan ( training ), menjaga pelayanan yang baik kepada muzakki dengan cara menyenangkan muzakki disertai kemudahan-kemudahan dan berupaya untuk memenuhi segala kebutuhan mereka, ragam program lembaga juga perlu dimaksimalkan dan dipromosikan lebih gencar misalnya melalui media televisi dan radio, berupaya untuk mengembangkan lembaga agar wilayah jangkauan penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat menjadi semakin luas. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan penelitian dengan metode dan analisis yang sama di lembaga zakat lainnya atau melanjutkan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis yang berbeda misalnya meneliti delapan faktor hasil penelitian ini terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 419, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 443, "width": 283, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Al Qur’an dan Terjemahnya . Bandung: PT Syaamil Cipta Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 461, "width": 362, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Al Arif, M.N.R. 2010. Dasar-dasar Pemasaran Bank Syariah . 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893259a0-dc83-4d41-2d84-266c06417883	https://japendi.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/japendi/article/download/2414/1190	[ { "left": 337, "top": 42, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 56, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2745-7141 e-ISSN : 2746-1920", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 331, "top": 56, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 787, "width": 154, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.59141/japendi.v4i11.2414", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 787, "width": 25, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1263", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 410, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivitas E-Book Interaktif pada Topik Pemanasan Global untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Tingkat SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 127, "width": 290, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah 1 , Dadi Rusdiana 2 , Hera Novia 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 140, "width": 305, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia 1,2,3 [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 INFO ARTIKEL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 171, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 196, "width": 120, "height": 306, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : E-Book Interaktif; Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis; Pemanasan Global Keywords: Interactive E- Book; critical thinking skills; Global Warming", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 196, "width": 291, "height": 237, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian terhadap efektivitas e-book interaktif untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis perlu dilakukan sebagai bagian dari penelitian pengembangan e-book interaktif secara utuh. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kebutuhkan sumber belajar yang terintegrasi dengan program belajar mandiri yang dapat melatihkan peserta didik untuk berpikir kritis. Sebagaimana keterampilan abad ke-21 yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik yang dipersiapkan untuk menjadi decisions maker ber-literasi sains di masa depan. Analisis efektivitas e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan dilakukan melalui implementasi dengan control group pre-test post-test design yang melibatkan 32 peserta didik. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model penelitian dan pengembangan ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Hasil implementasi menunjukkan rata-rata ukuran peningkatan pada kontrol sebesar 0,40, sedangkan rata-rata ukuran peningkatan kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,53. Ukuran kekuatan dampak penggunaan e-book interaktif dibandingkan dengan penggunaan modul ditunjukkan oleh nilai effect size sebesar 0,73 yang berada pada kategori cukup berdampak.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 448, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 461, "width": 291, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research on the effectiveness of interactive e-books to practice critical thinking skills needs to be carried out as part of research into the development of interactive e-books as a whole. This research is motivated by the need for learning resources that are integrated with independent learning programs that can train students to think critically. As 21st century skills that must be possessed by students who are prepared to become decisions makers with science literacy in the future. Analysis of the effectiveness of the interactive e-book developed was carried out through implementation with a control group pre-test post-test design involving 32 learners. The development method used is the ADDIE research and development model (analysis, design,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 613, "width": 291, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "development, implementation, and evaluation). The implementation results showed an average size increase in controls of 0.40, while the average size of the experiment class increase was 0.53. The measure of the strength of the impact of using interactive e-books compared to the use of modules is shown by the value of effect size of 0.73 which is in the category of quite impactful.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 701, "width": 142, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Author: Haura Fauziyyah Halilah Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1264", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 102, "width": 420, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka membentuk generasi pemimpin dan decisions maker ber-literasi sains, maka diperlukan pembelajaran yang fleksibel dan bermakna termasuk pada pembelajaran fisika (DONE, 2020). Akan tetapi, banyak hal yang diperlu diperhatikan dalam menciptakan pembelajaran demikian. Pembenahan dalam pembelajaran fisika yang perlu dilakukan adalah penentuan tujuan pembelajaran fisika yang sesuai dengan jenjang pendidikan serta kurikulum yang relevan dengan tantangan yang akan dihadapi oleh peserta didik pada zamannya (DONE, 2020) (Yuniastuti et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 213, "width": 420, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah keterampilan abad ke-21 merujuk pada keterampilan yang perlu dimiliki peserta didik dalam menghadapi tantangan abad ke-21 (Binkley et al., 2012). Keterampilan abad ke-21 adalah keterampilan berpikir kritis yang merupakan bagian dari keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 276, "width": 420, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterampilan berpikir kritis merujuk pada keterampilan peserta didik dalam menggunakan berbagai metode dan menerapakan teknik-teknik baru dalam memecahkan suatu permasalahan (Gunawan, 2019). Keterampilan berpikir kritis juga merujuk pada berpikir reflektif untuk menentukan apa yang harus dilakukan atau apa yang harus dipercayai (R. H. Ennis, 2015). Keterampilan berpikir kritis merupakan hasil yang tumbuh dan berkembang secara alami melalui pengajaran atau pelatihan (Putranta & Wilujeng, 2019) (Neswary & Prahani, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 388, "width": 420, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir kritis pada peserta didik, perlu ditentukan pendekatan pembelajaran yang sesuai. Menurut (Tiruneh et al., 2018), dalam melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat melalui pendekatan infusion atau immersion . Pendekatan infusion , peserta didik mendapatkan pelatihan mengenai domain-domain keterampilan berpikir kritis secara eksplisit. Sedangkan pada pendekatan immersion, pelatihan domain-domain keterampilan berpikir kritis dilakukan melalui susunan aktivitas yang dirancang sedemikian rupa tanpa pelatihan secara eksplisit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 514, "width": 419, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Ennis, keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat diklasifikasi dalam enam kelompok yaitu basic clarification, inference, advanced clarification, two bases for a decision, supposition and integration, dan auxiliary abilities. Pada penelitian ini, implementasi dilakukan dalam waktu yang cukup singkat apabila melatihkan seluruh aspek keterampilan berpikir kritis. Oleh karena itu, keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dilatihkan berfokus pada aspek basic clarification, inference, dan advanced clarification (R. Ennis, 2011) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 623, "width": 420, "height": 125, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Siswa ideal” yang peduli pada kebenaran dari apa yang diyakininya, mampu mengambil keputusan dengan baik, memahami situasi, dan mampu memahami berbagai sudut pandang, serta menunjukkan dan menarik kesimpulan Ennis, Maka, jika siswa berprestasi baik dalam pembelajaran selanjutnya, mereka akan mampu melakukan penjelasan dasar (mempersempit fokus, mengkritisi argumen, dan menganalisis pertanyaan), inferensi (menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan situasi), dan selanjutnya klarifikasi lanjutan (membuat definisi dan asumsi). Berdasarkan tiga aspek KBK yang menjadi fokus keterampilan berpikir kritis pada penelitian ini, ditentukan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1265", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 420, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikembangkan indikatornya untuk mempermudah mengembangkan instrumen tes (Tabel 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 120, "width": 409, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis (R. Ennis, 2011). No. Aspek KBK Indikator KBK 1 Klarifikasi Dasar 1. Focus on a question 2. Menganalisis argumen 3. Menanya atau menjawab pertanyaan menantang 2 Inference 1. Deduce and judge deduction 2. Make material inferences 3. Make and judge value judgments 3 Klarifikasi Lanjutan 1. Define terms and judge definitions, using appropriate criteria 2. Attribute unstated assumptions", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 277, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 291, "width": 424, "height": 249, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian pengembangan ini secara keseluruhan adalah menghasilkan e-book interaktif pada topik pemanasan global yang mampu melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas 11. Diperlukan adanya riset yang utuh dan terstruktur agar produk e-book yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dan bermanfaat. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model penelitian dan pengembangan ADDIE ( analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation ). Model ADDIE menyediakan kerangka kerja yang mampu membangun, menguji, serta menerapkannya dalam program pengembangan pembelajaran (Mayfield, 2011) (Lukman et al., 2020). Pada fase penerapan ( implementation ), dilakukan uji coba dengan desain control group pre-test post-test . Sebelumnya, dua kelompok peserta didik melakukan pre-test keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pada tahap treatment, kelompok eksperimen belajar menggunakan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan, sedangkan kelompok kontrol menggunakan buku cetak dengan konten yang sama dengan yang disajikan dalam e- book interaktif. Setelah itu, post-test dilakukan pada kedua kelas setelah treatment (Creswell, 2014) (Ishtiaq, 2019). Artikel ini berfokus pada hasil implementasi, berupa efektivitas e-book yang dikembangkan terhadap melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 545, "width": 421, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagian penelitian ini, terdapat 32 peserta didik yang terbagi pada kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Peserta didik merupakan kelas 11 peminatan MIPA. Gain ternormalisasi digunakan pada analisis hasil tes siswa untuk mendapatkan ukuran peningkatan KBK. Menurut Hake, gain ternormalisasi merupakan nilai peningkatan real dibagi dengan nilai peningkatan terbesar yang mungkin didapatkan oleh peserta didik (Hake, 2002). Normalized gain atau gain ternormalisasi dihitung melalui persamaan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 639, "width": 233, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "〈 g 〉 =(% 〈 G 〉 )/(% 〈 G 〉 _max ) 〈 g 〉 =(( 〈 post test 〉 - 〈 pre test 〉 ))/(( 〈 100 〉 - 〈 pre test 〉 ) )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 672, "width": 421, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cohen's d sering digunakan untuk mengevaluasi atau membakukan perbedaan antara dua mean. Cohen's d dapat digunakan dalam berbagai skenario. Salah satunya fungsinya adalah pada studi antara dua kelompok independen yang berfokus pada perbedaan rata-rata dua populasi (Goulet-Pelletier & Cousineau, 2018). Persamaannya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1266", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 86, "width": 187, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "〈 d 〉 =(μ_1-μ_2)/σ μ_1= nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen μ_2= nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol σ = standar deviasi populasi gabungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 152, "width": 421, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen tes yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Tes Keterampilan Berpikir dikembangkan berdasarkan tiga aspek dasar keterampilan berpikir kritis Ennis. Berdasarkan hasil validasi konstruk, instrumen ini layak digunakan dengan rekomendasi perbaikan khususnya pada bagian rubrik. Sedangkan hasil validasi empiris dianalisis menggunakan model Rasch dengan seluruh item mempunyai kesesuaian yang baik dengan model (dapat diterima atau valid), dan nilai Alpha Cronbach (reliabilitas) sebesar 0,61 (memuaskan). Berdasarkan hasil validasi ini, pada akhirnya pada instrumen tes yang digunakan terdiri dari delapan butir soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 311, "width": 163, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Dan Pembahasan Keterbacaan E-Book Interaktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 342, "width": 421, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji keterbacaan dilakukan menyelaraskan tingkat kemudahan konten pada e- book interaktif untuk dipahami dengan tingkat kemampuan pembaca (peserta didik) untuk memahami pesan atau konteks dari e-book interaktif yang digunakan. Instrumen uji keterbacaan terdiri dari 13 item yang mewakili ragam media e-book berupa petunjuk kegiatan, peta konsep, teks, infografis, gambar, video, dan simulasi. Pembaca akan mendapat nilai tepat jika mampu menjelaskan gagasan pokok informasi yang disampaikan oleh masing-masing jenis media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 453, "width": 421, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil uji keterbacaan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan diperoleh hasil bahwa 95% siswa termasuk dalam kategori tinggi ( independent reader ). Adapun 5%- nya merupakan pembaca pada kategori sedang ( instructional reader ). Pembaca instruksional masih memiliki potensi untuk memahami konten e-book dengan bantuan (Wissing et al., 2016). Oleh karena itu, secara umum peserta didik dapat menggunakan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan secara mandiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 549, "width": 421, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari dua belas item pada instrumen uji keterbacaan merupakan pada tingkat keterbacaan tinggi, sedangkan satu item memiliki tingkat keterbacaan rendah (tabel 2). Item konten berupa video mendapatkan skor keterbacaan yang paling tinggi dibanding media lainnya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa informasi yang disajikan melalui video pada e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk dipahami dengan benar oleh pembaca atau peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 644, "width": 421, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada ragam media berupa teks, rata-rata keterbacaannya 88,87% sedangkan rata- rata keterbacaan peta konsep adalah 90,84%. Persentase ini juga termasuk pada kategori tinggi yang berarti memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk dapat dipahami secara mandiri. Adapun persentase keterbacaan petunjuk kegiatan adalah 76,19%. Hal ini diakibatkan pada beberapa peserta didik kebingungan untuk menentukan informasi utama dan informasi pedukung karena banyaknya informasi apda petunjuk kegiatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1267", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 421, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampel grafik dan infografis berupa gambar berada pada kategori keterbacaan tinggi. Hal ini dapat menunjukkan jika informasi yang disajikan pada grafik dan infografis mudah dipahami. Akan tetapi pada infografis, peserta didik berkomentar bila ukuran tulisan yang digunakan terlalu kecil dan informasi yang dimuat terlalu padat untuk satu tampilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 459, "width": 281, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Lembar petunjuk kegiatan sebelum perbaikan.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 94, "top": 488, "width": 421, "height": 91, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ragam media lainnya merupakan simulasi, dengan persentase keterbacaannya 38,10% (kategori rendah). Saat uji keterbacaan, peserta didik berada dalam keadaan frustasi untuk memahami informasi yang disajikan secara mandiri. Hasil ini dapat diakibatkan oleh penyajian simulasi tanpa petunjuk menggunakan simulasi saat dilakukan uji keterbacaan. Pada perbaikan ditambahkan pula petunjuk mengakses simulasi pada bagian petunjuk penggunaan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 599, "width": 263, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Presentase hasil uji keterbacaan konten e-book", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 614, "width": 366, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Bagian E-Book Interaktif Presentase Keterbacaan (%) Kategori 1 Peta konsep 90,48 Tinggi 2 Petunjuk penggunaan e-book interaktif 90,48 Tinggi 3 Video 1 (Fenomena Penduduk Kiribati) 100,00 Tinggi 4 Petunjuk kegiatan 76,19 Tinggi 5 Video 2 (Efek Rumah Kaca) 95,24 Tinggi 6 Teks 1 (Efek Rumah Kaca) 80,95 Tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1268", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 112, "top": 88, "width": 366, "height": 150, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Bagian E-Book Interaktif Presentase Keterbacaan (%) Kategori 7 Teks 2 (Pemanasan Global) 100,00 Tinggi 8 Infografis (Protokol Kyoto) 80,95 Tinggi 9 Grafik 1 (Anomali Suhu Global) 85,71 Tinggi 10 Teks 3 (Upaya Pengendalian Pemanasan Global) 85,71 Tinggi 11 Simulasi Climate Change 38,10 Rendah 12 Video 3 (Dampak Pemanasan Global) 100,00 Tinggi 13 Grafik 2 (Kurva Keeling) 80,95 Tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 259, "width": 421, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji keterbacaan dapat disimpulkan bila kemampuan peserta didik untuk memahami konten e-book dengan tingkat kemudahan konten e-book untuk dipahami berada pada tingkat yang sama. Peserta didik memiliki kemampuan yang sangat baik dalam menentukan pokok gagasan utama dari berbagai jenis media pada e-book .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 339, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivitas E-Book Interaktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 354, "width": 421, "height": 186, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebaran hasil pre-test dan post-test keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dan juga sebaran tingkat kesulitan butir soal ditunjukkan oleh gambar 2. Bagian kiri menunjukkan hasil pre-test (tes sebelum dilakukan intervensi), sedangkan bagian kanan merupakan hasil post-test (test setelah dilakukan intervensi). Gambar ini menunjukkan hasil siswa secara keseluruhan, baik kelas kontrol (kode peserta didik dengan huruf C) dan kelas eksperimen (kode peserta didik dengan huruf E). Peserta didik dengan kode C08 dan E10 merupakan peserta didik dengan potensi dapat mengerjakan soal tes paling rendah pada saat pre-test . Peserta didik diprediksi tidak dapat mengerjakan satu soal pun dengan benar. Adapun pada saat post-test setelah adanya intervensi dengan menggunakan modul cetak, peserta didik C08 berpotensi untuk mengerjakan lima soal dengan benar dan E10 berpotensi mengerjakan tujuh soal dengan benar setelah belajar menggunakan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 545, "width": 421, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari wright map juga didapatkan informasi bila peserta didik dengan kode E12 yang pada saat pre-test hanya berpotensi untuk dapat mengerjakan dua soal, setelah belajar menggunakan e-book interaktif berpotensi untuk dapat menjawab keseluruhan tes dengan benar. Gambaran ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum seluruh peserta didik mengalami peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis setelah melakukan pembelajaran mandiri baik menggunakan buku cetak ataupun e-book interaktif “STOP Pemanasan Global”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 656, "width": 421, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebaran butir soal pada wright map menunjukkan tingkat kesulitan butir soal. Semakin tinggi posisi butir soal menunjukkan bila butir soal tersebut semakin jarang dijawab benar (semakin sulit). Dari sebaran ini didapatkan bahwa butir soal dengan kode Q8 merupakan soal yang paling sukar di antara soal lainnya pada saat pre-test . Adapun nilai measure yang menurun untuk Q8 menunjukkan bila butir soal ini menurun tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1269", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 421, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kesulitannya pada saat post-test. Pada saat post-test, soal Q8 terdapat sembilan peserta didik yang berpotensi mampu menjawab dengan benar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 120, "width": 421, "height": 138, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ukuran peningkatan keterampilan peserta didik didapatkan dengan perhitungan gain ternormalisasi dan ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria Hake. Hasil perhitungan sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan pada tabel 3 dan tabel 4. Peserta didik dengan ukuran peningkatan tertinggi secara keseluruhan adalah peserta didik dengan kode E12 dengan skor 0,81 yang berada pada kelompok eksperimen. Kelompok eksperimen adalah peserta didik yang melakukan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan e-book interaktif. C12 merupakan peserta didik dengan peningkatan paling rendah dengan skor 0,07 yang berasal dari kelas kontrol. Sedangkan E02 merupakan peserta didik dengan peningkatan paling rendah pada kelas eksperimen dengan skor 0,30.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 263, "width": 421, "height": 169, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 menunjukkan sebaran ukuran peningkatan untuk tiap aspek, sedangkan pada gambar 4 menunjukkan sebaran ukuran peningkatan secara keseluruhan. Berdasarkan gambar 3, dapat dijabarkan jabaran peningkatan pada setiap aspek KBK. Pada aspek klarifikasi dasar tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebaran kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Adapun pada aspek inference dan aspek klarifikasi terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini dapat dilihat juga dari tidak adanya peningkatan rendah pada kedua aspek ini untuk peserta didik di kelas eksperimen. Analisis tiap aspek ini dapat menunjukkan bila e-book interaktif cenderung tidak memberikan hasil yang signifikan terhadap aspek KBK klarifikasi dasar. Namun, e-book interaktif memberikan booster pada aspek KBK inference dan klarifikasi lanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 696, "width": 246, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Wright map keterampilan berpikir kritis", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1270", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 163, "top": 298, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Sebaran kategori ukuran peningkatan KBK tiap aspek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 546, "width": 367, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Sebaran kategori peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 591, "width": 257, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Skor gain ternormalisasi untuk kelas kontrol Kode Peserta Didik N-Gain Interpretasi C01 0,50 Sedang C02 0,53 Sedang C03 0,31 Sedang C04 0,06 Rendah C05 0,35 Sedang C06 0,33 Sedang C07 0,18 Rendah C08 0,58", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 140, "top": 332, "width": 301, "height": 408, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedang 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 RENDAH SEDANG TINGGI KONTROL", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 523, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EKSPERIMEN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1271", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 175, "top": 89, "width": 257, "height": 473, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kode Peserta Didik N-Gain Interpretasi C09 0,53 Sedang C10 0,32 Sedang C11 0,60 Sedang C12 0,07 Rendah C13 0,53 Sedang C14 0,44 Sedang C15 0,71 Tinggi C16 0,39 Sedang Rata-Rata 0,40 Sedang Tabel 4. Skor gain ternormalisasi untuk kelas kontrol. Kode Peserta Didik N-Gain Interpretasi E01 0,33 Sedang E02 0,30 Sedang E03 0,33 Sedang E04 0,73 Tinggi E05 0,61 Sedang E06 0,45 Sedang E07 0,32 Sedang E08 0,33 Sedang E09 0,70 Tinggi E10 0,71 Tinggi E11 0,35 Sedang E12 0,81 Tinggi E13 0,45 Sedang E14 0,74 Tinggi E15 0,65 Sedang E16 0,72 Tinggi Rata-Rata 0,53 Sedang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 584, "width": 421, "height": 169, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara keseluruhan, pada kelas kontrol terbagi menjadi 3 peserta didik dengan peningkatan rendah, 12 peserta didik dengan peningkatan sedang, dan 1 peserta didik dengan peningkatan tinggi. Sehingga didapatkan rata-rata nilai gain ternormalisasi untuk kelas kontrol adalah 0,40. Adapun pada kelas eksperimen, tersebar pada 10 peserta didik dengan peningkatan sedang, dan 6 peserta didik dengan peningkatan tinggi. Serta didapatkan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen adalah 0,53. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat dipahami apabila kelas eksperimen memiliki kecenderungan peningkatan pada kategori sedang dan tinggi. Untuk mengetahui ukuran kekuatan dari dua nilai rata-rata maka dilakukanlah perhitungan effect size. Effect size digunakan untuk mendapatkan ukuran besarnya dampak suatu desain atau kelompok untuk memfasilitasi perbandingan antar kelompok (Goulet-Pelletier & Cousineau, 2018). Perhitungan effect size ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1272", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 421, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dilakukan setelah data pre-test maupun post-test kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen memenuhi uji homogenitas dan uji normalitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 135, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Nilai effect size keterampilan berpikir kritis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 150, "width": 339, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N Rata-rata SD pooled Effect Size Interpretasi Kontrol 16 0,40 0,182 0,72 Medium Effect Eksperimen 16 0,53", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 223, "width": 421, "height": 122, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan effect size pada tabel 5 menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan pembelajaran mandiri dengan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan berdampak positif dengan kekuatan ukuran 0,72 yang diinterpretasikan pada kategori cukup berdampak dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran menggunakan buku cetak. Analisis efektivitas ini juga sejalan dengan hasil-hasil penilitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan penggunaan e- book interaktif berdampak untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dibandingkan dengan modul cetak (Hasan et al., 2018) (Pradina & Suyatna, 2018) (Suyatna et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 366, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 382, "width": 420, "height": 186, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan, maka didapatkanlah kesimpulan mengenai efektivitas e-book interaktif pada topik pemanasan global untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada tingkat SMA. Kesimpulan yang didapat di antaranya adalah bahwa persentase keterbacaan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan adalah 84,98% atau berada pada kategori tinggi dan sesuai dengan kemampuan peserta didik dalam memahami konten e-book interaktif. Sehingga secara umum e-book interaktif dapat digunakan secara mandiri. Rata-rata ukuran peningkatan pada kelas kontrol adalah 0,40, sedangkan pada kelas eksperimen adalah 0,53. Berdasarkan ukuran peningkatan ini didapatkan bahwa efektifitas e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan dalam melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis sebesar 0,72 (dalam effect size ) yang menunjukkan bahwa e-book interaktif memberikan medium effect terhadap peningkatn keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1273", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 88, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bibliografi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 120, "width": 420, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. 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93ab80f6-3013-1685-5624-83887b49d7da	https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/jmbk/article/download/4802/2759	[ { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 104, "width": 469, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "STRATEGI BISNIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS SWOT DENGAN MODEL SUPPLY CHAIN LOGISTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN RETAIL PADA PT XYZ", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 159, "width": 308, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pradana Wibowo Santosa Program Studi Magister Manajemen Universitas Tarumanagara [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 214, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eddy Herjanto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 228, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Magister Manajemen Universitas Tarumanagara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 269, "width": 471, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract : In a SWOT analysis, the company must rely on their strengths to assist them with any threats or weaknesses that occur within the company. If their strengths are used to their advantage they can be implemented to help in avoiding new threats in the future and therefore the company will not be disrupted in its everyday procedures. The company which was used in this present analysis was PT . XYZ. This business identified that threats and weaknesseswere occurring and causing issues within the company. The method performed in this study was an analysis of the basic strategy of supply chain management and value chain analysis. After these two analysis had been completed they were then grouped into a SWOT analysis of IFE and EFE matrix from the company PT . XYZ. The results of the present study found the main cause of the weaknesses and threats in PT . XYZ was the substitution of products, threats, and competitors. In conclusion, it is therefore essential to take action to resolve these issues by using the SWOT analysis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 253, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Supply Chain, SWOT, IFE EFE matrix.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam analisis SWOT, perusahaan harus mengandalkan kekuatan mereka untuk membantu mereka menghadapi ancaman atau kelemahan yang terjadi di dalam perusahaan. Jika kekuatan mereka digunakan untuk keuntungan mereka, mereka dapat diimplementasikan untuk membantu menghindari ancaman baru di masa depan dan oleh karena itu perusahaan tidak akan terganggu dalam prosedur sehari-hari. Perusahaan yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah PT. XYZ. Bisnis ini mengidentifikasi bahwa ancaman dan kelemahan terjadi dan menyebabkan masalah di dalam perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 573, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis strategi dasar manajemen rantai pasok dan analisis rantai nilai. Setelah kedua analisis ini selesai mereka kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi analisis SWOT matriks IFE dan EFE dari perusahaan PT. XYZ.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 614, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil analisis diperoleh hasil bagaimana penerapan sistem supply chain dan penanganan permasalahan yang ada dan kseimpulan dan saran dari penulis untuk memaksimalkan kinerja yang ada..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 656, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci terkontrol: matriks Supply Chain, SWOT, IFE EFE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 683, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 697, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada era globalisasi sekarang ini kebutuhan masyarakat semakin banyak. Masyarakat menjadi gemar dalam melakukan pembelian. Di Indonesia contohnya, masyarakat disini begitu menyukai berbelanja. Ini dapat dilihat dari banyaknya mall-mall baru, perusahaan- perusahaan baru yang berdiri di Indonesia. Masyarakat di Indonesia begitu konsumtif. Hal ini membuat perusahaan - perusahaan saling bersaing untuk menciptakan produk yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 455, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkualitas dan mampu menarik minat masyarakat. Persaingan dalam bisnis sangatlah ketat. Dengan era globalisasi seperti sekarang ini persaingan terjadi tidak hanya antar perusahaan dalam negeri saja, persaingan pun juga terjadi dengan perusahaan luar negeri atau asing. Perusahaan - perusahaan asing pun semakin senang untuk melirik pasar di Indonesia yang mereka anggap masyarakatnya sangat konsumtif. Maka perusahaan - perusahaan harus mampu menciptakan terobosan baru yang strategis agar menarik minat masyarakat serta dapat merebut pangsa pasar. Para pemimpin perusahaan juga harus jeli melihat faktor - faktor tersebut apakah akan menguntungkan atau justru akan merugikan perusahaan tersebut. Apabila masyarakat memilih produk tersebut tentunya akan menjadikan keuntungan bagi perusahaan tersebut. Mereka akan menjadi konsumen setia perusahaan dan bahkan akan memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat lain akan kualitas barang tersebut, sehingga perusahaan akan mendapatkan konsumen baru dengan menakan biaya pemasaran. Untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas serta bernilai jual tinggi, tentunya dibutuhkan bahan baku yang baik pula, selain itu juga harus melalui proses penciptaan produk yang benar sehingga terciptalah sebuah produk jadi yang dapat dijual, setelah produk tersebut jadi dan siap pakai maka harus segera didistribusikan ketangan para konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 290, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masyarakat Indonesia dapat dikatakan memiliki pola konsumsi yang tinggi. Hal ini mengharuskan perusahaan untuk selalu menyediakan barang pemuas kebutuhan tetap tersedia setiap saat terutama untuk sandang, pangan, dan papan. Namun sering terjadi pada beberapa perusahaan justru disaat konsumen akan membeli barang namun barang tersebut dalam keadaan kosong atau bahkan barang tersebut ada namun dalam keadaan rusak dan tidak layak pakai. Untuk itulah dibutuhkan manajemen rantai pasokan yang baik. Perusahaan harus jeli dalam menentukan pemasok mereka. Memilih pemasok yang tepat tentunya akan mendapatkan banyak keuntungan, diantaranya perusahaan menjadi unggul dari para pesaing – pesaingnya. Pemasok yang tepat tentunya akan menjadikan perusahaan dapat terus menjalankan kegiatan proses produksinya tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 428, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut David Simchi Levi, et.al (2000) supply chain management atau manajemen rantai pasokan merupakan suatu pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mencapai pengintegrasian yang lebih efisien dari suppliers, manufactur, distributors, retailers, dan customers. Artinya barang diproduksi dalam jumlah yang tepat, pada saat yang tepat dan pada tempat yang tepat dengan tujuan mencapai cost dari sistem keseluruhan yang minimum. Manajemen rantai pasokan ( supply chain management ) mampu mengatasi masalah persediaan agar produk dalam keadaan tersedia dan layak dikonsumsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 524, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep Supply Chain merupakan konsep baru dalam melihat persoalan logistik. Konsep lama melihat logistik lebih sebagai persoalan intern masing-masing perusahaan dan pemecahannya dititikberatkan pada pemecahan secara intern di perusahaan masing - masing. Dalam konsep baru ini, masalah logistik dilihat sebagai masalah yang lebih luas yang terbentang sangat panjang sejak dari bahan dasar sampai barang jadi yang dipakai konsumen akhir, yang merupakan mata rantai penyedian barang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 607, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada dua manfaat penerapan manajemen rantai pasokan yang pertama untuk memenuhi kepentingan dalam pemenuhan persediaan barang dagangan yang mempunyai sifat cepat habis. Persedian produk - produk kebutuhan konsumen harus dapat dikendalikan. Pengendalian persediaan merupakan bagian yang sangat penting. Pengendalian dilakukan untuk mengendalikan persediaan dari kekurangan dan kelebihan produksi. Kekurangan produk-produk tentunya akan menimbulkan komplain dari para konsumen dan hal terburuk adalah konsumen beralih ke perusahaan lain. Selain itu pandangan konsumen terhadap perusahaan akan menjadi buruk. Hal ini akan sangat buruk, karena bisa saja konsumen memberi tahu kepada orang lain untuk tidak membeli pada perusahaan tersebut. Untuk itulah penerapan manajemen rantai pasokan sangatlah penting agar persediaan barang tetap ada, sehingga ketika ada pesanan maka barang selalu sedia. Selain itu kelebihan persediaan akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menimbulkan kerugian bagi produsen. Untuk itulah disini kembali penerapan manajemen rantai pasokan dinilai amatlah penting, perusahaan dan pemasok harus jeli dan pintar dalam menghasilkan barang.Jangan sampai produk yang dihasilkan kekukarangan ataupun kelebihan. Karena jika kekurangan dan saat itu ada pesanan, maka konsumen akan kecewa dan bisa beralih ke perusahaan lain. Namun jika persediaan produk juga terlalu berlimpah maka dapat mengakibatkan produk menjadi basi jika itu makanan. Dan jika bukan makanan juga akan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi produsen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 165, "width": 455, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manfaat yang kedua yaitu memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan terhadap pilihan barang dagangan sesuai dengan apa yang pelanggan inginkan, serta dimana mereka menginginkannya. Pengendalian persediaan menjadi begitu penting karena pola konsumsi selalu berubah - ubah. Setiap konsumen berbeda dalam melakukan pembelian suatu produk. Ada yang setiap hari, minggu, bulan dan ada juga konsumen yang melakukan pembelian tiba - tiba tanpa waktu yang direncanakan atau ada konsumen yang membeli dalam jumlah besar atau kecil bahkan hari – hari libur atau hari besar juga harus menjadi perhatian dalam menentukan persediaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tipikal Supply Chain dewasa ini sedang mengalami perubahan besar karena perubahan atau perkembangan pasar. Dahulu, produk yang mempunyai brand atau nama yang kuat seakan-akan mendikte pasaran dan pelanggan akan tergantung dan cenderung untuk mencari produk tersebut. Pabrik juga cenderung akan memasarkan langsung produk tersebut atau melalui retail outletnya sendiri dan hanya sebagian dari produksinya yang dialokasikan atau disalurkan melalui retail outlet tertentu yang dipilihnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 455, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekarang keadaan sudah berubah. Pelanggan makin mempunyai pilihan yang banyak dan berada pada posisi untuk menentukan sendiri brand pilihannya dan retail outlet makin lebih mempunyai keleluasaan dan berkuasa untuk menjual dan memajang produk yang dipilihnya sendiri berdasarkan kehendak dan selera pelanggan. Perkembangan tersebut mempengaruhi pula bagaimana cara mengoptimalkan supply chain sedemikian rupa sehingga mencapai manfaat yang optimal. Sehubungan dengan itu perlu dibicarakan hal-hal sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 455, "width": 232, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Tuntutan pelanggan yang terus berkembang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 469, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kekuasaan retailer yang makin besar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 483, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Dilema dalam pencapaian optimalisasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 497, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kendala dalam membangun kepercayaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 511, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Kemitraan sebagai suatu solusi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 524, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Teknologi informasi sebagai katalisator.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 538, "width": 455, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu metode dalam manajemen rantai pasokan adalah analisis SWOT. Analisa SWOT ( SWOT Analysis ) adalah suatu metode perencanaan strategis yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi faktor - faktor yang menjadi kekuatan (Strengths), Kelemahan (Weaknesses), Peluang (Opportunities), dan Ancaman (Threats) yang mungkin terjadi dalam mencapai suatu tujuan dari kegiatan proyek/kegiatan usaha atau institusi/lembaga dalam skala yang lebih luas. Untuk keperluan tersebut diperlukan kajian dari aspek lingkungan baik yang berasal dari lingkungan internal maupun eskternal yang mempengaruhi pola strategi institusi/lembaga dalam mencapai tujuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 342, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Albert Humphrey, Penerapan SWOT adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 662, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Strenghts – Opportunities (SO) : Bagaimana kekuatan mampu mengambil keuntungan dari peluang yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 690, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Weaknesses – Opportunities (WO) : Bagaimana mengatasi kelemahan yang dapat mengurangi keuntungan dari peluang yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 718, "width": 437, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Strenghts – Threats (ST) : Bagaimana kekuatan yang ada dapat mengalahkan ancaman yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 69, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Weaknesses – Threats (WT) : Bagaimana cara mengatasi kelemahan yang ada agar tidak terjadi ancaman baru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses bisnis adalah kumpulan proses kerja yang teratur untuk mendistribusikan suatu produk dan jasa yang memberikan manfaat atau nilai tambah bagi penggunanya (Thaib dan Bachtiar, 2012). Proses bisnis dibentuk dan dikelola untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Faktor utama dalam proses bisnis adalah efektivitas, efisiensi dan adaptabilitas. Menurut Thaib dan Bachtiar (2012), proses bisnis haruslah dirumuskan, direncanakan dan dirancang secara sistematis dan terstruktur sehingga mudah dilaksanakan, ditelusuri dan diperbaiki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu perusahaan distribusi yang memiliki kegiatan pengadaan bahan baku ialah PT XYZ. PT XYZ adalah perusahaan distribusi yang bergerak dalam usaha dagang FMCG. Sebagai salah satu perusahaan FMCG terbesar, mutu kualitas menjadi hal utama yang wajib diperhatikan oleh PT. XYZ. Perusahaan ini harus pintar dalam melakukan tatanan manajemen bisnis yang tepat dalam mengembangkan usahanya. Pemilihan supply chain management juga penting bagi perusahaan ini agar mampu bergerak di posisi yang tepat dan tidak kehilangan pelanggannya. Mereka harus mampu menyiapkan strategi bisnis yang tepat. Selain itu perusahaan ini juga harus memperhatikan hal - hal yang dapat memberi kepuasaan kepada pelanggan, yakni :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 303, "width": 314, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Produk yang disediakan harus bemutu dan berkualitas tinggi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 317, "width": 283, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Produk yang disediakan harus aman untuk dikonsumsi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 331, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Peningkatan sumber daya manusia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 345, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pengiriman harus tepat waktu sesuai pesanan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 359, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Supply Chain Management yang tepat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 373, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Produk harus sedia setiap saat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 386, "width": 455, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan ini memiliki banyak pesaing, untuk itulah hal-hal tersebut harus terus diperhatikan PT. XYZ agar tidak kehilangan pelanggan. Peningkatan Mutu dan Supply Chain Management dinilai amatlah penting bagi perusahaan agar dapat terus unggul dalam bersaing dari banyaknya perusahaan di Indonesia. Perusahaan - perusahaan saling bersaing untuk memperebutkan hati masyarakat agar memilih produknya. Untuk itulah perusahaan - perusahaan saling berlomba-lomba menciptakan produk yang bermutu dan memiliki supply chain management yang baik. Dalam hal ini PT XYZ bersaing untuk menghasilkan pelaya n produk yang mampu bersaing dan supply chain management yang baik untuk menghasilkan penjualan yang baik dan menghasilkan keuntungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERUMUSAN MASALAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 538, "width": 439, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian pada latar belakang penelitian, Maka masalah penelitian dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 566, "width": 423, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apakah perusahaan sudah unggul dalam persaingan dengan menggunakan sistem rantai pasokan ?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 417, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apakah dengan menerapkan analisis SWOT dapat meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan ? Apakah perusahaan sudah menerapkan manajemen rantai pasokan dengan baik ? Apakah keunggulan bersaing perusahaan akan memberikan keuntungan ?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RUANG LINGKUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Deskriptif. Menurut Arikunto (2010: 3) penelitian deskriptif merupakan penelitian yang dimaksudkan untuk menyelidiki keadaan, kondisi atau hal lain-lain yang hasilnya dipaparkan dalam bentuk laporan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 718, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis data kualitatif dengan sumber datanya adalah data primer dan sekunder. Berbagai teknik yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, wawancara, observasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan alat analisis Tiga Tahapan Manajemen Strategis menurut Fred R. David menggunakan kuesioner lisan dengan responden berjumlah satu orang sebagai informan kunci yang menjabat sebagai Direktur (Top Management). Kemudian, berdasarkan kriteria optimasi dapat ditentukan rancangan implikasi solusi terpilih yaitu;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 138, "width": 412, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1.Untuk membantu perusahaan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen, penulis menganjurkan agar perusahaan melakukan perubahan terhadap sistem supply chain management.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 193, "width": 430, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.Untuk membantu perusahaan dalam menentukan strategi bersaing yang terbaik melalui analisis 3 tahapan menurut Fred R. David dan analisis Porter.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN BAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 262, "width": 282, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Operasi dan Supply Chain Management saat ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara keseluruhan perusahaan saat ini bisa dikatakan memiliki laba yang stabil, namun berdasarkan wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti menimbang dari aspek operasi perusahaan masih banyak kekurangan yang sebenarnya masih dapat dimaksimalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini perusahaan memiliki satu gudang pribadi milik perusahaan yang bertempat di Jakarta Barat. Perusahaan memiliki banyak supplier bahan baku dan 3 (tiga) gudang pusat. Berikut adalah gambar sistem supply chain management yang dilakukan oleh PT. XYZ :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 456, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Sistem Supply chain management PT. XYZ saat ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 483, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: PT. XYZ dan olahan peneliti", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 90, "top": 511, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks IFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 525, "width": 428, "height": 319, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Matriks IFE Internal factor weight rating Weighted score KEKUATAN (STRANGTHS) S1: Sistem Supply Chain dapat Mengurangi Biaya 0.10 4 0.4 S2: Menyediakan pelayanan kepada pelanggan lebih baik 0.09 4 0.36 S3: Produktivitas karyawan meningkat dan terkoordinir 0.10 3 0.3 S4: Pengaturan Stok lebih efektif 0.09 4 0.36 S5: Dapat menyediakan item produk lebih banyak 0.09 3 0.27 S6: Dapat mengatur order dan pengiriman lebih cepat 0.07 1 0.07 S7: Konsumen yang loyal 0.07 2 0.14 TOTAL 1.9 KEKURANGAN (WEAKNESSES) W1: Dapat membuat biaya distribusi meningkat 0.09 4 0.36 W2: Konsumen belum dapat menerima sistem baru 0.09 3 0.27 W3: Penjual memerlukan banyak waktu di toko retail 0.08 2 0.16 W4: Kualitas Sumber daya penjual yang belum merata 0.07 1 0.07 W5: Ketersediaan Item produk belum merata krn produksi 0.07 2 0.14 TOTAL 1.0 SUBTOTAL 2.9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 455, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis dan bahasan temuan dari IFE Matriks terlepas dari banyaknya jumlah faktor- faktor yang dimasukan dalam faktor kekuatan (strengths) dan kelemahan (weakness). Pada hasil matriks IFE ini, diperoleh nilai 2,9, yang berarti perusahaan berada di atas rata-rata PT. XYZ selama ini sudah maksimal menangkap kekuatan yang ada dan mengurangi atau menghindari kelemahan yang di hadapi. Dari hasil table matriks IFE ini dapat diterjemahkan bahwa PT. XYZ sudah maksimal dalam memanfaatkan faktor faktor kekuatan internal dalam melawan faktor-faktor kelemahan yang dihadapi. Hal ini dapat mencerminkan dari total skor bobot faktor kekuatan 1,90 yang beda tipis pada skor bobot pada faktor kelemahan adalah 1,00.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 359, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks EFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 373, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Matriks EFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 731, "width": 440, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis dan bahasan dari EFE Matrix terlepas dari banyaknya jumlah faktor-faktor yang dimasukkan dalam faktor peluang (opportunities) dan ancaman (threats). Pada hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 394, "width": 450, "height": 266, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "External factor Weight rating Weighted score PELUANG (Opportunities) O1: Dapat membantu Toko retail dalam pemenuhan stok 0,08 3 0,24 O2: Tingkat konsumsi konsumen yang tinggi 0,08 3 0,34 O3: Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin maju 0,10 4 0,40 O4: Banyak nya toko retail yang tersedia 0,07 2 0,14 O5: Belum ada kompetitor yang menggunakan sistem ini 0,07 2 0,14 TOTAL 1,44 ANCAMAN (Threat) T1: Meningkatnya biaya pengiriman 0,09 4 0,36 T2: Stok barang dapat mengalami excess 0,09 4 0,36 T3: Tidak dapat mengikuti perubahan cepat globalisasi 0,08 2 0,16 T4: Perubahan toko retail yang semakin cepat 0,07 1 0,07 T5: Strategi marketing agresif yang dilakukan oleh pesaing 0,09 3 0,27 TOTAL 1,38 SUBTOTAL 2,82", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 444, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "matriks EFE ini, diperoleh nilai 2,82, yang berarti perusahaan berada di atas rata-rata. PT. XYZ selama ini sudah maksimal menangkap peluang yang ada dan menghindari ancaman yang dihadapi. Dari hasil table matriks EFE ini diterjemahkan bahwa PT. XYZ telah maksimal dalam memanfaatkan faktor-faktor peluang eksternalnya dalam melawan faktor- faktor ancaman yang dihadapi PT. XYZ. Hal ini dapat tercermin dari total skor bobot faktor peluang 1,44 yang beda tipis dengan skor bobot faktor ancaman adalah 1,38.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 166, "width": 313, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strengths- Weakness- Opportunities- Theats (SWOT) Matriks Table 4.4 Matriks SWOT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 208, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "STRENGTH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 221, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S1: Sistem Supply Chain dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 235, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengurangi Biaya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 249, "width": 179, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S2: Menyediakan pelayanan kepada pelanggan lebih baik S3: Produktivitas karyawan meningkat dan terkoordinir S4: Pengaturan Stok lebih efektif S5: Dapat menyediakan item produk lebih banyak S6: Dapat mengatur order dan pengiriman lebih cepat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 373, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S7: Konsumen yang loyal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 442, "top": 208, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "WEAKNESSES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 406, "top": 221, "width": 151, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W1: Dapat membuat biaya distribusi meningkat W2: Konsumen belum dapat menerima sistem baru W3: Penjual memerlukan banyak waktu di toko retail W4: Kualitas Sumber daya penjual yang belum merata W5: Ketersediaan Item produk belum merata krn produksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 388, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "OPPORTUNITIES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 32, "top": 401, "width": 170, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "O1: Dapat membantu Toko retail dalam pemenuhan stok O2: Tingkat konsumsi konsumen yang tinggi O3: Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin maju O4: Banyak nya toko retail yang tersedia O5: Belum ada kompetitor yang menggunakan sistem ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 388, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 388, "width": 341, "height": 190, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1.Bekerja sama dengan transportasi online untuk pembelian dan pengiriman barang (S1, 05) 2. Membuat sistem sendiri (S4,03) 3.Menambah promosi kepada konsumen (S4, S5, 04) WO 1.Mengembangkan titik distribusi baru (W1, 02, 04) 2.Mengembangkan pelayanan menggunakan sistem online (W2, W5, T5) 3.Memperbaiki standar operasional perusahaan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dengan memaksimalkan teknologi (W3,06)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 581, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THREATS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 32, "top": 595, "width": 165, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T1: Meningkatnya biaya pengiriman T2: Stok barang dapat mengalami excess T3: Tidak dapat mengikuti perubahan cepat globalisasi T4: Perubahan toko retail yang semakin cepat T5: Strategi marketing agresif yang dilakukan oleh pesaing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 581, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ST", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 595, "width": 168, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Membuat marketing program khusus customer loyal, seperti program hadiah langsung (S6, T2, T5)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 581, "width": 334, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Menyusun studi kelayakan untuk toko yang ada dan yang akan datang (S3, T6) WT 1. Melakukan promosi dengan menggunakan media sosial (W2,W5,T5) 2. Memberikan pelatihan ke karyawan terkait dengan operasional dan pelayanan (W4,T2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor-faktor TOWS yang dihadapi dari data lapangan ini, kemudian diolah untuk merumuskan strategi-strategi yang dapat dipakai untuk mengantisipasi ancaman eksternal yang ada dan untuk mengatasi kelemahan internal untuk perusahaan. Adapun rangkaian strategi-strategi yang di sarankan untuk dilakukan perusahaan, yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 124, "width": 395, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Strategi kekuatan ( strengths ) atau peluang ( opportunities ) (S-O Strategy).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 138, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Bekerja sama dengan transportasi online untuk pembelian dan pengiriman barang (S1, 05)  Market Development Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 165, "width": 401, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Membuat sistem sendiri, dengan melakukan produksi sendiri atau membuat kerja sama dengan supplier untuk membuat merek sendiri. (S4,03)  Product Development Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 207, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menambah promosi kepada konsumen yang berfungsi untuk menarik minat konsumen supaya order sesuai dengan sistem supply chain (S4, S5, 04)  Product Development Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 248, "width": 415, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Strategi kelemahan (weakness) atau peluang (opportunities) (W-O Strategy).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 260, "width": 418, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Mengembangkan titik distribusi baru (W1, 02, 04)  Market Penetration Strategy dan Forward Integration Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 287, "width": 419, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mengembangkan pelayanan menggunakan sistem online (W2, W5, T5)  Market Penetration.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 317, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Memperbaiki standar operasional perusahaan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dengan memaksimalkan teknologi (W3,06)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 345, "width": 369, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Startegi kekuatan ( strengths) atau Ancaman (threats) (S-T Strategy).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 359, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Membuat marketing program khusus customer loyal, seperti program hadiah langsung (S6, T2, T5)  Market Penetration.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 386, "width": 404, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Menyusun studi kelayakan untuk toko yang ada dan yang akan datang (S3, T6)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 400, "width": 386, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Strategi kelemahan (weakness) atau Ancaman (threats) (W-T Strategy)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 414, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Melakukan promosi dengan menggunakan media sosial (W2,W5,T5)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 428, "width": 418, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Memberikan pelatihan ke karyawan terkait dengan operasional dan pelayanan (W4,T2)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 456, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE Matrix)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 469, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis SPACE yang dilakukan pada PT. XYZ dapat di susun ke dalam SPACE Matrix yang dapat dilihat pada table 4.5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 497, "width": 347, "height": 266, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4.5 SPACE Matriks Description Rata-rata Financial strength (FS) Ratio Lancar 4 Pendapatan 5 Penjualan Bersih 4 4,3 Total 13 Industry Strength (IS) Rata-rata Menyediakan pelayanan kepada pelanggan lebih baik 5 Tingkat konsumsi konsumen yang tinggi 5 Dapat mengatur order dan pengiriman lebih cepat 6 5,3 Total 16 Competitive Advantage (CA) Rata-rata Dapat membantu Toko retail dalam pemenuhan stok -2 Belum ada kompetitor yang menggunakan -3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 69, "width": 347, "height": 153, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sistem ini Banyak nya toko retail yang tersedia -2 -2,3 Total -7 Environment Stability (ES) Rata-rata Produktivitas karyawan meningkat dan terkoordinir -1 Konsumen yang loyal -3 Dapat menyediakan item produk lebih banyak -2 -2 Total -6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Koordinat vektor arah IS dan CA: Sumbu x = 4,3 + (-2,3) = 2 Koordinat vektor arah FS dan ES: Sumbu y = 5,3 + (-2) = 2,3 dengan menggunakan SPACE matriks, PT. XYZ memasuki kuadran Aggresive , PT. XYZ direkomendasikan untuk melakukan strategi agresif sebagaimana dilihat dalam profil strategi sumbu x dan y pada gambar 4.2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 308, "width": 157, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4.2 Profil sumbu x dan y PT.XYZ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 633, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan rekomendasi strategi agresif ini dinilai bahwa hal terpenting untuk PT. XYZ adalah melakukan strategi integrasi ke belakang, depan dan horizontal, penetrasi pasar, pengembangan pasar, pengembangan produk dan diversifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 251, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap Keputusan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks QSPM menentukan strategi terbaik yang akan diambil berdasarkan critical success factor yang telah diidentifikasikan sebelumnya (TWOS matriks dan SPACE matriks ) yang mencakup faktor internal dan eksternal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 261, "top": 97, "width": 77, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4.6 QSPM Matrix", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 484, "height": 436, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key Factor Strategy market development Strategy Differentiation Weight Attractiveness score Total attractiveness score Attractiveness score Total Attractiveness Score S1 0.10 4 0.4 0.10 0.4 S2 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.27 S3 0.10 4 0.4 0.10 0.2 S4 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.27 S5 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.36 S6 0.07 2 0.14 0.07 0.14 S7 0.07 3 0.21 0.07 0.14 W1 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.27 W2 0.09 2 0.18 0.09 0.27 W3 0.08 2 0.16 0.08 0.08 W4 0.07 3 0.21 0.07 0.14 W5 0.07 2 0.14 0.07 0.21 TOTAL 1.00 O1 0.09 4 0.36 4 0.36 O2 0.08 4 0.32 4 0.32 O3 0.10 3 0.3 4 0.4 O4 0.07 3 0.21 2 0.14 O5 0.07 3 0.21 2 0.14 O6 0.09 1 0.09 1 0.09 T1 0.09 4 0.36 3 0.27 T2 0.09 3 0.27 3 0.27 T3 0.08 1 0.08 1 0.08 T4 0.07 1 0.07 1 0.07 T5 0.09 4 0.36 4 0.36 T6 0.08 2 0.16 4 0.32 TOTAL 1.00 6.07 5.57", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 605, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan dari matriks QSPM, nilai strategy market development adalah 6,07 dimana lebih tinggi dari pada strategy differentiation yang sebesar 5,57. Oleh karena itu PT. XYZ lebih mengutamakan strategy market development dalam menjalankan bisnisnya. Strategy differentiation bisa dijadikan pendukung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 674, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Strategi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam implementasinya, strategi pengembangan sistem supply chain yang mengarahkan perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kepada konsumen. Perusahaan harus mengambil tindakan proaktif dan reaktif dalam bidang produksi dan pemasaranya untuk dapat bersaing dengan pesaing-pesaing lainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 743, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan bersaing merupakan hal yang penting bagi setiap perusahaan, termasuk pada perusahaan PT. XYZ. Semua kegiatan di dalam suatu perusahaan, baik langsung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maupun tidak langsung harus dapat membawa implikasi terhadap kemampuan bersaing perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 96, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh PT. XYZ adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Membuat divisi khusus yang bertugas untuk mengembangkan dan mengawasi kinerja dari sistem suplly chain yang sudah berjalan saat ini dan supaya dapat selalu meningkatkan hasil dan kinerja yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 152, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Melakukan efektif efisiensi dalam hal keuangan yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi pengeluaran pengiriman distribusi ke konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 425, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Membuat sistem operasional prosedur (SOP) kepada team penjual untuk di terapkan setiap kali mereka kunjungan ke semua toko langganan yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 207, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 218, "width": 454, "height": 69, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Model supply chain management PT. XYZ saat ini dapat memenuhi layanan kebutuhan konsumen, hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya dukungan yang baik dari internal perusahaan. Diantaranya masih ada kekurangandari sistem supply chain ini yaitu dari pengembangan sumber daya manusia, teknologi yang tidak dimanfaatkan untuk memaksimalisasi proses bisnis dan kegiatan marketing yang tidak berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 454, "height": 69, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Model supply chain management PT. XYZ yang ada saaat ini masih perlu pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan kinerja team penjual dan meningkatkan pelayanan kepada konsumen baik dalam hal order maupun pengiriman produk ke toko langganan yang ada, dengan tidak melupakan efisiensi pengeluaran supaya perusahaan dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 34, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 370, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Memaksimalkan aset perusahaan seperti pabrik yang besar dan fasilitas transportasi yang tersedia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Mengoptimalkan teknologi informasi yang ada untuk memudahkan komunikasi antara penjual, perusahaan dengan konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 425, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Meningkatkan kinerja sumber daya manusia dengan menyediakan pelatihan kerja didalam dan diluar lapangan serta pendidikan formal agar lebih andal dan kompeten.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Membuat perkiraan kebutuhan produksi yang akan dikelola dengan cara pendataan permintaan barang oleh team penjual, pencatatat dan pelaporan persediaan barang untuk membuat perencanaan persediaan yang akurat dan alokasi pengiriman lebih cepat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 72, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 676, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chopra, Sunil & Peter Meindl. 2004. 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Penulis menamatkan pendidikan S2 di UNTAR University dalam bidang Magister Manajemen (peminatan: Strategik) pada tahun 2018. DR. Ir. Eddy Herjanto, SE, MSc Dosen pada Program Magister Manajemen, Universitas Tarumanagara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" } ]
6d58d974-5df1-e7d9-2b57-9aa7e4c6732b	http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/article/download/6233/3378	[ { "left": 149, "top": 71, "width": 111, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS- JISH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 97, "width": 344, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies on Humanities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 114, "width": 256, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1, 2019 ISSN (print) : 2621-0843 ISSN (online) : 2621-0835 Homepage : http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 761, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 761, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 182, "width": 443, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Untruth Friendship and Starvation in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 216, "width": 301, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah 1 , Burhanuddin Arafah 2 , Herawaty 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 243, "width": 152, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 278, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 484, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research aims to explore (1) the untruth friendship of Winnie-the-Pooh and (2) its advice for solving starvation of human being in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh. The research is a descriptive qualitative method with the support of semiotic approach. It uses smoke- fire concept in Pierce’s Index to look after Aristotle’s 8 characteristics of friendship. Those are explored through Winnie-the-Pooh novel as a primary data and Nicomachean Ethics, book of sociology, and dictionaries as a secondary data. The research discover the untruth is over 4 acts of characters. It keeps some friendship characteristics within. Therefore, those 4 acts directs a man to get a help of a friend.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 378, "width": 442, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Untruth friendship, Winnie-the-Pooh, Starvation, semiotics, Peirce, Smoke-fire concept.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 401, "width": 485, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How to cite: Syahidah, A A, et al. (2019). The Untruth Friendship and Starvation in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh . ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2 (1), 24-38.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 452, "width": 83, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 472, "width": 485, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Literature is often regarded to unreal and untrustworthy work. In fact, fiction has exposed a lot of the truth of life. One of them is Jack the Ripper, a character in the novel by Arthur Conan Doyle that comes from a figure of the serial killer of working women in 1888 (Hansen and Wilbert, 2006:4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 485, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although the story of a novel is a fiction, the logic of communicating the story, the conversation between characters, the emotion of the characters, the characters themselves, the setting and the plot require observation to catch readers’ attention (Wiener and Eisenberg, 2002:12-12). It is to excite the story as the reality of life. Therefore, a notion that fiction is merely to satisfy human desires and feelings is unwise thought. Stories of romance, friendship, or betrayal are more than offering the feeling of happiness and sadness. It is a medium to learn excessively about the meaning of life. Through the fiction, the love of two human beings which is unapproved and ends to a death as depicted in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare is a warning. Equipment, which is installed to horses, and their tail, which is cut on, hurt the horses as depicted in Sewell’s Black Beauty (Syahidah, 2013: 79-80). Immortalizing the name of family is also possible as Milne did in the Winnie-the-Pooh .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 705, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Speaking of the Winnie-the-Pooh , its first appearance in Indonesia is as a cartoon character played on television. Along with other characters, it steals the heart of society. It", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 746, "width": 175, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3 English Language Studies, Hasanuddin University", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 84, "width": 485, "height": 152, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "is taken as a decorative equipment of children’s daily belongings such as pencil, pen, book, and others. In the day of Friendship in United Nation, Winnie-the-Pooh is lifted as the world’s Ambassador of Friendship (McCann, 2011:11) . Moreover, the novel is massively cited by websites such as goodreader , southernliving , greetingcardpoet , et cetera. The dolls, that inspire its characters, and other stuffs are saved in a museum (Kisch, 2009:55). The skeleton of real Winnie bear is also in the museum for fans (Coughlan, 2015:1). More than that, its story is translated into 31 languages, included Latin, Japanese, Thai, French, and another languages (Thwaite, 1992:187). Those, especially the title, are appreciation for the novel which is impressed. Unfortunately, the impression of friendship title goes down at reading comprehension. Almost all chapters in the novel exemplify acts which provoke distrust of the title.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 242, "width": 486, "height": 110, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aris totle’s chapter of Friendship and Love discusses there are characteristics needed to consider the friendship. It mentions that between persons should have pleasure and good in the motive of the characteristics to be told as truest friendship such as the respect of duration and judgement (Aristotle and Peters, 1920; 251-317). That means time which is spent and shows the shortcoming of a friend has him rejoice and accept it. But then, Christopher’s act exemplifies difference and becomes a sign which weakens Winnie-the- Pooh ’s friendship title. Therefore, an untruth of friendship might be possessed by the Winnie-the-Pooh .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 361, "width": 486, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "However, the appointment of Winnie-the-Pooh as a Friendship Ambassador seems too attached to this work. Although there are indications of the untruth friendship, good values which is beneficial for humanity still stick to it. A magnitude of the signal at reading the novel deserves to research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 422, "width": 486, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For the researcher, literature is a medium of truth-keeping. It functions like a radio that records sounds or a video that records events. That literary work is the most complicated medium because it requires in-depth study to discover it. Beside that, every works and its truth might contribute benefits for humanity. From those thoughts, this research is most inclined to comprehend the untruth friendship and its benefits which might come up from Winnie-the-Pooh . Rather than speculating, it deserves scientifically analysis. Therefore, a decision is made to create this research as the benefits on untruth of fr iendship for humanity in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 539, "width": 485, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After reading comprehension, there are several problems that can be identified. First, Winnie-the-Pooh had appointed as an Ambassador of Friendship in 1997. Websites cited some words as friendship. But then , the ‘silly’ word uttered by Christopher and the preventing attitude of Rabbit create question; is the Winnie-the-Pooh appropriate as an Ambassador of Friendship? Second, It has the magnitude of the power to provide a stipulation in the thinking of its readers as friendship, but some of the story exposes its opposite. Whether these can be said to be wise and can benefit humans?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 641, "width": 486, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Before executing this research, there are several researches which had been committed. These researches were read by researcher. Some of the researches were used as a knowledge but some as a supporting idea.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 689, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "First, Biniek (2013) wrote Aristotle on the Good of Friendship; Why the Beneficiary is not What Matters. Biniek discusses that Aristotle is consistent to understand human being through his friendship theory where a matter of its benefits is not owned by whom but by both. It means that there is an interaction between two people. In her understanding, the friendship increases the happiness from within. It is not prioritized of altruism and egoism .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 56, "top": 84, "width": 486, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moreover, the changing will not appear on each friend nor making use of a friend’s kindness. Otherwise, benefits is mutual for each friend and requires the mutual of spirituality. Pleasant , for instance, each parties have the pleasant equally. Meanwhile, pleasant and useful are character friendship which makes the friendship lasting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 148, "width": 486, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Two next month, Smith (2015) analyses the same novel whose research entitled Winnie the Pooh Characters and Psychological Maslow Disorders. The research discovers that every character in the novel is different in their psychological disorder . However, the disorder is not dangerous nor needs hospitality. He analyzes it by Diagnostic and Statistics Manual (DSM-5), a criteria for psychological disorder and find out disorder such as (1) Binge Eating Disorder on Pooh, (2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Eeyore Dysthymia on Piglet, (3) Dyslexia on Owl, (4) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Rabbit, (5) Social Anxiety Disorder on Kanga Roo, dan (6) Dissociative Identity Disorder on Christopher. According to him, the disorder has been had by people since they are a child.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 278, "width": 486, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To support this research, there are 3 theory. First, it is the semiotics of Peirce: index. This research focuses on Peirce’s theory in Atkin (2005:163) as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 312, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "if a sign is an index, it must stand for its object through some existendal or physical fact. For example, smoke acts as a sign for fire because of the causal connection between the two; when a fire is blazing, it has the physical effect of producing smoke. This physical connection enables us to use smoke as a sign for the presence of fire.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 387, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the concept of smoke-fire, it is possible to use as follows: because a friendship title exists, there is the interaction of friendship in the novel as a sign. The title is the smoke generated by the fire blazing. Meanwhile, the interaction is the fire which is blazing. The interaction must be blazing and producing the title. Therefore, it stirs to the activity of reading the novel. This activity then rises the other smoke-fires.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 459, "width": 486, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The second is Aristotle’s Friendship theory which discussed that 8 characteristics needed to see the friendship. Friendship starts with the word friend of two or more men. It then becomes friendship if they have the same characteristics for each other with the same level. It means that they both have well-wishing , pleasure , useful , pleasant , virtue , respect , trust , and loving which are mutual, similar, or identical (Aristotle and Peters, 1920: 252-268). Those characteristics are not about being possessed at once, but hold one by one by each person for his friend to be a true friendship.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 564, "width": 486, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The last is the notion of fiction. Fiction as a literature is a form of self-actualization because it comes from human thinking that hopes for self-realization. Writing fiction is a human effort in fulfilling his desire to gain recognition, understanding, comprehension, and attention. It is not only that because fiction is even a self-actualization in terms of talents, thoughts, dreams, ideas, hopes, and desires. Fiction deals with the shame and self- actualizing nature of fear and even daring. Fiction is a way to manifest what is desired, with or without giving knowledge to others. Because of that, Its writing activity overcomes stressful and anxious and brings out happiness, calamity, and joy. A trailblazer of this idea is Maslow’s statement as:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 429, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "...self-actualizing people are not dependent for their main satisfactions on the real world, or other people or culture or means to ends or, in general, on extrinsic satisfactions. Rather they are dependent for their own development and continued growth on their own potentialities and latent re-sources. Just as", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the tree needs sunshine and water and food, so do most people need love, safety, and the other basic need gratifications that can come only from without. But once these external satisfiers are obtained, once these inner deficiencies are satiated by outside satisfiers, the true problem of individual human development begins, e.g., self-actualization. (1970:162)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 162, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nevertheless, fiction is a different kind of icon. It has a level of complexity. Voice and image can be an icon that does not need to get special treatment as described, reviewed, and so forth because both are the icon that corresponds to reality. This fiction is a sign that has to be elaborated, analysed, parsed, adjusted, and so forth to get the accuracy of the sign of the actual recording, for its nature as words.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 237, "width": 486, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Since literature is a recording and sign of the real-life events of human civilization, which require assessment, analysis, translation, perception, and adjustment to obtain the hidden signs, searching for and understanding its notion in the investigation is important. It starts from where the fictional thoughts originated. The idea of fiction comes from human cognition of the events that surround him, experienced alone or just seen. The surrounding events provide experiences. It is stimulated the ego of feeling. Leovinger (1987; 19) wrote;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Typically the feelings have some reference to the relation of the individual to other persons or to the group, such as lonely, embarrassed, homesick, self- confident, and most often, self-conscious. Consciousness of self is a prerequisite to the replacement of group standards by self-evaluated ones,...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 387, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Feeling from surrounding events attributes individual feelings to other individuals or groups. If that is what Leovinger thinks, an author will be possible to create a reverse story. Therefore, the replacement is a form of self-actualization. Literary works created by this kind of human cognition will follow the wishes of the author. It would mean that the events around will become a representation of objects in human cognition.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 462, "width": 486, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mentioned in the background, literary works are created not just for an occasion of the feelings but for an education of life (p.2). That is the reason of fiction inscribed by an author. He is an only person who has the idea of creating and writing as a novel. Therefore, the message of fiction has its right to be an advice of the author as recommended as follows: ‘Thus in choosing your narrative you must be very clear yourself on why you are telling about this particular event. Ask yourself this question as you are brainstorming; “What am I trying to demonstrate with this story?”’ (Wiener and Eisenberg, 2002: 58).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 578, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 56, "top": 598, "width": 486, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is a qualitative research type with the literatures as a primary data and secondary data. The primary data is an object of this research that already existed and formed to be examined by qualitative analysis method. The strategy to get findings from this research is by the use of Peirce's semiotic approach, the index. Index helps this research determine the friendship created by Aristotle in Milne's novel then make it a way to discover the untruth friendship that comes from the work.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The sources of data are divided into primary data and secondary data. The primary data are databases of events of the stories in the novel Winnie-the-Pooh which is classified closely to untruth friendship hypothesis. It is included the dialog, narration, interaction, sentence, and word. It is not the entire chapters nor the entire stories but the part suspected as untruth friendship. The secondary data are literatures of other fields", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "which is required to prove, confirm, and ascertain the theory and findings. It is included journal, article, thesis, newspaper, news, website, et cetera. The data include any other studies from the internet or books. The secondary data needed is dictionaries, thesaurus, semiotics, books of sociology, articles of humanity, et cetera.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 148, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research is established with instruments, techniques, and procedure. The instruments used for this research are color pens, papers, Google Docs applications, and rectangular stickers. The techniques of analysis data are questioning, applying literary theory, using tools, marking, coding, indexing, and tabling. Meanwhile, the procedure is conducting a limitation, choosing a literature, noticing issue, reading more literature, transforming the issue through an approach, finding, discussing, and writing a report.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Findings", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 256, "width": 450, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. The Notion of the Untruth Friendship Represented in the Winnie-the-Pooh .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 276, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research hypothesizes that the friendship in the Winnie-the-Pooh is untrue. During an investigation, a conceptual framework through semiotic approach is discovered to look after the objection of this research. Its appearance is in the image as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 690, "width": 274, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 . Concept of Smoke-Fire for this Research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 710, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This image becomes the root of this research. Depicted in image 4.1, friendship title of Winnie-the-Pooh is a stimulating smoke to detect interactions in the novel ( see image 4.1.1a). The interactions present different friendship and construct a new smoke: untruth", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 331, "width": 399, "height": 341, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untruth Friendship Acts of Characters Aristotle 8 Characteristics of Friendship Interactions in the Novel Milne’s Advice for Humanity Winnie-the-Pooh ’s Friendship Title Smoke Fire Read: Smoke of Fire Fire for Smoke 1a 2a 3b 2b 1 b 1c 3a 4a", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 86, "width": 485, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "friendship as hypothesis ( see image 4.1.2b). The interactions are researched and produce the acts of characters ( see image 4.1.3b). The acts are then comprehended its untruth by observing its fire, the 8 characteristics ( see image 4.1.3b to image 4.1.2b). The characteristics are overwatched in interactions in the novel. ( see image 4.1.1b). But then, this finding presents its acts of characters, characteristics analyzer, and index of interaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 175, "width": 485, "height": 273, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research discovers the untruth is true over 22 acts which have been analyzed after interactions in the novel. They are as follows: 1) Pooh asks Christopher many things fo r himself, 2) Christopher calls Pooh ‘ Silly Old Bear’, 3) Rabbit doesn’t acknowledge himself as Rabbit, his own presence, and his friend Pooh’s when he visits him, 4) Pooh visits Rabbit for food and has a will to stay because of it, 5) Pooh is not being honest to Rabbit since the beginning of his stuck at the door, 6) Pooh is not being honest to Rabbit since the beginning of his stuck at the door, 7) Christopher and Rabbit suggest Pooh to avoid eating and let him be for a week, 8) Rabbit uses Pooh’s feet as ‘towel-horse ’ during his stuck, 9) Pooh accuses Owl sneezing several times while Owl insists he is not, 10) Pooh eats honey which supposes to be his and Piglet’s bait to catch heffalump, 11) Piglet chooses to go home because of ashamed on his misidentification on his friend, Pooh, 12) Piglet chooses to go home because of ashamed on his misidentification on his friend, Pooh, 13) Pooh, Piglet and Owl are not aware of Eeyore’s birthday, 14) Pooh eats the honey, which supposes to be Eeyore’s present and changes it into Useful Pot, 15) Piglet breaks balloon, which supposes to be Eeyore’s present and gives it as it, 16) Eeyore doesn’t admit his own birthday in front of Piglet, 17) Rabbit, Pooh, and Piglet have and do their plan to fool Kanga and to kidnap his child, 18) Pooh and Rabbit leave Piglet took by Kanga, 19) Rabbit acts himself is not Rabbit but a friend who will pass Pooh’s message to Rabbit, 20) Piglet copies the Owl’s explanation and turns it into his own, 21) Christopher and friends ignore Roo’s words, and 22) Eeyore’s help is ignored by Pooh and friends.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 458, "width": 485, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The twenty two acts produce untruth friendship because they are exhibited in their characteristics analyzers. The characteristics analyzer is a table analyzer to exhibit 8 Aristotle’s friendship characteristics possessed by the characters in the novel. A check, a cross, or a minus are marked on it to present the existence/presence, non- existence/abstain, or inexistence / unidentified of characteristics and its mutual, similar, and identical. Those table and marks are thought out after exploring the theory of index as a sign needs physical fact and existendal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 560, "width": 485, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the acts with the untruth friendship is a smoke, it needs physical fact as the fire, lighter, and sparks. Aristotle’s 8 characteristics of friendship are taken as the lighter to exhibit the friendship characteristics in the novel. Meanwhile, to spark it, those marks will show the characters without the characteristics. Therefore, the table and its marks are created to that purpose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 635, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research also discovers the marks on the table will be solved by exploring the novel Winnie-the-Pooh . This thought is a smoke-fire which friendship characteristics could be understood and determined by observing the words used to tell characters’ interaction. The inter action comes to the researcher’s mind after reading Biniek’s thesis where the friendship discloses to interaction. It also determines the researcher to create another table which is filled by the interaction. Those interactions consists of several scenes (this term is used in a play script to explain an event but here it is to explain a small interaction or conversation of two characters) which show the words for the characteristics even the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "acts the most. Therefore, an Interactions Index is created. Its function is to disclose which scenes blaze the characteristics to spark the report for the untruth friendship.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 120, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The acts itself are performed by each character but it is produced by some existendal interactions in the novel. The existendal interaction has its causal connection because the researcher discovers its words are spark ing the act. When the words are the spark , it must have a theory behind. The theory has a position as the lighter. The experience of the researcher is the first determiner to the words but Aristotle theory then clarify it. The theory then taking over the whole determiner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 209, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The first determiner of experience does not perform without a basis. This is implemented after exploring the theory of a child’s acts after experiencing her mother in Hoed (2014:3). This theory is used as the hypothesis of the acts.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 256, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Despite 22 acts, this research limits the report into 5 acts explains each over its Characteristics Analyzer and Interactions Index as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 290, "width": 482, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pooh asks Christopher many things for himself. For this act, the characteristics possessed by each man is:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 323, "width": 375, "height": 248, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Characteristics analyzer No Aristotle's friendship characteristics Pooh Christopher Mutual/similar/ identical (Yes/No) 1. Well-Wishing x ✓ No 2. Pleasure x ✓ No 3. Useful x ✓ No 4. Pleasant x ✓ No 5. Virtue ✓ ✓ Yes 6. Respect ✓ ✓ Yes 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 586, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The eight characteristics have been concluded by the index of plot pieces as the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 619, "width": 370, "height": 130, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Interactions Index Num. Scenes Pages 1. \"I wonder if you've got such a thing as a balloon about you?” “A balloon?\" \"Yes, I just said to myself coming along: 'I wonder if Christopher Robin has such a thing as a balloon about him?' I just said it to myself, thinking of balloons, and wondering.\" “What do you want a balloon for?” you said. Winnie-the-Pooh looked around to see that nobody was", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 663, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 406, "top": 64, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 144, "top": 93, "width": 264, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "listening, put his paw to his mouth, and said in a deep whisper: “ Honey!”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 129, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. \"But you don't get honey with balloons!\"", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 141, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\" I do,\" said Pooh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 154, "width": 287, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Well, it just happened that you had been to a party the day before at the house of your friend Piglet, and you had balloons at the party. You had had a big green balloon;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 129, "width": 367, "height": 249, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and one of Rabbit's relations had had a big blue one, and had left it behind, being really too young to go to a party at all; and so you had brought the green one and the blue one home with you. 12-13 3. \"Which one would you like?\" you asked Pooh. He put his head between his paws and thought very carefully. \"It's like this/' he said. \"When you go after honey with a balloon, the great thing is not to let the bees know you're coming. Now, if you have a green balloon, they might think you were only part of the tree, and not notice you, and if you have a blue balloon, they might think you were only part of the sky, and not notice you, and the question is: Which is most likely?\" 13", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 389, "width": 313, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. “Wouldn’t they notice you underneath the balloon?” you", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 404, "width": 35, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "asked.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 415, "width": 277, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“They might or they might not,” said Winnie-the-Pooh. “You never can tell with bees.” He thought for a moment and said: “I shall try to look like a small black cloud. That will deceive them.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 465, "width": 288, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Then you had better have the blue balloon,” you said; and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 391, "width": 310, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "so it was decided. 13", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 503, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. \"Christopher Robin!\"", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 144, "top": 516, "width": 193, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"Yes?\" \"Have you an umbrella in your house?\" \"I think so.\"", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 503, "width": 326, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"I wish you would bring it out here, and walk up and down with it, and look up at me every now and then, and say 'Tut-tut, it looks like rain.' I think, if you did that, it would help the deception which we are practising on these bees.\" 15-16", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 626, "width": 351, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. “Oh, there you are!\" called down Winnie-the-Pooh, as soon as you got back to the tree. \"I was beginning to get anxious. I have discovered that the bees are now definitely Suspicious.\" \"Shall I put my umbrella up?\" you said. \"Yes, but wait a moment. We must be practical. The important bee to deceive is the Queen Bee. Can you see which is the Queen Bee from down there?\" \"No.\" 16", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 741, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 144, "top": 741, "width": 326, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"A pity. Well, now, if you walk up and down with your 16-17", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 144, "top": 93, "width": 287, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "umbrella, saying, 'Tut-tut, it looks like rain,' I shall do what I can by singing a little Cloud Song, such as a cloud might sing. . . . Go!\" So, while you walked up and down and wondered if it would rain, Winnie-the-Pooh sang this song:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 154, "width": 325, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. \"Yes. So I think I shall come down.\" \"How?\" asked you. Winnie-the-Pooh hadn't thought about this. If he let go of the string, he would fall — bump —and", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 192, "width": 263, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "he didn't like the idea of that. So he thought for a long time, and then he said:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 217, "width": 280, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"Christopher Robin, you must shoot the balloon with your gun. Have you got your gun?\" \"Of course I have,\" you said. \"But if I do that, it will spoil the balloon,\" you said. \"But if you don't, \" said Pooh, \"I shall have to let go, and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 154, "width": 310, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "that would spoil me .\" 18", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 485, "height": 75, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The act of table 1 (no 1) is produced by the interaction in the novel. Each scene is a spark or a sign which contains of a reason of producing the act. Table 2 (see the table 2 no 2) sparks or shows Pooh is asking for a balloon for his food: honey. Table 2 sparks Pooh is asking the color to get himself unnoticed by the bee. Table 2 spars Pooh asking for an umbrella, Christopher to use it, and Christopher pretend there is rain to help him unnoticed. Table 2 sparks Pooh is asking Christoper to see Queen Bee for him to deceive the Queen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 376, "width": 485, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "None of table sparks Pooh does the act for his friend nor the sake of the friend. Pooh does not have the lighter ‘well-wishing’ because of that. Those scenes shows Pooh have no pleasure because those sparks have Pooh use his friend’s bear a hand . Those sparks also sparks Pooh do not do good to his friend and create his friend’s welfare . It is a fire to mark a cross too to Pooh’s useful . For the pleasant of Pooh, he is offering and evoking inconvenience on Christopher’s self. Therefore, those characteristics are marked cross and blaze the untruth friendship on the act.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 458, "width": 481, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Rabbit says the one who was eating too much is not him but Pooh. The act leads to characteristics as the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 490, "width": 379, "height": 248, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Characteristics analyzer No Aristotle's friendship characteristics Rabbit Pooh Mutual/similar/ identical(Yes/No) 1. Well-Wishing ✓ - - 2. Pleasure ✓ ✓ Yes 3. Useful ✓ - - 4. Pleasant ✓ ✓ Yes 5. Virtue ✓ - - 6. Respect x ✓ No 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 106, "width": 290, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It has been concluded from the index as the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 126, "width": 375, "height": 104, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Interaction Index of Act Num. indices Pages 1 Aha!\" said Pooh. ( Rum-turn-tiddle-um-turn .) \"If I know anything about anything, that hole means Rabbit,\" he said, \"and Rabbit means Company,\" he said, \"and Company means Food and Listening-to-Me-Humming and such. like. Rum-tum-tum-tiddle-um .” 24", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 244, "width": 345, "height": 109, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. \"Here, give us a paw.\" Pooh Bear stretched out a paw, and Rabbit pulled and pulled and pulled . . .\" Ow !\" cried Pooh. \"You're hurting!\" 28 3. \"It all comes,\" said Rabbit sternly, \"of eating too much. I thought at the time,\" said Rabbit, \"only I didn't like to say anything,\" said Rabbit, \"that one of us was eating too much,\" said Rabbit, \"and I knew it wasn't me ,\" he said. “Well, well, I shall go and fetch Christopher Robin.” 29", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 368, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Theory of friendship crates a check mark except on the characteristics of respect. Its argument is similar to the act 2. Pooh has the disadvantage of eating as justified by Smith (2015: 12) as Binge Eating Disorder. Table Interactions Index 6.3 represents that Rabbit has not been able to accept Pooh's shortcoming. Therefore, his respect is crossed. On Pooh’s, the theory creates 3 miscellaneous marks on well-wishing, pleasure, or virtue because none of them indicated that Pooh had these three things on this occasion.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 455, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pooh eats honey, which supposes to be his and Piglet’s bait to catch heffalump.The act inspires the character as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 488, "width": 371, "height": 248, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. The act inspires the character Num. Aristotle's friendship characteristics Pooh Piglet Mutual/similar/ identical(Yes/No) 1. Well-Wishing x ✓ No 2. Pleasure x ✓ No 3. Useful x ✓ No 4. Pleasant ✓ ✓ Yes 5. Virtue ✓ ✓ Yes 6. Respect ✓ ✓ Yes 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 277, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The ideas have been lined from the following index:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 106, "width": 375, "height": 79, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Interaction in the Novel No Interaction in the Novel Pages 1. ...\"I remember my uncle saying once that he had seen cheese just this colour.\" So he put his tongue in, and took a large lick... 62", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 199, "width": 372, "height": 222, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. ...\"it is. No doubt about that. And honey, I should say, right down to the bottom of the jar. Unless, of course,\" he said, \"somebody put cheese in at the bottom just for a joke. Perhaps I had better go a little further . . . just in case . . . in case Heffalumps don't like cheese . . same as me. Ah!... 62 3. Having made certain of this, he took the jar back to Piglet, and Piglet looked up from the bottom of his Very Deep Pit, and said \"Got it?\" and Pooh said, \"Yes, but it isn't quite a full jar,\" and he threw it down to Piglet, and Piglet said, \"No, it isn't! Is that all you've got left?\" and Pooh said \"Yes.\" Because it was... 62-63 4. ….when the five hundred and eighty-seventh Heffalump was licking its jaws, and saying to itself, \"Very good honey this, I don't know when I've tasted better,\" Pooh could bear it no longer. He jumped out of bed, he ran out of the house, and he ran straight to the Six Pine Trees. 65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 434, "width": 356, "height": 122, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. But as he got nearer to it his nose told him that it was indeed honey, and his tongue came out and began to polish up his mouth, ready for it. \"Bother!\" said Pooh, as he got his nose inside the jar. \"A Heffalump has been eating it!\" And then he thought a little and said, \"Oh, no, I did. I forgot.\" 66 6. Indeed, he had eaten most of it. But there was a little left at the very bottom of the jar, and he pushed his head right in, and began to lick. 66", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results presented in this act are crosses on well-wishing, pleasure, and useful. An offender that makes this out of equilibrium is the Pooh character. Pooh gets a cross on well-wishing because he eats the honey which supposes to be a present. It is caused by his focus on himself as indicated in the analyzer 10.1-2. The cross on the pleasure is made based on the 10.2 where Pooh does not keep the honey he brings with a feeling of pleasure. Therefore, he also denotes an attitude which is contrary to the theory of useful.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 659, "width": 481, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pooh eats the honey, which supposes to be Eeyore’s present and changes it into Useful Pot. The act has concluded characteristics as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 692, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 7. Characteristics analyzer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 712, "width": 371, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Num. Aristotle's friendship characteristics Pooh Eeyore Mutual/similar/ identical(Yes/No)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 406, "top": 64, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 105, "top": 90, "width": 306, "height": 194, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Well-Wishing ✓ ✓ Yes 2. Pleasure ✓ ✓ yes 3. Useful ✓ ✓ Yes 4. Pleasant x ✓ No 5. Virtue ✓ ✓ Yes 6. Respect x ✓ No 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 299, "width": 342, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The characteristics have been referred from the following index:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 318, "width": 390, "height": 209, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 8. Interactions Index No Interaction in the Novel Pages 1. ...\"Now then, Pooh, time for a little something.\" \"Dear, dear\" said Pooh, \"I didn't know it was as late as that.\" So he sat down and took the top off his jar of honey. \"Lucky I brought this with me,\" he thought. \"Many a bear going out on a warm day like this would never have thought of bringing a little something with him.\" And he began to eat. 79-80 2. \"Now let me see,\" he thought, as he took his last lick of the inside of the jar, \"where was I going? Ah, yes, Eeyore.\" He got up slowly. And then, suddenly, he remembered. He had eaten Eeyore's present! \" Bother !\" said Pooh. \"What shall I", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 475, "width": 343, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "do? I must give him something .\" 80", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 561, "width": 315, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. \"I've brought you a little present,\" said Pooh excitedly.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 131, "top": 581, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"I've had it,\" said Eeyore.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 104, "top": 561, "width": 370, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pooh had now splashed across the stream to Eeyore, and Piglet was sitting a little way off, his head in his paws, snuffling to himself. \"It's a Useful Pot,\" said Pooh. ... 88 4. When Eeyore saw the pot, he became quite excited. \"Why!\" he said. \"I believe my Balloon will just go into that Pot!\" \"Oh, no, Eeyore,\" said Pooh. \"Balloons are much too big to go into Pots. What you do with a balloon is, you hold the balloon —\" \"Not mine,\" said Eeyore proudly.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 457, "top": 659, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 99, "width": 370, "height": 92, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. \"Look, Piglet!\" And as Piglet looked sorrowfully round, Eeyore picked the balloon up with his teeth, and placed it carefully in the pot; picked it out and put it on the ground; and then picked it up again and put it carefully back. \"So it does!\" said Pooh. \"It goes in!\" \"So it does!\" said Piglet. \"And it comes out!\" 88", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 210, "width": 343, "height": 65, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. \"Doesn't it?\" said Eeyore. \"It goes in and out like anything.\" \"I'm very glad,\" said Pooh happily, \"that I thought of giving you a Useful Pot to put things in.\" \"I'm very glad,\" said Piglet happily, \"that I thought of", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 284, "width": 240, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "giving you Something to put in a Useful Pot.\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 457, "top": 210, "width": 34, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88-89", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 309, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this result, the untruth of friendship is only shown in terms of pleasant and respect. Both cross were contributed by Pooh character. This happens because Interactions Index Table 14.1-2 is indicated that Pooh is once again focused on his Binge Eating Disorder. Even so, Eeyore is noted a check mark because the 14.4 presents a sign that Eeyore is still happy on his present. As for the other characteristics, both characters get a check mark because Pooh still gives the present and Eeyore shows signs that meet the definition of the theory.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 412, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 432, "width": 485, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As well as the acts, this research discovers advice. This research reports it will benefits for humanity. It is: if you are hungry, the key will be you and your mental. you must hold your kindness. This advice is produced by the index of some acts with the untruth friendship from the novel. They are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 493, "width": 388, "height": 188, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 9. Index of Act No Action of Characters Point 1. Pooh asks Christopher things for himself. 1 3. Rabbit says the one who was eating too much is not him but Pooh. 6 4. Pooh eats honey, which supposes to be his and Piglet’s bait to catch heffalump. 10 5. Pooh eats honey, which supposes to be Eeyore’s birthday. 14", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 715, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Index of Act 4 acts are indicated as a contribution to solve the problem of hunger be cause of Pooh’s behavior in act presents that in a state of hunger, the best thing should be required by someone is to drive a friend share his bread. This demeanour does not", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "destroy a friendship in its entirety because some characteristics such as pleasant, respect, trust, and loving are existence to hold the relationship on. However, a note creates along within. These acts direct a person to calm himself down and keep going albeit he is being questioned in his action. The person should not be ashamed of this because he is the one who needs the bread. If the feeling hit his head as act 1.3, 1.2 offers a solution that he needs is only to behave himself.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 175, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The advice of this act 1 is not aimed at the person who will give goodness in the form of help to someone who is starving. However, this advice is only for those who are feeling hunger. The state of Pooh as a character with Binge Eating Disorder disease that always lead him to feel a food, in this research, still shows that it is a form of a hungry person. The advice to the hungry person is allowed based on the signs found in the novel. However, this advice with the note that the hungry person must have an attitude that brings good feelings and desires for his helpers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 278, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 295, "width": 485, "height": 124, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The ‘friendship’ which is entitled to Winnie-the-Pooh is untrue. It means that the friendship is unreal because of 4 acts which is performed by two characters, Pooh and Rabbit. Pooh’s acts as well as Rabbit’s, according to Aristotle theory, have eliminated some characteristics of fr iendship. Pooh’s act in asking Christopher things for himself, for instance, it produces their friendship does not have well-wishing, pleasure, useful, and pleasant . Although that, it keeps virtue, respect, trust, and loving . Therefore, his act produces an advice which will be useful for humanity about starvation. It is you may have your friend feed you, tell your friend he was eating too much, have yourself eat the honey which is supposed to be a bait or present.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 448, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 468, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aristoteles, & F. H. PETERS. (1920). The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle . Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 501, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atkin, A. (2005). Peirce on the Index and Indexical Reference. Transactions of the Charles S. 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456e9caf-5f5c-eb07-d7fc-f002a9bd8727	https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/pantura/index.php/alhikmah/article/download/3504/2560	[ { "left": 142, "top": 71, "width": 421, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020 p-ISSN: 2088-2556 e-ISSN: 2502-6100", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 85, "width": 326, "height": 83, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 198, "width": 427, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Quran dan Keautentikannya; Kajian tentang Rasm Al-Qur’an dalam Mushaf Uthmani Herfin Fahri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 236, "width": 394, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Storytelling : Alternatif Media untuk Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter pada Siswa Arif Syamsurrijal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 279, "width": 434, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemikiran Pendidikan Muhammad Atthiyah Al-Abrasyi dan Relevansinya dengan Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia M. 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S.Pd., M.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 247, "top": 515, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ag", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 208, "top": 541, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pencermatan Paradigma Nilai-Nilai Luhur Islam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 553, "width": 223, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Tata Hidup Bermasyarakat dan Bemegara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 267, "top": 566, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. H. Muslich, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 591, "width": 236, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peranan Potensi Kreatifitas Mental Dalam Meningkatkan Argumentasi Berfikir Rasional Drs. KH. Ahmad Lazim, M .Pd", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 642, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dialog Fiqh dan Tasawuf Di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 654, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achmad Faqeh, M.HI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 184, "width": 375, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Quran dan Keautentikannya; Kajian tentang Rasm Al-Qur’an dalam Mushaf Uthmani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 212, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herfin Fahri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 147, "top": 234, "width": 375, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Storytelling : Alternatif Media untuk Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter pada Siswa Arif Syamsurrijal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 289, "width": 375, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemikiran Pendidikan Muhammad Atthiyah Al-Abrasyi dan Relevansinya dengan Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia M. Thoyyib", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 343, "width": 337, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problematika Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Tafsir dan Hadis Tarbawi di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam di Surabaya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 370, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Yusam Thobroni dan Zaini Tamin AR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 397, "width": 327, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Melalui Supervisi Kepala Madrasah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 411, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Muzakki dan Lailatul Badriyah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 438, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Disiplin Ilmu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 452, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Joko Hadi Purnomo", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 479, "width": 375, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Membangun Moral Bangsa Perspektif Al-Qur’an", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 507, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ardi Andika Wadi dan Ali Hendri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 534, "width": 375, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Upaya Guru Dalam Pembentukan Akhlak Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kota Batu Ibrahim Maulana Syahid Nur A’la, M. Hanif; dan Ika Anggraheni", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 587, "width": 375, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Pembelajaran Qur’an Hadits Dengan Flipped Learning Untuk Siswa Kelas V MI Wali Songo Annur Wadung Tuban", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 618, "width": 213, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Yusuf dan Husniyatus Salamah Zainyati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 646, "width": 375, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teacher's Interest In Using Media Technology In Madrasah Diniyah Miftahussa'adah Mojoagung Jombang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 674, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Muhsin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 708, "width": 354, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LPPM Institut Agama Islam Al-Hikmah Tuban Jl. PP. Al Hikmah Binangun Singgahan Tuban Jawa Timur 62361 Telp. (0356) 7033241. E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 43, "width": 219, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 43, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p- ISSN: 2088-2556 e-ISSN: 2502-6100", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 780, "width": 408, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 90, "width": 340, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 327, "width": 234, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Dan Taqwa Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Prof. Dr. KH. Achmad Mudlor, SH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 364, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menelusuri Iman Manusia Drs. HM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 377, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminul Wahib, MM", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 402, "width": 253, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Orientasi Sistem Berpikir Dalam Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. H. Abu Azam Al-Hadi, MM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 440, "width": 147, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengenal Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. Akhmad Najikh, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 490, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Islam dan Etos Kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 214, "top": 503, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. Ahmad Sodikin. S.Pd., M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 528, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pencermatan Paradigma Nilai-Nilai Luhur Islam Dalam Tata Hidup Bermasyarakat dan Bemegara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 553, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. H. Muslich, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 578, "width": 236, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peranan Potensi Kreatifitas Mental Dalam Meningkatkan Argumentasi Berfikir Rasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 604, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. KH. Ahmad Lazim, M .Pd", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 629, "width": 163, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dialog Fiqh dan Tasawuf Di Indonesia Achmad Faqeh, M.HI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 206, "width": 457, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah Jurnal yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun, yaitu bulan Maret dan September, berisi kajian-kajian keislaman baik dalam bidang pendidikan, hukum, politik, ekonomi, sosial, maupun budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 283, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketua Penyunting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 297, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Aziz", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 234, "top": 324, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wakil Ketua Penyunting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 238, "top": 338, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Niswatin Nurul Hidayati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 366, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyunting Pelaksana", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 379, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vita Vitriyatul Ulya, Nur Lailatul Fitri, Mujib Ridwan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 407, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyunting Ahli", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 200, "top": 421, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muwahid (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 175, "top": 434, "width": 248, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Suyuthi (Universitas Islam Lamongan) Abu Azam Al Hadi (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 462, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kasuwi Saiban (Universitas Merdeka Malang)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 476, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Fuadi (IAIN Tulungagung) M. Asror Yusuf (STAIN Kediri)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 268, "top": 517, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tata Usaha", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 531, "width": 369, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zainal Abidin, Edy Kisyanto, Agus Purnomo, Kumbi Hartono, Tatang Aulia Rahman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alamat Penyunting dan Tata Usaha: LPPM Institut Agama Islam Al-Hikmah Tuban Jl. PP. Al Hikmah Binangun Singgahan Tuban Jawa Timur 62361 Telp. (0356) 7033241. e- mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyunting menerima tulisan yang belum pernah diterbitkan oleh media cetak lain. Naskah diketik dengan spasi 1,5 cm pada ukuran A4 dengan panjang tulisan antara 20-25 halaman (ketentuan tulisan secara detail dapat dilihat pada halaman sampul belakang). Naskah yang masuk dievaluasi oleh dewan peyunting. Penyunting dapat melakukan perubahan pada tulisan yang dimuat untuk keseragaman format, tanpa mengubah maksud dan isinya .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 337, "top": 43, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2088-2556 e-ISSN: 2502-6100", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 796, "width": 340, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 150, "top": 92, "width": 340, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 290, "width": 255, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Dan Taqwa Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Prof. Dr. KH. Achmad Mudlor, SH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 328, "width": 161, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menelusuri Iman Manusia Drs. HM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 340, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminul Wahib, MM", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 164, "top": 365, "width": 253, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Orientasi Sistem Berpikir Dalam Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. H. Abu Azam Al-Hadi, MM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 403, "width": 146, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengenal Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. Akhmad Najikh, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 453, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Islam dan Etos Kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 466, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. Ahmad Sodikin. S.Pd., M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 491, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pencermatan Paradigma Nilai-Nilai Luhur Islam Dalam Tata Hidup Bermasyarakat dan Bemegara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 516, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. H. Muslich, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 542, "width": 236, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peranan Potensi Kreatifitas Mental Dalam Meningkatkan Argumentasi Berfikir Rasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 567, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. KH. Ahmad Lazim, M .Pd", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 592, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dialog Fiqh dan Tasawuf Di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 244, "top": 605, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achmad Faqeh, M.HI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 206, "width": 87, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR ISI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herfin Fahri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 463, "height": 485, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Quran dan Keautentikannya; Kajian tentang Rasm Al- Qur’an dalam Mushaf Uthmani 141-154 Arif Syamsurrijal Storytelling : Alternatif Media untuk Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter pada Siswa 155-165 M. Thoyyib Pemikiran Pendidikan Muhammad Atthiyah Al-Abrasyi dan Relevansinya dengan Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia 166-181 Ahmad Yusam Thobroni dan Zaini Tamin AR Problematika Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Tafsir dan Hadis Tarbawi di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam di Surabaya 182-196 Ahmad Muzakki dan Lailatul Badriyah Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Melalui Supervisi Kepala Madrasah 197-207 Joko Hadi Purnomo Pengembangan Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Disiplin Ilmu 208-216 Ardi Andika Wadi dan Ali Hendri Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Membangun Moral Bangsa Perspektif Al-Qur’an 217-229 Ibrahim Maulana Syahid Nur A’la, M. Hanif; dan Ika Anggraheni Upaya Guru Dalam Pembentukan Akhlak Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kota Batu 230-240 Ali Yusuf dan Husniyatus Salamah Zainyati Pengembangan Pembelajaran Qur’an Hadits Dengan Flipped Learning Untuk Siswa Kelas V MI Wali Songo Annur Wadung Tuban 241-250 Ali Muhsin Teacher's Interest In Using Media Technology In Madrasah Diniyah Miftahussa'adah Mojoagung Jombang 251-258", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 346, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 74, "width": 396, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU MELALUI SUPERVISI KEPALA MADRASAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 114, "width": 212, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad Muzakki 1 dan Lailatul Badriyah 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 143, "width": 421, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract : The research in this article aims to qualitatively explain how the supervision of madrasah principals, in the supervision of madrasah principals, there are several aspects that need to be considered, namely: the supervision program compiled by the head of madrasah, the principles of supervision applied by the head of the madrasah, the approach used by the head of the madrasah in conducting supervision, evaluation by the head of the madrasah after conducting supervision and the head of the madrasah follows up on the results of his supervision. In this article, we will describe how the supervisory process is carried out by the head of madrasah in order to improve teacher competence. In writing this article, it can show the role of the principal as follows: a supervision program consisting of goals, schedule objectives and instruments made by the head of the madrasah, the principal must be cooperative, humanist and sustainable, and collaborative principles.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 308, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Teacher Competency Improvement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak lahir hingga dewasa, manusia terus mengalami perubahan, baik itu pertumbuhan maupun perkembangan yang dialaminya. Sebagai makhluk hidup yang dikaruniai akal oleh sang pencipta, manusia secara dinamis terus mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, pertumbuhan secara fisik dan perkembangan secara psikologi. Perkembangan yang dialami manusia berupa potensi yang dimiliki baik bawaan sejak lahir maupun potensi yang terlatih. Potensi yang dimiliki manusia memiliki kesemoatan besar untuk dikembangkan melalui proses pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepribadian dan watak termasuk nilai-niai humanisme yang diwariskan melalui proses pendidikan. Pada dasarnyanya kebutuhan utama manusia adalah pendidikan, karena sifat humanism yang menuntun manusia melalui pendidikan. 3 Manusia hidup di dunia secara alami mengalami banyak problem , challenge dan tuntutan. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyaknya tuntutan manusia. Pendidikan yang mana menjadi peran penting bagi manusia untuk bias hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat dalam menghadapi berbagai masalah dan tuntutan, sebab dengan pendidikan permasalahan manusia akan lebih mudah diatasi. Seiring zaman yang semakin maju, pembelajaran yang baik, dapat dicapai dari adanya sistem pendidikan yang bermutu. Pendidikan yang bermutu dapay dilihat dari aspek pengajarnya dalam hal ini adalah seorang guru, guru yang bermutu adalah guru yang professional, kompeten dalam bidangnya, kompeten dalam bidangnya ditandai dengan proses pendidikan yang ditempuh dengan bidang studi yang diajarkan linier, meskipun tidak sedikit guru yang berkompeten secara pendidikan dan bidang studi yang ajarkan tidak linier, karena faktor pembinaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 456, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru yang berinteraksi secara langsung dengan siswa, maka guru memiliki peran yang strategis dalam mencetak kader yang bermutu dan kompeten. Oleh karena itu, peran kepala madrasah dalam mengelola lembaga pendidikan juga penting. Karena kepala madrasah selain mengelola SDA yang ada dilembaga, juga mengelola SDM yakni guru. Dalam mengelola guru hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah bagaimana kepala madrasah menciptakan atmosfer lembaga dan budaya kerja yang kondusif, serta melakukan pengawasan terhadap guru dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 730, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 742, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 753, "width": 306, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Teguh Triwiyanto, Pengantar Pendidikan (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2014).1.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "198", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "proses pembelajaran. Selain itu, kepala madrasah juga harus melakukan evaluasi dalam proses pengawas kinerja guru, serta tindak lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah inilah yang disebut dengan supervisi. Meskipun pada dasarnya supervisi meliputi pengawasan, penilaian, evaluasi dan tindak lanjut. Dengan melakukan supervisi, kepala madrasah dapat menjamin kualitas kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran dan profesionalisme guru. Kepala madrasah yang dalam hal ini berperan sebagai orang yang mensupervisi (supervisor) menjadi perhatian utama bagi guru- guru yang lain, karena kemampuan seorang supervisor akan menjadi cerminan bagi semua guru. 4 Oleh karena itu, kepala madrasah harus memiliki kemampuan atau kompetensi lebih dari gurunya. Sehingga peningkatan kinerja guru selain melalui proses supervisi, juga melalui cerminan dari kepala madrasah. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 456, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seorang guru dalam melaksanakan tugas mengajar, sanagt memerlukan supervisi, supervisi ini bermaksud agar seorang guru mengetahui secara jelas apa pekerjaan dan tujuan dalam mendidik siswanya. Selain itu, guru juga harus memiliki kompetensi tentang mata pelajaran yang diajarkan, tujuan dari pembelajaran serta tugas yang lainnya. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sahertian berpendapat bahwa supervisi adalah upaya yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah dalam memenajamen yakni merencanakan, mengorganisasikan, mengkoordinasi secara berkesinambungan dan memibna guru secara berlanjut. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala madrasah (dalam hal ini supervisor) melakukan pengawasan, penilaian dan pencatatan yang didapat dari guru selama proses pembelajaran, baik secara kuantitatif ataupun secara deskirptif kualitatif, baik yang berhubungan secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung dengan proses pembelajaran. 8 Data yang didapat oleh kepala madrasah dari proses supervisi, akan menjadi dasar pengambilan kebijakan serta tindak lanjut terhadap guru yang disupervisi dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang didapat melalui proses supervisi, akan dianalisis oleh kepala madrasah untuk mengetahui apa saja kesulitan dan kendala yang dialami guru selama proses pembelajaran di kelas, serta bagaimana solusi bagi guru dapat mengatasi kesulitan dan kendala yang dialaminya, agar pembelajaran dapat berjalan secara efektif dan efisien. 9 Hal yang perlu ditekankan adalah tujuan dari adanya supervise kepala madrasah adalah untuk menemukan, menganalisis kesulitan dan kendala yang dialami guru dam proses pembelajaran, agar kepala madrasah dapat menentukan solusi agi guru yang disupervisi agar dalam pembelajaran guru dapat mengajar dengan mudah dan efektif demi hasil belajar yang maksimal. Tujuan supervisi bukan untuk mencari-cari kesalahan dan kelemahan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 545, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai kinerja guru, untuk lebih jelasnya perlu diuraikan satu persatu secara utuh. Guru disini adalah seorang pendidik, yang mendidik serta membimbing siswa. Selain itu, guru juga seseorang yang mengkondisikan ruang belajar, suasana belajar yang kondusif dan fasilitator yang mampu meberikan ruang kepada siswa untuk dapat mengeksplor segala kreatifitas, inovasi dan mengembangkan kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh siswa. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 627, "width": 417, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Ibrahim Bafadal, Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru Sekolah Dasar (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2006).66.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 638, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Tia Ayu Ningrum Sufyarma Marsidin, Elizar Ramli, “Pembinaan Kompetensi Manajerial Dan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah,” Jurnal Halaqah 1, no. 4 (2019): 427–432.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 661, "width": 463, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Mulyawan Safwandy Nugraha, “Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Oleh Kepala Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Di Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat,” Nadwa 9, no. 1 (2014): 39.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 684, "width": 392, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 E Mulyasa, Manajemen Dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2012).239.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 463, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Ahmad Maulid, Kepala Madrasah, and Aliyah Ma ’arif As-Sa ’adiyah Payakumbuh, “Pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Dan Pengembangan Tenaga Pendidik Terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota” 1, no. 2 (2016): 89–98.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 730, "width": 454, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Sahertian dan Frans Mataheru, Prinsip Dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan (Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 1981).31.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 742, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Rusman, Model-Model Pembelajaran Mengembangkan Profesionalisme Guru (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014).19.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa komponen penting yang menjadi dasar kualitas sebuah pendidikan adalah seorang guru. Oleh karena itu, komopetensi seorang guru dalam mengajar harus didukung oleh semua aspek pendidikan demi tercapainya kinerja yang baik. 11 Dari hasil paparan diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa seorang guru yang memberikan arahan serta mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta nilai-nilai moral yang baik untuk masa yang akan datang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 457, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Performance dalam arti bahasa indonesia berarti menampilkan, sesutau yang ditampilkan yakni berupa etos kerja atau bisa disebut juga dengan kinerja. Kinerja adalah sebuha capaian dan kinerja dapat dilihat dari kemampuan kerja. 12 Prosfesionalisme, kemampuan bersosial dan kemampuan personal menjadi ukuran capaian kinerja guru secara konseptual. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Prawirosentono, menjelaskan bahwa kinerja merupakan capaian seseorang dalam suatu organisasi/lembaga, yang sesuai dengan wewenang serta tanggung jawab yang diamanahkan demi tercapainya suatu tujuan organisasi/lembaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 283, "width": 456, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarpak pendapat dari para ahli diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja guru merupakan suatu kemampuan guru dalam memanajerial proses pembelajaran yang meliputi perencanaan pembelajaran, pengalokasian waktu, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, penilaian dan evaluasi proses pembelajaran. Dalam kinerja guru, kompetensi pedagogik, kepribadian dan profesionalisme dan sosial adalah empat kompetensi dasar yang harus dimiliki seorang guru, untuk menunjang kinerjanya. Selain itu. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 380, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meotde penulisan merupakan kerangka berpikir yang memberikan petunjuk mengenai pokok-pokok gagasan yang akan dibahas. Untuk memudahkan pembaca dalam memahami artikel ini. Maka penulis akan membaginya kedalam beberapa bagian, yaitu pada bagian awal, bagian kedua dan bagian terakhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arikel ini ditulis dalam bentuk uraian diskirpsi kualitatif yang berasal dari dasar teori yang telah dikemukakan oleh para ahli serta gagasan dari penulis itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu dalam penulisan artikel ini tidak menggunakan metode riset lapangan dan tidak menyertakan hasil wawancara dengan pihak terkait.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 504, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas dalam artikel ini, maka perlu dikemukakan pokok permasalahan yang disusun dengan sistematika sebagai berikut: Pada bagian awal berisi abstrak yaitu gambaran artikel, selanjutnya yaitu Pendauluan yang berisi paparan teori tentang kinerja guru, supervisi kepala madrasah serta pengaruh antara keduanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 559, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagian kedua yaitu pembahasan, yang meliputi gagasan pokok pikiran penulis tentang judul yang diangkat, yakni tentang peningkatan kinerja guru melalui supervisi kepala madrasah. Dalam pembahasan ini, akan dijelaskan lebih dalam pengaruh antara peningkatan kinerja guru dengan supervisi kepala madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya bagian akhir adalah paparan kesimpulan dari keseluruhan artikel ini, dibagian ini juga akan dikemukakan daftar referensi yang menjadi dasar teori yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 673, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Ahmad Susanto, Manajemen Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Konsep Strategi, Dan Implementasi (Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup, 2016).139.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 462, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Chandra Febriansyah; Lukmansyah, Dian; Hartanto, Rudi; Kurniawan, “Mewujudkan Sumber Daya Manusia Yang Profesional Dalam Kompetensi Global,” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan (2016): 570–577.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Nasrun Nasrun, “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Dan Kinerja Guru,” Ilmu Pendidikan: Jurnal Kajian Teori dan Praktik Kependidikan 1, no. 2 (2016): 63–70.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 742, "width": 462, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Moh. Rahmad, “Kontribusi Supervisi Kepala Madrasah Terhadap Kompetensi Guru Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jakarta” 1, no. 2 (2016): 96–107.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipaparkan. Pada bagian dari akhir artikel ini meliputi daftar pustaka, lampiran-lampiran dan daftar riwayat hidup penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 457, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan kunci untuk meningkatkan sumber daya manusia Indonesia yang unggul. Dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 tahun 2007 menjelaskan bahwa seorang kepala Madarsah diangkat berdasarkan kualifikasi yang diteteapkan oleh Standar Nasional. 15 Dalam kualifikasi umum kepala Madrasah adalah sebagai berikut : memiliki kualifikasi akademik Sarjana (S1) atau Diploma (D-IV) kependidikan atau non-kependidikan pada perguruan tinggi yang terakreditasi, pada waktu diangkat sebagai kepala madrasah berusia setinggi-tingginya 56 tahun, memiliki pengalaman mengajar sekurang-kurangnya 5 tahun menurut jenjang sekolah masing-masing kecuali di Taman Kanak-kanak atau Raudhatul Athfal memiliki pengalamna mengajar sekurang- kurangnya 3 tahun di TK/RA dan memiliki pangkat serendah-rendahnya III/C bagi pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) dan non-PNS disetarakan dengan kepangkatan yang dikeluarkan oleh Yayasan atau lembaga yang berwenang. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 283, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam dimensi kompetensi kepala madrasah diantaranya ada dimensi Kepribadian, Manajerial, Kewirausahaan, Supervisi dan Sosial. Pada artikel ini membahas tentang Supervisi Kepala Madrasah yang mana dalam merencanakan program supervisi akademik dalam rangka peningkatan profesionalisme guru kemudian dalam melaksanakan supervisi akademik terhadap guru dengan menggunakan pendekatan dan teknik supervisi yang tepat serta menindaklanjuti hasil supervisi akademik terhadap guru dalam rangka peningkatan profesionalisme guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 379, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No 19 tahun 2005 pasal 56 menyatakan bahwa pemantauan dilakukan oleh pimpinan satuan pendidikan dan komite sekolah/madrasah atau bentuk lain dari lembaga perwakilan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan secara teratur dan berkesinambungan untuk menilai efisiensi, efektivitas, dan akuntabilitas satuan pendidikan. 17 Supervisor yang efektif adalah kepala madrasah yang baik. Kepala madrasah merupakan center of leader dalam membantu efektivitas belajar mengajar, sebagaimana kita ketahui bahwa kepala madrasah sebagai pemimpin pendidikan mempunyai peranan yang besar dalam keberhasilan lembaga pendidikan. Kepala madrasah berperan memandu, menuntun, membimbing, membangun dan memberi motivasi kerja, menjalin jaringan komunikasi yang baik, memberikan supervisi atau pengawasan yang efisien dengan ketentuan waktu dan perencanaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala Madrasah sebagai seorang supervisor mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah serta mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting terhadap perkembangan dan kemajuan sekolah. Oleh karena itu, kepala Madrasah harus melakukan supervisi secara baik dan benar sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip dan teknik serta pendekatan yang tepat. Pembinaan-pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh kepala Madrasah kepada guru dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan dedikasi guru dalam pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 628, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas seorang supervisor adalah membantu, mendorong dan memberikan keyakinan kepada guru bahwa proses belajar mengajar dapat memberikan pengembangan berbagai pengalaman, pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan guru serta proses belajar mengajar yang dilakukan oleh guru tersebut harus dibantu secara profesional sehingga guru dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 409, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Lee and Kim, Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia , 67, no. 6 (2007): 14–21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 730, "width": 453, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Lee and Kim, Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia , 67, no. 6 (2007): 14–21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 742, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Asmendri. Teori dan Aplikasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah dan Madrasah. (Batusangkar: STAIN Batusangkar Press, 2012).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkembang dalam pekerjaannya yaitu untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi proses belajar mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor kecakapan dan keahlian kepala madrasah itu sendiri adalah yang terpenting. Bagaimanapun baiknya situasi dan kondisi yang tersedia, jika kepala madrasah itu sendiri tidak mempunyai kecakapan dan keahlian yang diperlukan, semuanya tidak akan ada artinya. Sebaliknya, adanya keahlian dan kecakapan yang dimiliki oleh kepala sekolah, segala kekurangan yang ada akan menjadi stimulant yang mendorong untuk selalu berusaha memperbaiki dan menyempurnakannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fungsi kepala Madrasah sebagai supervisor dalam kegiatan atau usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh kepala Madrasah sebagaimana fungsinya sebagai seorang supervisor menurut Purwanto antara lain: 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Membangkitkan dan merangsang para guru dan pegawai sekolah didalam menjalankan tugasnya masing-masing dengan sebaik-baiknya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Berusaha mengadakan dan melengkapi alat-alat perlengkapan sekolah termasuk media instruksional yang diperlukan bagi kelancaran dan keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Bersama para guru berusaha mengembangkan, mencari dan menggunakan metode-metode mengajar yang lebih sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang sedang berlaku.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 435, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Membina kerjasama yang baik dan harmonis diantara para guru dan pegawai lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Berusaha mempertinggi mutu dan pengetahuan para guru dan pegawai sekolah, antar lain dengan mengadakan diskusi kelompok, menyediakan perpustakaan sekolah dan atau mengirim mereka untuk mengikuti penataran-penataran, seminar sesuai dengan bidangnya masing-masing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Membina hubungan kerjasama antara sekolah, komite sekolah dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan para siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 456, "height": 121, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja mengajar guru di sekolah adalah supervisi. Menurut Engkoswara dan Komariah menyebutkan bahwa supervisi dapat berarti pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh orang yang ahli/profesional dalam bidangnya sehingga dapat memberikan perbaikan dan peningkatan/pembinaan agar pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan baik dan berkualitas. 19 Kepala madrasah sebagai pimpinan langsung di sekolah, tentunya sangat mengetahui situasi dan kondisi sekolah yang sebenarnya. Selain itu, kepala madrasah juga mengetahui kekurangan dan kelebihan para guru. Oleh karena itu, kepala madrasah mempunyai kewajiban untuk melakukan supervisi terhadap para guru yang berada di sekolahnya tanpa terkecuali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 545, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam buku materi pelatihan penguatan kemampuan kepala madrasah disebutkan bahwa agar efektif supervisi pendidikan harus dilakukan secara: 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 299, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Praktis, artinya mudah dikerjakan sesuai kondisi sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 586, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sistematis, artinya dikembangan sesuai perencanaan program supervisi yang matang dan tujuan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Objektif, artinya masukan sesuai aspek-aspek instrumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 628, "width": 280, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Realistis, artinya berdasarkan kenyataan sebenarnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 435, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Antisipatif, artinya mampu menghadapi masalah-masalah yang mungkin akan terjadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 655, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Konstruktif, artinya mengembangkan kreativitas dan inovasi guru dalam mengembangkan proses pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Ibid, 119.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 707, "width": 372, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Engkoswara dan Komariah, A. Administrasi Pendidikan . (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011). 229.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 463, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Surya Dharma, Supervisi Akademik....., Ibid. 8. Prinsip supervisi pendidikan yang sama juga dijelaskan dalam buku Supervisi Akademik Implementasi Kurikulum 2013, (Jakarta: Pusat Pengembangan Tenaga Kependidikan badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pendidikan dan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2014), 4.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "202", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Kooperatif, artinya ada kerja sama yang baik antara supervisor dan guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Kekeluargaan, artinya mempertimbangkan saling asah, asih, dan asuh dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 145, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i. Demokratis, artinya supervisor tidak boleh mendominasi pelaksanaan supervisi akademik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "j. Aktif, artinya guru dan supervisor harus aktif berpartisipasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "k. Humanis, artinya mampu menciptakan hubungan kemanusiaan yang harmonis, terbuka, jujur, ajeg, sabar, antusias, dan penuh humor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 214, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l. Berkesinambungan (supervisi akademik dilakukan secara teratur dan berkelanjutan oleh Kepala sekolah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 326, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "m. Terpadu, artinya menyatu dengan dengan program pendidikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 384, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "n. Komprehensif, artinya memenuhi ketiga tujuan supervisi akademik di atas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi kepala Madrasah sangatlah penting untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kinerja mengajar guru. Seorang kepala madrasah harus benar-benar memahami dan melaksanakan fungsi supervisi dengan benar dan tepat di sekolah yang dia pimpin. Dalam fungsi supervisi pendidikan adalah sebagai berikut: 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Fungsi penelitian (Research) bahwa supervisor tidak bekerja atas prasangka, tetapi menempuh prosedur yang tepat seperti merumuskan dulu masalah apa yang dihadapi personil, mengumpulkan data untuk mendapat informasi yang valid tentang suatu permasalahan yang bersangkut paut dengan masalah itu, pengolahan data, penarikan kesimpulan, sebagai bahan untuk mengambil keputusan tentang suatu permasalahan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Fungsi Penilaian (Evaluation) kesimpulan hasil penelitian dijadikan bahan evaluasi apakah objek penelitian tersebut memiliki kekuatan, kelemahan, dan menemukan solusi yang tepat untuk memutuskan suatu masalah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 435, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fungsi Perbaikan (Improvement) apabila hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kekurangan-kekurangan yang harus segera ditangani, maka supervisor melakukan langkah-langkah strategis dan operasional sebagai upaya melakukan perbaikanperbaikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Fungsi Pengembangan (Development) dua kondisi yang dihadapi supervisor adalah kekurangan-kekurangan dan prestasi yang dimiliki personil. Kekurangannya dilakukan perbaikan dan prestasi yang ditunjukan guru perlu mendapat pengakuan dan pengembangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah yaitu untuk meningkatkan kompetensi para guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, sehingga diharapkan dapat memenuhi misi pengajaran yang diembannya atau misi pendidikan nasional dalam lingkup yang lebih luas. Sebagaimana yang kita ketahui bersama bahwa masalah profesi guru dalam mengemban kegiatan belajar mengajar akan selalu dan terus berlanjut dan bantuan supervisi dari kepala sekolah sangatlah penting dalam mengembangkan profesionalisme guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya secara maksimal. Kepala Madrasah menghendaki dukungan kinerja guru yang selalu ada peningkatan yang konsisten dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yushak Burhanuddin (2005: 100) mengemukakan bahwa tujuan supervisi adalah dalam rangka mengembangkan situasi belajar mengajar yang lebih baik melalui pembinaan dan peningkatan profesi mengajar, secara rinci sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 294, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas belajar mengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 697, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mengendalikan penyelenggaraan bidang teknis edukatif di sekolah sesuai dengan ketentuan dan kebijakan yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Ibid., 229-230.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "203", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menjamin agar kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, sehingga berjalan lancar dan memperoleh hasil yang optimal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Menilai keberhasilan sekolah dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Memberikan bimbingan langsung untuk memperbaiki masalah, kekurangan dan kekhilafan serta membantu memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi sekolah sehingga dapat dicegah kesalahan yang lebih jauh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya dalam Kompetensi Guru Berdasarkan Permendiknas nomor 16 tahun 2007 tentang Standar Kualifikasi Akademik dan Kompetensi Guru, dijelaskan bahwa standar kompetensi guru dikembangkan secara utuh dari empat kompetensi utama yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru yaitu: 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 228, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kompetensi pedagogik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 241, "width": 435, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru berkenaan dengan karakteristik siswa dilihat dari berbagai aspek, seperti moral, emosional dan intelektual. Seorang guru harus menguasai teori belajar dan prinsip belajar, karena siswa memiliki karakter, sifat dan kemampuan yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 456, "height": 190, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kompetensi kepribadian Tata nilai termasuk norma, moral, estetika dan ilmu pengetahuan akan mempengaruhi perilaku etika siswa sebagai pribadi dan sebagai anggota masyarakat. Penerapan disiplin yang baik dalam proses pendidikan akan menghasilkan sikap, mental, watak dan kepribadian siswa yang kuat. Guru dituntut harus mampu membelajarkan siswanya tentang disiplin diri, belajar membaca, mencintai buku, menghargai waktu, cara belajar, mematuhi aturan atau tata tertib dan belajar bagaimana harus berbuat. Seorang guru harus mempunyai kemampuan yang berkaitan dengan kemantapan dan integritas kepribadian seorang guru. Aspek-aspek yang diamati adalah (1) bertindak sesuai norma agama, hukum, sosial dan kebudayaan nasional Indonesia; (2) menampilkan diri sebagai pribadi yang jujur, berakhlak mulia, dan teladan bagi peserta didik dan masyarakat; (3) menampilkan diri sebagai pribadi yang mantap, stabil, arif dan berwibawa; (4) menunjukkan etos kerja, tanggung jawab yang tinggi, rasa bangga menjadi guru dan rasa percaya diri; (5) menjunjung tinggi kode etik profesi guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kompetensi sosial", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 504, "width": 435, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kompetensi Sosial yaitu Seorang guru memiliki kemampuan sosial dalam masyarakat dalam rangka pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 456, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Kompetensi professional Kompetensi profesional yaitu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran. Guru mempunyai tugas untuk mengarahkan kegiatan belajar siswa untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran serta dituntut mampu menyampaikan bahan pelajaran. Guru harus selalu memperbarui dan menguasai materi pelajaran yang disajikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 456, "height": 94, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan Kemampuan yang harus dimiliki guru dalam proses pembelajaran dapat diamati dari beberapa aspek, yaitu: menguasai materi, struktur, konsep dan pola pikir keilmuan yang mendukung mata pelajaran yang diampu, menguasai standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar mata pelajaran atau bidang pengembangan yang diampu, mengembangkan materi pelajaran yang diampu secara kreatif, mengembangkan keprofesionalan secara berkelanjutan dengan melakukan tindakan reflektif, memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk berkomunikasi dan mengembangkan diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 711, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada dua jenis Supervisi Pendidikan menurut Ngalim Purwanto, yaitu: Supervisi umum dan supervisi pengajaran, \"Supervisi umum adalah supervisi yang dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 456, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Lee and Kim, Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia , 67, no.16 (2007): 14–21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "204", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadapkegiatan-kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang secara tidak langsung berhubungan dengan usaha perbaikan pengajaran seperti supervisi terhadap kegiatan pengelolaan bangunan dan perlengkapan sekolah atau kantor-kantor pendidikan, supervisi terhadap kegiatan pengelolaan administrasi kantor, supervisi pengelolaan keuangan sekolah atau kantor pendidikan, dan sebagainya.\" 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi Klinis, Menurut Richard Waller dalam bukunya seperti dikutip Ngalim Purwanto, mendefinisikan supervisi klinis adalah supervisi yang difokuskan pada perbaikan pengajaran dengan melalui siklus yang sistematis dari tahap perencanaan, pengamatan, dan analisis intelektual yang intensif terhadap penampilan mengajar sebenarnya dengan tujuan untuk mengadakan modifikasi yang rasional. Selain itu definisi supervisi klinis juga dikemukakan oleh Keith Acheson dan Meredith D. Gall, mereka mendefinisikan supervisi klinis adalah proses membantu guru memperkecil ketidaksesuaian (kesenjangan) antaratingkah laku mengajar yang nyata dengan tingkah laku mengajaryang ideal 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan Menurut E. Mulyasa salah satu supervisi akademik yang populer adalah supervisi klinis, yang memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Supervisi diberikan berupa bantuan (bukan perintah), sehingga inisiatif tetap berada ditangan tenaga kependidikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Aspek yang disupervisi berdasarkan usul guru, yang dikaji bersama kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor untuk dijadikan kesepakatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 445, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Instrumen dan metode observasi dikembangkan bersama oleh guru dan kepala sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 366, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Mendiskusikan dan menafsirkan hasil pengamatan dengan mendahulukan interpretasi guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Supervisi dilakukan dalam suasana terbuka secara tatap muka dan supervisor lebih banyak mendengarkan serta menjawab pertanyaan guru daripada memberi saran dan pengarahan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 435, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Supervisi klinis setidaknya memiliki tiga tahap, yaitu pertemuan awal, pengamatan dan umpan balik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 462, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Adanya penguatan dan umpan balik dari kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor terhadap perubahan perilaku guru yang positif sebagai hasil pembinaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Supervisi dilakukan secara berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan suatu keadaan dan memecahkan suatu masalah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 517, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa supervisi klinis lebih berorientasi kepada penemuan masalah secara obyektif. Masalah tersebut bukan untuk menekan bawahan, akan tetapi untuk dianalisis dan dilakukan pemecahan masalah (problem solving) secara bersama- sama. Kemudian untuk faktor yang mempengaruhi berhasil tidaknya supervisi menurut Purwanto ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi berhasil tidaknya supervisi atau cepat lambatnya hasil supervisi, antara lain: 26 Lingkungan masyarakat tempat sekolah itu berada, besar kecilnya sekolahyang menjadi tanggung jawab kepala sekolah, tingkatan dan jenis sekolah, keadaan para guru dan pegawai yang tersedia, kecakapan dan keahlian kepala sekolah itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar tidak terjadi campur aduk, menurut objek yang harus disupervisi, supervisi dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga),yaitu: 27 Pertama, Supervisi akademik, supervisi akademik, yang menitikberatkan pengamatan supervisor pada masalah-masalah akademik, yaitu hal-hal yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 364, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 M. Ngalim Purwanto, Administrasi dan Supervisi , (Bandung: PT Rosdakarya, 2002), 89", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 707, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Ibid ., 99.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 381, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 E. Mulyasa, Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah. (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya.2004), 112.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 730, "width": 462, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Purwanto, Konsep Dasar dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan dalam Rangka Pengembangan Sumberdaya Manusia. (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2000), 118.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 379, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Suharsimi Arikunto, Dasar-Dasar Supervisi Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2004), 133.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "205", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "langsung berada dalam lingkungan kegiatan pembelajaran pada waktu siswa sedang dalam proses mempelajari sesuatu. Kedua, Supervisi administrasi, Supervisi administrasi, yang menitikberatkan pengamatan supervisor pada aspek-aspek administrasi yang berfungsi sebagai pendukung dan pelancar terlaksananya pembelajaran. Ketiga, Supervisi lembaga, Supervisi lembaga, yang menitikberatkan atau menyebarkan objek pengamatan supervisor pada aspek-aspek yang berada di sekolah, jika supervisi akademikdimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran maka supervisi lembaga dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan nama baik sekolah atau kinerja sekolah secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan dalam Paramiter keberhasilan Supervisi adalah Keterampilan supervisi oleh kepala madrasah bisa dikatakan berhasil apabila sudah melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya sebagai supervisor seperti: 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 276, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Mengorganisasi dan membina guru yang mencakup:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 255, "width": 436, "height": 177, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika mengorganisasi serta membina guru yang hal yang harus dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah meliputi memotivasi serta meningkatkan semangat bekerja guru, menegakkan disiplin dengan menerapkan sistem reward and punishment, kepala madrasah memberikan fasilitas konsultasi, forum diskusi dalam memecahkan masalah guru dalam hal pembelajaran. Pemberian intensif bagi guru, sebagai upaya motivasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru, mengembangkan profesi guru melalui program workshop, diklat pengembangan yang dilaksanakan oleh lembaga terkait. Pemberian fasilitas perpustakaan juga bermanfaat bagi tidak hanya bagi siswa, juga bagi guru dalam memfasilitasi media sumber pembelajaran, agar mampu memberi wawasan lebih kepada siswa. Selanjutnya, memberi kebebasan kepada guru dalam membuat maupun mengembangkan bahan pembelajaran secara mandiri, agar materi yang diajarkan factual dan menyesuaikan dengan kondisi siswa dan sarana prasarana madrasah, sesuai dengan indikator yang ditetapkan di kurikulum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 435, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kurikulum yang berlaku Usaha-usaha harus dilakukan kepala madrasah dalam mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kurikulum yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 476, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Menciptakan serta mempertahankan iklim belajar yang kondusif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 490, "width": 414, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Memberi pengarahan kepada guru tentang metode pengelolaan kelas yang efektif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 504, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Mengkoordinasi staf pengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 517, "width": 386, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Selalu meberikan informasi terkait perkembangan pendidikan secara aktual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 531, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Mengembangkan program belajar yang sesuai dengan kondisi madrasah, mengembangkan materi pembelajaran bersama guru mata pelajaran,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 559, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Mengembangkan model belajar mengajar bersama guru-guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 573, "width": 370, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7) Menyediakan dan mengembangkan alat-alat bantu belajar bersama guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 586, "width": 257, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8) Memberi contoh-contoh model belajar mengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 600, "width": 359, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9) Mengembangkan program pengayaan dan remedy bersama guru-guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 614, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10) Membantu menciptakan sekolah sebagai pusat kebudayaan untuk mengembangkan para siswa sebagaimanusia seutuhnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 642, "width": 365, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11) Menilai dan membina ketatausahaan kelas dan sekolah pada umumnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 655, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12) Menilai pendidikan beserta hasilnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 669, "width": 385, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Meningkatkan pelaksanaan aktifitas penunjang kurikulum yang mencakup:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 683, "width": 373, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Melakukan penelitian pendidikan bersama guru-guru dan kepala sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 697, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Mengadakan hubungan dengan masyarakat bersama dengan guru-guru dan kepala sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 391, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Made Pidarta, Pemikiran tentang supervisi pendidikan , (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara,1999), 101-102.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "206", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 103, "width": 456, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam peningkatan kompetensi guru melalui supervisi kepala madrasah dapat dilakukan dengan ketentuan yang telah ada. Pada Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 tahun 2007 menjelaskan bahwa seorang kepala Madarsah diangkat berdasarkan kualifikasi yang diteteapkan oleh Standar Nasional. Sedangkan menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No 19 tahun 2005 pasal 56 menyatakan bahwa pemantauan dilakukan oleh pimpinan satuan pendidikan dan komite madrasah atau bentuk lain dari lembaga perwakilan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan secara teratur dan berkesinambungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisor yang efektif adalah kepala madrasah yang baik. Kepala madrasah sebagai seorang supervisor mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah serta mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting terhadap perkembangan dan kemajuan sekolah. Supervisi yang dilakukan oleh kepala Madrasah yaitu untuk meningkatkan kompetensi para guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, sehingga diharapkan dapat memenuhi misi pengajaran yang diembannya atau misi pendidikan nasional dalam lingkup yang lebih luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan dalam Paramiter keberhasilan Supervisi adalah keterampilan supervisi oleh kepala madrasah bisa dikatakan berhasil apabila sudah melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab sebagai supervisor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Rujukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 366, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andayani, Abdul Majid dan Dian. Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Kompetensi . Bandung: Ramaja Rosdakarya, 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arikunto, Suharsimi. Dasar-Dasar Supervisi Pendidikan . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. 2004. Asmendri. Teori dan Aplikasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah dan Madrasah. Batusangkar: STAIN Batusangkar Press. 2012. Aziz, Muhammad, Ahmad Rofiq, and Abdul Ghofur. “Regulasi Penyelenggaraan Jaminan Produk Halal Di Indonesia Perspektif Statute Approach”. ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 151-170. Accessed December 25, 2020. http://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/577.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aziz, Muhammad. BRANDING OF HALAL PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA: CONTESTATION BETWEEN RELIGIOUS, IDENTITY AND COMMODITY INTERESTS. 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Hasyim Asy’ari Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 379, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UU Sisdiknas Tahun 2003. Al Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Keislaman , 7(1). https://doi.org/10.36835/hjsk.v7i1.3091.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sholikah, S. 2015. Pendidikan Karakter Menurut K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Kitab Adâb al- ‘Âlim wa al-Muta‘allim. Maraji: Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman . 2, 1 (Sep. 2015), 117-143. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36835/maraji. v2i1.40.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 347, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teguh Triwiyanto. Pengantar Pendidikan . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 794, "width": 405, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 206, "top": 74, "width": 203, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PETUNJUK PENULISAN ARTIKEL AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Artikel merupakan tulisan konsepsional atau hasil penelitian studi keislaman yang belum pernah diterbitkan dalam media cetak lain dan/atau media online.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 443, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. 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Artikel konsepsional atau hasil penelitian memuat judul, nama dan identitas penulis, abstrak (± 250 kata), kata kunci, pendahuluan, isi atau pembahasan, penutup, daftar rujukan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 391, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Artikel yang memenuhi syarat diseleksi dan diedit penyunting untuk penyeragaman format dan gaya penulisan tanpa mengubah isinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Penulisan cacatan kaki/ footnote dan daftar rujukan berbeda. Perbedaannya dapat diketahui.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 474, "width": 425, "height": 52, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Catatan kaki/ footnote. Teknik penulisan catatan kaki sebagai berikut : Nama Pengarang, Koma, Judul Rujukan (dengan huruf miring/ italic), Kurung Buka, Tempat Terbit, Titik Dua, Nama Penerbit, Koma, Tahun Penerbit, Kurung Tutup, Koma, Nomor Halaman.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 526, "width": 406, "height": 27, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Hasan Langgulung, Beberapa Pemikiran tentang Pendidikan Islam (Bandung: Al Ma’arif, 2000), 215.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 554, "width": 404, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Philip K Hitti, History of the Arab (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1970), 87.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 570, "width": 425, "height": 38, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Daftar Rujukan Langgulung, Hasan. 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adaf3c16-14b2-1787-007b-41de5fae64f0	https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/jurnalkelautan/article/download/5783/3952	[ { "left": 74, "top": 38, "width": 450, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/jurnalkelautan Jurnal Kelautan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 60, "width": 210, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 12, No. 2, 2019 ISSN: 1907-9931 (print), 2476-9991 (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "158", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 96, "width": 403, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regenerasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. melalui Propagasi Secara Ex vitro", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 133, "top": 115, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regeneration of Seaweed Gracilaria sp. through Ex vitro Propagation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 136, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siti Fadilah, Dhini Arum Pratiwi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 158, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loka Riset Budidaya Rumput Laut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 179, "width": 247, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 201, "width": 385, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted: 29 Juli 2019 / Revised: 30 Desember 2019 / Accepted: 30 Desember 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 222, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v12i2.5783", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 244, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 454, "height": 207, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to observe the growth of Gracilaria sp. seaweed seedlings through ex vitro propagation. Thallus was cut into thallus fragments measuring ± 2-3 cm. The treatments tested were different types of nutrients and thallus densities. The nutrients used were Provasoli Enriched Sea Water (PES) 20 mL/L, organic fertilizer A (0,05 mL/L), organic fertilizer B (0,05 mL/L) and without fertilizer; while the densities of the thallus fragment tested were 2 g/L; 2,5 g/L and 3 g/L. Thallus fragments were maintained for 8 weeks with media renewal and thallus weighing every week. Shoot length was measured and number of shoots was calculated at the end of the observation. Then, the seedlings were acclimatized at the sea for 8 weeks by binding every 10 thallus fragments to each clump rope in a net box with a side length of 50 cm. Growth was observed by weighing thallus fragments every 4 weeks. The results showed that organic fertilizer A provided better seedling growth compared to other types of fertilizers. The highest Daily Growth Rate (DGR) and shoot length occurred at a density of 2 g/L, but the number of shoots at three densities did not differ at an average of 5 shoots per thallus fragment. The highest average DGR of seedlings during acclimatization reached 4,85%/day in the first month, then decreased to 2,05%/day in the second month. Ex vitro propagation can be used as an alternative effort to propagate the seedlings of Gracilaria sp. by paying attention to the physical condition of the growth environment, especially the temperature and light intensity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 273, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: ex vitro, Gracilaria sp., propagation, regeneration", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 273, "top": 524, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 454, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan bibit rumput laut Gracilaria sp. melalui propagasi ex vitro. Talus dipotong menjadi fragmen talus berukuran ±2-3 cm. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu jenis nutrisi dan kepadatan talus yang berbeda. Nutrisi yang digunakan adalah Provasoli’s Enriched Seawater (PES) sebanyak 20 mL/L, pupuk organik A (0,05 mL/L), pupuk organik B (0,05 mL/L) dan tanpa pupuk; sedangkan kepadatan fragmen talus yang yang diuji adalah 2 g/L; 2,5 g/L dan 3 g/L. Fragmen talus dipelihara selama 8 minggu dengan pembaruan media dan penimbangan bobot talus setiap minggu. Panjang tunas diukur dan jumlah tunas dihitung di akhir pengamatan. Kemudian, bibit diaklimatisasi di laut selama 8 minggu dengan mengikat tiap 10 fragmen talus pada tiap tali rumpun dalam kotak hapa dengan panjang sisi 50 cm. Pertumbuhan diamati dengan menimbang fragmen talus setiap 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik A memberikan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis pupuk yang lain. Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (LPH) dan panjang tunas tertinggi terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L, namun jumlah tunas pada tiga kepadatan tidak berbeda yaitu rata-rata 5 tunas per fragmen talus. Rataan LPH tertinggi saat aklimatisasi mencapai 4,85 %/hari pada bulan pertama, kemudian menurun menjadi 2,05 %/hari di bulan kedua. Propagasi ex vitro dapat dijadikan salah satu upaya alternatif perbanyakan bibit Gracilaria sp. dengan memperhatikan kondisi fisik pemeliharaan, terutama suhu dan intensitas cahaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 751, "width": 261, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : ex vitro, Gracilaria sp., propagasi, regenerasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 59, "width": 171, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Kelautan, 12(2), 158-164 (2019)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "159", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 137, "top": 78, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. adalah rumput laut penghasil agar (agarophyta) dari kelas Rhodophyceae. Seperti halnya permasalahan pada budidaya rumput laut lainnya, Gracilaria sp. juga mengalami hambatan pertumbuhan pada saat kondisi lingkungan tidak sesuai. Hal ini mengakibatkan ketersediaan bibit seringkali menjadi terbatas. Selain itu, menurut Hurtado & Cheney, (2003), kualitas bibit rumput laut seringkali menurun karena dalam praktek budidaya masih menggunakan fragmen talus berulang secara vegetatif dari hasil panen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 247, "width": 211, "height": 251, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu upaya mengatasi hambatan ini adalah melakukan perbanyakan vegetatif rumput laut melalui propagasi in vitro (kultur jaringan). Cara ini menjadi salah satu upaya untuk memperbanyak bibit unggul sebelum budidaya lapang, sehingga dapat menjaga ketersediaan bibit pada saat musim kurang sesuai. Propagasi in vitro menguntungkan karena didapatkan sifat anakan yang sama dengan induknya dalam jumlah banyak (Akin- Idowu et al. , 2009). Propagasi in vitro telah dilakukan pada Gracilaria verrucosa sampai pada tahap aklimatisasi dan budidaya (Mulyaningrum et al., 2014). Namun, propagasi in vitro ini relatif mahal karena membutuhkan kondisi pemeliharaan khusus dan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dengan keterampilan khusus. Jika dilakukan dalam skala besar maka membutuhkan perhitungan efisiensi ekonomi. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan propagasi secara ex vitro pada rumput laut Gracilaria sp .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 211, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Propagasi ex vitro yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah perbanyakan fragmen talus rumput laut dalam kondisi ex vitro di green house. Kondisi ini berbeda dengan propagasi in vitro yang dilakukan dalam botol kaca di laboratorium. Pada propagasi in vitro , plantlet tumbuh dalam kondisi khusus di wadah yang relatif kedap udara, kelembaban udara lebih tinggi dan intensitas cahaya lebih rendah dibandingkan lingkungannya. Media pertumbuhan juga seringkali dilengkapi dengan sakarida dan zat pengatur tumbuh (Posposilova et al ., 1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 211, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mengamati kemungkinan perbanyakan fragmen talus bibit rumput laut, khususnya Gracilaria sp. , dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang lebih mudah dan tidak membutuhkan sarana khusus sehingga mudah diadopsi pembudidaya. Hal ini mengacu pada pengamatan di lapangan bahwa perbanyakan bibit selama ini sudah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 78, "width": 211, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "biasa dilakukan pembudidaya dari hasil fragmentasi talus rumput laut Gracilaria sp. yang langsung ditebar ke perairan tambak. Gracilaria juga telah diketahui mempunyai toleransi lebih luas terhadap kondisi lingkungan ( euryhaline ) sehingga lebih mudah ditumbuhkan dan dipelihara. Dengan melakukan propagasi ex vitro ini juga diharapkan dapat meminimalkan fluktuasi lingkungan saat aklimatisasi ke perairan yang selama ini menjadi permasalahan setelah tahap propagasi in vitro .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 226, "width": 211, "height": 446, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode ex vitro biasanya dilakukan saat tahap pembentukan akar (rhizogenesis) pada tumbuhan tingkat tinggi. Kondisi ex vitro yang diberikan dapat berupa aklimatisasi di greenhouse atau pemindahan bibit ke budidaya lapang (Jose et al. , 2007; Mohammed et al ., 2015). Metode ex vitro dalam rhizogenesis Passiflora foetida telah diketahui dapat mengurangi waktu, tenaga dan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan sintasan pada kondisi lapang (Shekhawat et al ., 2015). Rhizogenesis secara e x vitro dengan aklimatisasi simultan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi perbanyakan tanaman Camellia sinensis sebanyak 71% dibandingkan dengan metode in vitro (Ranaweera et al ., 2013). Namun lebih jauh metode ex vitro sudah dilakukan pada perbanyakan tanaman Coffea arabica . Embrio somatik C. arabica ditebar langsung pada subtrat tanah dan dapat menghasilkan plantlet. Cara ini menghasilkan plantlet lebih cepat, serta menghilangkan prosedur aklimatisasi konvensional yang problematis dan mahal (Barry-Etienne et al., 2002). Seperti yang telah diketahui bahwa permasalahan dalam aklimatisasi konvensional adalah plantlet biasanya mempunyai sintasan rendah. Menurut Chandra et al., (2010), keberhasilan kultur dalam skala komersial tergantung pada kemampuan terhadap pemindahan planlet dalam skala besar, biaya rendah dan sintasan tinggi. Selama pemindahan, seringkali plantlet in vitro tidak mampu mengatasi kondisi lingkungan. Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangi kematian plantlet selama tahap aklimatisasi diperlukan pengendalian lingkungan fisik dan kimia (Chandra et al., 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 684, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian propagasi ex vitro Gracilaria sp ini dilakukan sebagai upaya perbanyakan bibit dengan harapan mengurangi waktu regenerasi di laboratorium dan meningkatkan sintasan di kondisi lapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi pertumbuhan bibit rumput laut Gracilaria sp. melalui perbanyakan ex vitro .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 58, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fadilah dan Pratiwi, Regenerasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "160", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 78, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MATERI DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stok bibit didapatkan dari pembudidaya Gracilaria sp. di perairan laut Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Bibit yang digunakan adalah bibit yang segar, berwarna hijau kecoklatan, tidak ada bercak putih pada talus dan bebas epifit. Penelitian dilaksanakan tahun 2016 di Laboratorium Aklimatisasi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 168, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loka Riset Budidaya Rumput Laut, Gorontalo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 211, "height": 297, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Propagasi ex vitro diawali dengan pemilihan dan pemotongan bibit rumput laut menjadi fragmen talus berukuran ± 2-3 cm. Percobaan pertama menguji kepadatan fragmen talus yang berbeda yaitu 2 g/L; 2,5 g/L dan 3 g/L. Media yang digunakan adalah air laut bersalinitas sekitar 32-34 ppt sebanyak 20 liter yang ditambah dengan pupuk organik 0,05 ml/l. Percobaan kedua menguji jenis nutrien yang berbeda yaitu pupuk Provasoli’s Enriched Seawater (PES) sebanyak 20 mL/L, pupuk organik A (0,05 mL/L), pupuk organik B (0,05 mL/L) dan tanpa penambahan pupuk sebagai kontrol. Wadah pemeliharaan berupa kontainer plastik bulat yang tembus cahaya bervolume ±25 L. Setiap wadah dilengkapi dengan aerasi kuat untuk mengaduk nutrisi. Penggantian media dilakukan setiap minggu dengan masa pemeliharaan 6 minggu. Penimbangan bobot fragmen talus per wadah dilakukan tiap minggu, sedangkan pengukuran panjang dan penghitungan jumlah tunas pada fragmen talus dilakukan di akhir pengamatan. Parameter lingkungan yang dipantau setiap hari adalah suhu, salinitas dan intensitas cahaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 78, "width": 211, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fragmen talus kemudian diaklimatisasi di perairan Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan menggunakan kotak hapa berbentuk kubus dengan panjang sisi 50 cm. Fragmen talus diikat pada tali bentangan berdiameter 1,5 mm. Tali rumpun dibuat dari talia rafia. Jarak antar tali rumpun adalah 10 cm yang memuat 5 tali rumpun. Jumlah fragmen talus yang diikat pada tali rumpun 10 fragmen talus. Tali bentangan sebanyak 20 tali diikat dalam kotak hapa. Kotak hapa diberi pelampung dan diletakkan di laut. Pertumbuhan diamati setiap bulan selama 2 bulan masa pemeliharaan. Sampel air diambil untuk mengukur kandungan fosfat (PO 4 ) , amonia (NH 4 ) nitrat (NO 3 ) dan Bahan Organik Terlarut (BOT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 272, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 294, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengamatan terhadap pertumbuhan tunas pada propagasi ex vitro memperlihatkan tunas ada yang tumbuh hanya di ujung fragmen talus (terminal) atau hanya di samping fragmen talus (lateral) atau di ujung dan samping fragmen talus (terminal dan lateral) (Gambar 1). Perbanyakan bibit yang terjadi di proses ini adalah melalui regenerasi langsung. Talus-talus baru yang muncul dan tumbuh merupakan tunas yang terdiferensiasi. Menurut Yong et al . (2014), perbanyakan bibit melalui regenerasi langsung lebih disukai daripada regenerasi tidak langsung. Dengan melakukan regenerasi langsung maka variasi somaklonal dapat diminimalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 575, "width": 306, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Berbagai macam pertumbuhan tunas pada fragmen talus", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 213, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada percobaan pertama, hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH) bibit dengan kepadatan 2 g/L cenderung lebih tinggi daripada dua kepadatan lainnya (Gambar 2). LPH akhir tertinggi terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L yaitu 0,91%/hari dan terendah terjadi pada kepadatan fragmen talus 2,5 g/L yaitu 0,66%/hari. LPH pada kepadatan 2 g/L ini berbeda nyata dibandingkan dua kepadatan lainnya (P<0,05) (Gambar 3A). Sejalan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 593, "width": 210, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan hal tersebut, pengukuran panjang tunas tertinggi juga terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L yaitu 9,85 mm dan terendah terjadi pada kepadatan 3 g/L yaitu 7,57 mm. Namun demikian panjang tunas pada tiga kepadatan tersebut berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05) (Gambar 3B). Begitu pula jumlah tunas per fragmen talus pada tiga kepadatan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yaitu rata- rata 5 tunas per fragmen talus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 62, "width": 171, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Kelautan, 12(2), 158-164 (2019)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 454, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (LPH) bibit rumput laut pada kepadatan fragmen talus berbeda selama 6 minggu propagasi ex vitro", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 443, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (A) dan panjang tunas (B) fragmen talus rumput laut Gracilaria sp. pada kepadatan berbeda setelah 6 minggu propagasi ex vitro", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 428, "width": 210, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum, kondisi pertumbuhan fragmen talus setiap minggunya mengalami fluktuasi (Gambar 2). Kondisi ini disebabkan karena fluktuasi lingkungan sekitar. Suhu dan intensitas cahaya di dalam laboratorium Aklimatisasi mengikuti kondisi lingkungan di luarnya. Intensitas cahaya yang cukup tinggi dan suhu di siang hari dapat mencapai >30 ℃ sehingga meningkatkan pertumbuhan epifit. Berdasarkan pengamatan, epifit ini berupa sejenis alga hijau yang menempel kuat di fragmen talus rumput laut. Fragmen talus yang terinfeksi epifit ini kemudian disisihkan karena dapat menginfeksi fragmen yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 599, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, tampak bahwa kepadatan fragmen talus berbanding terbalik dengan pertumbuhan bibit. Kepadatan terendah memiliki pertumbuhan tertinggi. Hal ini disebabkan, dengan jumlah nutrisi yang sama maka jumlah individu yang lebih sedikit dapat memanfaatkan lebih banyak nutrisi dibandingkan jumlah individu yang lebih banyak. Kepadatan yang lebih tinggi juga memberikan efek penumpukan antar fragmen talus yang lebih besar dibandingkan kepadatan yang lebih rendah. Penumpukan ini menyebabkan beberapa fragmen talus terhalangi untuk mendapat cahaya melakukan fotosintesis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 428, "width": 213, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Yong et al . (2014) kepadatan berdampak negatif terhadap sintasan, pertumbuhan, dan reproduksi suatu individu tanaman. Sumber daya yang sama, seperti cahaya, nutrisi, dan ruang harus diperebutkan antara tanaman kecil dan besar sehingga terjadi kompetisi asimetris. Selain itu, peningkatan kepadatan dapat menyebabkan penetrasi cahaya berkurang karena ada efek peneduhan antar tanaman sehingga mempengaruhi fotosintesis. Peningkatan kepadatan juga dapat mengurangi pergerakan air dalam media sehingga beberapa tanaman mungkin tidak mendapat cukup nutrisi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 599, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada percobaan kedua, penambahan nutrisi eksogen didasari bahwa rumput laut mutlak membutuhkan tambahan nutrisi dalam pemeliharaan terkontrol. Hal ini terbukti pada hasil pengamatan yang menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nutrisi lebih memperbaiki pertumbuhan fragmen talus dibandingkan tanpa pupuk (Gambar 5). Persentase bobot fragmen talus cenderung lebih baik dalam media dengan penambahan enis pupuk organik A (61,25%) dibandingkan dengan pupuk PES dan pupuk organik B setelah 6 minggu pemeliharaan. Hasil yang berbeda antar jenis pupuk ini disebabkan masing- masing pupuk memiliki komposisi dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 293, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 L PH (% /h ar i) Minggu 2 g/L 2.5 g/L 3 g/L a b b 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 g/L 2.5 g/L 3 g/L L P H ( % /h a ri) Kepadatan A a a a 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 g/L 2.5 g/L 3 g/L P a n ja n g T u n a s ( m m ) Kepadatan B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 166, "top": 58, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fadilah dan Pratiwi, Regenerasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 78, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "konsentrasi nutrisi yang berbeda. Hasil ini didukung oleh hasil penelitian Alamsjah et al. , (2009) yang menyatakan konsentrasi kombinasi pupuk NPK dan TSP (50%:50%) memberi pertumbuhan terbaik pada Gracilaria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 78, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "verrucosa. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian Ginting et al. (2015) menyatakan dosis pupuk organik 3,5 ml memberi laju pertumbuhan terbaik pada Caulerpa lentillifera .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 290, "width": 379, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Bobot fragmen talus rumput laut Gracilaria sp . pada jenis nutrien berbeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 309, "width": 211, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengamatan secara morfologi memperlihatkan bibit Gracilaria sp. yang diaklimatisasi berwarna hijau gelap, segar, dan pertumbuhan talus lebih cenderung ke arah memanjang daripada menumbuhkan cabang-cabang tunas ke samping. Pertumbuhan bibit bervariasi, ada talus yang pendek dengan sedikit percabangan dan ada pula yang dapat mencapai panjang sekitar 30 cm. Penempatan kotak hapa saat aklimatisasi di laut tampak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bibit. Kotak hapa yang berada di kedua ujung memperlihatkan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih baik dibandingkan kotak hapa yang berada di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 309, "width": 210, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tengah. Diduga pergerakan air laut terjadi lebih banyak di ujung daripada di tengah sehingga memungkinkan penyerapan nutrien lebih tinggi pada bibit dan pertumbuhannya meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 376, "width": 211, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulan pertama aklimatisasi, LPH bibit Gracilaria sp. meningkat pesat berkisar antara 3,38-5,76 %/hari, dengan rata-rata LPH adalah 4,85 %/hari. Selanjutnya di bulan kedua, LPH menurun berkisar antara -0,41- 2,98 %/hari, dengan rata-rata LPH adalah 2,05 %/hari (Gambar 6). Fluktuasi LPH ini dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan perairan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 454, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Laju pertumbuhan harian bibit (LPH) bibit selama aklimatisasi di perairan Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kecenderungan penurunan LPH bibit selama aklimatisasi didukung oleh kecenderungan penurunan kandungan fosfat dan nitrat perairan di lokasi pengamatan (Gambar 7). Kandungan fosfat dan nitrat bahkan nilainya mendekati 0 mg/L di bulan November. Sementara BOT berada di kisaran 40- 50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 676, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mg/L dan amonia 0,03-0,04 mg/L. Menurut Kamlasi (2008), kisaran nitrat yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut adalah antara 0,01-1,00 mg/L dan fosfat 0,10-0,30 mg/L. Amonia untuk biota laut 0,3 mg/L (Menlh, 2004)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 148, "width": 197, "height": 126, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis Nutrien Pupuk Pupuk Organik A Organik B Tanpa pupuk PES 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 193, "top": 159, "width": 175, "height": 468, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulan II I 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LP H ( % /h ar i) B o b o t b ib it ( % )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 214, "top": 62, "width": 171, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Kelautan, 12(2), 158-164 (2019)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 342, "width": 403, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Kualitas air selama aklimatisasi di perairan Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 364, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 213, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laju pertumbuhan dan panjang tunas terbaik terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L, namun jumlah tunas per fragmen menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yaitu rata-rata 5 tunas per fragmen. LPH tertinggi bibit saat aklimatisasi mencapai 4,85 %/hari pada bulan pertama, kemudian menurun menjadi 2,05 %/hari di bulan kedua. 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d64d530d-3638-8de4-bbe8-f9ba2e2b358a	https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/geo/article/download/16750/13929	[ { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 115, "top": 74, "width": 368, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMULIHAN PASCA BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI LOMBOK UTARA PADA TAHUN 2018", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 116, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heru Kusuma Bakti", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 116, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 , Achmad Nurmandi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 131, "width": 408, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 ,2 Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Jalan Brawijaya, Geblagan, Tamantirto, Kec. Kasihan, Bantul, DIY, 55183, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 189, "width": 292, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima: 21 Februari 2020, Direvisi: 04 April 2020, Disetujui: 22 Juni 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 214, "width": 42, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 228, "width": 400, "height": 239, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guncangan gempa bumi berkekuatan 7.0 SR yang terjadi di Provinsi NTB khususnya Lombok Utara pada tahun 2018 yang lalu telah berdampak kepada kondisi berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat dan pemerintah di Kabupaten Lombok Utara, untuk itu tentu pemerintah daerah punya tanggung jawab yang lebih besar untuk melakukan pemulihan pasca terjadinya bencana hal tersebut juga tertuang dalam Undang-undang No 24 Tahun 2007, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat upaya pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah melalui proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan di olah dengan aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus. Hasil menunjukan bahwa upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah adalah dengan melakukan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi yang telah ditetapkan melalui 5 aspek utama yaitu Sektor Sosial, Ekonomi, Infrastruktur, Pemukiman serta Lintas Sektor. Akan tetapi dalam proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah banyak menimbulkan persoalan di masyarakat khususnya di Sektor Pemukiman, rumitnya proses birokrasi menimbulkan lambatnya pemulihan sektor pemukiman, ketidak puasan masyarakat dalam pendataan kategori rusak ringan, sedang maupun rusak berat yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah serta kurangnya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses pemulihan juga merupakan permasalahan yang terjadi pada proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 480, "width": 390, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Bencana, Gempa Bumi, Pemulihan Bencana, rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 514, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 528, "width": 400, "height": 212, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shock earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 that occurred in NTB Province, especially North Lombok in 2018, has had an impact on the conditions of various aspects of community and government life in North Lombok. Therefore, local governments have a greater responsibility to carry out recovery after the occurrence disaster, this study aims to look at the recovery efforts undertaken by the local government through the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction process. This research is descriptive in nature using a qualitative research method and treated with the application of Nvivo 12 Plus. The results show that the efforts made by the local government are to carry out the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction that have been determined through 5 main aspects namely the Social, Economic, Infrastructure, Settlement and Cross-Sector . However, in the process of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction carried out by the Regional Government, many problems in the community, especially in the Settlement Sector, the complexity of the bureaucratic process caused slow recovery of the residential sector, community dissatisfaction in the data collection categories of minor, moderate and severe damage carried out by the local government as well the lack of community involvement in the recovery process is also a problem in the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 753, "width": 395, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Disasters, Earthquakes, Disaster Recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 138", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 87, "width": 34, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 162, "top": 87, "width": 50, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "geografis,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 87, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 101, "width": 211, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "termasuk sebagai wilayah yang rawan terhadap berbagai kejadian bencana alam, yang dapat menimbulkan ancaman bagi masyarakat Indonesia yg disebabkan oleh baik faktor alam dan faktor manusia (perbuatan manusia). Salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia adalah Gempa Bumi seperti yang terjadi di Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat pada tahun 2018 yang lalu. Bencana yang terjadi di Indonesia khususnya Lombok telah menimbulkan keperihatinan semua lapisan Masyarakat terkhususnya pemerintah yang mempunyai peran penting dalam pencegahan ataupun penanganan setelah terjadinya bencana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak satu tahun berlalu gempa berkekuatan 7.0 SR yang melanda Nusa Tenggara Barat khususnya di Kabupaaten Lombok Utara pada tanggal 5 Juli 2018 masih menyisakan duka mendalam bagi masyarakat Lombok Utara, sebagian masyarakat masih tinggal di rumah sementara karena masih trauma dan sampai saat ini gempa kecil pun masih sering terjadi. Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara Barat khususnya Lombok secara tektonik memang kawasan seismik aktif . Lombok menjadi wilayah yang rawan terhadap potensi diguncang bencana Gempa Bumi karena", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 211, "height": 245, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lombok terletak diantara pembangkit gempa dari selatan dan utara. Sebelah selatan terdapat zona subduksi lempeng Indo-Australia yang menunjam kebawah Pulau Lombok, dari sebelah utara terdapat struktur geologi Sesar Naik Flores, yang jalurnya memanjang dari laut Bali ke timur hingga Flores, dari pada ituPulau Lombok memang rawan gempa jalur Sesar naik Flores(Tim Seismologi Teknik BMKG, 2018). Sejalan dengan Lewerissa dalam Wekke menjelaskan bahwa Gempa bumi yang menghantam Pulau Lombok disebabkan oleh lempeng tektonik Australia yang bergerak ke barat laut sampai ke utara (Wekke et al., 2019). Semua Desa di Kabupaten Lombok Utara termasuk dalam kategori memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ancaman tinggi terhadap gempa bumi. Hal ini juga didukung oleh kondisi struktur geologi Pulau Lombok. Daerah Kabupaten Lombok Utara, meskipun tidak berada langsung di zona tumbukan lempeng besar seperti di Lombok bagian Selatan, tapi tumbukan pada lempeng besar tersebut juga akan bisa memicu getaran pada daerah Back Arc (Busur Belakang) dimana lokasi Kabupaten Lombok Utara menurut tatanan tektoniknya. Berikut data sebaran gempa Lombok pada Juli 2018 lalu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 471, "width": 198, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Peta Sebaran Pusat Gempa Lombok pada Bulan Juli sampai dengan 13 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 520, "width": 211, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dampak dari gempa di Lombok Utara menyebabkan sebanyak 537 jiwa meninggal dunia, 101.735 jiwa mengungsi, hampir 76 ribu bangunan rumah mengalami rusak berat, rusak sedang maupun rusak ringan, selain itu, berbagai fasilitas ekonomi (pasar, pertokoan, perhotelan dan akomodasi lainnya), fasilitas umum dan sosial, kantor pemerintahan, sarana dan prasarana transportasi, komunikasi, air bersih serta layanan publik lainnya terganggu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 161, "top": 74, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Rekapitulasi Penilaian Kerusakan dan Kerugian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 90, "width": 434, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Sektor Nilai Kerusakan (Rp) Nilai Kerugian (Rp) Total Kerusakan dan Kerugian (Rp) 1 Pemukiman 3,505,485,200,000 3,731,409,800,000 7,236,895,000,000 2 Infrastruktur 303,676,794,062 15,943,406,000 319,620,200,062 3 Sosial 1,160,633,995,036 169,893,013,566 1,330,527,008,602 4 Ekonomi 274,310,973,839 428,718,820,000 703,029,793,839 5 Lintas Sektor 235,104,235,250 166,009,017,698 401,113,252,948 TOTAL 5,479,211,198,187 4,511,974,057,264 9,991,185,255,451", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 398, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Dokumen Rencana Aksi Rehab Rekon Pasca Gempa Lombok Utara 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 211, "height": 451, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas angka kerusakan dan kerugian yang di alami oleh pemerintah daerah mencapai 10 Triliun, sebagai Kabupaten baru pemerintah daerah tentunya membutuhkan dukungan dari semua pihak, dan dari tabel tersebut sektor pemukiman menjadi kerugian terbesar bagi pemerintah daerah. Dengan angka kebutuhan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi mencapai 6 Triliun, dengan komposisi rencana pendanaan dari APBN sebesar 51,04,51% yang terdiri dari DSP BNPB, Anggaran Kementerian/Lembaga dan Usulan Hibah RR. Dana berasal dari sumber lainnya yaitu dana masyarakat dan dunia usaha sebesar 21,11%, berasal APBD Kabupaten Lombok Utara sebesar 3,44% dan dari APBD Provinsi NTB sebesar 0,35%. Dalam Undang-undang No. 24 Tahun 2007 tentang penangulangan bencana juga telah mengamanatkan pemerintah baik itu pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah sebagai penyelenggara utama yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pemulihan pasca bencana (Daswati et al., 2019). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 juga menyebutkan bahwa penanggung jawab dalam penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana adalah Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah sebab Pemerintah memiliki wewenang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk melaksanakan Penanggulangan bencana mulai dari prabencana, saat tanggap darurat, hingga pascabencana. Dalam penanggulangan pasca bencana yang disebutkan pada pasal 1 ayat 10 bahwa pemerintah memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 240, "width": 211, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tanggung jawab untuk melakukan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi berupa perbaikan dan pemulihan dari berbagai aspek yang terdampak. Dengan demikian baik Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah mempunyai tanggung jawab yang lebih besar terhadap pemulihan pasca bencana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 211, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemulihan pasca bencana menjadi suatu kesatuan yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan manajemen kebencanaan yang ada di Indonesia. Manajemen bencana gempa bumi terdiri dari dua kegiatan (1) Pra bencana dan (2) Pasca bencana. Kegiatan pasca bencana, mencakup, antara lain, respons bencana / tanggap darurat, serta pemulihan bencana. Kegiatan pra bencana meliputi kesiapsiagaan, pendidikan kesadaran risiko, pelatihan, perencanaan tata ruang, dan desain struktur tahan bencana (Kholil et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 513, "width": 211, "height": 246, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Army, 2015) berpendapat proses pemulihan telah menjadi salah satu langkah penting yang harus diimplementasikan setelah bencana terjadi senada dengan (Ziqiang Han, 2017) pemulihan bencana dapat dikonseptualisasikan sebagai proses diferensial memulihkan, membangun kembali, dan membentuk kembali lingkungan fisik, sosial ekonomi dan alam melalui perencanaan dan tindakan pasca terjadinya bencana, pemulihan bencana bisa menjadi peluang untuk pemerintah dalam membangun daerah agar lebih baik dan dapat bertahan pada resiko bencana yang lebih besar pada waktu mendatang. Proses pemulihan tersebut disebut sebagai fase Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 140", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 683, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fase rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi biasanya merupakan perbaikan infrastruktur dan fasilitas untuk memulihkan fungsi sosial dan ekonomi daerah yang terkena bencana sedangkan fase rekonstruksi muncul sebagai restorasi jangka panjang yang tidak hanya mencakup perbaikan fisik masyarakat yang terkena dampak tetapi juga kebangkitan mata pencaharian, ekonomi, industri, budaya, tradisi, dan lingkungan (Ong, Jamero 2016). Proses pemulihan pasca bencana tentu membutuhkan waktu beberapa minggu hingga lebih dari satu tahun, tergantung pada tingkat kerusakan dan infrastruktur yang akan diperbaiki. Phillips dalam (Sagala & Lutfiana, 2015) mengatakan pada fase pemulihan pasca bencana pembangunan kembali dari berbagai aspek lebih menitikberatkan pada pembangunan jangka panjang, pemulihan pasca bencana melputi beberaapa aspek yang menjadi fokus pemerintah yaitu Sektor Perumahan, Ekonomi, Lingkungan Infrastruktur, Sosial Psikologis dan Pelayanan Publik. (Horney et al., 2018) berpendapat pemulihan bencana yang baik harus mendukung peningkatan dalam perencanaan mitigasi, kesiapan, dan pengembangan yang akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan ketahanan bencana di masa depan. Untuk itu pemerintah tidak hanya memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat akan tetapi mempersiapkan resioko bencana yang akan datang dengan melihat perencanaan mitigasi, kesiapan dan sebagainya, apalagi Lombok masih mempunyai resiko bencana Gempa besar yang akan datang. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) pada artikelnya juga menjelaskan bahwa proses pemulihan pasca terjadinya bencana mencakup 4 bidang yang harus terpenuhi dengan berfokus pada : (1) Pemulihan sektor ekonomi, (2) Sektor pelayanan publik seperti pendidikan, kesehatandan serta pelayanan publik lainnya (3) Perumahan yang terdampak bencana, (4) Sektor infrastruktur (UNDP, 2015). Sampai pada saat ini kegiatan pemulihan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pasca bencana masih dilakukan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara dan tentu tidak cukup sampai 1 atau 2 tahun kedepan untuk mengembalikan fungsi penghidupan masyarakat seperti sebelum terjadinya bencana dan dari pada itu penulis akan membahas tentang upaya pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara pasca bencana gempa bumi yang terjadi di NTB pada tahun lalu khususnya di Lombok Utara di berbagai sektor seperti Pemukiman, Infrastruktur, Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Lintas Sektor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 279, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 292, "width": 211, "height": 287, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pemulihan pasca gempa yang terjadi di Nusa Tenggara Barat khususnya di Lombok Utara pada tahun 2018 yang lalu, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriftif kualitatif, data primer yang digunakan oleh peneliti ialah dokumen perencanaan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang telah di tetapkan oleh pemerintah daerah dan data sekunder di ambil dari berita online terkait rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca gempa Lombok Utara yang bisa di pertanggung jawabkan tingkat keakuratannya, dan data tersebut di olah dengan menggunakan aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus setalah di lakukan pengcodingan langkah yang dilakukan selanjutnya adalah dengan menggunakan crostab untuk melihat upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam proses rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Pemulihan Pasca Bencana Gempa Bumi Lombok Utara Tahun 2018", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 633, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bab ini peneliti akan menyajikan hasil serta pembahasan terkait pemulihan pasca bencana dalam hal ini proses rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang telah di olah dari aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus, hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pemulihan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara ditatapkan melalui Sektor Sosial, Ekonomi, Pemukiman, Infrastruktur serta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 141", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lintas Sektor dan di berbagai sektor tersebut telah di tetapkan melalui sub bidang masing-masing yang telah di rencanakan melalui proses penilaian kerusakan dan kerugian, atau penilaian dan perhitungan pascabencana (JITUPASNA) yang menghasilkan estimasi kerusakan dan kerugian yang dihitung untuk 5 (lima) sektor utama tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 198, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pemulihan berbagai Sektor Meskipun saat ini sektor", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 442, "width": 211, "height": 327, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemukiman dan sosial menjadi prioritas utama dalam pemulihan pasca bencana tetapi dari grafik di atas menjelaskan bahwa sektor ekonomi lebih dominan dikarenakan dalam pengolahan data di Nvivo lebih banyak berbicara terkait dengan program yang di upayakan pemerintah bersama lembaga pemerintah lain dan swasta untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekonomi masyarakat terdampak, sebab sektor ekonomi merupakan bidang yang terpenting untuk penghidupan masyarakat yang akan datang. Menurut (Hadi, 2019) dari pengalaman pemulihan ekonomi pascabencana sebelumnya dari beberapa bencana lain yang telah dilakukan, khususnya setelah gempa Yogyakarta dan letusan Gunung Merapi, bahwa proses dan tahapan pemulihan ekonomi membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lebih lama dibandingkan dengan pemulihan bidang lain, sehingga target pemulihan yang tidak hanya pulih ke kondisi awal dapat tercapai, tetapi lebih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 505, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunannya dan meningkatnya kondisi ekonomi masyarakat lokal dan daerah yang lebih baik, lebih aman dan lebih berkelanjutan dalam jangka panjang untuk itu pemerintah Lombok utara harus memulihkan sektor ekonomi berbasis ketahanan untk keberlanjutan masyarakat. Pada pemulihan pasca bencana Lombok pemerintah telah menetapkan rencana aksi dalam proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi yang meliputi Sektor Pemukiman, Sosial, Infrastruktur, Ekonomi, serta Lintas Sektor sesuai dengan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan oleh baik BNPB maupun pemerintah pusat, dibeberapa daerah juga telah dilakukan hal serupa untuk melakukan rencana aksi dalam proses rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi. (Coffey, 2017) pada kasus pasca bencana letusan gunung Merapi dan Sinabung pemerintah juga telah menetapkan untuk melakukan proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi melalui berbagai sektor di antaranya Sektor Pemukiman, Sosial, Infrastruktur, Ekonomi, serta Lintas Sektor. Pada kasus pasca bencana letusan merapi pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah setempat meliputi memulihkan fungsi dan layanan dasar pemerintah, infrastruktur, serta kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya masyarakat dengan cara memulihkan lembaga-lembaga sosial masyarakat yang terkena dampak yang vital untuk proses pemulihan (rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi) jangka panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 580, "width": 211, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Memberikan stimulus untuk pemulihan mata pencaharian ekonomi dan pendapatan. Tak hanya itu penelitian (Kurnia, 2017) tentang pelaksanaan kebijakan rehab rekon perumahan pasca gempa 30 september 2009 di Sumatra Barat pemerintah menetapkan rencana aksi pemulihan pasca bencana meliputi pada kegiatan 4 sektor yaitu: Sektor Perumahan, Infrastruktur, gedung pemerintahan, Sosial, Ekonomi produktif. Berikut peneliti akan menjelaskan hasil temuan dari masing-masing sektor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 142", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemulihan Sektor sosial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 87, "width": 213, "height": 246, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor sosial merupakan sektor yang terkena dampak terbesar setelah pemukiman, kebutuhan pemulihan terbesar pada sektor sosial terdapat pada sarana keagamaan 67,32%, Pendidikan sebesar 19,42%, Fasilitas kesehatan 11,71% dan sarana seni budaya sebesar 1,56%. Kerusakan pada sektor sosial di bidang pendidikan telah menyebabkan siswa tidak dapat bersekolah untuk beberapa minggu yang diakibatkan gedung sekolah hancur pasca gempa, Pelayanan kesehatan yang menurun, dan masyarakat tidak dapat melakukan ibadah di tempat-tempat ibadah. , Pemulihan di sektor sosial dilakukan di beberapa sub-sektor di bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, agama dan budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 498, "width": 174, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Pemulihan Sektor Sosial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 213, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari figure hasil Nvivo 12 di atas pemulihan sektor sosial dilakukan melalui sub bidang bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan, pada bidang pendidikan hampir seluruh fasilitas pendidikan di Lombok Utara hancur mulai dari SD, SMP dan SMA serta setingkat lainnya, akibatnya banyak siswa yang tidak bisa belajar disekolahnya masing-masing, mereka menggunakan tenda-tenda darurat untuk mengikuti proses belajar mengajar. Upaya pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah adalah membuat tenda- tenda darurat atau sekolah sementara untuk proses belajar menajar. Pemerintah juga melibatkan lembaga atau arganisasi lain dalam merekonstruksi gedung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 218, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sekolah, pemerintah pusat melalui Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan menyiapkan dana bantuan pendidikan Rp 229 miliar untuk mendukung pemulihan sarana pendukung kegiatan belajar dan mengajar pascagempa Lombok khusunya di Lombok Utara sebelumnya pemerintah telah menyediakan tenda darurat untk belajar mengajar di sekolah, sampai saat ini Dinas Dikpora Lombok Utara mengklaim pembangunan gedung sekolah mencapai 70 % dan sisanya masih dalam tahap pengerjaan, untuk mengurangi resiko bencana kedepannya pemerintah daerah haruslah mendesain rekonstruksi gedung sekolah berbasis tahan terhadap gempa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 293, "width": 211, "height": 464, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di bidang Kesehatan hampir seluruh puskesmas dan pustu hancur akibat dari bencana Gempa Bumi, tentu masyarakat membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik pasca terjadinya bencana , pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah pada awal masa pemulihan adalah pendirian puskesmas darurat atau sementara untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat yang terdampak bencana, saat ini pemerintah telah mulai membangun puskesmas melalui kementerian kesehatan pemerintah memberi bantuan dana kepada pemerintah daerah, pembangunan yang di prioritaskan pertama adalah RSUD Lombok Utara dikarenakan bangunan yang sudah tak layak pakai akibat bencana gempa, pemerintah juga mendapat dukungan dari berbagai pihak non pemerintah atau lembaga swasta dalam pembangunan fasilitas kesehatan seperti pustu, tidak hanya dari pembangunan fisik saja akan tetapi memberikan pelayanan trauma healing kepada masyarakat terutama kepada anak-anak dengan tujuan memulihkan kondisi psikologis atau trauma pasca terjadinya bencana gempa bumi. Pada aspek keagamaan juga dampak kerusakan yang tidak akibat dari bencana gempa bumi, untuk membangun kembali fasilitas ibadah masyarakat pemerintah bekerjasama dengan berbagai lembaga non pemerintah untuk membangun fasilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 143", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 314, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ibadah baik semi permanan ataupun permanen. Pemerintah telah membangun gedung sekolah dengan skema tahan terhadap gempa, membangun sekolah yang tahan terhadap gempa dapat dianggap sebagai langkah pertama untuk membuat sekolah tangguh dalam menghadaapi gempa yang akan datang (Baytiyeh, 2019). Belajar dari gempa di cina Sebelum membangun gedung dilakukan survei geologis terlebih dahulu untuk mengidentifikasi topografi, geologi, dan kemudian membangun bangunan di daerah di mana bangunan tahan gempa serta diusahakan untuk menghindari lokasi bangunan yang aseismik. Perlu dicatat bahwa dalam hal apa pun, sekolah tidak boleh dibangun di atas patahan aktif, tanah longsor, atau pencairan tanah, yang berada di area tahan gempa. Ini akan mencegah gedung sekolah dari kerusakan parah akibat gempa bumi (Duan et al., 2018). Begitupun dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 375, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "gedung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 211, "height": 259, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelayanan kesehatan seperti Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas pemerintah harusnya melakukan kajian mendalam terlebih dahulu, mengambil kebijakan yang tepat adalah salah satu dari keberhasilan pemulihan pasca bencana. Peneliti berpendapat bahwa untuk pemulihan pasca gempa yang terjadi perlu adanya ketahanan berbasis masyarakat dikarenakan seperti yang sudah di katakan NTB khususnya Lombok mempunyai resiko gempa yang besar di masa yang akan datang untuk perlunya membangun kesadaran masyarakat untuk bisa berdampingan dengan bencana yang akan datang, pemerintah harus memberi edukasi kepada masyarakat bagaimana memberi ketahanan terhadap bahaya bencana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 142, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemulihan Sektor Ekonomi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perekonomian di Lombok Utara pasca gempa bumi merupakan sektor yang mengalami kerugian cukup signifikan, rusaknya aset dari para pelaku usaha dan UMKM, para petani mengalami kerugian pada saat panen serta banyaknya fasilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 150, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sarana dan prasarana dari pariwisata yang rusak dll menyebabkan terjadinya pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tidak stabil bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat. Upaya pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah di bidang Sektor Ekonomi meliputi berbagai sub bidang di antaranya UMKM, pertanian dan perkebunan, perikanan dan peternakan, perdagangan, serta pariwisata seperti yang terlihat pada Gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 409, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Pemulihan Sektor Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 436, "width": 211, "height": 287, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemulihan tahap awal pembangunan pasar menjadi prioritas pemerintah dalam mengembalikan kondisi ekonomi masyarakat agar perekonomian masyarakat bisa berjalan dengan baik. Dibidang UMKM yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah adalah memberikan santunan kepada pelaku usaha kecil melalui kementerian, sebanyak 148 orang pedagang usaha kecil yang tersebar di beberapa kecamatan yang ada di lombok utara menerima masing-masing Rp 2 Juta untuk membantu pemulihan kondisi usaha ekonomi. Pada bidang UMKM pemerintah lebih banyak memberikan pendampingan kepada pelaku usaha dalam hal ini pemerintah bekerjasama dengan pihak non pemerintah untuk memberi pelatihan kepada pelaku usaha UMKM untk mengelola serta meningkatkan nilai jual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 710, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "atau meningkatkan produktifitas dari usaha yang dimiliki dengan mengelola sumber daya alam lokal, tidak pemerintah daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 144", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 150, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "juga berupaya menciptakan Wira Usaha Baru (WUB) bagi masyarakat dengan memberikan peralatan penunjang untuk produksi, dalam melakukan kegiatan tersebut pemerintah perlu dukungan dari semua pihak pemangku kepentingan baik di Provinsi, Pusat dan Organisasi Swasta, pada bidang pertanian upaya yang di lakukan oleh pemerintah dalam membantu petani pasca pemulihan bencana dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 211, "width": 211, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melakukan pendistribusian bantuan pupuk, bibit tanaman, alat pertanian dan perkebunan melalui koperasi maupun unit usaha tani, pengadaan pelatihan manajemen lahan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya petani dalam mengolah lahan agar semakin efektif serta pelatihan dan pendampingan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "usaha pertanian berkelanjutan dengan bekerjasama dengan Koperasi, BUMDES, BUMD, Pemerintah dan Swasta untuk meningkatkan produktifitas hasil pertanian dan bernilai jual karena menurut (Abraham, 2018) kejadian gempa di Lombok Utara berdasarkan waktu dan data kerugian yang dilaporkan, terjadi pada saat panen, ini yang menyebabkan pada akhirnya hasil dari panan tersebut mengalami kerugian serta penurunan kualitas dan tentu para petani akan lebih fokus untuk bisa membangun kembali rumah mereka yang rusak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 525, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 211, "height": 232, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bidang pariwisata pemerintah memberikan bantuan atau dana stimulan untuk perbaikan sarana prasarana desa wisata serta untuk peningkatan ekonomi pelaku usaha di desa wisata selain itu melalui pemerintah pusat pemerintah daerah terus melakukan perbaikan pada fasilitas wisata yang ada di Lombok Utara dikarenakan pemasukan PAD Lombok Utara masuk melalui pariwisata. Pada pemulihan sektor ekonomi masyarakat di tuntut untuk mengembangkan ekonomi berdasarkan sumber daya potensial yang ada di sekitar, serta pengembangan ekonomi kreatif yang di dasarkan pada kearifan lokal dalam hal ini pemerintah bersama pihak swasta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 683, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bersinergi dalam membantu masyarakat untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan akibat gempa. 60 % Pendapatan dari pemerintah daerah berasal dari Pariwisata, meskipun perbaikan sarana-prasarana pariwisata sudah dilakukan akan tetapi itu tidak cukup untuk menarik wisatawan datang ke Lombok Utara perlu adanya langkah strategis dari pemerintah dalam pemulihan pariwisata contoh konkrit yang bisa dilakukan oleh pemerintah selain melakukan perbaikan fisik adalah dengan mengembalikan citra pariwisata Lombok Utara, karena citra merupakan kesan atau penilaian yang diberikan publik terhadap objek pariwisata yang ada di Lombok Utara pasca terjadinya gempa pada tahun 2018 pariwisata NTB khususnya Lombok Utara mendapat citra yang negatif dari berbagai wisatawan sehingga para wisatawan berfikir kembali untuk datang ke Lombok, tentu pemerintah harus berupaya sedemikian rupa untuk mengembalikan citra pariwisata yang ada d Lombok Utara. (Joakim & Wismer, 2015) belajar dari pemulihan pasca gempa yogyakarta pada tahun 2006 untuk pemulihan sektor ekonomi masyarakat bantul membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk bisa pulih kembali, upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Bantul hampir sama dengan apa yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Lombok Utara sepeti memberikan pelatihan kepada pelaku UMKM dan memberikan bantuan peralatan untk mendukung usaha masyarfakat akan tetapi pemerintah tidak mendirikan lembaga keuangan mikro untuk memberikan dukungan modal pelaku usaha untuk baik pelaku usaha UMKM yang sudah terbentuk maupun akan di bentuk serta masyarakat diberi dukungan pemasaran dan jaringan untuk mempromosikan penjualan produk mereka, inilah yang harus di upayakan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara dalam membantu para pelaku usaha UMKM sebab peralatan tanpa dukungan modal tentu tidak akan berjalan secara maksimal. Senada dengan (Dinda, 2018) dalam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 145", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian tentang pemulihan pasca bencana Gunung Sinabung pada pemulihan ekonomi pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 115, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan kursus keterampilan kepada masyarakat dan memberi modal untuk usaha kecil dan menengah dan pemerintah sendiri membuka lapangan pekerjaan berbasis keterampilan ekonomi kreatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 197, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor Pemukiman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 210, "width": 211, "height": 546, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akibat dari bencana gempa yang melanda Lombok pada tahun lalu sektor perumah merupakan sektor yang sangat besar dampaknya bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah, dari data yang ada hampir 50 ribu unit rumah mengalami kerusakan baik rusak berat, sedang maupun ringan, pembangunan pemukiman nantinya di kelola dengan skema swakelola berbasis masyarakat yangdirancang menggunakan strategi pengorganisasian masyarakat serta bertumpu pada inisiatif dan prakarsa masyarakat dan tentu dengan tidak meninggalkan kearifan lokal serta gotong royong dalam membangun rumah berbasis tahan gempa,ada beberapa pilihan yang di tawarkan oleh pemerintahan kepada masyarakat seperti Risha (rumah instan sederhana sehat), Rika (rumah instan kayu) dan Riko (rumah instan konvensional). Untuk pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah bersama kementerian dan pihak non pemerintah atau lembaga swasta adalah membangun rumah sementara kepada masyarakat yang terdampak meskipun tidak semua mendapat bantuan serta masyarakat juga lebih banyak bergerak sendiri untuk membuat rumah sementara sebagai tempat tinggal. Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat menyediakan dana rekonstruksi sekitar Rp50 juta per keluarga untuk mereka yang menderita kerusakan perumahan berat 25 juta per keluarga untuk mereka yang menderita kerusakan perumahan sedang dan Rp10 juta per keluarga untuk mereka yang menderita kerusakan perumahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 213, "height": 683, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ringan. tapi pada sampai saat rekonstruksi rumah masih menjadi permasalahan pemeintah bersama masyarakat di daerah, banyak masyarakat belum menerima haknya untuk bantuan rekonstruksi rumah tersebut, permasalahan terbesar pada pembangunan RTG tersebut ada pada proses birokrasi yang berbelit, mulai dari persoalan penerima, pokmas, nama ganda penerima, belum lagi persoalan fasilitator yang kurang, bahan bangunan yang langka SDM tukang yang minim dan masih banyak lagi. Salah satu lembaga non pemerintah yang membantu daerah dalam penanggulangan pasca bencana adalah lembaga Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT), bentuk kerjasama yang dilakukan ditunjukkan dengan penyediaan posko- posko pengungsian serta membuat pemukiman sementara untuk para korban bencana tak hanya itu ACT juga membangun WC Umum di beberapa tempat khususnya tempat yang jauh dari jangkauan, tak hanya ACT tetapi PMI juga telah membangun fasilitas umum berupa 20 Toilet umum serta mushola. tapi yang menjadi permasalahan sampai pada saat ini adalah banyaknya masyarakat yang masih mengeluh terhadap kualitas perumahan yang di bangun sebab banyak bangunan yang tidak sesuai dengan spek yang di tawarkan karena pekerjaan pemukiman ini melalui pihak ketiga dan masih banyaknya masyarakat yang belum mendapatkan dana stimulan untuk pembangunan rumah. Dari data yang ada jumlah total rumah rusak berat 44.014 yang sudah jadi 100 persen baru sebanyak 6.863 dengan presentase 15.59 persen. Sementara untuk rumah rusak sedang yang totalnya 1.758 unit yang sudah jadi 100 persen baru 101 unit atau 3.75 persen. Untuk rumah rusak ringan dari total 4.081 yang sudah jadi sebanyak 316 atau 7.74 persen sedangkan dari perkiraan awal pemulihan sektor permukiman dilaksanakan selama dua tahun anggaran, yakni tahun anggaran 2018-2019 dengan prioritas pembangunan rumah dilaksanakan pada tahun 2018 tetapi pada kenyataannya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 146", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 314, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masih jauh dari yang di rencanakan (Ong et al., 2016) mengatakan Rekonstruksi perumahan adalah salah satu kegiatan terpenting pada proses rekonstruksi pascabencana, tanpa membangun kembali rumah, kemampuan rumah tangga untuk melakukan kegiatan normal akan terhambat. Untuk pemukiman yang berada di kawasan resiko rawan terhadap bencana yaitu pada sesar aktif ditetapkan kebijakan pemindahan atau relokasi ke tempat yang aman sesuai dengan rekomendasi Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) melalui mekanisme relokasi komunal maupun mandiri. Adapun rumah yang berada pada zona aman dapat dilakukan pembangunan kembali/perbaikan secara in-situ (tapak semula) tetapi sampai pada pemulihan saat ini relokasi warga tidak dapat dilakukan karena berbagai pertimbangan akibatnya masyarakat tetap membangun rumah di tempat semula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya untuk merehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang telah dilakukan pemerintah pun telah dilaksakan hingga saat ini, tetapi banyak yg menjadi masalahan saat pembangunan rumah warga dari awal pelaksanaan sampai pada saaat ini, dari keadaan birokrasi yang berbelit-belit sampai masih adanya masyarakat yang belum mernerima dana stimulan perbaikan rumah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Christ et al., 2017) Belajar dari pengalaman erupsi merapi 2010 tentang rekonstruksi permukiman berbasis masyarakat di Kabupaten Cangkringan pemerintah menggunakan sistem Rekompak yang diadopsi dari", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 607, "width": 211, "height": 150, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keberhasilan pemulihan di Aceh dan Bantul. Sistem ini menempatkan masyarakat sebagai aktor utama dalam rekonstruksi permukiman. Setiap fase dalam Rekonstruksi Permukiman Berbasis Masyarakat di Kabupaten Cangkringan seperti perencanaan, konstruksi, kontrol dan evaluasi, melibatkan masyarakat, Masyarakat mengambil peran penting dalam proses rekonstruksi, hasil dari program ini bagi masyarakat benar-benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "di rasakan dengan baik. berbeda dengan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Lombok Utara dalam rencana aksi rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi menekankan bahwa dalam pembangunan kembali rumah warga perlunya keterlibatan masyarakat atau partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan rumah akan tetapi pada kenyataannya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam perencanaan sampai pada pelaksanaan rekonstruksi rumah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 224, "width": 212, "height": 396, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterlibatan partisipasi masyarakat masih kurang, dibentuknya Kelompok Masyarakat atau POKMAS memang dinilai baik untuk membawa semangat gotong royong akan tetapi tidak berjalan secara maksimal karena sebagian besar masyarakat lebih memilih untuk menggunakan pihak ketiga dalam pembangunan rumah, dari segi pengawasan pemerintah pun masih lemah ini terlihat dari banyaknya rumah yang tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi rumah tahan gempa, serta banyaknya aplikator yang korupsi uang dana stimulan rumah. Penelitian dari (Ophiyandri et al., 2013) mengungkapkan keberhasilan Aceh, Nias dan Yogyakarta dalam merekonstruksi perumahan di dukung oleh beberapa faktor yaitu, transparansi dan akuntabilitas, strategi / kebijakan rekonstruksi yang tepat, dan pemahaman tentang metode berbasis masyarakat, partisipasi dan kontrol masyarakat serta koordinasi dan komunikasi yang baik. Tanpa adanya transparansi dari pemerintah tentu masyarakat menaruh ketidakpercayaan kepada pemerintah serta akan berdampak kepada faktor keberhasilan yang lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 621, "width": 211, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah seharusnya melakukan mengevaluasi dikarenakan banyaknya permasalahan yang masih terjadi di masyarakat khususnya rekonstruksi rumah warga sebab rekonstruksi menjadi suatu yang penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 147", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor Infrastruktur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 87, "width": 211, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor Infrastruktur merupakan sektor penting untuk mendukung kegiatan aktifitas sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat, tanpa infrastruktur yang baik tentu aktifitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat menjadi terhambat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 211, "height": 232, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terjadinya bencana gempa yang terjadi pada tahun 2018 di Lombok Utara mengakibatkan rusaknya berbagai infrastruktur yang ada dan aktifitas masyarakat menjadi terganggu serta secara tidak langsung berdampak terhadap kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar. Dari laporan yang ada angka kerugian yang di timbulkan mencapai Rp.303.676.794.062, pemulihan pada sektor Infrastruktur dilakukan melalui sub bidang di antaranya terdiri atas pemenuhan kebutuhan sub sektor transportasi baik darat laut dan sebagainya, energi, sumber daya air, pos dan komunikasi serta sanitasi dan kebutuhan air bersih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 569, "width": 208, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Pemulihan sektor infrastruktur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 211, "height": 164, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari figure diatas dapat dilihat bahwa bidang air bersih menjadi suatu perhatian serisu dari pemerintah dan non pemerintah karena menjadi kebutuhan hidup bagi masyarakat, pemenuhan air bersih dan sanitasi pasca bencana merupakan suatu hal yang paling mendasar dan tentu menjadi priorotas dalam pemulihan pasca bencana yang terjadi di Lombok Utara terlihat dari berbagai upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah, pada saat gempa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 327, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terputusnya jaringan air bersih PDAM dan sumur milik masyarakat yang tertutup akibat reruntuhan gempa membuat para warga kesulitan dalam mendapatkan air bersih, tentu dalam perbaikan jaringan PDAM tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Pada bidang transportasi darat pemerintah melakukan perbaikan jalan yang mengalami kerusakan berat guna memudahkan akses baik untuk menyalurkan bantuan ataupun untuk mendukung kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat, beberapa jembatan penghubung antar wilayah saat ini juga telah selesai di rekonstruksi bersama kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. Pada bidang Sanitasi dan air bersih pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah bersama lembaga terkait ataupun swasta memberikan sumur bor kepada wilayah yang terdampak terutama yang jauh dari jangkauan air dan saat ini rekonstruksi Sumber air telah selesai di kerjakan oleh institusi terkait dalam hal ini PDAM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 416, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lintas Sektor", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 429, "width": 211, "height": 245, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dampak yang di timbulkan pasca terjadinya gempa bumi pada lintas sektor berupa kerusakan fisik dari kantor-kantor pemerintaha yang ada di Lombok Utara sehingga menyebabkan terganggunya aktifitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat, kegiatan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca bencana lintas sektor terdiri atas pemenuhan kebutuhan sub sektor Pemerintahan, keamanan ketertiban, Lingkungan Hidup, perbankan dan pengurangan resiko bencana, dengan perkiraan total kebutuhan sebesar Rp. 389,195,154,943 diperuntukan tersebesar untuk sub sektor pemerintahan yaitu 58,58% mengingat hampir seluruh kantor pemerintahan mengalami kerusakan berat maupun sedang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 148", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 239, "width": 176, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Pemulihan Lintas Sektor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 211, "height": 492, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun dari hasil Nvivo 12 pengurangan resiko bencana mencapai 33 % tetapi prioritas awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah adalah pada pemulihan kembali fungsi pelayanan publik dan sarana prasarana pemerintahan seperti pembangunan tenda-tenda darurat atau kantor sementara untuk kebutuhan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Pembangunan kembali secara permanen gedung-gedung pemerintahan yang rusak tentu akan dilakukan secara bertahap mengingat kebutuhan yang di butuhkan oleh pemerintah daerah tidaklah sedikit, seiring dengan menunggu komitmen pemerintah pusat untuk memberikan anggaran lebih kepada pemerintah Lombok Utara. Pemerintah menginginkan untuk pembangunan gedung kantor bupati diharapkan Kemendagri bisa membantu dalam hal pembiayaan. Pada bidang pengurangan resiko bencana warga yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana tinggi, diupayakan untuk di lakukan relokasi ke tempat yang aman sesuai dengan rekomendasi PVMBG karena ada beberapa wilayah berdasarkan hasil kajian di rekomendasikan untk di relokasi sebab ada sekitar 29 Dusun di dataran tinggi dinilai harus direlokasi, pemerintah juga tidak semudah itu untuk melakukan relokasi, dan yang menjadi permasalahan adalah banyak warga yang menolak di relokasi karena beberapa pertimbangan dan juga pemerintah memerlukan kajian yang lebih luas terkait dengan pembiayaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 26, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "serta", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 213, "height": 683, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penghidupan masyaraka kedepannya, upaya lain yang telah di lakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan pemahaman serta kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap resioko bencana yang akan datang yaitu dengan memberikan sosialisasi dan memberi pelatihan pengurangan resiko bencana, serta pepemrintah telah membentuk desa siaga bencana di beberapa desa, Pendidikan dan pelatihan pengurangan risiko bencana juga telah dilakukan guna menumbuhkan dan menanamkan budaya keselamatan dan kesiapsiagaan bagi masyarakat yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana tinggi selain itu pemerintah juga membentuk sekolah siaga bencana untuk beberapa sekolah di Lombok Utara, siswa di beri pelatihan atau edukasi terkait dengan mitigasi bencana tentu ini menjadi langkah yang baik untuk pemerintah mengurangi resiko bencana untuk yang akan datang. Seperti yang di ketahui pemulihan Lintas Sektor dilakukan melalui berbagai sub bidang tetapi yang menjadi sorotan penting dalam diskusi ini adalah Pengurangan Resiko Bencana (PRB) yang akan datang sebab potensi adanya bencana di Lombok masih sangat besar untuk itu sangat penting PRB menjadi prioritas pemerintah daerah selain merekonstruksi di bidang lain. Pemerintah daerah mempunyai kapasitas atau peran penting dalam pengurangan resiko bencana, pengurangan risiko bencana menjadi suatu kebutuhan yang harus direncanakan secara sistematis oleh pemangku kepentingan dalam menghadapi resiko bencana yang akan datang, pengurangan resiko bencana berbasis masyarak bisa menjadi jawaban dalam hal tersebut pemerintah harus melibatkan masyarakat serta memberikan pendidikan kebencanaan kepada masyarakt, penelitian dari (Pascapurnama et al., 2018) belajar dari jepang negara yang rawan akan adanya resiko bencana, pendidikan bencana di Jepang telah diterapkan sejak sedini mungkin kepada anak-anak sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 149", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 532, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dinamakan Sekolah Siaga Bencana (SSB) pemerintah Jepang menyadari bahwa siswa adalah salah satu ujung tombak dalam pencegahan dan tanggapan bencana. Di sekolah, pendidikan bencana diatur berdasarkan Undang-Undang yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah jepang serta pendidikan kebencanaan telah masuk ke kurikulum sekolah, misalnya, di tingkat sekolah dasar, siswa diajarkan mengenali jenis-jenis bencana, mengetahui peran pekerja publik seperti petugas pemadam kebakaran, dan mencegah cedera ketika terjadi bencana. Di tingkat masyarakat umum pemerintah harus melibatkan dalam hal kesiapsiagaan, tanggap darurat, dan pemulihan dari bencana alam. PRB berbasis masyarakat memungkinkan masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi secara positif dan aktif dalam rencana PRB sehingga mereka dapat diberdayakan dan memiliki peningkatan kapasitas mereka untuk mengurangi kerentanan mereka terhadap bahaya alam. Di Indonesia, kegiatan-kegiatan dalam PRB berbasis masyarakat secara umum memang telah di terapakan tetapi sangat sedikit pemerintah yang paham akan konsep dari PRB berbasis masyarakat tersebut atau tidak berjalannya secara efektif. Pasca terjadinya Gempa Bumi di Lombok Utara pemerintah memang telah menerapkan dibeberapa sekolah program Sekolah Siaga Bencana (SSB) ini merupakan langkah baik yang telah di lakukan oleh pemerintah yang perlu mencadi evaluasi adalah tidak hanya memberikan sekedar simulasi kebencanaan akan tetapi harus dimasukkan kedalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 164, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kurikulum pendidikan sekolah agar bisa bertahan pada resiko bencana mendatang serta agenda PRB harus masuk kedalam ke dalam rencana pembangunan daerah, pemerintah daerah harus mulai meninjau dan mengevaluasi rencana tata ruang yang ada untuk disinkronkan dengan rencana dan program untuk mengurangi Risiko Bencana. Dalam hal ini, BAPPEDA memiliki posisi strategis sebagai perencana PRB serta pemerintah daerah harus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membuat pemetaan resiko bencana agar memudahkan dalam perencanaan PRB tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 129, "width": 211, "height": 627, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan kesimpulan ialah pemerintah lombok utara dalam melakukan pemulihan pasca bencana berfokus melalui 5 Sektor diantaranya Sektor Pemkiman, Ekonomi, Infrastruktur, Sosial dan Lintas Sektor dari berbagai sektor tersebut memiliki sub bidang pemulihan, serta pemulihan pasca bencana berpedoman kepada Inpres Nomor 5 tahun 2018 tentang percepatan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi penanganan gempa Lombok yang telah di buat oleh Presiden RI, penyusunan rencana rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca terjadinya bencana didasarkan pada hasil Pengkajian Kebutuhan Pasca Bencana (Jitu Pasna) yang telah di susun bersama lembaga pemerintah yang mempunyai wewenang dan rencana tersebut dipadukan dengan kebijakan serta kemampuan pembiayaan dari pemerintah Pusat maupun Daerah, dunia usaha atau sumber dana lainnya yang sah.Pemulihan pasca gempa lombok juga telah melibatkan berbagai lembaga kepentingan yang terkait seperti kementerian dan lembaga lain serta pihak non pemerintah atau swasta telah banyak bersinergi dengan pemerintah daera untuk membantu meringankan beban masyarakat. Pada awal masa pemulihan pasca bencana pembangunan pemukiman masyarakat, fasilitas fisik pendidikan sperti gedung sekolah serta pemulihan sektor ekonomi menjadi skala prioritas pemerintah daerah, pemulihan sektor ekonomi telah dilakukan dengan berbagai upaya pendampingan serta pelatihan kepada masyarakat khususnya pelaku UMKM akan tidak cukup kuat untuk memberikan modal ataupun keberlanjtan pemasaran yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Meskipun pemulihan berjalan dengan baik sampai pada saat ini tetapi ada sejumlah permasalahan yang harus di jadikan bahan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 \| p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a \| 150", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "evaluasi pemerintah daerah seperti keterlambatan pembangunan Rumah Tahan Gempa (RTG) bagi masyarakat yang sampai pada saat ini juga masih banyak yang belum menerima bantuan serta masih adanya fasilitator yang bermasalah di lapangan sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya keterlambatan ini terlihat dari jumlah rumah yang dibangun masih jauh yang di harapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 237, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abraham , Wiwaha, A. 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e36a96c4-87cd-01bf-c388-82ad07e70509	https://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi/article/download/1862/1101	[ { "left": 301, "top": 27, "width": 269, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi dan Akuntansi (JPENSI ) http://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi e-ISSN 2621-3168 p-ISSN 2502 – 3764", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 781, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 781, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 100, "width": 363, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Size And Capital Intensity Affect Tax Avoidance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 212, "top": 156, "width": 200, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum 1 , Agus Afandi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 174, "width": 285, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faculty of Economics and Business, Pamulang University, [email protected] [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 250, "width": 60, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 250, "width": 390, "height": 184, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract Received Jan 14, 2024 Revised Jan 25, 2024 Published Feb 10, 2024 Research proves corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity affect tax avoidance. Energy sector companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018-2022 with purposive sampling and secondary data. Multiple linear regression data analysis method processed by Eviews 12 software. The results of this study simultaneously corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity have a significant effect on tax avoidance. The results of this study partially corporate social responsibility and company size have no significant effect and capital intensity has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 396, "width": 114, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Size, Capital Intensity, Tax Avoidance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 476, "width": 99, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 501, "width": 402, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT Adaro Energy is suspected of transfer pricing and minimizing tax payments by transferring many profits. In 2017 PT Adaro Energy utilized its Singapore subsidiary Coaltrade Service International to pay less than it should have paid to the Indonesian government.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 584, "width": 400, "height": 126, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1.State Revenue 2018-2020 (In Billion Rupiah) Source of Revenue 2018 2019 2020 Tax revenue Rp1.928.110,00 Rp1.955.136,20 Rp1.628.950,53 Non-tax revenue Rp409.320,20 Rp408.94,30 Rp343.814,21 Grants Rp15.564,90 Rp5.497,30 Rp18.832,82 Total Rp1.943.674,90 Rp1.960.633,60 Rp1.647.783,34 https://www.bps.go.id/", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 714, "width": 401, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It can be seen that the important role of tax revenue in the total state revenue is very dominant. It illustrates how dependent the government is on tax", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 285, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "revenue as a source of funding for the economy. In 2019 tax revenue amounted to IDR 1,960,633.60 while tax revenue in 2020 amounted to IDR 1,647,783.34 this amount decreased from the previous year. The decline in tax revenue in 2020 caused by Covid 19, Mrs. Sri Mulyani said that state revenue in 2020 experienced a very deep decline while spending increased very high during the Covid 19 pandemic that hit Indonesia, this revenue fell by Rp 312.8 trillion or 15.9% compared to conditions before Covid, namely the 2019 fiscal year, the realization of state revenue consisted of tax revenue of Rp 1,285.1 trillion, Non-tax state revenue of Rp 343.8 trillion and grant revenue of Rp 18.8 trillion, while the realization of state expenditure reached Rp 2595.4 trillion or 94.7% with a deficit of Rp 947.6 trillion, the net financing reached Rp 1,193.2 trillion, which came from domestic financing and foreign financing, a very large APBN deficit was used to withstand the conditions of society and the economy that experienced an extraordinary shock due to the covid 19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 361, "width": 401, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax avoidance is an action taken \"legally\" by utilizing loopholes in existing tax regulations to avoid paying taxes, or conducting transactions that have a purpose other than to avoid taxes. Taxes play a very important role in supporting the financial independence of a nation, taxes will determine the capacity of the state budget to finance state expenditure (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 464, "width": 402, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to the World Bank Group, corporate social responsibility is referred to as a sustainable business commitment that contributes to the economy and affects the surrounding environment and society. The higher the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure of a company, the lower the level of corporate tax avoidance (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 568, "width": 403, "height": 181, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax avoidance is not in accordance with the principle of corporate social responsibility which is carried out in an effort to gain legitimacy from the community (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) because the company maintains an image in the eyes of the community carried out in the company's efforts to protect the surrounding environment as a form of corporate concern for the surrounding environment. The results of previous research examining the effect of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance are still inconsistent. Based on research conducted by (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) shows that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, according to (Zoebar & Miftah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 754, "width": 399, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2020) CSR has a positive effect on tax avoidance, the higher the company discloses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CSR, the higher the company's tax avoidance, this is because the CSR activities carried out are still considered a burden and no longer part of community development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 402, "height": 264, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Company size as a scale or value that can classify a company into large or small categories according to various ways such as total assets or total assets of the company, stock market value, average sales level and number, the maturity stage of the company is determined based on total assets, the greater the total assets indicate that the company has good prospects in a relatively long period of sales (puspita sari & Marsono, 2021) . According to (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) company size has a positive effect on tax avoidance, the larger the size of the company, the greater the resources it has, so that large companies are better able to make good tax planning and adopt effective accounting practices to reduce the company's earning tax rate (ETR). Other research conducted by (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) found different results that the company size variable had no effect on tax avoidance. (Shafira et al., 2022) in her research found that company size has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 402, "width": 402, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fixed assets (capital intensity) as one of the company's wealth has an impact that can reduce the company's income where almost all fixed assets can experience depreciation or depreciation which will be a cost for the company itself. Fixed assets owned by the company deduct taxes due to depreciation which will be the cost of depreciation in the company's financial statements. The greater the depreciation expense, the smaller the level of tax that must be paid, this has an impact on companies with a large capital intensity ratio level showing a low effective tax rate, with a low effective tax rate indicating the company is practicing tax avoidance (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 588, "width": 402, "height": 120, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on research conducted by (Ganiswari, 2019) which shows that the capital intensity variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance. While these results differ from research conducted by (Dwiyanti & Jati, 2019) and (Kalbuana et al., 2020) Capital Intensity has a positive effect on tax avoidance, the higher the capital intensity of a company, the higher the level of tax avoidance by the company, the higher the level of tax avoidance by the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 712, "width": 405, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the background description above, in this way the researcher formulates the research hypothesis as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 754, "width": 400, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₁ : It is suspected that corporate social responsibility, company size and capital", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 71, "width": 253, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "intensity have a significant effect on tax avoidance..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 91, "width": 398, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₂ : It is suspected that corporate social responsibility has a significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 383, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₃ : It is suspected that company size has a significant effect on tax avoidance..", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 154, "width": 406, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₄ : It is suspected that capital intensity has a significant effect on tax avoidance..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 195, "width": 64, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 216, "width": 404, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Type of data in quantitative method research using secondary data according to (Sugiyono, 2019). The population of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018 to 2022. y data analysis technique, namely multiple linear regression with panel data. In this study, it was processed using Eviews 12. The operational definition of variables is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 319, "width": 92, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Grand Theory", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 340, "width": 404, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agency theory is a form of cooperation between company owners and managers (agents). Agency theory is the relationship between the principle and the agent, the agent is tasked with improving the running of the company and prospering the principle. As an agent, the manager is morally responsible for optimizing the profits of the owners and in return the agent will receive compensation in accordance with the contract. Thus there are two different interests to achieve prosperity (Suripto, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 485, "width": 402, "height": 264, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The relationship between agency theory and tax avoidance is a form of effort to streamline and reduce the tax burden by avoiding taxation and obtaining transaction benefits so that companies will carry out various policies to maximize company performance. Resources owned by the company can be used by agency theory to maximize agent performance compensation, namely by reducing the company's tax burden to maximize company performance. reducing the company's tax burden to maximize company performance. The link between agency theory and capital intensity is that this is because agency theory emphasizes more on the amount of corporate tax burden, idle funds in the company by managers who will be invested in the form of fixed asset investment, with the aim of obtaining benefits in the form of depreciation expense that can be used as a tax deduction so that taxable income becomes low. The link between agency theory and company size is to consider the level of agency needed based on the size of the company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 150, "top": 754, "width": 367, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corporate legitimacy theory always tries to create a balance between", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 406, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "corporate values and social norms in the surrounding social environment, where the company is part of the social environment. This is done to gain legitimacy from the community. One of the efforts to gain community legitimacy is by paying taxes in accordance with applicable laws and regulations without carrying out activities that can harm many parties and other people. Legitimacy theory is a social contract with the society in which the company operates and uses economic resources. In legitimacy theory, companies focus on interactions with stakeholders. This is important because companies need recognition from investors, creditors, consumers, government, and the surrounding community. Companies that are aware of their survival will rely heavily on society and the environment ( (Tahar &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 278, "width": 84, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rachmawati, 2020) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 298, "width": 402, "height": 79, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The link between legitimacy theory and corporate social responsibility is a key factor in the success and survival of the company, in accordance with the presumption of legitimacy theory, the higher the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, the more it will get a positive image from the community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 402, "width": 95, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tax Avoidance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 423, "width": 401, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax avoidance is not a violation of tax law because the taxpayer's efforts to reduce, avoid, minimize or ease the tax burden are carried out in a way that is permitted by the Tax Law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 485, "width": 400, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The company's strategy to minimize the tax burden by utilizing loopholes from tax provisions is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) proxy. ETR was chosen as a proxy for measuring tax calculation because the average corporate tax payment in Indonesia is still accrual (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 567, "width": 148, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐵𝐵𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 625, "width": 177, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Corporate Social Responsibility", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 645, "width": 403, "height": 120, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corporate social responsibility is the responsibility for the impact of decisions and activities on society and the environment in a transparent, ethical manner, and contributes to sustainable development (Suripto, 2021). Corporate social responsibility disclosure is information related to the form of responsibility for the business implementation process, where the disclosure is presented in the form of the company's annual report and sustainability report. In this study, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "corporate social responsibility variable will be measured using a sustainability report using the indicators written in the Financial Services Authority Circular Letter (SEOJK) No. 16 / SEOJK.04 / 2021 as a disclosure index using content analysis, a method or technique used to transfer data and qualitative data into quantitative data. Thus this research is carried out by transferring qualitative regarding the company's CSR disclosure in the company's annual report into a score and the index disclosure will use a dichotomous method, namely giving a value of 1 (one) for items that are \"disclosed\" and a value of 0 (zero) for items that are \"not disclosed\". The following is the calculation formula:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 257, "width": 59, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼 = 𝛴𝛴𝑇𝑇𝑃𝑃", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 329, "top": 274, "width": 7, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "n", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 291, "width": 91, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Company Size", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 312, "width": 402, "height": 98, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Company size is a container that can be used to obtain economic resources that are of value and can also generate profits for the company. The bigger a company is, the greater the total assets it has. In an effort to reduce the tax burden to a minimum, the company conducts tax planning to reduce taxable income (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 417, "width": 178, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐶𝐶𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝐼𝐼𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑆𝑆𝐼𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿𝐼𝐼 ( 𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐴𝐴𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 436, "width": 101, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Capital Intensity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 457, "width": 401, "height": 119, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Capital intensity is proxied using the fixed asset intensity ratio, the fixed asset intensity ratio is used to measure the ratio of fixed assets to the total assets of a company, where this ratio describes the proportion or how much fixed assets the company has from its total assets. Capital Intensity in this study is proxied using the fixed asset intensity ratio. Fixed asset intensity ratio is the ratio of fixed assets to the total assets of a company with the calculation formula (Sandra & Anwar, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 581, "width": 215, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐴𝐴𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼 = total fixed assets", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 258, "top": 598, "width": 57, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Total Asset", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 636, "width": 163, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Descriptive Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 678, "width": 401, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Descriptive statistic analysis is used to determine the description of a data seen from the maximum value, minimum value, average value (mean), median value (median) and standard deviation value.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 238, "top": 71, "width": 152, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Descriptive Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 104, "width": 328, "height": 192, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ETR CSR UP CI Mean 0.222520 0.379000 20.97095 0.303782 Median 0.223430 0.380000 20.09067 0.205087 Maximum 0.478616 0.600000 29.80987 0.829461 Minimum 0.050251 0.140000 18.41322 0.028253 Std. Dev. 0.099849 0.116308 3.161349 0.250347 Skewness 0.311766 -0.050346 1.978476 0.927496 Kurtosis 3.153268 2.297473 5.889582 2.474861 Jarque-Bera 0.858924 1.049339 50.01489 7.743261 Probability 0.650859 0.591751 0.000000 0.020824 Sum 11.12601 18.95000 1048.547 15.18908 Sum Sq. Dev. 0.488525 0.662850 489.7122 3.071012 Observations 50 50 50 50", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 311, "width": 400, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. ETR variable The results of the Descriptive statistical test in the table show that the tax avoidance variable (Y) has a minimum value of 0.050251 in PT Trans Power Marini, a maximum value of 0.478616 in PT Indotambang Raya with an average or mean value of 0.222520 and a standard deviation value of 0.099859, which means that the mean value is greater than the standard deviation, meaning that statistically tax avoidance has met the standards which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 456, "width": 403, "height": 161, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. The CSR variable descriptive statistical test results in the table show that corporate social responsibility has a minimum value of 0.140000 at PT Mitrabara Adiperna Tbk, a maximum value of 0.600000 is found at PT Elnusa Tbk with a mean value of 0.379000 and a deviation value of 0.116308 which means that the mean value is greater than the deviation value so that it indicates that the results are quite good which means that statistically corporate social responsibility has met the standards which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 622, "width": 400, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Variable UP the results of the descriptive statistical test in the table show that the company size has a minimum value of 18.41322 found at PT Trans Tower Marine, a maximum value of 29.80987 at PT Elnusa Tbk, the mean value has a value of 20.97095 and a standard deviation value of 3.161349 which means that the mean value is greater than the standard deviation so that it indicates that the results are quite good which means that statistically the size of the company has met the standards which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 402, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Variable CI the results of the statistical test in the table show that capital intensity has a minimum value of 0.028253 at PT Tbs Energi Tbk, a maximum value of 0.829461 at PT Trans Tower Marine, the mean value has a value of 0.303782 and a standard deviation value of 0.250347 which means that the mean value is greater than the standard deviation so that it indicates that the results are quite good which means that statistically capital intensity has met the standard which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 215, "width": 128, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Classic Assumption Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 236, "width": 403, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Before analyzing panel data regression, it is necessary to test several classical assumptions used, namely normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity which in detail can be explained as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 298, "width": 81, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Normality Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 319, "width": 405, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The normality test aims to test whether in the regression method, confounding or residual variables have a normal distribution. In this study using the distribution on the histogram and jarque-bera (JB).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 556, "width": 130, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Normality Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 577, "width": 403, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is known that the probability value is 0.216100, greater than the significance level of 0.05. It can be concluded that the data is normally distributed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 618, "width": 118, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multicollinearity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 639, "width": 401, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multicollinearity is a linear relationship between independent variables that aims to test whether there is a high or perfect correlation between independent variables in the regression model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 234, "top": 71, "width": 159, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Multicollinearity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 92, "width": 218, "height": 71, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CSR UP CI CSR 1.000000 0.361390 0.064183 UP 0.361390 1.000000 -0.270568 CI 0.064183 -0.270568 1.000000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 165, "width": 403, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is known that the value of each independent variable, namely CSR, UP and CI has a value of less than 0.80, meaning that the data does not occur multicollinearity problems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 227, "width": 122, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 248, "width": 399, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The heteroscedasticity test aims to test whether in the regression model there is an inequality of variance from the residuals of one observation to another. In this observation to detect the presence of heteroscedasticity can be done by testing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 310, "width": 163, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 342, "width": 328, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "F-statistic 1.340873 Prob. F(9,40) 0.2474 ObsR-squared 11.58858 Prob. Chi-Square(9) 0.2375 Scaled explained SS 12.72742 Prob. Chi-Square(9) 0.1753", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 399, "width": 405, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the table above can be seen that the p value indicated by the prob value of chi square (9) on obs R-Squared is 0.2375 therefore the p value of 0.2375> 0.05 thus, it can be concluded that this study does not occur heteroscedasticity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 482, "width": 110, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Autocorrelation Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 503, "width": 402, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Autocorrelation test is used to test whether the regression model finds a correlation between confounding errors in period t-1 (previous). If there is a correlation, it is called a correlation problem. Testing for autocorrelation symptoms can be done with the Durbin-Waston test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 586, "width": 154, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Autocorrelation Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 618, "width": 328, "height": 106, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Root MSE 0.080325 R-squared 0.339629 Mean dependent var 0.222520 Adjusted R-squared 0.296562 S.D. dependent var 0.099849 S.E. of regression 0.083745 Akaike info criterion -2.045465 Sum squared resid 0.322608 Schwarz criterion -1.892503 Log likelihood 55.13662 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.987216 F-statistic 7.885947 Durbin-Watson stat 1.627175 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000239", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 150, "top": 738, "width": 364, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is known that the Durbin-Watson stat value is 1.627175. Thus, the data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tested is concluded to have no autocorrelation, because the Durbin-Watson value is between -2 and +2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 112, "width": 162, "height": 17, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Panel Data Regression Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 399, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To examine whether there is a causal relationship between the independent variables or to examine how much influence Deferred Tax Assets, Deferred Tax Expenses and Current Tax Expenses have on the dependent variable, namely Earnings Management.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 215, "width": 209, "height": 17, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Panel Data Regression Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 183, "top": 248, "width": 294, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 0.108257 0.088629 1.221459 0.2281 CSR -0.028905 0.112158 -0.257716 0.7978 UP 0.008575 0.004277 2.004842 0.0509 CI -0.179792 0.050468 -3.562524 0.0009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 348, "width": 402, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of a simple analysis on the panel data regression purchasing table as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 389, "width": 395, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ETR = 0.108257 – 0.28905 CSR + 0.008575 UP - 0.179792 CI + e The results of the regression equation above can explain each variable as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 431, "width": 400, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The constant value in the regression equation is 0.108257, this indicates that if the independent variable, namely corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity, is zero, then tax avoidance has a value of 0.108257.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 493, "width": 401, "height": 119, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has a coefficient value of -0.028905, this means that if Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) increases by one unit and other independent variables are considered constant, ETR will decrease by - 0.028905, and vice versa if Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) decreases by one unit and other independent variables are considered constant, ETR will increase by -0.028905.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 617, "width": 401, "height": 99, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Company Size (UP) has a coefficient value of 0.008575, this means that if the company size (UP) increases by one unit and the other independent variables do not change or are constant, the ETR will increase by 0.008575, and vice versa if the company size (UP) decreases by one unit and the other independent variables are considered constant, the ETR will decrease by 0.008575.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 720, "width": 401, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Capital Intensity (CI) The coefficient value is -0.179792, this means that if capital intensity (CI) increases by one unit and other independent variables are", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 71, "width": 385, "height": 57, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "considered constant, ETR will decrease by -0.179792, and vice versa if capital intensity (CI) decreases by one unit and other independent variables are considered constant, ETR will increase by 0.179792.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 153, "width": 137, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Determination Coefficient", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 174, "width": 400, "height": 78, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The coefficient of determination test is a number that shows the degree of ability of the independent variables in the function concerned. The value of R2 is between zero and one (0 < R < 1). If the value is close to one, then the model is good.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 257, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 7. Determination Coefficient", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 289, "width": 328, "height": 105, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Root MSE 0.080325 R-squared 0.339629 Mean dependent var 0.222520 Adjusted R-squared 0.296562 S.D. dependent var 0.099849 S.E. of regression 0.083745 Akaike info criterion -2.045465 Sum squared resid 0.322608 Schwarz criterion -1.892503 Log likelihood 55.13662 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.987216 F-statistic 7.885947 Durbin-Watson stat 1.627175 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000239", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 409, "width": 402, "height": 99, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results in the table obtained an Adjusted R-squared value of 0.296562, it shows that the percentage of influence of the independent variables, namely corporate social responsinility, company size and capital intensity on the dependent variable, namely tax avoidance, is 29% and the remaining 71% is influenced by other independent variables not examined in this research method.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 533, "width": 85, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypothesis Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 554, "width": 401, "height": 99, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypothesis testing is carried out to test whether the independent variable has an influence on the dependent variable. The hypothesis will be tested using a significance level or alpha level of 5%. If the significance value is smaller than 5% alpha, it can be said that there is a real influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable and vice versa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 75, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simultan Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 254, "top": 112, "width": 119, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 8. Simultan Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 144, "width": 328, "height": 106, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Root MSE 0.080325 R-squared 0.339629 Mean dependent var 0.222520 Adjusted R-squared 0.296562 S.D. dependent var 0.099849 S.E. of regression 0.083745 Akaike info criterion -2.045465 Sum squared resid 0.322608 Schwarz criterion -1.892503 Log likelihood 55.13662 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.987216 F-statistic 7.885947 Durbin-Watson stat 1.627175 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000239", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 264, "width": 403, "height": 327, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The calculated F value is 7.885947 and a significant value of 0.000239. The Ftabel value is obtained by the formula f count with df (numerator) = k-1, 4-1 = 3 and df2 (peneybut) n-k 50-4 = 46. Based on the results of testing the random effect model in the table above, the results show that the F-stastistic is 7.885947> F table 2.81 and the probability value of the F-statistic <0.05, namely 0.000239. This shows that the variables of corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity simultaneously have a significant effect on tax avoidance. This makes companies take risks by minimizing the tax burden in various ways. Companies involved in tax avoidance are companies that are not socially responsible so that the company's decision to reduce its tax rate or to avoid taxes is influenced by its attitude towards corporate social responsibility (Sandra & Anwar, 2018). Company size also affects tax avoidance by proxying the high and low level of activity operations of a company which is parallel to the size of a company. According to ((Sandra & Anwar, 2018) the company invests its assets in fixed assets and inventory. In capital intensity research using fixed asset intensity. The higher the company's capital intensity, the higher the tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 595, "width": 67, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parsial Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 636, "width": 294, "height": 119, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9. Parsial Test Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 0.108257 0.088629 1.221459 0.2281 CSR -0.028905 0.112158 -0.257716 0.7978 UP 0.008575 0.004277 2.004842 0.0509 CI -0.179792 0.050468 -3.562524 0.0009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 75, "width": 401, "height": 120, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the t test results that have been presented in the table above, it can be seen that the calculated T value and the resulting significant value for each variable and the T table value are obtained from (df = n-k = 50 - 4 = 46) at a = 0.05 (0.05: 2 = 0.025) seen from the T distribution table, the result is 2.01290 and it can be concluded that the hypothesis test results on each independent variable are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 199, "width": 403, "height": 286, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The corporate social responsibility variable has a probability value> significant 0.05 or 0.7978> 0.05 and a calculated T value of 0.257716 < 2.01290. This shows that H1 is rejected so it can be concluded that in this study the Corporate Social Responsibility variable has no effect on tax avoidance. In this study, there is no significant effect between CSR disclosure on tax avoidance, this happens because there is still little CSR disclosure made by energy sector companies during the 2018-2022 period, based on the statistical data processed, it is known that the average CSR disclosure of energy sector companies during 2018-2022 is below 50% or exactly 37.90%. The results of this study are in line with (Sihombing & Sudjiman, 2022) and (Hayati & Okmawati, 2019) which state that corporate social responsibility variables have no effect on tax avoidance. However, the results of this study are not in line with research (Zoebar & Miftah, 2020) and (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) which state that corporate social responsibility variables have a negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 489, "width": 403, "height": 265, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. The firm size variable has a probability value> significant 0.05 or 0.0509> 0.05 and a calculated T value of 2.004842 < 2.01290. This shows that H2 is rejected so it can be concluded that in this study the firm size variable has no effect on tax avoidance. Companies that have a large size and have large revenues will be subject to appropriate tax costs. Looking at the total assets owned by the company, a large company size has larger total assets as well and has abundant resources and generates greater income with the amount of income the company can fulfill its tax payment obligations without having to take action tax avoidance practices.The results of this study are in line with (Kalbuana et al., 2020) and (Ganiswari, 2019) which state that the company size variable has no effect on tax avoidance. Conversely, the results of this study are not in line with research (Safitri & Muid, 2020) and (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) which state that the company size variable has a positive effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 326, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. The capital intensity variable has a probability value < significant 0.05 or 0.0009 < 0.05 and the t value is 3.56524> 2.01290, this shows that H3 is accepted so it can be concluded that in this study the capital intensity variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance. The fixed assets owned by each company allow the company to deduct taxes due to the depreciation of the company's fixed assets each year. Almost all fixed assets will experience depreciation which will become depreciation expense in the financial statements. While this depreciation cost is a cost that can be deducted from income in the calculation of corporate tax, the greater the depreciation cost, the smaller the level of tax that must be paid by the company. When capital intensity increases, the company's ETR value will decrease due to these additional costs. This research is in line with (Sihombing & Sudjiman, 2022) and (Jessica, 2022) which state that capital intensity has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Conversely, the results of this study are not in line with research (Dewi & Oktaviani, n.d.) and ((Zoebar & Miftah, 2020) which state that the capital intensity variable has no effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 426, "width": 84, "height": 17, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 451, "width": 400, "height": 37, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the test results and discussion described in the previous chapter, the following can be concluded:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 497, "width": 383, "height": 30, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The variable of corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity simultaneously has a significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 528, "width": 382, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. The corporate social responsibility variable has no significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 562, "width": 332, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. The firm size variable has no significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 581, "width": 385, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. The capital intensity variable has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 632, "width": 84, "height": 17, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 662, "width": 407, "height": 48, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewi, S. L., & Oktaviani, R. M. (n.d.). Pengaruh Leverage, Capital Intensity, Komisaris Independen Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Tax Avoidance. In Jurnal Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan (Vol. 4, Issue 2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 710, "width": 401, "height": 47, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwiyanti, I. A. I., & Jati, I. K. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Inventory Intensity pada Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi . https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v27.i03.p24", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 405, "height": 64, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ganiswari, R. A. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017). 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Kompartemen: Jurnal Ilmiah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 87, "width": 400, "height": 63, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntansi , 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.30595/kompartemen.v18i1.6342 Zoebar, M. K. Y., & Miftah, D. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Capital Intensity Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti , 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.25105/jmat.v7i1.6315", "type": "List item" } ]
1c1dea2d-f2e6-8736-55d4-e19ccb87defa	https://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/jurnalwave/article/download/2258/2113	[ { "left": 66, "top": 45, "width": 404, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Implementasi Strategi Integrasi untuk Pengembangan Industri Galangan Kapal di Surabaya dan Sekitarnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 65, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(Ishak Bawias, Achmad Zubaydi, Buana Ma’ruf)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 70, "top": 99, "width": 379, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "BENTUK-BENTUK IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI INTEGRASI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI GALANGAN KAPAL DI SURABAYA DAN SEKITARNYA", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 115, "top": 162, "width": 290, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Implementation Forms of Integration Strategy for Development of Shipyard Industry in Surabaya and Surrounding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 198, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ishak Bawias 1 , Achmad Zubaydi 2 , Buana Ma’ruf 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 219, "width": 271, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "1 Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan, Jurusan Teknik Perkapalan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 237, "width": 294, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "2 Guru Besar dan Dosen Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Perkapalan, Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Jawa Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 256, "width": 295, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3 Peneliti Utama BPPT, Pusat Teknologi Industri Rekayasa Maritim, Surabaya, Jawa Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 276, "width": 96, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 300, "width": 225, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Diterima: 2 Juni 2017; Direvisi: 12 Juni 2017; Disetujui: 24 Juli 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 329, "width": 34, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 350, "width": 383, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu keberhasilan beberapa negara dalam mengembangkan industri galangan kapalnya adalah dengan menerapkan strategi-strategi integrasi dalam industri galangan kapal dalam sebuah kawasan/klaster, sehingga sinergi antar galangan dan pendukungnya menjadi optimal dan tercipta daya saing secara berkesinambungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini diarahkan pada pengembangan bentuk-bentuk implementasi strategi industri galangan kapal di Surabaya dan sekitarnya, berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya (Ma’ruf, 2007, dan Hidayat, 2016). Alternatif-alternatif bentuk strategi pada bisnis bangunan kapal baru dikembangkan dari hasil analisis dengan menggunakan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Data diperoleh dari kuesioner (berdasarkan Skala Likert ) terhadap 31 responden manajemen puncak sejumlah galangan dan industri pendukung, serta institusi-institusi terkait. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa, alternatif strategi yang paling potensial dilakukan adalah strategi integrasi/aliansi dengan industri pemasok dan pendukung dalam wilayah klaster industri. Strategi lainnya adalah aliansi dengan perusahaan-perusahaan pelayaran/pengguna jasa dan sesama galangan dalam kawasan industri, selain juga menerapkan strategi-strategi intensif untuk peningkatan penjualan, sesuai kemampuan masing-masing perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 500, "width": 211, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kata kunci: galangan kapal, strategi integrasi, daya saing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 532, "width": 33, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 552, "width": 382, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "One of the successes of the Philippines and Vietnam in developing the shipbuilding industry is by applying integration strategies within the shipbuilding industry, so that synergy between docks and supporters is optimized and create sustainable competitiveness. Therefore, this research is aimed at developing shipyard industry in Surabaya and its surroundings, through analysis of business competitiveness with the implementation of integration strategies. The form of strategy implementation from several previous studies was continued through questionnaires (based on Likert Scale) to 31 respondents of top management of a number of shipyard and supporting industries, as well as related institutions. The result, then analyzed by using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), so that obtained some form of synergy and potential synergy pattern done in shipbuilding industry development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 658, "width": 229, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Keywords: shipyard, integation strategy, competitiveness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 52, "width": 206, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Wave Volume 11 Nomor 1, Juli 2017: Hal: 39-44", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 75, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 87, "width": 209, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Saat ini, perkembangan industri galangan nasional pada dua dekade terakhir sangat lambat bahkan beberapa mengalami stagnasi. Meskipun pemerintah telah memberikan insentif seperti bea masuk pembelian komponen dan tunjangan pajak dibayar oleh pemerintah, industri galangan kapal akan tetap tidak akan mencapai target dalam waktu dekat dan belum efektif (Roesdianto, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 183, "width": 206, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Rendahnya tingkat produktivitas dan kapasitas menyebabkan industri galangan kapal nasional tidak berdaya saing. Daya saing industri adalah faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan atau kegagalan suatu industri. Seperti yang diadopsi oleh sebagian besar industri galangan kapal terkemuka di dunia, strategi korporasi dan bisnis diperlukan untuk membuat industri galangan kapal mempunyai daya saing yang berkelanjutan di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 291, "width": 210, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Sejauh ini tidak ada strategi yang jelas tentang industri galangan kapal. Sifat alami yang berbeda dengan industri lain membuat industri galangan kapal membutuhkan formulasi strategi khusus yang telah dikembangkan berdasarkan karakteristik bisnisnya (Ma’ruf, 2007). Kondisi industri kemaritiman Indonesia masih yang tertinggal dibandingkan dengan negara Asia lainnya, memerlukan sebuah terobosan kebijakan sistem produksi untuk meningkatkan daya saing industri kemaritiman nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 411, "width": 218, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan adalah menerapkan strategi-strategi bisnis yang bersifat integratif, yang diharapkan akan mampu membangun sebuah kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan dalam proses dan hasilnya. Strategi-strategi seperti Integrasi horizontal, Integrasi ke depan dan Integrasi ke belakang (David, 2015) bisa diterapkan dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik industri galangan kapal yang berbeda dengan industri pada umumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 531, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 543, "width": 210, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Strategi integrasi merupakan strategi yang dilakukan perusahaan agar dapat mendapatkan pengawasan yang lebih terhadap distributor, pemasok, dan para pesaing baik melalui merger, akuisisi, atau membuat perusahaan sendiri (David, 2015). Penggunaan jenis strategi ini pada industri-industri besar memberi ruang untuk dilakukannya eksperimen aplikasi strategi ini ke dalam industri galangan kapal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 638, "width": 203, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu formulasi strategi yang bisa digunakan, dapat di lihat dalam formulasi yang disusun oleh David,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 74, "width": 207, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "F. R. (2015), dimana formulasinya telah digunakan di penjuru dunia dalam berbagai bidang. Akan tetapi, sekali lagi bahwa sifat alami yang berbeda dari industri galangan kapal dengan industri lain membuat industri ini membutuhkan formulasi strategi khusus. Perumusan dan pemilihan strategi dibuat berdasarkan faktor internal dan eksternal pada bangunan baru dan reparasi kapal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 170, "width": 209, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pada galangan kapal kategori kelas menengah, bisnis bangunan baru dan reparasi kapal bukan merupakan business unit yang terpisah, namun tergabung dalam satu perusahaan saja. Galangan kapal merupakan industri yang memiliki karakter khusus, yaitu padat modal, padat karya, dan waktu pengembalian modalnya cukup lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 254, "width": 208, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Sehingga untuk menilai daya saing, harus dibandingkan dengan kondisi persaingan di pasar Internasional (Ma’ruf, 2008). Karena itu diperlukan formulasi strategi khusus dengan menggunakan faktor-faktor yang dimiliki oleh galangan-galangan kapal. Pengembangan dengan penilaian daya tarik strategi dan klasifikasi dari peringkat perusahaan galangan kapal dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah matriks portofolio yang disebut Shipyard Business (SB) Matrix. Hasilnya kemudian dapat digunakan untuk menyusun sebuah model untuk perumusan strategi galangan kapal dengan mengintegrasikannya ke dalam tahapan formulasi sebagai adopsi kerangka formula David (2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 422, "width": 210, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pada tahun 2005 sampai 2010, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ma’ruf (2010) menunjukkan bahwa kondisi rata-rata faktor internal dan eksternal galangan kapal nasional cenderung menurun. Selain itu juga, kondisi bisnis reparasi masih lebih baik dibandingkan bisnis bangunan baru. Melihat kondisi terkini, program pemerintah untuk penguatan sektor laut dan pembangunan tol laut sebagai jalan untuk membuka akses pemerataan pembangunan di seluruh Indonesia membuat industri galangan kapal nasional, khususnya di wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya memiliki potensi yang besar agar dapat berkembang lebih maju lagi. Akan tetapi agar dapat bersaing, industri galangan kapal harus memiliki strategi daya saing yang unggul.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 590, "width": 210, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Untuk mendapatkan strategi yang berdaya saing, Ma’ruf melakukan penelitian analisis daya saing industri galangan kapal di tahun 2005 dan 2009. Penelitian ini meliputi 3 perusahaan yaitu: PT. PAL Indonesia, PT. Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya, dan PT. Dumas Tanjung Perak Shipyard.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 45, "width": 404, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Implementasi Strategi Integrasi untuk Pengembangan Industri Galangan Kapal di Surabaya dan Sekitarnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 65, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(Ishak Bawias, Achmad Zubaydi, Buana Ma’ruf)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 77, "width": 206, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah lima alternatif strategi. Dua diantaranya yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 101, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Integrasi horizontal : aliansi strategis dengan industri galangan kapal potensial di dalam dan luar negeri, untuk peningkatan kapasitas atau kerjasama operasi pada proyek bernilai besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 149, "width": 207, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "b. Integrasi ke belakang: kerjasama dengan pemasok material utama kapal, hal ini dilakukan karena biasanya waktu pemesanan lama atau sering mengalami keterlambatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 197, "width": 212, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian lanjutan dilakukan pada tahun 2016 oleh Hidayat (2016) yang meneliti tentang daya saing galangan-galangan kapal kelas menengah di Surabaya dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini mengukur seberapa besar daya saing perusahaan-perusahaan galangan kapal di Surabaya dan sekitarnya dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar di bisnis pembangunan dan reparasi kapal serta memformulasikan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan daya saingnya. Di antara kelima hasil dari penelitian ini, pilihan alternatif strategi integrasi yang dihasilkan adalah Horizontal Integration (HI), Backward Integration (BI), dan Forward Integration (FI). Ketiga strategi ini dirasa sangat perlu untuk dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 365, "width": 210, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil dari implementasi alternatif strategi tersebut, kemudian dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Yaitu sebuah alat analisis yang digunakan untuk menentukan strategi yang berdasarkan tingkat daya tarik ( Attractiveness ) dari alternatif-alternatif strategi yang ada. Perhitungan QSPM didasarkan kepada input bobot matriks internal eksternal, serta alternatif strategi pada tahap pencocokan. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis QSPM dilakukan untuk menganalisa dua belas strategi fungsional yang telah melalui proses analisa Skala Likert.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 521, "width": 101, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 533, "width": 212, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini dimulai dengan menyusun strategi-strategi pilihan berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya (Ma’ruf, 2007) ke dalam bentuk kuesioner untuk dibagikan kepada responden dari berbagai bidang profesi yang termasuk dalam lingkup penelitian, yaitu top manajemen industri galangan kapal dan industri-industri yang mendukungnya. Kuesioner disusun dengan teknik pengukuran Skala Likert (Likert , R.A., 1932), yaitu melihat seberapa penting pilihan yang diberikan kepada responden. Tingkat penilaian prioritas untuk setiap pertanyaan diberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 77, "width": 206, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "poin pilihan dengan nilai yang berbeda, yaitu 1 untuk pilihan “tidak penting”, 2 untuk pilihan “cukup penting”, 3 untuk pilihan “penting” dan 4 untuk pilihan “sangat penting”. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini kemudian dibagikan dalam bentuk kuesioner fisik dan non fisik berupa “google form”. Hasil data yang didapat di validasi lagi oleh expert untuk menjamin kebenaran pengisian data oleh orang yang tepat sesuai bidang profesi yang dimilikinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 185, "width": 208, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Rekapitulasi data kuesioner disusun kembali untuk melihat komposisi responden yang mengisinya, agar data yang masuk sudah benar mewakili data diperlukan untuk penelitian ini. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan dua teknik pengukuran, yaitu Skala Likert untuk menentukan prioritas pilihan jawaban terbaik dari beberapa pilihan strategi yang diberikan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) untuk menentukan strategi terbaik berdasarkan pengaruh faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pilihan strategi fungsional yang diambil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 329, "width": 207, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Meskipun penentuan nilai daya tarik (attractiveness score) untuk setiap strategi terhadap faktor-faktor utama bisa dilakukan penulis dengan mengikuti prosedur dalam literatur yang ada, namun penentuan faktor dan nilai daya tarik (attractiveness score) untuk setiap strategi ini sangat membutuhkan intuisi yang baik dari seorang ahli yang berpengalaman dalam bidang industri galangan kapal. Sebab itu, analisis ini kemudian didiskusikan dengan expert untuk melihat tren hasil analisis, sehingga peneliti bisa melanjutkan untuk menyusun dan membuat konsep model klaster yang sesuai dengan strategi bisnis yang didapat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 485, "width": 127, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 497, "width": 213, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pada penelitian ini, strategi-strategi integratif yang dihasilkan pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yaitu Integrasi Horizontal/ Horizontal Integration (HI), Integrasi ke belakang/Backward Integration (BI), dan Integrasi ke depan/ Forward Integration (FI), dijabarkan ke dalam bentuk strategi-strategi fungsional. Strategi-strategi ini ditentukan dan disusun berdasarkan hasil kajian literatur dan diskusi dengan expert yang sudah memiliki pengalaman yang sangat lama dalam bidang industri galangan kapal. Sebanyak 12 strategi fungsional yang dijabarkan kemudian dibagi ke dalam masing-masing 4 strategi untuk setiap alternatif. Strategi-strategi fungsional tersebut dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 52, "width": 206, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Wave Volume 11 Nomor 1, Juli 2017: Hal: 39-44", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 76, "width": 164, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 1. Pilihan implementasi strategi berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 526, "width": 207, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Strategi-strategi ini kemudian dilemparkan kepada 40 responden yang memiliki peranan/posisi penting pada industri galangan kapal di Surabaya Dan sekitarnya, dalam bentuk kuesioner. Kuesioner ini berisi tentang seberapa penting strategi-strategi fungsional di atas dapat memberikan impact yang baik dalam usaha peningkatan. Produktivitas dan daya saing industri galangan kapal pada tabel 2. Dari hasil olah data menurut Skala Likert , penulis selanjutnya memilih dua strategi fungsional dengan nilai presentase skala tertinggi. Jika dilihat pada tabel 2, strategi fungsional yang terpilih sebagai implementasi strategi Integrasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 75, "width": 212, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Horisontal /Horizontal Integration (HI) adalah pengembangan klaster industri galangan kapal (HI-01) dan kerjasama antar galangan dalam pembangunan kapal tertentu (HI-02).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 136, "width": 86, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 2. Skor Skala Likert", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 299, "width": 185, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Implementasi strategi untuk Backward Integration", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 311, "width": 209, "height": 104, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(BI) adalah kerjasama pengembangan industri komponen /pendukung kapal (dengan perusahaan dari dalam dan luar negeri) di dalam wilayah klaster (BI-01), serta kerjasama pengembangan industri komponen kapal di Jawa Timur (BI-03). Yang terakhir, yaitu Forward Integration (FI) akan melakukan kerjasama dengan perusahaan pelayaran nasional (FI-01), dan memfokuskan pada regulasi dan insentif pemerintah untuk membangun kapal di dalam negeri (FI-03).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 429, "width": 124, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 3. Strategi pilihan Skala Likert", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 45, "width": 404, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Implementasi Strategi Integrasi untuk Pengembangan Industri Galangan Kapal di Surabaya dan Sekitarnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 65, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(Ishak Bawias, Achmad Zubaydi, Buana Ma’ruf)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 77, "width": 211, "height": 236, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Masing-masing strategi pilihan dari alternatif strategi yang ada, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan QSPM yaitu membandingkan seberapa besar pengaruh faktor-faktor dalam industri galangan kapal terhadap setiap strategi yang terpilih. Hasil besaran matriks QSPM menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar nilai, maka semakin menarik strategi yang ditawarkan.Semakin menarik strategi tersebut, akan memungkinkan industri-industri galangan kapal memanfaatkan kekuatan, memperbaiki kelemahan, memanfaatkan kesempatan, dan menghindari ancaman. Nilai Attractiveness Scores (AS) didefinisikan sebagai angka yang mengindikasikan daya tarik relatif dari masing-masing strategi kepada faktor internal dan eksternal dalam set alternatif tertentu. Penentuan nilai ini dapat ditentukan melalui diskusi dengan expert yang memiliki pengalaman yang sangat lama dibidang industri perkapalan sehingga memiliki intuisi yang bagus dalam menentukan standar nilai AS untuk setiap faktor eksternal dan internal yang dibandingkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 317, "width": 204, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 4 menunjukkan bahwa strategi alternatif Backward Integration (BI), khususnya untuk strategi fungsional BI-01 menjadi pilihan dengan skor tertinggi (6,52), diikuti oleh Forward Integration (FI) dengan strategi fungsional FI-03 (6,34), dan Horizontal Integration (HI) dengan strategi fungsional HI-01 (5,75).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 414, "width": 145, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 4. Pilihan strategi hasil analisis QSPM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 580, "width": 208, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pilihan strategi fungsional untuk Horizontal Integration (HI) adalah HI-01, yaitu pengembangan klaster industri galangan kapal (total skor 5,75). Pengembangan sebuah wadah untuk kerjasama antar industri galangan kapal serta industri lainnya yang berhubungan langsung dengan industri perkapalan dirasa sudah sangat perlu untuk dilakukan. Untuk itu,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 77, "width": 204, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "sebuah klaster industri galangan kapal untuk wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya harus segera di bangun agar bisa membantu mempercepat peningkatan daya saing industri galangan kapal. Pada dasarnya, penyusunan konsep klaster industri galangan kapal sudah mulai disiapkan sejak tahun 2015 dengan mengukur Tingkat Kesiapan Teknologi (TRL) klaster industri perkapalan. Hal ini bisa menjadi jalan yang sangat baik untuk menyusun konsep klaster industri galangan kapal di wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 197, "width": 207, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pilihan strategi fungsional untuk Backward Integration (BI) adalah BI-01, yaitu kerjasama pengembangan industri komponen/pendukung kapal (dengan perusahaan dari dalam dan luar negeri) di dalam wilayah klaster (skor total 6,52). Industri komponen masih menjadi salah satu faktor yang paling mempengaruhi daya saing industri galangan kapal (Ma’ruf, dkk. 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 293, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kerjasama untuk membangun industri komponen/pendukung kapal khusus di wilayah klaster akan sangat memudahkan anggota klaster untuk mengontrol jumlah pasokan komponen sehingga proses produksi bangunan kapal baru maupun reparasi dapat berjalan dengan lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 365, "width": 202, "height": 188, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pilihan strategi fungsional untuk Forward Integration (FI) adalah FI-03, yaitu regulasi dan insentif pemerintah untuk membangun kapal di dalam negeri (skor total 6,34). Regulasi ini dianggap sangat penting untuk dibuat, karena tidak bisa dihindari bahwa harga komponen kapal pasti berhubungan langsung dengan pajak, surat-surat perijinan, serta regulasi yang lainnya. Sekalipun dalam program kerja pemerintahan yang baru telah membebaskan beberapa pajak untuk komponen kapal, akan tetapi regulasi dan pemberian intensif untuk pembangunan kapal di dalam negeri dirasa sangat perlu karena kebanyakan owner masih memilih untuk membangun kapal mereka di negara lain dengan pertimbangan regulasi yang lebih ringan jika dibandingkan dengan regulasi yang ada di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 569, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 581, "width": 204, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa, alternatif strategi yang paling potensial dilakukan untuk menciptakan daya saing yang berkesinambungan adalah strategi integrasi dengan industri pemasok dan pendukung dalam wilayah klaster industri. Strategi lainnya adalah aliansi dengan perusahaan-perusahaan pelayaran/pengguna jasa dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 52, "width": 206, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Wave Volume 11 Nomor 1, Juli 2017: Hal: 39-44", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 75, "width": 213, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "sesama galangan dalam kawasan industri, selain juga menerapkan strategi-strategi intensif untuk peningkatan penjualan, sesuai kemampuan masing-masing perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 135, "width": 85, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 151, "width": 201, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "David, F. R. (2015). Strategic Management, Concepts and Cases. 15th Edition. Prentice Hall .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 178, "width": 213, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hidayat, T. (2016). Pengembangan Strategi Daya Saing Industri Galangan Kapal Surabaya dengan Menggunakan Model Formulasi Yardstrat . Tesis. Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Surabaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 246, "width": 206, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Likert , R. A. (1932). Technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140: 1-55.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 283, "width": 204, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma’ruf, B., dkk. (2006). Environmental-Based Strategic Management Model for Indonesia’s Medium-Sized Shipyards. The Journal of Ship Production, Vol. 22, No. 4, November 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 330, "width": 206, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma'ruf, B. (2007). Pengembangan Model Formulasi Strategi untuk Perusahaan Galangan Kapal . DISERTASI. Surabaya, Indonesia: Program Doktor ITS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 377, "width": 205, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma’ruf, B. (2008). Rancangan Perangkat Lunak untuk Aplikasi YARDSTRAT. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Volume 7 Number 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 415, "width": 206, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma'ruf, B. (2010). Analisis Daya Saing Industri Galangan Kapal dengan Menggunakan Model .", "type": "Text" } ]
afdf7119-9d87-76ea-e5c2-089abeab2097	https://www.journal.unrika.ac.id/index.php/jurnalprofisiensi/article/download/1149/904	[ { "left": 388, "top": 38, "width": 138, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROFISIENSI, Vol 5 No. 1 ;7-12 Juni 2017 ISSN Cetak: 2301-7244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 98, "width": 394, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANALISA STUDI KELAYAKAN PENAMBAHAN MESIN CNC DENGAN METODE PROFITABILITY INDEX (PI) DI PT. USA SEROJA JAYA SHIPYARD BATAM", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 200, "top": 151, "width": 219, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila Sely Apriliana 1 , WahyudiSutopo 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 167, "width": 451, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Industri, FakultasTeknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Jl. Ir. Sutami, 36 A, Surakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 192, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email : [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 222, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 454, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artikel ini membahas mengenai perbaikan artikel Rumiyanto dkk (2015) yang berjudul “Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode NPV (Net Present Value) di PT UsdaSeroja Jaya Shipyard Batam”. Perbaikan yang dilakukan adalah menambahkan analisis sensitifitas menggunakan Profitability Index (PI). Hasil analisa kelayakan investasi pada paper sebelumnya adalahCNCESAB Columbus ErgostarExa 4000(B)dengannilaiNPV=US$40,399.05 > 0, IRR=15,67% ~ 15,95%, dan PP= 3 Tahun 9 Bulan< 10 Tahun, sedangkan mesin CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm(A) nilaiNPV= US$5,488.66 > 0, IRR= 15,75% ~ 15,25%, danPP= 4 Tahun< 5 Tahun. Kemudian dilakukan usulan perbaikan dengan menggunakan metode analisis Profitability Index (PI). Diketahui bahwa metode Profitability Index dikenal juga dengan metode Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). Dari hasil perhitungan Profitability Index didapatkan hasil bahwa CNC Honey Bee Hyperthermadalah9,202655733 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima, sedangkanuntukCNC ESAB Columbus ErgostarExa 4000 adalah7,038200467 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua jenis mesin CNC tersebut layak untuk dilakukan investasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : CNC, Profitability Index, Investasi, BCR, Analisis Sensitivitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 413, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 426, "width": 454, "height": 138, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This article discusses the improvement of Rumiyanto et al (2015) article entitled \"Analysis of feasibility study of adding new CNC machine with NPV (Net Present Value) method at PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam\". The improvement is to add sensitivity analysis using Profitability Index (PI). The result of investment feasibility analysis in previous paper is CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 (B) with NPV value = US $ 40,399,05> 0, IRR = 15.67% ~ 15.95%, and PP = 3 Year 9 Month <10 Years, whereas CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm (A) value of NPV = US $ 5,488.66> 0, IRR = 15.75% ~ 15.25%, and PP = 4 Years <5 Years. Then the proposed improvement using the method of analysis Profitability Index (PI). It is known that Profitability Index method is also known as Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) method. From the calculation of Profitability Index, the result that CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm is 9,202655733 (> 1) indicates that machine investment is acceptable, while for ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exha 4000 is 7,038,200467 (> 1) indicating that machine investment is acceptable. So it can be concluded that both types of CNC machines are worth investing. Keywords : CNC, Profitability Index, Investment, BCR, Sensitivity Analysis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 175, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT. Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam terletak di Sungai Pelunggut, Sagulung, Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau. PT. Usda Seroja Jaya adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang Shipyard (galangan kapal) & Shipping (Pelayaran). Keunggulan dari PT. Usdha Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam adalah perusahaan ini membangun dan mengoperasikan kapalnya sendiri. Oleh karena itu perusahaan ini sangat mengerti persis jenis kapal, aksesoris, spesifikasi teknis yang dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan kapal yang membawa produk tertentu secara efektif dan efisien. Ada dua sub divisi dibidang Shipyard yaitu New Buliding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan Repair. Perusahaan ini mampu memproduksi 20 unit SPOB, SPBC, Tug Boats dan Barges dalam setahun. Perusahaan ini menggunakan peralatan dan teknologi terbaru untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan kualitas kapal untuk memastikan customer dapat menggunakan kapal berkualitas terbaik untuk mengangkut kargo dengan aman dan tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 707, "width": 211, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artikel ini merupakan perbaikan dari artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) yang berjudul Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode Net Present Value (NPV) di PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 51, "width": 327, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila, Wahyudi; Analisa Studi Kelayakan Penambahan Mesin Cnc Dengan...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 211, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batam. Dalam artikel tersebut dilakukan analisis kelayakan investasi menggunakan metode NPV ( Net Present Value ), IRR ( Internal Rate of Return ) dan PP ( Payback Period ). Namun dari analisis pemecahan masalah pada artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) belum menggunakan metode Profitability Index (PI). Jika Profitability Index (PI) belum dipertimbangkan maka belum dapat ditentukan sejauh mana perbandingan antara nilai manfaat dengan nilai biayanya jika dilihat dari kondisi saat ini.Analisis kelayakan investasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 227, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan metode Profitability Indexdikarekana", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 211, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "beberapa referensi menggunakan metode tersebut, yaitu Afriyeni Endang (2012), Nely Supeni, Sari Karmila, dkk (2012), Tekat Dwi Cahyono, dkk (2012), Febri Muhammad Rahardian, dkk (2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 211, "height": 188, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah Afriyeni Endang(2012) dengan judul Keputusan Investasi Jangka Panjang: Capital Budgeting Secara umum dijelaskan bahwa metode NPV dan PI dipakai untuk menilai suatu usulan investasi, maka hasilnya akan selalu konsisten. Dengan kata lain., kalau NPV mengatakan usulan tersebut diterima, maka PI juga mengatakan diterima. Demikian pula sebaliknya.Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk menghitung PI harus terlebih dahulu menghitung NPV. Tetapi kalau dipergunakan untuk memilih proyek yang mutually exclusive, metode PI bisa kontradiktif dengan NPV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 492, "width": 211, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah-masalah Nely Supeni dengan judul Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Mesin Pencetak Kemasan Pada UD “Robin Jaya Sentosa” Situbondo. Menggunakan metode Profitability Index (PI) sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan PI menunjukkan hasil sebesar 2,67. Kriteria kelayakan investasi dengan metode PI adalah jika PI ≥ 1 maka proyek tersebut layak untuk dilaksanakan. Maka disimpulkan bahwa investasi mesin pencetak kemasan layak untuk dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 669, "width": 211, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah Sari Karmila, dkk (2012) dengan judul Analisa Pembeayaan Kerjasama Pemerintah dan Swasta pada Proyek Sidoarjo Town Square menggunakan metode Profitability Index sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan unyuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Berdasarkan perhitungan, swasta dan pemerintah akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 75, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memperoleh tingkat keuntungan yang sepadan yaitu bila masa investasi dikurangi menjadi 12 tahun. Dimana dengan masainvestasi 12 tahun nilai PI swasta sebesar 2,77783 dengan NPV Rp.229.847.049.929,9610 sedangkan untuk pemerintah nilai PI yaitu sebesar 2,86455dengan NPV Rp.92.514.923.059,3680.Selisih tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 176, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keuntungan antara swasta dan pemerintah tidak terlalu besar yaitu senilai 0,08672.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 201, "width": 213, "height": 314, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah Cahyono (2012) dengan judul Analisis nilai kalor dan kelayakan ekonomis kayu sebagai bahanbakar subtitusi batu bara di pabrik semen menggunakan metode Profitability Index sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan unyuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Didapatkan nilai PI program bagi perusahaan adalah 3,53, sedangkan nilai PI program bagi masyarakat adalah 8,37. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa program tersebut layak dilaksanakan karena masyarakat sangat diuntungkan akibat adanya program tersebut. Pada pemecahan masalah Rahardian, dkk (2012) dengan judul Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Penambahan Mesin Frais Baru Pada CV. XYZ menggunakan metode Profitability Index sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan unyuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan PI didapatakan nilai PI untuk alternatif A adalah 2,56 sedangakan alternatif B adalah 4,2. Kedua alternatif layak untuk diterapkan namun alternatif B lebih dipilih karena memiliki nilai PI yang lebih besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 530, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 555, "width": 211, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Fahmi, dkk (2010) investasi adalah bentuk pengelolaan dana dengan tujuan memberikan keuntungan dengan cara menempatkannya pada alokasi yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 606, "width": 213, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diperkirakan dapat memberikan keuntungan tambahan. Dengan kata lain, investasi merupakan komitmen untuk mengorbankan konsumsi sekarang (sacrifice current consumption) dengan tujuan memperbesar konsumsi di masa datang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 682, "width": 211, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan apakah suatu investasi dapat diterima atau ditolak dapat menggunakan beberapa metode, menurut Shim dan Siegel (1998) terdapat lima metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kelayakan dari suatu investasi, yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 758, "width": 132, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1) Metode Net Present Value", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 388, "top": 38, "width": 138, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROFISIENSI, Vol 5 No. 1 ;7-12 Juni 2017 ISSN Cetak: 2301-7244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 85, "width": 152, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2) Metode Profitability Index (3) Metode Payback Period (4) Metode Internal rate of Return (5) Metode Average of Return", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 136, "width": 211, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) yang berjudul Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode NPV (Net Present Value) di PT UsdaSeroja Jaya Shipyard Batam telah menggunakan metode NPV, IRR, PP dan Incremental IRR, maka dalam artikel ini dilakukan usulan perbaikan menggunakan metode Profitability Index (PI) untuk memastikan bahwa penarikan kesimpulan investasi yang dilakukan pada artikel sebelumnya telah sesuai. Berikut dijelaskan mengenai Profitability Index.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 211, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability Index (PI) adalah sebuah metode pendekatan yang hampir sama dengan NPV. Jika NPV menghitung berapa rupiah kelebihan present value cash inflow di atas present value initial investment , sedangkan PI mengukur present value untuk setiap rupiah yang diinvestasikan. PI menghitung perbandingan antara nilai arus kas bersih yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akan datang dengan nilai investasi sekarang. Keuntungan dari metode Profitability Index (PI) adalah metode ini sudah mempertimbangkan cash flow dan time value of money. Secara umum Profitability Index dan Net Pressent Value ketika digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan suatu investasi maka hasilnya akan konsisten. Apabila NPV menyatakan bahwa usulan investasi layak maka PI begitu pula dengan PI. Namun metode PI digunakan setelah metode NPV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 234, "width": 113, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = PV of Future Cash Flows", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 240, "width": 100, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Initial Cost (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 269, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika nilai Profitability Index (PI) lebih besar dari 1 (>1) maka usulan investasi diterima, namun apabila nilai Profitability Index (<1) maka usulan investasi ditolak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 332, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 345, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 709, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Metodologi Penelitian", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 100, "top": 737, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan kritik atas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) dilakukan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 737, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melakukan evaluasi mengenai artikel Ruminyanto,dkk (2015) mengenai analisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 51, "width": 327, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila, Wahyudi; Analisa Studi Kelayakan Penambahan Mesin Cnc Dengan...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kelayakan penggunaaan mesin CNC", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 87, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan metode NPV,PP,IRR, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 100, "width": 210, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Incremental IRR. Kemudian dilakukan analisis mengenai hasil dari perhitungan metode tersebut untuk menguji kelayakan investasi mesin CNC. Selanjutnya adalah diberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 75, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rekomendasi metode Profitability Index untuk memperkuat dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam investasi mesin CNC di PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 125, "width": 3, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 186, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut merupakan hasil perbandingan antara artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) dengan usulan yang diberikan beserta hasil dari perhitungan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 224, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Tabel perbandingan artikel Rumiyanto dkk (2015) dengan artikel usulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 237, "width": 450, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) Usulan Belumada perhitungan Profitability Index Ada usulan Profitability Index dengan dasar, menurut Shim dan Siegel (1998:202) terdapat lima metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kelayakan dari suatu investasi, yaitu : (1) Metode Net Present Value (2) Metode Profitability Index (3) Metode Payback Period (4) Metode Internal rate of Return", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 351, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(5) Metode Average of Return", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 364, "width": 236, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena metode Profitability Index belum digunakan maka diusulkan penggunaan metode tersebut untuk menguji kelayakan investasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 402, "width": 449, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak ada nilai Profitability Index Hasil perhitungan PI untuk CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm adalah 9,202655733. Hasil perhitungan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 428, "width": 239, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI untuk CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 adalah7,038200467", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 454, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akibat dari belum ditentukannya nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 466, "width": 205, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability Index adalah belum dapat ditentukan sejauh mana perbandingan antara nilai manfaat dengan nilai biayanya jika dilihat darikondisisaatini.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 454, "width": 236, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan PI untuk CNC Honey Bee ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 479, "width": 236, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan PI untuk CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 adalah( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 543, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cash flow dapat memberikan informasi mengenai jumlah kas yang diperlukandalam memulai suatu usaha, perencanaan investasi, dan menjamin kesesuaian kasuntuk ketersediaan kas terhadap pengeluaran- pengeluaran yang akan terjadidimasa datang. Perusahaan dalam merencanakan kebutuhan dana diperoleh darikredit bank untuk tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 543, "width": 211, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bunga pinjaman berdasarkan Standar Sertifikat Bank Indonesia(SBI) yaitu 15%.Biaya ini biasanya dikeluarkan secara rutin atau periodik waktu tertentu dalamjumlah yang relatif sama atau sesuai dengan jadwal kegiatan atau produksi. Biaya-biayatersebut antara lain pada tabel berikut ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 644, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Proyeksi Cash flow Tahun2013", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 388, "top": 38, "width": 138, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROFISIENSI, Vol 5 No. 1 ;7-12 Juni 2017 ISSN Cetak: 2301-7244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 123, "width": 453, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability Index (PI) Teknik Profitability Index diperhitungan dengan rumus 2.14 sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 145, "width": 114, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = PV of Future Cash Flows Initial Cost", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 180, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Profitability Index CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 190, "width": 139, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = $ 690.199,18 $ 75.000,00 = 9,202655733", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 214, "width": 291, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Profitability Index CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 449, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = $1.055.730,07 $150.000,00 = 7,038200467 Tabel 3 Perhitungan Profitability Index Nama Mesin Cash Inflow Nilai Investasi Profitability Index CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm $ 690.199,18 $ 75.000,00 9,202655733 CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 $1.055.730,07 $150.000,00 7,038200467", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 337, "width": 211, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan PI untukCNC Honey Bee Hypertherm adalah 9,202655733 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima. Hasil perhitungan PI untukCNC ESAB", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Columbus ErgostarExa4000 adalah7,038200467 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 439, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 211, "height": 137, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan Profitability Index (PI) didapatkan hasil bahwa perusahaan dapat menerima usulan investasi kedua mesin CNC tersebut karena nilai Profitability Index (PI) keduanya lebih dari 1 sehingga usulan tersebut layak untuk diterapakan. Karena nilai Profitability Index CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm lebih besar dari CNC ESAB Columbus ErgostarExa 4000 maka menurut metode PI alternatif yang lebih layak dipilih adalah CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 603, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 616, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Afriyeni Endang. 2012. Keputusan Investasi Jangka Panjang : Capital Budgeting”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 641, "width": 125, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Polibisnis, Volume 4 No. 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 654, "width": 211, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cahyosatrio, Dwi Adi. 2014. Analisis Capital Budgeting Sebagai Salah Satu Metode untuk Menilai Kelayakan Investasi Aktiva Tetap Mesin Dan Kendaraan ( Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Malang Indah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB) Vol. 9 No. 1 Febri Muhammad Rahardian, Ereika Arie Agassi, Wahyudi Sutopo.(2012). Analisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 337, "width": 189, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelayakan Investasi Penambahan Mesin Frais Baru Pada CV. XYZ . Jurnal Teknik Undip Vol. VII no 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 375, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gosal, Michael. 2012. Cara mudah menilai investasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 401, "width": 211, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://easylearn2010.blogspot.co.id/2011/ 10/profitability-index-pi.html. Diakses pada 2 Juni 2017. NelySupeni,IstiFadah, Elok Sri Utami. Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Mesin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 464, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pencetak Kemasan Pada Ud “Robin Jaya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 474, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sentosa” Situbondo . Universitas Jember.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 489, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability index.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 502, "width": 184, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pro fitability.asp. Diakses pada 10 Juni 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 527, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumiyanto,Hery Irwan,Annisa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 479, "top": 527, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purbasari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 540, "width": 189, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2015). Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode NPV (Net Present Value) di PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 590, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profisiensi, 3(2) hal 151-159", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 603, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari Karmila, Cristiono Utomo. (2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 616, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Pembeayaan Kerjasama", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 628, "width": 211, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah dan Swasta pada Proyek Sidoarjo Town Square Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol. 1, No. 1 Sullivan, William G., Wicks, Elin M., Koelling, C. Patrick., (2014) Engineering Economy Sixteenth Edition Tekat Dwi Cahyono, Zahrial Coto, Fauzi Febrianto.(2012). Analisis nilai kalor dan kelayakan ekonomis kayu sebagai bahan bakar subtitusi batu bara di pabrik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 51, "width": 327, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila, Wahyudi; Analisa Studi Kelayakan Penambahan Mesin Cnc Dengan...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 75, "width": 190, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "semen . Frorum Pascasarjana Volume 31 No 2.", "type": "Text" } ]
70d98f9d-9dc5-083f-cb33-5a2ca9fbf78b	https://journal.lembagakita.org/emt/article/download/1671/1178	[ { "left": 249, "top": 791, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1233 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 77, "width": 77, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 104, "width": 85, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknologi (EMT)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 134, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal for the Economics, Management and Technology .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 80, "width": 173, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi, 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244 Available online at http://journal.lembagakita.org", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 150, "width": 434, "height": 62, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 230, "width": 378, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto 1* , Diah Fatma Sjoraida 2 , Naufal Haidar Ahmada 3 , Devi Andriyani 4 1* Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Proklamasi 45-Yogyakarta,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 270, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 283, "width": 339, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Program Studi Hubungan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 309, "width": 377, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Fakultas Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Purbalingga, Kabupaten Purbalingga, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 335, "width": 359, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Program Studi Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Malikussaleh, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 386, "width": 458, "height": 139, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi faktor-faktor yang membentuk tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan di industri jasa kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. Fokus utama adalah menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada sejumlah perusahaan jasa kelistrikan di daerah-daerah yang disebutkan, dengan melibatkan 150 responden. Hasil analisis secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang diteliti memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap produk dalam industri jasa kelistrikan tersebut. Ini disokong oleh nilai Fhitung yang melebihi FTabel pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Lebih lanjut, hasil uji-t secara parsial menegaskan bahwa pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan secara signifikan memengaruhi tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap perusahaan jasa kelistrikan. Citra perusahaan muncul sebagai faktor paling dominan yang mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi pihak-pihak terkait dalam industri jasa kelistrikan di daerah tersebut untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan citra perusahaan sebagai upaya untuk menjaga kesetiaan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 539, "width": 235, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Pelayanan; Nilai Pelanggan; Citra Perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 563, "width": 458, "height": 114, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract. This study investigates the factors that shape customer loyalty in the electricity service sector in Yogyakarta Special Region, West Java, Central Java, and Aceh provinces. The main objective is to analyze the influence of service quality, customer value and company image on customer loyalty. This study was conducted among several electric service companies in the mentioned areas, with 150 respondents. The overall analysis results show that all research variables have a significant impact on the level of customer loyalty to products in the electrical service sector. This is supported by the Fcount value exceeding FTable at the 5% significance level. Additionally, the T-test results partially confirm that service, customer value, and company image significantly influence customer loyalty to electric service companies. Company image seems to be the most decisive factor in customer loyalty. Therefore, it is important for stakeholders in the electrical services sector in the region to maintain and improve their corporate image with the aim of building customer loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 691, "width": 212, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Service; Customer Value; Company Image.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 717, "width": 407, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Author. Email: [email protected] 1* , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 , [email protected] 4 .", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 47, "top": 742, "width": 394, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v7i4.1671 Received: 18 September 2023, Revision: 27 September 2023, Accepted: 30 September 2023, Available Online : 20 October 2023. Print ISSN: 2579-7972; Online ISSN: 2549-6204. Copyright @ 2023. Published by Lembaga Otonom Lembaga Informasi dan Riset Indonesia (KITA INFO dan RISET).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 52, "top": 24, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 791, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1234 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 65, "width": 82, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 94, "width": 221, "height": 244, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan dalam industri kelistrikan, seperti yang diperwakili oleh PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara, merupakan unsur kritis yang memiliki dampak signifikan pada hubungan pelanggan dan kesuksesan perusahaan. Pelayanan ini dapat dipandang melalui dua dimensi utama: technical quality (kualitas teknis) dan functional quality (kualitas fungsional). Technical quality berkaitan dengan kemampuan infrastruktur, pengetahuan karyawan dalam menyediakan jasa, dan aspek- aspek teknis lainnya yang memengaruhi pengalaman pelanggan. Di sisi lain, functional quality menyoroti kemudahan pelanggan dalam mengakses layanan, tampilan fisik kantor, hubungan jangka panjang dengan pelanggan, dinamika internal perusahaan, serta sikap dan perilaku pemberi layanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 351, "width": 221, "height": 230, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam era globalisasi dan persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat, baik di pasar domestik maupun internasional, perhatian terhadap kualitas pelayanan semakin mendesak. Pandangan dan perilaku pelanggan yang terus berubah, bersama dengan kemajuan teknologi, mendorong organisasi untuk mengadopsi orientasi pelanggan yang kuat. Kesadaran ini menegaskan bahwa mempertahankan pelanggan dan membangun loyalitas mereka lebih penting daripada sekadar mencari laba. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan harus mampu memberikan kepuasan pelanggan melalui produk unggulan, harga yang kompetitif, pengiriman yang efisien, dan pelayanan yang berkualitas, melampaui apa yang ditawarkan oleh pesaing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 594, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas pelanggan menjadi tujuan utama bagi pemasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 607, "width": 220, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas pelanggan dapat didefinisikan sebagai tingkat kesetiaan dan keinginan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 50, "top": 634, "width": 221, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "pelanggan untuk terus menggunakan produk atau layanan dari suatu merek atau perusahaan. Loyalitas pelanggan memiliki implikasi yang signifikan, termasuk retensi pelanggan, peningkatan pangsa pasar, dan peningkatan keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan di industri jasa kelistrikan, khususnya di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 61, "width": 223, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), industri peralatan listrik di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mencatatkan periode 7 tahun (2011-2013), sementara Provinsi Jawa Barat mencapai 133 tahun (2010-2014), Jawa Tengah 7 tahun (2015-2016), dan Aceh 4 tahun (2013), dengan jumlah pelanggan mencapai rata-rata ratusan hingga ribuan. Selain itu, Penjualan Tenaga Listrik PLN per sektor pelanggan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 381, "top": 182, "width": 134, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "berdasarkan Statistik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 196, "width": 223, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketenagalistrikan tahun 2020, mencatatkan bahwa pelanggan Residential mencapai 72.606.681 dan Industri 130.722. Jika diuraikan lebih lanjut, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mencapai 1.083.074, Provinsi Jawa Barat mencapai 20.362.310.292", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 263, "width": 223, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "pelanggan Residential dan Industri 21.427.962.805, Jawa Tengah mencapai 14.259.577.017 pelanggan Residential dan Industri 7.837.419.848, dan Aceh mencapai 1.868.279.791 pelanggan Residential dan Industri 172.014.547.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 358, "width": 223, "height": 230, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti akan fokus pada pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan terhadap tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan dalam industri ini. Penelitian akan melibatkan perusahaan jasa kelistrikan (PT. PLN) di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, dengan 150 responden sebagai sampel. Hasil analisis data akan memberikan pemahaman tentang pengaruh faktor-faktor terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini akan membantu perusahaan jasa kelistrikan untuk memahami bagaimana mereka dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan mereka dengan memperkuat kualitas pelayanan, nilai yang ditawarkan, dan citra perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 614, "width": 113, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tinjauan Literatur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 644, "width": 227, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengukuran kualitas layanan adalah aspek kunci dalam bisnis yang menuntut perhatian serius. Salah satu alat ukur yang sering digunakan dalam mengembangkan pengukuran kualitas layanan adalah SERVQUAL ( Service Quality ), yang dikembangkan oleh Parasuraman, Zeithaml, dan Berry (2013). Konsep SERVQUAL membantu dalam mengevaluasi kualitas jasa atau pelayanan dengan membandingkan harapan pelanggan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 793, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1235 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "persepsi pelayanan yang mereka terima, menciptakan apa yang disebut sebagai Gap Analysis. Dalam konsep SERVQUAL, konsumen membandingkan antara pelayanan yang mereka harapkan dengan persepsi atas pelayanan yang mereka terima, menciptakan Gap Analysis yang merupakan dasar dari alat ukur ini. Dalam SERVQUAL, para peneliti mengidentifikasi lima dimensi kunci yang berkaitan dengan kualitas layanan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 212, "width": 222, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Keandalan ( Reliability ): Dimensi ini menekankan kemampuan pemberi layanan untuk memberikan pelayanan sesuai dengan janji, dengan kecepatan, akurasi, dan konsistensi yang tinggi. Pelanggan mengharapkan layanan yang dapat diandalkan tanpa adanya ketidakpastian atau keraguan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 320, "width": 222, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Daya Tanggap ( Responsiveness ): Kecepatan dan kemauan staf untuk membantu pelanggan, memberikan pelayanan dengan responsif, dan merespons permintaan pelanggan dengan cepat adalah faktor- faktor yang menjadi fokus dalam dimensi ini. Pelanggan ingin merasa didengar dan dilayani dengan cepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 428, "width": 221, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Jaminan ( Assurance ): Dimensi jaminan mencakup aspek", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 210, "top": 442, "width": 65, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengetahuan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 455, "width": 203, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "keterampilan, kesopanan, dan sifat yang dapat dipercaya yang dimiliki oleh staf. Pelanggan ingin merasa aman dan percaya bahwa pelayanan yang mereka terima akan memenuhi harapan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 523, "width": 222, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Empati ( Empathy ): Dimensi ini melibatkan kemudahan dalam berkomunikasi,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 550, "width": 203, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "perhatian personal, dan kemampuan staf untuk memahami dan merespons kebutuhan pelanggan. Pelanggan ingin merasa diperlakukan secara individual dan dipahami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 617, "width": 222, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "5) Bukti Fisik ( Tangibles ): Faktor-faktor fisik seperti fasilitas, perlengkapan, penampilan staf, dan sarana komunikasi menjadi fokus dalam dimensi ini. Bukti fisik harus mencerminkan kualitas layanan yang diharapkan oleh pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 712, "width": 225, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepuasan Pelanggan Kata \"kepuasan\" ( satisfaction ) berasal dari bahasa Latin, yaitu \" satis \" yang berarti \"cukup baik\" atau \"memadai,\" serta \" facto \" yang berarti \"melakukan atau membuat.\" Dalam konteks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 406, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang lebih luas, kepuasan dapat diartikan sebagai usaha untuk memenuhi suatu keadaan hingga mencapai tingkat yang memadai. Kepuasan merujuk pada perasaan senang atau kecewa yang muncul pada seseorang setelah ia membandingkan kinerja atau hasil produk yang diterimanya dengan harapannya (Phillips & Baumgartner, 2002). Ketika kinerja berada di bawah harapan, pelanggan akan merasa tidak puas. Jika kinerja memenuhi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa puas. Dan ketika kinerja melebihi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa sangat puas bahkan senang. Supranto (2006) menjelaskan bahwa kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan pelanggan adalah hasil dari perbandingan antara harapan pelanggan dan kinerja yang dirasakannya. Kepuasan pelanggan tercapai ketika kinerja suatu produk setidaknya setara dengan harapan pelanggan. Kepuasan adalah tingkat perasaan seseorang setelah membandingkan kinerja yang dirasakannya dengan harapan yang dimilikinya (Phuong & Vinh, 2021; Krampf, Ueltschy, & d'Amico, 2003). Tingkat kepuasan ini tergantung pada perbedaan antara kinerja yang dirasakan dan harapan. Apabila kinerja berada di bawah harapan, pelanggan akan merasa kecewa. Jika kinerja memenuhi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa puas. Sedangkan jika kinerja melebihi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa sangat puas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 496, "width": 227, "height": 284, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Shokouhyar, Shokoohyar, & Safari (2020), beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan meliputi mutu produk dan pelayanan, kegiatan penjualan, pelayanan pasca- penjualan, dan nilai-nilai perusahaan. Tercapainya kepuasan pelanggan membawa beragam manfaat, termasuk membangun hubungan harmonis antara perusahaan dan pelanggan, memberikan dasar yang kuat untuk pembelian ulang, mendorong kesetiaan pelanggan, serta menghasilkan rekomendasi positif melalui word-of-mouth yang menguntungkan bagi perusahaan (Woro & Naili, 2013; Noranee, dkk ., 2021). Untuk mengukur kepuasan pelanggan, Kotler (2007) mengidentifikasi empat metode yang digunakan oleh perusahaan, yaitu sistem keluhan dan saran, survei kepuasan pelanggan, belanja siluman, dan analisis pelanggan yang hilang. Pengukuran kepuasan pelanggan melibatkan tiga faktor kunci, yaitu pemilihan ukuran kinerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1236 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang sesuai, penerapan proses pengukuran yang bersifat normatif, dan penggunaan instrumen serta teknik pengukuran yang tepat guna menciptakan indikator yang valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 145, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesetiaan Konsumen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 158, "width": 225, "height": 364, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesetiaan konsumen dapat diartikan sebagai komitmen seseorang terhadap suatu produk, baik barang maupun jasa, dan merupakan hasil dari pengalaman serta kepuasan yang telah diberikan oleh perusahaan (Rizal, 2019). Kesetiaan ini mencerminkan bukti bahwa konsumen selalu memilih untuk menjadi pelanggan yang setia, menguatkan hubungan positif mereka dengan perusahaan. Istilah \"kesetiaan\" ini sering kali dihubungkan dengan \"loyalty\" dalam bahasa Inggris, yang mengacu pada pentingnya kepercayaan dan komitmen dalam konteks pemasaran produk atau jasa. Terdapat dua istilah yang hampir serupa, yakni kesetiaan merek dan kesetiaan pelanggan, sehingga seringkali disebut sebagai kesetiaan merek (Rosadin & Gulo, 2023; Muhamad & Manik, 2023). Arslan (2020) menjelaskan bahwa kesetiaan pelanggan selalu menjadi tujuan jangka panjang dalam perencanaan strategis pasar. Sementara itu, Gultom, Arif, & Fahmi (2020) mengemukakan bahwa kesetiaan pelanggan adalah komitmen pelanggan terhadap suatu merek, toko, atau pemasok, yang tercermin dalam pembelian ulang yang konsisten dan didasari oleh sikap yang sangat positif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 536, "width": 90, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Citra Perusahaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 550, "width": 225, "height": 230, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Gunawan (2022), citra dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan keyakinan, ide, dan kesan yang dimiliki oleh seseorang terhadap suatu objek. Sebaliknya, menurut Johnson dan Zinkhan (2014), citra merupakan persepsi keseluruhan terhadap suatu objek yang terbentuk melalui pengolahan informasi dari berbagai sumber secara berkesinambungan. Di sisi lain, pandangan Siregar (2022) tentang citra adalah kesan yang muncul sebagai hasil pemahaman akan suatu realitas (Aditya, 2023). Citra mencerminkan kesan subjektif terhadap suatu objek yang terbentuk melalui proses pengumpulan informasi dari berbagai sumber yang dapat dipercayai, dan seringkali bersifat dinamis karena terus berkembang seiring waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerangka Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 91, "width": 227, "height": 270, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerangka penelitian ini didasarkan pada pandangan Pena (2018), yang mengadopsi konsep Parasuraman, Zeithaml, dan Berry (2006) terkait kualitas layanan. Selain itu, kerangka penelitian ini juga merujuk pada teori nilai pelanggan yang dikembangkan oleh Kotler & Pfoertsch (2007) untuk menggambarkan aspek nilai yang diberikan kepada pelanggan. Selanjutnya, kerangka penelitian ini mencakup konsep citra perusahaan yang disusun berdasarkan pandangan Dlačić & Žabkar (2012), yang menggambarkan persepsi dan kesan pelanggan terhadap perusahaan. Terakhir, kerangka penelitian ini berdasarkan pandangan Putri (2015) tentang kesetiaan pelanggan sebagai hasil dari hubungan antara kualitas layanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan. Gambaran lebih detail mengenai kerangka penelitian ini dapat ditemukan pada gambar yang disajikan dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 435, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Pemikiran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 462, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 476, "width": 227, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah dan tujuan penelitian, maka hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dapat diturunkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 516, "width": 227, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "HI : Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan darn pelayanarn terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 584, "width": 227, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tengah, dan Aceh H2 : Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dan nilai pelanggan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh H3 : Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dan citra perusahaan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 793, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1237 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 135, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metodologi Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 105, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peralatan Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 132, "width": 197, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y=α + β 1 x β 2 +β 2 x 2 +β 3 x β 3 +e Dimana: Y = Kesetiaan Pelanggan a = Konstanta β 1 –β 3 = Koefisien regresi xl - x3 x 1 = Pelayanan x 2 = Nilai Pelanggan x 3 = Citra Perusahaan e = error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 267, "width": 225, "height": 256, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk menguji signifikansi pengaruh masing- masing variabel, yaitu pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, dapat dilakukan dengan uji-t dan uji F. Perhitungan nilai dan signifikansi dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistik seperti program SPSS. Jika nilai signifikansi (p-value) dari kedua uji tersebut lebih kecil daripada tingkat signifikansi yang ditentukan, misalnya 5%, maka kedua variabel tersebut dapat dianggap signifikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh yang nyata antara variabel independen (pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan) terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di daerah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 537, "width": 110, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Operasional Variabel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 551, "width": 224, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "ariabel yang dioperasionalkan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari satu variabel terikat (dependent), yaitu Kesetiaan Pelanggan (Y), dan tiga variabel bebas (independent), yaitu Kinerja Pelayanan (X1), Nilai Pelanggan (X2), dan Citra Perusahaan (X3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 645, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian Hipotesis Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=5%) artinya variabel- variabel yang diuji tersebut diberi korelesi kesalahan maksimum 5%. Pengujian ini didasarkan pada perbandingan nilai t- hitung dengan t- tabel. . Jika t- hitung > dari t-tabel maka keputusannya adalah menerima hipotesis alternatif (Ha) dan menolak hipotesa null (Ho) dan sebaliknya jika t- hitung < dari t- tabel maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 230, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "keputusannya adalah menolak hipotesa alternatif (Ha) dan menerima hipotesis null (Ho) dengan tingkat kesalahan (α) 5%. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah diduga bahwa nilai bagi pelanggan dan biaya dari pelanggan merupakan faktor yang dapat memberikan kepuasan kepada pelanggannya. Untuk menguji hipotesis dalarn pengujian ini, penulis menggunakan uji F(f tes ) dan uji T(t tes ) yaitu dengan membandingkan antara signifikasi F- hitung dengan F- tabel dan signifikansi t- hitung dengan t- tabel . Jika nilai t- hitung > t- tabel dengan tingkat signifikansi α 5% maka menerima Ha dan menolak H o . Jika nilai t- hitung < t- tabel dengan tingkat signifikansi α 5% maka menolak H a dan menerima H o .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 320, "width": 227, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "H° 1 : Tidak ada pengaruh kinerja pelayanan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh Haj : Ada pengaruh kinerja pelayanan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh Ho2 : Tidak ada pengaruh nilai pelanggan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 523, "width": 227, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha2 : Ada pengaruh nilai pelanggan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. HO : Tidak ada pengaruh citra perusahaan terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 658, "width": 227, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "HO : Ada pengaruh citra perusahaan terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1238 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 138, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 106, "width": 224, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji validitas menunjukkan bahwa seluruh pernyataan dalam instrumen penelitian telah dinyatakan valid, dengan koefisien korelasi yang signifikan dan nilai kritis di bawah 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reliabilitas variabel penelitian juga menunjukkan tingkat keandalan yang tinggi, dengan nilai alfa di atas 0,6 untuk semua variabel, menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penelitian memiliki konsistensi yang baik dalam mengukur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 145, "width": 470, "height": 633, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "konstruk yang diuji. Hasil Uji Validitas Tabel 1. Hasil Uji Validitas No. Pernyataan Variabel Koefisien Korelasi Nilai Kritis 5 % N=150) Ket 1. A1 0.537 0.159 Valid 2. A2 0.664 0.159 Valid 3. A3 X1 0,712 0.159 Valid 4. A4 (Pelayanan) 0.606 0.159 Valid 5. A5 0.516 0.159 Valid 6. B 1 0.607 0.159 Valid 7. B2 0.675 0.159 Valid 8. B3 x2 0.710 0.159 Valid 9. B4 (Nilai Pelanggan) (Nilai 0.640 0.159 Valid 10. B5 0.470 0.159 Valid 11. C 1 0.527 0.159 Valid 12. C2 x3 0.622 0.159 Valid 13. C3 (Citra Perusahaan) (Citra 0.693 0.159 Valid 14. C4 0.318 0.159 Valid 15. C5 0.382 0.159 Valid 16. D 1 0.742 0.159 Valid 17. D2 Y 0.778 0.159 Valid 18. D3 (Kesetiaan 0.632 0.159 Valid 19. D4 Pelanggan) 0.637 0.159 Valid 20. D5 0.313 0.159 Valid Sumber: Data Primer 2023, (diolah). Tabel 2. Hasil Reliabilitas Variabel Penelitian (Alpha) No Variabel Rata- rata Item Variabel Nilai Alpha Ket 1 Pelavanan (x 1) 4.183 5 0.670 Handal 2 Nilai Pelanggan (x2) 4.208 5 0.602 Handal 3 Citra Perusahaan (x3) 4.211 5 0.675 Handal 4 Kesetiaan Pelanggan (Y) 4.008 5 0.611 Handal Sumber: Data Primer 2023 (diolah) Tabel 3. Hasil Atribut Pelayanan No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1. Produk yang ditawarkan oleh Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di 0 0o 0 0.0 32 21.3 67 44 7 51 34.0 413", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 793, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1239 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 78, "width": 470, "height": 608, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sangat handal dan Berkualitas 0 2. Pihak PT.PLN selalu tanggab Terhadap setiap keluhan yang disampaikan oleh pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 32 21.3 58 38.7 60 40.0 4.19 3. Pihak PT.PLN Meyakinkan konsumen akan keunggulan dari produk yang ditawarkan 0 0.0 0 0.0 30 200 71 47.3 40 32.7 4.13 4. Pihak PT.PLN selalu peduli terhadap pelanggan tanpa membedakan status dari pelanggan 0 0 0 0 0.0 34 22 7 53 35.3 63 42.0 419 5. Pihak PT.PLN selalu dapat memberikan bukti tentang kualitas produk yang ditawarkan. 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 17.3 56 37.3 68 45.3 4.28 Rerata 4.18 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah). Tabel 4. Hasil Nilai Pelanggan No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1 Dava tahan dari kualitas PT.PLN tahan latna 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 18.0 66 440 57 38.0 420 2. Kesigapan pihak PT.PLN dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 29 19.3 60 40.0 61 407 421 3. Perusahaan mampu membina Inibungan secara baik dengan setiap pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 17.3 68 45.3 56 37.3 4.20 4. Harga beli yang ditawarkan pihakPT.PLN sesuai dengan kemampuan Masyarakat 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 18.0 51 34.0 72 48 0 430 5. Pihak PT.PLN selalu memberikan pilihan Daya Listrik kepada pelanggan setianya ~ 0 0.0 0 0.0 30 20.0 71 47.3 49 32 7 4 13 Rerata 4.20 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1240 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 211, "top": 77, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Citra Perusahaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 91, "width": 470, "height": 688, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1. PT.PLN selalu berkomitnten dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kepada setiap pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 18.0 64 42.7 59 39.3 421 2. PT.PLN akan selalu mempertahankan merek mereka yang sudah terkenal 0 0.0 0 0.0 28 18.7 60 40 0 62 41 3 4.23 3. PT.PLN akar selalu menjaga reputasi perusahaan dari para pesaingnya 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 17 3 66 44 0 58 38 7 4.21 4. PT.PLN akan selalu berusaha mempertahankan pangsa pasar yang ada dan akan memperluasnya 0 0.0 0 0.0 29 193 19.3 40.0 61 40.7 4.21 5. PLN merupakan salah satu pemimpin pasar dalam bidang telekomunikasi GSM 0 0.0 0 0.0 32 21.3 58 38.7 60 40.0 4.19 Rarata 4.21 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah). Tabel 6. Hasil Kesetiaan Pelanggan No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1 Konsumen selalu menggunakan Jasa Listrik PT. PLN 0 0.0 5 3.3 25 16.7 78 52.0 42 28.0 4.05 2. PT. PLN merupakan merek yang selalu melekat dalam ingatan konsumen 3 2.0 8 5 3 15 10.0 83 54 7 42 28.0 401 3. Konsumen selalu mempunyai komitmen yang tinggi terhadap perusahaan 2 1.3 2 1.3 22 14.7 76 50.7 2 1.3 4.11 4. Meskipun terjadi perubahan harga, konsunen tetap akan setia terhadap Perusahaan PT.PLN (persero) 0 0 0 16 107 50 33 3 54 36.0 30 20.0 3.65 5. Perang harga antar sesama Peruhaan jasa membuat saya tetap setia terhadap Perusahaan PT.PLN (Persero) 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 18.0 63 42.0 60 40.0 4.22 Rerata 4.00 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 257, "top": 793, "width": 260, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1241 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 352, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, ketika responden diminta untuk menilai atribut pelayanan, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden memberikan penilaian positif terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. Mereka mengakui kehandalan produk yang ditawarkan, responsifnya pihak perusahaan terhadap keluhan pelanggan, keyakinan mereka terhadap keunggulan produk, perhatian yang diberikan kepada pelanggan tanpa membedakan status, dan kemampuan perusahaan untuk memberikan bukti kualitas produk. Sementara itu, penilaian terhadap nilai pelanggan menunjukkan bahwa responden cenderung puas dengan kualitas produk dan layanan yang diberikan oleh Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan. Mereka menyoroti kesigapan perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan, kemampuan perusahaan dalam menjaga hubungan baik dengan pelanggan, kesesuaian harga produk dengan kemampuan masyarakat, serta kemampuan perusahaan dalam memberikan pilihan daya listrik kepada pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 442, "width": 225, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hal citra perusahaan, hasil penilaian menunjukkan bahwa responden umumnya memiliki pandangan positif terhadap komitmen perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kepada pelanggan, upaya perusahaan dalam mempertahankan merek yang sudah terkenal, upaya perusahaan dalam menjaga reputasi dari pesaing, serta usaha perusahaan untuk mempertahankan dan memperluas pangsa pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 590, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di sisi kesetiaan pelanggan, mayoritas responden menunjukkan bahwa mereka memiliki tingkat kesetiaan yang tinggi terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan. Mereka secara konsisten menggunakan jasa listrik dari perusahaan, menyatakan bahwa merek perusahaan melekat dalam ingatan mereka, dan menunjukkan komitmen tinggi terhadap perusahaan meskipun terjadi perubahan harga atau persaingan antar perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 739, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan Dalam upaya meningkatkan kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, maka perlu diketahui pengaruh variabei bebas yaitu pelayanan (xl), nilai pelanggan (x2), citra perusahaan (x3), terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh (Y). Pengaruh masing-masing variabel bebas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 226, "width": 225, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Pengaruh Masing-Masing Variabel Bebas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 239, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terhadap Variabel Terikat Nama Variabel B Standar Error t hiitung T tabel sig Konstanta (a) 2.23 5 0.107 20.871 1.976 0.000 pengaruh Pelayanan (xl) 0.161 0.020 8.223 1.976 0.000 Nilai pelanggan (x2) 0.118 0.023 5.164 1.976 0.000 Citra perusahaan (x3) 0.165 0.020 8.135 1.976 0.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 400, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data Primer, 2023 (diolah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 425, "width": 227, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari persamaan regresi di atas dapat diketahui hasil penelitian diperoleh persamaan regresi berganda sebagai berikut. Y=2.235 + 0.161x 2 + 0.165x 3 Koefisien Regresi (β):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 479, "width": 224, "height": 176, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Konstanta sebesar 2.235. Artinya jika faktor-faktor pengaruh pelayanan (xl), nilai pelanggan (x2) dan citra perusahaan (x3), dianggap konstan, maka besarnya kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh adalah sebesar 2.235 pada satuan skala likert atau kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh masih dikatakan rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 655, "width": 223, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Koefisien regresi pengaruh Pelayanan (xl) sebesar 0.161. Artinya bahwa setiap I satuan perubahan (perbaikan, karena tanda +) dalam variabel pengaruh Pelayanan, maka secara relatif akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sebesar 16.1%, dengan demikian semakin tinggi pengaruh Pelayanan akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1242 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "semakin mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 131, "width": 222, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Koefisien regresi Niat pelanggan (x2) sebesar 0.118. Artinya setiap 1 satuan perubahan (perbaikan, karena tanda +) dalam variabel Nilai pelanggan, maka secara relatif akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sebesar 11.8%, jadi Nilai pelanggan akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 53, "top": 307, "width": 221, "height": 176, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Koefisien regresi citra perusahaan (x3) sebesar 0.165. Artinya setiap 1 satuan perubahan (perbaikan, karena tanda +) daiam variabel citra perusahaan, maka secara relatif akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sebesar 16.5%, jadi citra perusahaan akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 496, "width": 120, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembuktian Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 509, "width": 225, "height": 271, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam membuktikan hipotesis alternatif bahwa terdapat pengaruh secara langsung antara faktor-faktor yang diteliti berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh melalui pengaruh Pelayanan (xl), Nilai pelanggan (x2) dan Citra perusahaan (x3), hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai t hitung > t- tabel dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.000 atau probabilitas jauh dibawah a 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dijelaskan bahwa semua indikator yang diteliti berpangaruh terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, dimana pengaruh pelayanan (xl), Nilai pelanggan (x2), dan Citra perusahaan (x3) sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan peianggan Perusahaan Jasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh Sedangkah hasil pengujian. secara parsial disebutkan bahwa pengaruh Pelayanan (xl), Nilai pelanggan (x2), dan Citra perusahaan (x3) mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh dengan demikian hipotesis Hal, Ha2 dan Ha3 diterima dan menolak hipotesis Hol, Ho2 dan Ho3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 266, "width": 71, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 295, "width": 224, "height": 365, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. Variabel dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan adalah citra perusahaan, yang ditandai dengan nilai koefisien regresi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan variabel lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa citra perusahaan menjadi faktor penting yang memengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan. Hasil uji-F atau uji simultan menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang diteliti secara bersama-sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di daerah tersebut, karena ditemukan nilai F-hitung yang lebih besar dari F- tabel pada tingkat signifikansi α = 5%. Hasil uji-t atau uji parsial juga mengindikasikan bahwa pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan secara terpisah terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di wilayah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 687, "width": 92, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 716, "width": 227, "height": 68, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aditya, P. F. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Corporate Social Responbility Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Jurnal EMT KITA , 7 (4), 1044-1052.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 793, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1243 \| Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 \| No. 4 \| 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arslan, I. K. (2020). The importance of creating customer loyalty in achieving sustainable competitive advantage. Eurasian Journal of Business and", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 131, "width": 113, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Management , 8 (1), 11-20.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 158, "width": 225, "height": 68, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dlačić, J., & Žabkar, V. (2012). Relationship commitment, relational equity and company image in customer loyalty development. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja , 25 (2), 503-524.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 239, "width": 225, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evanschitzky, H., Ramaseshan, B.,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 253, "width": 196, "height": 54, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Woisetschläger, D. M., Richelsen, V., Blut, M., & Backhaus, C. (2012). Consequences of customer loyalty to the loyalty", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 293, "width": 197, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "program and to the company. Journal of the academy of marketing science , 40 , 625-638.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 320, "width": 225, "height": 109, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-011- 0272-3. Gultom, D. K., Arif, M., & Fahmi, M. (2020). Determinasi kepuasan pelanggan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan melalui kepercayaan. Maneggio: Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 415, "width": 196, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ilmiah Magister Manajemen , 3 (2), 171-180.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 455, "width": 225, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan, S. (2022). 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78a10ae6-5cb5-af78-b7e3-52fd4ecb2018	https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/enggang/article/download/8477/4404	[ { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 83, "width": 392, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MUTU LAYANAN PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH HIDAYATUL MUBTADIIN JATI AGUNG LAMPUNG SELATAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 121, "width": 36, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sarpendi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 132, "width": 176, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Islam An Nur Lampung, Indonesia Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 179, "width": 35, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 190, "width": 403, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of educational services in the aspects of physical evidence, aspects of empathy, aspects of reliability in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. This study used a qualitative approach. While the method used in this research is descriptive research method. The data collection technique used is observation, interview and documentation techniques. This participatory observation technique was carried out to observe the geographical location in the form of a location plan and environmental conditions, vision, mission, strategy and motto of the Nurul Hikmah Tsanawiyah Madrasah School. Interviews were conducted to determine the quality of educational services in the physical evidence aspect, the empathy aspect, and the reliability aspect. Based on the results of the description that has been described that the quality of service aspects of physical evidence (tangible) at MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin has adequate physical conditions, the availability of facilities and infrastructure that support learning, service aspects of empathy (emphaty) has good service quality. This can be interpreted that the ability of school principals, teachers and staff to communicate with students and parents, such as paying attention to students who have learning abilities have not yet reached the KKM by providing additional learning after school hours are over, service aspects of reliability (reliability) have service quality already in line with customer expectations such as competent teachers and supportive teacher educational backgrounds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 374, "width": 157, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Quality of Education services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 407, "width": 36, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 417, "width": 404, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Mutu layanan pendidikan aspek bukti fisik, aspek rasa empati, aspek reliabilitas yang ada di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin.. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan ialah dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik observasi partisipasi ini dilakukan untuk mengamati letak geografis berupa denah lokasi dan kondisi lingkungan, visi, misi, strategi dan motto Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui Mutu layanan pendidikan aspek bukti fisik, aspek rasa empati, aspek reliabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil uraian yang sudah dijabarkan bahwa Mutu layanan aspek bukti fisik (tangible) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin memiliki kondisi fisik cukup memadai, tersedianya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung pembelajaran, layanan aspek empati (emphaty) memiliki mutu layanan yang baik. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa kemampuan Kepala Sekolah, guru dan staf dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa dan orang tua, seperti memberikan perhatian pada siswa yang memiliki kemampuan belajar belum mencapai KKM dengan memberikan belajar tambahan setelah jam belajar selesai, layanan aspek kehandalan (reliability) memiliki mutu layanan sudah sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan seperti guru yang kompeten dan latar belakang pendidikan guru yang mendukung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 590, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: Mutu layanan Pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 95, "width": 404, "height": 283, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan yang diselenggarakan di setiap satuan pendidikan, mulai dari pendidikan dasar sampai pendidikan tinggi, bahkan yang dilakukan di lembaga-lembaga nonformal dan informal seharusnya dapat menjadi landasan bagi pembentukan pribadi peserta didik dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Namun demikian, pada kenyataannya mutu pendidikan, khususnya mutu output pendidikan masih rendah jika dibanding dengan mutu ouput pendidikan di Negara lain, baik di Asia maupun di kawasan ASEAN. Rendahnya mutu pendidikan memerlukan penanganan secara menyeluruh, karena dalam kehidupan suatu bangsa, pendidikan memegang peranan yang amat penting untuk menjamin kelangsungan hidup Negara dan bangsa, juga merupakan wahana untuk meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kualitas sumber daya manusia (Mulyasa 2022). Mutu layanan adalah segala bentuk sangat tergantung pada guru (Ari Supadi 2022). Partisipasi aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dewasa ini umumnya masih perusahaan/institusi/produsen guna memenuhi sebatas pada dukungan dana, sedangkan harapan konsumen. Layanan dalam hal ini dukungan lainnya yang berupa moral, diartikan sebagai jasa atau service yang pemikiran, barang dan jasa kurang disampaikan oleh pemilik jasa yang berupa diperhatikan. Akuntabilitas sekolah terhadap kemudahan, kecepatan, hubungan, kemampuan masyarakat juga lemah terutama dan keramahtamahan yang ditujukan melalui mempertanggungjawabkan hasil pelaksanaan sikap dan sifat dalam memberikan layanan pendidikan kepada masyarakt (orang tua) untuk kepuasan konsumen (Permana, Nasor, and Pujianti 2022). Program pendidikan yang bermutu harus memiliki ciri khusus, diantaranya harus mempertimbangkan kondisi setempat (Nurkolis 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 381, "width": 404, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Usman menyatakan, mutu dibidang pendidikan meliputi mutu input, proses, output, dan outcome. Input pendidikan dinyatakan bermutu apabila mampu menciptakan suasana yang PAKEMB (Pembelajaran yang Aktif, Kreatif, Menyenangkan, dan Bermakna). Output dinyatakan bermutu jika hasil belajar akademik dan non akademik siswa tinggi. Out come dinyatakan bermutu apabila lulusan cepat terserap di dunia kerja, gaji wajar, semua pihak mengakui kehebatan lulusan dan merasa puas (Usman Nasir 1998).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 471, "width": 404, "height": 153, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Input pendidikan adalah segala hal yang harus tersedia karena dibutuhkan untuk berlangsungnya proses (Setyaningsih 2020). Segala hal yang dimaksud meliputi sumberdaya dan perangkat lunak serta harapan-harapan sebagai pemandu bagi berlangsungnya proses. Input sumberdaya meliputi sumberdaya manusia (kepala sekolah, guru-termasuk guru BP-, karyawan, siswa) dan sumberdaya selebihnya (peralatan, perlengkapan, uang, bahan,). input perangkat lunak meliputi struktur organisasi sekolah, peraturan perundang-undangan, deskripsi tugas, rencana, program, dan sebagainya. Input harapan-harapan berupa visi, misi, tujuan, dan sasaran-sasaran yang ingin dicapai oleh sekolah. Kesiapan input sangat diperlukan agar proses dapat berlangsung dengan baik. oleh karena itu tinggi rendahnya mutu input dapat diukur dari tingkat kesiapan input. Makin tinggi tingkat kesiapan input, makin tinggi pula mutu input tersebut (Rohiat 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 627, "width": 404, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan pendidikan dapat dilihat dalam dua hal, yakni mengacu pada proses pendidikan dan hasil pendidikan. Proses pendidikan yang bermutu apabila seluruh komponen pendidikan terlibat dalam proses pendidikan itu sendiri (Sri Hartati, Sulthan Syahril 2022). Faktor-faktor dalam proses pendidikan adalah berbagai input, seperti bahan ajar, metodologi, saran sekolah, dukungan administrasi dan sarana prasarana dan sumber daya lainnya serta penciptaan suasana kondusif.(Sariman, Andi Warisno 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 82, "width": 404, "height": 231, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengertian kualitas atau mutu dapat dilihat juga dari konsep secara absolut dan relative. Dalam konsep absolut sesuatu (barang) disebut berkualitas bila memenuhi standar tertinggi dan sempurna. Artinya, barang tersebut sudah tidak ada yang memebihi. Bila diterapkan dalam dunia pendidikan konsep kualitas absolut ini bersifat elitis karena hanya sedikit lembaga pendidikan yang akan mampu menawarkan kualitas tertinggi kepada peserta didik dan hanya sedikit siswa yang akan mampu membayarnya. Sedangkan, dalam konsep relatif, kualitas berarti memenuhi spesifikasi yang ditetapkan dan sesuai dengan tujuan (fit fortheir purpose). Edward & Sallis dalam Nurkholis, mengemukakankualitas dalam konsep relatif berhubungan dengan produsen, maka kualitas berarti sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang ditetapkan pelanggan (Nurkolis 2008). Pendidikan merupakan suatu dimensi pembangunan. Proses pendidikan terkait dengan proses pembangunan. Sedangkan pembangunan diarahkan dan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas serta pembangunan dibidang ekonomi yang saling menunjang satu sama lainnya. Proses pendidikan berkenaan dengan semua upaya untuk mengembangkan mutu sumber daya manusia, sedangkan manusia yang bermutu itu pada hakikatnya telah dijabarkan dan dirumuskan secara jelas dalam rumusan tujuan pendidikan dan tujuan pendidikan itu searah dengan tujuan pembangunan secara keseluruhan (Gusmayanti et al. 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 329, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 342, "width": 404, "height": 165, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode penelitian deskriptif (I. N. Sari et al. 2022). Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan ialah dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik observasi partisipasi ini dilakukan untuk mengamati letak geografis berupa denah lokasi dan kondisi lingkungan, visi, misi, strategi dan motto Sekolah Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Kemudian teknik wawancara dilakukan terlebih dahulu dengan menentukan key informant. Teknik ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui informasi mengenai sejarah berdirinya Sekolah. Sedangkan teknik dokumentasi dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran, dokumen dan buku yang dapat berkaitan dengan penelitian untuk mengetahui data tertulis. Teknik ini dilakukan untuk mempermudah peneliti mendapatkan informasi mengenai profil madrasah, sejarah madrasah, visi, misi, strategi dan motto madrasah, struktur organisasi dan keadaan sumber daya manusia yang terdapat di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 510, "width": 403, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data sebelum di lapangan yakni data yang ditemukan ketika telah melaksanakan studi pendahuluan, yakni analisis data mengenai kondisi objektif Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Fokus analisis data disini adalah mengenai mutu layanan pendidikan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Analisis data di lapangan yang terdapat 3 kegiatan yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data yang dilakukan berdasarkan fokus penelitian yang diambil. Uji absah data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan pengamatan, peningkatan ketekunan, triangulasi, analisis kasus negatif, menggunakan bahan referensi dan melakukan membercheck (D. I. Sari, Syahrir, and Setyaningsih 2022). Uji abash data dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa data yang diterima merupakan data yang sebenarnya terdapat pada tempat penelitian (Agustianti et al. 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 96, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Mutu Layanan Pendidikan Aspek Bukti Fisik (Tangibles) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 121, "width": 404, "height": 568, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aspek mutu layanan pendidikan di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin berupa bukti fisik dapat terlihat dari kelengkapan sarana dan prasaran penunjang maupun fasilitas utama dalam kelancaran proses pembelajaran. Terpenuhinya semua kebutuhan tersebut dapat memberikan suatu bukti bahwa aspek tangibles yang ada di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinsudah memiliki mutu yang baik baik dari segi area atau lokasi, penataan ruang kelas dan kebersihan lingkungannya. Sebagaimana hasil wawancara dengan Kepala Sekolah yang menjelaskan bahwa: Di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinini, bukti fisik sebagai salah satu indikator mutu layanan pendidikan sudah memadai. Ketersediaan sarana prasarana yang mendukung pembelajaran, letak sekolah yang strategis ditengah-tengah penduduk, serta lingkungan yang bersih dan asri. Hasil wawancara tersebut di dukung dengan hasil observasi langsung di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Lokasi dan lingkungan berdirinya MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin berada di tengah-tengah perkampungan dan berdekatan dengan jalan raya, sehingga mudah dijangkau oleh masyarakat sekitar yang menyekolahkan anak-anaknya di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Sesuai dengan tuntutan di era globalisasi. saat ini, guru di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin diharuskan untuk memiliki pola pikir (mindset) dan pola tindak (actionset) terutama dalam mengimplementasikan dan mengembangkan kurikulum (2013) yang berlaku sekarang. Disamping itu, perubahan pola pikir dan pola tindak dalam mengelola kelas dan melaksanakan proses pembelajaran, setiap guru di sekolah tersebut dituntut untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam meningkatkan mutu layanan pendidikan khususnya layanan proses pembelajaran sesuai dengan standar proses dan sesuai dengan Permendiknas nomor 41 tahun 2007. Aspek layanan bukti fisik dalam hal adanya layanan kesehatan yang diberikan oleh pihak sekolah seperti disampaikan oleh siswa sebagai berikut; di sekolah kalau ada siswa yang sakit diberikan pengobatan pertama, misalnya jika ada yang terjatuh dan luka, guru-guru segera memberikan obat dan membersihkan lukanya, jika ada siswa yang pingsan saat upacara sekolah, segera dibawa ke ruangan untuk diberikan pertolongan pertama. Mutu bukti fisik ini merupakan seberapa baik penampilan dan kemampuan sarana dan prasarana fisik harus dapat diandalkan. Penampilan fisik layanan, kayawan, dan komunikasi akan memberikan warna dalam layanan pelanggan. Tingkat kelengkapan peralatan atau teknologi yang digunakan akan berpengaruh pada layanan pelanggan. Karyawan dalam hal ini adalah guru dan staf adalah sosok yang memberikan perhatian terkait dengan sikap,penampilan dan bagaimana mereka menyampaikan kesan layanan. Dalam hal ini sejauh mana perusahaan memfasilitasi sarana komunikasi sebagai upaya untuk memberikan kemudahan dalam layanan adalah hal yang tidak terpisahkan. Bukti fisik langsung dalam mutu layanan merupakan bentuk aktualisasi nyata secara fisik dapat terlihat atau digunakan oleh pegawai sesuai dengan penggunaan dan pemanfaatannya yang dapat dirasakan membantu layanan yang diterima oleh orang yang menginginkan layanan, sehingga puas atas layanan yang dirasakan yang sekaligus menunjukan prestasi kerja atas pemberian layanan yang diberikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada faktor bukti langsung diartikan bahwa di Mts MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin sudah memberikan layanan fasilitas dan kelenggkapan sarana dan prasarana yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen, meskipun dengan keterbatasan. Dengan adanya layanan fasilitas dan sarana prasarana maka konsumen menjadi terpuaskan karena yang diharapkan dalam layanan dapat tercapai dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Mutu Layanan Pendidikan Aspek Rasa Empati (Empathy) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 108, "width": 404, "height": 360, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan tidak hanya diharapkan dan dinilai dari lembaga pendidikan yang menghasilkan suatu produk yang diinginkan. Salah satu tempat yang memerlukan perhatian terkait kualitas layanannya adalah lembaga pendidikan. Kerap kali kita mengeluh tentang layanan di instansi pemerintahan yang cenderung kurang atau tidak memenuhi kriteria yang diharapkan. Namun pada dasarnya standar mutu layanan di lembaga pendidikan telah memiliki standar-standar tersendiri yang harus dipenuhi. Beberapa layanan yang kerap harus diperhatikan untuk layanan masyarakat diantaranya adalah di bidang mutu layanan pendidikan sebagai penyedia layanan jasa. Dimensi ini merujuk pada sejauh mana tingkat pemahaman/simpati (caring) serta perhatian secara individual yang diberikan oleh pihak sekolah kepada para siswa dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan kepala MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinberkaitan dengan dimensi mutu layanan pendidikan aspek empaty yang di berikan kepada siswa selaku konsumen, bahwa: Sejauh ini pihak sekolah selalu berusaha memberikan perhatian khusus bagi siswa-siswanya. Perhatian yang dimaksud adalah ketika siswa mengalamai masalah kesulitan belajar maka dilakukan tindakan seperti adanya bimbingan belajar secara khusus. Pihak sekolah juga berusaha memberikan peluang bagi siswa yang memiliki kelebihan baik dalam bidak akademisi maupun non akademik. Hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas, bakat dan kemampuannya. Layanan yang empati, memang sangat diperlukan sentuhan pribadi. Sentuhan pribadi ini hanya menjadi maksimal, apabila lembaga mempunyai sistem database yang efektif. Tanpa hal ini, sungguh sulit untuk menerapkan layanan yang empati. Dimensi empati adalah dimensi yang memberikan peluang besar untuk memberikan layanan yang bersifat “surprise”. Sesuatu yang tidak diharapkan pelanggan, ternyata diberikan oleh penyedia jasa. Banyak cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menyenangkan pelanggan. Hal ini misalnya, dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan hadiah saat “siswa” sebagai pengguna jasa berulang tahun atau memperoleh prestasi yang bagus. Layanan yang berempati, akan mudah diciptakan, kalau setiap guru dan staf mengerti kebutuhan spesifik pelanggannya dan menyimpan hal ini dalam hatinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 485, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Mutu Layanan Pendidikan Aspek Kehandalan (Reliability) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 510, "width": 404, "height": 192, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kehandalan raliability adalah kemampuan untuk memberikan layanan pendidikan dengan tepat waktu dan akurat sesuai dengan yang ditawarkan. Untuk meningkatkan reliability dibidang layanan pendidikan, pihak Sekolah perlu membangun budaya kerja yang bermutu. Reliabilitas berkaitan dengan kemampuan menyampaikan layanan yang dijanjikan. Pihak MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinsebagai penyedia jasa pendidikan, berupaya meningkatkan tingkat mutu kehandalan lembaganya dengan terus berupaya melakukan perbaikan baik di bidang kompetensi guru, perbaikan di bidang sarana maupun prasarana. Sesuai dengan penjelasan yang di sampaikan oleh kepala sekolah yang menegaskan bahwa: Dalam rangka membangun budaya kerja yang bermutu sehingga menghasilkan kehandalan dalam layanan, maka guru-guru yang mengajar di Mts MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinharus memiliki kualifikasi pendidikan yang memadai. Selain itu guru harus memiliki kompetensi yang sesuai dengan bidang ajar yang diampunya. Dengan demikian maka kualitas kehandalan dapat dipertahankan. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi diketahui bahwa untuk mewujudkan mutu layanan aspek kehandalan di Mts MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin, maka dilakukan penyesuaian dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 82, "width": 404, "height": 166, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "bidang kualifikasi pendidikan guru dan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh guru. Diharapkan dengan kompetensi guru yang mumpuni akan berimplikasi pada prestasi siswa baik akademik maupun non akademiknya. Kehandalan dapat diartikan memberikan layanan, setiap pegawai diharapkan memiliki kemampuan dalam pengetahuan, keahlian, kemandirian, penguasaan, dan profesionalisme kerja yang tinggi, sehingga aktifitas kerja yang dikerjakan menghasilkan bentuk layanan yang memuaskan, tanpa ada keluhan dan kesan yang berlebihan atas layanan yang diterima oleh masyarakat. Hasil berdasarkan faktor keandalan di atas diartikan MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin mempunyai menejemen waktu, jasa yang cukup baik dalam hal menejemen waktu yang baik seperti; buka tepat waktu, lokasi yang strategis dan biaya yang diberikan juga sesuai dengan dengan layanan yang diberikan. Akan tetapi beberapa hal yang masih membuat orang tua murid atau siswa mempunyai persepsi kurang puas dikarenakan beberapa layanan atau pegawai belum mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik dalam memberikan layanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 264, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 277, "width": 404, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan deskripsi yang telah dipaparkan di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Mutu layanan aspek bukti fisik (tangible) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin memiliki kondisi fisik cukup memadai, tersedianya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 329, "width": 404, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan aspek empati (emphaty) memiliki mutu layanan yang baik. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa kemampuan Kepala Sekolah, guru dan staf dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa dan orang tua, seperti memberikan perhatian pada siswa yang memiliki kemampuan belajar belum mencapai KKM dengan memberikan belajar tambahan setelah jam belajar selesai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 394, "width": 403, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan aspek kehandalan (reliability) memiliki mutu layanan sudah sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan seperti guru yang kompeten dan latar belakang pendidikan guru yang mendukung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 95, "width": 403, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Agustianti, Rifka, Lissiana Nussifera, L. Angelianawati, Igat Meliana, Effi Alfiani Sidik, Qomarotun Nurlaila, Nicholas Simarmata, Irfan Sophan Himawan, Elvis Pawan, and Faisal Ikhram. 2022. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif. TOHAR MEDIA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 160, "width": 403, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ari Supadi. 2022. “Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Kepala Madrasah Terhadap", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 173, "width": 369, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kompetensi Pedagogik Pendidik Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Gunung Mas Kecamatan Marga Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur.” Enggang : Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Satra, Seni, Dan Budaya 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 225, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gusmayanti, Faradhila, Andi Warisno, Endang Ekowati, and Etika Pujianti. 2022. “MENINGKATKAN POTENSI ORGANISASI KESISWAAN.” 01(01):1– 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 264, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mulyasa, H. Enco. 2022. Manajemen Dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah. Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 303, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Nurkolis. 2008. No Title.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 329, "width": 403, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Per mana, Dede Sofian, M. 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e50a6be4-41eb-062c-1ef3-8c26f114af68	https://journalstkippgrisitubondo.ac.id/index.php/EDUSAINTEK/article/download/13/33	[ { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 112, "width": 395, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DAN NILAI UJIAN NASIONAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X MANURUL FATA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 179, "width": 179, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Yesi Puspitasari, 2 Nur Hasanah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 195, "width": 109, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "STKIP PGRI Situbondo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 204, "width": 306, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 yesipuspitasari@stkippgri-situbondo, 2 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 242, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 276, "width": 442, "height": 238, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari beberapa variable yaitu: Aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika, nilai ujian nasional matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika dan pengaruh secara simultan dari aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata dengan jumlah siswa 48 siswa dan teknik pengambilan sampel sampling jenuh semua populasi dijadikan sampel karena < 100.Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian ex-post facto.Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi, angket, dokumentasi.Data dianalisis dengan korelasi kemudian diaalisis megguaka regresi berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, secara simultan yaitu sebesar 67,2% dan secara terpisah yaitu pada variable pengaaruh aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar sebesar 59,22% dan pengaruh nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar yaitu sebesar 8,53%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 295, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci :Aktivitas Belajar, Nilai Ujian Nasional, Hasil Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 580, "width": 67, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 442, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research aim to uny know the influenceof some variable that is : variable of learning activity toward matematics learning result, the value of the national exam mathematics learning outcomes and the simultaneous influence of learning activities and the value of the national exam on the results of learning mathematics students class X MA Nurul Fata academic year 2017/2018. The population this research were the grade students of MA Nuru Fata with total 48 students, and samping technique saturated all population sampled because < 100. This research was an ex-post facto. The data wese collected though observation, quetionaires and documentations. The data were analysis by correlation then analyzed by multiple regression. The result of the analysis indicate that there is an influence between learning activities and the value of national goals toward the learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "outcomes of students of class X MA Nurul Fata academic year 2017/2018 simultaneosly that is equal to 67,2% and separately tht is on variable influence of learning activity to result of learning 59,22% and the influence of national exam scores on learning outcomes is equal to 8,53% .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 351, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : learning activity, the value of the nationl exam, learning out comes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persoalan pendidikan di banyak negara merupakan masalah yang pelik, Namun pendidikan harus dilaksanakan untuk kemajuan dalam membagun dan memperbaiki pendidikan khususnya masyarakat yang ada dinegara Indonesia karena dunia tidak dapat dilakukan tanpa melalui pendidikan (Abdul, 2012:141). Mutu pendidikan yang rendah merupakan salah satu masalah yang ada di Negara Indonesia (Made, 2017:2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 283, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan suatu wadah yang tepat sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, sehingga pembangunan di bidang pendidikan mutlak harus diutamakan dan dioptimalkan. Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas akan mampu mengelola sumber daya alam yang dimilikinya dan memberi layanan secara efektif dan efisien untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dinegara Indonesia, Oleh karena itu, hampir semua bangsa berusaha meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan yang baik dan berpotensi, termasuk salah satunya Negara Indonesia (Sudiarta, 2013:1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pendidikan yang ada di Indonesia masih tertinggal jauh dengan negara lain, Sehingga perlu adanya upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. Dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia sudah banyak upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah seperti yang sering di bicarakan yaitu adanya ujian Nasional digunakan sebagai tolak ukur kemajuan pendidikan nasional menjadi kontroversi karena pelaksanaannya sering disinyalir tidak jujur. Perolehan standar nilai kelulusan ujian nasional menjadi acuan kelulusan siswa dan sering diasumsikan bahwa pencapaian nilai tertinggi pada ujian nasional refleksi dari siswa yang pintar, cerdas dan berprestasi disekolahnya. Nilai ujian nasional masih tetap digunakan sebagai prasyarat pertimbangan dalam pelulusan penerimaan siswa baru bagi yang melanjutkan pendidikan dari jenjang SMP, SMA dan SMK (Sudiarta, 2013:2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 442, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai ujian nasional yang dimaksud dalam penelitian nilai matematika yang diperoleh dari nilai saat ujian nasional SMP, siswa yang memiliki nilai ujian nasional tertinggi, dimungkinkan memiliki prestasi belajar yang baik saat siswa tersebut memasuki ke jenjang SMA. Namun, dalam pelaksanaan di sekolah, proses keaslian hasil nilai ujian nasional masih diragukan, karena dalam Pelaksanaan ujian nasional sering diisukan penuh dengan kecurangan, karena itu hasilujian dianggap tidak lagi sebagai gambaran kemampuan siswa, tetapi justru penghambat bagi siswa untuk mengakhiri jenjang pendidikannya, Selain dengan ujian nasional meningkatkan kulitas pendidikan ada yang tidak kalah pentingnya yaitu aktivitas belajar siswa, aktivitas belajar siswa merupakan suatu kegiatan atau tingkah laku yang dilakukan siswa dalam pembelajaran dikelas seperti melihat, berani mengemukakan pendapat, mendengar, menulis. Oleh karena itu, aktivitas belajar berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa (Gunawan, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aktivitas merupakan kegiatan atau keaktifan. Jadi segala sesuatu yang dilakukan atau kegiatan yang terjadi baik fisik maupun non-fisik. Aktivitas merupakan kegiatan mengaktifkan segala bentuk sikap, fikiran dan fisik untuk memperoleh manfaat dari kegiatan pembelajaran dan merupakan prinsip atau asas yang penting dalam interaksi pembelajaran karena pada dasarnya tujuan belajar untuk mengubah tingkah laku siswa agar menjadi lebih baik. Siswa tidak memiliki proses belajar tanpa adanya aktivitas diri siswa sendiri. Subyek paling utama dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu siswa harus aktif (Surur, 2017:4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 725, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun macam kegiatan aktivitas belajar yang dapat dilakukan siswa di kelas, tidak hanya mendengarkan atau mencatat. Menurut Thobroni (2016:22) sebagai berikut; 1) Visual activities , 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oral activities , 3) Listening activities , 4) Writing activities , 5) Drawing activities , 6) Motor activities ,7) Mental activities , 8) Emotional activities Adapun faktor yang berpengaruh pada pendidikan sebagai berikut; (Gunawan, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 163, "width": 424, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mencakup metode mengajar, kemampuan guru, disiplin sekolah, pelajaran dan waktu sekolah, standar pelajaran. Semua ini dapat mempengaruh aktivitas belajar siswa dan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Mengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 213, "width": 424, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode mengajar guru yang kurang baik dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran dikarenakan guru kurang mempersiapkan dan kurang menguasai bahan pelajaran sehingga, guru tersebut dalam menyajikan materi tidak jelas atau sikap guru terhadap peserta didik dan mata pelajar itu sendiri tidak berjalan dengan efektif, sehingga peserta didik kurang senang terhadap pelajaran atau gurunya. Akibatnya peserta didik malas untuk belajar dan berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kemampuan Guru dalam Mengajar siswa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 302, "width": 424, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pembelajaran akan berjalan baik apabila siswa aktif, keatifan peserta didik tergantung kepada kemampuan seorang guru dalam berinteraksi, menyampaikan materi pelajaran dan memakai metode yang baik, mudah difahami siswa, sehingga proses pembelajaran dikelas berjalan efektif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Disiplin Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 365, "width": 424, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedisiplinan sekolah berhubungan erat dengan keaktifan peserta didik dalam sekolah, juga dalam belajar yang mencakup kedisiplinan guru dalam mengajar dengan melaksanakan tata tertib, kedisiplinan karyawan atau keteraturan kelas, dan Kedisiplinan kepala sekolah dalam mengelola seluruh staf beserta speserta didiknya dan kedisiplinan tim BP dalam pelayanan keapda peserta didik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Alat Pelajaran dan Waktu Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 441, "width": 424, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat pelajaran yang lengkap memperlancar penerimaan bahan pelajaran yang diberikan guru kepada peserta didik. Sehingga belajarnya menjadi lebih giat dan lebih efisien. Waktu sekolah mempengaruhi belajar peserta didik apabila peserta didik terpaksa masuk di siang hari, sebenarnya kurang dipertangung jawabkan. Dimana peserta didik harus beristirahat tetapi terpaksa masuk sekolah, hingga mereka mendengarkan pelajaran sambil mengantuk sehingga pembelajaran kurang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 405, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhinya. aktivitas belajar sebagai berikut (Sagala, 2016:56);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor internal (faktor yang bersumber dari diri sendiri), yang meliputi faktor kesehatan, tingkat kecerdasan, minat, dan bakat .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 555, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor eksternal (faktor yang bersumber dari luar individu), yang meliputi faktor keluarga (faktor orang tua, suasana rumah/keluarga, keadaan ekonomi keluarga), faktor sekolah (cara penyajian materi pelajaran oleh guru, metode pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru,standar pelajaran, kelengkapan alat pelajaran yang digunakan oleh sekolah, lingkungan sekolah, disiplin sekolah),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 442, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pendapat diatas, disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas belajar merupakan kegiatan atau tingkah laku yang dilakukan siswa saat pelajaran berlangung seperti berani mengungkapkan pendapat, mendengarkan, menyelesaikan masalah sesuai dengan rasa keingintahuan siswa yang tinggi dan bukan belajar jika siswanya belum aktif dalam suatu pembelajaran. Menurut Susanto (2016:3) Nilai Ujian Nasional (UN) merupakan sistem evaluasi standar pendidikan dasar dan menengah di Indonesia. Selain itu sebagai sarana memetakan mutu berbagai tingkatan pendidikan satu daerah dengan daerah lain dan juga, Ujian Nasional (UN) merupakan penilaian hasil belajar pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk menilai pencapaian kompetensi lulusan secara nasional pada mata pelajaran tertentu dalam kelompok ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Menurut Intan (2015:5) Ujian Nasional (UN) merupakan upaya pemerintah mengevaluasi tingkat pendidikan secara nasional denganmenetapkan standarisasi nasional pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 112, "width": 376, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Standarisasi kelulusan nilai Ujian Nasional menurut BSNP pada tahun 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 139, "width": 246, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai Keterangan 85-100 Sangat Baik 70-85 Baik 70-55 Cukup 50-45 Kurang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber:Intan (2015:2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sudiarta (2013:4), dalam penelitiannya berjudul ”Ujian Nasional dan Pembudayaan Siswa Aktif Belajar” standarisasi kelulusan nilai ujian nasional 5,5 setiap mata pelajaran. Ujian Nasional dipakai sebagai tolak ukur kemajuan pendidikan nasional di Negara Indonesia. Ujian nasional merupakan sistem evaluasi atau penilaian standar pendidikan dasar dan menengah secara nasional dengan menetapkan standarisasi nasional pendidikan yang bertujuan sebagai pemetaan masalah pendidikan dalam rangka menyusun kebijakan pendidikan nasional (Susanto, 2016:3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 339, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Intan (2015:4) Ujian Nasional untuk jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah perlu dilaksanakan dengan berbagai pertimbangan. Pertama, sebagai tolak ukur kualitas pendidikan antar daerah; Kedua, sebagai upaya standarisasi mutu pendidikan secara nasional; dan ketiga, sebagai sarana memotivasi pesertadidik, orang tua, guru, dan pihak-pihak terkait untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik dalam menghadapi standar pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 402, "width": 265, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan pentingnya diadakan ujian nasional sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Mendorong guru meningkatkan kualitas mengajar, 2) Meningkatkan upaya bimbingan terhadap siswa yang berkesulitan belajar, 3) Mendorong guru menerapkan berbagai metode untuk memperbaiki pembelajaran, 4) Supaya siswa lebih rajin dan giat belajar, 5) Supaya orang tua lebih memperhatikan belajar anaknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Surur (2017:4) dari hasil belajar siswa, dapat diketahui ketuntasan belajar, Ketuntasan hasil belajar merupakan pencapaian taraf penguasaan minimal ditetapkan bagi setiap unit bahan ajar, baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok. Untuk mengetahui hasil belajar yang dicapai telah sesuai atau tidak dengan tujuan yang dikehendaki diketahui dengan evaluasi, Selain itu, dengan dilakukannya evaluasi atau penilaian ini dapat dijadikan feedback atau tindakan lanjut, atau bahkan cara untuk mengatur tingkat penguasaan siswa (Susanto , 2013:5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 442, "height": 224, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil belajar merupakan perbuatan yang terarah pada penyelesaian tugas belajar.Hasil belajar dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain; (Mappeasse, 2010:4) Peraturan perundang- undangan tentang ujian nasional yaitu Undang-Undang No. 20/2003 Pasal 57:1) Evaluasi dilakukan dalam rangka pengendalian mutu pendidikan secara nasional sebagai bentuk akuntabilitas penyelenggara pendidikan kepada pihak yang berkepentingan. 2) Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap pesertadidik, lembaga dan program pendidikan pada jalur formal dan non formal untuk semuajenjang, satuan dan jenis pendidikan. Pasal 58: 1) Evaluasihasil belajar peserta didik untuk memantau proses, kemajuan, dan perbaikan hasil belajar peserta didik secara berkesinambungan Evaluasi peserta didik, satuan pendidikan dan progran pendidikan dilakukan oleh lembaga mandiri secara berkala, menyeluruh, transparan, dan sistemik untuk menilai pencapaian standar nasional pendidikan . Ujian Nasional merupakan sistem evaluasi yang diadakan pemeritah sebagai Alat pengendali mutu pendidikan secara nasional, dan dapat memotivasi sekolah agar memperbaiki mutu pendidikan disekolahnya, dan selain itu nilai ujian nasional juga sebagaibahan pertimbangan untuk menentukan tamat belajar dan predikat prestasi peserta didik. Ujian nasional menjadi kriteria yang akurat dan berlaku nasional untuk menentukan predikat dan prestasi peserta didik. Sedangkan , Hasil belajar yaitu perubahan yang terjadi pada diri siswa, baik menyangkut aspek kognitif, efektif, dan psikomotorik sebagai hasil dari kegiatan belajar. Secara sederhana yang dimaksud hasil belajar adalah kemampuan yang diperoleh anak setelah melalui kegiatan belajar, karena belajar itu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 445, "height": 185, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sendiri merupakan suatu proses dari seseorang yang berusaha untuk memperoleh suatu bentuk perubahan perilaku yang relatif menetap. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran atau kegiatan instruksional biasanya guru menentukan tujuan belajar, anak yang berhasil dalam belajar adalah anak yang berhasil mencapai tujuan-tujuan pembelajaran atau tujuan intruksional Maka, keberhasilan suatu anak dilihat dari tujuan yang dibuat guru sebelum mengajar sebagai tolak ukur tingkat pencapaian anak, sebab setiap anak tingkat pencapaiannya berbeda dan perbedaaan tersebut terlihat saat kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung maupun secara kesimpulan penilaian yang dicapai siswa misal pada nilai ulangan harian. (Sudjana, 2011). Menurut Susanto (2013:5), untuk mengetahui hasil belajar yang dicapai telah sesuai atau tidak dengan tujuan yang dikehendaki dapat diketahui dengan evaluasi, evaluasi merupakan proses penggunaan informasi untuk membuat pertimbangan sebagai efektif suatu program telah memenuhi kebutuhan siswa. Selain itu, dengan dilakukannya evaluasi atau penilaian ini dapat dijadikan feedback atau tindakan lanjut, atau bahkan cara untuk mengatur tingkat penguasaan siswa. Hasil belajar yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini siswa dikatakan tuntas dalam pembelajaran jika siswa tersebut sudah memenuhi nilai yang ditentukan oleh guru atau berupa KKM, KKM yang digunakan peneliti yaitu 75.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun ciri hasil belajar menurut Mappeasse, 2010:4 sebagai berikut; 1) Kepuasan dan kebanggaan yang dapat menimbulkan motivasi belajar intensif pada diri siswa, 2) Menambah keyakinan untuk kemampuan dirinya, 3) Hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa secara keseluruhan mencakup ranah kognitif, ranah afektif, dan ranah psikomotorik, 3) Kemampuan siswa untuk mengontrol, untuk menilai dan mengendalikan dirinya terutama dalam menilai hasil yang dicapainya maupun menilai dan mengendalikan proses dan usaha belajarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 388, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 443, "height": 128, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ditetapkan di MA Nurul Fata siswa kelas X. karena Belum diadakan penelitian sejenis sehingga memungkinkan adanya kerja sama yang baik. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan penelitian ex post facto . Peneliti ingin mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh antara variabel bebas dan variabel bebas terhadap variabel Y dengan menggunakan analisis data uji validitas, Uji reliabilitas, uji korelasi sederhana,pengujian hipotesis dan pengelolaan data (Sugiyono ,2015) Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling area (Sudaryono, 2017:86). Penentuan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh (semua populasi digunakan sebagai sampel karena populasi yang digunakan <100 ). Data didapatkan berupa penyebaran angket untuk variabel aktivitas belajar dan pencatatan dokumen untuk nilai Ujian Nasional, sedangkan hasil belajar diambil daridokumen sekolah yaitu nilai rapot siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 442, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum data dianalisis, data yang telah terkumpul saat penelitian harus diolah terlebih dahulu kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel untuk kepentingan analisa. Teknik pengelolaan data melalui editing, kording, tabulasi, sedangakan angket yang digunakan berupa angket tertutup (Arikunto 2013:278). Data merupakan unsur mutlak dalam penelitian, yang mana data tersebut masih harus di analisis menggunakan teknik tertentu sesuai dengan sifat data. Meskipun langkah penelitian dilakukan dengan baik, tetapi jika analisis datanya salah atau tidak relevan maka kesimpulan yang didapat tidak bisa di pertanggung jawabkan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian berupa angka dan data kuantitatif maka peneliti menggunakan metode statistik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 658, "width": 445, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari Hasil penghitungan variabel aktivitas belajar dengan data diperoleh dari nilai angket yang diberikan kepada peserta didik sebagai responden penelitian berjumlah 20 pertanyaan dengan responden 48 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 696, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Nilai Angket Aktivitas Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 709, "width": 285, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Nilai Angket Aktivitas Belajar Kelas Interval Frekuesi (f) Nilai Tengah (Xi) Fi.Xi 33-36 2 34,5 69", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 121, "width": 284, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37-40 7 38,5 269,5 41-44 12 42,5 510 45-48 6 46,5 279 49-52 4 50,5 202 53-56 8 54,5 436 57-60 9 58,5 526,5 Jumlah 48 325,5 2292", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai yang diperoleh siswa antara 41-44 sebanyak 12 siswa. Nilai paling sedikit diperoleh siswa antara 33-36 sebanyak 2 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 487, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Nilai Ujian Nasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 511, "width": 146, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Distribusi Nilai Ujian Nasional", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 160, "top": 533, "width": 281, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelas Interval Frekuensi (fi) Nilai Tengah ( Xi) Fi.Xi 20-30 4 25 100 31-41 2 36 72 42-52 10 47 470 53-63 5 58 290 64-74 6 69 414 75-85 13 80 1040 86-96 8 91 728 Jumlah 48 406 3114", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai ujian nasional SMP nilai terbanyak siswa nilai antara 42-52 sebanyak 10 siswa. Sedangkan nilai paling sedikit diperoleh siswa antara 31-41sebanyak 2 siswa dan Nilai terbanyak ketiga yaitu nilai 86-96 sebanyak 8 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 425, "width": 239, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Histogram Nilai Angket Aktivitas Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 310, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Histogram Nilai Ujian Nasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 284, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai mean = 65, median = 66,5 dan nilai modus = 76,83 , nilai rata-rata 65 dan nilai tengah hasil pengamatan yaitu terletak di interval 66,5 dan nilai modus (angka yang sering muncul) terletak di interval 76,83.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Hasil Belajar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 240, "top": 348, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Distribusi Hasil Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 539, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dilihat dari nilai frekuensi di atas dapat diperoleh dari nilai rapot pada semester 1 mata pelajaran matematikadiketahui bahwa nilai terbanyak yang diperoleh siswa yaitu nilaiantara 75-76 sebanyak 26 siswa. Sedangkan nilai paling sedikit yang diperoleh siswa yaitu ada di nilaiantara 89-90 sebanyak 1 siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 758, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Histogram Nilai Raport Semester 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 144, "top": 371, "width": 317, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelas Interval Frekuensi (f) Xi Xi.Fi 75-76 26 75,5 1963 77-78 7 77,5 542,5 79-80 8 79,5 636 81-82 0 81,5 0 83-84 0 83,5 0 85-86 4 85,5 342 87-88 2 87,5 175 89-90 1 89,5 89,5 Jumlah 48 660 3748", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 124, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai mean, median, modus dengan analisis statistik didapat nilai mean = 78, median = 76,34 dan nilai modus = 75,65 dan nilai rata-rata sebesar 78, nilai tengah hasil pengamatan yaitu terletak di interval 66,5 dan nilai modus (angka yang sering muncul) terletak di interval 75,65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 443, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji realibitas digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat table nilai Koefesienal phacronbach d di atas sebesar 0,752 suatuvariabeldapat dikatakan reliabel apabila memiliki koefisien Cronbach„sAlpha lebih besar atau sama dengan 0,60 tetapi jika nilai Alpha<60% berarti ada beberapa responden yang menjawab tidak konsisten. maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa 0,752> 0,06 data reliabilitas. Dari penghitungaan korelasi didapat nilai sebesar 0,819 maka mempunyai hubungan kuat atau tinggi antara variabel (aktivitas belajar) dengan y (hasil belajar) dan untuk variabel Dari penghitungaan diatas didapat nilai korelasi sebesar 0,6734 maka mempunyai hubungan sedang atau cukup antara variabel ( nilai ujian nasional ) dengan y (hasil belajar) dan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,7560 maka mempunyai hubungan kuat atau tinggi antara variabel (aktivitas belajar) dengan (nilai ujian nasional) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koefisien Korelasi parsial merupakan angka yang menunjukkan arah dan kuatnya hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih setelah satu variabel yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi hubungan variabel tersebut tetap/dikendalikan menurut sudaryono, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 333, "width": 352, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Koefisien korelasi antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Hasil Belajar (y), adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 479, "top": 333, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0,6403 dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 348, "width": 421, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "didapat nilai dan daerah kritis db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 2,0141. Sehingga,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 362, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "> atau nilai terletak di daerah penolakan maka terdapat hubungan signifikan antara aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 388, "width": 351, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Koefisien korelasi antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Hasil Belajar (y), adalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 388, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0,1445 dan didapat nilai an daerah kritis db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 2,0141. Maka, tau nilai erletak didaerah penerimaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 417, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehingga, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 443, "width": 371, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Koefisien Korelasi Antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Ujian Nasional ( , adalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 497, "top": 443, "width": 30, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0,4820", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 458, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sehingga dapat dihitung dan didapat nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 458, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dan daerah kritis db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 472, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2,0141 Maka, > atau nilai terletak didaerah penolakan sehingga, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koefisien korelasi ganda untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel secara bersama-sama maka menghasilkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 511, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 0,8231 maka selanjutnya dilakukan Koefisien korelasi antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Ujian Nasional (", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 528, "width": 212, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ", dan Hasil Belajar (y) adalah = 0,8231", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 442, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sehingga, Nilai dan daerah kritis pada db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 3,20. Maka,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 560, "width": 409, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "> atau nilai hitung F terletak didaerah penolakan sehingga, terdapat hubungan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 378, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang signifikan antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 445, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regresi berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua variabel bebas atau lebih terhadap satu variabel terikat. Dalam penelitia ini terdapat dua variabel bebas yaitu aktivitas belajar, nilai ujian nasional dan satu variabel terikat yaitu hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan langkah- langkah yang telah dilakukaan ditas diperoleh nilai konstanta sebesar 59,1925, nilai variabel aktivitas belajar 0,3626 dan variabel nilai ujian nasional sebesar 0,0231 dengan persamaan regresi y=59,1925 +0,3626 + 0,0231 . Dengan nilai F Menentukan nilai kritis atau nilai tabel F dengan derajat kebebasan untuk d =k=2 dan d = n-k-1= 45 diperoleh tabel F= 3,20 maka > dengan demikian sehingga ada pengaruh Aktivitas Belajar dan Nilai Ujian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 442, "height": 50, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nasional Terhadap Hasil Belajar. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus analisis korelasi sederhana menghasilkan r y sebesar 0,819, yang apabila dikonsultasikan dengan tabel empiric maka variabel aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar ada hubungan yang kuat atau tinggi dan pada variabel nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar pada r y seberas 0,6734.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 443, "height": 197, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diketahui hubungan antara masing-masing variabel langka selanjutnya yaitu mencari koefisien korelasi parsial untuk mengetahui kuatnya suatu hubungan setiap variabel dengan penghitungan t tabel sebesar 2,0141 dengan db=n-k-m=45, pada variabel aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar sebesar 5,5921 maka terletak dipenolakan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan pada variabel nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar didapat nilai sebesar 0,9796 maka terletak didaerah penerimaan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan sedangkan untuk variable aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional sebesar 3,6911 maka terletak dipenolakan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan, sehingga dari perhitungan tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa hubungan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar rendah bahkan secara parsial tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan berbeda dengan variabel aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar yang hubungannya tinggi. Hasil perhitungan dengan korelasi berganda dengan nilai sebesar 57,4422 dengan nilai dan daerah kritis pada db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 3,20. Maka, > atau nilai hitung F terletak didaerah penolakan sehingga, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 443, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus analisis regresi bergandayang berfugsi untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variable yaitu dengan nilai sebesar 47,2835 dengan derajat kebebasan untuk d =k=2 dan d = n-k-1= 45 dengan jumlah responden 48 siswa dan taraf signifikan 5% diperoleh tabel F=3,20 maka > dengan demikian sehingga ada pengaruh aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar dan diketahui persentase nilai pengaruhnya sebesar 67,75% didapat dari nilai hitung efektifitas garis regresi. Hasil analisis pada variabel aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar yaitu dilihat dari sumbangan efektifitas yaitu sebesar 0,5922 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar yaitu 59,22% dan pada variabel nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar yaitu 0,0853 dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar 8,53%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 442, "height": 123, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan semua data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian tentang pengaruh aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan dari hasil pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan pengujian data bahwa aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata dengan perhitungan awal menggunakan korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan tiap variable setelah diketahui hubungannya dilakukan analisis dengan regresi berganda dengan hasil penghitungan diketahui bahwa besar pengaruh aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional secara simultan sebesar 67,2%, sedangkan untuk pengaruh aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar sebesar 59,22% dan pengaruh nilai ujian nasional sebesar 8,53% maka dapat disimpulkan hanya 32,35% faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar yang belum diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 613, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 419, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdul, H. 2012. “ Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran dan Gaya Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa SMPN 2 Secanggang Kabupaten Langkat”. 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Vol.1 No.1 pp. 118-127.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 137, "width": 443, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Intan, R. 2015. \"Ujian nasional dan pembudayaan siswa aktif belajar (Refleksi pasca putusan permendikbud no. 5 tahun 2015 tentang kriteria kelulusan peserta didik UN)\" . jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Dasar. Vol.2 No.2 pp. 1-6.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 173, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juniati. 2009.“Peningkatan Aktivitas, Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik dengan Metode Sets di Kelas IXE SMP Negeri 3 Purworejo, Jawa Tengah Pada Konsep Energi dan Listrik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 201, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Berkala Fisik Indonesia. 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1e90c27a-aa29-6e53-987d-203cfc654d01	https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/8639/5902	[ { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 254, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 Page 6647-6657 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 101, "width": 282, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 147, "width": 448, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Pai Siswa Kelas Iii Sd Nanda Al-Manaf Deli Serdang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 212, "width": 218, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahir Husein Dongoran 1 ✉ , Fuji Rahmadi, P 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 237, "width": 191, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahasiswa Pasca Panca Budi Medan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 256, "width": 216, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 302, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 321, "width": 479, "height": 338, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field Research). Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di SD Nanda Al-Manaf. Untuk mendapatkan sumber data yang akurat peneliti langsung terjun ke lokasi penelitian untuk melakukan pengamatan observasi, kemudian melakukan wawancara kepada beberapa pihak untuk menemukan informasi yang akurat serta melakukan dokumentasi terkait pengamatan dan kegiatan yang terjadi di lapangan. Menganalisis data reduksi data melalui display data (penyajian data) setelah data direduksi maka langkah selanjutnya mendisplay data Penarikan Kesimpulan Meskipun pada reduksi data kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian Metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Faktor pendukung pembelajaran demonstrasi di sekolah antara lain tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang cukup, kerja sama yang baik antara pihak sekolah dan orang tua siswa, minat belajar siswa yang tinggi, lingkungan belajar yang nyaman, konsistensi dalam belajar, dan keterlibatan dalam proses belajar . Beberapa faktor penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI antara lain: kurangnya motivasi siswa, kesiapan guru yang kurang, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, serta dukungan kepala sekolah yang tidak memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 663, "width": 218, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Metode Demonstrasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 278, "top": 39, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 58, "width": 479, "height": 319, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes through demonstration methods in PAI subjects of Grade III Students of SD Nanda Al-Manaf, Deli Serdang Regency. Supporting and inhibiting factors for improving student learning outcomes through demonstration methods in PAI subjects for grade III students of SD Nanda Al-Manaf, Deli Serdang Regency This research is a field research. The location of this research is at SD Nanda Al-Manaf. To obtain an accurate data source, researchers immediately jump into the research location to make observational observations, then conduct interviews with several parties to find accurate information and conduct documentation related to observations and activities that occur in the field. Analyzing data reduction data through data display (data presentation) after the data is reduced, the next step is to display the data Conclusion Drawing Although in the reduction of conclusion data. Research results The demonstration method can improve student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects. Factors supporting demonstration learning in schools include the availability of sufficient facilities and infrastructure, good cooperation between the school and parents, high student interest in learning, a comfortable learning environment, consistency in learning, and involvement in the learning process. Some inhibiting factors in improving student learning outcomes through demonstration methods in PAI subjects include: lack of student motivation, lack of teacher readiness, limited facilities and infrastructure, and inadequate principal support.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 381, "width": 262, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Demonstration Method", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 417, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 438, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan usaha agar manusia dapat mengembangkan potensi dirinya melalui proses pembelajaran. Sesuai dengan Undang-undang Guru dan Dosen No.20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Pasal 3 yang menyatakan bahwa: Pendidikan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga Negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 583, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran aktif siswa sangat dibutuhkan dalam semua mata pelajaran termasuk dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, praktek pembelajaran Agama Islam yang terjadi di sekolah-sekolah saat ini lebih menekankan pada metode mengajar secara informatif yaitu guru menjelaskan atau ceramah dan siswa mendengarkan atau mencatat. Metode ceramah merupakan metode yang boleh dikatakan metode tradisional, karena sejak dulu metode ini telah dipergunakan sebagai alat komunikasi lisan antara guru dan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar (Djamarah 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 729, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran dengan metode ceramah merupakan yang paling disenangi oleh guru karena metode ini paling mudah dilaksanakan. Komunikasi yang terjadi dalam proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ini umumnya satu arah yaitu dari guru kepada siswa sehingga pembelajaran terpusat pada apa yang disampaikan oleh guru (teacher centered). Pendidikan Agama Islam merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran wajib yang harus diikuti oleh peserta didik di sekolah. Hal ini sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasioanal No 20 Tahun 2003 Pasal 13 Butir a yang menyatakan bahwa “setiap peserta didik berhak mendapatkan pendidikan agama sesuai dengan agama yang dianutnya dan diajarkan oleh pendidik yang seagama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 184, "width": 470, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Guru agama sebagai praktisi pendidikan agama Islam perlu melakukan inovasi dan kreativitas sehingga tujuan pendidikan agama Islam dapat tercapai. Salah satu alternatif yang penulis lakukan di sekolah khususnya di kelas yang diteliti adalah penerapan metode demosntrasi. Metode ini merupakan metode dalam proses belajar mengajar yang dapat memberikan pengalaman langsung kepada peserta didik sehingga hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik dapat tersimpan dalam waktu yang lama. Kenyataan ini sesuai dengan kata-kata mutiara yang diberikan oleh seorang filosofis kenamaan dari cina, Konfusius yang menyatakan bahwa : Apa yang saya dengar saya lupa Apa yang saya lihat saya ingat dan Apa yang saya lakukan saya paham", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 371, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan tersebut dikuatkan dengan hasil penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa belajar yang berhasil lahir dari melakukan atau mengerjakan sendiri.(Mujiono 2008) Dalam proses belajar mengajar khususnya pada materi shalat, metode demonstrasi sangat tepat digunakan, karena seorang guru tidak hanya mengandalkan informasi ilmu, tanpa hasil yang sesuai dengan kurikulum yang sudah ada. Guru yang profesional akan menuntut suatu hubungan integral antara keselarasan materi dan praktek yang sudah dijelaskan oleh guru terhadap peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 517, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Daradjat metode demonstrasi itu sendiri adalah metode yang menggunakan peragaan untuk memperjelas suatu pengertian atau untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana melakukan sesuatu kepada anak didik. Jadi metode demonstrasi, guru dan peserta didik memperlihatkan kepada seluruh anggota kelas tentang suatu proses, misalnya bagaimana cara shalat yang sesuai dengan ajaran Rasulullah SAW.(Daradjat, Zakiah 1996)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 620, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan metode demonstrasi diharapkan dapat memberikan pengaruh positif bagi peserta didik dan mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik. Prestasi belajar peserta didik menyebar, yang berarti ada prestasi belajar peserta didik itu tinggi dan ada pula yang rendah. Pada peningkatan prestasi belajar peserta didik bukan hanya peran guru yang dibutuhkan tetapi peserta didik sendirilah yang dituntut peran aktif dalam proses belajar mengajar. Salah satu hal yang penting dimiliki oleh peserta didik dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajarnya adalah penguasaan bahan pelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 119, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan awal di sekolah Al-Manaf khusus mata pelajaran agama menarik untuk diteliti sebab melihat semangat dan hasil belajar siswa yang cukup baik terlihat dari keaktifan siswa dan kemampuan guru ketika mengajar. Inilah yang membuat saya sebagai peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Materi Shalat Wajib Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Pada Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda AL- Manaf", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 184, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field Research) yaitu suatu penelitian yang dilakukan dalam kehidupan atau objek yang sebenarnya. Penelitian ini jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi objek yang alamiah, di mana peneliti adalah sebagai instrument kunci, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi (penggabungan), analisis data bersifat induktif dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna daripada generalisasi.(Sugiyono 2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 350, "width": 469, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di SD Nanda Al-Manaf. Untuk mendapatkan sumber data yang akurat peneliti langsung terjun ke lokasi penelitian untuk melakukan pengamatan observasi, kemudian melakukan wawancara kepada beberapa pihak untuk menemukan informasi yang akurat serta melakukan dokumentasi terkait pengamatan dan kegiatan yang terjadi di lapangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk dapat memperoleh data dan informasi dalam penelitian ini maka peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 496, "width": 466, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Observasi yaitu pengamatan dan pencatatan secarasistematis terhadap gejala yang tampak pada objek penelitian. Senada dengan itu, Asyari dalam Samsu menyatakan pula bahwa observasi adalah suatu pengamatan yang khusus dan pencatatan yang sistematis yang ditujukan pada satu atau beberapa fase masalah dalam rangka penelitian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 600, "width": 466, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Wawancara yaitu kegiatan tanya jawab yang dilakukan oleh pewawancara dengan orang yang akan diwawancara untuk memperoleh informasi dan data yang diinginkan demi kebutuhan penelitian. Wawancara digunakan sebagai teknik untuk mengumpulkan data dengan mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan kepada informan baik yang terstruktur maupun tidak berstruktur.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 703, "width": 466, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Dokumentasi yaitu mencari data mengenai hal-hal atau variable-variabel yang berupa caatatan, transkip, buku, surat kabar, majalah, prasasti, notulen rapat, lengger, agenda dan sebagainya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Miles dan Hubermen (dalam Nursapiah) menyatakan ada beberapa langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk menganalisis data kualitatif, yakni:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 81, "width": 466, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Reduksi Data. Setelah data primer dan data skunder terkumpul dilakukan dengan memilah data, membuat tema-tema, mengkategorikan, memfokuskan data sesuai bidangnya, membuang menyusun data dalam suatu analisis, setelah itu baru pemeriksaan data kembali dan mengelompokkannya sesuai dengan masalah yang diteliti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 184, "width": 469, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Display Data (Penyajian Data) Setelah data direduksi maka langkah selanjutnya mendisplay data. Dalam penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif, penyajian data dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk uraian singkat, bagan, hubungan antar kategori dan sejenisnya. Bentuk analisis ini dilakukan dengan menyajikan data dalam bentuk narasi, dimana peneliti menggambarkan hasil temuan data dalam bentuk uraian kalimat bagan, hubungan antar kategori yang sudah berurutan dan sistematis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 309, "width": 466, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Penarikan Kesimpulan Meskipun pada reduksi data kesimpulan sudah digambarkan, itu sifatnya belum permanen, masih ada kemungkinan terjadi tambahan dan pengurangan. Maka pada tahap ini kesimpulan sudah ditemukan sesuai dengan bukti-bukti data yang diperoleh di lapangan secara akurat dan factual..(Miles dan Hubermen 2020)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 239, "top": 413, "width": 141, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 434, "width": 469, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 475, "width": 470, "height": 160, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyajian pelajaran dengan meragakan atau mempertujukan kepada siswa suatu proses, situasi, atau benda tertentu yang sedang dipelajari, baik sebenarnya ataupun tiruan, yang sering disertai dengan penjelasan lisan. Metode demonstrasi merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memberikan gambaran kepada peserta didik tentang proses suatu kejadian atau perkara. Karena itu tidak semua materi ajar bisa disampaikan dengan menggunakan metode ini. Contohnya mata pelajaran yang sifatnya abstrak tentu sangat sulit menngunakan metode demonstrasi. Misalnya ilmu filsafat, balaghoh dan lain sebaginya. Dalam hasil wawancara dengan guru agama Islam sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 641, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan melakukan demonstrasi terhadap siswa maka siswa akan lebih mudah menempatkan teori yang disampaikan oleh guru dan di sini akan dilakukan latihan untuk mempraktekkan apa yang baru saja didemonstrasikan oleh guru sehingga siswa dapat lebih memahami dan mengerti dan dapat berkesan pada setiap siswa (Nani Armaini, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 724, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas dapat dipahami bahwa Demonstrasi yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam memberikan pemahaman materi khususnya Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dapat lebih mudah dimengerti dan ditangkap oleh siswa yang mana siswa tersebut dapat melakukannya dengan beberapa kali selain hal tersebut peneliti juga melakukan wawancara dengan salah satu kepala sekolah yaitu bapak hasil Amin dengan hasil wawancara sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 122, "width": 469, "height": 119, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode dalam melakukan pengajaran sesungguhnya ada beberapa bagian bentuk lainnya namun metode demonstrasi sebagai salah satu pembelajarannya efektif bagi materi pendidikan agama Islam khususnya pada sekolah Almanaf ini Karena dengan demikian anak akan lebih mudah melakukannya secara praktis dan dapat menyerap di mana siswa atau anak-anak lebih cenderung untuk meniru sebuah perbuatan apa yang disampaikan oleh gurunya (Nazrial Amin)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 247, "width": 469, "height": 202, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari penjelasan tersebut di atas dapat dipahami bahwa dengan penjelasan yang dilakukan oleh guru anak-anak dari cenderung untuk meniru daripada apa yang dipraktikkan gurunya di sekolah. Menurut Nana Sudjana hasil belajar adalah suatu akibat dari proses belajar dengan menggunakan alat pengukuran yaitu berupa tes yang disusun secara sistematis, baik tes tertulis, tes lisan, maupun tes perbuatan(Nana 2007) . Sedangkan Nasution berpendapat bahwa hasil belajar adalah suatu perubahan pada individu yang belajar, tidak hanya mengenai pengetahuan tetapi juga membentuk kecakapan dan penghayatan dalam diri pribadi individu yang belajar. Jadi hasil belajar adalah adalah hasil yang diperoleh peserta didik setelah mengikuti suatu materi tertentu dari mata pelajaran yang berupa data kualitatif maupun kuantitatif.(Nasution 2005)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 469, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk melihat hasil belajar dilakukan suatu penilaian terhadap peserta didik yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah peserta didik telah menguasai suatu materi atau belum.(Nana 2007) pada umumnya dikelompokkan ke dalam tiga kategori yaitu aspek kognitif, aspek afektif dan psikomotor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 537, "width": 96, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Aspek Kognitif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 558, "width": 469, "height": 202, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bloom (1956) dalam Suryabrata aspek kognitif terdiri atas enam kategori yaitu (a) ingatan, artinya mengacu kepada kemampuan mengenal atau mengingat materi yang sudah dipelajari, (b) pemahaman, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan memahami makna materi, (c) penerapan, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan menerapkan materi yang sudah dipelajari untuk diterapkan pada kehidupan sehari-hari, (d) analisis, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan mengurai materi kedalam komponen- komponen penyebabnya, dan mampu memahami hubungan di antara bagian yang satu dengan lainnya, (e) sintetis, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan memadukan konsep atau komponen sehingga membentuk suatu pola struktur, (f) evaluasi, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan memberikan pertimbangan terhadap nilai-nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 83, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "materi tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 60, "width": 86, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Aspek afektif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 81, "width": 448, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Krathwohn (1964) aspek afektif terbagi menjadi kategori sebagai berikut: (a) penerimaan, penilaian mengacu pada kesukarelaan kemampuan memperhatikan dan memberikan respon terhadap simulasi yang tepat, (b) pemberian respon, artinya penilaian satu tingkat diatas penerimaan, (c) penilaian, artinya penilaian mengacu pada nilai.(Miftahurrohmah 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 184, "width": 121, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Aspek Psikomotorik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 205, "width": 449, "height": 181, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dave (1970) dalam Suryabrata mengemukakan bahwa aspek psikomotor terbagi menjadi lima kategori sebagai berikut: (a) peniruan, terjadi pada saat peserta didik mengamati suatu gerakan, mulai memberi respon serupa dengan yang diamati, (b) manipulasi, artinya menekankan perkembangan kemampuan mengikuti pengarahan, penampilan, gerakan- gerakan melalui latihan. (c) ketetapan, artinya memerlukan kecermatan, proporsi dan kepastian yang lebih tinggi dalam penampilan, (d) artikulasi, artinya menekankan koordinasi suatu rangkaian gerakan dengan membuat urutan yang tepat dan mecapai yang diharapkan atau konsistensi internal di antara gerakan yang berbeda.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 392, "width": 449, "height": 119, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode mangajar merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dan sering dijadikan bahan pembicaraan dalam dunia pendidikan. Dalam kamus Bahasa Indonesia, metode adalah cara yang telah diatur dan difikir baik-baik untuk mencapai suatu maksud. Metode mangajar merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dan sering dijadikan bahan pembicaraan dalam dunia pendidikan. Dalam kamus Bahasa Indonesia, metode adalah cara yang telah diatur dan difikir baik-baik untuk mencapai suatu maksud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 517, "width": 449, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode adalah cara yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan rencana yang sudah disusun dalam kegiatan nyata agar tujuan yang telah disusun tercapai secara optimal. Dengan demikian, metode dalam rangkaian system pembelajaran memegang peran yang sangat penting.(Meldawati 2021)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 600, "width": 449, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sanjaya, mengemukakan bahwa demonstrasi adalah cara penyajian pelajaran dengan memperagakan dan mempertunjukkan pada peserta didik tentang suatu proses, situasia atau benda tertentu yang sedang dipelajari baik dalam bentuk sebenarnya maupun dalam bentuk tiruan yang dipertunjukkan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 683, "width": 448, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "guru atau sumber belajar lain yang ahli dalam topik bahasan yang harus didemonstrasikan.(Wina 2005).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 101, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor yang pertama yaitu faktor pendukung dalam melakukan pembelajaran melalui demontrasi adalah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 143, "width": 185, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Dapat memfokuskan pengajaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 164, "width": 313, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wawancara dengan guru faktor pendukung antara lain yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 184, "width": 455, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran anak lebih fokus pada apa yang disampaikan oleh guru di mana anak tersebut memperoleh praktek yang langsung dari guru atau dengan anak-anak yang disuruh untuk mempraktekkan di depan kelas sehingga anak- anak dapat terpusat pada pembelajaran melalui demonstrasi hal ini disampaikan oleh guru yang bernama (Nani Al mumini S.Pd)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 288, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Dapat merangsang siswa untuk lebih aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dalam melakukan wawancara peneliti melakukan wawancara kepada salah satu guru Pendidikan agama Islam yaitu Ahmad Rizky Nasution dimana faktor pendukung dari pelaksanaan metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam diantaranya bahwa dengan melakukan demonstrasi Siswa lebih aktif untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dan sehingga mereka akan lebih mudah untuk mengingatnya (Ahmad Rizki nasution, S.Pd, 2023)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 454, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Proses pengajaran lebih menarik antara teori dengan kenyataan dan mencoba melakukannya sendiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 496, "width": 452, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam memperoleh data terkait hasil wawancara dengan kepala sekolah, sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 517, "width": 455, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan dengan cara mempraktekkan di dalam ruangan maka anak akan menjadi antusias untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dan lebih menarik karena mereka terfokus pada pembelajaran yang diberikan secara praktek sehingga akan memusatkan perhatian dan akan lebih tertarik untuk mengikuti proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai (Nazrial amin, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 620, "width": 455, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada berbagai factor yang mempengruhi proses dan hasil belajar siswa di sekolah yang secara garis besarnya dapat dibagi dalam dua bagian yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal siswa(Rusman 2012)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 683, "width": 81, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor Eksternal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 703, "width": 86, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 724, "width": 420, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lingkungan sekolah sangat diperlukan untuk menentukan keberhasilan belajar siswa. Hal yang paling mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 125, "top": 39, "width": 420, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "para siswa di sekolah mencakup metode mengajar, kurikulum, relasi guru dengan siswa, relasi siswa dengan siswa, pelajaran waktu sekolah, tata tertib atau disiplin yang ditegakkan secara konsekuen dan konsisten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 101, "width": 159, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor Lingkungan Keluarga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 122, "width": 426, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lingkungan rumah atau keluarga ini merupakan lingkungan pertama dan utama pula dalam menentukan keberhasilan belajar seseorang. Suasana lingkungan rumah yang cukup tenang, adanya perhatian orang tua terhadap perkembangan proses belajar dan pendidikan anak-anakny maka akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 226, "width": 160, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor Lingkungan Masyarakat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 247, "width": 420, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seseorang siswa hendaknya dapat memilih lingkungan masyarakat yang dapat menunjang keberhasilan belajar. Masyarakat merupakan faktor eksternal yang juga berpengaruh terhadap belajar siswa karena keberadaannya dalam masyarakat.(Miftahurrohmah 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 330, "width": 94, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor Internal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 350, "width": 161, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor biologis ( Jasmaniah )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 371, "width": 434, "height": 140, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keadaan jasmani yang perlu diperhatikan, pertama kondisi fisik yang normal atau tidak memiliki cacat sejak dalam kandungan sampai sesudah lahir. Kondisi fisik normal ini terutama harus meliputi keadaan otak, panca indera, anggota tubuh. Kedua, kondisi kesehatan fisik. Kondisi fisik yang sehat dan segar sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar. Di dalam menjaga kesehatan fisik, ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain makan dan minum yang teratur, olahraga serta cukup tidur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 517, "width": 104, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor Psikologis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 537, "width": 434, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar ini meliputi segala hal yang berkaitan dengan kondisi mental seseorang. Kondisi mental yang dapat menunjang keberhasilan belajar adalah kondisi. Dengan memperhatikan faktor- faktor tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar seseorang dan dapat mencegah siswa dari penyebab-penyebab terhambatnya pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 662, "width": 470, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun faktor penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 703, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam memperoleh hasil tentang faktor penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang dilakukan pada bagian ini di mana peneliti melakukan hasil wawancara sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 745, "width": 441, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran yang memerlukan alat-alat peraga dimana masih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terdapat minimnya alat-alat yang digunakan guru untuk melakukan demonstrasi seperti kelengkapan fokus yang memadai dan peraga lainnya (Nazrial amin, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 81, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari ungkapan di atas dapat dipahami bahwa peralatan yang tersedia pada sekolah ini belum maksimal sehingga perlu adanya pengadaan yang lebih lengkap sehingga memudahkan guru untuk melakukan pembelajaran pertama dalam demonstrasi sedangkan tersebut penentu juga melakukan wawancara dengan salah satu guru yaitu ibu Nani Al maini S.Pd dengan Rasulullah wawancara sebagai berikut bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 184, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat yang digunakan dalam melakukan peragaan itu sangat penting dan kadang kala guru sedang mengalami kendala seperti ketersediaan media maupun alat peraga lainnya (Nani Al maini S.Pd, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 247, "width": 469, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain ungkapan di atas bahwa potensi juga melakukan wawancara dengan salah satu guru bernama Bapak Ahmad Rizky Nasution SPD menyatakan bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 288, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dukungan dari orang tua menjadi salah satu faktor penting untuk memberikan semangat serta motivasi terhadap anak agar anak-anak diantar serta mendapatkan dukungan untuk tetap mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 350, "width": 470, "height": 182, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian bahwa pembelajaran yang dilakukan harus mendapatkan dukungan dari orang tua agar anak dapat belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh serta memiliki cita-cita yang nantinya menjadi salah satu kebanggaan dari keluarga. Perkembangan manusia, belajar merupakan faktor penentu proses perkembangan berupa pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan, nilai, reaksi, keyakinan, dan lain-lain tingkah laku yang dimiliki manusia adalah diperoleh melalui belajar(Sabri, 2007). Secara kuantitatif belajar berarti kegiatan pengisian atau pengembangan kemampuan kognitif dengan fakta yang sebanyak- banyaknya. Secara institusional belajar dipandang sebagai proses validasi ( pengabsahan) terhadap penguasaan peserta didik atas materi- materi yang telah diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 537, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Hilgard dan Bower sebagaimana dikutip oleh Ngalim Purwanto menjelaskan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 579, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Belajar berhubungan dengan perubahan tingkah laku seseorang terhadap sesuatu situasi tertentu yang disebabkan oleh pengalamannya yang berulang-ulang dalam situasi itu, dimana perubahan tingkah laku itu tidak dapat dijelaskan atas dasar kecendrungan respon pembawaan, kematangan, atau keadaan- keadaan seseorang”. (Purwanto, 2010)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 662, "width": 470, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Dimyati dan Mudjino, hasil belajar merupakan hal yang dapat dipandang dari dua sisi yaitu sisi siswa dan dari sisi guru. Dari sisi siswa hasil belajar merupakan tingkat perkembangan mental yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan pada saat sebelum belajar. Tingkat perkembangan mental tersebut terwujud pada jenis-jenis ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Sedangkan dari sisi guru, hasil belajar merupakan saat terselesaikannya bahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 134, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pelajaran.(Mujiono, 2008)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Oemar Hamalik hasil belajar adalah bila seseorang telah belajar akan terjadi perubahan tingkah laku pada orang tersebut, misalnya dari tidak tahu menjadi tahu, dan dari tidak mengerti menjadi mengerti.(Hamalik, 2006) Bloom merumuskan hasil belajar sebagai perubahan tingkah laku yang meliputi domain ( ranah ) kognitif. Ranah afektif, dan ranah psikomotorik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 184, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 435, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daradjat, Zakiah, Dkk. 1996. “Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, Cet. III.” In . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 226, "width": 469, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Djamarah, Syaiful Bahri. 2006. “Guru Dan Anak Didik Dalam Interaksi Edukatif.” In .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 149, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yogyakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 267, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meldawati. 2021. “MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PAI MATERI SALAT DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI SISWA KELAS III SDN MUARA MARUWEI II.” Fakultas Tarbiyah Dan Ilmu Keguruan (FTIK) Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Palangka Raya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 330, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Miftahurrohmah, Siti Fatimah. 2022. “UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA MATERI SHALAT PADA MATA PELAJARAN PAI MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI SISWA KELAS VII SMP ISLAM ULIL ALBAB.” Urnal Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 392, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Miles dan Hubermen. 2020. “Penelitian Kualitatif.” In . Medan:Wal Ashri Publishing: Wal Ashri Publishing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 434, "width": 435, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mujiono, Dimyati. 2008. “Belajar Dan Pembelajaran.” In . Jakarta: PT. Grafika Aditama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 469, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nana, Sudjana. 2007. ““Media Pengajaran Penggunaan Dan Pembuatannya.” In . Bandung:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 475, "width": 276, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Med ia pengajaran penggunaan dan pembuatannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 496, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nasution, M.A. 2005. “Berbagai Pendekatan Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar.” In . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 537, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rusman. 2012. “Belajar Dan Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer Mengembangkan Profesionalisme Guru Abad 2.” In . Bandu ng: LFABETA.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 578, "width": 406, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono. 2014. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif, (Bandung Alfabeta, 2014), H.1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 600, "width": 469, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wina, Sanjaya. 2005. “Pembelajaran Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 620, "width": 120, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In . Bandung: Kencana.", "type": "List item" } ]
cfc96638-2ea4-703e-7323-cd80280d459e	https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jjom/article/download/20407/7193	[ { "left": 128, "top": 111, "width": 340, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 208, "top": 168, "width": 178, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yogi Anggara 1 , Arif Munandar 1,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 199, "width": 394, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 227, "width": 249, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 36, "width": 288, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JAMBURA JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 171, "top": 55, "width": 254, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura J. Math. Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 419–430, August 2023 Journal Homepage: http://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jjom DOI: https://doi.org/10.34312/jjom.v5i2.20407", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 277, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 299, "width": 414, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN is a type of artificial neural network used to handle problems that require sequential data processing. ANFIS is a method that combines the advantages of fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks to create a system, so can adapt the parameters it uses according to the obtained data so that it can build an automated inference system. In this research, we make combination of RNN in ANFIS, which makes ANFIS able to accept input in the form of time series data so that ANFIS can recognize patterns contained in the time series data and its suitable for forecasting cases in the Jakarta Islamic Index. The membership functions used are three Gaussian functions. The results of the RNN-ANFIS Hybrid model training provide an interpretation that the first membership function represents the trend change indicator value, the second membership function represents the closing price change value in the last eight days, and the third membership function represents the pattern change value in the trend. The model for the Jakarta Islamic Index provides very good predictions with an MSE value of 0.001 and an MAE of 0.246.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 449, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 462, "width": 269, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN-ANFIS; Neural Network; Fuzzy Logic; Jakarta Islamic Index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 480, "width": 65, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Citation Style:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 499, "width": 414, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar, ”Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index”, Jambura J. Math. , vol. 5, No.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 511, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2, pp. 419–430, 2023, doi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 523, "width": 185, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.34312/jjom.v5i2.20407", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 554, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 425, "height": 120, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the 20th century, a new concept founded in mathematical logic named as fuzzy logic, which developed by Lotfi A. Zadeh in 1965 [1]. Fuzzy logic is a system of logic that allows level of truth that is not only worth right or wrong, but also value between right and wrong. Unlike Boolean logic where an approach to computing only based on “true of false”, fuzzy logic using an approach to computing base on “degrees of truth”. Because of this ability, fuzzy logic is able to make the system’s capabilities on the sensor to be smoother. For example, an automatic brightness sensor on a device, fuzzy logic is able to determine what percentage of the brightness level on the device based on the level of light intensity, whether the environment is dark, bright, very bright or other types.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 425, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the early 1990s Jang on research [2] and [3] created an artificial neural network based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system [4], named with the Adaptive", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 740, "width": 353, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2656-1344 c 2023 Y. Anggara, A. Munandar \| Under the license CC BY-NC 4.0 Received: 2023-06-12 \| Revised: 2023-07-31 \| Accepted: 2023-08-05 \| Published: 2023-08-07", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 419 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 146, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). ANFIS has ability to adjust the problems it faces and improve its predictive ability constantly. Since that time, ANFIS become one of the most popular methods for solving uncertain problems by using artificial neural networks. ANFIS has been widely used in various fields, such as control systems, classifications, pattern recognitions or forecasting and other fields. Applications in the field of control systems can be found in [5], while [6] given detail application of control non linear systems. Applications in the field of classifications can be seen in research [7], while [8] make an detail on electromyogram (EMG) signal. Applications for the field of pattern recognitions or forecasting can be found on [9, 10]. ANFIS is constantly evolving and optimized to be one of the best methods for resolving uncertain problems by using artificial neural networks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 425, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a type of neural network that has ability to remember past information and use it to making decisions in the future. RNN was first introduced by Sepp Hochreiter and Jurgen Schmidhuber in 1997 through his research in [11]. Before the advent of RNN, neural networks could only process incoming information linearly, without regard to past information. This limits the ability of neural networks to understand contextual information, such as language, music, or data patterns that have a relationship with data in the past. To solve this problem, Hochreiter and Schmidhuber developed the concept of a neural network that can remember past information through a unit called a ”hidden state”. This hidden state is a type of memory that can be read and written by neural networks, so that the network can use past information as a basis for processing new information. With the presence of RNN, neural networks begin to be able to understand contextual information better and predict future events more accurately, some research that use RNN can be found in [12–15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 447, "width": 425, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inspired by several research that use hybrid methods by combining some methods such as [16], [17] or [18] and look the potential of RNN and ANFIS, we see that this can be an opportunity to create a hybrid model between RNN and ANFIS. RNN that is able to process input data in the form of sequential data allows ANFIS to learn the fuzzy set membership function automatically on input data in the form of time-series data. This is very helpful for the prediction process, especially in data where future values are influenced by past data patterns such as stocks. In this research, we already implemented RNN-ANFIS in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). JII is an index for Sharia stocks in Indonesia, where the value of JII is able to project the movement of Sharia stock prices as a whole. In this research, we use data from the Jakarta Islamic Idex from January 6, 2020 to December 9, 2022, and the output data that will be predicted is the close price data one day ahead. Hopefully, this research can help investors who want to invest in Sharia stock instruments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 656, "width": 425, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This reseach used a method that combined RNN and ANFIS models. The obtained model is then used to predict stock data from the Jakarta Islamic Index. Details of the data used along with the RNN and ANFIS models are presented as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The data used in this resach is secondary data derived from the Yahoo Finance website [19]. The data was taken in the range of January 6, 2020 to December 9, 2022. Input data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 420 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 425, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "on the model is the first eight lags of open price ( X 1 = { x 1,1 , x 1,2 ,. . ., x 1,8 } ) , height price ( X 2 = { x 2,1 , x 2,2 ,. . ., x 2,8 } ) , low price ( X 3 = { x 3,1 , x 3,2 ,. . ., x 3,8 } ) , and close price ( X 4 = { x 4,1 , x 4,2 ,. . ., x 4,8 } ) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 149, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Data of Jakarta Islamic Index January 6, 2020 – December 9, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 169, "width": 263, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Date Open High Low Close 1 January 6, 2020 695.98 696.95 689.07 690.06 2 January 7, 2020 691.17 693.78 686.57 692.54 3 January 8, 2020 688.33 688.95 683.72 685.01 4 January 9, 2020 687.79 691.38 686.54 691.38 .. . .. . .. .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 167, "top": 228, "width": 262, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".. . .. . .. . 715 December 6, 2022 599.75 599.75 585.02 587.89 716 December 7, 2022 587.89 590.54 584.51 590.34 717 December 8, 2022 590.18 592.36 579.08 592.36 718 December 9, 2022 592.36 592.36 581.42 583.93", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 425, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 is JII data for January 6 2020 to December 9 2022. For example, based on this table, the first input for an open price is X 1 = { 695.98, 691.17, 688.33, 687.79, . . . } , the first input for a high price is X 2 = { 696.95, 693.78, 688.95, 691.38, . . . } , the first input for a low price is X 3 = { 689.07, 686.57, 688.95, 691.38, . . . } , and the first input for a close price is X 4 = { 690.06, 692.54, 685.01, 691.38, . . . } .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 392, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 426, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Recurrent neural networks or RNN are a family of neural networks used to process sequential data [20]. The way recurrent neural networks work is similar to the convolution layer, the difference is that the convolution layer generally used to process input data sets in the form of images, while recurrent neural networks are used to process value sets such as x ( 1 ) , ..., x ( h ) [21]. The symbol x ( 1 ) , ..., x ( h ) are element of R d , where d is the number of features. RNN has a unique characteristic, namely that its architecture has at least one feedbackloop, so it can store data in its network structure, thus the performance of RNN in making predictions depends on its weight and architecture [22]. Another uniqueness of RNN is the presence of a feedback connection that carries noise information from the previous input and can be accommodated for the next input [23]. Mathematically RNN can be written as follows [21]:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 587, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a ( t ) = b + W h ( t − 1 ) + U x ( t ) ∈ R h (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 229, "top": 607, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h ( t ) = tanh a ( t ) ∈ ( − 1, 1 ) h (2)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 230, "top": 629, "width": 281, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "o ( t ) = c + V h ( t ) ∈ R h (3)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 229, "top": 649, "width": 282, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b y ( t ) = softmax o ( t ) ∈ ( 0, 1 ) h (4)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 425, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The parameters consist of the bias vectors b , c ∈ R h along with the weight matrices U ∈ R h × d , V , W ∈ R h × h . Each of those equations above represent connection between input-to-hidden, hidden-to-output, and hidden-to-hidden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 425, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 is an illustration of how the RNN calculation process occurs, where the output value from the previous period’s RNN calculation will be forwarded to the RNN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 421 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 361, "width": 251, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Illustration of the RNN architecture works", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 392, "width": 426, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "calculation in the next period. The above system of equations is an example of a network that continuously maps input sequences to output sequences of the same length. The total loss for a set of x values paired with a set of y values will be the sum of the losses across all time steps. For example, if L ( t ) is the logarithmic values of the negative probability y ( t ) with the input data x ( 1 ) , ..., x ( t ) , then mathematically the equation is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 499, "width": 397, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "L { x ( 1 ) , . . . , x ( t ) } , { y ( 1 ) , . . . , y ( t ) } = ∑ t L ( t ) = − ∑ t log p model y ( t ) { x ( 1 ) , . . . , x ( t ) } . (5)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 573, "width": 425, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this case, the model i.e. p model y ( t ) x ( 1 ) , . . . , x ( t ) is obtained by reading the y ( t ) entry from the model output vector b y ( t ) in equation (4). For a simple form of RNN, the model is condensed into equation (1) only [24].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 425, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANFIS is a fuzzy inference system consisting of artificial neuron network algorithms and fuzzy logic that can be used to solve complex nonlinear problems. The ANFIS architecture, namely the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, is a fuzzy inference system implemented in the form of an adaptive network. Using hybrid learning methods, ANFIS can build input-output mappings based on fuzzy if-then rules formed by human knowledge and established input-output data pairs [25]. This system can be divided into two groups, first group consisting of neural networks with fuzzy weights and fuzzy activation functions, and the second group consisting of neural", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 422 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "networks with inputs formed into fuzzy sets in the first or second layer, but the weights on those neural networks are not formed into fuzzy sets [26].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 130, "width": 425, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Functionally ANFIS has the same architecture as the Fuzzy rule base model Sugeno. The architecture of ANFIS is also same as the neural networks with radial functions and certain limitations. ANFIS can be thought as a method that uses learning algorithms against a set of data to adjust rules, so ANFIS also allows those rules to adapt. For examples, 4 input data are given namely x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , and the fuzzy membership set of each input data is 3. If the membership function of input data uses the Gaussian function, then mathematically ANFIS can be written as follows [27]:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 250, "width": 341, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "π ij ( x i ) = N ( x i \| µ , σ ) = 1 σ √ 2 π exp − 1 2 x i − µ σ 2 ! (6)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 194, "top": 288, "width": 317, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "w i = 3 ∏ j = 1 π ij (7)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 194, "top": 324, "width": 317, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "w i = w i 4 ∑ j = 1 w j ! − 1 (8)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 186, "top": 366, "width": 325, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "w i f i = w i 4 ∑ j = 1 a j x j + b j (9)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 197, "top": 403, "width": 313, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "O = 4 ∑ i = 1 w i f i (10)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 425, "height": 79, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Equation (6) is a fuzzification layer where each neuron adapts to the activation parameters. Each neuron generates a membership degree using a Gaussian function as the input membership function. This equation is the first layer in Figure 2. Equation (7) is a layer consisting of fixed neurons which is the product of all input values. Usually the AND operator is used. The result of this calculation is called the firing strength of a rule. Each neuron represents rule i .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 749, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2. ANFIS architecture", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 423 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 146, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This equation is the second layer in Figure 2. Equation (8) is a layer consisting of neurons which aims to calculate the ratio of the i-th firing strength ( w i ) to the total firing strength in the second layer. The result of this calculation is called normalized firing strength. This equation is the third layer in Figure 2. Equation (9) is a layer consisting of neurons that are adaptive to certain outputs. The calculation results for this layer involve the normalized firing strength ( w i ) of the third layer, as well as the p i , q i , and r i parameters of the neurons. These parameters are usually called consequent parameters. This equation is the fourth layer in Figure 2. Equation (10) is a layer consisting of a single neuron that produces the sum of all outputs in the fourth layer. In this model, what will be trained are the a j weight, b j bias and the parameters of gausian function µ and σ . The output result is the entire summation of equation to equation (9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. RNN-ANFIS Architecture", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 425, "height": 133, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, RNN was used as a layer to study trend patterns of input data in the form of time-series data, namely the first eight lags at open price, height price, low price, and close price.Furthermore, the RNN layer will provide one output value for each input data which is a representation of the pattern on the trend. The output value is then processed on ANFIS to forecast the close price one day ahead. The modeling in this research used the TensorFlow library available on the Python language, while the program code for the ANFIS architecture used code from previous research conducted by Lenhard [28]. We modified the code so that ANFIS can receive output values from RNN and carry out the RNN and ANFIS training process simultaneously. The relationships between the layers are represented on the plot in Figure 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 704, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3. RNN-ANFIS architecture", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 307, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The steps for RNN-ANFIS model in this research are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 748, "width": 344, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Scale each input data using a min-max scaler to have the same range", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 424 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 97, "width": 412, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Convert data into the form of supervised learning, which is to have input and output data, then divide the data into two parts, namely 90% for training data and validation data for the training process, and the remaining 10% for test data.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 137, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Define the RNN-ANFIRIS architecture.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 151, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Train the model using the Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 164, "width": 412, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Evaluate the model using Means Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). If the model is still not good, go back to step c.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2. Application of RNN-ANFIS on JII", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 425, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this reseach, the training process was carried 25 epochs, and each epoch consisted of 25 batches. In Figure 4, although the MSE change value looks not stable, the model is overall able to lower the MSE value. This shows that the RNN-ANFIS training process is good enough.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 469, "width": 293, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 4. Plot MSE values of RNN-ANFIS training per epoch", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 425, "height": 65, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Figure 5, the overall magnitude of the MAE decrease is not as significant as in the MSE decrease. This may be because MAE basically uses the absolute value of error, while MSE uses the square of error. Base on this reason when the error value is less than one, the error value of MSE tends to be smaller. However, the MAE value still decreases with each addition of epoch.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 749, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 5. Plot MAE values of RNN-ANFIS training per epoch", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 425 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The training process that has been carried out produces an RNN-ANFIS model with optimal parameters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 134, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. RNN Parameters", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 112, "top": 147, "width": 398, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN is the first layer entered by each input data. Each independent variable is entered in one RNN neuron. Thus, there are four neurons in the RNN layer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 178, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a) Input data of open price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 205, "width": 269, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 1, t = 0, 760 x 1, t + 1, 061 h 1, t − 1 + 0, 109 (11)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 118, "top": 225, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) Input data of height price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 250, "width": 269, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 2, t = 0, 760 x 1, t + 1, 061 h 1, t − 1 + 0, 109 (12)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 119, "top": 274, "width": 128, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(c) Input data of low price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 299, "width": 269, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 3, t = 0, 180 x 1, t + 0, 941 h 1, t − 1 + 0, 034 (13)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 117, "top": 323, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(d) Input data of close price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 347, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 4, t = 1, 007 x 1, t + 0, 969 h 1, t − 1 − 0, 057 (14)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 99, "top": 372, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Membership functions", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 112, "top": 386, "width": 398, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Each neuron in the RNN is taken for the last hidden state period, which is t i ,8 , i = 1, 2, 3, 4. That is, each input consisting of eight time series data is represented by one value. Next, the hidden state of the last period is forwarded to the fuzification layer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 444, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a) Input data of open price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 468, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 1,8 \| − 1, 500; 0, 843 ) (15)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 484, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 1,8 \| − 0, 212; 1, 191 ) (16)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 501, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 1,8 \| 1, 470; 1, 184 ) (17)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 118, "top": 526, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) Input data of height price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 550, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 2,8 \| − 1, 488; 1, 261 ) (18)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 566, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 2,8 \| − 0, 003; 0, 743 ) (19)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 583, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 2,8 \| 1, 501; 1, 143 ) (20)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 119, "top": 608, "width": 128, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(c) Input data of low price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 632, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 3,8 \| − 1, 510; 0, 719 ) (21)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 648, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 3,8 \| 0, 034; 0, 780 ) (22)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 665, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 3,8 \| 1, 518; 1, 160 ) (23)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 117, "top": 690, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(d) Input data of close price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 714, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 4,8 \| − 1, 490; 1, 015 ) (24)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 730, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 4,8 \| 0, 050; 1, 020 ) (25)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 747, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 4,8 \| 1, 540; 0, 863 ) (26)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 426 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on equations (15) to (26), can be calculated the fuzzy set membership value of each input data. Figure 6 illustrates a plot showing the calculation of membership values in the close price input data from January 6, 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 356, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 6. Plot fuzzy membership function of data close price per 8 days", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 425, "height": 65, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Figure 6, the blue bar chart is the value of the first fuzzy set member, which has a membership value of less than 0.1. The orange bar chart is the value of the first fuzzy set member, which has a membership value between 0.25 to 0.4. The green bar diagram is the value of the third fuzzy set member, which has a membership value between 0.2 and 0.4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 642, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 7. Plot fuzzy membership function of data close price per 8 days", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 425, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the values of the members of each fuzzy set are plotted, an interesting pattern will be seen as shown in Figure 7. Membership value of the first fuzzy set (blue color), increases on the 50th day, which on the next day the trend changes from the initial down to the up. Thus it can be said that the first set of membership in the close price data represents an indicator of trend change. The membership value of the second fuzzy set (orange color), also increased on the 50th day like the first fuzzy set. The difference between the first and second fuzzy sets is that in the second fuzzy set there is still movement, both before the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math. 427 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50th day and after. In further, the second fuzzy set appears to more representative of the magnitude of the close price change in the last eight days. Meanwhile, in the membership value of the third fuzzy set (green color), it can be seen that the movement of values every time is very similar to the trends that occur in the data. Thus, it can be said that when compared with the first and second fuzzy sets the third fuzzy set is more representative of the trend pattern at the time.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 361, "width": 327, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 8. Comparison plot of forecasting data and actual close price", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 385, "width": 425, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 8 shows the predicted results of RNN-ANFIS. It can be seen that both training data, validation data and test data, RNN-ANFIS is able to forecast very well. Even RNN- ANFIS is still able to recognize quite extreme trend patterns such as on the 50th day.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 425, "height": 106, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN-ANFIS has an excellent ability to forecast JII in the next day. This can be shown from the MSE and MAE values in the last epoch, where the values of the two evaluation metrics have very small values, namely MSE of 0.001 and MAE of 0.246. In addition, this model is also able to explain what indicators are used during the prediction process through fuzzy sets. RNN provides more capabilities to ANFIS so that ANFIS is able to recognize trend patterns in the input data. In the close price input data, the three fuzzy sets represent indicators of trend changes, the magnitude of close price changes, and also patterns in trends.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 598, "width": 420, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] J. A. Goguen, “L. a. zadeh. fuzzy sets. information and control, vol. 8 (1965), pp. 338–353. l. a. zadeh. similarity relations and fuzzy orderings. information sciences, vol. 3 (1971), pp. 177–200.” Journal of Symbolic Logic , vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 656–657, 1973, doi: 10.2307/2272014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 636, "width": 420, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] J. S. R. 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Pakaya, “Particle swarm optimazion-fuzzy logic controller untuk penyearah satu fasa,” Edutic - Scientific Journal of Informatics Education , vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2015, doi: 10.21107/ edutic.v1i1.401.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 425, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[28] G. Lenhard, Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) based on Keras on top of Tensorflow 2.0. , 2020, [Online] Available: https://github.com/tiagoCuervo/TensorANFIS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 195, "top": 177, "width": 316, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License . Editorial of JJoM: Department of Mathematics, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Jln. Prof. Dr. Ing. B.J. Habibie, Moutong, Tilongkabila, Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Provinsi Gorontalo 96554, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM \| Jambura J. Math.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 290, "top": 786, "width": 221, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "430 Volume 5 \| Issue 2 \| August 2023", "type": "Table" } ]
bc808155-8288-2447-4ca6-5e22692a3609	https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jst/article/download/3705/2700	[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 234, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019 \| 158-166", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 211, "top": 67, "width": 51, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JST", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 211, "top": 94, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 753, "width": 382, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding author at: Agrotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Labuhanbatu E-mail address: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 795, "width": 250, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2018 Published by Talenta Publisher, ISSN: 2621-4830 Journal Homepage: https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jst", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 339, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prospects for Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Development for Food and Energy Security", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 398, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fitra Syawal Harahap 1) ,Hilwa Walida 1) , Rosmidah Hasibuan 2) , Abdul Rauf 3) ,T. Sabrina 3) , Benny Hidayat 3) , Rahmawaty 4) , Darmadi Erwin Harahap 5) , Parmanoan Harahap 6 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 389, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Study program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Labuhanbatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 284, "width": 433, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Study Program Education Biology, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Labuhanbatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Study Program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 318, "width": 351, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Study Program Forest, Management Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 417, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Study Program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan 6 Study Program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Graha Nusantara Padang Sidempuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 377, "width": 347, "height": 302, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract. The use of sugar palm can be felt directly by the community both in and around the forest through traditional use. But unfortunately this plant does not get enough attention to be developed, so that the palm trees that are used in general are still plants that grow wild in nature and develop naturally. The purpose of this activity is to provide information on how the development of sugar palm can be an alternative food security and energy and processed products from coconut trees, so that it benefits the community, encourages public awareness and awareness to preserve the environment. This activity was carried out in Buluh Awar Village by involving the community and Teaching Staff of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Science, Labuhan Batu Universitas. the material used and the method used are planting sugar palm which is generally not yet cultivated so that crop productivity is low and it is feared the plant population will decline. Because sugar palm plants have economic, social, cultural and conservation functions, so as to cultivate palm trees and rehabilitate plants that grow naturally and irregularly to increase crop productivity. The results of the dedication show that planting sugar palm plants have good hopes or prospects in the future, namely processed products from palm oil plants such as sugar, drinks and vinegar can be used to increase food security, while bioethanol can be used as an alternative energy source.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 687, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Sugar palm, Food security, Alternative energy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 717, "width": 346, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak. Kegunaan aren dapat dirasakan secara langsung oleh masyarakat baik di dalam maupun di sekitar hutan melalui penggunaan secara tradisional. Namun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "159", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 73, "width": 346, "height": 320, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sayang tumbuhan ini kurang mendapat perhatian untuk dikembangkan, sehingga pohon aren yang dimanfaatkan pada umumnya masih merupakan tumbuhan yang tumbuh liar di alam dan berkembang secara alami. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang bagaimana Pengembangan Tanaman Aren dapat menjadi alternatif ketahanan pangan dan energi serta produk olahan dari pohon aren, sehingga bermanfaat bagi masyarakat, mendorong kesadaran dan kesadaran masyarakat untuk melestarikan lingkungan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Desa Buluh Awar dengan melibatkan masyarakat dan Staf Pengajar Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Sains, Universitas Labuhan Batu. Bahan yang digunakan serta metode yang digunakan adalah penanaman aren yang umumnya belum dibudidayakan sehingga produktivitas tanaman rendah dan dikhawatirkan populasi tanaman akan menurun. Karena tanaman aren memiliki fungsi ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan konservasi, sehingga untuk membudidayakan tanaman aren dan merehabilitasi tanaman yang tumbuh secara alami dan tidak teratur untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Hasil dari pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa penanaman tanaman aren memiliki harapan atau prospek yang baik di masa depan yaitu Produk olahan dari tanaman kelapa sawit seperti gula, minuman, dan cuka dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan, sedangkan bioetanol dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 401, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Tanaman aren, Ketahanan pangan, Energi alternatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 422, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 14 September 2019 \| Revised 15 October 2019 \| Accepted 15 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 452, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 428, "height": 301, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The palm tree is a tree that almost all parts both physical and production can be utilized and have valued the economy. Palm production such as fruit, roomie and flour for a long time has been used traditionally by the community and not yet can produce significant economic value [1]. This time sugar products, palm sugar, palm sugar and fro have entered the modern but deep market very limited quantity. Utilization of palm sugar palm juice for Fermented products like vinegar, ethanol, and data are still needed further research and development in technology processing and marketing [2].Sugar palm or areca palm ( Arenga pinnata ) is widely known and cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. The use of sugar palm mainly as a source of carbohydrates, roomie for making sugar, alcohol, and other benefits [3]. According to [4] sugar palm are ideally used in alley cropping especially on land that has a high degree of slope. At present with technological advances, palm sugar has the potential to be made bioful [5]. The processing and management of palm sugar products carried out by sugar palm farmers / craftsmen in East Kalimantan are still limited to traditional processing of palm sugar into printed sugar whereas processing of palm sugar into ant sugar and bioethanol is", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "160", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "limited to trials [6]. According to [7]. To ensure the continuity and intensification of the exploitation of sugar palm, it is time to start paying attention to the cultivation of cultivation including cultivation techniques and rehabilitation of sugar palm plants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The wide distribution of the population and the high diversity of sugar palm makes it difficult to estimate the high or low production of sap which is used as a basis for making palm sugar. This is evident from the results of research conducted, namely, Exploration and Identification of Sugar palm in South Tapanuli Regency with the result that the character of the leaves is the character that has the most significant effect on the production of palm sugar juice [8]. According to [9], there is a sugar palm farmer's behavior which is counter-productive to the production of roomie, among other things, the farmer seems to have no burden to cut the leaves for reasons of ease to tap or to facilitate climbing so as not to be blocked.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "With the touch of technology, it is expected that spatial planning will occur between the sugar palm and the cultivation techniques of sugar palm trees that support increased crop productivity and increase farmers' income. At present the main product of palm sugar plantations is tapping from male flowers that are made into palm sugar as well as soft drinks, vinegar and alcohol [10,11]. Besides that the sugar palm plants can produce food products such as the foliage of ripe female fruit and palm sugar for food in the form of cakes, bread and biscuits derived from the processing of the plant's spout [12]. In addition, palm trees can also be developed in agroforestry systems between forestry and agricultural crops [13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugar palm plants have not been cultivated intensively and only grow wild in the forest. Research [14], showed that 4 clusters were formed with a 75% similarity level or 25% diversity. The number of productive leaves and the percentage of sap sugar content above the average through the Identification of Phenotypic Characters of Arena pinnata Merr in South Tapanuli Regency. Therefore, the development of this plant is very slow while the logging is going very fast, as a result the population of sugar palm is drastically reduced although there are no data on this [15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The decline in the sugar palm population will directly result in a decrease in the income of farmers who cultivate the sap as the main results of this crop. According to [16], sugar palm plant is a long lived annual plant, so the height of male and female first spangles can be used as indirect selection criteria to increase the yield of roomie. The development of increasing energy needs and limited fossil energy is a concern to look", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "161", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "for renewable energy sources such as bioethanol derived from vegetable raw materials. Bioethanol is a cheap alternative raw material when compared to gasoline without subsidies. Currently, besides cassava, sugarcane and the distance of potential raw materials to be used as ethanol are sugar palm [17].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 168, "width": 428, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Armed with this information, Community Service activities are carried out to give more insight to the community in the Village of Buluh Awar, in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, is one of the sugar producing centers in North Sumatra. About 80% of the people there earn a living from palm trees, which are actually not planted but grow on their own in the forest or fields. In Buluh Awar, there are about 10 hectares of aren plantations, but not spread over one stretch. The potential of sugar palm plantations there is actually not optimally worked on, can still be developed better and more broadly with more optimal results as well. The purpose of this activity is to provide information on how the development of sugar palm trees can be an alternative food security and energy and processed products from palm trees, so that it benefits the community, encourages public awareness and awareness to preserve the environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 428, "height": 342, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Community service activities are carried out in Mess Aren Hall, Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, starting from the survey and location determination, visits to permits, and counseling activities. Implementation of Community Service will be carried out as follows, Lecture activities carried out by teaching staff by providing material on Arena Development ( Arenga pinnata Merr) for Food Safety and Energy with discussion. After completing the presentation material, given the opportunity to discuss the material provided in the form of questions and answers or responses. The aim of Community Service activities is carried out by the teaching staff of the Agrotechnology Study Program of the Faculty of Science and Technology and the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Labuhanbatu Universitas, the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universitas of North Sumatra and Graha Nusantara Universitas (UGN) Padang Sidempuan, Rector of Labuhanbatu Universitas Mr. Ade Parlaungan Nasution, SE., M.Si the Chancellor is to increase awareness of all levels of society about the importance of the Development of the Pinnata Merr Arena for Food Safety and Energy in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang District so that the benefits of implementing community services can be seen from two sides, namely, the Community will benefit from the importance of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "162", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the Development of the Merr Pinnata Arena for Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang Regency,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 429, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Increasing community awareness to protect and preserve the environment, especially efforts to manage the importance of the Pinnata Arena Merr for Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang Regency, Benefits for universities and government and Public awareness of higher education in an effort to improve environmental quality, especially the importance of Arena pinnata Merr. Development of Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang Regency as a reflection of the existence of Higher Education in the midst of the community and Assisting government programs in efforts to manage the development of the Aren Factory so that the demand for products produced from this factory will always increase in line with the development of development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 428, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The implementation of community service activities is carried out by means of training and discussion. The lecture was conducted by giving material and practice on how to develop Arenga pinnata Merr for food security and energy. The implementation of activities offered by the community service team from the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry and Graha Nusantara Universitas (UGN) Padang Sidempuan is providing material on the importance of Arena pinnata Merr for Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang District After received this training, it is hoped that the community can manage their mangrove forests and manage their land so that the Palm Oil Development can be utilized optimally.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 570, "width": 428, "height": 218, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aren is a plant with high potential to be developed. The main products of the sugar palm plant as a result of tapping the sap of male flowers can be used as sugar, drinks, vinegar and alcohol. Besides other parts of plants can be made food. Data for 2004 total area of sugar palm trees has reached 60,482 ha spread across 14 provinces. In connection with palm sugar products that can be used as raw material for ethanol, the development of this plant to support the needs of bioenergy needs to be immediately followed up. Opportunities to develop these plants in addition to the availability of existing technology, palm trees are easily adaptable to various types of soil throughout Indonesia including critical land, reeds and for reforestation and forest conservation. While the challenges that need to be overcome to develop these plants include: technological input is still minimal, improved production management, improved", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "163", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "processing, marketing is still traditional, dissemination is still limited to a small number of farmers, and the difficulty of superior seeds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 429, "height": 342, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aren trees because they have the ability to adapt to various land conditions, agro-climate, and high tolerance in mixed cropping patterns including woody plants and fast growing because they have many roots and thick canopy are very suitable to be developed also on marginal land which is mostly owned by poor farmers. To overcome the increase in the area and the number of poor land areas in Indonesia at a higher rate, it is necessary to plant types such as sugar palm. These plants provide viable sap production with low input and are very suitable for water and soil conservation purposes. Besides that, sugar palm plants produce biomass on the ground and in soils that are so large that it plays an important role in the CO 2 cycle [5]. Sugar palm plants can easily adapt to various types of soil cultivated for agricultural commodities including marginal soils, in addition to this plant serves for soil and water conservation. Most of the sugar palm plantations have not implemented existing technological innovations. So that the dissemination of technology will have an impact not only on productivity and income of farmers, but the development of diversification of results that provide business opportunities and employment for many people. The availability of technology, although not yet complete, has carried out various research activities to support sugar palm agribusiness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 654, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. The process of making palm sugar made from palm tree sap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The technology that is ready to use includes: selection of parent plant trees, nurseries, nurseries, cultivation, tapping, sap preservation, sugar processing, ant sugar, sugar palm sugar processing and ethanol production. The process of making palm sugar from palm tree sap can be seen in Figure 1. The available land reserves in each province including critical land, alang grasslands, etc. can be planted with palm trees. The existence of a national movement for forest and land rehabilitation can use palm trees", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 404, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "for conservation and reforestation programs. Palm trees have the opportunity to become bioethanol-producing plants because of their adaptability to various land and agro-climate conditions. Available technological innovations to develop sugar palm plants as bioethanol producers include: seed sources, cultivation, tapping sap and processing of sap into bioethanol. The potential of sugar palm plants to be used as ethanol is now quite large, reaching 1.43 million bioethanol per year. However, not to become a competitor in food, it is suggested that the development of sugar palm be directed in the form of developing new areas specifically for bioethanol with a pilot orientation of the project in the provinces and districts that are interested. In accordance with national needs, 6.4 million hectares have been planned during 2005-2015 for plants producing bioethanol, including sugar palm. The challenge ahead for the development of sugar palm plants is not only for food sources, but can be used as a source of bioethanol and other product diversification in an effort to increase revenue and land conservation. A pilot project is needed that is integrated with the latest agribusiness-oriented technological innovation applications. Commitments to implementation are left to the provinces/districts to finance, implement and monitor them. Sugar palm research to produce bioethanol by the Agency for Agricultural Research must get top priority. This activity must be designed in the form of short and long term sugar palm research which can clearly produce concrete results in the development of palm trees with environmental conservation areas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 500, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation in the field was carried out by means of lectures and discussions, by the teaching staff of the Agrotechnology Study Program from the Faculty of Science and Technology of Labuhanbatu Universitas, the Biology Education Study Program of the Faculty of Teaching and Education of Labuhanbatu Universitas, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara at Mess Aren, Buluh Awar (Figure 2). This is done because most people are close to the location. The material presented was very useful for participants because around 90% of participants who attended lectures and discussions as well as the problems presented could be seen immediately so there was a two-way discussion.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This extension activity also involved local government officials represented by the local village head, Chairperson of the Wampu North Sumatra Watershed Forum, Chairperson of the Deli Serdang District Agricultural Extension Commission, Rector of Labuhanbatu Universitas, Bpk. Ade Parlaungan Nasution, SE, M.Si., Chancellor of the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas of Nahdlatul Ulama Universitas, North Sumatra. The government officials at the counseling place also welcomed this activity because it was one of the means in increasing the community's insight in their area.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 406, "width": 279, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2. Implementation of community service activities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 439, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supporting factors", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supporting factors in the implementation of community service that really helped the realization of this activity were positive responses from the community and local government officials. Positive responses were shown with a good reception on the arrival of the counseling team to the location and at the time the lecture was conducted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Obstacle factor", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As for the inhibiting factors in this service activity, namely: limited space and not all people can participate in this outreach activity, because they already have other activities that coincide with this event. However, this activity was successfully carried out with the participation of a part of the community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This Community service is an extension conducted by a lecture and discussion system with participants from the community with material on the Development of ( Arenga pinnata ) for Food and Energy Security so that the demand for products produced from this plant will always increase in line with developments development. Based on the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "166", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "results of the activity, it is necessary to have continuous counseling to the community to understand the importance of the efforts to develop the Sugar plant ( Arenga pinnata ) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Mariati, R. 2013. Potensi produksi dan prospek pengembangan tanaman aren ( Arenga pinnata MERR ) di Kalimantan Timur. Agrifor, 12 (2): 196-205.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 181, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Lempang, M. 2012. Pohon aren dan manfaat produksinya. Info Teknis EBONI, 9(1): 37-54.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 370, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Mogea, H. 1991. Revisi marga aren. Disertasi S3 Universitas Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 235, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Mahmud, Z. Dan Amrizal, 1991. Palma sebagai bahan pangan, pakan dan konservasi. Buletin Balitka No. 14. Balitka Manado.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 431, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Sangian, Hanny F., Gerald H. Tamuntuan, Handy I.R. Mosey, Verna Suoth, Beni H. Manialup. 2017. The Utilization of Arenga Pinnata Ethanol In Preparing One Phase-Aqueous Gasohol. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , 12, no. 24: 7039-7046.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Sangian, H.F. and Tongkukut, S. 2011. Study Of Bio-Ethanol Preparation From Arenga Palm Sugar. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 11(2): 259-267.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Bernhard, M.R. 2018. Teknik Budidaya dan Rehabilitasi Tanaman Aren. Buletin Palma, (33): 67-77.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Harahap, M.K. 2018. Karakter Daun dan Produksi Nira Tanaman Aren ( Arenga Pinnata Merr ) di Kecamatan Marancar. Graha Tani, 4(1): 587-599.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 429, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] Harahap, P., Rosmayati, R., Harahap, E. M., Harahap, D. E., Harahap, F.S. 2018. Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Tanaman Aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 5(3): 423- 427.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] Akuba, R.H. 2004. Profil Aren. Pengembangan Tanaman Aren. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aren. Tondano. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain, 9 Juni. pp. 1-9.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 525, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] Rindengan, B., Manaroinsong, E. 2009. Aren, Tanaman Perkebunan Penghasil Bahan Bakar Nabati (BBM). Di dalam: Effendi DS, Editor. Prospek Pengembangan Tanaman Aren (Arenga pinnata) , pp.15-21.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] Maliangkay, R.B., Yulianus Matana, Novalisa Lumentut, E. Manaroinsong. 2004. Budidaya Tanaman Aren. Pengembangan Tanaman Aren. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aren Tondano, 9 Juni 2004. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain. pp.131-137.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] Saleh, M.S., Samuddin, S. Bahry, S. 2007. Karakterisasi Pohon Induk Aren Sebagai Sumber Benih Unggul di Sulawesi Tengah. Laporan penelitian Hibah Bersaing Tahap II.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 429, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] Effendi, D.S. 2015. Prospek pengembangan tanaman aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) mendukung kebutuhan bioetanol di Indonesia. Perspektif, 9(1): 36-46.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 715, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] Saleh, M.S., Samudin, S., Bahry, S. 2006. Karakterisasi Morfologi Tanaman Aren di Sulawesi Tengah. J. Agrisains, 7(3): 143-149.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 748, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[16] Samudin, S., Saleh, M.S. 2009. Parameter genetik tanaman aren ( Arenga pinnata L. ). Agroland: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian, 16(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 429, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[17] Harahap, P., Harahap, M.K. Harahap, F.S. 2019. Identifikasi Karakter Fenotip Daun Tanaman Aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 6: 472-476.", "type": "List item" } ]
c454e971-e473-4551-f024-dbc01293df38	http://ejournal.universitasmahendradatta.ac.id/index.php/raadkertha/article/download/152/149	[ { "left": 172, "top": 88, "width": 271, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AKIBAT HUKUM SEWA BELI SEPEDA MOTOR", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 244, "top": 109, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DENGAN ANGSURAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 150, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh :", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 212, "top": 164, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I Gusti Lanang Agung Kesuma Jaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 178, "width": 305, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Program studi Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mahendradatta Jl. Ken Arok No. 12, Peguyangan Denpasar Utara, Bali 80115.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 205, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "([email protected])", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 256, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 285, "width": 448, "height": 273, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran lahir dari praktek kebiasaan masyarakat, yang sesuai dengan azas Hukum Perjanjian yang termuat didalam pasal 1338 KUH Perdata, sebagaimana diketahui BW menganut sistem bahwa perjanjian sewa beli itu hanya bersifat obligator saja, adapun hak milik baru berpindah dengan dilakukannya levering atau penyerahan. Adapun rumusan masalahnya adalah sebagai berikut Kapankah beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ? dan Bagaimanakah akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ?. Metode yang dipergunakan dengan melakukan penelitian lapangan terutama sewa beli motor dengan angsuran, dengan menggunakan data primer dan data skeunder. Beralihnya hak milik dari penjual lepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan memberikan hak dan meletakkan kewajiban pada kedua belah pihak, yaitu memberikan kepada si pembeli hak untuk menuntut diserahkannya hak milik atas barang tersebut. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran yaitu apabila terjadi lalai dari perjanjian maka barang tersebut dapat di ambil atau di eksekusi karena debitur Debitur tidak memenuhi prestasinya. Adapun kesimpulannya adalah beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran adalah apabila pembeli telah melunasi angsuran sepeda motor kepada penjual atau didalam perjanjian sewa beli barang bergerak dengan angsuran hak milik atas barang tersebut baru beralih dari tangan penjual kepada pembeli apabila telah lunas. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai dalam membayar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 257, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci ; Akibat hukum ; Sewa beli ; Angsuran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 597, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 445, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The lease purchase agreement with installments is born from the practice of the community, which is in accordance with the principle of Agreement Law contained in article 1338 of the Civil Code, as it is known BW adheres to the system that the lease agreement is only an obligator, while new ownership rights move by levering . The formulation of the problem is as follows When will the ownership of the seller switch to the buyer in the installment lease agreement? and what are the legal consequences if the buyer fails to pay", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 445, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "installments in the installment lease agreement? The method used by conducting field research is mainly motorbike rental purchases in installments, using primary data and secondary data. The transfer of ownership rights from the seller to the buyer in a lease agreement by giving rights and placing obligations on both parties, namely giving the buyer the right to demand the transfer of ownership rights to the item. Legal consequences if the buyer neglects to pay installments in an installment lease agreement, ie if there is a negligence of the agreement, the item can be taken or executed because the Debtor debtor does not fulfill his performance. The conclusion is the switching of ownership rights from the seller to the buyer in the installment lease agreement is if the buyer has paid off the motorcycle installments to the seller or in the lease agreement of movable goods with installments of the ownership of the goods has just switched from the seller's hand to the buyer when paid . Legal consequences if the buyer is negligent in paying.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords ; Because of law ; Rent buy ; Installments", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1.1. Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 206, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari manusia memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan berbagai macam cara, yang sudah tentunya tidak boleh bertentangan dengan norma kepatutan kesusilaan maupun hukum yang berlaku. Salah satu cara di dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup tersebut dengan mengadakan transaksi diantara manusia yang lainnya seperti tukar menukar, pinjam meminjam, sewa beli dan lain sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 583, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut diatas bahwa di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dewasa ini kita jumpai dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 672, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6 Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hukum Perdata Tentang Persetujuan- Persetujuan Tertentu, Cet. Ketujuh,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 290, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "praktek membeli barang secara mengangsur barang-barang tersebut bergerak tertentu seperti perabot rumah tangga maupun barang-barang lainnya misalnya TV, Sepeda Motor dan Mobil, yang merupakan salah satu kebutuhan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 443, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Wirjono Prodjodikoro menyebutkan bahwa : Hal ini sering terjadi dimasyarakat seorang membeli barang tidak mempunyai uang penuh untuk membayar harga pembelian sekaligus, dan ada keinginan supaya diizinkan membayar harga pembeli itu secara berangsur-angsur sedikit demi sedikit setiap bulan sebagian tertentu dari harga pembelian. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 672, "width": 206, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber Bandung (Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro I), hal. 65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 197, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran lahir dari praktek kebiasaan masyarakat, yang sesuai dengan azas Hukum Perjanjian yang termuat didalam pasal 1338 KUH Perdata yang sering disebut sifat terbuka yang pada hakekatnya memberikan kebebasan dalam hal membuat perjanjian yang tidak boleh bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum dan kesusilaan. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut RM. Suryodiningrat, bahwa : Penjual tidak menyerahkan hak milik atas barang yang dijualnya kepada pembeli dan pembeli membayar harganya secara angsuran setiap bulan atau setiap minggu, dan selama barang belum dibayar lunas, maka barang itu tetap milik penjual hal mana merupakan jaminan bagi penjual ... 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 497, "width": 206, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatnya R. Subekti, sejalan dengan pendapatnya M. Isa Arief, dalam bukunya Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Dagang, beliau menyebutkan bahwa harga barang dibayar dengan beberapa angsuran sedangkan barang-barang diserahkan pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 198, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7 Subekti, R, 1980, Pokok pokok Hukum Perdata, Intermasa Jakarta, hal 128. 8 Subekti, R. 1982, Aneka Perjanjian, Alumni Bandung, hal. 66", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "waktu membayar angsuran yang pertama dengan demikian miliknya sudah berpindah lebih dahulu, sedangkan harganya belum habis dibayar. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 179, "width": 206, "height": 342, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bertitik tolak dari pandangan para sarjana diatas dimana disatu pihak menyebutkan bahwa didalam sewa beli angsuran tersebut belum memindahkan hak milik atas obyek sewa beli sebelum harga barang yang diangsur pembayarannya itu dilunasi, disini dapat dikatakan berpindahnya hak milik pada saat perjanjian sewa beli angsuran itu ditutup atau dilunasi. Namun dilain pihak dari pandangan kedua memberikan suatu pandangan bahwa berpindahnya hak milik dari barang atau obyek sewa beli angsuran adalah seketika setelah barangnya diserahkan oleh penjual kepada pembeli, tetapi harga barang tersebut dapat diangsur atau dicicil pembayarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 539, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1.2. Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 567, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan melihat kenyataan yang penulis kemukakan dalam latar belakang masalah, maka penulis mengangkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 648, "width": 200, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 Isa Arief, 1979, Hukum Perdata, dan Hukum Dagang, Alumni Bandung, hal. 76-77", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "masalah yang berkaitan dengan sewa beli barang bergerak dengan jalan angsuran. Adapun rumusan masalahnya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kapankah beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Bagaimanakah akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "II. ISI MAKALAH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1. Metodelogi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.1. Jenis Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian emperis yaitu penelitian mengenai akibat hukum sewa beli sepeda motor dengan angsuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.2. Jenis Pendekatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 206, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sosiologis yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan terhadap fakta-fakta lapangan / masyarakat dan ditunjang dengan pendekatan yuridis yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pendekatan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan/hukum perdata", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 674, "width": 33, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(BW).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.3. Sumber Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 117, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Sumber Data Primer", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 137, "width": 188, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penulisan makalah ini data-data yang didapatkan bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan informan yang memahami tentang permasalahan sewa beli sepeda motor dengan angsuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 270, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Sumber Data sekunder", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 290, "width": 188, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penulisan ini dengan menggunakan data sekunder dimana data yang digunakan adalah hasil penelitian lapangan dengan membandingkan peraturan perundang- undangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 423, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.4. Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 451, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam teknik pengumpulan data penulis mengadakan wawancara kepada informan yang memahami permasalahan sewa beli sepeda motor dengan angsuran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 542, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.5. Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 571, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah data-data yang dibutuhkan terkumpul, maka data-data tersebut akan diolah dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik pengolahan data secara diskriptif analisis kuantitatif yaitu, yaitu dengan memilih data yang berkualitas untuk dapat menjawab permasalahan yang diajukan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "selanjutnya bahan hukum diolah dengan interpretasi. Dan untuk penyajiannya dilakukan secara deskriptif analisis kualitatif yaitu dengan menyusun secara sistimatis dari data yang ada kemudian dengan membutikan yang paling berkualitas dan setelah itu diolah sehingga diperoleh suatu kesimpulan yang ilmiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2. Pembahasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.1. Beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 311, "width": 171, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsruan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 206, "height": 260, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Seperti diketahui perjanjian jual- beli menurut sistem Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Perdata adalah bersifat obligator yakni jual-beli itu belum memindahkan hak milik, ia baru memberikan hak dan meletakkan kewajiban pada kedua belah pihak, yaitu memberikan kepada si pembeli hak untuk menuntut diserahkannya hak milik atas barang tersebut. Pemindahan hak milik baru akan terjadi apabila penyewa telah pelunasan terhadap kewajibannya sewa beli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 672, "width": 206, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10 Soetojo Prawiro Namidjojo.R, Marthalana Pohan, 1984, Bab-bab", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 259, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Disamping perjanjian sewa beli kita mengenal pula ada pemberian dan tukar menukar barang yang juga bertujuan untuk memindahkan hak milik, meskipun pada perjanjian jual-beli penjual hanya terikat secara obligator dan pembeli terikat secara pribadi, tetapi tujuan dari perjanjian jual-beli terletak pada pemindahan hak milik dari benda yang dijual dan oleh karena itu terjadilah perubahan dalam hubungan kebendaan, hal yang terakhir ini baru terjadi setelah direalisirnya perubahan itu. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 365, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian didalam kewajiban menyerahkan suatu barang meliputi segala seguatu yang menjadi pelengkapnya serta dimaksudkan bagi pemakaiannya yang tetap beserta surat-surat bukti miliknya jika itu ada. Dengan demikian maka penyerahan sebidang tanah meliputi pula penyerahan sertifikatnya dan penyerahan kendaraan bermotor meliputi BPKBnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 559, "width": 206, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan demikian yang ditentukan didalam memindahkan hak milik yang harus diserahkan kepada pembeli adalah suatu benda yang dapat dikuasai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 672, "width": 207, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tentang Hukum Benda, Cet. Pertama, PT. Bina Ilmu, Surabaya, Hal. 39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sepenuhnya tanpa dapat diganggu oleh siapapun sesuai dengan isi perjanjian sewa beli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 158, "width": 206, "height": 280, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian sewa beli yang terjadi antara konsumen dengan dealer Kendaraan sepeda motor, apabila pihak pembeli dengan dealer telah disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak atas dasare perjanjian, pembeli diberikan hak pakai sebelum perjanjian sewa beli lunas. Apabila sewa beli lunas pemebeli diberikan surat-surat seperti BPKB oleh dealer kendaraan sepeda motor, dengan beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli, maka pembeli sebagai penguasaan penuh hak atas kendaraan yang dibeli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 206, "height": 239, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh karena pembeli belum menjadi pemilik mutlak dari barang tersebut, didalam jual-beli yang normal atau biasa dengan diserahkannya atau dilakukan penyerahan dan sekaligus pembayaran dari barang tersebut oleh pembeli ia sudah menjadi pemilik dan sudah mempunyai kekuasaan penuh, dan ia dapat mempergunakan barang itu bahkan menjualnya ataupun menghibahkan kepada pihak lain tanpa ada gangguan dari penjual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Seperti telah disebutkan dalam membeli barang secara angsuran pembeli belum menjadi pemilik atas barang itu ia hanya mempunyai kekuasaan yang tidak penuh, oleh karenanya selama harga barang dibayar lunas oleh pembeli kepada penjual pihak pembeli tidak berhak untuk memindah tangankan, menjual atau menyewakan kepada pihak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 282, "width": 206, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Suatu permasalahan akan timbulnya bagaimana halnya kalau sebelum lunas pembayarannya pembeli telah meninggal dunia. Untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 386, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "demikian ahli waris dari yang meninggal dunia tahu apa yang menjadi hak dan kewajibannya sebagai ahli waris.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 456, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.2. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 518, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "angsuran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 547, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akibat hukum yang timbul terhadap debitur yang mengalami wanprestasi dalam suatu perjanjian dimana debitur tidak memenuhi kewajibannya, secara nyata dapatlah dilihat bahwa akibatnya tidak dapatnya perjanjian dipenuhi atau dilaksanakan secara benar, maka seorang kreditur tidak mendapat pemenuhan hak-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "haknya yang semestinya didapatkan sesuai dengan adanya perjanjian tersebut. Akibat- akibat yang diatur oleh hukum dalam suatu perjanjian adalah berupa sanksi-sanksi hukum penerapannya terdapat dalam KUH Perdata, sebagai peraturan formal yang mengatur perihal perjanjian-perjanjian beserta aspek yuridis lainnya. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 206, "height": 342, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dikenakannya sanksi hukum dalam suatu keadaan, wanprestasi pada suatu perjanjian sebagai ikatan disamping karena perjanjian merupakan suatu ikatan atau hubungan hukum adalah juga dikarenakan oleh dalam suatu perjanjian megandung asas obligatoir, yaitu meletakan hak dan kewajiban yang bertimbal balik. Konsekuensi dari atas obligatoir tersebut adalah jikalau salah satu pihak dalam perjanjian sebagaimana telah disepakatai, maka pihak dalam perjanjian sebagaimana telah disepakati, maka tidak dapat dibatalkan sepihak. Oleh Achmad Ichsan, asas obligator itu dikatakan sebagai segi-segi dalam perjanjian, sehingga menurut perjanjian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 192, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6 RM. Suryodiningrat, 1997, Asas-asas Hukum Perikatan, Transito, Bandung, hal. 18.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 195, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7 Achmad Uchsan,1977, Hukum Perdata, Pembimbing masa, Jakarta, hal.15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memiliki 2 (dua) segi yaitu segi pasif berupa kewajiban dan segi aktif berupa hak. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 158, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan segi pasifnya mempunyai 2 (dua) anasir lagi yakni kewajiban (schuld) dari debitur untuk melaksanakan suatu prestasi dan haftung atau tanggung jawab yuridis dari debitur atas kewajibannya. Dari dua anasir inilah kreditur dapat memaksa debitur untuk memenuhi kewajibannya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 332, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Prof. Purwahid Patrik, akibat hukum terhadap perjanjian karena wanprestasi, maka debitur harus :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 402, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Mengganti kerugian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 423, "width": 188, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Benda yang dijadikan objek dari perikatan sejak saat tidak dipenuhinya kewajiban menjadi tanggungjawab dari debitur;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 505, "width": 188, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Jika perikatan itu timbul dari perjanjian yang timbal balik, kreditur dapat minta pembatalan (putusan) perjanjian. 8", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 647, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8 Purwahid Patrik,1997,. “Dasar -Dasar Hukum Perikatan” , Bandar Maju, hal.11", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 342, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal tersebut juga dapat kita lihat dari penetapan pasal 1243KUH Perdata yang pada prinsipnya menentukan penggantian biaya, rugi dan bunga oleh pihak debitur baru dapat dilakukan, setelah debitur dinyatakan lalai karena tidak memenuhi isi perikatan. Para sarjana berpendapat agar melihat terlebih dahulu unsur-unsur yang harus diperhatikan sebelum seorang debitur dinyatakan dalam keadaan wanprestasi, karena wanprestasi (kelalaian) mempunyai akibat-akibat yang begitu penting, maka harus ditetapkan lebih dahulu apakah si berhutang melakukan wanprestasi atau lalai, dan kalau hal ini disangkal olehnya harus dibuktikan di muka hakim”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 207, "height": 239, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan dalam suatu perjanjian baik untuk menyerahkan atau berbuat sesuatu telah ditentukan dengan batas waktu, maka dengan lewatnya batas waktu pemenuhan kewajiban bagi debitur seketika itu pula debitur dapat dikatakan wanprestasi, karena dengan lewatnya tenggang waktu untuk memenuhi kewajiban seorang debitur tergolong lalai untuk memenuhi prestasinya. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan lalai dalam ketentuan pasal 1238 KUH Perdata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 86, "width": 206, "height": 137, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ditentukan bahwa : “Si berhutang adalah lalai, bila ia dengan surat perintah atau dengan sebuah akte sejenis itu ia telah dinyatakan lalai, atau demi perikatan sendiri menetapkan bahwa si berhutang akan terus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang telah ditentukan”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 241, "width": 206, "height": 404, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Apabila seorang debitur sudah diperingatkan atau sudah dengan tegas ditagih janjinya, seperti yang diterangkan di atas, maka jika ia tetap tidak melaksanakan prestasinya, ia berada dalam keadaan lalai atau alpa sehigga dapat dikatakan sebagai keadaan wanprestasi dan terhadapnya ia dapat diperlakukan sanksi-sanksi yuridis sebagai akibat hukum daripadanya. Sanksi-sanksi hukum sebagaimana dimaksud di atas, dalam pasal 1243 KUH Perdata ditentukan bahwa “penggantian biaya, rugi dan bunga karena tidak dipenuhinya suatu perikatan, barulah mulai diwajibkan apabila si berhutang setelah dinyatakan lalai memenuhi perikatannya, tetap melalaikannya atau jika sesuatu yang harus diberikan atau dibuat tenggang waktu yang telah dilampaukan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 663, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lain halnya dengan Abdulkadir Muhamad yang memberikan akibat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hukum bagi debitur yang wanprestasi, dibagi menjadi 5 (lima) yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 137, "width": 170, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Debitur diharuskan membayar ganti kerugian yang telah diberikan oleh kreditur;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 200, "width": 170, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Dalam perjanjian timbal balik (bilateral) wanprestasi dari satu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 241, "width": 170, "height": 114, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pihak, memberikan hak kepada pihak lainnya untuk membatalkan atau memutuskan perjanjian lewat hakim; - Resiko beralih kepada debitur", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 365, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sejak saat terjadinya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 386, "width": 153, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "wanprestasi. Ketentuan ini hanya berlaku bagi perikatan untuk memberikan sesuatu;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 448, "width": 170, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Membayar biaya perkara apabila diperkarakan dimuka hakim. Debitur yang terbukti melakukan wanprestasi tentu dikalahkan dalam perkara;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 551, "width": 170, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Memenuhi perjanjian disertai dengan pembayaran ganti", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 591, "width": 49, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kerugian. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Demikian halnya debitur harus bertanggung gugat tentang hal yang dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 206, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 Abdul Kadir Muhamad, 1982 , Hukum Perikatan, Alumni Bandung, hal.89", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dilakukan oleh kreditur menghadapi debitur yang wanprestasi adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 158, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Dapat menuntut pembatalan/pemutusan perjanjian;", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 208, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Dapat menuntut pemenuhan perjanjian;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 257, "width": 185, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Dapat menuntut pengganti kerugian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 306, "width": 185, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Dapat menuntut pembatalan dan pengganti kerugian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 356, "width": 185, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Dapat menuntut pemenuhan dan pengganti kerugian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 405, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tidak dipenuhinya kewajiban- kewajiban yang telah ditetapkan didalam perikatan baik perikatan yang timbul karena perjanjian maupun yang timbul karena perjanjian maupun yang timbul karena undang-undang itu ada dua kemungkinan yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 558, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Karena kesalahan debitur, baik karena kesangajaan maupun karena kelalaian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Karena keadaan memaksa, jadi diluar kemampuan debitur, debitur tidak bersalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keadaan-keadaan yang menentukan seorang dikatakan sengaja atau Ialai tidak memenuhi prestasi, antara lain ada 3 (tiga) keadaan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Debitur tidak memenuhi prestasi sama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 262, "width": 189, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sekali, artinya tidak memenuhi kewajiban yang telah disanggupinya untuk dipenuhi didalam suatu perjanjian atau tidak memenuhi kewajiban yang telah ditetapkan undangundang dalam perikatan yang timbul karena undangundang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Debitur memenuhi prestasi tetapi tidak betul atau keliru, disini debitur melaksanakan atau memenuhi prestasi apa yang dijanjikan atau apa yang ditentukan oleh undang-undang, tetapi tidak sebagaimana mestinya menurut yang ditentukan dalam perjanjian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Debitur memenuhi prestasi tetapi tidak tepat pada waktunya, disini debitur memenuhi prestasi tetapi terlambat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan demikian bagi debitur yang melakukan wanprestasi atau cidera janji akan membawa akibat hukum atau sanksi sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Debitur diharuskan membayar ganti kerugian yang telah diderita oleh kreditur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 150, "width": 206, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Dalam perjanjian timbal-balik, wanprestasi dari satu pihak memberikan hak kepada pihak lainnya untuk membatalkan atau memutuskan perjanjian lewat hakim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 254, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Resiko beralih kepada debitur sejak saat terjadinya wanprestasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 295, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Membayar biaya perkara apabila diperkarakan dimuka hakim.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 336, "width": 206, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Memenuhi perjanjian jika masih dapat dilakukan, atau pembatalan perjanjian disertai dengan pembayaran ganti kerugian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 419, "width": 206, "height": 198, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh undang-undang hal yang demikian itu ada demi hukum karena ada undang-undang yang mengaturnya, seperti sebagian besar mengenai peraturan- peraturan tentang persetujuan-persetujuan dimana peraturan itu merupakan peraturan pelengkap (aanvullend recht), maka para pihak yang bersangkutan dapat menyimpang dengan mengadakan perjanjian yang bermaksud demikian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 634, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Persoalan resiko adalah berpokok pangkal dari pada terjadinya suatu peristiwa diluar kesalahan salah satu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pihak, peristiwa semacam itu didalam hukum perjanjian disebut sebagai keadaan memaksa atau overmacht, karenanya persoalan resiko itu merupakan awal dari persoalan tentang keadaan memaksa yaitu suatu keadaan yang menyebabkan bahwa suatu hak atau kewajiban dalam suatu perhubungan hukum tidak dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 207, "height": 176, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keadaan memaksa ini dapat bersifat absolut dan relatif. Keadaan memaksa dikatakan bersifat mutlak atau absolut bilamana keadaan memaksa tersebut mengakibatkan bahwa suatu hak atau kewajiban dalam perhubungan hukum sama sekali tidak dapat dilaksanakan oleh siapapun dan bagaimanapun juga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 207, "height": 177, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan keadaan memaksa dikatakan bersifat relatif apabila oleh keadaan itu pelaksanaan hak dan kewTajiban pada suatu perhubungan hukum tidak dapat dihilangkan sama sekali dan tidak dapat terjadi bagaimanapun juga, akan tetapi sukarnya dan dengan pengorbanan dari yang harus melaksanakan sedemikian rupa, sehingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 672, "width": 204, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10 Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981, Asas-asas Hukum Perdata, Sumur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "patutlah bahwa keharusan untuk melaksanakan hak dan kewajiban yang bersangkutan dianggap lenyap. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 158, "width": 83, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "III. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 187, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 216, "width": 206, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah diuraikan secara pokok- pokok mengenai perjanjian sewa beli secara angsuran barang bergerak, maka sebagai penutup dari uraian sampailah kepada kesimpulan dan saransaran sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 348, "width": 206, "height": 301, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran adalah apabila pembeli telah melunasi angsuran sepeda motor kepada penjual atau didalam perjanjian sewa beli barang bergerak dengan angsuran hak milik atas barang tersebut baru beralih dari tangan penjual kepada pembeli setelah dilunasi atau ditutupnya angsuran tersebut oleh pembeli, dan seketika itu pula penjual menyerahkan hak milik kepada pembeli sehingga pembeli dapat berbuat bebas atas barang tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 672, "width": 206, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bandung, (Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro II), hal. 63.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 218, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai dalam membayar angsuran sewa beli sepeda motor adalah : Pembeli diberikan surat peringatan sebanyak tiga kali, Apabila ternyata pembeli tidak memenuhi kewajibannya, maka penjual berhak untuk menarik kembali sepeda motor yang telah di terima oleh pembeli. Sedangkan uang angsuran yang telah dibayarkan oleh pembeli tidak dapat diminta kembali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.2. Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 207, "height": 198, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Oleh karena perjanjian sewa beli barang bergerak dengan angsuran sangat membantu perekonomian khususnya dibidang transaksi sewa beli, agar hal tersebut meyakinkan dan memberikan kepastian hukum kepada masing-masing pihak hendaknyalah didalam usaha pembentukan Hukum Perjanjian Nasional nantinya mendapat pengaturan yang tersendiri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 551, "width": 188, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan mampu memperkecil hal-hal yang negatif.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Mengingat perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran lahir dari praktek kebiasaan masyarakat hendaknya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 655, "width": 188, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "didalam pemenuhan rasa keadilan didalam menanggung resiko yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 88, "width": 188, "height": 115, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "timbul diluar kesalahan para pihak, janganlah selalu dibebankan kepada pembeli yang belum menjadi pemilik barang tersebut, namun hendaknya diadakan pembagian menanggung resiko yang sama diantara para pihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 233, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR BACAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 262, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abdulkadir Muhammad, 1982, Hukum Perikatan, Alumni Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 311, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Achmad Uchsan,1977, Hukum Perdata,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 332, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembimbing masa, Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 360, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Isa Arief, 1979, Hukum Perdata, dan Hukum Dagang, Alumni Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 407, "width": 208, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Purwahid Patrik,1997,. “Dasar-Dasar Hukum Perikatan” , Bandar Maju", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 459, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Soetojo Prawiro Namidjojo.R, Marthalana Pohan, 1984, Bab-bab Tentang Hukum Benda, Cet. Pertama, PT. Bina Ilmu, Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 550, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Subekti, R, 1980, Pokok pokok Hukum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 571, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perdata, Intermasa Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 599, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Subekti, R. 1982, Aneka Perjanjian,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 620, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alumni Bandung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 649, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Suryodiningrat, 1997, Asas-asas Hukum Perikatan, Transito, Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981, Asas-asas Hukum Perdata, Sumur Bandung,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 88, "width": 409, "height": 115, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro II) Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981, Hukum Perdata Tentang Persetujuan- Persetujuan Tertentu, Cet. Ketujuh, Sumber Bandung (Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro I)", "type": "Table" } ]
98ba036e-1e93-5b00-b746-abeb62e0be58	http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/download/384/269	[ { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 183, "top": 123, "width": 231, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adolescent’ Experiences Using Pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 150, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariyati, Eva Zuliana, Arifianto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 161, "width": 430, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Widya Husada Semarang, Jln. Subali Raya No. 12 Krapyak Semarang Jawa Tengah, Indonesia 50146 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 208, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 444, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The experience of teenagers using pornography in Semarang City has greatly increased. Many teenagers don’t understand what the harm use pornography harm. The impacts that occur include difficulty concentrating, not focusing while studying, daydreaming, hallucinations, increased sexual appetite with masturbation and masturbation. Adolescents become more precocious and they had sex before marriage. This study aims to explore the experiences of adolescents who access pornography at SMA Setia Budhi Semarang City. The sampling technique used purposive sampling to determine the appropriate sample, namely adolescents who accessed pornographic media for more than 2 months. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive phenomenology approach. Obtained data saturation in the fifth participant. Data collection through in-depth interviews (in depth interviews) and field notes (field notes). Researcher's data analysis was carried out after and during the study and the validity of the data by using member checking. This study resulted in 4 themes, namely the supporting factors for adolescents in using pornography, increasing the frequency of using pornography, the response of adolescents when using pornography, and the perceived impact of using pornography. The main reason why teenagers access pornography is due to the invitation of their friends and their own desires, so that the desire to access pornography appears continuously. This results in adolescents having difficulty concentrating, learning problems, difficulty sleeping and the desire to try and imitate seen sexual behavior.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 415, "width": 217, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : phenomenology; pornography; teenagers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 439, "width": 376, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "First Received 18 December 2020 Revised 24 December 2020 Accepted 28 January 2020 Final Proof Received 08 February 2021 Published 21 February 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite (in APA style)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 495, "width": 444, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariyati, M., Zuliana, E., & Arifianto, A. (2021). Adolescent’ Experiences Using Pornography. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 3(1), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v3i1.384", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 546, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The rapid advancement of technology has an impact on the lives of teenagers. The role of information technology or electronic media, especially the internet, has made the world more accessible. The internet has the ability to inform various world events continuously for 24 hours (A. Kurniawan, 2018). Current technology devices make it easy for its users to enjoy application features related to social media. Pornography in mass media includes videos and photos of women dressed in sexy or unclothed clothes, writings depicting sexual relations in various print media, sex scenes in cinema films, web videos and video player. Likewise, youtube with various pornographic shows which are mostly accessed by teenagers (Nugroho, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 698, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study showed that print and electronic media with pornographic content have a significant influence with adolescent sexual behavior as indicated by the Sig. 0,000 or <0.05 (Ambarsari, 2018). According to Ibrahim et al, in 2018 the reason underlying teenagers using pornography among teenagers wants to get pleasure and increase their sexual desire. About 20% children and adolescents suffer from mental and behavioral disorders due to exposure to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 34, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 52, "width": 347, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3 Number 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 e-ISSN 2715-1972 ; p-ISSN 2714-9749 http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 56, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 457, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pornography (Haney, 2004). Based on the stud about Behavioral Cognitive Therapy and Self- Help Group Therapy to Deal with Adolescent Anxiety with Pornography Addiction. These mental disorders include anxiety as much as 13%, behavior disorders as much as 16% and emotional disorders as much as 6.2% which occurs at the age of 9-17 years. In addition, adolescents also experience depression, have suicidal thoughts, compulsive behavior, addiction and even criminal behavior. The more serious impacts are sexually transmitted diseases, HIV / AIDS, unwanted pregnancy and mental disorders in adolescents themselves (Yati & Aini, 2018). The prevalence in Indonesia is 80% of internet users. According to data in Central Java, the prevalence of adolescents using pornography has increased every year. In 2017 there were 94% of teenagers and an increase in 2018 by 98%. Data in the city of Semarang, the number of adolescents exposed to pornography is 34.7% (Mariyati et al., 2018). Accessing pornography is a deviant behavior, because it is expected to be the basis for making policies related to the use of social media in students as well as supporting government policies related to efforts to combat cases of sexual deviation (Siyoto et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study showed more men access pornography than women, namely 78 men (65%) and 42 women (35%). Based on the education level of junior high school (SMP) adolescents, namely 63 people (52.5%) and SMA (51 people (42.5%) and there are 3 elementary school (SD) levels and college 3 people (2.5%) (Pahlawan & Wijayanti, 2018). There is a relationship between dating and exposure to pornography (A. Kurniawan, 2018). Since the purpose of this study to explore the experiences of adolescents using pornography, so this research used a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The importance of this research is to provide knowledge to adolescents about the impact using pornography and the importance of the role of parents to assist children in their development process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The method used in this research is a qualitative research method through a descriptive phenomenology approach. This study explores the experiences of adolescents who access pornography with the aim of learning everything related to their experiences. This study was done in June-August 2020 at SMA Setia Budhi Semarang City. The study population was adolescents who had accessed pornography, based on information from the counseling guidance teacher, there were 12 students who were recorded as having accessed pornography while at school. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, namely adolescents who had accessed at least 2 months in order to be able to tell their experiences. Data collection by in-depth interviews. In the data analysis process, data saturation was obtained in the fifth participant. Data analysis was carried out by transcribing data, identifying important statements and keywords, categorizing keywords into categories, concluding categories into meaningful themes. The study was conducted after an ethical test at the Health Research Ethics Committee with Number 05 / EC-LPPM / UWHS / I-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 159, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS Characteristics of participants", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study involved 5 participants who sharing their experiences of using pornography. The characteristics of the participants are described in table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 83, "width": 410, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Characteristics of participants based on age, sex and religion. No Initial Code Age Gender 1. Sdr. Ah P1 16 years old Male 2. Sdr. Ad P2 15 years old Male 3. Sdr. Ri P3 17 years old Male 4. Sdr. Sa P4 16 years old Male 5. Sdr. Cin P5 17 years old Woman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 210, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1 shows that 80% of the participants are male, the range of age is 15-17 years, so that all participants can be concluded that they are in the adolescent development phase.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 248, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme of Research", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 261, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study resulted in 4 themes, namely the supporting factors for adolescents in using pornography, increasing the frequency of using pornography, the response of adolescents when using pornography, and the perceived impact of using pornography. The description of each theme is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 327, "width": 338, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 1 : Supporting Factors for Adolescent Using Pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 340, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants said that they have known pornographic media for a long time, some have just met from their friends and some know from the advertising media or the timeline. This theme is formed from several categories and keywords as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 382, "width": 456, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accidentally saw porn media \"See the sexy body on the timeline, accidentally\" (P1) \"When I opened my parents' cellphone, it turned out that there were pictures of one sister ...\" (P2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 451, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Invite peers", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 464, "width": 381, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I know porn shows from my friend's father and open a porn application\" (P3) From the google application site then watch it together with friends \"(P5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 506, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Self-curiosity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 520, "width": 388, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I was curious about what porn was like, then I looked for the application\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 557, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 2: Adolescent response when using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 571, "width": 456, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "When using pornography, the response felt by adolescents was different. Adolescents experience unusual feelings, shock, disgust, nervousness, the blood in the body suddenly warms up, and dreams. This theme is explained by participant statements as follows: Feelings that arise", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If you see the sexy one immediately excited, her body suddenly gets warm\" (P2) \"Ahhh it's normal to see that, because now many people wear clothes that open like that\" (P5) b. Imagine \"So many banyangin no- no, as I see it\" (P3) \"Then imagine, for example, I was with my girlfriend, delicious like that\" (P2) \"Sometimes I feel like what I watch, eventually my semen comes out\" (P1) c. Shocked and disgusting", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 723, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Wow, how come it turns out like that, I didn't expect and I was surprised that there was such a spectacle\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Gradually disgusted myself to see that, dizzy myself\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Shame and fear of sin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 97, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If you look at having sex, it's really disgusting, like you want to throw up. And I'm embarrassed too, how come I see it, sometimes I'm afraid of sins \"P5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 3: Increased use to pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Initially the participants were curious and joined in using pornographic content. But over time, there was a desire to access pornographic content until it became a necessity. This theme is explained by participant statements as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 207, "width": 448, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Participants said the situation when using pornography. Starting from the intention and the situation is safe \"(P1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 249, "width": 431, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If I have the opportunity to watch pornographic videos, the opportunity is if I am alone\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 276, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If I want to see porn videos at night before going to bed and my family situation is all sleeping\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 318, "width": 381, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Through the Yandex website, rarely ...., maybe only 2 to 3 times a month \"(P5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 346, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 4: Impact of using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 359, "width": 446, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pornography causes adolescents to have learning problems, lazy to socialize, have problems with their parents, change their appearance, behavior and increase their sexual needs. This is evidenced by the following participant statements:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 414, "width": 103, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problems in learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 428, "width": 436, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Lack of focus on school, lazy to study ..\" (P1) \"I don't concentrate during lessons, if I always daydream and imagine the videos I watch\" (P2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 483, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Change in appearance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 497, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"In the past, my appearance was normal ... and since I knew porn, my appearance changed a little to make it more attractive\" (P1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 539, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lack of socialization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 447, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I tend to close myself more and like to be at home, because the situation is very supportive\" (P1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Increased sexual activity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 361, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I tried that with my girlfriend ...\" (P2) \"I often have dirty thoughts when I see objects that lead to sexuality.\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 663, "width": 348, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 1: Supporting Factors for Adolescent in Using Pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The participants said that the way to access pornography from peers was to know and be invited from school friends, my friend sent me videos via Bluetooth, and via my friend's father's laptop. The study showed that the greater the negative influence of peers, the more adolescents have a tendency to behave sexually at risk. That boys are more risk of having sexual behavior than girls. Male is more aggressive, open, persistent and overt sexual behavior and find it difficult to hold back than girls. Adolescents who have low knowledge have a greater chance of having risky sexual behavior than adolescents who have high", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "knowledge. The category of pornography access in Kalipare MTS X are mostly classified as rare as 72.5%, while the good category was 25.7%, and the category never is 1.8% (Siyoto et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study about The Effect of Exposure to Pornography and Peer Media on Adolescent Sex Behavior. The Beginning of How to Access Pornography on peers from their closest friends and the environment around the teenager, including school friends, hanging out friends, and the home environment, Incidents of using pornography in online schools using learning applications and web advertisements that contain pornographic images, examples of news Finally, this teenager apparently wanted to know about pornographic images that were not supervised by her parents while studying (Pujiati & Handayani, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 249, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants have explained that the initial method of using pornography is usually with school friends or close friends in their environment. That in their environment teenagers like to hang out at the patrol post with their friends and various stories to discuss how to access pornography, while school friends are one of the teenagers who know how to using pornography and then invite other friends to watch together during class breaks. The current digital era internet users increasing widely and easily. This is evidenced by more people using digital tools such as smartphones and tablet to access any information via the internet. In addition to bringing a good impact in the form of easier communication with anyone and anywhere, but it also appears the various harms are not inevitable, especially for children and young people. Advances in technology have nowadays made it easy for teens to obtain information from the mass media. Information such as this tends to be adolescent sexual problems on pilings and sexual behavior that is not responsible, such as advertising porn and porn movie very much found on the internet (Putri et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 2: Adolescent response when using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants said that their feelings when using pornography were undecided, daydreaming, imagining, and very curious. This study are supported by previous research that the sense of using pornography, curiosity is higher, wants to experience sex, imagines wanting to do it with their partner, afraid to access pornography caught with parents. Participants have mentioned the feelings when using pornography that the teenagers feel want to know more. Some teenagers have even more extreme imaginations, and dream of having sex with their partners (Ningsih, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 566, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the interview participants said that the feeling after using pornography was that they were afraid of being caught by their parents and there was no feeling of exaggeration. The previous study about the Relationship of Religiosity with the Intensity of Using Pornography on Students of Hasyim Asy'ari Pekalongan High School. A teenager begins to care about sexual attraction and begins to feel the feeling between love and lust so that the interest and sensitivity regarding sexuality is very great. Adolescents was attracted to find and explore related to sexuality (Puspitasari et al., 2019). Pornographic sites circulating on the internet are increasingly prevalent and make it easier for a teenager to fulfill his curiosity about sexuality. That the internet can make it easier for someone to access various sites according to their wants and needs. On other side, the internet network can make it easier for a person to access information quickly, but it will have a bad impact if the internet network is used to access inappropriate sites such as pornography, causing addiction and will emerge with feelings of pleasure and satisfaction after seeing porn scenes causing adolescents.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 56, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 456, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants have mentioned feelings after using pornography that there are no feelings that are very excessive and some are very excessive, when watching pornography at night they are afraid of suddenly being caught by their parents, feeling very good, the average level of teenage curiosity is higher and wants to access more pornography large.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 218, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 3: Increased using to pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 166, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Time and situation when using pornography obtained from in-depth interviews. The results of the interview participants stated that when they access pornography via the internet, they are usually accessed when the house is quiet. The previous study about Relationship of Intensity at Access to Pornography and Adolescent Sexuality. That teenagers usually access these negative content when they are alone, not around many people and in the absence of parents (Purnomo, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 262, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to (Hilton & Watts, 2011), a neurological study of addiction suggests that not only do the chemical changes in the brain that are known to occur at the beginning of an addiction, but the anatomy and pathological changes could also occur, resulting in hypofrontality syndrome. This syndrome included: compulsively, impulsively, and emotional. Impassivity is the root of addiction that can eventually harm if it doesn’t put into the processing of the right frontal lobe. Individuals with a sexual addiction have been known to relieve their sexual impulses by means of the consumption of pornography and may experience a lot of non- physical consequences of sexual addiction through the consumption of pornography (Reid, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 401, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participant explained that they used pornography when alone and without their parents at home. The results of the interview participants said that the situation when using pornography is usually when they are not around many people. The previous study about The Relationship between Using Porn Sites through the Media and Sexual Behavior. The definition of sexual is behavior that arises because of sexual urges. This sexual behavior is all behavior with the opposite sex or with the same sex. That using this sexual material is for curiosity or for entertainment and is satisfied with the availability of the desired sexual material. Based on the results of interviews with participants, it started with the intention and the situation was safe, when the hours were empty or there were no lessons, when the house was quiet, and my family was all sleeping (W. P. Kurniawan, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 4: Impact using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 566, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the interview participants said that the style or way of dressing began to change to become more attractive. The study showed that pornography is a cause of socialization, has a widespread impact on cultural beliefs about women and sexual roles (Dusra, 2017). The previous study about The Relationship of Self-Control with the Change in Behavioral Tendency of Using Porn Sites in Adolescents. One of the tasks of adolescent development is the formation of new and more mature relationships with the opposite sex, and playing an appropriate role with their sex. A teenager faces developmental tasks related to physical changes and social roles that are happening to him. The tasks of development include accepting their (changing) physical condition and utilizing them with peers of any gender, accepting their respective sexual roles (male or female) and preparing for marriage and family life (Leonardhi, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants said they were more attractive, and paid attention to their lifestyle. That teenagers are starting to open up to new things that are more attractive, such as dressing in a sexy or feminine way. That lifestyle is from human needs that can change depending on the times or", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "someone's desire to change his lifestyle. Because teenagers are more willing to try and imitate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 124, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The participants stated that the change in attitudes towards pornographic media referred to in this study is promiscuity with their environment, self-isolation from parents, and confining themselves in the room. The results of this study are the same as the results of the journal Mawaddah in 2017 Changes in Attitudes of Adolescent towards Using Pornography. In the journal, it is stated that the attitude of one of the most disturbing things is the problem of lazy change with learning activities, locking yourself in a room, and promiscuity. Previous study showed 3 distinct pornography-use profiles emerged: nonproblematic low- frequency pornography use (68-73% of individuals), nonproblematic high- frequency pornography use (19- 29% of individuals), and problematic high-frequency use (3- 8% of individuals). Nonproblematic and problematic high- frequency-use groups showed differences in several constructs (ie, hypersexuality, depressive symptoms, boredom susceptibility, self-esteem, uncomfortable feelings regarding pornography, and basic psychological needs) (Tóth-király et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 318, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The previous study about the Effect of Pornography on Knowledge and Behavior of Sexual Attitudes in Cerbon Mandiri High School Students. That this attitude is a tendency to behave in response to changes in the environment. In support of information through interviews and observations of students at the school, it is possible that pornographic media will influence sexual behavior, including the level of knowledge and attitudes about sexuality so that adolescents can apply their attitudes and behaviors in everyday life (Media et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 414, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The average teenager likes to shut himself off, have promiscuity, and shut himself up. The results of the participant interview stated that the change in adolescent behavior became a more closed person and withdrew from the environment. The teenagers access pornographic sites as entertainment, curiosity, to fill their spare time, and so that they are not said to be outdated in using pornographic sites supported by gadget and wifi technology. Adolescent behavior in using pornographic sites is an activity that is formed as a result of repeated habituation. Using pornographic sites by teenagers cannot be separated from the influence of the environment which includes their peer environment, as well as the neglect of their parents. In addition, compensation for parental attention and affection in the form of material enables teenagers to routinely access pornographic sites for hours by utilizing their spare time (Anam, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 580, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adolescent behavior is the occurrence of imitation of concern. The events in pornographic videos suggest and stimulate young people to imitate or practice what they see. That the behavior of using pornographic sites is a major factor in teenage premarital sexual behavior, such as the influence of personal friends, the environment, and lack of communication with parents (Nugroho, 2016). Perceived addiction to Internet pornography predicted psychological distress above and beyond pornography use itself and other relevant variables (e.g., socially desirable responding, neuroticism). The study revealed a relationship between perceived addiction to Internet pornography and psychological distress over time, even when controlling for baseline psychological distress and pornography use (Grubbs et al., 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 718, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the research results obtained from the Exploration of Experiences on Adolescents Using Pornography at Setia Budhi High School, Semarang City, at first knowing that there were two kinds of access to pornography, namely peers and the internet. The internet is what", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 56, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is often used to access pornography for teenagers. Teenagers often use the internet to access pornography from web advertisements, ads that often appear on google, timeline, and google applications. There are two responses of adolescents who access pornography, namely feelings after using pornography and feelings when using pornography that is felt by the dean, daydreaming, imagining, being very curious, afraid of being caught by parents, and there is no feeling of exaggeration. Teenagers are increasingly using pornography because of their wants and needs. This has an impact on changes in appearance, changes in attitude, changes in behavior, and cognitive changes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 207, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 221, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ambarsari, P. I. (2018). Peran Media Dengan Konten Pornografi. Publikasi Ilmiah . http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/70837", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 259, "width": 314, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anam, K. (2015). Perilaku Remaja Mengakses Situs Pornografi .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 282, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dusra, E. (2017). Pengaruh Media Internet terhadap Perilaku Menyimpang Remaja di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Maros. Perintis’s Health Journal , 5 , 30–42. https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/5610/1/ERNA DUSRA.pdf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 334, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Grubbs, J. B., Stauner, N., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., & Lindberg, M. J. (2015). Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography and Psychological Distress: Examining Relationships Concurrently and Over Time. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors , 29 (4), 1056–1067. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000114", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 457, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Haney, J. M. (2004). Teenagers and Pornography Addiction : Treating the Silent Epidemic . 49–52.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 451, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilton, D. L., & Watts, C. (2011). Pornography addiction: A neuroscience perspective. Surgical Neurology International , 2 , 19. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.76977", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurniawan, A. (2018). 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Paparan Pornografi dari Media Sosial dan Perilaku Berpacaran SMK X . http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/53990/1/RICHO AGUNG NUGROHO - FKIK.pdf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 158, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pahlawan, R., & Wijayanti, A. C. (2018). Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Paparan Media Massa dengan Perilaku Pacaran Remaja. Kes Mas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat , 12 (1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.12928/kesmas.v12i1.6908", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 210, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pujiati, E., & Handayani, D. S. (2018). Pengaruh Paparan Media Pornografi dan Teman Sebaya Terhadap Perilaku Seks Remaja Kabupaten Kudus. 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1fc6a0db-f8e7-15fd-5437-72462db67488	https://jurnal.polibatam.ac.id/index.php/JAAT/article/download/1190/720	[ { "left": 74, "top": 45, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 45, "width": 56, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article History", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 56, "width": 123, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, March 2019, 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 56, "width": 84, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received March, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 67, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2548-9925", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 67, "width": 84, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accepted March, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 152, "width": 412, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Karakteristik Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit (Studi Kasus pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di Surakarta)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 263, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lintang Kurniawati a , Nur Kholis b,* dan Hestin Mutmainah c", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 276, "width": 433, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, [email protected], Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 299, "width": 335, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surakarta, [email protected], Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 310, "width": 331, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surakarta, [email protected], Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 353, "width": 462, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of auditor characteristics (competence, independence and accountability) on audit quality. Respondents from this study were auditors of the public accountant office in Surakarta consisting of 45 respondents, the research method used in this study was purposive sampling and tested using multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that competence and accountability influence audit quality, this shows that the more competent an auditor and auditor who has good accountability will affect the quality of the audited, while Independence does not affect audit quality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 425, "width": 246, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: competence, independence, accountability, audit quality", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 465, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 489, "width": 218, "height": 216, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kantor akuntan publik merupakan sebuah organisasi yang bergerak di bidang jasa. Jasa yang diberikan KAP dapat berupa jasa audit kepatuhan, audit operasional, dan audit laporan keuangan (Arens & Loebbecke, 2003). Berdasarkan Buku Direktori 2017 mengenai KAP dan AP tercatat jumlah anggota IAPI adalah sebanyak 3.657 orang yang terdiri dari AP 1.215 orang, rekan non AP sebanyak 43 orang, pemegang CPA non AP sebanyak 767 orang. Staf KAP dan anggota perorangan lainnya sebanyak 1.632 orang. Para anggota IAPI tersebut bekerja di 523 KAP, yaitu 397 Kantor pusat dan 126 kantor cabang di seluruh Indonesia, serta bekerja di perusahaan dan berbagai instansi pemerintah atau lembaga. Sebagian anggota IAPI pemegang izin Akuntan Publik juga terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), sektor pasar modal sebanyak 607 orang yang tergabung dalam Forum Akuntan Pasar Modal atau (FAPM). Sedangkan sebagian Akuntan Publik lainnya terdaftar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 727, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 312, "top": 465, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "di OJK sektor perbankan berjumlah 355 orang, dan sektor IKNB sebanyak 218 orang sementara jumlah KAP yang terdaftar di Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia adalah sebanyak 169 KAP. Kantor Akuntan Publik tersebut tersebar di daerah-daerah Indonesia, untuk di kota Surakarta sendiri pada tahun 2017 terdapat 20 KAP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 546, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampai saat ini tidak mudah untuk mengukur kualitas jasa secara objektif dengan berbagai indikator. Hal ini karena kualitas jasa adalah sebuah konsep yang sulit dipahami dan kabur, sehingga kerap kali terdapat kesalahan dan menentukan sifat dan kualitasnya (Parasuraman, et al dalam Nurchasanah dan Rahmawati (2003)).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 626, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas audit merupakan hal penting yang harus dipertahankan oleh para auditor dalam proses pengauditan. Jika seorang auditor melaksanakan pekerjaannya secara profesional maka audit yang disajikan akan berkualitas (De Angelo, 1981). AAA Finance Accounting Standart Commitee (2000) dalam Christiawan (2002) menyatakan bahwa: “kualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "59", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "audit ditentukan oleh dua hal, yaitu kompetensi (keahlian) dan independensi, kedua hal tersebut berpengaruh langsung terhadap auditor dan secara profesional saling mempengaruhi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 176, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain itu untuk dapat memenuhi kualitas audit yang baik maka auditor dalam menjalankan profesinya sebagai pemeriksa harus berpedoman pada kode etika akuntan. Standar profesi dan standar akuntansi keuangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Akuntan publik atau auditor independen dalam menjalankan tugasnya harus memegang prinsip- prinsip profesi. IAI mengatakan bahwa audit yang dilakukan auditor dikatakan berkualitas, jika memenuhi standar auditing dan standar pengendalian mutu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 303, "width": 218, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurangnya independensi auditor dan maraknya manipulasi akuntansi membuat kepercayaan para pemakai laporan keuangan mulai menurun sehingga pemakai laporan keuangan seperti investor dan kreditor mempertanyakan eksistensi akuntan publik sebagai pihak independen. Oleh karena itu sikap mental independen harus dimiliki oleh setiap auditor. Auditor harus independen dari setiap kewajiban atau independen dari pemilikan kepentingan dalam perusahaan yang diaudit. Auditor tidak hanya berkewajiban mempertahankan sikap mental independen, tetapi juga harus menghindari keadaan- keadaan yang dapat mengakibatkan masyarakat merasakan independensinya (Arifah, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 464, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kompetensi dan independensi yang dimiliki auditor dalam penerapannya akan terkait dengan etika. Akuntan mempunyai kewajiban untuk menjaga standar perilaku etis tertinggi mereka kepada organisasi di mana mereka bernaung, profesi mereka, masyarakat dan diri mereka sendiri di mana akuntan memiliki tanggung jawab menjadi kompeten dan untuk menjaga integritas dan objektifitas mereka (Nugrahaningsih, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 567, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karakteristik auditor yang juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas audit adalah akuntabilitas. Apa dan bagaimana tingkat akuntabilitas individu mempengaruhi kualitas hasil pekerjaan dan interaksinya dengan faktor atau variabel lain, pada dasarnya masih belum jelas dan masih kontradiktif. Kennedy (1993) memperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa tinggi rendahnya akuntabilitas seorang individu dapat mengurangi terjadinya perbedaan persepsi untuk belajar M.B.A tetapi tidak pada auditor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 682, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang di atas maka pertanyaan penelitian yang akan disampaikan dalam penelian ini adalah menguji pengaruh kompetensi, independensi dan akuntabilitas terhadap kualitas audit KAP di Surakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kajian Literatur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 154, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kompetensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 177, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lee dan Stone (1995) mendefinisikan kompetensi sebagai suatu keahlian yang cukup secara eksplisit dapat digunakan untuk melakukan audit secara objektif. Hasil penelitian Bonner (1990) menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mengenai spesifik tugas membantu kinerja auditor berpengalaman melalui komponen pemilihan dan pembobotan bukti hanya pada saat penetapan risiko analitis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 269, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "De Angelo (1981) dalam Kartika Widhi (2005) memproksikan kompetensi ke dalam dua komponen yaitu pengetahuan dan pengalaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 310, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Pengetahuan Pengetahuan diukur dari seberapa tinggi pendidikan seorang auditor karena dengan demikian auditor akan mempunyai semakin banyak pengetahuan (pandangan) mengenai bidang yang digelutinya sehingga dapat mengetahui berbagai masalah secara lebih mendalam. Selain itu, auditor akan lebih mudah dalam mengikuti perkembangan yang semakin kompleks (Meinhard et al, 1987).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 413, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk melakukan tugas pengauditan, auditor memerlukan pengetahuan pengauditan (umum dan khusus) dan pengetahuan mengenai bidang pengauditan, akuntansi dan industri klien. Secara umum ada lima jenis pengetahuan yang harus dimiliki auditor yaitu (1) pengetahuan umum, (2) area fungsional, (3) isu akuntansi, (4) industri khusus, (5) pengetahuan bisnis umum serta penyelesaian masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 511, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Pengalaman Menurut Loecher (2002) dalam Elfarini (2007) pengalaman merupakan akumulasi gabungan dari semua yang diperoleh melalui berhadapan dan berinteraksi secara berulang-ulang dengan sesama benda alam, keadaan, gagasan, dan penginderaan. Pengetahuan auditor tentang audit akan semakin berkembang dengan bertambahnya pengalaman kerja. Pengalaman kerja akan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya komplesitas kerja (Herliansyah dan Meifida, 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 650, "width": 56, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 673, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi merupakan terjemahan kata independence yang berasal dari bahasa Inggris yang artinya “dalam keadaan independen”, adapun arti kata independen bermakna “tidak tergantung” atau dikendalikan oleh orang lain atau benda, tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mendasarkan pada diri pada orang lain, bertindak atau berpikir sesuai denga kehendak hati, bebas dari pengendalian orang lain, tidak dipengaruhi oleh orang lain, tidak dipengaruhi oleh orang lain. Menurut Arens et al. (2008:111), independensi dalam audit berarti mengambil sudut pandang yang tidak biasa. Independensi sangat penting bagi auditor untuk dijaga dalam melaksanakan tanggung jawabnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 222, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Halim (2008:46), independensi merupakan suatu cerminan sikap dari seseorang auditor untuk tidak memilih pihak siapapun dalam melakukan audit. Independensi adalah pandangan yang tidak berprasangka dan tidak memihak dalam melakukan tes-tes audit, evaluasi dan hasil-hasilnya, dan penerbitan laporan, dan merupakan alasan utama kepercayaan masyarakat (Wirakusumah dan Agoes 2003:8).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 326, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Supriyono (1998) dalam Wati dan Subroto (2003) telah melakukan penelitian mengenai independensi auditor di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi independensi auditor yaitu (1) ikatan keputusan keuangan dan hubungan usaha dengan klien; (2) persaingan antar KAP; (3) pemberian jasa lain selain jasa audit; (4) lama penugasan audit; (5) besar kantor audit; dan (6) besarnya audit fee .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 441, "width": 56, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 465, "width": 218, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum akuntabilitas adalah istilah untuk menggambarkan tingkat pertanggungjawaban seseorang atau lembaga tertentu yang berhubungan dengan sistem administrasi yang dimiliki. Menurut Rasul (2002:8), akuntabilitas adalah kemampuan memberi jawaban kepada mayoritas yang lebih tinggi atas tindakan seseorang atau sekelompok orang terhadap masyarakat luas dalam suatu organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 557, "width": 217, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas adalah bentuk kewajiban mempertanggungjawabkan keberhasilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 568, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "atau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 580, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kegagalan pelaksanaan misi organisasi dalam mencapai tujuan dan sasaran yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya, melalui suatu media pertanggungjawaban yang dilaksanakan secara periodik (Mardiasmo, 2006:3). Menurut Mardiasmo, akuntabilitas dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu akuntabilitas vertikal dan akuntabilitas horizontal. Akuntabilitas vertikal adalah akuntabilitas berupa pertanggungjawaban yang dilakukan kepada atasan, sedangkan akuntabilitas horizontal adalah akuntabilitas berupa pertanggungjawaban yang dilakukan kepada orang atupun lembaga yang setara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Mahmudi (2010:23), akuntabilitas adalah kewajiban agen (pemerintah) untuk mengelola sumber daya, melaporkan dan mengungkapkan segala aktivitas dan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan sumber daya publik kepada pemberi mandat (prinsipal). Menurut Mahmudi, akuntabilitas dalam lembaga publik dapat dibagi menjadi lima bagian yaitu; (1) akuntabilitas hukum dan kejujuran, (2) akuntabilitas manajerial, (3) akuntabilitas program, (4) akuntabilitas kebijakan, dan (5) akuntabilitas finansial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 281, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 304, "width": 217, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari uraian dan kerangka pemikiran di atas, diperoleh anggapan dasar dan hipotesis atas variabel- variabel sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 345, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Pengaruh kompentensi auditor terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 368, "width": 218, "height": 193, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian Deis dan Giroux (1992) menyatakan bahwa lama waktu auditor melakukan kerjasama dengan klien (tenure) berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit, di mana tenure berpengaruh terhadap independensi. Pendapat De Angelo (1981) menyatakan bahwa independensi merupakan hal yang penting selain kemampuan teknik auditor. Menurut Agusti dan Pertiwi (2013) semakin tinggi kompetensi yang dimiliki auditor, maka semakin tinggi pula kualitas audit yang dihasilkan oleh auditor. Agar dapat memberikan jasa audit yang berkualitas, auditor harus memiliki dan mempertahankan kompetensi. Auditor harus selalu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keahlian profesinya pada tingkat yang diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa KAP di mana mereka bekerja dapat menerima manfaat dari jasa yang diberikan. H 1 : Kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 571, "width": 203, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Pengaruh independensi terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 583, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi merupakan salah satu hal yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang auditor dalam melakukan tugas pemeriksaan. Independensi menurut standar umum kedua dalam SPAP yaitu dalam semua hal yang berhubungan dengan perikatan, independensi dan sikap harus dipertahankan oleh auditor. Pernyataan dalam standar umum kedua ini menjelaskan bahwa auditor bertanggung jawab untuk dapat mempertahankan sikap independesinya sedemikian rupa sehingga pendapat, kesimpulan, pertimbangan, dan opini dari hasil pemeriksaan tidak memihak dan dipandang tidak memihak oleh pihak manapun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Auditor harus memiliki kemampuan dalam mengumpulkan setiap informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam pengambilan keputusan audit di mana hal tersebut harus didukung oleh sikap independen. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa sikap independen merupakan hal yang melekat pada diri auditor, sehingga independen seperti telah menjadi syarat mutlak yang harus dimiliki. Hasil penelitian oleh Deis dan Giroux (1992) bahwa kemampuan auditor untuk bertahan di bawah tekanan klien, dalam hal ini independensi, tergatung pula oleh etika profesional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 257, "width": 218, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H 2 : Independensi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 276, "width": 203, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Pengaruh akuntabilitas terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 288, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitan Tetclock dan Kim (1987) yang secara umum mengungkapkan bahwa akuntabilitas dapat meningkatkan proses kognitif seseorang, respon yang diberikan dan keputusan-keputusan yang diambil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 345, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H 3 : Akuntabilitas berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 381, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 404, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dan sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 428, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua auditor yang bekerja pada KAP di Surakarta. Sedangkan penelitian ini mengambil dua auditor dari masing- masing KAP untuk dijadikan sampel. Untuk mengirimkan daftar pertanyaan dikirim melalui jasa pos atau diantar langsung bagi perusahaan yang lokasinya terjangkau dan melalui e-mail.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 508, "width": 218, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yaitu sumber yang diperoleh secara langsung dari sumber asli atau pihak pertama. Sedangkan sumber data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yaitu memberikan seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan kepada orang lain yang dijadikan responden untuk menjawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 589, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 613, "width": 218, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan kuesioner sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. kuesioner merupakan daftar pernyataan atau pertanyaan yang disusun secara logis berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian (Sugiyono, 2007:199). Kuesioner diberikan kepada setiap responden di mana kuesioner tersebut menyediakan alternatif jawaban- jawaban yang dapat dipilih responden sebagai jawaban yang mewakili keadaan sebenarnya. Dengan demikian, diharapkan bahwa data yang dikumpulkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dari kuesioner dapat diolah dan diuji untuk membuktikan relevansi hipotesis yang telah disusun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 165, "width": 207, "height": 160, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 Definisi Operasional Variabel Variabel Definisi Operasional Kompetensi Auditor (X1) Kualikasi yang dubutuhkan oleh auditor untuk melaksanakan audit dengan benar. Untuk memperoleh kompentensi tersebut dibutuhkan pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi auditor yang dikenal dengan nama pendidikan profesional berkelanjutan. Independensi Auditor (X2) Sikap mental yang bebas dari pengaruh, tidak dikendalikan oleh orang lain, tidak tergantung pada orang lain. Adanya kejujuran dalam diri auditor dalam mempertimbangkan fakta dan adanya pertimbangan yang obyektif tidak memihak dalam diri auditor dalam merumuskan dan menyatakan pendapat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 327, "width": 203, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) Dorongan psikologi sosial yang dimiliki seseorang untuk mempertanggungjawabkan sesuatu yang telah mereka kerjakan kepada lingkungannya atau orang lain.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 373, "width": 207, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas Audit (Y) Bagus tidaknya suatu pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan oleh auditor. Berdasarkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 386, "top": 391, "width": 125, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPAP audit yang dilaksanakan auditor dikatakan berkualitas, jika memenuhi ketentuan atau standar pengauditan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 444, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 468, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kualitas data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 491, "width": 218, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini pada pengujian data kualitatif didapat dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden, maka jawaban dari para responden adalah suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam penelitian ini. Maka untuk menguji data primer dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 566, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Validitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 578, "width": 218, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Validitas berasal dari kata validity yang mempunyai arti sejauh mana ketepatan dan kecermatan suatu alat ukur dalam melakukan fungsi ukurannya (Azwar, 1986). Selain itu validitas adalah suatu alat ukuran yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang diukur memang benar-benar variabel yang hendak diteliti oleh peneliti (Cooper dan Schindler, dalam Zulganef, 2006). Ghozali (2009) menyatakan bahwa uji validitas digunakan untuk mengukur sah, atau valid tidaknya suatu kuesioner. Suatu kuesioner dikatakan valid jika pertanyaan pada kuesioner mampu untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang akan diukur oleh kuesioner tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 142, "width": 218, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reliabilitas berasal dari kata reliability adalah keajegan pengukuran (Walizer, 1987). Sugiharto dan Situnjak (2006) menyatakan bahwa reliabilitas menunjuk pada suatu pengertian bahwa instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengertian untuk memperoleh informasi yang digunakan dapat dipercaya sebagai alat pengumpulan data dan mampu mengungkapkan informasi sebenarnya di lapangan. Ghozali (2009) menyatakan bahwa reliabiltas adalah alat untuk mengukur suatu kuesioner yang merupakan indikator dari peubah atau konstruk. Suatu kuesioner dikatakan reliabel atau handal jika jawaban seseorang terhadap pernyataan adalah konsisten atau stabil dari waktu ke waktu. Reliabilitas suatu tes merujuk pada derajat stabilitas, konsistensi, daya prediksi, dan akurasi. Pengukuran yang memiliki reliabilitas yang tinggi adalah pengukuran yang dapat menghasilkan data yang reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 361, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji asumsi klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 384, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 396, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas data bertujuan untuk menguji apakah dalam model regresi, variabel residual memliki distribusi normal (Ghozali 2006). Untuk menguji apakah data-data yang dikumpulkan berdistribusi normal atau tidak dapat dilakukan dengan metode sebagai berikut: Uji statistik sederhana yang sering digunakan untuk menguji asumsi normalitas adalah dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dari Kolmogrov Smirnov. Metode pengujian normal tidaknya distribusi data dilakukan dengan melihat nilai signifikasi variabel jika signifikan lebih besar dari a = 5% maka menunjukkan distribusi data normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 540, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji Heteroskedastisitas Dalam persamaan regresi berganda perlu diuji mengenai sama atau tidak varians dari residual observasi yang satu dengan observasi lainnya. Jika residual mempunyai varians yang sama disebut homoskedastisitas, dan jika varians tidak sama disebut heteroskedastisitas. Analisis uji asumsi heteroskedastisitas hasil output SPSS melalui grafik scatterplot Z prediction (ZPRED) untuk variabel bebas (sumbu X=Y hasil prediksi) dan nilai residualnya (SRESID) merupakan variabel terikat (sumbu Y=Y prediksi –Y riil).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 678, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Homoskedastisitas terjadi jika titik-titik hasil pengolahan data antara ZPRED dan SRESID menyebar di bawah ataupun di atas titik origin (angka 0) pada sumbu dan tidak mempunyai pola yang tertentu. Heteroskedastisitas terjadi jika titik-titik hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengolahan data antara ZPRED dan SRESID menyebar di bawah ataupun di atas titik origin (angka 0) pada sumbu Y dan tidak mempunyai pola yang tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 182, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 194, "width": 218, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji multikolinearitas bertujuan untuk menguji apakah pada model regresi ditemukan adanya korelasi antar variabel independen (Ghozali 2006). Jika terjadi korelasi, maka dinamakan terdapat problem multikolinearitas. Model regresi yang baik seharusnya tidak terjadi korelasi di antara variabel independen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 263, "width": 218, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji multikolinieritas pada penelitian dilakukan dengan matriks korelasi. Pengujian ada tidaknya gejala multikolinearitas dilakukan dengan memperhatikan nilai matriks korelasi yang dihasilkan pada saat pengolahan data serta nilai VIF (Variance Inflation Faktor) dan tolerance-nya. Apabila nilai matriks korelasi tidak ada yang lebih besar dari 0,5 maka dapat dikatakan data yang akan dianalisis terlepas dari gejala multkolinearitas. Kemudian apabila nilai VIF berada di bawah 10 dan nilai Tolerance lebih dari 0,1 maka diambil kesimpulan bahwa model regresi tersebut tidak terdapat problem multikolinearitas (Ghozali 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 418, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Uji Autokorelasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 430, "width": 218, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji autokorelasi menggunakan uji Durbin-Watson Test (DW), dimaksudkan untuk menguji adanya kesalahan pengganggu pada periode 1 dengan kesalahan pengganggu pada periode sebelumnya -1. Keadaan tersebut mengakibatkan pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen namun juga variabel dependen periode lalu (Ghozali 2005). Menurut keputusan ada tidaknya autokorelasi dilihat dari bila nilai DW terletak diantara nilai du dan 4-du (du<DW<4-du), maka berarti tidak ada autokorelasi. (Ghozali 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 557, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 580, "width": 218, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji hipotesis regresi berganda. Menurut Hasan (2008), regresi merupakan suatu alat ukur yang juga digunakan untuk mengukur ada tidaknya korelasi antarvariabel. Analisis regresi lebih akurat dalam melakukan analisis korelasi, karena pada analisis itu kesulitan dalam menunjukkan slop (tingkat perubahan suatu variabel terhadap variabel lainnya dapat ditentukan). Regresi linier berganda merupakan suatu metode statistik di mana variabel bebas atau variabel independen lebih dari satu. Bentuk persamaan untuk regresi berganda adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 718, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = a + b 1 X 1 + b 2 X 2 ..............n", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 161, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: Y adalah variabel dependen a adalah konstanta b adalah koefisien regresi X1 adalah variabel independen pertama X2 adalah variabel independen kedua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 223, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 247, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deskripsi penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 270, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyebaran kuesioner dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara diberikan langsung kepada para responden yaitu para auditor pada KAP di Surakarta. Jumlah pernyataan dalam kuesioner ada 19 pernyataan dengan 3 variabel independen dan 1 variabel dependen. Pengambilan kuesioner yang memenuhi syarat untuk diolah tercantum dalam tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 374, "width": 190, "height": 68, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 Pengambilan Data yang Diolah No Keterangan Jumlah 1 Kuesioner yang disebar 45 2 Kuesioner yang kembali 45 3 Kuesioner yang menjadi sampel 45 Sumber: Data Primer yang diolah (2018)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 457, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data dalam Tabel 2, kuesioner yang disebar sejumlah 45 kuesioner, sedangkan yang kembali sejumlah 45. Kuesioner kualitas audit yang dijadikan sampel sejumlah 45 kuesioner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 515, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karakteristik responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 538, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sejumlah 45 auditor. Berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data, maka dapat dikemukakan karakteristik responden yang diukur dari KAP tempat mereka bekerja. Adapun uraiannya sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 607, "width": 215, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3 Daftar dan Jumlah Responden Nama KAP Alamat KAP Jumlah Auditor Presentase KAP Rachmad Wahyudi Jln Cipto Mangunkusumo No. 3A, Sriwedari, Laweyan, Surakarta 10 22,2 % KAP Wartono Jln K.H Samanhudi No.121, Sondakan, Laweyan, Surakarta 10 22,2 % KAP Busroni dan Payamta Jln Ir.Sutami No.25, Jebres Surakarta 9 20 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 313, "top": 130, "width": 215, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KAP Drs. Hanung Triatmoko, Ak Jln Ki Mangun Sarkoro No.55, KadipiroSurakarta 8 17,8 % KAP Drs. Hananta Budianto & Rekan Jln. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo No.31, Mangkubumen. Banjarsari, Surakarta 8 17,8 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 207, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan bahwa responden yang mengisi kuesioner merupakan auditor yang bekerja pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di Surakarta. KAP Rachmad Wahyudi berjumlah 10 atau 22,2 % auditor. KAP Wartono berjumlah 10 atau 22,2 % auditor. KAP Busroni dan Payamta berjumlah 9 atau 20 % auditor. KAP Drs. Hanung Triatmoko, Ak berjumlah 8 atau 17,8 % auditor. Dan KAP Drs. Hananta Budianto & Rekan berjumlah 8 atau 17,8 % auditor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 323, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kualitas data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 346, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Validitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 358, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kriteria suatu data dikatakan valid jika nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 369, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corrected Item-Total Correlation (r hitung )>r tabel, sedangkan item dikatakan tidak valid jika nilai Corrected Item-Total Correlation (r hitung )<r tabel . Cara mendapatkan r tabel adalah sebagai berikut: tingkat kepercayaan = 95% (α = 5%), derajat kebebasan (df) = n-2 = 45-2 = 43, didapat r tabel adalah 0,2483. Adapun hasil validitas kuisoner mengenai kompetensi, independensi dan akuntabilitas adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 346, "top": 473, "width": 149, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4 Hasil Uji Validitas Kompetensi Auditor (X1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 496, "width": 194, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No R tabel Corrected Item- Total Correlation Keterangan 1 0,2483 ,345 Valid 2 0,2483 ,541 Valid 3 0,2483 ,487 Valid 4 0,2483 ,542 Valid 5 0,2483 ,369 Valid 6 0,2483 ,507 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 586, "width": 218, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 4. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Kompetensi. Keenam pernyataan kompetensi tersebut adalah valid karena nilai R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 678, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 5. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Independensi. Ketiga pernyataan independensi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tersebut adalah valid karena nilai R hitung masing- masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 176, "width": 26, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 102, "top": 185, "width": 151, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Validitas Independensi Auditor (X2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 200, "width": 205, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No R tabel Corrected Item-Total Correlation Keterangan 1 0,2483 ,430 Valid 2 0,2483 ,322 Valid 3 0,2483 ,558 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 259, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 6. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Akuntabilitas. Ketiga pernyataan akuntabilitas tersebut adalah valid karena nilai R hitung masing- masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 363, "width": 197, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6 Hasil Uji Validitas Akutabilitas Auditor (X3) R tabel Corrected Item-Total Correlation Keterangan 0,2483 ,384 Valid 0,2483 ,550 Valid 0,2483 ,539 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 445, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 7. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Kualitas Audit. Ketujuh pernyataan kualitas audit tersebut adalah Valid karena nilai R hitung masing- masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 549, "width": 26, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 115, "top": 558, "width": 124, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Validitas Kualitas Audit (Y)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 573, "width": 204, "height": 82, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No R tabel Corrected Item-Total Correlation Keterangan Y1.1 0,2483 ,588 Valid Y1.2 0,2483 ,574 Valid Y1.3 0,2483 ,561 Valid Y1.4 0,2483 ,499 Valid Y1.5 0,2483 ,494 Valid Y1.6 0,2483 ,352 Valid Y1.7 0,2483 ,298 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 676, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 688, "width": 219, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suatu kusioner dianggap reliabel jika mempunyai nilai Cronbach’s Alpha >0,60 yaitu apabila dilakukan penelitian ulang dengan waktu dan variabel yang berbeda akan menghasilkan kesimpulan yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 128, "width": 218, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan apabila nilai Cronbach’s Alpha <0,60 maka dianggap tidak reliabel yang berarti apabila dilakukan penelitian ulang maka dapat menghasilkan kesimpulan berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 188, "width": 213, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Cronbach’s Alpha Kriteria Keterangan Kompetensi Auditor (X1) 0,712 >0,60 Reliabel Independensi Auditor (X2) 0.622 >0,60 Reliabel Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) 0,670 >0,60 Reliabel Kualitas Audit (Y) 0,757 >0,60 Reliabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 279, "width": 218, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 8 nilai Cronbach’s Alpha dari keempat variabel >0,60. Maka kuesioner untuk variabel kompetensi, independensi, akuntabilitas dan kualitas audit tersebut adalah reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 339, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji asumsi klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 363, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Normalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 374, "width": 218, "height": 170, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas bertujuan untuk mengetahui normal tidaknya suatu distribusi data. Dalam pengambilan kesimpulan pada tabel Test of Normality digunakan kriteria jika sampelnya di atas 50, maka yang dilihat adalah kolom Sig pada Kolmogorov Sminov . Sedangkan jika sampel di bawah 50, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kolom Sig pada Shapiro-Wilk . Apabila angka pada Sig tersebut ≥0,05 berarti data berdistribusi normal namun apabila angka pada Sig ≤0,05 berarti data tidak berdistribusi normal. Jika tidak berdistribusi normal maka upaya yang dilakukan dapat dengan menggunakan Statistik Nonparametrik. Kriteria normal diperlihatkan pada Asymp.Sig. (2- tailed) di mana distribusi dikatakan normal jika nilainya ≥0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 558, "width": 189, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 9 Hasil Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov- Smirnov Kriteria Keterangan 0,820 ≥0,05 Berdistribusi Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 623, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel One Sample Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test di atas, Nilai Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) adalah 0,820 atau di atas 0,05 berarti distribusi data normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 675, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Heteroskedestisitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 686, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Heteroskedestisitas menunjukkan bahwa varians variabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 698, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tidak sama untuk semua pengamatan/observasi. Jika varians dari satu pengamatan ke pengamatan lain sama maka disebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "65", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Heteroskedastisitas. Model regresi yang baik adalah jika terjadi Homokedastisitas atau tidak terjadi Heteroskedastisitas. Uji yang digunakan adalah Uji Glejser. Keputusan hasil uji glejser dapat dilihat pada output tabel Coefficient dan menggunakan kriteria jika Sig ≥0,05 maka tidak terjadi heteroskedestisitas dan sebaliknya jika nilai Sig ≤0,05 maka terjadi heteroskedestisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 234, "width": 206, "height": 97, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 10 Hasil Uji Glejser Variabel Signifikan Kriteria keterangan (Constant) 0,037 Kompetensi Auditor (X1) 0,827 0,05 Tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas Independensi Auditor (X2 ) 0,060 0,05 Tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) 0,354 0,05 Tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 346, "width": 218, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari Tabel 10, terlihat bahwa nilai Sig untuk variabel Kompetensi Auditor (X1) adalah sebesar 0,827 atau ≥0,05, variabel Independensi Auditor (X2) adalah sebesar 0,060 atau ≥0,05 dan untuk variabel Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) adalah sebesar 0,354 atau ≥0,05 yang berarti tidak terjadi Heteroskedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 421, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Uji Multikolinieritas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 432, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hubungan diantara variabel bebas memiliki masalah gejala multikolerasi atau tidak. Multikolerasi adalah korelasi yang sangat tinggi terjadi pada hubungan diantara variabel bebas. Dalam pengambilan kesimpulan kriteria yang digunakan dapat dilihat pada kolom Collinearity Statistics jika nilai VIF< 10 atau nilai Tolerance ≥0,10 maka tidak terjadi multikolerasi. Namun apablia nilai VIF ≥10 atau nilai Tolerance <0,10 maka tidak multikolerasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 559, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 568, "width": 88, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 583, "width": 214, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Collinearity statistics Keterangan Variabel Tolerance VIF Kompetensi Auditor (X1) ,978 1,022 Tidak terjadi Multikolinieritas Independensi Auditor (X2 ) ,941 1,063 Tidak terjadi Multikolinieritas Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) ,928 1,078 Tidak terjadi Multikolinieritas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 681, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel hasil uji Multikolinieritas, diperoleh hasil nilai VIF <10 yaitu 1,022, 1,063 dan 1,078 sedangkan nilai Tolerance ≥10 yaitu 0,978, 0,941 dan 0,928 maka dapat disimpulkan tidak terjadi multikolinieritas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Uji Autokorelasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 142, "width": 218, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji autokorelasi menggunakan uji Durbin-Watson Test (DW), dimaksudkan untuk menguji adanya kesalahan pengganggu pada periode 1 dengan kesalahan pengganggu pada periode sebelumnya -1. Keadaan tersebut mengakibatkan pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen namun juga variabel dependen periode lalu (Ghozali 2005). Pengambilan kesimpulan dapat dilihat dari nilai Durbin Watson hasil proses autokorelasinya. Untuk selanjutnya hasil diinterpretasikan dengan membandingkan nilai Durbin Watson dengan kriteria 1) bila nilai DW ≤dL, artinya terjadi autokorelasi positif, 2) bila nilai DW berada diantara dL dan dU hasilnya tidak dapat disimpulkan, 3) bila nilai DW berada diantara dU sampai 4-dU artinya tidak terjadi autokorelasi, 4) bila nilai DW berada diantara 4-dU dan 4-dL hasilnya tidak dapat disimpulkan, 5) bila nilai DW ≥4-dL hasilnya terjadi autokorelasi negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 406, "top": 360, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 383, "top": 369, "width": 74, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Autokorelasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 384, "width": 205, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Durbin-Watson Kriteria Keterangan 2,297 2 ≤ D-W ≤ 4-Du Tidak terjadi autokorelasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 415, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari kasus Analisis Karakteristik Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit, diketahui:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 448, "width": 218, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Α = 5%, k = 3 (jumlah variabel bebas=3), n = 45 dan DW = 2.297 Dl = 1.3832 dan 4-Dl = 2.6168 Du = 1.6662 dan 4-Du = 2.3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 507, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berarti nilainya di Kriteria ke 3 yaitu diantara Du sampai dengan 4-Du, artinya tidak terjadi Autokorelasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 554, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 577, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis regresi linier berganda yaitu analisis yang mengukur pengaruh variabel Kompetensi (X1), Independensi (X2), Akuntabilitas (X3) terhadap variabel Kualitas Audit (Y). Pengukuran pengaruh variabel yang melibatkan lebih dari satu variabel bebas (X1, X2, X3,...Xn) digunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, disebut linier karena setiap estimasi atas nilai diharapkan mengalami peningkatan atau penurunan mengikuti garis lurus. Berikut ini estimasi regresi linier berganda:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 704, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = a + b 1 x 1 + b 2 x 2 + b 3 x 3 + ........ b n x n", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 142, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koefisien determinasi yang menunjukkan berapa besar sumbangan atau kontribusi variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat dapat dilihat dari nilai R2 (R Square) atau R2 yang disesuaikan (Adjusted R Square).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 211, "width": 105, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 13 Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 286, "width": 218, "height": 67, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 13 maka nilai Koefisien Determinasi atau besarnya kontribusi Kompetensi (X1), Independensi (X2), dan Akuntabilitas (X3) terhadap Kualitas Audit (Y) adalah sebesar 0,202 (20,2%) untuk R Square atau 0,144 (14,4%) untuk Adjusted R Square.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 361, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji F", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 373, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mengetahui hasil Uji F dapat dilihat pada kolom Sig yang menunjukkan signifikan tidaknya hubungan antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat, dengan kriteria jika nilai Sig di bawah 0,05 berarti Signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 442, "width": 208, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 14 Hasil Uji F ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 62,162 3 20,721 3,466 ,025b 1 Residual 245,083 41 5,978 Total 307,244 44", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 539, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji F dan kriteria tersebut berarti Kompetensi, Independensi, dan Akuntabilitas Auditor berpengaruh secara bersama-sama atau simultan terhadap Kualitas Audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 591, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Uji t", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 614, "width": 211, "height": 96, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 15 Hasil Uji t Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 16,694 4,693 3,557 ,001 X1 ,251 ,124 ,286 2,031 ,049 1 X2 -,214 ,219 -,141 -,979 ,333 X3 ,630 ,297 ,307 2,123 ,040", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel koefisien didapatkan dua informasi yaitu informasi yang berkaitan dengan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 159, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Kofisien persamaan regresi, yang diperlihatkan pada kolom B (Beta) Unstandardized Coefficients. Dari kolom ini maka persamaan regresi adalah:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 205, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y =16,694 + 0,251 X1 + (-2,14) X2 + 0,630 X3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 228, "width": 204, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Konstanta sebesar 16,694 merupakan konstanta bernilai positif, artinya jika kompetensi auditor (X 1 ), independensi auditor (X 2 ), dan akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ), tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol, maka kualitas audit (Y) memiliki nilai sebesar 16,694.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 309, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. 0,251 artinya jika kompetensi auditor (X 1 ) ditingkatkan 1 maka kualitas audit (Y) akan meningkat sebesar 0,251. Diasumsikan independensi auditor (X 2 ), dan akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ) tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 378, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. -2,14 artinya jika independensi auditor (X 2 ) ditingkatkan 1 maka kualitas audit (Y) akan meningkat sebesar -2,14. Diasumsikan kompetensi auditor (X 1 ), dan akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ) tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 447, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. 0,630 artinya jika akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ) ditingkatkan 1 maka kualitas audit (Y) akan meningkat sebesar 0,630. Diasumsikan kompetensi auditor (X 1 ), dan independensi auditor (X 2 ) tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 516, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Hasil analisis Uji t, yang diperlihatkan pada kolom t dan Sig dengan kriteria jka nilai Sig lebih kecil dari 0,05 berarti hubungan antara variabel terikat adalah signifikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 573, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari kolom Sig, nilai Sig. untuk Kompetensi Auditor adalah 0,049 dan 0,040 (lebih kecil dari 0,05) untuk Akuntabilitas Auditor yang berarti Kompetensi Auditor dan Akuntabilitas Auditor berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Audit, sedangkan untuk Independensi Auditor adalah 0,333 atau (lebih besar dari 0,05) berarti Independensi Auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 689, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 713, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pengaruh Kompetensi Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 203, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 ,450a ,202 ,144 2,445", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 205, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Dengan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,049 dan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,286. Signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari 0,05 memberikan kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis ini diterima. Hal ini berarti bahwa kualitas audit dapat dicapai jika auditor memiliki kompetensi yang baik. Penelitian ini diperkuat dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Putri (2013) yang menyatakan bahwa kompetensi auditor adalah auditor dengan pengetahuan yang cukup dan eksplisit dapat melakukan audit secara objektif, cermat, dan seksama. Seorang auditor yang memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai akan lebih memahami dan mengetahui berbagai masalah secara lebih mendalam dan lebih mudah dalam mengikuti perkembangan yang semakin kompleks dalam lingkungan audit klien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 349, "width": 218, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pengaruh Independensi Auditor terhadap Kualitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 80, "top": 361, "width": 25, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 372, "width": 218, "height": 159, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa independensi auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,333 dan nilai koefisien sebesar -0,141. Signifikansi yang lebih lebih besar dari 0,05 memberikan kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis ini ditolak. Penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Saputra (2012) yang menjelaskan bahwa independensi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dengan independensi yang dimiliki auditor, maka akan sangat kecil terpengaruh oleh klien sehingga proses audit akan dilakukan dengan transparan, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 545, "width": 218, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Pengaruh Akuntabilitas Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 568, "width": 218, "height": 159, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Dengan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,040 dan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,307. Signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari 0,05 memberikan kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis ini diterima. Hal ini berarti bahwa kualitas audit dapat dicapai apabila auditor dalam melakukan tugas audit selalu disertai dengan sikap tanggung jawab, memiliki kecermataan yang tinggi, serta selalu berpikir seoptimal mungkin dalam mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan tugas audit. Penelitian ini diperkuat dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Diani Mardisar dan Ria Nelly Sari (2007) bahwa kualitas audit dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dipengaruhi oleh rasa tanggung jawab (akuntabilitas) yang dimiliki auditor dalam menyelesaikan tugas audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 189, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 212, "width": 50, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 236, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis dan uraian dari pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Kualitas audit dapat dikatakan baik apabila auditor memiliki kompetensi yang baik. Dengan melihat hasil penelitian ini maka dapat dikatakan kompetensi yang dimiliki auditor di KAP Surakarta dapat membantu dalam menyelesaikan audit secara efektif. Semakin tinggi kompetensi yang dimiliki seorang auditor maka akan semakin tinggi pula kualitas audit yang dihasilkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 362, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi auditor adalah sikap yang terdapat pada diri seseorang yang bebas dari pengaruh dan tekanan dari dalam maupun dari luar ketika mengambil keputusan, di mana dalam pengambilan keputusan tersebut harus bersadarkan fakta yang ada dan secara obyektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa independensi auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Dalam hal ini terjadi akibat auditor terkadang harus bertindak tidak jujur agar tidak kehilangan klien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 477, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Tingkat kecermatan yang tinggi dalam memeriksa laporan yang akan diaudit, serta mengerjakan tugas audit seoptimal mungkin dengan penuh tanggung jawab akan menghasilkan laporan audit yang lebih berkualitas. Artinya jika auditor di KAP Surakarta mempunyai akuntabilitas yang tinggi dalam mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan tugas audit maka akan semakin baik pula kualitas dari hasil auditnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 604, "width": 26, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 628, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini masih masih banyak memiliki keterbatasan, maka berikut saran yang dapat diberikan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 674, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Bagi auditor dan KAP:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 686, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengingat dari kesimpulan yang diambil bahwa kompetensi dan akuntabilitas dapat mempengaruhi kualitas audit, maka harapannya para auditor bersedia untuk terus belajar agar kompetensi tentang audit yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah \| Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dimiliki semakin baik. Selain itu para auditor juga diwajibkan untuk memiliki rasa tanggung jawab yang tinggi akan tugasnya sebagai seorang auditor, serta bersedia bekerja seoptimal mungkin dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 188, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) khususnya di Surakarta, sebaiknya memilih auditor berpengalaman yang memiliki pengetahuan dan tanggung jawab yang tinggi dalam melakukan pengauditan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 246, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Bagi penelitian selanjutnya:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 257, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebaiknya dalam penelitian selanjutnya perlu adanya pengembangan variabel-variabel yang menambah karakterisitik auditor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas audit. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan di beberapa KAP di Surakarta, maka diharapkan peneliti selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan wilayah sampel penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 362, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 385, "width": 218, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics , 291-309.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 418, "width": 217, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ararat, M., Aksu, M., & Cetin, A. T. (2010). 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cb7b1ff6-b4c4-45e9-0919-9a93978fb74c	https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/sciencemap/article/download/5506/4318	[ { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 42, "width": 206, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\| Juni 2022 \| Volume 4 Nomor 1 \| Hal. 9 – 18 DOI https://doi.org/10.30598/jmsvol4issue1pp9-18 Website: https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/sciencemap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 773, "width": 263, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license. ©2022 by author", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 75, "width": 375, "height": 77, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KOMPARASI HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI PERBANDINGAN DI KELAS VII SMP", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 131, "top": 179, "width": 350, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Filsia Yunita Muskitta 1 , Anderson L Palinussa 2* , Novalin C Huwaa 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 198, "width": 263, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3 Prodi Pendidikan Matematika, FKIP, Universitas Pattimura Jalan Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Unpatti, Poka, Ambon, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 225, "width": 379, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted: March 20,2022 Revised: May 18, 2022 Accepted: June 4, 2022 *Corresponding author. Email : [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 257, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 274, "width": 386, "height": 148, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran yang lebih baik antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. Tipe Penelitian yang digunakan adalah tipe desain Post Test Group Design . Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel jenuh atau sampel total. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah intrumen tes berupa soal uraian untuk tes akhir. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan. Hal ini ditunjukan pada hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan SPSS 25.0 yang diperoleh nilai sig = 0.04 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05, sehingga menyebabkan 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 430, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : hasil belajar, think pair share, guided discovery learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 468, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 485, "width": 386, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to determine the better learning model between the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model and the Guided Discovery Learning learning model on comparative material in class VII Christian Middle School Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. The type of research used is the Post Test Group Design type. The sample used in this study is the saturated sample or the total sample. The instrument used in this research is a test instrument in the form of description questions for the final test. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis technique and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that student learning outcomes taught using the Guided Discovery Learning learning model were better than student learning outcomes taught using the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model on comparative material. This is shown in the results of calculations using SPSS 25.0 which obtained the value of sig = 0.04 which is smaller than the value of = 0.05, causing H 0 to be rejected and H 1 to be accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 629, "width": 295, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : learning outcomes, think pair share, guided discovery learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal \| Juni 2022 \| Volume 4 Nomor 1 \| 10", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 80, "width": 442, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Matematika merupakan ilmu dasar yang memiliki peranan penting dalam proses kehidupan manusia. Sebagai ilmu dasar, matematika digunakan untuk mengembangkan cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang lain seperti fisika, kimia, biologi, teknik, dan geografi dengan menerapkan prinsip kalkulus, aljabar, geometri maupun statistika dalam pengembangannya. Abdurrahman (2010: 253) mengemukakan bahwa matematika merupakan bidang studi yang dipelajari oleh siswa dari SD hingga SLTA dan bahkan juga di perguruan tinggi. Menurut Suherman (Anarsih dan Hartaya, 2015: 54), yang tercantum dalam kurikulum matematika sekolah bahwa tujuan diberikannya matematika antara lain agar siswa mampu menghadapi perubahan keadaan dunia yang selalu berkembang, melalui latihan bertindak atas dasar pemikiran secara logis, rasional, kreatif, cermat dan efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 200, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menyadari pentingnya matematika tidak mengherankan jika matematika dipelajari secara luas dan mendasar sejak jenjang pendidikan sekolah dasar. Menurut Susanto (2016: 186), pembelajaran matematika adalah suatu proses belajar mengajar yang dibangun oleh guru untuk mengembangkan kreativitas siswa, serta dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengkonstruksi pengetahuan baru sebagai upaya meningkatkan penguasaan yang baik terhadap materi yang diajarkan. Pecapaian dalam proses pembelajaran dapat dilihat dari kualitas proses dan perolehan hasil belajar yang baik dan memuaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 442, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam proses pembelajaran, konsep matematika yang diajarkan di sekolah berupa rumus- rumus abstrak tanpa dikaitkan dengan aplikasi kehidupan nyata, sehingga siswa merasa sulit, bosan serta tidak menyukai matematika. Menurut Sanjaya (2010: 139), salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dunia pendidikan saat ini adalah rendahnya kualitas proses dan hasil belajar yang dicapai siswa. Hal ini diperjelas oleh pendapat Sani (2014: 41) yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah kurangnya partisipasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga pemahaman siswa hanya bersifat sementara. Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dapat di lihat dari pencapaian hasil belajar yang belum memenuhi tuntutan kurikulum. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Susanto (Anderson, dkk 2020:15) yang mengemukakan bahwa rendahnya prestasi belajar matematika siswa, tentu banyak factor yang menyebabkan, misalnyya masalah klasik tentangg penerapan model pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurfitriyanti (2017: 84) mengemukakan bahwa sebagian besar siswa menganggap pelajaran matematika sangat sulit dipahami karena konsepnya yang abstrak. Hal tersebut terjadi dikarenakan siswa tidak dapat mengerjakan soal matematika dengan baik, siswa akan mengalami rasa tidak percaya diri dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Sehingga rasa keingintahuan siswa dalam belajar matematika akan berkurang. Hal itu mengakibatkan siswa memandang matematika sulit untuk dipahami dan minat belajar siswa menjadi berkurang. Salah satu materi dalam pembelajaran matematika yang dipelajari siswa yaitu materi perbandingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perbandingan merupakan materi matematika yang diajarkan pada kelas VII semester genap sesuai kurikulum 2013 revisi 2017 yang digunakan di SMP Kristen Kusu- Kusu Sereh Ambon. Materi ini mengandung konsep sebagai hubungan fungsional antara suatu besaran dengan besaran lain dalam bentuk perbandingan senilai dan perbandingan berbalik nilai. Hasil belajar siswa pada materi perbandingan masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan peneliti bersama guru mata pelajaran matematika di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 616, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut hasil wawancara kesulitan yang dialami siswa pada materi perbandingan adalah kurangnya pemahaman konsep, hal ini tentunya berpengaruh pada hasil belajar siswa. Solusi untuk mengatasi masalah- masalah tersebut dalam pembelajaran matematika terutama dalam penggunaan model pembelajaran yang tepat sesuai dengan materi agar dapat mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model pembelajaran yang dipilih peneliti untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran matematika yaitu model pembelajaran kooperatif. Mufidah (2013) manyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif melibatkan keaktifan siswa untuk menemukan konsepnya sendiri yang dalam pembelajarannya siswa diberikan waktu lebih banyak untuk berpikir, menjawab, serta membantu satu sama lain. Hal ini diperjelas oleh pendapat Fariska (2013: 2) yang menyatakan bahwa melalui", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pembelajaran kooperatif akan memberi kesempatan pada siswa untuk bekerjasama dengan sesama siswa dalam tugas-tugas yang terstruktur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari beberapa macam model pembelajaran kooperatif peneliti memilih model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share karena dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk dapat berperan aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Kurniasih (2015: 58) mengatakan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share merupakan suatu cara yang efektif untuk membuat variasi suasana pola diskusi kelas yang membutuhkan pengaturan untuk mengendalikan kelas secara keseluruhan dan prosedur yang digunakan dapat memberi siswa lebih banyak waktu berpikir, untuk merespon dan saling membantu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 176, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Trianto (2007: 61), pelaksanaan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu thinking (berpikir), pairing (berpasangan), dan sharing (berbagi). Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share menekankan siswa untuk berpikir secara individu kemudian bertukar ide secara berpasangan dan membagi hasilnya kepada pasangan lain. Hal ini didukung oleh oleh pendapat Fathurrohman (2015: 86) yang menyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share mempunyai prosedur yang membuat siswa menjadi aktif dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 270, "width": 443, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika pada materi perbandingan yaitu model pembelajaran guided discovery learning. Hamalik (Haris, 2015: 6) menyatakan bahwa model guided discovery learning merupakan pembelajaran dengan sistem dua arah dimana proses pembelajarannya melibatkan siswa dan guru. Siswa melakukan penemuan ( discovery ) dan guru yang berperan dalam memberikan bimbingan ( guided ) dengan menganalisis kesulitan dalam memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh siswa. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Suryosubroto (2010) mengatakan bahwa model pembelajaran guided discovery learning merupakan suatu model dimana guru mendorong serta memberi petunjuk kepada siswa dalam kegiatan belajar agar siswa bekerja lebih terarah dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang ditetapkan, sehingga model pembelajaran ini melibatkan siswa belajar aktif untuk menetukan konsep atau prinsip melalui pengalamannya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koasih (2014: 83) mengemukakan bahwa guided discovery learning merupakan model pembelajaran penemuan yang dilakukan dengan bimbingan dari guru. Hal ini dikarenakan siswa SMP masih memerlukan bantuan sebelum menjadi penemu murni. Siswa tidak hanya disodori tentang teori, tetapi mereka pun berhadapan dengan sejumlah fakta, sehingga pembelajaran guided discovery learning dianggap sangat memungkinkan untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran materi perbandingan, karena dalam model pembelajaran guided discovery learning siswa dituntut untuk menemukan sendiri konsep-konsep dan informasi dari permasalahan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ditetapkan secara eksplisit yang memberi siswa waktu untuk berpikir, menjawab dan saling membantu satu sama lain. Hal tersebut dalam suatu proses pembelajaran diperlukan keaktifan siswa dalam berinteraksi. Interaksi ini dapat berupa saling sharing antara siswa dengan siswa maupun antara siswa dengan guru. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Widyastuti & Suyadi (2014) yang mengatakan bahwa keaktifan siswa sebagai aktivitas dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dan dapat mempengeruhi hasil belajar yang diperolehnya. Dengan demikian, penggunaan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share baik diterapkan karena kedua model pembelajaran tersebut membutuhkan peran aktif siswa dalam pembelajaran, karena pada dasarnya kedua model tersebut merupakan model pembelajaran yang menjadikan siswa sebagai pusat pembelajaran dan membuat siswa menjadi lebih aktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 642, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. (2) Hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. (3) Perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. (4) Model pembelajaran yang lebih baik antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal \| Juni 2022 \| Volume 4 Nomor 1 \| 12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Post Test Group Design yang termasuk dalam Quasi Experimental Design (desain eksperimen semu) dimana akan dilihat hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon Tahun ajaran 2020/2021 yang terdiri dari dua kelas, yaitu kelas VII-1 dan kelas VII-2 dengan jumlah siswa 49 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 188, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel jenuh atau sampel total. Adapun dalam penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh populasi yang ada di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon tahun ajaran 2020/2021, yang terdiri dari 2 kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 232, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Kelurahan Urimesing, yang direncanakan berlangsung pada semester genap tahun ajaran2020/2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perangkat pembelajaran yang dirancang untuk digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Bahan Ajar (BA) dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) yang disusun dan disesuaikan dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 443, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini digunakan Analisis Statistik Deskriptif untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon pada materi perbandingan yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pebelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning . Hasil belajar yang dimaksudkan berupa nilai yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 387, "width": 291, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai = 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑥 100% (Purwanto, 2009:12)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, nilai yang telah diperoleh dari tes hasil belajar diklarifikasikan sesuai dengan Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP), dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 447, "width": 176, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Penialain Acuan Patokan (PAP) Kualifikasi Nilai Sangat Baik 𝑥 ≥ 90 Baik 75 ≤ 𝑥 < 90 Cukup 60 ≤ 𝑥 < 75 Kurang 40 ≤ 𝑥 < 60 Sangat Kurang 𝑥 < 40", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 255, "top": 533, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Ratumanan & Laurens, 2015: 171)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum melakukan pengujian hipotesis pada tes akhir dengan menggunakan uji-t, maka tes akhir terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji prasyarat analisis yaitu dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Selanjutnya, akan dilakukan uji lanjut untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran yang lebih baik antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 642, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon yang berlangsung pada hari senin 14 Juni 2021 dan selesai pada hari rabu 14 Juli 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 2 kelas, yaitu kelas VII-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning dan kelas VII-2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share . Sebelum memulai proses pembelajaran peneliti berkomunikasi dengan guru mata pelajaran matematika di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. Komunikasi yang dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan model pembelajaran yang akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "digunakan dalam penelitian ini, serta menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran berupa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Bahan Ajar (BA), dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai pada empat pertemuan dikelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2 selanjutnya pada pertemuan kelima diberikan tes akhir untuk mengukur sejauh mana tingkat keberhasilan siswa yang diberi perlakuan berbeda. Hasil belajar yang di peroleh siswa dari kedua kelas dapat di gambarkan pada tabel di berikut ini sesuai dengan penilaian acuan patokan (PAP):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 144, "width": 221, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Belajar Siswa Kualifikasi Nilai Jumlah Siswa Kelas E_1 Kelas E_2 Sangat Baik x ≥ 90 2 0 Baik 75 ≤ x < 90 8 4 Cukup 60 ≤ x < 75 6 8 Kurang 40 ≤ x < 60 2 3 Sangat Kurang x < 40 2 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel hasil belajar siswa di atas, pada kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 10% siswa yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat baik, untuk kualifikasi baik pada kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 40% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 20% siswa. Pada kualifikasi cukup kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 30% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 40% siswa, selanjutnya pada kualifikasi kurang pada kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 10% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 15% siswa. Dan pada kualifikasi sangat kurang untuk kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 10% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 25% siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara keseluruhan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning adalah kategori cukup dan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share adalah kategori kurang. Selanjutnya, nilai rata-rata pada tes hasil belajar siswa untuk kedua kelas dapat di gambarkan pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 421, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Rata-rata Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas Rata-rata Kategori Eksperimen 1 72.06 Cukup Eksperimen 2 58.41 Kurang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan PAP, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 tergolong cukup dan rata-rata hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen 2 tergolong kurang. Selanjutnya akan dijelaskan uji prasyarat analisis yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas serta pengujian hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata atau uji-t, sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti berdistribusi normal atau tidak. Dalam penelitian ini, pengujian normalitas data menggunakan uji statistic Shapiro Wilk dan diperoleh hasil pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 594, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 606, "width": 199, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tests of Normality Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Eksperimen_1 .914 20 .076 Eksperimen_2 .922 20 .109", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4 di atas, terlihat bahwa nilai sig. pada kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2 yaitu 0.076 dan 0.109 lebih besar dari pada 𝛼 = 0.05. Sesuai dengan ketentuan, suatu data berdistribusi normal apabila nilai sig. lebih besar dari taraf signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 diterima dan 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 741, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Homogenitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal \| Juni 2022 \| Volume 4 Nomor 1 \| 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah kedua kelas sampel yang di teliti berdistribusi normal, maka asumsi selanjutnya yang harus dipenuhi adalah homogenitas. Uji homogenitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti memiliki varians yang homogen atau tidak. Dalam penelitian ini, pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji SPSS dan di peroleh hasil pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 106, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Homogenitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 118, "width": 263, "height": 104, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Test of Homogeneity of Variances Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Nilai Based on Mean .460 1 38 .502 Based on Median .140 1 38 .711 Based on Median and with adjusted df .140 1 36.837 .711 Based on trimmed mean .447 1 38 .508", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5 di atas, terlihat bahwa nilai sig. pada kedua kelas eksperimen yaitu 0.508 lebih besar dari 𝛼 = 0.05. Sesuai dengan ketentuan, suatu data dinyatakan homogen apabila nilai sig. lebih besar dari taraf signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 diterima dan 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti memiliki varians yang homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 301, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 443, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah uji prasyarat dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa kedua kelas sampel yang teliti normal dan homogen, maka langkah selanjutnya yaitu pengujian hipotesis dengan uji-t atau uji beda rata-rata. Uji-t atau uji beda rata-rata dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang di ajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share . Berikut ini di tampilkan hasil perhitungan uji-t pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti dalam bentuk tabel, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 401, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 493, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 6, terlihat bahwa nilai sig. (2-tailled) pada kedua kelas eksperimen yaitu 0.034 lebih kecil dari 𝛼 = 0.05 . Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning . Selanjutnya ditampilkan hasil belajar siswa melalui uji lanjut Post Hoc LSD sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 563, "width": 169, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Lanjut Post Hoc LSD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 575, "width": 252, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANOVA Hasil Belajar Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1728.042 1 1728.042 4.547 .040 Within Groups 14442.345 38 380.062 Total 16170.387 38", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 443, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 7, terlihat bahwa nilai sig pada kedua kelas eksperimen sebesar 0.04 lebih kecil dari 𝛼 = 0.05 . Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 421, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Group Statistics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 188, "top": 432, "width": 235, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai Kelas N Mean Std. Deviation Std.Error Mean 1 20 72.0565 18.41748 4.11827 2 20 58.4110 20.68803 4.62598", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 68, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian dan pengujian hipotesis, maka dapat dinyatakan pembelajaran matematika pada materi perbandingan yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pemb.elajaran Guided Discovery Learning di peroleh hasil yang berbeda. Dari hasil yang ditunjukan maka selanjutnya dibuat pembahasan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Proses belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 169, "width": 421, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap stimulus, guru memberikan rangsangan terhadap siswa berdasarkan masalah yang diberikan pada Bahan Ajar (BA) dengan penjelasan secukupnya. Setiap kelompok menyimak serta memberikan tanggapan berdasarkan masalah yang diberikan pada Bahan Ajar (BA), selanjutnya guru menanyakan kembali bagaimana rangsangan yang diberikan, apakah tiap-tiap kelompok sudah memahami masalah tersebut dan siswa menjawab serta memberikan tanggapan sesuai pemahaman dari tiap-tiap kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 251, "width": 422, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap problem statement, guru akan membimbing kelompok jika sebagian kelompok masih belum memahami masalah pada Bahan Ajar (BA). Selanjutnya, guru menganjurkan siswa untuk mengamati dan mengidentifikasi soal-soal yang diberikan pada Bahan Ajar (BA), setiap kelompok diberi kesempatan untuk mengamati dan mengidentifikasi soal-soal yang diberikan. Jika ada yang kurang jelas pada bahan Ajar (BA) guru akan memberikan informasi untuk mengkoreksi kesalahan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 333, "width": 421, "height": 111, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap data collection & processing, guru memantau dan mengontrol setiap kelompok dalam mengamati soal-soal pada Bahan Ajar (BA) dan memberikan respon apabila ada kelompok yang keliru dalam pekerjaannya, kemudian siswa bertanya kepada guru mengenai hal yang belum dipahami dan belum mampu untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal yang diberikan. Selanjutnya, guru meminta siswa untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang perbandingan senilai dan berbalik nilai serta membimbing siswa untuk mengerjakan soal-soal pada Bahan Ajar (BA). Siswa mengumpulkan informasi tentang perbandingan senilai dan berbalik nilai serta mengerjakan soal-soal yang diberikan serta menulis hasil kerjanya pada lembar yang telah disediakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 453, "width": 421, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap verifikasi, guru menyuruh beberapa perwakilan kelompok untuk menyajikan secara lisan jawaban atas pertanyaan yang telah didiskusikan, siswa menyajikan hasil diskusi kelompok secara rinci dan sistematis. Selanjutnya, guru memberikan kesempatan kepada kelompok lain yang mempunyai jawaban berbeda dengan kelompok penyaji untuk mengkomunikasikan hasil diskusi secara sistematis, siswa mengevaluasi jawaban kelompok penyaji serta memberikan masukan kepada kelompok penyaji.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 535, "width": 421, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap generalisasi, guru mengarahkan siswa dalam hasil memecahkan masalah yang lebih tepat, jika hasil presentasi kelompok penyaji dan masukan dari kelompok lain kurang lengkap. Siswa mendengarkan arahan guru mengenai pemecahan masalah yang tepat. Selanjutnya, guru membimbing siswa untuk menarik kesimpulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 591, "width": 421, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai pada empat pertemuan dan pemberian tes akhir pada pertemuan kelima dikelas eksperimen 1 diperoleh hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan memiliki kualifikasi cukup. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1, terdapat 2 siswa yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat baik, pada kualifikasi baik terdapat 8 orang, untuk kualifikasi cukup terdapat 6 orang, sedangkan kualifikasi kurang 2 orang, dan kualifikasi sangat kurang 2 orang. Hasil rata-rata tes akhir kelas eksperimen 1 sebesar 72.06.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 698, "width": 422, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil tes akhir dapat terlihat bahwa ada siswa yang memperoleh nilai lebih dari atau sama dengan 90 yaitu 2 orang. Hal ini terjadi sebagai akibat dari penggunaan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning yang menuntut siswa untuk aktif dalam pembelajaran, sehingga membuat siswa yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif yang tergolong tinggi mampu berpikir dan menggunakan kemampuan untuk menemukan hasil akhir dari suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal \| Juni 2022 \| Volume 4 Nomor 1 \| 16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 50, "width": 422, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "permasalahan yang diberikan. Didukung oleh pendapat Ratumanan (2015: 211) yang menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan aktif serta meningkatkan kemampuan kerja sama dan kecakapan sosial.Adapun siswa yang memperoleh nilai kurang dari 40, ini disebabkan karena kemampuan berpikir rasional siswa yang masih terbatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Proses belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 2 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 150, "width": 422, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada kegiatan inti pembelajaran, pertama guru melakukan demonstrasi untuk menggali pengetahuan awal siswa dengan tanya jawab selama 2 menit dan siswa memikirkan jawabannya terhadap pertanyaan yang diberikan. Selanjutnya guru membagikan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) kepada masing-masing siswa dan meminta siswa untuk mengerjakan masalah yang ada pada LKS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 220, "width": 422, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap think , masing-masing siswa berpikir masalah yang diberikan dalam bentuk LKS secara individu sebelum mereka berdiskusi dengan pasangannya. Pada tahap tersebut siswa terlihat aktif untuk mencari solusi dari masalah yang diberikan secara individu sehingga mereka dapat berdiskusi dengan pasangannya mengenai solusi dari masalah yang diberikan dalam LKS. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Huda (2013: 206) yang mengatakan bahwa pentingnya think p ada pembelajaran kooperatif yang saat ini menjadi salah satu factor yang utama dalam meningkatkan respons siswa terhadap pertanyaan maupun masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 314, "width": 421, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap pair , setiap kelompok mendiskusikan mengenai jawaban atas permasalahan yang diberikan pada LKS. Setiap pasangan terlihat saling membantu dalam menyelesaikan LKS dan menjelaskan apabila ada teman kelompoknya tidak memahami, hal tersebut membuat mereka dapat bekerja sama, saling berpendapat, dan menerima pendapat orang lain setelah menyelesaikan masalah yang ada pada LKS. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Isjoni (2010: 78) yang mengatakan bahwa pada tahap pair memberikan siswa kesempatan untuk bekerja sama dengan orang lain, sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan partisipasi siswa secara individu maupun kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 421, "width": 422, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap share , guru meminta salah satu perwakilan dari kelompok untuk mempresentasikan jawaban mereka di depan kelas dan kelompok lain juga diberi kesempatan untuk menanggapi atau memberi masukan terhadap kelompok yang presentasi. Bagi kelompok yang mempresentasikan atau yang menanggapi diberikan penghargaan berupa pujian dan tepuk tangan dari guru dan teman-temannya, sehingga siswa lebih bersemangat dalam menyelesaikan LKS pada pembelajaran-pembelajaran selanjutnya. Pada akhir pembelajaran guru membimbing siswa untuk menyimpulkan materi yang telah dipelajari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 516, "width": 422, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai pada empat pertemuan dan pemberian tes akhir pada pertemuan kelima dikelas eksperimen 2 diperoleh hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan memiliki kualifikasi kurang. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa pada kelas eksperimen 2 dengan kualifikasi sangat baik tidak ada, kualifikasi baik terdapat 4 orang , untuk kualifikasi cukup terdapat 8 orang, sedangkan kualifikasi kurang 3 orang, dan kualifikasi sangat kurang 5 orang. Hasil rata-rata tes akhir kelas eksperimen 2 sebesar 58.41.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 610, "width": 421, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat terlihat bahwa ada siswa yang tidak memperoleh nilai yang lebih dari atau sama dengan 90 dan masih ada siswa yang memiliki nilai yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat kurang yaitu 5 orang dengan memperoleh nilai kurang dari 40. Hal ini terjadi sebagai akibat dari jumlah kelompok pada kelas ekperimen 2 yang terdiri dari 10 kelompok, sehingga pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung, banyak kelompok yang menyampaikan kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan. Hal ini membuat guru mengalami kesulitan untuk mengontrol kelompok yang berselisih karena jumlah yang banyak. Selain itu, bagi siswa yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif yang tergolong sedang atau rendah akan mengalami kesulitan dalam menyampaikan ide-ide yang muncul.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dan kelas eksperimen 2 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 28, "width": 111, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 50, "width": 422, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan belajar mengajar dilakukan selama empat kali pertemuan pada masing-masing kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2. Pada saat melakukan kegiatan belajar mengajar, siswa dikelas eksperimen 1 san eksperimen 2 terlihat lebih aktif. Keaktifan siswa terlihat saat siswa bekerja sama dalam mengerjakan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) yang telah dibagikan, meskipun dalam mengerjakan LKS terjadi kegaduhan dalam kelas. Kegaduhan itu terjadi karena adanya perbedaan pendapat antara anggota dalam kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 132, "width": 421, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses belajar mengajar dilakukan sebanyak empat kali, pertemuan untuk masing- masing kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2, selanjutnya dilakukan pertemuan kelima untuk memberikan tes akhir pada kedua kelas. Tes akhir yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisa untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada kedua kelas yang diberikan model pembelajaran yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 201, "width": 422, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2 ini juga memberikan hasil yang berbeda. Hal ini terdapat pada hasil analisis uji-t yang menunjukan bahwa nilai Sig.(2-tailled) yaitu 0.034 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Sehingga ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 270, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Komparasi hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dan kelas eksperimen 2 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 308, "width": 421, "height": 87, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melakukan uji prasyarat analisis diperoleh data yang diambil dinyatakan normal dan homogen, selanjutnya untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran yang lebih baik dari kedua model pembelajaran yang digunakan. Dapat dibuktikan dengan menggunakan uji lanjut post hoc LSD dengan perhitungan, nilai sig yaitu 0.04 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Sehingga hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 403, "width": 422, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian dan pengujian hipotesis, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan. Hal ini disebabkan karena pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning memberikan kesempatan untuk siswa berpikir dan berinisiatif sendiri dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan serta melatih siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Mudjiman (2007: 7) yang mengatakan bahwa kemandirian dalam belajar adalah aktivitas belajar yang berlangsung karena motif sendiri untuk menguasai sesuatu kompetensi guna mengatasi sesuatu masalah, dan dibangun dengan bekal pengetahuan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 443, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 58.41. Hal tersebut terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa dengan kualifikasi sangat baik tidak ada, kualifikasi baik 4 orang, kualifikasi cukup 8 orang, kualifikasi kurang 3 orang, kualifikasi sangat kurang 5 orang. Secara keseluruhan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share termasuk kategori kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 649, "width": 443, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 72.06. Hal tersebut terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa dengan kualifikasi sangat baik 2 orang, kualifikasi baik 8 orang, kualifikasi cukup 6 orang, kualifikasi kurang 2 orang, kualifikasi sangat kurang 2 orang. Secara keseluruhan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning termasuk kategori cukup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t atau uji beda rata-rata terlihat bahwa nilai Sig.(2- tailed) yaitu 0,034 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Hal tersebut menyebabkan 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima, yang berarti bahwa ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal \| Juni 2022 \| Volume 4 Nomor 1 \| 18", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 443, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji lanjut Post Hoc LSD terlihat bahwa nilai sig sebesar 0.04 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Hal tersebut menyebabkan 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima, yang berarti bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 337, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akbar, S. 2013. Instrumen Perangkat Pembelajaran. Bandung: Remaja Roskardaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anarsih, W & Hartaya, K. 2015. Hubungan Antara Konsep Diri Matematika dan Minat Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik Kelas V Sd Negeri Tegalwaru 03 Ciampea, Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan: Vol.4. No.2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 274, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hamalik, O. 2011. Proses Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta : Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 304, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hamdayana, Jumanta, 2016. Metodologi Pengajaran. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 307, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Haris, F. 2015. Pengaruh Model Guided Discovery Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri Karangpandan Tahun Pelajaran 2013/ 2014. Surakarta : program studi pendidikan biologi FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. 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4a1a42bd-fc02-43d9-939a-66b38e8fed06	https://journal.isi.ac.id/index.php/JTKS/article/download/11811/3751	[ { "left": 92, "top": 771, "width": 136, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History: Revised: 07 Maret 2024 Accepted: 01 April 2024 Publish: 25 Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 134, "top": 86, "width": 130, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 340, "top": 43, "width": 121, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TATA KELOLA SENI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 340, "top": 53, "width": 110, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, Juni 2024 Hlm. 25 – 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 118, "width": 364, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival sebagai Wadah Membangun Ekosistem Seni di Kota Batam", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 203, "top": 189, "width": 217, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1* & Merry Merry 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 203, "width": 341, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Program Pascasarjana Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Jalan Nusa Indah, Sumerta, Kecamatan Denpasar Timur, Kota Denpasar, Bali 80235", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 226, "width": 260, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Universal, Sungai Panas, Batam Kota, Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau 29444 * Correspondence Author Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 285, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 296, "width": 336, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival di Batam merupakan inisiatif dari Beatus Finis Creative , menjadi wadah penting untuk mengapresiasi seni pertunjukan di tengah perkembangan seni di Kota Batam. Dalam konteks kebutuhan ruang apresiasi seni tari di Batam, festival ini membangun sinergi antara pelaku seni tari berpengalaman dan pendatang baru, menggabungkan tari tradisi, kreativitas modern, dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap seni budaya. Program Bincang Seni Santai memberikan kontribusi pada pendidikan dan pengembangan pengetahuan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Artikel ini menyoroti peran kunci manajemen seni dalam kesuksesan Geratri Festival sebagai wujud perayaan Hari Tari Dunia. Artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa manajemen seni berperan penting dalam mengkoordinasikan pengelolaan Geratri Festival demi membangun ekosistem seni lokal. Melalui metode kualitatif, termasuk pengamatan langsung, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kontribusi Geratri Festival pada pengembangan seni di Batam. Temuan penelitian menggarisbawahi peran manajemen seni dan dampak Geratri Festival pada pertumbuhan ekosistem seni di Kota Batam, serta memperhatikan peran institusi pendidikan dalam membangun dan memelihara festival seni di kota ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 492, "width": 283, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : geratri festival, seni tari, manajemen seni, ekosistem seni", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 516, "width": 330, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Arts Governance in Geratri Festival as a Platform to Build the Arts Ecosystem in Batam City", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 551, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 562, "width": 335, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Geratri Festival in Batam is an initiative by Beatus Finis Creative, serving as a crucial platform to appreciate performing arts amidst the evolving artistic scene in Batam City. Addressing the need for a space to appreciate dance in Batam, the festival fosters collaboration between experienced and emerging dance artists, blending traditional dance, modern creativity, and a profound understanding of cultural art. The 'Bincang Seni Santai' program contributes to the education and development of performing arts knowledge in Batam. This article highlights the key role of arts management in the success of the Geratri Festival as a celebration of World Dance Day. It reveals that arts management is vital in coordinating Geratri Festival operations to build the local arts ecosystem. This research explores the Geratri Festival's contribution to developing the arts in Batam using qualitative methods, including direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings underscore the role of Arts Governance and the impact of the Geratri Festival on the growth of the arts ecosystem in Batam, also emphasizing the role of educational institutions in establishing and sustaining art festivals in the city.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 746, "width": 285, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: geratri festival, dance art, arts management, art ecosystem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 130, "width": 400, "height": 217, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seni tari merupakan bentuk ekspresi budaya yang kaya, di mana menyatukan elemen kreatif dalam pertunjukan mendalam. Di tengah perkembangan seni pertunjukan, Geratri Festival di Batam menjadi wadah apresiasi yang penting. Di dalam kota yang berkembang pesat ini, belum ada platform memadai untuk merayakan para pelaku seni tari. Festival ini hadir sebagai inisiatif bersejarah dengan tema uniknya, menggabungkan penyuaraan, ruang, dan tari. Geratri Festival bukan hanya pertunjukan, tetapi juga kehangatan kebersamaan antara pelaku seni tari, menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari seni dan budaya Batam. Festival seni di ruang publik adalah kegiatan budaya yang melibatkan interaksi berbagai komunitas dan kelompok secara luas. Tempat-tempat umum seperti alun-alun, taman, bahkan jalan raya sering dijadikan lokasi festival, baik yang diinisiasi oleh masyarakat maupun difasilitasi oleh pemerintah. Festival memiliki fungsi sebagai platform untuk mempromosikan keragaman budaya, memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat, serta menarik wisatawan (Lahpan et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 400, "height": 234, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di tengah kebutuhan akan ruang apresiasi seni tari di Batam, Geratri Festival memiliki urgensi sebagai peringatan Hari Tari Dunia pertama di kota ini. Festival ini tidak hanya mengenang, tetapi juga merangkul hubungan antara pelaku seni tari yang berpengalaman dan yang baru merintis jejak. Apresiasi ini menjadi landasan untuk membangun sinergi antara tari tradisi, kreativitas modern, dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap seni budaya. Organisasi seni adalah tempat yang menampung orang-orang dengan minat atau bakat dalam seni, serta mereka yang baru ingin belajar tentang seni. Secara tidak langsung, organisasi seni menyatukan individu-individu yang memiliki kemampuan, keinginan, karakter, jiwa, dan selera seni dengan keunikan masing-masing (Wiresna, 2022). Melalui program bincang seni santai, Geratri Festival juga berkontribusi pada pendidikan dan pengembangan pengetahuan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Dengan tujuan utama menciptakan ruang inklusif, memperkenalkan keberagaman seni tari, dan meningkatkan kualitas pengkarya lokal, Geratri Festival menjadi ajang membangun pertukaran ide positif dan pertumbuhan seni di Batam (Merry, Geratri Festival di Batam, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 590, "width": 400, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam perkembangan peradaban, seni selalu memainkan peran penting sebagai aktivitas kreatif manusia. Seni mencerminkan kebutuhan mendasar, mirip dengan adaptasi atau eksistensi, yang mendorong manusia secara terus-menerus untuk menciptakan karya-karya yang indah. Ketika usaha-usaha ekspresif yang spontan berubah karena kesadaran manusia akan dampaknya terhadap diri sendiri dan orang lain, seni mulai digunakan dengan sengaja sebagai alat ekspresi. Dalam konteks ini, tindakan-tindakan ekspresif berkembang menjadi seni (Doubler, 2018). Jika dikaitkan dengan perkembangan ekosistem seni, kita dapat melihat bagaimana kesadaran akan dampak seni tidak hanya memengaruhi individu tetapi juga komunitas seni secara keseluruhan. Saat seniman menyadari pengaruh karya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mereka, mereka mulai menciptakan dengan lebih sadar dan terarah. Ekosistem seni pun berkembang dengan adanya interaksi antara seniman, karya seni, dan audiens, yang semuanya saling memengaruhi dan menciptakan lingkungan yang kaya akan ekspresi dan inovasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 180, "width": 400, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artikel ini mendalami peran kunci manajemen seni dalam Geratri Festival. Dalam konteks seni pertunjukan yang berkembang di Batam, artikel ini menggali urgensi manajemen seni sebagai tulang punggung kesuksesan festival. Pada manajemen seni tidak hanya mengkoordinasikan aspek teknis tetapi juga membangun ekosistem seni lokal, memberikan inspirasi dan wawasan bagi praktisi seni dan pengelola acara, serta mengoptimalkan peran manajemen seni untuk menciptakan lingkungan seni yang dinamis dan berkelanjutan di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 291, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu program pertunjukan tidak dapat ditetapkan bila tujuan belum ditentukan. Akurasi tujuan hanya mungkin digapai dengan melibatkan berbagai situasi yang muncul ke permukaan dan mengantisipasinya untuk masa mendatang. Kenyataannya, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan seni pertunjukan tidak terlepas dari faktor hegemoni (kekuasaan), pasar, teknologi, seniman pelaku/artisnya. Masing-masing faktor tersebut akan saling berinteraksi secara paradigmatik, baik sebagai pelindung, pendukung, dan pelaksana pertunjukan. Apalagi dalam situasi perubahan yang dahsyat dan rumit sebagai akibat perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi komunikasi dan informasi yang menjangkau kawasan luas (globalisasi) sehingga mendorong manusia untuk selalu menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi yang ada (Jazuli, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan utama penulisan artikel ini adalah mengedukasi pembaca mengenai peran penting manajemen seni dalam Geratri Festival, memberikan wawasan praktis, merangsang kolaborasi antara pelaku seni, penyelenggara acara, dan institusi pendidikan di Batam. Fokusnya adalah memberikan panduan praktis untuk menciptakan lingkungan seni yang inklusif dan kuat dalam komunitas. Selain memberikan informasi, juga berusaha menginspirasi pembaca untuk aktif berkontribusi dalam membangun dan memelihara festival seni lokal melalui seni pertunjukan dan peran instansi pendidikan seni di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 592, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun belum ada festival serupa di Batam, hipotesis yang diajukan tidak hanya menjadi gambaran faktual tentang Geratri Festival, tetapi juga merupakan kontribusi signifikan untuk pemahaman tentang bagaimana festival ini memengaruhi ekosistem seni di Batam melalui seni pertunjukan dan bincang seni santai yang merupakan program reguler dari Universitas Universal Batam. Naratif yang disusun dari temuan penelitian akan membantu merinci peran kreatif, nilai budaya, dan dampak positif kolaborasi antarkomunitas seni.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 130, "width": 400, "height": 233, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metodologi penelitian merupakan kerangka pemecahan masalah yang menggambarkan tahap-tahap penyelesaian masalah secara singkat beserta penjelasannya. Metode adalah bagian yang secara teknis menjelaskan prosedur pengumpulan data, pengolahan, dan teknik analisisnya. Dengan membaca bagian ini, pembaca dapat memahami cara kerja peneliti dalam melaksanakan, melaporkan, dan menganalisis penelitiannya (Zaluchu, 2021). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan merancang kegiatan yang melibatkan partisipasi langsung untuk mendapatkan pengalaman mendalam mengenai Geratri Festival di Batam. Penelitian kualitatif adalah jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam konteks alami dengan tujuan menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi. Metode ini melibatkan berbagai teknik untuk menemukan dan menggambarkan secara naratif aktivitas yang dilakukan serta dampaknya terhadap kehidupan para subjek penelitian (Fadli, 2021). Pengamatan langsung dan pencatatan lapangan digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menciptakan narasi visual yang mendalam, menggambarkan keberagaman pertunjukan, dan respons masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 368, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data melibatkan wawancara dengan berbagai pihak terkait, seperti pelaku seni, penyelenggara, dan penonton. Wawancara membahas kontribusi seni pertunjukan, peran masing-masing pihak, dan dampak festival pada pengembangan seni di Batam. Observasi langsung dilakukan selama pertunjukan untuk mencatat visual, interaksi, dan atmosfer keseluruhan festival. Dokumentasi melibatkan pengumpulan berbagai informasi terkait Geratri Festival, seperti video, foto, laporan, artikel berita, dan materi promosi. Integrasi teknik-teknik ini menciptakan triangulasi data, meningkatkan validitas temuan penelitian. Berikut ini daftar informan pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 527, "width": 376, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Data Informan Penelitian No. Nama Jabatan Usia 1. Denny Eko Wibowo Dekan Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam 39 tahun 2. Merry Pimpinan Beatus Finis Creative & Pimpinan Produksi Geratri Festival 26 tahun 3. Radika Dhimas Putra Alantino Anggota Beatus Finis Creative & Pimpinan Artistik Geratri Festival 26 tahun 4. Restu Gustian Asra Anggota Beatus Finis Creative & PIC Talent Geratri Festival 24 tahun 5. Rudi Hartono Talent Geratri Fest (Perwakilan Komunitas) 25 tahun 6. Dhimas Ikhfatull Ichwan Pengunjung pada acara Geratri Festival 23 tahun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 293, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Deskripsi Event Geratri Festival dan Bincang Seni Santai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 146, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival, sebuah inisiatif dari Beatus Finis Creative, menjadi puncak perayaan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Beatus Finis Creative membangun Geratri Festival dengan visi menciptakan ruang apresiasi yang menghubungkan pelaku seni tari, baik yang telah berkiprah lama maupun yang baru merintis karir sehingga dapat dikatakan komunitas ini sebagai komunitas produksi pertunjukan yang telah menorehkan sejumlah kesuksesan. Geratri Festival ini tidak hanya menjadi wadah untuk pertunjukan unik tetapi juga sebagai penghormatan terhadap Hari Tari Dunia dengan mengusung tema penyuaraan, ruang, dan tari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 273, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Acara ini menawarkan lebih dari sekadar pertunjukan. Bincang seni santai, sebuah program diskusi kreatif yang diadakan di Universitas Universal, memberikan wadah bagi para koreografer untuk berbagi proses kreatif mereka. Program ini, yang telah menjadi program reguler di Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal, membuka jendela wawasan terhadap seni budaya melalui karya tari. Geratri Festival menciptakan peluang dengan mengundang peserta sebanyak 25 kelompok tari dari berbagai kelompok tari untuk berpartisipasi dan menghadirkan pengalaman seni yang tak terlupakan bagi 300-800 penonton dari berbagai kalangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 416, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival, yang dijadwalkan pada Minggu, 7 Mei 2023, mulai pukul 16.00 WIB hingga selesai, berlangsung di Central Square Garden dengan konsep panggung arena. Salah satu ciri dari bentuk pentas arena adalah bahwa antara pemeran dan penonton hampir tidak memiliki batas. Dengan perkataan lain, hubungan antara penonton dan pemeran dalam pentas arena ini dapat dikatakan akrab sekali (Padmodarmaya, 1988). Penggunaan setting alam terbuka sebagai sarana untuk memberikan dukungan terhadap proses pembelajaran secara menyeluruh dan sekaligus membebaskan para peserta dari impitan suasana dan ritme rutinitas kerja yang biasa mereka alami (Riskomar & Elfily, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 559, "width": 400, "height": 169, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Acara ini menawarkan pertunjukan seni tari yang beragam, menciptakan ruang apresiasi bagi para pelaku seni tari di Batam. Menariknya, festival ini menjadi perayaan Hari Tari Dunia yang pertama kali diadakan di Batam, bertujuan untuk mempererat dan mempersatukan hubungan antara pelaku seni tari, baik yang sudah lama berkecimpung maupun yang baru memulai. Selain pertunjukan yang menarik, Geratri Festival juga menawarkan ruang diskusi dengan program berjudul “Bincang Seni Santai: Proses Kreatif Karya Tari” pada tanggal 8 Mei 2023, mulai pukul 19.00 WIB hingga 21.00 WIB di Universitas Universal Batam. Program ini secara rutin diadakan di Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam dan bertujuan untuk mengasah keterampilan koreografer serta memperkaya pengetahuan dalam berbagai aspek seni. Kehadiran festival ini ditargetkan untuk mencakup berbagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kalangan, termasuk kelompok tari tradisional, studio tari modern, dan komunitas tari lainnya (Rezky Gustian Asra, wawancara, 9 Juni 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 148, "width": 401, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak hanya menawarkan sajian seni yang menginspirasi, Geratri Festival juga memberikan dampak positif secara sosial dan ekonomi. Penonton tidak hanya menikmati pertunjukan tetapi juga merasakan nuansa santai dengan konsep venue square garden yang nyaman dari Geratri Festival. Selain itu, bazar makanan dan minuman yang didukung oleh tenant lokal memberikan peluang untuk meningkatkan penjualan hingga 10%. Geratri Festival menjadi bagian integral dalam pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan dan keterlibatan masyarakat di Batam dengan menggabungkan seni, pendidikan, dan interaksi komunitas (Merry, wawancara Geratri Festival di Batam, 17 Oktober 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 277, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan dalam Geratri Festival", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen seni memegang peran sentral dalam perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan pada Geratri Festival di Kota Batam. Beatus Finis Creative berdiri sejak Juli 2020 dengan beranggotakan penari dan pemusik yang mahir dalam persiapan produksi pertunjukan dengan fundamental manajemen seni untuk melibatkan pelaku-pelaku seni di Batam. Beatus Finis Creative telah memulai beberapa proyek pertunjukan dari skala kecil hingga besar, dipertemukan dari sebuah fakultas seni yang kemudian direalisasikan ke dalam penggarapan pertunjukan di instansi lainnya (Merry, wawancara profil Beatus Finis Creative, 10 Juni 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 401, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem manajemen seni pertunjukan adalah bagian integral dari struktur pengelolaan dalam sebuah organisasi. Sistem manajemen ini melibatkan proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengawasan, dan evaluasi (Alhazmi, 2023). Manajemen dapat diartikan sebagai tindakan kepemimpinan atau rangkaian kegiatan bimbingan dan pengawasan dalam berbagai usaha untuk mencapai tujuan yang dilakukan oleh para pemimpin. Dalam konsepnya, manajemen adalah suatu proses, kelompok orang yang terlibat dalam kegiatan tersebut, serta merupakan gabungan seni dan ilmu dalam mengelola keahlian (M. Jazuli, 2014). Mengingat bahwa manajemen produksi pertunjukan pada dasarnya berasal dari konsep manajemen, pemahaman terhadap fungsi dasar manajemen menjadi sangat penting. George R. Terry (1960) menggambarkan fungsi dasar manajemen sebagai suatu proses dinamis yang mencakup berbagai fungsi, yaitu: 1) Perencanaan ( planning ),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Pengorganisasian ( organizing ), 3) Penggerakan ( actuating ), 4) Pengawasan atau evaluasi ( controlling ) (Jazuli, 2014).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 400, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pengelolaan event Geratri Festival, penyelenggara menerapkan konsep manajemen dengan mengikuti fungsi dasar manajemen sebagai suatu proses dinamis yang mencakup beberapa fungsi utama. Pembahasan mengenai penerapan fungsi dasar manajemen pada Geratri Festival di antaranya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 116, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perencanaan (Planning)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 132, "width": 401, "height": 170, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perencanaan dapat diartikan sebagai suatu langkah untuk menetapkan tujuan, kebijakan prosedur, pembuatan program, pembiayaan ( budgeting ), serta standar mutu dari kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan. Dalam kegiatan perencanaan, terdapat elemen apa, bagaimana, mengapa, dan kapan tujuan akan dicapai. Inti dari perencanaan adalah memilih opsi terbaik dari berbagai alternatif yang tersedia (Vida & Bisri, 2020). Perencanaan pada Geratri Festival adalah tahap awal yang krusial dalam kesuksesan acara. Tim Beatus Finis Creative juga bertanggung jawab untuk menetapkan tujuan dan visi acara, merumuskan tema yang relevan, serta menyusun rencana strategis untuk mencapai hasil yang diinginkan. Ini mencakup penentuan jadwal pertunjukan, pemilihan seniman yang sesuai, dan alokasi anggaran yang efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival dirancang dengan saksama oleh tim Beatus Finis Creative untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Perencanaan ini melibatkan penyusunan rencana strategis, termasuk pemilihan tema yang relevan, identifikasi seniman, dan pengaturan jadwal pertunjukan. Geratri Festival menggandeng beberapa komunitas seni tari di Kota Batam untuk mendapatkan wawasan yang lebih dalam dari setiap komunitas. Tujuan utama acara ini adalah menjadi platform seni pertunjukan inklusif dan beragam di Kota Batam, mendukung seniman lokal, serta mendorong partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan seni dan budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 401, "height": 265, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada implementasinya, Geratri Festival menjalankan kebijakan prosedur yang terorganisasi dan efisien. Tahapan mencakup penentuan tema, identifikasi seniman, dan jadwal pertunjukan. Langkah pertama melibatkan penentuan tema acara, seperti tema penyuaraan, ruang, dan tari, yang dipilih dengan cermat sesuai dengan visi dan misi festival. Setelah itu, dilakukan identifikasi seniman dan kelompok seni yang ingin berpartisipasi, mengarah pada keberagaman dari genre pertunjukan tari seperti komunitas tari tradisional, kontemporer, serta modern dance yang saat ini sedang berkembang di Kota Batam. Penjadwalan pertunjukan dan diskusi seperti dalam program “Bincang Seni Santai” disesuaikan dengan kondisi ketersediaan lokasi dan tanggal diperingatinya Hari Tari Sedunia. Hari Tari Sedunia diperingati setiap tanggal 29 April, hanya saja pada tanggal yang sama lokasi pertunjukan yang menjadi mitra pada acara ini sudah memiliki jadwal kegiatan yang telah diatur sebelumnya, sehingga penyelenggara mengatur jadwal kembali dan menetapkan tanggal 7 Mei 2023 sampai dengan 8 Mei 2023 sebagai tanggal pelaksanaan kegiatan Geratri Festival. Pemilihan tanggal ini dilakukan agar tidak terlalu jauh dari kemeriahan perayaan Hari Tari Sedunia (Merry, wawancara, Geratri Festival di Batam, 17 Oktober 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 704, "width": 400, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada aspek pembiayaan, perencanaan biaya produksi Geratri Festival memerlukan ketelitian tinggi untuk memastikan kelancaran acara. Prediksi yang akurat menjadi krusial untuk menghindari defisit atau kelebihan biaya yang tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 154, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seimbang. Pengelolaan biaya yang baik mencakup strategi untuk memanfaatkan kelebihan dana dengan bijak, terutama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan artistik yang terus berkembang. Jika kelebihan dana tidak digunakan, dana tersebut dapat dikembalikan ke kas organisasi, menunjukkan transparansi dalam pengelolaan keuangan. Dalam hal pendanaan produksi, Geratri Festival juga mengandalkan sponsor sebagai sumber utama pendanaan produksi, menunjukkan pendekatan yang cermat dan terukur dalam perencanaan budgeting acara ini. Dalam perencanaannya, Geratri Festival juga berkomitmen menjalin kemitraan dengan beberapa instansi, lembaga swasta, dan komunitas untuk memperkuat dampak sosial dan budaya acara ini dalam mendukung pertumbuhan seni dan budaya di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 291, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengorganisasian (Organizing)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 400, "height": 185, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengorganisasian melibatkan pembentukan tim yang terampil dengan peran dan tanggung jawab yang jelas. Tim ini bertanggung jawab untuk menangani semua aspek logistik, termasuk lokasi, perizinan, dan peralatan teknis. Koordinasi dengan seniman, sponsor, dan pihak terkait lainnya juga merupakan bagian integral dari pengorganisasian. Proses organisasi meliputi serangkaian kegiatan yang beragam, dimulai dengan orientasi pada tujuan yang ingin dicapai dan diakhiri dengan kerangka kerja organisasi yang dilengkapi dengan metode dan teknik operasional, serta kekuatan, personel, dan peralatan yang diperlukan (Aprilia & Desfiarni, 2023). Manajemen sumber daya manusia dan fisik, termasuk relawan, juga menjadi fokus utama pada tahap ini. Tahap menciptakan struktur yang terorganisasi dan efisien untuk mendukung pelaksanaan acara dengan lancar. Memastikan keterlibatan semua pihak terkait dengan cara yang terkoordinasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 497, "width": 401, "height": 249, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap kelompok dalam organisasi memiliki struktur kepengurusan sebagai bentuk pengorganisasian. Tujuannya adalah untuk memudahkan pembagian tugas secara lebih terstruktur, sehingga tugas-tugas yang dibagi menjadi lebih mudah, adil, dan efisien (Giarti et al., 2022). Manajemen organisasi dan hubungan antarmanusia bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan potensi kemampuan personel secara optimal, misalnya dengan motivasi, pengarahan, pembagian kerja, dan usaha nonteknik lainnya di mana masing-masing unsur memiliki keterkaitan yang erat (Soeharto, 1999). Beatus Finis Creative merancang struktur organisasinya dengan cermat, terdiri dari tujuh individu yang membentuk tim yang solid. Pemimpin proyek sebagai Project Leader , mengkoordinasikan langkah-langkah keseluruhan dari perencanaan hingga evaluasi, memastikan setiap proyek seni mencapai tujuan yang ditetapkan. Divisi Sponsorship berfokus pada menjalin kemitraan dengan pihak sponsor, mencari dukungan finansial untuk mendukung proyek. Sound Division bertanggung jawab atas aspek audio, memastikan kualitas suara terbaik dalam setiap pertunjukan. Videografer & Design menciptakan elemen visual yang memukau, dari pengambilan gambar hingga desain grafis. Sementara itu, Media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 91, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social & Design mengelola kehadiran online , merancang konten media sosial dan kampanye pemasaran digital. Dengan setiap divisi yang bekerja bersama, Beatus Finis Creative mampu menghadirkan proyek seni yang berkualitas tinggi, menggabungkan keahlian unik dari masing-masing anggota tim untuk menciptakan pengalaman seni baru di Kota Batam (Radika Dimas Putra Alantino, wawancara struktur organisasi Beatus Finis Creative, 15 Juli 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 228, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Penggerakan (Actuating)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 243, "width": 401, "height": 122, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggerakan mencakup tahap pelaksanaan rencana yang telah disusun sebelumnya. Tim pelaksana bertanggung jawab untuk mengkoordinasikan setiap aspek acara, termasuk pengelolaan backstage , pelaksanaan pertunjukan, dan interaksi langsung dengan penonton. Pada tahap ini, penyelenggara juga membentuk tim produksi lapangan yang akan bekerja langsung pada pelaksanaan kegiatan. Dalam suatu pertunjukan, peran manajemen memiliki kepentingan yang setara dengan pemeran (talent) pertunjukan yang terlibat. Manajemen memainkan peran signifikan dalam menjamin keberhasilan pelaksanaan kegiatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 400, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas dan tanggung jawab dari panitia pelaksana ini menjadi kunci dalam mengelola setiap fase pagelaran, termasuk perencanaan awal, promosi dan pemasaran pertunjukan, hingga pengaturan jalannya pertunjukan agar dapat berjalan sukses. Dalam manajemen pertunjukan, biasanya terbentuk suatu panitia atau organisasi produksi yang bertugas mengkoordinasikan setiap tahapan kegiatan sesuai dengan tupoksi (tugas, pokok, dan fungsi) yang telah ditetapkan (Efendi, 2021). Struktur organisasi produksi dapat mengambil bentuk yang sederhana dengan jumlah orang yang terbatas namun tetap mampu menjalankan produksi dengan efektif. Sebaliknya, struktur organisasi produksi juga dapat bersifat kompleks dengan jumlah orang yang banyak, diatur dalam bagian atau sub-bagian yang memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab spesifik. Pendekatan yang pertama bertujuan untuk mencapai efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam menjalankan pekerjaan, memanfaatkan tenaga kerja yang terampil dan profesional untuk memastikan keberhasilan produksi (Murni, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 592, "width": 400, "height": 154, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan Geratri Festival menerapkan struktur tim produksi sederhana yang melibatkan jumlah orang yang terbatas namun tetap bisa menjalankan produksi dengan efektif. Deskripsi pekerjaan menjadi hal yang mendasar bagi setiap divisi agar bekerja sesuai dengan batasan tugasnya dan mengurangi risiko bekerja di luar tanggung jawabnya. Komunikasi yang baik sangat penting untuk menjaga timeline , deadline , dan fokus kerja masing-masing, sehingga semuanya dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien (Putra & Kusuma, 2023). Berdasarkan wawancara dengan Merry mengenai Geratri Festival di Batam tanggal 17 Oktober 2023, Geratri Festival hanya melibatkan sepuluh orang tim produksi yang masing- masing perannya terbagi sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 116, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Struktur Tim Produksi Geratri Festival", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 120, "top": 130, "width": 394, "height": 600, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Nama Struktur Panitia Fungsi Tugas 1. Merry Pimpinan Produksi Bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan keseluruhan produksi lapangan Geratri Festival. • Merencanakan, mengorganisasi, dan mengawasi berbagai aspek teknis dan logistik acara. • Memastikan semua tim bekerja sesuai dengan jadwal dan memenuhi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan. 2. Rezky Gustian Asra Stage Manager Memiliki peran kunci dalam pengaturan jalannya pertunjukan. • Melibatkan koordinasi dengan semua pihak terlibat, termasuk seniman, teknisi, dan pihak terkait lainnya. • Memastikan bahwa setiap elemen pertunjukan berjalan sesuai dengan rencana, termasuk perpindahan peralatan dan persiapan panggung. 3. Radika Dimas Putra Alantino Pimpinan Artistik Bertanggung jawab atas unsur artistik dan kreatif acara. • Bekerja sama dengan seniman untuk memastikan konsep artistik terwujud dalam pertunjukan. • Terlibat dalam pemilihan tema, desain panggung, dan koordinasi elemen visual lainnya. 4. Jhonaldo Sianipar dan Aldi Sound Engineer Berperan penting dalam menangani aspek audio teknis dari pertunjukan. Bertanggung jawab atas penyetelan dan pengelolaan sistem suara, memastikan kualitas audio yang optimal selama acara. 5. Restu Gustian Asra Person in Charge (PIC) Talent Bertanggung jawab mengelola dan berkomunikasi dengan para seniman serta komunitas seni yang terlibat. Membantu memastikan kebutuhan dan persyaratan seniman terpenuhi, serta menyediakan dukungan yang diperlukan selama pertunjukan. 6. Clarita Aurelia Chandra dan Witri Febriyani Tim Dokumentasi Berperan vital dalam menciptakan arsip visual acara, yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk dokumentasi, promosi, dan evaluasi. Bertugas merekam dan mendokumentasikan seluruh acara, termasuk foto dan video. 7. Zuri Felia Savitri dan Febri Stage Crew Berperan penting dalam memastikan segala sesuatu di atas panggung berjalan lancar dan sesuai rencana. Terlibat dalam pekerjaan fisik di lapangan, termasuk pengaturan dan penataan panggung, peralatan, serta membantu seniman selama pertunjukan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 116, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pengawasan dan Evaluasi (Controlling)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 132, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian kinerja suatu rangkaian pekerjaan dengan merinci data sebelum dan setelah jalannya suatu produksi adalah suatu evaluasi. Perbandingan hasilnya dapat menghasilkan penilaian positif atau negatif, keuntungan atau kerugian, manfaat yang diraih atau tidak sama sekali, atau bahkan hanya mencapai titik keseimbangan. Beberapa aspek yang krusial dalam mengevaluasi sebuah produksi melibatkan pencapaian visi produksi yang dinilai dari perspektif seluruh pelaku produksi dan penonton, minat masyarakat yang tercermin dalam komentar dan jumlah penonton, aspek keuangan, perkembangan jaringan produksi, serta keberlanjutan keseluruhan produksi (Murni, 2013). Dalam mengevaluasi Geratri Festival, beberapa aspek menjadi sangat krusial untuk memastikan keberhasilan dan dampak positif acara tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 400, "height": 392, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pencapaian tujuan dari Geratri Festival terlihat pada respons positif dari salah satu penonton pertunjukan Geratri festival yaitu Dimas atau yang akrab dipanggil Iyok ini mengatakan ketertarikannya terhadap festival ini muncul karena jarangnya kota Batam menghadirkan wadah untuk festival tari. Saat menghadiri Geratri Festival, ia terkejut melihat banyaknya penonton yang hadir dengan kurang lebih 300 sampai 500 penonton. Ia menyadari bahwa di tengah kota industri Batam masih banyak masyarakat yang antusias terhadap seni pertunjukan. Beberapa pertunjukan yang paling berkesan baginya adalah karya tari Seri Petua, Muleh, dan Burung Kabar Burung. Ia sangat bangga dengan keragaman seni pertunjukan yang ditampilkan, menilai bahwa Geratri Festival menjadi awal baru untuk perkembangan seni di Batam. Iyok berharap Geratri Festival dapat diadakan lagi di masa mendatang dan menjadi event bulanan, bahkan menjadi objek wisata yang diakui oleh Pemerintah Kota Batam dan pusat pariwisata. Sebagai saran, Iyok menginginkan konsep acara yang lebih tertata dan harapannya agar terdapat interaksi yang lebih intens antara pengisi acara dengan penonton. Melihat peran Geratri Festival dalam meningkatkan kehidupan seni dan budaya di Kota Batam, ia merasa hal ini sangat baik, berharap dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi Pemerintah Kota Batam untuk menyelenggarakan acara-acara seni yang lebih besar dan melibatkan seniman dari berbagai tingkatan, termasuk skala provinsi, nasional, bahkan internasional (D. I. Ichwan, wawancara Respons Terhadap Pertunjukan Geratri Fest, 9 Mei 2023). Dalam pengelolaan aset seni, keaktifan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mendukung seniman dan menghargai karya seni menjadi aspek krusial. Keterlibatan aktif masyarakat memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan urgensi melestarikan serta memanfaatkan aset seni secara berkelanjutan (Ardiyasa, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan Komunitas Seni dan Pengaruh pada Pertumbuhan Seni Pertunjukan di Kota Batam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 148, "width": 400, "height": 217, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival tidak sekadar menjadi sebuah festival seni, tetapi juga menjadi pusat pengembangan dan penguatan komunitas seni di Batam. Produk budaya dihasilkan oleh perilaku individu atau kelompok yang diperkenalkan melalui interaksi sosial dalam kegiatan kelompok untuk membangun kehidupan yang lebih baik. Dorongan manusia untuk mencapai perkembangan hidup yang lebih baik ini menciptakan sebuah komunitas yang baik (Pitaloka, 2017). Festival ini telah menciptakan platform yang memungkinkan seniman dan pelaku seni lokal untuk berkumpul, berkolaborasi, dan bersatu dalam satu wadah perayaan seni yang besar. Dalam konteks ini, Geratri Festival tidak hanya menjadi pesta seni tahunan, melainkan juga sarana pembinaan, pelatihan, dan pertukaran gagasan antarkomunitas seni di kota. Kebebasan berekspresi oleh komunitas seni dalam ruang alternatif yang dikemas dalam ajang festival dipahami sebagai bagian dari upaya pencarian peran dan penegasan atas identitas diri berbasis pada kelokalan (Aswoyo & Sularso, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap kelompok seni membawa kekayaan seni dan budaya mereka sendiri ke panggung Geratri Festival, menciptakan suasana yang memadukan tradisi dan inovasi. Pertukaran ide, teknik, dan kreativitas antarkelompok seni menciptakan lingkungan di mana seniman dapat saling menginspirasi dan mengembangkan diri mereka, membuka jalan bagi pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Seni merupakan bagian integral dari kebudayaan yang tumbuh dan berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan manusia, baik sebagai pencipta maupun penikmatnya. Seni memiliki nilai estetis yang menarik bagi manusia dan mengandung ide-ide yang diekspresikan melalui aktivitas atau bentuk visual sebagai lambang (Idawati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 400, "height": 106, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seni pertunjukan berperan sebagai bentuk seni yang tidak hanya menjadi hiburan, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai sarana ritual dan presentasi estetis. Pemahaman ini menguatkan ide bahwa seni pertunjukan dapat menjadi pedoman perilaku sosial bagi manusia (Darlenis, 2021). Dalam konteks Geratri Festival, pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan tidak hanya tercermin dalam acara tahunan itu sendiri, tetapi juga memiliki dampak jangka panjang pada komunitas seni. Festival ini menjadi pendorong meningkatnya apresiasi masyarakat terhadap seni", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 612, "width": 262, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Penampilan salah satu komunitas seni di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 624, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 249, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertunjukan lokal, membuka peluang bagi seniman setempat untuk mendapatkan pengakuan lebih luas dan mengembangkan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Hubungan yang terbentuk dalam masyarakat sosial terikat pada cara mereka menciptakan produksi kehidupan material mereka. Program-program yang dihadirkan oleh suatu komunitas membentuk posisi di mana terdapat karya antara seniman dan masyarakat. Karya tersebut pada akhirnya memberikan pengetahuan atau pengalaman yang dapat diapresiasi oleh masyarakat. Selain itu, karya yang ada dalam konteks lingkungan masyarakat juga berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara seniman dan masyarakat (Almusoffa & Anggrian, 2022). Dengan demikian, Geratri Festival bukan hanya sebuah peristiwa tahunan, melainkan juga dasar untuk pertumbuhan dan keberlanjutan seni pertunjukan di kota Batam. Kebudayaan yang akan hidup terus-menerus dengan memperbarui dirinya. Jika kebudayaan tersebut berhenti memperbarui diri, maka ia akan mati. Kekuatan untuk memperbarui diri berasal dari semangat hidup yang ada dalam setiap individu yang mendukung kebudayaan tersebut. Semangat hidup ini muncul dalam bentuk pikiran, perasaan, dan keinginan batin setiap orang (Rendra, 1984).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 400, "height": 281, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Rudi Hartono yang merupakan salah satu penampil, Geratri Festival memiliki peran krusial dalam pengembangan komunitas seni lokal di Kota Batam dan sekitarnya melalui penyelenggaraan pagelaran tari skala besar. Upaya konkret yang terlihat adalah peran aktif panitia melalui media sosial serta keterlibatan banyak seniman tari dalam acara ini. Manfaat yang terlihat dalam pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan di Kota Batam adalah sebagai wadah untuk pertukaran gagasan dan perluasan wawasan, terutama dalam seni tari. Rudi Hartono juga mengatakan Geratri Festival secara tidak langsung dapat mengatasi tantangan dalam membangun komunitas seni inklusif dengan keterlibatan rutin dan melibatkan kembali seniman yang pernah terlibat. Festival ini juga berhasil melibatkan generasi muda dalam komunitas seni, memberikan mereka peluang untuk belajar dan berkembang sebagai seniman. Dampak positif Geratri Festival terlihat dari antusiasme masyarakat dan perkembangan seniman, baik dari segi partisipasi maupun perkembangan kualitas seni pertunjukan. Geratri Festival juga memiliki program seperti “Bincang Seni Santai” yang dirancang untuk memperkuat konektivitas antara komunitas seni di Kota Batam dan membangun kerja sama yang berkelanjutan (R. Hartono, wawancara Perkembangan Ekosistem Seni di Kota Batam melalui Geratri Fest, 9 Mei 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 400, "height": 90, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberadaan komunitas tergantung pada kesadaran untuk saling berinteraksi dalam memahami norma-norma sosial, tradisi, serta bersama-sama memberikan makna pada nilai dan tujuan bersama. Proses ini menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran komunitas seni di kota Batam turut berkontribusi pada dinamika sosial. Dinamika sosial dimulai dari interaksi sosial sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman seni bagi seluruh komunitas seni di kota Batam. Peningkatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 43, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengetahuan dan pengalaman seni ini membuka peluang kreativitas bagi komunitas seni, dengan dampak yang dirasakan pada kehidupan kesenian di wilayah Kota Batam secara umum (Aswoyo & Sularso, 2020: 131).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 291, "width": 400, "height": 106, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daya perekat suatu kelompok, terutama berasal dari kepentingan bersama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sosialnya, umumnya didasarkan pada kesamaan budaya, ideologi, dan status sosial-ekonomi. Selain itu, secara fisik, kelompok ini umumnya terbatas oleh lokasi atau batas geografis tertentu. Oleh karena itu, setiap kelompok memiliki pendekatan dan mekanisme yang unik dalam menanggapi dan mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapinya, serta dalam mengembangkan kapabilitas kelompok mereka (Setiawan, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 402, "width": 400, "height": 233, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberhasilan Geratri Festival sebagai satu-satunya festival yang menghimpun kelompok seni dapat dijelaskan melalui konsep daya perekatnya. Inti festival ini terletak pada kepentingan bersama para pelaku seni di Kota Batam. Festival ini menjadi titik pertemuan berbagai kelompok seni dengan kesamaan budaya, ideologi, dan status sosial-ekonomi terkait seni pertunjukan. Lokasi di Kota Batam menjadi faktor fisik yang memperkuat identitas kelompok ini. Pelaku seni dari latar belakang beragam bersatu dalam Geratri Festival, menciptakan ruang untuk berbagi, belajar, dan berkembang bersama. Keberhasilan festival ini tak hanya terletak pada pertunjukan, tetapi juga pada cara mereka mengatasi keterbatasan seperti logistik, kerja sama antarkelompok, dan perbedaan pendekatan seni. Dengan demikian, Geratri Festival menjadi contoh nyata bagaimana komunitas seni dapat tumbuh melalui daya perekat dari kesamaan kepentingan, budaya, dan kondisi sosial-ekonomi, diwujudkan dalam ruang geografis Kota Batam. Pendekatan dan mekanisme unik ini membantu Geratri Festival sukses menyatukan beragam bakat seni dan menciptakan ekosistem seni yang dinamis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 355, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran Instansi Pendidikan Seni di Kota Batam pada Geratri Festival", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 672, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Universal Batam, melalui Program Studi Seni Tari, juga memegang peran dalam kesuksesan Geratri Festival di Kota Batam. Mahasiswa dan dosen dari Program Studi Seni Tari Universitas Universal Batam terlibat secara aktif dalam berbagai tahapan festival, memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap keragaman dan kualitas pertunjukan seni yang ditampilkan. Pendidikan seni kini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 259, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Antusias masyarakat terhadap Geratri Festival.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 270, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 123, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempertimbangkan konsep 'pemfungsian seni' daripada sekadar 'penularan seni', dengan tujuan menggunakan seni sebagai sarana untuk membantu perkembangan individu peserta didik dalam persiapan menuju masa depan mereka. Ini dikenal sebagai fungsi seni sebagai aset pendidikan atau 'fungsi didik seni' ( education through arts ). Dalam hal ini, seni berperan dalam membantu mengembangkan potensi penuh peserta didik, dengan karakteristik seni dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung persiapan generasi penerus yang menjadi harapan bagi bangsa dan negara (Sabri, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 243, "width": 400, "height": 234, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bapak Denny Eko Wibowo selaku Dekan Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam mengatakan partisipasi mahasiswa dari Program Studi Seni Tari tidak terbatas pada peran sebagai penari semata, namun mereka juga turut serta dalam manajemen panggung dan pengembangan konsep artistik. Dengan demikian, mahasiswa tidak hanya mendapatkan pengalaman praktis dalam dunia seni pertunjukan tetapi juga mengasah keterampilan kreatif mereka melalui proses kolaboratif. Dosen dari Program Studi Seni Tari Universitas Universal Batam juga terlibat pada kegiatan ini walaupun belum secara penuh. Dosen yang terlibat tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pembimbing, tetapi juga sebagai mentor bahkan ikut serta sebagai pelaku seni yang menyajikan karya tarinya yang luar biasa. Mereka memberikan panduan dan dukungan kepada mahasiswa, membimbing mereka dalam proses kreatif dan teknis. Kolaborasi yang erat antara mahasiswa dan dosen menciptakan dinamika unik dalam penyelenggaraan Geratri Festival (D. E. Wibowo, wawancara Peran Instansi Pendidikan dalam Geratri Festival, 9 Mei 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 481, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Universal Batam, khususnya Program Studi Seni Tari, juga mengintegrasikan program pendidikan seni mereka dengan Geratri Festival. Tidak hanya berperan sebagai penyumbang talenta seni melalui Program Studi Seni Tari, tetapi juga menghadirkan dimensi pendidikan seni yang lebih dalam melalui program “Bincang Seni Santai yang ke-9” (BSS#9) yang terintegrasi dengan Geratri Festival. Program ini, yang sebelumnya telah menjadi bagian reguler dari Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal, memperkaya pengalaman festival dengan menyuguhkan ruang diskusi yang mendalam tentang proses kreatif dalam seni pertunjukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 733, "width": 150, "height": 21, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. “Bincang Seni Santai #9” Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 114, "width": 400, "height": 109, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Bincang Seni Santai” di Geratri Festival menjadi wadah edukasi bagi para pelaku seni dan penonton. Mahasiswa dan dosen dari Program Studi Seni Tari Universitas Universal Batam memainkan peran menjadi narasumber dalam diskusi ini, membagikan wawasan mereka tentang perkembangan seni pertunjukan dan mengeksplorasi bagaimana proses kreatif yang dilakukan dalam penciptaan karya. Interaksi ini membuka peluang untuk pertukaran ide dan kolaborasi antarkelompok seni yang beragam, memperkuat jejaring komunitas seni di Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 228, "width": 400, "height": 249, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Universal Batam dengan menggabungkan Geratri Festival dan “Bincang Seni Santai,” menciptakan model pendidikan seni yang komprehensif dan merangsang perkembangan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Ini bukan sekadar festival seni, tetapi juga perayaan pengetahuan, kolaborasi, dan pertumbuhan seni budaya dalam komunitas. Geratri Festival, bekerja sama dengan Universitas Universal Batam, tidak hanya sebagai tempat pertunjukan seni, melainkan juga sebagai platform pembelajaran berharga bagi mahasiswa Program Studi Seni Tari. Festival ini berhasil menghubungkan kesenian dari pendidikan formal ke panggung praktik, menciptakan hubungan harmonis antara dunia akademis dan seni pertunjukan di Kota Batam. Menurut Bapak Denny, kegiatan ini juga bisa menjadi sarana promosi untuk Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam, meskipun dampak promosi tersebut belum sepenuhnya terlihat. Oleh karena itu, Dekan Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam berharap Geratri Festival dapat menjadi kegiatan yang terus dilakukan secara konsisten dan selalu melibatkan institusi pendidikan seni agar dampaknya lebih terlihat dari sebelumnya (D. E. Wibowo, wawancara Peran Instansi Pendidikan dalam Geratri Festival, 9 Mei 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 481, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival ini diharapkan dapat menjadi upaya untuk mendukung perkembangan para seniman dan komunitas seni dalam mengasah keterampilan dan pengetahuan mereka. Melalui program seni pertunjukan dan bincang seni santai yang berkolaborasi dengan institusi pendidikan seni dan komunitas seni lokal menjadi landasan yang kuat untuk membangun jaringan yang mendukung pertumbuhan seni dan budaya di Kota Batam. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, Geratri Festival bukan hanya menjadi sebuah pertunjukan seni, tetapi juga sebuah ruang apresiasi yang membawa manfaat edukatif dan mendalam bagi pengembangan seni tari di masyarakat Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 654, "width": 400, "height": 91, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival merupakan inisiatif dari Beatus Finis Creative menjadi puncak perayaan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Acara ini menawarkan pertunjukan seni tari beragam dan sebagai wujud perayaan Hari Tari Dunia. Selain pertunjukan, Geratri Festival menyelenggarakan “Bincang Seni Santai” di Universitas Universal Batam, memberi kesempatan pada koreografer untuk berbagi mengenai proses kreatif yang telah dilakukan. Pada Geratri Festival, manajemen seni pertunjukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 \| p-ISSN 2442-9589 \| e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berperan sentral dengan Beatus Finis Creative sebagai motor penggerak. Manajemen melibatkan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan, dan pengawasan, memastikan keberhasilan dan dampak positif Geratri Festival. Tim produksi yang terlibat terdiri dari 10 orang yang memainkan peran kunci dalam pengorganisasian, perencanaan hingga pelaksanaan. Evaluasi kinerja melibatkan aspek finansial, partisipasi masyarakat, dan perkembangan seni pertunjukan menurut pelaku seni di Kota Batam. Geratri Festival dapat menjadi acara tahunan juga katalisator pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan di Kota Batam. Melibatkan komunitas seni, festival ini menciptakan ruang untuk pertukaran ide, kolaborasi, dan pengembangan seniman lokal, membawa dampak positif jangka panjang pada seni pertunjukan di kota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEPUSTAKAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 339, "width": 374, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alhazmi, A. H. (2023). Analisis tata kelola seni pertunjukan di taman budaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 352, "width": 262, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yogyakarta. Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni , 9 (1), 26–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24821/jtks.v9i1.8380", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 380, "width": 378, "height": 52, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Almusoffa, M. S., & Anggrian, M. (2022). Peran Serta Posisi “Hysteria” Colaboratorium And Creative Impact HUB. di Era Disrupsi: Dampak Teknologi pada Medan Sosial Seni Rupa di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kusa Lawa , 2 (2), 102–116.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 435, "width": 384, "height": 80, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.kusalawa.2022.002.02.08 Aprilia, A., & Desfiarni, D. (2023). Manajemen seni pertunjukan di sanggar Gastarana kelurahan Garegeh kecamatan Mandiangin Koto Selayan kota Bukittinggi Sumatera Barat. 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Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup , 3 (2), 249–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38189/jtbh.v3i2.93", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 199, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lampiran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 333, "width": 368, "height": 16, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Flyer Geratri Festival 2023. Sumber: Merry, 10 Maret 2023 Gambar 2. Seluruh peserta pertunjukan Geratri Festival 2023.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 111, "top": 342, "width": 392, "height": 187, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023 Gambar 3. Rapat perdana anggota Beatus Finis Creative. Sumber: Witri, 10 Februari 2023 Gambar 4. Anggota Beatus Finis Creative. Sumber: Merry, 10 Februari 2023", "type": "Table" } ]
e865de97-b921-d8e1-4231-ad10f0b5771a	https://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/JSKE/article/download/433/354	[ { "left": 135, "top": 59, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 71, "width": 197, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 4, No.2, May 2023, pp. 60~64 ISSN: 2722-046X, DOI: 10.37251/jske.v4i2.433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 80, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 776, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: http://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/JSKE", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 106, "width": 432, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Economic Conditions and Parental Motivation on Student Achievement", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 221, "top": 159, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suwahno 1 Wulan Dewi Kurniawati 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 171, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 SDN Banyubiru, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 181, "width": 361, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (Stain) Salatiga, Semarang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 233, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 233, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 251, "width": 95, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history: Received Apr 27, 2023 Revised May 8 , 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 292, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accepted May 15, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 251, "width": 290, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purpose of the study: This study was to determine whether there is a significant influence between economic conditions and parents' motivation on the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 288, "width": 290, "height": 50, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Methodology: Researchers used a quantitative approach with a correlation research design, the research subjects were 30 respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire instrument to obtain data on economic conditions and parents' motivation, learning achievement data was obtained through a document of first semester test report cards", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 346, "width": 290, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Main Findings: Based on the results of observations and discussion, it was found that: (1) The economic condition of the parents of grade IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 was classified as high 46.66% by 7 respondents. (2) The motivation of parents of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04 is low, 40%, with 6 respondents. (3) The learning achievement of class IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 is low at 53.33% for 8 respondents. There is a positive influence so that there is a correlation between economic conditions and parental motivation on student achievement in class IV SDN Banyubiru 04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 435, "width": 290, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Novelty/Originality of this study: the researcher recommends for further research in order to be able to conduct similar research with different and varied variables", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 322, "width": 86, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Motivation Student achievement Economy", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 478, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 537, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 549, "width": 398, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wulan Dewi Kurniawati Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (Stain) Salatiga, Semarang, Indonesia Email: wulandewi [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 632, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 643, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education is one of the most important human needs. Education does not only take place at school, but also in the family, education in the community. This shows that the educational process occurs to anyone, anytime and anywhere. Education has a very noble goal, namely to form a complete human being, to achieve maturity for students [1]-[3]. Education is defined as all human efforts to develop abilities, mental attitudes, minds that have positive value so that he can live in society and achieve prosperity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 701, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Many factors influence children to be able to enjoy educational needs. One of them is the economic condition of the parents, because this will affect the mindset of parents in sending their children to school. Parents' economic conditions tend to require parents to focus their attention on meeting economic needs rather than educational needs. Families with high economic conditions will not experience difficulties in meeting their children's school needs, in contrast to the economic conditions of families with high economic conditions [4]-[6]. Parents' economic conditions play a role in children's learning success, especially affecting their learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 59, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 774, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Economic Conditions and Parental Motivation on Student Achievement …(Suwahno)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 456, "height": 58, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61 achievement. An adequate economy tends to provide parents with many choices to direct their children to be able to enjoy education rather than fulfilling their daily needs, so that children are more motivated and enthusiastic in their educational process. Of course, the higher the economic level of parents, the higher the child's motivation so that the maximum results will be achieved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 456, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The first and foremost education is obtained by children, namely in the family. Children's attitudes towards school will be primarily influenced by the attitudes of their parents. Parents must pay attention to their children's schooling by paying attention to their experiences and appreciating their efforts. Every parent certainly wants their children to excel, especially in education but, to achieve these achievements, of course the child must be motivated to learn [7]. can help or give direction so that children are motivated to learn, whether it's repeating lessons that have been given at school or doing homework. Parents can provide motivation to children by giving gifts when children excel, prizes that can be given don't always have to be material [8 But, it can also be in the form of appreciation and attention. Often parents pay attention when children don't want to learn by getting angry and when learning without being asked, parents don't give any comments, so that children are enthusiastic about learning, parents' attention should be directed to good behaviors.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To be able to carry out an activity, first there must be encouragement to carry out the activity. In other words, to be able to do something there must be motivation [9]. Likewise the situation in the process of learning or education. Students must have the motivation to participate in ongoing learning or educational activities. If they have strong motivation, students will show their interest, activity, and participation in participating in learning or educational activities that are being carried out [10]. How important motivation is in the world of education. Extrinsic motivation or motivation that comes from outside needs to be given to trigger existing motivation, especially in the family environment, parents must be role models for their children [11]. Along with the development of the times, parents' economic conditions have a role in the continuity of the child's education, besides that, the motivation or support of parents for children is very necessary for the continuation of children's education. So this research is important to do in order to know how big the contribution of economic conditions and parents' motivation to student achievement. With motivation, a child will be motivated and focused in his learning, so that he will produce good achievements and be enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning process.This study was to determine whether there is a significant influence between economic conditions and parents' motivation on the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 418, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 430, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Researchers used a quantitative approach with a correlation research design, research subjects as many as 30 respondents [12]-[14]. Data collection used a questionnaire instrument to obtain data on economic conditions and parents' motivation, learning achievement data obtained through documents of first semester test report cards. Research This was carried out at SDN Banyubiru 04 for class IV students. SDN Banyubiru 04 was established on August 1, 1964 with SK No. SD/Kep/PDK 6/6/3 issued by PDK Central Java, which at that time did not have its own building, so teaching and learning activities in residents' homes. Teaching and learning locations are divided into three locations, namely North Cerbonan, Central Cerbonan and Tegalwuni.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 510, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SDN Banyubiru 04 has six classrooms, the principal's room, teacher's room, library, UKS, and prayer room. SDN Banyubiru 04 is located on Jalan Cempaka Raya No. 01 Cerbonan Banyubiru, Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency. SDN Banyubiru 04 is adjacent to the west of the residents' houses, to the north of the village road, to the south of the village road, to the east of the residents' houses. .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research subjects in this classroom action research were fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04 in the 2013/2014 academic year. The number of respondents consisted of 15 students consisting of 7 male students and 8 female students. In knowing data about economic conditions and motivation of students' parents , the author uses data from a questionnaire given to students which consists of 15 questions about the economic condition of parents and 15 questions about parents' motivation. From these data the results of the questionnaire obtained from the economic condition of the parents of class IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 can be classified into three categories, namely: high, medium and low.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 660, "width": 157, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 672, "width": 456, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In research to determine whether there is influence of economic conditions and parental motivation on student achievement, the data obtained will be analyzed statistically and quantitatively. To make it clearer, the author conveys in the form of a frequency distribution table about the economic conditions of parents:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 59, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 776, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed,Vol. 4, No. 2, May 2023: 60 - 64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Percentage of Economic Conditions of Parents of Grade IV Students at SDN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 85, "width": 280, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Banyubiru 04 Academic Year 2013/2014 No Category Interval Frequency Percentage 1 High 33-37 7 46,66% 2 Medium 28-32 6 40% 3 Low 23-27 2 13,33% Total 15 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 449, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the calculation of these percentages it can be concluded that the economic conditions of the parents are high at 46.66%, moderate at 40% and low at 13.33%. So that in this way, the economic condition of the parents of students at SDN Banyubiru 04 on student achievement is classified in the high category, which is equal to 46.66%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 217, "width": 435, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To make it clearer, the author conveys it in the form of a frequency distribution table about parents' motivation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 252, "width": 453, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Frequency Distribution of Percentage of Motivation of Parents of Grade IV Students at SDN Banyubiru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 264, "width": 341, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "04 Academic Year 2013/2014 No Category Interval Frequency Percentage 1 High 33-35 4 26,66% 2 Medium 30-32 5 33,33% 3 Low 27-29 6 40% Jumlah 15 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the calculation of these percentages it can be concluded that high parental motivation is 26.66%, moderate is 33.33% and low is 40%. So thus, students' perceptions about the motivation of parents of Banyubiru 04 Elementary School students belong to the low category, which is equal to 40%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 455, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To make it clearer, the writer conveys it in the form of a frequency distribution table about student achievement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 453, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Frequency Distribution of Percentage of Motivation of Parents of Grade IV Students at SDN Banyubiru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 431, "width": 244, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "04 Academic Year 2013/2014 No Kategori Interval Frekuensi Presentase 1 Tinggi 75-81 4 26,66% 2 Sedang 68-74 3 20% 3 Rendah 61-67 8 53,33% Jumlah 15 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 513, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the calculation of these percentages it can be concluded that high student achievement is 26.66%, moderate is 20% and low is 53.33%. So that in this way, the learning achievement of class IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 belongs to the low category, namely 53.33%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 547, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypothesis testing analysis is used to analyze whether the hypothesis proposed in this thesis is accepted or not, the effect of economic conditions and parental motivation on student achievement in class IV SDN Banyubiru 04. So it is proven by finding the value of the multiple correlation coefficient between the variable economic conditions (X1) and people's motivation parents (X2) on student achievement (Y), which in statistics is better known as a multiple correlation test. Furthermore, to find out the significance between X1 and X2 to Y is determined by the tcount formula then compared with ttable [18].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 455, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To find out the correlation between economic conditions and parents' motivation, it can be seen in the following table:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 651, "width": 165, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Statistical Summary X1 and X2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 663, "width": 143, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistics Symbol Statistical Value N 15 X 1 471 X 2 465 X 1 2 15023 X 2 2 14515 X 1 X 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 732, "width": 27, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14705", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 59, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 774, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Economic Conditions and Parental Motivation on Student Achievement …(Suwahno)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63 So rcount = 0.680, then compared with the rtable price at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641), while for rcount it is 0.680. Provisions if rcount is smaller than rtable, then Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected. But on the contrary, if rcount is greater than rtable (rh>rt ), then Ha is accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 455, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To determine the effect of parents' economic conditions on student achievement, it can be seen in the following table:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 142, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Statistical Summary X1 and Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 156, "width": 149, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistics Symbol Statistical Value N 15 X 1 471 Y 1032 2X 1 15023 Y 2 71592 X 1 Y 32690", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 264, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "So rcount = 0.767, then compared with the rtable price at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641), while for rcount is 0.767. Provisions if rcount is smaller than rtable, then Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected. But on the contrary, if rcount is greater than rtable (rh>rt ), then Ha is accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 299, "width": 456, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To determine the effect of parental motivation on student achievement, it can be seen in the following table:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 333, "width": 168, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6. Summary of Statistics X2 and Y Statistics Symbol Statistical Value N 15 X 2 465 Y 1032 X 2 2 14515 Y 2 71592 X 2 Y 32159", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "So rcount = 0.687, then compared with the rtable price at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641), while for rcount it is 0.687. Provisions if rcount is smaller than rtable, then Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected. But on the contrary, if rcount is greater than rtable (rh>rt ), then Ha is accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 482, "width": 456, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After the data has been successfully tested using the product moment and multiple correlation, our first step is to find the df (degrees of freedom) with the formula df = N – nr. Respondents (N) who were examined were 15 students. The variables whose influence is sought are the variables X and Y, so nr = 2. So that df = 15 – 2 = 13. Once the df is known, then look at the “r” product moment table, then “r” product moment is obtained at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641). The intermediate effect is at the 5% level (0.767 > 0.514), so it can be concluded that the economic conditions of parents affect the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04, Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency. Furthermore, the intermediate effect (0.687) is a positive and significant influence at the 5% level (0.687> 0.514), it can be concluded that parental motivation can influence student achievement in class IV SDN Banyubiru 04 Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 586, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The intermediate effect is obtained by the result of 0.680 at the 5% level (0.680> 0.514). Likewise, the effect obtained by the result of 0.798 is a positive and significant effect at the 5% level (0.798> 0.514). So it can be concluded that economic conditions and parents' motivation can affect achievement learning grade IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04, Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency [19]. Furthermore, the tcount is 4.769 while the ttable obtained is 1.753. This indicates that the multiple correlation between economic conditions (X1) and parental motivation (X2) on learning achievement students (Y) there is a significant correlation. So the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (4.769> 1.753) [20]. Thus it can be concluded that the high and low economic conditions and motivation of parents greatly affect the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04, Banyubiru District, Regency.The implication of this research is that it can provide knowledge and become material for consideration for educators and parents in taking action to support their children or students to achieve.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 735, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 747, "width": 456, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results of research in chapters III and IV, it can be concluded as an answer to find out the purpose of previous research, namely: to determine the positive influence between economic conditions (X1) and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 59, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 776, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed,Vol. 4, No. 2, May 2023: 60 - 64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 456, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64 parental motivation (X2) on student achievement (Y) at SDN Banyubiru 04 Banyubiru Sub-District, Semarang Regency, after calculations showed that the condition of the students' parents had categories from high to low categories as well as the results of student motivation and achievement which were very influential from high to low categories. Future research is expected to be able to carry out a more varied and in-depth study of this research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 303, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] Hamzah, “ Teori Motivasi dan Pengukurannya, \" Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2007.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 162, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] Dimyati, Mudjiono, “ Belajar dan Pembelajaran ,” Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2002.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 174, "width": 455, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] Ernawati, M. D. W., Asrial, A., Perdana, R., Septi, S. E., Rohana, S., & Nawahdani, A. 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c74943c2-70a9-667f-3d2b-f45e3fda8230	https://bussman.gapenas-publisher.org/index.php/home/article/download/55/63	[ { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "275", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 114, "width": 448, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA CV. X SELAMA PANDEMI COVID- 19 MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN SERVICE QUALITY DAN METODE KANO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 144, "top": 161, "width": 310, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdurrahman Shiddiq Thaha 1 , Djoko Pitoyo 2 , Inayati Nasrudin 3 , Nurwathi 4 1,2,3,4 Fakultas Teknik, Teknik Industri, Universitas Sangga Buana Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 213, "width": 35, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 227, "width": 454, "height": 212, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selama masa pandemi COVID-19, terdapat banyak industri yang terdampak dan harus beradaptasi dengan situasi yang baru. CV. X merupakan salah satu penyedia jasa pendidikan nonformal yang bergerak di bidang bahasa khususnya Bahasa Inggris yang berlokasi di Bandung. CV. X harus mampu memuaskan para pelanggannya dengan memberikan kualitas pelayanan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan di CV. X dan melakukan tindakan peningkatan pelayanan menggunakan instrumen SERVQUAL dan metode Kano. Untuk mengetahui kepuasan pelanggan digunakan instrumen SERVQUAL dengan menghitung gap antara harapan pelanggan dan kinerja perusahaan. Metode Kano digunakan untuk mengategorikan atribut mana saja yang perlu ditingkatkan, dipertahankan dan diperhatikan untuk dapat memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan menyebutkan bahwa dari kelima dimensi kualitas jasa, semuanya belum sepenuhnya memenuhi harapan pelanggan CV. X karena terdapat 17 dari 18 atribut pelanyanan yang masih mempunyai nilai gap negatif yang dengan kata lain belum dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan SERVQUAL dan metode Kano direkomendasikan 2 atribut untuk ditingkatkan, 5 atribut untuk dipertahankan dan 7 atribut untuk diperhatikan. Sedangkan setelah dilakukan tindakan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan, terdapat peningkatan kualitas pelayanan untuk 12 atribut dan penurunan kualitas pelayanan untuk 6 atribut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 441, "width": 417, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Kualitas Pelayanan, SERVQUAL, Metode Kano, Peningkatan Pelayanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 468, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 482, "width": 454, "height": 185, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In COVID-19 pandemic, there are a lot of industries that are affected and required to adapt with the new situation. CV. X is one of the education service providers that focus on language, English language in particular, that is located in Bandung. CV. X needs to satisfy its costumers by giving a good service quality. This research intends to figure out the service quality in CV. X and conducting a service improving action using SERVQUAL instrument and Kano method. To perceive the customer satisfaction, SERVQUAL instrument is used by calculating the gap between costumer expectation and company performance. Kano method is used to categorize which attributes that are required to be improved, sustained and put attention. The result of this research implies that from 5 dimensions of service quality, all of them have not fully met the satisfaction of CV. X customers because there are 17 out of 18 attributes that have negative value which means they have not satisfied customer’s expectation. Based on SERVQUAL calculation and Kano method, it is recommended for 2 attributes to be improved, 5 attributes to be sustained and 7 attributes to be put attention. Whereas. After conducting the service improving action, there is an improvement on service quality for 12 attributes and deterioration on service quality for 6 attributes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : COVID-19, Service Quality, SERVQUAL, Kano Method, Improving Service", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 81, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 135, "width": 454, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persaingan dan tantangan adalah hal yang tidak dapat dihindari dalam dunia bisnis dan hal tersebut berlaku untuk setiap zaman, hal tersebut memaksa pelaku bisnis untuk terus berinovasi dan melakukan perbaikan secara berkesinambungan guna bertahan dan memenangkan persaingan yang ada. Di sisi lain, terdapat sebuah tren pada sektor jasa yang mengalami pertumbuhan yang befluktuasi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir khususnya pada saat pandemi COVID-19, terdapat jenis-jenis produk jasa baru dan inovatif yang ditawarkan dengan keunggulan dan kekurangannya masing-masing sehingga menciptakan tantangan maupun kesempatan dalam dunia industri jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 454, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan terdampaknya Indonesia oleh pandemi COVID-19, dalam satu tahun terakhir, menurut laporan dari Kementerian PPN/Bappenas yang dimuat dalam Laporan Perkembangan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Dunia, pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia selalu berada di angka negatif, mulai dari triwulan II/2020 sampai triwulan I/2021. Industri jasa merupakan industri yang mendapatkan dampak negatif yang paling signifikan, banyak perusahaan penyedia jasa mulai mengalihkan produk jasa yang mereka tawarkan ke produk jasa yang bersifat digital guna memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggannya dan tetap bisa eksis. Salah satu sektor jasa yang mengalami perubahaan yang sangat signifikan adalah sektor penyedia jasa pendidikan. Perusahaan penyedia jasa pendidikan yang biasanya menawarkan jasanya secara tatap muka mulai beralih menggunakan teknologi video conferencing dan online chat dalam produk jasa yang mereka tawarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CV. X merupakan salah satu penyedia jasa pendidikan nonformal yang bergerak di bidang bahasa khususnya Bahasa Inggris. CV. X adalah sebuah klub Bahasa Inggris yang berlokasi di Bandung. Berangkat dari kebutuhan akan komunitas diskusi yang menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, CV. X menyediakan berbagai macam pelatihan Bahasa Inggris baik secara personal, grup maupun kerjasama korporasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CV. X mengalami kesulitan dengan perubahan kondisi yang sangat drastis yang disebabkan oleh pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda Indonesia, perubahan tersebut menyebabkan penurunan jumlah pelanggan yang cukup signifikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui kondisi kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh CV. X dan atribut pelayanan mana saja yang harus ditingkatkan, dipertahan dan diperhatikan yang setelahnya akan dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "277", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tindakan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan pada CV. X sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan yang menggunakan jasa yang ditawarkan oleh CV. X sehingga pelanggan akan merasa puas dan tetap menggunakan jasa yang ditawarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 454, "height": 144, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan dapat diartikan sebagai evaluasi pelanggan terhadap pelayanan tertentu secara komprehensif dan seberapa jauh pelayanan tersebut dapat memenuhi harapan mereka dan memberikan kepuasan (Pakurár et al., 2019). Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan yaitu pelayanan yang diharapkan dan pelayanan yang dirasakan. Dalam menentukan baik tidaknya kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh perusahaan terdapat 5 (lima) dimensi Service Quality (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988), yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 333, "width": 129, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tangibles (Bukti Fisik)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 355, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini meliputi fasilitas fisik dan peralatan yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan dan juga penampilan karyawan dari perusahaan itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 399, "width": 139, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Reliability (Kehandalan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 421, "width": 411, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini berhubungan kesediaan perusahaan untuk memberikan pelayanan yang sesuai dengan apa yang dijanjikan secara akurat dan dapat diandalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 465, "width": 172, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Responsiveness (Ketanggapan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 487, "width": 410, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini mencakup kemauan untuk memberikan bantuan kepada konsumen dan menyediakan pelayanan yang tanggap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 531, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Assurance (Jaminan dan Kepastian)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 553, "width": 401, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini melingkupi pengetahuan dan kesopanan yang dipunyai oleh karyawan dan bagaimana mereka dapat menciptakan kepercayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 597, "width": 111, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Empathy (Empati)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 619, "width": 417, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini meliputi kepedulian dan perhatian personal yang diberikan oleh perusahaan kepada konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 455, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Service Quality (SERVQUAL) adalah instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas jasa dan didasari oleh gap analysis model (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988). Instrumen ini masih banyak dipakai dalam penelitian di bidang manajemen dan pemasaran (Al-Neyadi et al., 2018; Pekkaya et al., 2019; Shafiq et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "278", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks model kualitas pelayanan ini, dijelaskan gap-gap yang dapat mewujudkan pelayanan yang baik. Ada beberapa bentuk model kualitas pelayanan, salah satunya adalah menurut Parasuraman yang mengemukakan bahwa pelayanan yang baik tidak bisa diwujudkan karena adanya lima gap (Parasuraman et al., 1985) yang dapat digambarkan pada gambar 1 , garis putus-putus horizontal membatasi aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh konsumen dan aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh pihak penyedia jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 619, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Model Konseptual Service Quality (Parasuraman et al., 1985)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 641, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SERVQUAL adalah instrumen dengan realibilitas dan validitas yang baik dan bisa digunakan untuk memahami harapan dan persepsi dari konsumen dan pada akhirnya akan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan. Instrumen ini telah didesain untuk bisa diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang jasa (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 729, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan yang telah diberikan perlu dilakukan perhitungan gap 5 atau gap antara jasa yang diharapkan oleh pelanggan dan jasa yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diterima oleh pelanggan (Ramya et al., 2019) dan untuk mengetahui gap tersebut dapat digunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐺𝐴𝑃 = 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑗𝑎 (𝑃) − 𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝐻)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 157, "width": 16, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 454, "height": 166, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Kano merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kepuasan konsumen, dimana model ini bertujuan untuk mengategorikan atribut-atribut dari produk ataupun jasa-jasa berdasarkan seberapa baik produk atau jasa tersebut mampu memuaskan kebutuhan pelanggan (Kano et al., 1984). Sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1984, metode ini telah banyak digunakan untuk membantu meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan dari sebuah perusahaan berdasarkan dari kebutuhan dan harapan pelanggan (Budiarani et al., 2021). Metode Kano membedakan tiga tipe produk yang diinginkan yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen, yaitu (Rotar & Kozar, 2017) :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 355, "width": 220, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Must-Be Requirements atau Basic Needs,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 377, "width": 359, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen secara ekstrim akan tidak puas jika kategori ini tidak dipenuhi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 399, "width": 294, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. One-Dimensional Requirements atau Performance Needs", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 421, "width": 389, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk kebutuhan ini, kepuasan konsumen proporsional atau sebanding dengan kinerja atribut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 465, "width": 255, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Attractive Requirements atau Excitements Needs", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 487, "width": 418, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kategori ini merupakan kriteria produk yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar pada kepuasan konsumen jika diberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat 3 kategori lain yang digunakan dalam model Kano (Dace et al., 2020), 3 kategori tersebut adalah Indifferent , Questionable dan Reverse . Indifferent adalah kategori yang tidak akan mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen. Reverse adalah kategori yang jika atributnya tidak dilaksakan dengan baik maka akan meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen. Questionable adalah kategori yang mungkin memberikan kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan kepada konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan seberapa baik sebuah atribut dapat memuaskan pelanggan dapat dilakukan survei menggunakan kuesioner Kano (Kano et al., 1984). Kuesioner Kano dikonstruksikan dari 2 jenis pertanyaan. Jenis yang pertama adalah bagaimana perasaan pelanggan jika atribut itu ada ( functional ) dan jenis yang kedua adalah bagaimana perasaan pelanggan jika atribut itu tidak ada ( dysfunctional ) (Berger et al., 1993). Untuk setiap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "280", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertanyaan, responden memilih 1 dari 5 alternatif jawaban. Kelima alternatif jawaban adalah “Suka”, “Harap”, “Netral”, “Toleransi” dan “Tidak Suka” , lalu setelah mendapatkan jawaban dari responden maka jawaban tersebut dievaluasi dengan menggunakan tabel evaluasi metode Kano.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 552, "width": 438, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Gambaran Penentuan Kategori Kano Menggunakan Kuesioner Kano (Berger et al., 1993)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 451, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan kategori Kano untuk setiap atribut dapat digunakan Blauth’s Formula (Berger et al., 1993):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 640, "width": 437, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Jika ( One-Dimensional + Attractive + Must-Be ) > ( Indifferent + Reverse + Questionable ), maka grade diperoleh dari ujung yang paling maksimum dari ( One- Dimensional, Attractive, Must-Be ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 706, "width": 437, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Jika ( One-Dimensional + Attractive + Must-Be ) < ( Indifferent + Reverse + Questionable ), maka grade diperoleh dari ujung yang paling maksimum dari ( Indifferent, Reverse, Questionable ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 158, "top": 375, "width": 53, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan Konsumen", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 270, "top": 365, "width": 34, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dysfunctional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 152, "top": 221, "width": 274, "height": 306, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 2 3 4 5 Suka Harap Netral Toleransi Tidak Suka Functional 1.Suka Q A A A O 2.Harap R I I I M 3.Netral R I I I M 4.Toleransi R I I I M 5.Tidak Suka R R R R Q Suka Harap Netral Toleransi Tidak Suka Suka Harap Netral Toleransi Tidak Suka 1 Fungsional Disfungsional No Kondisi website selalu baik Kondisi website tidak baik Q R I A O M 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total Atribut Kategori Kano", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "281", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 113, "width": 437, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Jika ( One-Dimensional + Attractive + Must-Be ) = ( Indifferent + Reverse + Questionable ) maka grade diperoleh yang paling maksimum diantara semua kategori kano yaitu ( One- Dimensional, Attractive, Must-Be, Indifferent, Reverse, Questionable ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 108, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah: Studi Pendahuluan (Studi Lapangan dan Studi Pustaka), Identifikasi dan Perumusan Masalah, Pembuatan Instrumen Penelitian (Kuesioner SERVQUAL dan Kano), Pengumpulan Data (Tahap 1: Sebelum Dilakukan Tindakan Perbaikan Pelayanan dan Tahap 2: Setelah Dilakukan Tindakan Perbaikan Pelayanan), adapun pengolahan data yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 750, "width": 190, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Flowchart Pengolahan Data", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "282", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan data terdiri dari uji kecukupan data, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, perhitungan SERVQUAL (Tahap 1 dan 2), pengolahan data dengan metode Kano, tindakan perbaikan pelayanan dan perbandingan hasil perhitungan SERVQUAL tahap 1 dan 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 132, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 454, "height": 188, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 2 jenis kuesioner yaitu berupa kuesioner SERVQUAL yang terdiri dari pertanyaan harapan dan kinerja dan kuesioner Kano yang terdiri dari pertanyaan functional dan dysfunctional . Pertanyaan-pertanyaan dalam kuesioner disusun berdasarkan atribut kepuasan pelanggan dari dimensi Service Quality yang menyatakan bahwa baik tidaknya kualitas jasa yang diberikan dapat dikategorikan dalam 5 dimensi (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988) yaitu: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance dan Empathy . Penyusunan pertanyaan dalam kuesioner dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan informasi yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan, wawancara, studi pustaka. Adapun atribut- atribut kepuasan pelanggan yang akan digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 421, "width": 182, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Atribut Kepuasan Pelanggan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 443, "width": 303, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Atribut Kepuasan Pelanggan Tangibles 1 Kondisi website", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 511, "width": 284, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 533, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Kondisi internet tutor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 556, "width": 128, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Penampilan tutor rapi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 578, "width": 159, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Terdapat sarana komunikasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 284, "top": 601, "width": 51, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Realibility", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 623, "width": 132, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Ketepatan waktu tutor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 646, "width": 341, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap pelanggan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 668, "width": 342, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 691, "width": 296, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 713, "width": 78, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Responsiveness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 736, "width": 410, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Pihak penyedia jasa tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan pelanggan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "283", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 114, "width": 343, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Tingkat kesabaran karyawan dalam menerima keluhan pelanggan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 136, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Assurance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 159, "width": 403, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Karyawan/tutor dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai produk yang tersedia 13 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan 14 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas 15 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 249, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Empathy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 271, "width": 298, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Tutor bersedia untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 293, "width": 378, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Karyawan bersunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan pelanggan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 317, "width": 361, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Pihak penyedia jasa memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan pelanggan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 160, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 455, "height": 122, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdasarkan hasil uji validitas yang telah dilakukan. Semua pertanyaan yang digunakan dalam kuesioner pengambilan data tahap 1 dikatakan valid karena semua r hitung ≥ r tabel , Sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan penghapusan atau pembuangan pertanyaan lalu berdasarkan uji reliabilitas yang dilakukan terhadap data tahap 1, didapatkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha untuk semua kuesioner berada diatas 0.6 yang menunjukkan bahwa jawaban-jawaban dari pertanyaan yang diajukan sudah reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 517, "width": 305, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Pengolahan Data Tahap 1 (SERVQUAL Dan Metode Kano)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner didapatkan gap antara harapan dan kinerja dan kategori Kano dari setiap atribut pelayanan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "284", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 113, "width": 446, "height": 614, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Nilai Gap Dan Kategori Kano Setiap Atribut Tahap 1 No Atribut Gap Kategori Kano 1 Kondisi website -0,2 Attractive 2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet) -0,175 Attractive 3 Kondisi internet tutor -0,5 One Dimensional 4 Penampilan tutor rapi -0,65 One Dimensional 5 Ketepatan waktu tutor -0,225 One Dimensional 6 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap pelanggan -0,6 Attractive 7 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan -0,6 Attractive 8 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran -0,4 Must Be 9 Pihak CV. X tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan pelanggan -0,175 Attractive 10 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,075 Must Be 11 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas -0,75 One Dimensional 12 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan -0,675 Attractive 13 Ketersediaan tutor untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas -0,425 Attractive 14 Karyawan sunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan pelanggan -0,35 Attractive 15 Pihak CV. X memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan pelanggan -0,45 One Dimensional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "285", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 144, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai gap yang diperoleh dari selisih antara harapan pelanggan dan persepsi pelanggan terhadap kinerja perusahaan, nilai positif gap menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan telah memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan berdasarkan atribut pelayanan dan nilai negatif menunjukkan atribut mana yang belum memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan, berdasarkan perhitungan dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat 17 atribut yang memiliki nilai gap negatif dari 18 atribut yang digunakan sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa dari 18 atribut pelayanan hanya 1 atribut yang dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 455, "height": 210, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada metode Kano, kategori pertama yang harus ditingkatkan adalah kategori Must Be . kategori Must Be merupakan kategori dasar yang harus melekat dalam sebuah produk ataupun jasa. Kemudian kategori yang harus dipertahankan adalah kategori One Dimensional . Dalam kategori ini, keberadaan suatu layanan akan mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan konsumen. Selanjutnya kategori yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kategori Attractive , karena kategori tersebut dapat menghasilkan layanan yang melampaui harapan konsumen. Berdasarkan pengolahan data dengan metode Kano, terdapat 2 atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan atau termasuk dalam kategori Must Be , 5 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori One Dimensional dan 8 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori Attractive .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 487, "width": 174, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Tindakan Perbaikan Pelayanan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 509, "width": 454, "height": 144, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan atribut mana yang menjadi prioritas dalam tindakan perbaikan pelayanan, digunakan nilai gap dan kategori Kano dari setiap atribut. Pertama setiap atribut yang mempunyai nilai negatif menjadi prioritas utama dan prioritas selanjutnya ditentukan oleh kategori Kano yang dimana atribut dengan kategori Must Be menjadi prioritas utama lalu dilanjutkan dengan One Dimensional dan terakhir Attractive. Berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut didapatkan 2 atribut yang menjadi prioritas utama dalam tindakan perbaikan pelayanan, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 663, "width": 464, "height": 79, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Atribut yang Diprioritaskan Untuk Ditingkatkan No Dimensi Atribut Gap Kategori Kano 1 Reliabilit", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 151, "top": 730, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 451, "top": 730, "width": 73, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 0,4 Must Be", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "286", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 114, "width": 5, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "y", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 136, "width": 411, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Assuranc e Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,075", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 203, "width": 436, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut maka dilakukan tindakan perbaikan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 225, "width": 440, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Penerapan sistem pembayaran yang lebih ramah konsumen dengan menyediakan cara-cara pembayaran yang baru dan mudah seperti Gopay, OVO, Virtual Account dll.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 268, "width": 440, "height": 56, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan pelatihan tentang materi dan metode pengajaran kepada tenaga pengajar selama 4 pertemuan dalam kurun waktu 3 minggu. Materi dan pemateri akan ditentukan oleh pihak manajemen perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 212, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Pengolahan Data Tahap 2 (SERVQUAL)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 356, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan data tahap 2 dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perubahan kualitas pelayanan setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan didapatkan gap antara harapan dan kinerja sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 444, "width": 413, "height": 304, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Nilai Gap Setiap Atribut Tahap 2 No Atribut Gap 1 Kondisi website -0,4 2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet) -0,13 3 Kondisi internet tutor -0,53 4 Penampilan tutor rapi -0,6 5 Terdapat sarana komunikasi -0,67 6 Ketepatan waktu tutor -0,53 7 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap Pelanggan -0,53 8 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan -0,33 9 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran 0,07 10 Pihak CV. X tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan Pelanggan -0,13 11 Tingkat kesabaran karyawan dalam menerima keluhan Pelanggan 0,07", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "287", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 114, "width": 412, "height": 234, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Karyawan/tutor dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai produk yang tersedia 0,23 13 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,27 14 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas -0,63 15 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan -0,4 16 Ketersediaan tutor untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas -0,5 17 Karyawan sunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan Pelanggan -0,37 18 Pihak CV. X memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan Pelanggan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 477, "top": 336, "width": 28, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-0,37", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdasarkan perhitungan dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat 3 atribut yang memiliki nilai gap positif dan 15 atribut yang memiliki nilai gap negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 219, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Perbandingan SERVQUAL Tahap 1 dan 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 425, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan data tahap 1 dan 2 dapat dilihat terjadinya perubahan pada harapan pelanggan terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang seharusnya diberikan dan kualitas pelayanan yang dirasakan. Berikut adalah perbadingan SERVQUAL tahap 1 dan 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 30, "top": 491, "width": 513, "height": 259, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Perbandingan SERVQUAL Tahap 1 dan 2 No Atribut GAP Perubahan Tahap 1 Tahap 2 1 Kondisi website -0,2 -0,4 -0,2 2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet) -0,175 -0,13 0,045 3 Kondisi internet tutor -0,5 -0,53 -0,03 4 Penampilan tutor rapi -0,65 -0,6 0,05 5 Terdapat sarana komunikasi -0,95 -0,67 0,28 6 Ketepatan waktu tutor -0,225 -0,53 -0,305 7 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap Pelanggan -0,6 -0,53 0,07 8 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan -0,6 -0,33 0,27 9 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran -0,4 0,07 0,47", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "288", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 35, "top": 136, "width": 499, "height": 300, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 0 Pihak CV. X tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan Pelanggan -0,175 -0,13 0,045 1 1 Tingkat kesabaran karyawan dalam menerima keluhan Pelanggan -0,1 0,07 0,17 1 2 Karyawan/tutor dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai produk yang tersedia 0,075 0,23 0,155 1 3 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,075 -0,27 -0,195 1 4 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas -0,75 -0,63 0,12 1 5 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan -0,675 -0,4 0,275 1 6 Ketersediaan tutor untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas -0,425 -0,5 -0,075", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 35, "top": 447, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 35, "top": 458, "width": 496, "height": 23, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Karyawan sunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan Pelanggan -0,35 -0,37 -0,02", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 35, "top": 491, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 35, "top": 502, "width": 494, "height": 23, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Pihak CV. X memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan Pelanggan -0,45 -0,37 0,08", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 536, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat 12 atribut yang mengalami peningkatan kualitas pelayanan sedangkan 6 atribut lain mengalami penurunan kualitas pelayanan. Adapun 2 atribut yang menjadi prioritas dalam tindakan perbaikan pelayanan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0.47 untuk atribu t “ Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran ” dan penurunan sebesar - 0,195 untuk atribut “ Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan ”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 690, "width": 69, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan, pengolahan dan analisis data yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh CV. X sebelum dilakukan tindakan perbaikan pelayanan belum sepenuhnya memenuhi harapan pelanggan karena", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "289", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terdapat 17 dari 18 atribut pelanyanan yang masih mempunyai nilai gap negatif yang dengan kata lain belum dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengolahan data dengan metode Kano, terdapat 2 atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan atau termasuk dalam kategori Must Be , 5 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori One Dimensional dan 8 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori Attractive .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan yang didasari dari hasil pengolahan data tahap 1 (SERVQUAL dan Metode Kano). Kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan CV. X masih belum sepenuhnya dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan karena terdapat 15 atribut pelayanan yang mempunyai nilai gap negatif walaupun terdapat peningkatan kualitas pelayanan untuk 12 atribut dan penurunan kualitas pelayanan untuk 6 atribut setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 399, "width": 93, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 421, "width": 455, "height": 71, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al- Neyadi, H. S., Abdallah, S., & Malik, M. (2018). Measuring patient’s satisfaction of healthcare services in the UAE hospitals: Using SERVQUAL. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2016.1266804 Berger, C., Blauth, R., & Boger, D. (1993). Kano’s methods for understanding customer - defined quality. Center for Quality Management Journal , 2 (4).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budiarani, V. H., Maulidan, R., Setianto, D. P., & Widayanti, I. (2021). THE KANO MODEL: HOW THE PANDEMIC INFLUENCES CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH DIGITAL WALLET SERVICES IN INDONESIA. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business , 36 (1), 62 – 82. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.59879", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 455, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dace, E., Stibe, A., & Timma, L. (2020). A holistic approach to manage environmental quality by using the Kano model and social cognitive theory. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management , 27 (2). https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1828", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 454, "height": 70, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kano, N., Seraku, N., Takahashi, F., & Tsuji, S. (1984). Attractive quality and must-be quality, in: Quality (Hinshitsu). The Journal of the Japanes Society for Quality Control , 14 (2). Pakurár, M., Haddad, H., Nagy, J., Popp, J., & Oláh, J. (2019). The service quality dimensions that affect customer satisfaction in the Jordanian banking sector. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041113", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing , 49 (4). https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900403", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pekkaya, M., Pulat İmamoğlu, Ö., & Koca, H. (2019). Evaluation of healthcare service quality via Servqual scale: An application on a hospital. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 12 (4). https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1389474", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 \| e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "290", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ramya, N., Kowsalya, A., & Dharanipriya, K. (2019). Service Quality and Its Dimensions. 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SERVQUAL: A multiple-Item Scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 245, "width": 271, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225083802", "type": "Text" } ]
8f61372c-43ad-e1a3-3008-e985fb03a0f4	https://jnte.ft.unand.ac.id/index.php/jnte/article/download/1117/507	[ { "left": 199, "top": 44, "width": 184, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 73, "width": 118, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available online at : http://jnte.ft.unand.ac.id/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 90, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 112, "width": 161, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "\| ISSN (Print) 2302-2949 \| ISSN (Online) 2407-7267 \|", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 320, "top": 791, "width": 221, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Some rights reserved", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 152, "width": 311, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep Learning Autoencoder Study on ECG Signals", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 179, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dandi Mochamad Reza 1,2 , Satria Mandala 1,2 Salim M. Zaki 3 Eileen Su Lee Ming 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 201, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Department of Informatics, School of Computing, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 212, "width": 262, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Human Centric (HUMIC) Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 222, "width": 472, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Directorate of Studies, Planning and Follow-up, Department of Follow-up, Iraq, Baghdad", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 233, "width": 298, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 274, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "A RTICLE I NFORMATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 250, "top": 271, "width": 97, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 307, "width": 81, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received: June 23, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 296, "width": 488, "height": 166, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revised: August 21, 2023 Accepted: August 22, 2023 Available online: December 27, 2023 Arrhythmia refers to an irregular heart rhythm resulting from disruptions in the heart's electrical activity. To identify arrhythmias, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is commonly employed, as it can record the heart's electrical signals. However, ECGs may encounter interference from sources like electromagnetic waves and electrode motion. Several researchers have investigated the denoising of electrocardiogram signals for arrhythmia detection using deep autoencoder models. Unfortunately, these studies have yielded suboptimal results, indicated by low Signal- to-Noise Ratio (SNR) values and relatively large Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). This study addresses these limitations by proposing the utilization of a Deep LSTM Autoencoder to effectively denoise ECG signals for arrhythmia detection. The model's denoising performance is evaluated based on achieved SNR and RMSE values. The results of the denoising evaluations using the Deep LSTM Autoencoder on the AFDB dataset show SNR and RMSE values of 56.16 and 0.00037, respectively. Meanwhile, for the MITDB dataset, the corresponding values are 65.22 and 0.00018. These findings demonstrate significant improvement compared to previous research. However, it's important to note a limitation in this study—the restricted availability of arrhythmia datasets from MITDB and AFDB. Future researchers are encouraged to explore and acquire a more extensive collection of arrhythmia data to further enhance denoising performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 365, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "K EYWORDS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 388, "width": 139, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arrhythmia, Electrocardiogram, Deep", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 48, "top": 400, "width": 136, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Learning, Autoencoder, Deep LSTM Autoencoder", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 433, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "C ORRESPONDENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 455, "width": 147, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phone: +62 (0751) 12345678 E-mail:[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 508, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 534, "width": 236, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cardiovascular disease, identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading global cause of death [1], has been a significant contributor to high mortality rates in China, as reported by Liu, et al. [2] in early 2022. A critical aspect of cardiovascular issues is arrhythmia, a condition marked by irregularities in the heart's rhythm, involving disturbances in the frequency, regulation, and origin of its electrical impulses [3]. Arrhythmias, including more severe forms like Atrial Fibrillation (AF), can significantly contribute to the progression of heart disease. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is identified as the most prevalent clinical arrhythmia, carrying substantial risks to patient health and markedly increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs [4]. The main signal utilized for examining arrhythmias is the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 713, "width": 236, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The main method in medical practice for evaluating the electrical activity of the human heart is through the recording and analysis of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal [4, 5]. The identification of morphological changes in ECG signals serves as a crucial tool for doctors in detecting and predicting heart diseases, including arrhythmias. Arrhythmia, the most prevalent heart rhythm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 496, "width": 236, "height": 115, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "disorder, is identifiable by observing deviations in the ECG signal. Even minor alterations in the ECG pattern possess the potential to instigate cardiac arrhythmias, leading to fluctuations in heart rate and disruptions in heart muscle conduction. Clinically, symptoms of arrhythmia manifest as chest pain, fatigue, and instances of patient loss of consciousness [6]. Cardiac arrhythmias encompass various types, with some posing life- threatening risks, while others are less severe but still necessitate comprehensive analysis to avert potential clinical complications [7].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 627, "width": 236, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "ECG signals are highly susceptible to noise, and the accuracy of arrhythmia analysis is compromised when noise is present [8, 9]. Numerous studies [9-12] have explored the use of deep autoencoder-based ECG signal denoising to enhance arrhythmia detection, but they face challenges, and the obtained results often fall short of optimal. This is evident through low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. SNR serves as a metric comparing the quality of the desired signal to the existing noise [11]. In the context of ECG signal denoising for arrhythmia detection, a high SNR indicates that the ECG signal reconstructed by the Deep Autoencoder exhibits high clarity and accuracy with minimal noise. This clarity is crucial for ensuring that the analyzed ECG signals for arrhythmia detection are easily", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 544, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 103, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "interpretable and provide precise diagnostic information. Conversely, a low RMSE signifies that the Deep Autoencoder model effectively removes noise and variability, resulting in a reconstructed signal that closely aligns with the original signal with minimal error [8]. The pursuit of optimal SNR and RMSE values involves experiments with various Deep Autoencoder configurations, including the exploration of the number of layers, the number of units in each layer, and different training methods in those studies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 178, "width": 238, "height": 258, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Numerous researchers, including Chiang, et al. [11], Singh and Sharma [9], have delved into autoencoder denoising applied to arrhythmia signals. Chiang, et al. [11] specifically explored the efficacy of a Fully Connected Network (FCN) in detecting arrhythmia signals, noting a remarkable improvement of 31.83% in SNRᵢₘₚ and a significant relative reduction in RMSE by 32.98% when compared to alternative models like DNN and CNN. Similarly, Singh and Sharma [9] developed a model surpassing prior efforts, achieving an average SNR improvement of 19.07 ± 1.67 and PRD of 11.0% at 0-dB SNR. Their models exhibited robust classification performance, validated through a five-fold cross-validation strategy. Deevi, et al. [12] achieved noteworthy results in their denoising research, obtaining SNR values of 22.4501%, 13.8266%, and 17.0403%, with the highest accuracy reaching 99.53%. Hou, et al. [8] applied a denoising autoencoder to an arrhythmia dataset, resulting in a substantial increase in SNR by 88.57%. Meanwhile, Shi, et al. [13] contributed to the field by conducting research on arrhythmia classification using a denoising autoencoder, achieving an average SNR of 17.48dB. These collective findings showcase advancements in autoencoder-based denoising techniques for improving the analysis and detection of arrhythmia signals.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 452, "width": 236, "height": 210, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to overcome the limitations observed in previous research, specifically targeting suboptimal denoising performance characterized by low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) levels and large Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. To tackle this challenge more effectively, the research proposes a study that combines deep learning techniques with signal processing methods. The overarching goal is to enhance denoising performance, evident through increased SNR and decreased RMSE values. The research focuses on developing a layer-denoising autoencoder model for the denoising of ECG signals, utilizing the Deep LSTM Autoencoder. The performance of this model in detecting ECG signals will be rigorously compared with the work conducted by Marwan, et al. [14], with a specific emphasis on evaluating SNR and RMSE metrics. Through this comparative analysis, the study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving superior denoising results, thereby contributing to advancements in signal processing for ECG analysis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 690, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHODOLOGY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 716, "width": 236, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Marwan, et al. [14] employed single and double hidden layer autoencoder methods to denoise ECG signals. However, these methods exhibited limitations as the achieved SNR and RMSE results were not notably high. To tackle this issue, our research aims to enhance SNR and RMSE outcomes by integrating a deep- learning autoencoder algorithm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 59, "width": 42, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Materials", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 79, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Sources", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 97, "width": 236, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The ECG data utilized in this study originate from the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database (AFDB), detailed in [6, 15, 16] and the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB) discussed in research [17-19] . The MITDB database serves as a reference for arrhythmias, while the AFDB database is specifically a reference for Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Notably, two datasets in AFDB, i.e, data 00735 and 03665, will be excluded from our research due to being empty datasets, as noted by [4, 20].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 199, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hyperparameter For Experiments", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 218, "width": 236, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hyperparameters are critical parameters influencing the outcomes of model training. These parameters encompass the number of epochs, batch size, and window size. Table 1, Hyperparameters, outlines the specific hyperparameters employed in training the model for this research, aligning with the explanations provided by Marwan, et al. [14]. Table 1 shows the hyperparameters used for training the models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 313, "width": 205, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Hyperparameters Used for Training the Models", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 325, "width": 159, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Parameter MITDB AFDB Epoch Batch Size 100 128 100 128 Window Size 1 1 Optimizer K-Fold EarlyStopping Adam 5 10 Adam 5 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 416, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metrics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 435, "width": 236, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The evaluation metrics applied to assess the proposed algorithm's performance in this research are consistent with those employed by Hou, et al. [8]. The evaluation metrics considers two main aspects: reconstruction quality and compression efficiency, gauged through various metrics. Key performance criteria are defined by SNR and RMSE [13]. Furthermore, equations (1) and (2) present the formulas for both SNR and RMSE:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 528, "width": 200, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑆𝑁𝑅 = 10 × 𝑙𝑔 ∑ (𝐷₀(𝑖) − 𝐷ₘ)² 𝑛 𝑖=1 ∑ (𝐷₀(𝑖) − 𝐷ᵣ(𝑖))² 𝑛 𝑖=1 (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 354, "top": 577, "width": 195, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸 = √ ∑ (𝐷₀ ( 𝑖 ) − 𝐷ᵣ(𝑖))² 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝐿 (2)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 319, "top": 634, "width": 236, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this context, let the original signal be denoted as Do, the reconstructed signal as Dr, and the average value of the original signal as Dm, with the signal length represented by L. Root mean square (RMS) serves as a metric quantifying the disparity between the original signal and its reconstructed counterpart. Additionally, the SNR is employed to assess the relative magnitude of the true signal against the background noise [13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 724, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep Learning Autoencoder Process Flow", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 743, "width": 199, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The method used in this research is shown in Figure 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 361, "top": 791, "width": 150, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 178, "width": 236, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "As shown in Figure 1., the method begins with preprocessing. Preprocessing is a stage to denoise character images from noise, allowing them to be effectively used in the feature extraction phase as explained in [21]. Feature extraction is the stage of data analysis used to determine the characteristics of arrhythmia diseases. The data extraction method utilized in this study is morphology-based feature extraction as in Bahri, et al. [22]. Last but not least, the final stage of the method is denoising. Denoising is a technique used to reduce noise in ECG signals [23]. The parameter used in this research utilizes a Deep LSTM Autoencoder algorithm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 321, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 346, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Here are the results of denoising analysis using deep LSTM autoencoder to achieve the best results considering SNR and RMSE values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 389, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Atrial Fibrillation Database (AFDB)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 407, "width": 236, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The denoising performance results, assessed through both SNR and RMSE using the Deep LSTM Autoencoder for ECG signals from the AFDB database, are detailed in Table 2. These results encompass all records, excluding record numbers 00735 and 03665.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 479, "width": 145, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. AFDB SNR and RMSE values", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 491, "width": 167, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "K-Fold SNR RMSE 1 2 50.06 56.16 0.00073 0.00037 3 54.50 0.00044 4 5 54.66 54.24 0.00044 0.00045", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 576, "width": 236, "height": 174, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "As shown from Table 2, this study validated the denoised ECG signal through k-fold validation spanning folds 1 to 5. The SNR and RMSE values for each fold are presented in the table. In the first fold, the SNR value is 50.06, and the RMSE value is 0.00073, with the initial termination occurring at epoch 16. The second fold yields an SNR value of 56.15 and an RMSE value of 0.00037, with the initial termination occurring at epoch 15. The third fold results in an SNR value of 54.50 and an RMSE value of 0.00044, with an early stop at epoch 27. The fourth fold produces an SNR value of 54.66 and an RMSE value of 0.00044, with an early stop at epoch 16. Lastly, the fifth fold generates an SNR value of 54.24 and an RMSE value of 0.00045, with an early stop at epoch 34. From these outcomes, it is evident that the most favorable SNR and RMSE values were achieved in the second fold, with an SNR of 56.16 and an RMSE of 0.00037.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figures 2 to 7 provide a visual representation, featuring snapshots of the original ECG signals juxtaposed with the corresponding denoising outcomes for AFDB record signals numbered 00735 across fold 1 until fold 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 270, "width": 211, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. A Snapshot of Original ECG Signal from record number 00735", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 458, "width": 234, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 1", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 645, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 2", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 102, "top": 150, "width": 125, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Deep Learning Methods", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 178, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 544, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 58, "top": 211, "width": 236, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 223, "width": 34, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "at Fold 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 58, "top": 398, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 4", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 58, "top": 586, "width": 236, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 7. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 5", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 57, "top": 628, "width": 179, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 647, "width": 236, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3 outlines the outcomes of ECG signal denoising on the MITDB database, covering all records through k-fold validation from folds 1 to 5. The table employs SNR and RMSE metrics to measure the performance of each fold in the k-fold validation process. In the first fold, the results reveal an SNR value of 62.23 and an RMSE value of 0.00027, with an early stop occurring at epoch 47. The third fold demonstrates an SNR value of 64.98 and an RMSE value of 0.00019, with an early stop at epoch 28. The fourth fold displays an SNR value of 62.03 and an RMSE value of 0.00027, with an initial stop at epoch 40. Finally, the fifth fold", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "yields an SNR value of 65.22 and an RMSE value of 0.00018, with an initial stop at epoch 36.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 95, "width": 236, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "From these findings, it is evident that the most favorable SNR and RMSE values were achieved in the fifth fold, with an SNR of 65.22 and an RMSE of 0.00018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 142, "width": 188, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. MITDB SNR and RMSE values K-Fold SNR RMSE 1 2 62.23 61.30 0.00027 0.00030 3 64.98 0.00019 4 5 62.03 65.22 0.00027 0.00018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 239, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figures 8 to 13 depict the visualization of the MITDB signal from the 100th record, alongside the outcomes of the denoising process facilitated by the Deep LSTM Autoencoder across fold 1 until fold 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 450, "width": 211, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 8. A Snapshot of Original ECG Signal from record number 100", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 320, "top": 650, "width": 233, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 9. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 1", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 164, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 361, "top": 791, "width": 150, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 46, "top": 207, "width": 229, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 10. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 46, "top": 391, "width": 229, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 11. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 143, "top": 403, "width": 34, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "at Fold 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 46, "top": 571, "width": 229, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 12. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 4", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 46, "top": 758, "width": 229, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 13. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 5", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 305, "top": 59, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 78, "width": 236, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The discussion focuses on the denoising results obtained from two different datasets, namely AFDB and MITDB, using k-fold validation. In Figure 2 and Figure 8, the test signals to be denoised are presented, while Figures 3 to 7 and Figures 9 to 13 display the denoising outcomes for each fold, respectively. The corresponding SNR and RMSE values for each fold in the k-fold validation are summarized in Table 2 and Table 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 173, "width": 236, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "For the AFDB dataset, the denoising results revealed that the second fold achieved the best performance, with an SNR value of 56.15 and an RMSE value of 0.00037. This fold demonstrated higher signal clarity in relation to noise and a smaller difference between the denoised signal and the original signal. The early stopping occurred at epoch 15, indicating that the model achieved satisfactory convergence within a relatively short training period. These findings suggest that the second fold exhibited the most effective denoising capability for the AFDB dataset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 292, "width": 236, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Similarly, for the MITDB dataset, the fifth fold displayed the best denoising performance, with an SNR value of 65.22 and an RMSE value of 0.00018. This fold achieved the highest signal clarity and the closest resemblance to the original signal after denoising. The early stopping occurred at epoch 36, suggesting that the model reached a desirable level of convergence within a reasonable training time. Hence, the fifth fold demonstrated the most effective denoising performance for the MITDB dataset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 400, "width": 236, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The comparison of the results between the two datasets highlights the dataset-dependent nature of the denoising process. Different datasets may have unique characteristics, noise levels, and signal variations, which can impact the denoising outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate and optimize the denoising approach based on the specific dataset under consideration.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 483, "width": 236, "height": 163, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Overall, the denoising results obtained using the deep LSTM autoencoder model showcased its effectiveness in reducing noise and improving the quality of the arrhythmia signals. The achieved SNR and RMSE values indicate the model's ability to successfully denoise the signals while preserving important features. These findings have significant implications for enhancing the accuracy of arrhythmia diagnosis and facilitating further signal analysis in clinical settings. However, additional research and validation on larger datasets and diverse arrhythmia types are recommended to confirm the generalizability and robustness of the proposed denoising approach. Table 4 presents a comparative analysis of denoising outcomes achieved through the Deep LSTM Autoencoder on both AFDB and MITDB datasets.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 656, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Best of Comparison", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 675, "width": 172, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Best of SNR Comparison SNR RMSE AFDB MITDB 56.16 65.22 0.00037 0.00018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 736, "width": 236, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the findings presented in Table 4, the LSTM autoencoder algorithm demonstrates superior denoising performance in the AFDB dataset, yielding an SNR of 56.16 and an RMSE of 0.00037. Conversely, for the MITDB dataset, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 544, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 163, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "LSTM autoencoder algorithm achieves an SNR of 65.22 and an RMSE of 0.00018. In comparison, Marwan, et al. [14] reported relatively lower SNR and RMSE values in their experiments, with the best SNR of 16.01 and the best RMSE of 0.88. These variations in denoising results arise because Marwan, et al. [14] utilized the Single Hidden Layer Autoencoder and Multiple Hidden Layer Autoencoder algorithms, whereas this research employs the LSTM autoencoder algorithm. Furthermore, the approach in this research integrates Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for ECG signal denoising, whereas Marwan et al. rely on layer-based methods without incorporating AI to mitigate ECG signal interference. The distinct methodologies contribute to the observed differences in denoising measurement results between the two studies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 80, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 264, "width": 236, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the denoising test results using the Deep LSTM Autoencoder algorithm, the evaluation on AFDB dataset results the best SNR and RMSE values at 56.16 and 0.00037, respectively. Meanwhile, for the MITDB dataset, the corresponding values are 65.22 and 0.00018. Notably, this research exhibits a significant advantage as the achieved SNR and RMSE values surpass those of comparable studies. Nevertheless, the limitations of this research stem from the constrained availability of arrhythmia datasets from MITDB and AFDB. We recommend future researchers to explore and acquire a more extensive collection of arrhythmia data to further enhance denoising performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 419, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 444, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research was supported by the Department of Informatics, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia and Human Centric (HUMIC) Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 504, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 530, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "One of the authors of this article, Satria Mandala, is a member of the editorial team of this journal. This relationship could potentially create a conflict of interest. However, several steps have been taken to ensure the review and publication process's integrity, transparency, and fairness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 589, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. The author was not involved in any stage of the article's editorial decision-making process.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 613, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. The article was subjected to the same rigorous peer- review process as any other submissions, handled independently by another editorial board member.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 649, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Satria Mandala has no access to the review reports or any other privileged information regarding his manuscript's submission.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 697, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 722, "width": 236, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] N. Wenninger, C. Bernhart, W. Kappaun, A. Kollau, K. Kalcher, and A. Ortner, \"High-performance amperometric determination of nitric oxide released by endothelial cells using flow injection analysis,\" Talanta, vol. 253, p. 123810, 2023/02/01/ 2023.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 774, "width": 236, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] R. 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Matsui, \"Clustering analysis of acoustic emission signals in the monitoring of stone monuments: case of the freeze‒thaw deterioration of tuffs,\" Heritage Science, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 119, 2023/06/07 2023..", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 342, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "NOMENCLATURE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 367, "width": 131, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Do meaning of original signal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 378, "width": 151, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dr, meaning of reconstructed signal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 388, "width": 144, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "L c meaning of signal is denoted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 412, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "AUTHOR(S) BIOGRAPHY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 438, "width": 93, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dandi Mochamad Reza", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 450, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Final year student at the Department of Informatics, School of Computing, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 486, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satria Mandala", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 498, "width": 236, "height": 103, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satria Mandala is currently an Associate Professor in Human Centric (HUMIC) Engineering, School of Computing, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia. His research interests cover various areas, including Network Security, Wireless Sensor Network and Biomedical Informatics using Machine Learning. He received his PhD in Computer Science at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). He also has authored numbers of papers in preferred academic journals and a reviewer of scientific journals and conferences..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 617, "width": 58, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salim M. Zaki", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 629, "width": 236, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Directorate of Studies, Planning and Follow-up, Department of Follow-up, Iraq, Baghdad.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 676, "width": 78, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Eileen Su Lee Ming", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 688, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "PhD degree in Bioengineering at Imperial College London, U.K. Currently a Senior Lecturer, University Technology Malaysia. The area of research concentrates on Medical Simulator, Virtual Reality, Robotic Rehabilitation and Motor Learning.", "type": "Text" } ]
daf4f0be-a0a0-7f17-718b-e57da2e0a8bd	https://www.jurnal-umbuton.ac.id/index.php/Agribisnis/article/download/3323/1827	[ { "left": 76, "top": 36, "width": 113, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 54, "width": 250, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2527-8479 (Print) & ISSN: 2686-2174 (Online) Volume-7 \| Issue-1\| May-2023 \|", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 328, "top": 69, "width": 205, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.35326/agribisnis.v7i1.3323", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 796, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 111, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research Article", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 128, "width": 428, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Sayuran Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Di Kelurahan Liabuku Kota Baubau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 177, "width": 256, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antasalam Ajo 1 , Ismail Failu 2 , Abdul Hadi Bone 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 191, "width": 394, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Boton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 203, "width": 415, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2,3 Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Korespondensi: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 665, "width": 471, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan pakan alternatif merupakan kebutuhan saat ini di tengah pertambahan penduduk di bumi, peningkatan permintaan produk hewani, dan kelangkaan pangan konvensional. Apalagi kebutuhan pakan alternatif bukan hanya untuk manusia, tapi tapi juga hewan ternak untuk kebutuhan produksi. Melalui metode yang tepat dan memiliki nilai gizi, subtitusi pangan alternatif baik sebagian atau seluruhnya akan mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi dan lingkungan melalui pendekatan yang tepat serta memiliki nilai gizi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 471, "top": 257, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE HISTORY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 271, "width": 78, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received: 17.05.2023 Accepted: 19.05.2023 Published: 31.05.2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 474, "top": 318, "width": 73, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE LICENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 474, "top": 333, "width": 85, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2023 The Author(s): This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 258, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 271, "width": 381, "height": 130, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vegetable waste, including mustard greens, cabbage, and kale, which are commonly discarded by communities, holds potential as an alternative feed for tilapia. This study aimed to examine the impact of vegetable waste on the growth of tilapia. The experiment utilized an experimental design with a completely randomized design (CRD), comprising four treatments and three replications, resulting in a total of twelve experimental units. Date analysis was conducted using the One-Way ANOVA method. The findings indicated that feeding combinations of mustard greens, cabbage, and kale did not significantly influence the absolute weight growth, survival rate, dan feed conversion of tilapia. Nevertheless, vegetable waste exhibits substantial potential as an effective source of artificial feed. Consequently, utilizing vegetable waste as an alternative feed can serve as a viable solution to address tilapia feed challenges, ensuring business sustainability, and generating additional income for farmers economically.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 414, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Vegetable Waste, Tilapia Growth, Community Income, One-Way ANOVA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 437, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 451, "width": 378, "height": 143, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Limbah Sayuran seperti sawi, kubis, dan kangkung yang sering dibuang oleh masyarakat memiliki potensi sebagai pakan alternatif bagi ikan nila. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh limbah sayuran terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, sehingga total terdapat dua belas unit percobaan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode One-Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan kombinasi sayuran seperti sawi, kubis, dan kangkung tidak memliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan konversi pakan ikan nila. namun, limbah sayuran memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber pakan buatan yang efektif. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai alternatif pakan dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi masalah pakan ikan nila, menjaga keberlanjutan usaha, dan memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi petani secara ekonomi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 609, "width": 376, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Limbah Sayuran, Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila, Pendapatan Masyarakat, One-Way ANOVA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain meningkatkan kualitas pakan budidaya ikan, variasi ikan juga harus diperluas. Bahan pakan buatan umumnya menggunakan tepung ikan dan bungkil kedelai sebagai bahan baku utama karena kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi. Namun, karena harganya yang tinggi, seringkali diperlukan pilihan bahan pakan alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah pakan. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dicoba adalah membuat pakan sendiri dengan komposisi yang tepat. Dalam hal ini, berbagai bahan baku yang tersedia di sekitar dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Bahan-bahan tersebut harus memiliki nilai gizi yang baik dan ekonomis sehingga dapat memenuhi kebuttuhan nutrisi ikan secara efektif. Dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal yang melimpah, dapat mengembangkan pakan buatan yang berkelanjutan dan hemat biaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 249, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam budidaya ikan, perolehan pakan menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Pakan memainkan peran krusial dalam budidaya ikan intensif, dan diperkirakan sekitar 30% hingga 60% dari biaya produksi ikan merupakan faktor biaya variabel terbesar (Webster dab Liem, 2002). Penggunaan pakan buatan yang cukup dalam jumlah yang tepat dan dengan nutrisi yang baik sangat penting dalam budidaya ikan. Namun, bahan baku pakan yang paling penting masih diimpor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi tersebut. Bahan baku pakan ikan yang diimpor meliputi tepung ikan, tepung cumi, tepung krustasea, tepung tulang daging (MBM), tepung daging ayam (PMM), bungkil kedelai, tepung terigu, serta berbagai vitamin dan mineral. Menurut data dari Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2009, kebutuhan akan pakan ini tidak dapat dihindari dalam budidaya ikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan pada bahan baku pakan impor masih tinggi di Indonesia. Untuk mencapai kemandirian pakan ikan, upaya perlu dilakukan untuk mengembangkan sumber daya lokal yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan. Dengan demikian, pengurangan ketergantungan terhadap impor bahan baku pakan ikan dapat tercapai, sehingga budidaya ikan dapat menjadi lebih berkelanjutan dan ekonomis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 471, "height": 153, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu solusi alternatif yang dapat diupayakan adalah dengan menyusun pakan buatan sendiri menggunakan metode yang sederhana, dan memanfaatkan sumber bahan baku yang relatif murah. Bahan pakan alternatif ini dapat terdiri dari berbagai jenis limbah yang memiliki kandungan gizi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ikan, sehingga memberikan nilai tambah dalam produksi. Penggunaan bahan pakan alternatif ini direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan nilai produksi secara ekonomis. Dengan menyediakan pakan alternatif ini, tidak hanya mengurangi biaya produksi, tetapi juga memberikan manfaat ekonomi yang signifikan. Selain itu, penggunaan bahan pakan alternatif juga dapat membantu mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan baku impor, sehingga menciptakan keberlanjutan dalam budidaya ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 471, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun teknik penyusunan pakan buatan sendiri dan pengolahan limbah sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat dilakukan melalui metode pengeringan, fermentasi atau pengolahan lainnya yang sesuai dengan jenis limbah yang digunakan. Dalam proses ini, penting untuk memperhatikan kebersihan dan keamanan pakan yang disiapkan, serta memastikan bahwa kandungan nutrisi yang diperlukan oleh ikan terpenuhi. Dengan demikian, pemanfaatan bahan pakan alternatif ini dapat menjadi solusi yang efektif untuk mengurangi biaya produski, meningkatkan keberlanjutan, dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi dalam budidaya ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Limbah hasil pertanian memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan karena masih memiliki nilai gizi yang cukup baik, terutama sebagai sumber karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak. Salah satu jenis limbah pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah limbah sayuran. Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan tidak hanya memiliki nilai gizi penting, tetapi juga dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis yang signifikan. Khususnya dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19, dimana aktivitas masyarakat terbatas oleh pemabatasan kegiatan, pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomis yang lebih besar. Hal ini dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat terdampak, serta memberikan solusi dalam pengelolaan limbah pertanian yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan, tidak hanya dapat mengurangi dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan oleh limbah pertanian, tetapi jyga dapat meningkatkan kemandirian pakan ikan dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan pakan impor. Selain itu, pemanfaatan limbah sayuran ini juga dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal melalui pengembangan usaha pengolahan limbah sayuran menjadi pakan ikan. Dengan keseluruhan, pemanfaatan limbah hasil pertanian, khususnya limbah sayuran, sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat memberikan manfaat ganda, yaitu memberikan nilai gizi bagi ikan, mengurangi dampak lingkungan, dan memberikan dampak ekonomis yang positif dalam masyarakat terdampak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 392, "width": 471, "height": 186, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menganalisis kebaruan penelitian dengan menggunakan aplikasi Vosviewer 1.6.16. untuk melakukan ekstraksi jurnal, digunakan Windows GUI Edition 8.1.3683.8011 pada database Scopus. Kata kunci yang dimasukan adalah “limbah sayuran” dan “bisnis makanan alternatif”, serta kata “jurnal” untuk memperoleh jurnal yang relevan. Hasilnya, ditemukan sebanyak 256 jurnal dalam rentang tahun 1974 hingga 2021. Rentang waktu yang dipilh ini bertujuan untuk memastikan kebaruan penelitian, yaitu apakah penelitian tentang penggunaan irisan sayuran seperti sawi, kubis, dan kangkung sebagai pakan alternatif untuk pertumbuhan ikan nila belum pernah dilakukan atau belum cukup banyak dilakukan sebelumnya. Selanjutnya metadata jurnal tersebut dilengkapi dengan abstrak dan kata kunci melalui penggunaan aplikasi manajemen referensi Mendeley versi 1.19.8. Selain itu, informasi tambahan diperoleh melalui Vosviewer, yang dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1 (informasi dari gambar disediakan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 743, "width": 432, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 Hasil Analisis Vosviewer pada Penelitian Berbasis Meta data pada Data base Scopus.com", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 91, "width": 471, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis VOSviewer menunjukkan 126 item, 15 klaster, 406 link, dan total kekuatan link sebanyak 469. Jumlah warna menunjukkan jumlah klaster. Berdasarkan Gambar 1, maka diperoleh informasi bahwa penelitian tentang hubungan antara kata kunci “limbah sayuran” dan kata kunci “bisnis makanan alternatif” khususnya pada database Scopus.com paling tidak belum banyak yang lakukan, ditunjukkan dengan tidak adanya atau masih kurangnya garis yang menghubungkan antara kata kunci “limbah sayuran” dan kata kunci “bisnis makanan alternatif” pada Gambar 1. Berarti penelitian tentang penggunaan limbah sayuran terhadap pertumbuhan ikan khususnya ikan nila masih terbuka untuk didalami lebih lanjut dan dilakukan pada masa-masa yang akan datang untuk menemukan formulasi yang terbaik sebagai pakan ikan, khususnya pakan ikan nilai sebagaimana pada penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 265, "width": 471, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Minat terhadap penelitian tentang penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan alternatif sangat tinggi karena pemanfaatan limbah yang biasanya dibuang dan mengotori lingkungan akan dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan menjadi sumber penghasilan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Selain itu juga akan menekan dampak negatif kerusakan lingkungan, dan pada akhirnya mengurangi gangguan kesehatan manusia karena polusi yang ditimbulkan oleh limbah sayuran ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 471, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran juga merupakan cara yang baik dalam memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang tersedia. Apalagi volume limbah sayuran semakin meningkat searah dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk, maka upaya memanfaatkan limbah sayuran adalah langkah yang tepat. Inilah pentingnya penelitian ini sehingga limbah sayuran diteliti bagaimana efeknya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan khususnya ikan nila ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 471, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh sisa-sisa tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Dalam penelitian ini, limbah sayuran digunakan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif untuk ikan nila. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini lebih fokus kepada mengevaluasi bagaimana penggunaan limbah sayuran tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ikan nila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 551, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 567, "width": 471, "height": 201, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam rentang waktu Maret 2022 hingga April 2023 di Kelurahan Liabuku, Kecamatan Bungi, Kota Bau-bau. Alat yang digunakan meliputi timbangan analitik untuk mengukur berat ikan dengan presisi, serta alat ukur kualitas air seperti termometer, DO meter (alat untuk mengukur kadar oksigen terlarut dalam air), dan pH meter. Bahan yang dibutuhkan adalah limbah sayuran, termasuk sayuran sawi, kubis, dan kangkung, yang akan digunakan sebagai pakan uji dalam penelitian. Limbah sayuran ini akan dijadikan pakan untuk ikan nila dalam percobaan. Hewan percobaan yang digunakan adalah ikan nila sebanyak 120 ekor, dengan masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 10 ekor ikan nila yang memiliki ukuran anatara 7 hingga 9 cm dengan berat rata-rata sebesar 13,9 gram. Kemudian wadah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kolam tanah dengan ukuran 100 x 100 x 100 cm. Total terdapat 12 petak atau kolam tanah yang digunakan. Setiap kolam tanah ditempatkan di dalam kolam air tawar. Jumlah ikan yang ditebar dalam setiap kolam tanah adalah 10 ekor, dengan kepadatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tebar yang telah ditentukan. Pakan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sawi, kubis, dan kangkung, yang akan diberikan kepada ikan sesuai dengan perkembangan pertumbuhan ikan. Jumlah pakan yang diberikan adalah sebanyak 10% dari berat badan ikan dan akan disesuaikan dengan setiap perlakuan yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 475, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen atau uji lapangan dan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan taraf empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan, sehingga terdapat total dua belas unit percobaan. Setiap unit percobaan menggunakan wadah kolam tanah atau waring dan diujikan dengan 10 ekor ikan nila berberat rata-rata 13,9 gram. Ada empat perlakuan yang diuji yaitu pengontrol perlakuan (pakan komersial); perlakuan A: sawi 20% tambah kubis 70% tambah kangkung 10%; perlakuan B: sawi 50% tambah kubis 40% tambah kangkung 10%; perlakuan C: sawi 60% tambah kubis 30% tambah kangkung 10%. Setiap perlakuan memiliki komposisi gizi yang berbeda- beda dengan tujuan untuk menentukan formula yang terbaik dalam memberikan pakan ikan yang juga ekonomis. Lay out wadah penelitian juga terlihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 313, "width": 267, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "K1 A3 K2 B1 A2 B2 B3 C2 C3 K3 C1 A1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 215, "top": 371, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Layout Wadah Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 387, "width": 471, "height": 146, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun cara perlakuan yaitu siapkan pakan komersial dan limbah sayur kubis, sawi dan kangkung. Kemudian limbah sayur tersebut dibersihkan dengan air bersih, potong kecil sesuai ukuran mulut ikan. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan komersial berupa pakan organik seperti dedak yang bersal langsung dari olahan pabrik. Kombinasi perlakuan diberi label A, B, dan C. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan dalam rentang waktu satu hari mulai jam 9 pagi, jam 1 siang, dan jam 5 sore dengan jumlah pemberian pakan sebesar 10% dari bobot ikan per hari. Untuk mengukur pertumbuhan berat mutlak dihitung sesuai rumus menurut Effendie (1979) berikut: 𝐻 = 𝑊𝑡−𝑊0 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 538, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 328, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H : Pertumbuhan berat mutlak (gram) Wt : Rata-rata berat individu pada akhir percobaan (gram) W0 : Rata-rata berat individu pada awal percobaan (gram)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 601, "width": 433, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tingkat kelangsungan hidup dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus Effendie (1979) berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 629, "width": 55, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑇𝐾𝐻 = 𝑁𝑡", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 111, "top": 638, "width": 55, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑁0 𝑥100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 662, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 325, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "TKH : Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan (%) Nt : Jumlah ikan yang hidup pada akhir percobaan (ekor)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 710, "width": 324, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N0 : Jumlah ikan yang hidup pada awal percobaan (ekor)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 410, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konversi Pakan dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus Effendie (1979) berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 28, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐾𝑃 =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 737, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐹", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 754, "width": 82, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(𝑊𝑡 + 𝐷) − 𝑊0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KP : Konversi Pakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 91, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F : Jumlah pakan yang diberikan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 233, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wt : Bobot badan pada akhir percobaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 123, "width": 234, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "W0 : Bobot badan pada awal percobaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D : Jumlah bobot ikan yang mati", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 471, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik ANOVA satu arah (One-Way Anova) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% untuk mengevaluasi apakah terdapat pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan pakan dengan penambahan limbah kubis, sawi, dan kangkung terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan rasio konversi pakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Pertumbuhan Bobot Mutlak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 265, "width": 471, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, ternyata pemberian pakan alternatif dari limbah sayuran, seperti limbah sawi, kubis, dan kangkung, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila. Hal ini berarti perlakuan pakan dengan penambahan limbah sayuran tersebut tidak memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila dibandingkan dengan pakan komersial artinya bahwa tidak memberikan efek yang cukup berarti sehingga kemungkinan ada terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ikan nila seperti kondisi lingkungan, manajemen pakan, dan faktor genetik yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 548, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Grafik hasil pertumbuhan bobot ikan nila", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 578, "width": 471, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil grafik di atas menunjukkan nilai rata-rata yang diberikan perlakuan K : 28,43 %; Perlakuan A : 27,47 %; Perlakuan B : 28,06 %; Perlakuan C : 29,55 %. Rata-rata keseluruhan perlakuan sebesar 28,38 %. Dari nilai tersebut, terlihat bahwa perlakuan C memiliki nilai rata-rata tertinggi yaitu 29,55%. Hal ini berarti menunjukkan pemberian pakan dengan penambahan limbah sayuran, khususnya dengan kandungan sayur sawi ^0% memberikan hasil pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Penyebab peningkatan pertumbuhan mutlak pada perlakuan C dapat dikaitkan dengan kandungan gizi yang lebih tinggi dalam sayur sawi tersebut. Kandungan gizi yang lebih tinggi, seperti nutrisi dan zat-zat penting lainnya, dalam sayur sawi pada perlakuan C memberikan manfaat yang lebih besar bagi pertumbuhan ikan nila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan panjang atau berat dari waktu ke waktu disebut sebagai pertumbuhan. Laju pertumbuhan harian direpresentasikan sebagai persentase kenaikan berat badan setiap hari, sedangkan pertumbuhan berat absolut dinyatakan sebagai perubahan ukuran berat selama periode waktu tertentu. Perlakuan A (20% kubis + 70% kubis + 10% kangkung) memiliki laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 27,47 gram, perlakuan B (50% sawi + 40% kubis + 10% kangkung) memiliki laju pertumbuhan bobot muttlak 28,06 gram, dan perlakuan C (60% sawi + 30% kubis + 10% kangkung) memiliki laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 29,55 gram. Hal ini berdasarkan perhitungan One-way ANOVA dari hasil setiap perlakuan sehingga limbah sayuran pada pakan buatan tidak berdampak pada perkembangan ikan nila ( Oreochromis niloticus ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 312, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kecernaan merupakan evaluasi kuantitatif dari konversi nutrisi dan komponen nutrisi dalam pakan. Tingkat kecernaan pakan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti kualitas pakan, komposisi bahan pakan, kandungan gizi dalam pangan, jenis dan aktivitas enzim pencernaan dalam saluran pencernaan ikan, ukuran dan umur ikan serta sifat fisik dan kimia perairan. Dalam konteks penelitian ini, diduga rendahnya kecernaan pakan dengan penambahan limbah kangkung air tawar dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Pertama, kandungan nutrisi yang rendah dalam kangkung air tawar seperti rendahnya energi pakan, kandungan protein, dan kandungan serat kasar. Hal ini dapat berpengaruh pada tingkat kecernaan pakan oleh ikan nila. Selain itu, komposisi kimia daun dan batang kangkung air tawar memiliki kadar air yang tinggi, kadar abu yang rendah, kadar lemak yang rendah, protein rendah, dan kadar serat kasar yang rendah. Selama proses pengukusan, hanya kandungan protein yang mengalami peningkatan. Faktor-faktor ini dapat mempengaruhi kecernaan pakan oleh ikan nila. Selain nutrisi, komponen lainseperti makromineral juga berperan dalam kecernaan pakan. Kandungan makromineral dalam kangkung air tawar, seperti kalsium (Ca), fosfor (P), magnesium (Mg), kalium (K), dan natrium (Na), dapat mempengaruhi kecernaan pakan oleh ikan nila. selain itu juga, jenis dan aktivitas enzim pencernaan dalam saluran pencernaan ikan, ukuran dan umur ikan, serta kondisi perairan. Perlu juga memperhatikan komponen utama pakan seperti karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein yang berperan penting dalam menyediakan energi bagi ikan dan memenuhi kebutuhan metaboliknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 551, "width": 471, "height": 217, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah konsumsi pakan oleh ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, termasuk karakteristik fisik pakan dan kualitas air. Karakteristik fisik pakan, seperti bau, rasa, ukuran, dan warna, dapat mempengaruhi nafsu makan ikan. Ikan cenderung lebih tertarik pada pakan yang memiliki aroma dan rasa yang menarik. Ukuran pakan juga penting, karena ikan lebih cenderung memilih pakan yang sesuai dengan ukuran mulutnya. Warna pakan juga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat konsumsi karena beberapa spesies ikan lebih responsif terhadap pakan yang memiliki warna tertentu. Selain itu, kualitas air juga memiliki peran penting dalam konsumsi pakan oleh ikan. Suhu air, misalnya mempengaruhi proses metabolisme ikan. Peningkatan suhu air cendrung meningkatkan tingkat metabolisme ikan, yang pada gilirannya meningkatkan kebutuhan pakan. Dalam kondisi suhu yang lebih tinggi, ikan cendrung mengkonsumsi lebih banyak pakan untuk memenuhi kebetuhan energi yang diperlukan oleh tubuhnya. Hasil penelitian juga telah menunjukkan bahwa makanan berkualitas tinggi yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang baik dan kecernaan yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi konversi makanan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ikan. Dengan kata lain, ikan dapat menggunakan makanan yang berkualitas tinggi dengan lebih efektif untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kelangsungan hidupnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 123, "width": 471, "height": 249, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan bahwa penggunaan limbah pertanian sayur, sawi, kubis, dan kangkung sebagai sumber pakan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji statistik One-way ANOVA (P<0,05) bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikansi dalam tingkat kelangsungan hidup antara perlakuan yang diberikan limbah pertanian sayur sawi, kubis dan kangkung. Namun, kondisi lingkungan fisik dan kimia juga memiliki peran penting dalam kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. pengamatan faktor pendukung seperti konsentrasi amoniak menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan fisik dan kimia tidak mendukung kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. konsentrasi amoniak yang terlalu tinggi dalam air dapat memiliki efek negatif pada kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan. Hal ini didukung dari hasil pengukuran faktor pendukung (amoniak perlakuan A: 0,017-0,034 mg/l, amoniak perlakuan B: 0,024-0,037 mg/l; dan amoniak Perlakukan C: 0,014-0,031 mg/l. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila pada perlakuan memiliki nilai rata-rata yang cukup tinggi. Perlakuan K memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 99%, perlakuan A sebesar 93%, perlakuan B sebesar 97%, perlakukan C sebesar 97%. Rata-rata keseluruhan dari semua perlakuan adalah sebesar 96%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 573, "width": 268, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Grafik tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 471, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil gambar dapat diamati bahwa mortalitas atau kematian ikan nila paling tinggi terjadi pada perlakuan A (20% sawi + 70% kubis + 10% kangkung), dengan kisaran nilai sebesar 93%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian sayur kubis dalam komposisi pakan yang tinggi dapat berdampak negatif terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. oleh pemberian sayur kubis yang terlalu tinggi akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kematian ikan nila. Tingkat kematian yang tinggi pada perlakuan A mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor- faktor tertentu, seperti karakteristik nutrisi dari sayur kubis yang tidak cocok untuk ikan nila, kandungan zat-zat berbahaya atau reaksi alergi ikan terhadap pakan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 725, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penanganan yang buruk selama penimbangan dan penangkapan ikan dapat menyebabkan stres pada ikan dan potensi kerusakan fisik. Jika ikan terlalu terganggu atau stres, maka mungkin melompat keluar dari tangki uji yang dapat menyebabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 217, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "cedera atau bahkan kematian. Selain itu, teknik penangkapan yang tidak tepat juga dapat menyebabkan terlepasnya sisik ikan. Sisik yang terlepas dapat menyebabkan kerentanan terhadap infeksi atau ceedra pada kulit ikan. Oleh karen itu, penting untuk menggunakan teknik penangkapan yang lembut dan memperhatikan keamanan ikan selama proses penanganan. Selain faktor penanganan, perilaku ikan seperti menggesekkan tubuhnya ke dinding tangki juga dapat mengindikasikan adanya ketidaknyamanan atau gangguan pada ikan. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan yang tidak sesuai seperti kualitas air yang buruk, kekurangan nutrisi, atau adanya parasit atau pemnyakit pada ikan. Faktor-faktor biotik dan abiotik juga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. Usia dan kemampuan ikan dalam beradapatasi dengan lingkungannya merupakan faktor biotik yang penting. Sedangkan faktor abiotik, seperti ketersediaan makanan dan kualitas media hidup seperti suhu, pH, dan tingkat oksigen dalam air juga berperan penting dalam mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup ikan nila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Konversi Pakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 313, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konversi pakan merupakan nilai yang mengukur efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dalam pertumbuhan dan produksi hewan ternak, termasuk ikan budidaya. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) atau Rasio Konversi Pakan adalah metrik yang digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah pakan yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan satu kilogram daging ikan budidaya. Variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi rasio konversi pakan antara lain: kualitas dan kuantitas pakan, spesies ikan, ukuran ikan, dan kualitas air. Selain variabel ini juga terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi rasio konversi pakan, seperti suhu air, kepadatan populasi ikan, kondisi lingkungan, dan manajemen budidaya. Penting untuk memperhatikan faktor-faktor tersebut dalam budidaya ikan guna memperoleh rasio konversi pakan yang efisien dan hasil produksi yang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 472, "width": 471, "height": 169, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis bahwa, konversi pakan ikan nila pada masing-masing perlakuan adalah sebagai berikut: perlakuan K: 13,52, perlakuan A: 15,05, Perlakukan B: 11,51, perlakukan C: 10,89. Rata-rata keseluruhan perlakuan sebesar 12,74. Hasil analisis sidik ragam One-way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A pada pakan buatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konversi pakan ikan nila. Hal ini dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa pemberian pakan buatan pada perlakuan A tidak mempengaruhi efisiensi konversi pakan ikan nila secara signifikan. Dalam konteks ini, semakin kecil nilai FCR menunjukkan tingkat efisiensi yang lebih baik dalam memanfaatkan pakan untuk pertumbuhan ikan nila. Hasil ini didukung oleh teori Effendi (1997), bahwa ikan memiliki kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan pakan yang diberikan secara optimal, sehingga pakan tersebut dapat diserap dan digunakan untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi daging.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 471, "height": 136, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Grafik hasil konversi pakan ikan Dengan menggunakan gambar 4 dapat dijelaskan bahwa FCR pada perlakuan C Sawi 60% + Kubis 30%+ Kangkung 10% yaitu 29.55 Gram, kemudian kontrol (Pakan Komersial) sebesar 28.43 Gram dan Perlakuan B Sawi 50% + Kubis 40% + Kangkung 10% sebesar 28.06 Gram dan yang terendah pada perlakuan A Sawi 20% + Kubis 70% + Kangkung 10% sebesar 27.47 Gram. Hasil analisis varian sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan kombinasi Sawi, Kubis dan Kangkung tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada semua perlakuan. Hal ini diduga akibat rendahnya kemampuan ikan nila untuk mencerna sawi, kubis dan kangkung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 434, "width": 471, "height": 265, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Limbah sayuran sawi, kubis, dan kangkung telah digunakan sebagai komponen pakan untuk spesies ikan tertentu, seperti ikan wader (Rasbora argyrotaenia) dalam bidang perikanan. Kubis dan daun kangkung merupakan sumber pakan yang baik untuk nila, meskipun daun kangkung masih dianggap gulma oleh beberapa petani, dan sering dianggap sampah. Daun kangkung memiliki kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi yang membuatnya kurang ideal sebagai bahan pakan ikan Kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi dapat menyulitkan pencernaan ikan dan mengurangi efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan. Oleh karena itu, daun kangkung sering dibuang atau dianggap tidak cocok sebagai pakan ikan. Penting untuk memperhatikan kandungan protein dalam pakan ikan, karena protein merupakan komponen penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Pakan dengan kandungan protein yang tinggi cenderung menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan yang lebih baik, sedangkan pakan dengan kandungan protein rendah dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan rendah pula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor utama yang menentukan tinggi rendahnya efisiensi pakan adalah jenis sumber gizi dan jumlah dari setiap komponen sumber gizi dalam pakan. Oleh karena itu, dalam merancang pakan untuk ikan perlu memperhatikan komposisi nutrisi yang tepat, termasuk proporsi dan kualitas bahan pakan yang digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 704, "width": 471, "height": 58, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam konteks daun kangkung, jika kandungan serat kasar terlalu tinggi, mungkin perlu mempertimbangkan penggunaan bahan pakan lain yang memiliki kandungan serat yang lebih rendah atau melakukan pengolahan atau preparasi khusus pada daun kangkung untuk mengurangi kandungan seratnya. Selain itu, penting juga untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memperhatikan faktor-faktor lain seperti ketersediaan, harga, dan dampak lingkungan dalam memilih dan menggabungkan komponen pakan yang optimal untuk ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Faktor Pendukung", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 123, "width": 471, "height": 169, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas air memainkan peran penting dalam peningkatan produksi budidaya ikan nila, terutama dalam sistem budidaya yang intensif. Budidaya ikan nila secara intensif ditandai dengan kepadatan tebar tinggi dan pemberian pakan berprotein tinggi untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal. Kontrol kualitas air yang baik sangat penting dalam budidaya intensif untuk menjaga kesehatan dan kinerja ikan nila. Beberapa faktor kualitas air yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain: kualitas air fisika dan kimia, dan ketersediaan oksigen. Pengelolaan kualitas air yang baik melibatkan pemantauan secara teratur terhadap parameter kualitas air, perawatan sistem filtrasi, pemeliharaan kebersihan kolam atau tangki budidaya, dan penggunaan teknologi atau metode pengolahan air yang tepat. Dengan menjaga kualitas air yang baik, ikan nila dapat tumbuh dengan optimal menghindari penyakit dan meningkatkan produktivitas dalam budidaya secara intensif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 471, "height": 186, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengukuran kualitas air selama 8 minggu menunjukkan kondisi normal yaitu pada perlakuan K : kisaran suhu: 25-28 0 C; PH: 7-7,33; Amoniak: 0,019-0,030mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 5,21-5,30ppm, perlakuan A : kisaran suhu: 26-28 0 C; PH: 7,34-7,40; Amoniak: 0,017-0,034 mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 4,10-4,40 ppm, perlakuan B : kisaran suhu: 25-28 0 C; PH: 7,16-7,34; Amoniak: 0,024-0,037 mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 5,29-5,50 ppm, Perlakukan C : kisaran suhu: 25-27 0 C; PH: 7,18-7,30; Amoniak: 0,014-0,031 mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 5,18-5,40 ppm. Kualitas air yang baik dan stabil penting untuk menjaga kesehatan ikan nila dan memaksimalkan pertumbuhan. Kualitas air pada empat perlakuan tampak normal dan cukup memadai untuk pemeliharaan ikan nila selama 8 minggu, namun perlu diingat bahwa pemantauan dan pemeliharaan kualitas air yang terus-menerus sangat penting untuk memastikan lingkungan yang optimal bagi ikan nila sepanjang siklus budidaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 471, "height": 201, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemberian perlakuan yang tepat dalam penelitian ini memberikan masukan penting dalam pengembangan penggunaan pakan alternatif dari limbah sayuran. Penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat menjadi solusi yang baik dalam mengurangi pembuangan limbah yang dapat merusak lingkungan. Dengan memanfaatkan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan ikan dapat mengurangi volume limbah yang berakhir di tempat pembuangan akhir dan mengurangi dampak negatifnya terhadap lingkungan. Selain itu, penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan juga dapat memberikan alternatif pendapatan tambahan bagi masyarakat, terutama bagi yang terlibat dalam usaha budidaya. Pengembangan penggunaan limbah sayuran yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang dapat mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada, mengurangi limbah, dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Selain itu juga pendekatan penelitian ini mendukung prinsip keberlanjutan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya secara bijaksana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 710, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kesimpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan bobot mutlak hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C (Sawi 60% + Kubis 30%+ Kangkung 10%) memberikan pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi, sedangkan perlakuan A (Sawi 20% + Kubis 70% + Kangkung 10%) memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 149, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pertumbuhan bobot mutlak terendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pakan sawi, kubis, dan kangkung dalam proporsi tertentu dapat berpotensi meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan nila. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan kontrol (pelet) yaitu sebesar 99%. Perlakuan A (Sawi 20% + Kubis 70% + Kangkung 10%) menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup terendah sebesar 93%. Meskipun ada perbedaan dalam tingkat kelangsungan hidup antara perlakuan. Konversi pakan tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan C (Sawi 60% + Kubis 30%+ Kangkung 10%) dengan nilai sebesar 10.89%, sementara perlakuan A (75% kangkung + 25% dedak) memiliki angka konversi pakan terendah sebesar 15.05%. konversi pakan yang lebih rendah menunjukkan efisiensi pakan yang lebih baik, dimana ikan dapat mengubah pakan menjadi pertumbuhan dengan lebih efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 227, "width": 471, "height": 162, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil tersebut di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan kombinasi sawi, kubis, dan kangkung tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan konversi pakan pada ikan nila dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mengembangkan penggunaan limbah sayuran secara lebih luas dan mendalam, penelitian lebih lanjut dan eksperimen yang lebih komprehensif mungkin diperlukan. Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan ikan nila memiliki potensi besar dalam memberikan manfaat ekonomi dan mendukung keberlanjutan usaha petani. Dengan memanfaatkan limbah sayuran, limbah tersebut dapat diubah menjadi sumber pakan yag bernilai dan mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Pengembangan lebih lanjut dalam penggunanaan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan ikan dapat memberikan alternatif yang berharga dalam budidaya ikan nila khususnya dan memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi petani ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 406, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 420, "width": 471, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. 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6c428af1-55c6-39df-5ae4-c87457e95ef3	https://jurnal.syntaxliterate.co.id/index.php/syntax-literate/article/download/50/77	[ { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 206, "top": 88, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate : Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia – ISSN : 2541-0849 e-ISSN : 2548-1398 Vol. 2, No 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 164, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE EFFECT OF GENDER DIFFERENCES AND READING STRATEGIES TOWARD STUDETS’ READING COMPREHENSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 208, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 146, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 274, "width": 397, "height": 281, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this research were to find out whether there is any significant difference result of reading comprehension between gender (male and female), whether there is any significant difference result of reading comprehension in the use of reading strategies (cognitive-metacognitive), and whether there is a significant interaction of gender differences and the use of reading strategies towards students’ reading comprehension. A quantitative analysis that included descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (ANOVA) tests were conducted to answer the research questions of this study. The respondents of this study were the third semester students of the reading III program at English department of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University in Banten. Out of 94 students of the population, 50 (25 females and 25 males) were chosen as the samples. To collect data, the study used two kinds of instruments: a reading comprehension test, and questionnaires. The result of this study revealed that out of two independent variables, only the variables of gender affected students’ reading comprehension (p – value < 0.05). However, the different use of reading strategies did not give significant effect on students’ reading comprehension (p – value > 0.05). But the overall use of both reading strategies through different gender had not shown significant interaction on students’ reading comprehension (p – value > 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 560, "width": 397, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Therefore, lecture should teach not only reading lesson, but also how to make the students be acquainted with strategies in reading.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 366, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Gender differences, reading strategies, reading comprehension", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 659, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In English Foreign Language setting, reading is the most important channel that language learners need to learn. According to Richard and Renandya (2012), “Many foreign language students often have reading as one of their most important goal. They", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "want to be able to read information, for pleasure, and for study purposes”. By mastering the reading skill, students may be able to fulfill their educational needs as well as discharge their own pleasure.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Indonesian educational context, students at schools and universities have limited exposures to real language use, so they need reading as a way for them to absorb the knowledge of English as well as understand various kinds of texts. University students majoring in any field of studies who are studying English usually face some serious problems relating to academic texts if they do not master reading as one of their English basic skills.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The fact that comprehension is very crucial in reading then leads the researcher to conduct her preliminary observation in English department of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University regarding to the male and female differences on their reading achievement and problems. She found out from the last semester result of reading III class that almost 34,5 percent bad scores came from female students while male students only account for 14,6 percent out of total classes population. This result was in the opposite with the theory of Dardjowidjojo (2003) who states that language learning is generally dominated by women. However, this result might be varies from one to another research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 428, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are two major reasons for the researcher’s interest of studying language and gender; educational reason and social reason which both are interconnected. Firstly, the reason comes from educational background. Many of the beliefs reflected address notions of gender differences in cognitive abilities, proficiencies and achievements. Maulrine (2001) reports that the difference level achievements between gender where boys are often making failing grades and they were being labeled as having learning disabilities. Thus, as teacher, we can significantly improve a student’s achievements in language learning and taking into account of her or his gender, approaches to learning, preferences to the certain type of tasks, difficulties, and their social-educational backgrounds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Second reason is social reason. People need to be aware that if gender is a social phenomenon which one should be able to find linguistic evidence of it, since language is the primary means by which we create the categories which help our students to learn. Recent research of Pavlenko and Piller (2008) has also resulted in a more nuanced", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "picture of ways in which gender ideologies and practices shape learners’ desires, investments, and actions with regard to what languages they choose to learn and speak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the educational and social reasons above, the researcher assumes that gender can account for variability on reading comprehension. Studying such social variables such as gender, class, age, and ethnicity, as explained by Milroy and Gordon (2003), are prominent in variationist research and have often been used to elucidate the global patterning of linguistics variation across broad population. So, we as local language practitioners need to find as many evidence to support the language learning of our students by explaining the accountability of these social variables in form of educational research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 130, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Theoretical Framework Reading Comprehension", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the previous explanation, we agreed that comprehension is the result of reading process and in order to achieve that level of successfulness, we have to do a lot of practices and sharpen our comprehension by using specific strategies. As Brown (2001) explained, “Reading comprehension is primarily a matter of developing appropriate, efficient comprehension strategies”. That is, the strong emphasize of reading comprehension is about the reader’s effort.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 428, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The concept of the reader’s effort in gaining comprehension is also supported by Nuttal (1982). He explained that besides sharing assumptions between reader and writer, comprehension involves the reader’s willingness to make some efforts to get the meaning for himself. He also added that if the reader is passive or careless, there will be incomplete interpretation or unclear meaning and far from what the writer has expected from his text. This makes use of the effort will distinguish the readers generally into two types: the good readers and bad readers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 624, "width": 312, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Nuttal’s virtuous cycle of poor versus good readers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 658, "width": 278, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reads slowly Doesnt enjoy reading doesn't read much Doesnt understand Read Faster Reads more Understand better Enjoy Reading", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The difference between poor and good readers relies on their greater endurance. Good readers often withstand in searching the difficult meaning even the text gets complicated; they are aware that decoding words itself is not enough, so they will have a purposive reading strategy and anticipate what they have not understood by asking questions ahead. If they successfully find the meaning, they will continue reading as part of their learning experience.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gender and Language", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 429, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In order to find some possible answers about gender differences in language, one has to go back in time and look at the historical background of gender studies. One of the most well known theorist who much discussed about language and gender was Robin Lakoff (1973). She claimed that there is a difference between women’s language and men’s language while they are using it. Karlson (2007) listed several characteristics of male and female in written dialogue comments and actions, they are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 378, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Male and Female Language Characters", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 399, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The female character uses The male character uses", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 420, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Intensifiers: So, such", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 441, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hedges: I think, you know, I really,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 459, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I mean, I’m sure, I suppose", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 480, "width": 194, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tag questions: You didn’t – did you?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 523, "width": 193, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Minimal responses: Yeah, mhm, right", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 565, "width": 193, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Words which are supposed to be used more frequently by women than men: Oh, my goodness", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 627, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Polite language: Please", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 648, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Formal language: I can not", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 418, "width": 193, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. No feed back on the female’s comment.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 461, "width": 194, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Minimal response in order to let the woman knows he is not interested in what she has to say.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 523, "width": 194, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Taboo words: The man uses taboo words which are suppossed to be more frequently used among males than females. The words are: Shit!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 321, "top": 606, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "God damn it!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 625, "width": 194, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Commands: ‘Give me some", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 321, "top": 645, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "paper!’, ‘Hand me the Sport", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 666, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Magazine by the sofa!’", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 428, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lakoff’s reasons of the differences language between male and female was because of the social factors, not because the language that they acquired. She", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "distinguished five reasons that cause this differences into: different social role, social discrimination exists, value of another elements, and psychological elements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 228, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cognitive-Metacognitive Reading Strategies", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The cognitive and metacognitive strategies were firstly introduced by O’Malley and Chamot (1990). They define:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 212, "width": 392, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cognitive strategies operate directly on incoming information, manipulating in it ways that enhance learning. On the other hand, metacognitive strategies are higher order executive skills that may entail planning for, monitoring, or evaluating of the success of learning activity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 288, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the definition above, we can conclude that cognitive strategies are “learner based strategies” which operate directly while readers are reading while in the opposite, the metacognitive strategies work beyond the readers’ mind which is more tactical rather than practical as in cognitive strategies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 368, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "O’Malley and Chamot (1990) mentioned several processes that might be included as part of the components of metacognitive strategies (works for receptive or productive skills). They are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Selective attention for special aspects of learning task, as in planning, listening for keywords or phrases;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 326, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Planning the organization of either written or spoken discourse;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Monitoring or reviewing attention to a task, monitoring comprehension for information that should be remembered, or monitoring production while it is occurring; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Evaluating or checking comprehension after completion of a receptive language activity, or evaluating language production after it has taken place.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In explaining the cognitive strategies, O’Malley and Chamot (1990) argued that it might be limited in application to the specific type of task in the learning activity. The key features include in cognitive strategies for only receptive skills (reading and listening) are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 375, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Rehersal, or repeating the names of items or objects that have been heard;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Organization, or grouping and classfying words, terminology, or concepts according to their semantic or syntactic attributes;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Inferencing, or using information in oral text to guess meanings of new linguistic items, predict outcomes, or complete missing parts;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Summarizing, or intermittently synthesizing what one has heard to ensure the information has been retained;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 276, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Deduction, or applying rules to understand language;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Imagery, or using visual images (either generated or actual) to understand and remember new verbal information;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 427, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Transfer, or using known linguistic information to facilitate a new learning task; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Elaboration – linking ideas contained in new information or integrating new ideas with known information (elaboration may be a general category for other strategies, such as imagery, summarization, transfer, and deduction).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In summary, both of cognitive and metacognitive strategies are important which indicate that reading comprehension are active process to construct meaning by having real utilization practice of gaining meaning (as cognitive process), or by setting mental strategy to process meaning (as metacognitive process).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 425, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Methodology", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 446, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research took place at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. It is state university which is located on Jalan Raya Jakarta Km. 3,5 Serang – Banten. The researcher conducted her research on October – December 2013. The population of this research were 94 students from the two classes (class A and B), only 50 students were chosen as the samples. They consist of 25 male and 25 female students; they were chosen randomly by using SPSS version 21. In analysing the data, the researcher applied 2 x 2 factorial design (ANOVA), with two levels of gender (male and female) and two levels of reading strategies (cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research Instruments", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, the writer used two kinds of instruments. They are: reading comprehension test and questionnaires. The reading comprehension test consists of 30 questions. The blueprint of the test is listed as bellow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 88, "width": 388, "height": 267, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Reading Comprehension Test Blueprint No. Forms of exercise Indicators Items 1. Completion Exercise Able to match the designated words with the passages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2. Multiple choice a) Identify the stated main idea b) Identify the stated main idea and details c) Recall detail d) Identify the stated cause and effect e) Recognize the sequence of events f) Recognize fact and opinion g) Recognize elements of a short story (plot, character, setting and theme) h) Compare and contrast 6, 7, 9 11, 12, 13 28 27, 29 21, 22, 23, 2, 25 14, 15 26, 30 3. Vocabularies Exercise Guessing meaning from the context clues 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 Total 30 Items", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 379, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The second instrument were questionaires which were divided into two parts: first, students’ age, gender, academic major, their background, and reasons of studying English and the second part was a part was the cognitive-metacognitive reading strategy items which were adopted from Phakiti (2006). The blueprint of the cognitive- metacognitive questionnaire was stated as follow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 483, "width": 392, "height": 173, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Questionnaire Blueprint Strategies Sub-strategies Items Total Items 1. Cognitive a) Comprehending 2, 3, 6, 7, 14 4 b) Memory 1, 5, 8, 22 4 c) Retrieval 4, 9, 26, 29 5 2. Metacognitive a) Planning 10, 11, 19, 20, 23, 27 6 b) Monitoring 12, 16, 17, 21, 24, 25 6 c) Evaluating 13, 15, 18,28, 30 5 Total 30 30", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this questionnaire, each item was accompanied with a 5-point, Likert-type scale. The higher the number that respondents indicate applies to them, the more frequent the use of the particular strategy is reflected.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Findings", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table below showed the descriptive statistics of gender and their reading strategies preferences:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 150, "width": 322, "height": 212, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Descriptive Statistics Gender Strategies Mean Std. Deviation N Male Cognitive 60.53 12.276 15 Metacognitive 65.60 9.812 10 Total 62.56 11.420 25 Female Cognitive 76.90 10.170 10 Metacognitive 79.80 6.742 15 Total 78.64 8.210 25 Total Cognitive 67.08 13.916 25 Metacognitive 74.12 10.631 25 Total 70.60 12.762 50", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 386, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For male students, there were 25 students. The students who used cognitive strategy there were 15 students with the mean 60.53 and the standard deviation of 12.276, however; the metacognitive only accounts for 10 students with the mean of 65.60and standard deviation of 9.812. The maximum score was 76, the minimum score was 36, and the range was 40. By seeing the male row above, we could see between two groups of strategies; the cognitive strategy was mostly favored by male students. Male students were supposed to use cognitive reading strategy to enhance their reading comprehension by operate comprehending the task, memorizing the words, and retrieving the names of items or objects.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For female students there were also 25 students. Students with cognitive strategy were 10 students with the mean 76.90 and standard deviation 8.210, whereas the metacognitive strategy has bigger amount of 15 students with the mean 79.80and standard deviation of 6.742. The maximum score was 93, the minimum score was 50, and the range was 43.By seeing the female row above, we could see between two groups of strategies; the metacognitive strategy was mostly favored by female students. Female students were supposed to use the metacognitive reading strategy to increase their comprehension rate by planning their written discourse, monitoring the attention to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the task and monitoring comprehension while conducting the test, and evaluating or checking the comprehension after finishing the task.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To conclude, the most favorable reading strategies that were used by male students were the cognitive reading strategies; whereas female students mostly used the metacognitive reading strategies. It can be interpreted that male and female students have different types of reading strategies in their way of achieving better comprehension result.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In inferential statistics, a Two-Way Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) was used to find the answer for related research questions and to test the three hypotheses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 274, "width": 380, "height": 245, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Test Between Subject Effect Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta Squared Corrected Model 3436.567 a 3 1145.522 11.598 .000 .431 Intercept 239984.08 3 1 239984.08 3 2429.719 .000 .981 Gender 2802.963 1 2802.963 28.379 .000 .382 Strategies 190.403 1 190.403 1.928 .172 .040 Gender * Strategies 14.083 1 14.083 .143 .707 .003 Error 4543.433 46 98.770 Total 257198.00 0 50 Corrected Total 7980.000 49", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the table 4.6 for the first category of gender, the p-value (0,000) < ɑ (0,05) which means there was a significant difference of reading comprehension score between the two gender. The null hypothesis (H 0) is rejected and we accept the alternate hypothesis (H 1 ). Thus, we can conclude that there is a significant difference result between male and female students on their reading comprehension.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 647, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For second category which is reading strategy, the result showed that the p-value (0.526) >α (0,05) which means that there is no significant difference between the use of the two reading strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) due to the students’ reading comprehension score. The null hypothesis (H 0 ) is accepted, and the alternate hypothesis (H 1 ) is rejected. Thus, we can conclude that there is no significant difference between", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "students who use cognitive reading strategy with the students who use metacognitive reading strategy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 429, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For the last category which is interaction, the table showed that the p-value (0,707) >α (0,05) which means that there is no significant interaction between gender and the reading strategies. The null hypothesis (H 0 ) is accepted, and the alternate hypothesis (H 1 ) is rejected. Thus, we can conclude that there is no interaction between gender differences and reading strategies on students’ reading comprehension.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 233, "width": 298, "height": 87, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Gender Gender Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Male 63.067 2.029 58.983 67.150 Female 78.350 2.029 74.267 82.433", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gender was the only category that showed a significant difference among the three hypotheses. As an illustration, the table above has showed which type of gender had better score in the reading comprehension that is female.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 428, "height": 218, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the result of the data analysis, the researcher drew several conclusions. First, the result of this research had shown that female has better reading comprehension scores than males. Secondly, the assumption that reading strategies will affect students reading comprehension is seemly to be rejected. Due to the result, the students’ metacognitive and cognitive reading strategies preference does not significantly differ in their reading comprehension score. Thirdly, the interaction between two independent variables did not significantly happened in this research. The choice of using certain reading strategy was not determined by the category of gender. In other words, a certain type of gender using a certain type strategy did not give better result in reading comprehension at third semester students of English department in Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 697, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suggestions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the result of this research, the researcher intended to give several suggestions to the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. There are two things that need to be considered for the further researcher who is interested in conduction research with the same topic. The first is the amount of the population and samples should be adequate enough. The sufficient numbers of samples would give better representation of the overall population. Secondly, the consideration of the age and the language levels of the students itself. The samples should be chosen very carefully to get the better view of the research data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. For undergraduate students of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, they should be introduced with the terms of reading strategies. They should be taught the awareness of using strategies in reading in order to make their reading comprehension better by their lectures since the earlier semester.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Teachers should not only teach the reading lesson which putting too much attention in grammatical and lexical aspects but also teach them to use text to convey meaning, to communicate, and to express something. So the students themselves can pass the reading lesson with better comprehension.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 250, "top": 88, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIBLIOGRAPHY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Barnitz, John. G. 1985. 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42774060-5ee9-658c-6ff7-a6ecba9b30d3	http://ijbs.ipmi.ac.id/index.php/ijbs/article/download/325/159	[ { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 85 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 114, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2622-4585 \| p-ISSN: 2580-0132", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 114, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES ipmi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 395, "top": 570, "width": 106, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 331, "width": 415, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 358, "width": 296, "height": 310, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research study the relationship and the impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and loyalty in the BTN Mobile Banking users. This study uses modi�ied dimensions of the E-SERVQUAL instrument to determine the e-SQ of BTN Mobile Banking service in JABODETABEK which are Personal Needs, Site Organization, User-friendliness and Ef�iciency. The main objective of this study is to analyse the Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and the impact on user Loyalty within the context of BTN Mobile, using a modi�ied set of e-Servqual indicators. 103 respondents were involved in this study and the results showed E-SQ have signi�icant impact to E-Satisfaction and Loyalty. Data analysis was performed using SEM-PLS. The limitations of this study are that the scope of the population is only in JABODETABEK, and the variables related to e-satisfaction are only emphasized from the perspective of user experience and interface while the research scope on e- satisfaction is very wide. This research �inds that Personal Needs, Site Organization, User-Friendliness and Ef�iciency have signi�icant impact to the e-satisfaction and customer loyalty. The �indings of this study show that in Internet banking, in addition to the technical and functional aspects of -SQ re�lects the importance of contribution to e-satisfaction and e-loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 395, "top": 360, "width": 74, "height": 188, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: E-Service Quality Loyalty Customer Satisfaction E-Satisfaction JEL: M31, G20, A10 Article History:", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 395, "top": 375, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received : 09-02-2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 395, "top": 390, "width": 81, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revised : 20-02-2024 Accepted : 26-02-2024 Published : 28-02-2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 127, "top": 694, "width": 397, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited & ShareAlike terms followed.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 104, "top": 173, "width": 386, "height": 64, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 157, "top": 269, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina¹, Leonnard Ong ²", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 291, "width": 276, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "¹²Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen IPMI, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, 12750", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 397, "top": 130, "width": 128, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 8 \| No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 86 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 216, "height": 445, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the rapidly advancing digital age, the banking industry has experienced a major transformation with the adoption of electronic services (e- services). Advances in technology and the growing popularity of online business changed the way customers interact with their �inancial activities in terms of the variety of services and how they are delivered to customers. This phenomenon has changed on how the companies planning and strategizing the business including in banking industry. One of the banking products related to internet and technology is mobile banking. Mobile banking is an online service through mobile phones with �inancial facilities that almost the same as of�line banking (Hutabarat, 2010). Technology has been rooted in everyday lives and mobile banking has made to retain customers and gives them the �lexibility in doing �inancial activity 24/7. To make the mobile banking useful to its customers, banks should make sure that customers are satis�ied with the service and this can be done by delivering the best electronic service in the internet banking. Most studies related to e-service quality has shown that e-SQ is correlated with e-satisfaction and loyalty (Chang et al., 2009). This phenomenon makes it important to have insight about how important to have a good service quality and how it is impactful on customer’s satisfaction and loyalty especially users of mobile banking.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 578, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 593, "width": 216, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The presence of the technology has brought revolutionary changes in the way how goods and services are traded, as well as the services and products in banking business. One of the �ields with the application of marketing system that is oriented towards technological development is in the banking sector. Banking sector is one of the elements that has the important role in terms of activities, mobilities and �lexibilities in the daily life. It helps people to simplify in the activities of managing their �inances (González, F, 2011). In the e-service quality, Parasuraman et al. (2002)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 98, "width": 217, "height": 670, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "introduced the SERVQUAL which are tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In the context of e-services, these indicators have been adapted to address digital- speci�ic aspects, including website design, ease of navigation, transaction security, and timely online assistance (Santos, 2003). E-S-QUAL, on the other hand, is a model that extends the SERVQUAL framework speci�ically to measure service quality in online or electronic service environments. It needed to be adapted to the digital context. Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Malhotra introduced the e-S-QUAL model to address these adaptations that consists of ef�iciency, ful�ilment, system availability, and privacy. Therefore, later on Herrington and Weaven (2009) found four indicators of e- SERVQUAL that is more suitable in internet service quality in the banking industry such as Site Organization, User-Friendliness, Ef�iciency and Personal Needs. Satisfaction in the electronic environment has become an interesting topic of analysis and being a key factor in competing with rivals and achieving success in the market (Andreson & Srinivasan, 2003; Cox & Dale, 2001; Zeglat et al., 2016). However, it is a dif�icult concept to de�ine, because of its numerous interactions with other variables. Nevertheless, it may be considered an effective attitude, in�luencing the user’s behaviour and assessment of the products/services, which in turn determines the user’s �idelity (Zhang & Dran, 2000). In the retail online environment, e- satisfaction derived from the previous buying Experience in e-commerce platform (Anderson and Srinivan, 2003). Customer satisfaction is also in�luenced by the quality of the User Interface of online seller’s website as it is provided in the physical evidence of the capabilities in providing and facilitate the usage of online services (Alam and Yasin, 2010). Loyalty itself has three categories which are behavioural loyalty, attitudinal loyalty and integrated loyalty (Oh, 1995). The behavioural loyalty examines the customer’s continuity from their past purchases", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 87 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 216, "height": 325, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "than measure the customer loyalty by their frequency of purchase, rate of purchase and the possibilities to purchase. The attitudinal loyalty refers more on the psychological involvement, favourable and sense of goodwill on the certain product or service that tends to lead into a positive Word of Mouth (WOM). Customer loyalty can be understood as a commitment to repurchasing a product and/or service that is preferred over time, despite marketing efforts and/or offers that appear in the market (Aldas- Manzano, Ruiz-Mafe, SanzBlas, & Lassala-Navarre, 2011). It can also be de�ined as the repeated purchase of a consistent product and/or service in the future (Lenka, Suar, & Mohapatra, 2009), which generates positive and detectable �inancial outcomes (Hazra & Srivastava, 2009). Therefore, in order to measure user loyalty, researcher will adopt re-patronize or re-buy intention through BTN Mobile and WOM as the dimensions of the user loyalty, along with the research from Chang (2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 443, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 458, "width": 216, "height": 310, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the review on e-SQ, e-Satisfaction and e-Loyalty in the internet banking environment indicated that these variables should be a determination in every banking business in a way of improving service quality and win the global competitiveness. This study uses the e-SQ dimension developed by Herrington and Weaven (2009) that is suitable for internet or mobile banking service quality which are Site Organization, User-Friendliness, Ef�iciency and Personal Needs with 30 items of indictor. For the e-customer satisfaction, researcher uses User Experience (Herrington & Weaven et al., 2009) and User Interface (Alfaridzi et al., 2023) as the assessment. Furthermore, for the loyalty involved Word of Mouth (V an Tonder et al., 2018) and Re-Purchase intention (H.H Chang et al., 2009) as the dimension to the study assessment. Primary data of the e-Service Quality, e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in this research were gathered purposively from 103 BTN Mobile users in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 98, "width": 217, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JABODETABEK area. This research utilizes PLS- SEM to analyse the high-order construct measurement. The relationship between high and lower-order components is regarded as a loading indicator that can later calculate the average variance extracted value and composite reliability. There were three hypotheses to be tested in this research, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 218, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1: E-Service Quality has signi�icant impact on E-Satisfaction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 248, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2: E-Service Quality has signi�icant impact to the user loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 278, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H3: E-Customer Satisfaction has a signi�icant impact to the User Loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 323, "width": 216, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The developed questionnaires were consisting of four indicators for personal needs, four indicators for site organization, four indicators for user- friendliness, three indicators for ef�iciency, four indicators of user experience, four indicators of user interface, three indicators of WOM and four indicators of re-purchase intention. All the indicators were measured by Likert scale from “1 = Strongly Disagree” to “5 = Strongly Agree”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 473, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research attempts to construct a theoretical research framework to better understanding whether e-service quality will impact on e- satisfaction and loyalty variables for the users of BTN Mobile Banking Application as seen in the Figure 1 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 578, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 593, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reliability was tested to measure the consistency of the indicators performance through Construct Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) tests. The result shown in table 1 indicated that all Construct Reliability value is exceeded 0.70 and the AVE value is exceeded 0.50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 698, "width": 216, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The evaluation of statistics indicates that all the data are valid and reliable as of the questions from the questionnaire are all feasible and can be used as the representative as the actual conditions. The measurement in descriptive analysis are mean,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 88 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 89 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 216, "height": 220, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness. The mean is de�ined as the average score value of the data while standard deviation shows variance or how spread the observed data are in the variable around the mean. Skewness itself is the degree of symmetry in the variable distribution. If the distribution of data for variable stretched toward right or left tail of the distribution, then the distribution is characterized as skewed. The threshold of skewness is -2 to 2 (Curran et al., 1996; West et al., 1995). Kurtosis is the degree peakiness/�latness in the variable distribution. It measured weather the distribution is too peak and has threshold for -7 ≤ kurtosis ≤ 7 (Curran et al., 1996; West et al., 1995)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 473, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the variables that are measured were E-Service Quality (ESQ) with the dimension", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 233, "width": 216, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of Personal Needs (PN), Site Organization (SO), User-Friendliness (UF) and Ef�iciency (EF). Another independent variable is E-Customer Satisfaction (ECS) with the dimension of User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) and also another variable which are Loyalty (EL) with the dimension of Word of Mouth (WOM and Re- Purchase Intention (RPI).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 368, "width": 216, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, all dimensions in the study were measured and shows that the result is still in the threshold range so it is considered as good. The kurtosis and skewness also show the result of peakiness in the range of its threshold so it is considered as good. Here is the table of the descriptive statistic test result from the PLS-SEM analysis as stated in the following.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 90 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 368, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the questionnaire, the average score of respondents choosing User Experience, User Interface, Word of Mouth and most of the dimensions in this study are resulting as “strongly agree” which means that all of these points are very important to increase service quality. In", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 368, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2, it can be seen that all indicators have quite good outer loading values (> 0.4). Likewise, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and average variance extracted (AVE) have good values. So, it can be stated that the model is worthy of being measured.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 91 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 533, "width": 216, "height": 160, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Validity test is used to determine the ability or the uniqueness of the indicators to measure the latent variables and reliability refers to how consistent the method to measure something. If the instrument is not valid and not reliable then the result cannot represent the actual condition and considered as invalid/unreliable. The result of the validity and reliability test will be explained in the following statement. The following process is to recreate the model using the construct score. The next is the new measurement model:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 713, "width": 216, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, two-tailed test were conducted employing a signi�icant level of 5% with the basic esteem of 1.96. the hypothesis testing result shows that:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 533, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1: E-Service Quality has signi�icant impact on E- Satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 563, "width": 216, "height": 205, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the hypothesis 1 (H1), P Value in this �inding is below 0.05 which has value of 0.000 and has T value is bigger than 1.96 which has the value of 50.358 which means that H1 is acceptable. This �inding interprets that the higher the e-service quality will give the signi�icant impact on the E- Satisfaction from the users. This �inding aligns with the research by Haq & Awan, (2020) and Raza et al., (2020) that the better the E-Service Quality is the greater it will impact on the customer satisfaction. In the internet banking service, this is also aligning with the study from Ghane et al., (2011) which state that service quality has signi�icant role with the internet banking user", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 92 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 216, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "satisfaction. Thus, it becomes evident that the quality of e-service in BTN Mobile can give a signi�icant impact on BTN customer satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 158, "width": 216, "height": 160, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Outer loadings represent the strength of the relationship between each indicator and its latent variable. In the table 4.11, the highest value of outer loading is lied on the User Interface. If we look deeper from the indicators from the table 4.10, it is shown that the highest value from the User Interface’s indicator is UI3 which stated that BTN Mobile Banking’s interface is easy to learn. This result can be a good point to maintain as the easiness of the UI can give signi�icant impact to the user’s preference.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 216, "height": 220, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "On the other hand, the lowest outer loading in this research is lied on the Personal Needs, although that the average score of respondents is still high, but it can be the consideration to develop. If we look closer from the construct �irst model in the Table 4.10, PN1 and PN2 is in the lowest ranking. Looking forward from the operationalization in the Table 3.1, PN1 is represent the safeness of the users when making transaction and PN2 is represent the user’s contentment of their personal need when using BTN Mobile Application. This can be a good consideration that safety and personalization in the BTN Mobile Banking can be a room for improvement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 578, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2: E-Service Quality have signi�icant impact to user loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 216, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the hypothesis 2, the P value is 0.000 which are below 0.5. The t-value is 2.071 which considered as accepted. This �inding shows that if the ESQ is high, it would signi�icantly impact on the user", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 98, "width": 216, "height": 100, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "loyalty. This �inding aligns with study from Amin (2016) and Ali Raza et al., (2020) stated that the higher the ESQ, the higher it would be also for the loyalty in the mobile. This can be considered as the evident that the quality of e-service in BTN Mobile can give a signi�icant impact on BTN user’s loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 218, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H3: E-Customer Satisfaction has a signi�icant impact on user loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 248, "width": 216, "height": 130, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the hypothesis 3, the P value is 0.000 which are below 0.5. The t-value is 5.257 which considered as accepted. This �inding also supported by the research from Zeithaml et al., Agyapong & Ghana, Leonnard (2019) and other previous researcher that customer satisfaction is impacted on the loyalty. This can be considered as the evident that the Customer Satisfaction in BTN Mobile can give a signi�icant impact on BTN user’s loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 398, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 413, "width": 216, "height": 220, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, we found that the mobile banking industry is shaped by a multi factors that can make customers or users engage with the mobile banking. Among this factors, e-service quality emerges as the signi�icant motor to demonstrating impact on in�luencing e- satisfaction and loyalty. This can be seen as the statistical result shown that the hypothesis 1 is acceptable. H2 and H3 also shown as the acceptable hypothesis because all of them give result below 0.05 for the P value and T value is bigger than 1.96. Based on the statistic result testing that have been carried in the previous chapter, several conclusions are obtained to answer the hypothesis as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 638, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Based on the demographic analysis, it is shown that 65% users taken from 103", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 93 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 98, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "respondents are male.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 216, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Based on the domicile, 58% users of BTN Mobile is coming from Jakarta, following with 13% users coming from Tangerang, 11% coming from Bekasi, 10% coming from Depok,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 173, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and 1% from South Tangerang.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Based on the statistical analysis, E-Service", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 98, "width": 198, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Quality has signi�icant impact on E- satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 128, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Based on the statistical analysis, E-Service Quality have signi�icant impact to user Loyalty.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 158, "width": 216, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Based on the statistical analysis, E-Customer Satisfaction has signi�icant impact on User Loyalty.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 367, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hutabarat, R. (2010). Mobile Banking Security Analysis Based WAP. Jurnal Ilmiah, 1 (2) Lastiansah, Pengertian User Interface (UI). PT Elex Media Komputindo, 2012", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 323, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hsin Hsin Chang, Yao-Hua Wang & Wen-Ying Yang (2009) The impact of eservice quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty on e-marketing: Moderating effect of perceived value, Total Quality Management, 20 :4, 423-443, DOI: 10.1080/14783360902781923", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 368, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Leonnard (2019) ‘Exploring the Relationship among E-service Quality, E-trust, E-satisfaction and Loyalty at Higher Education Institutions’, Journal on Ef�iciency and Responsibility in Education and Science, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 103-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/ eriesj.2019.120401", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ghane, S. O. H. 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80618194-892f-d814-e740-f8754ccf74b3	https://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/persona/article/download/9514/6563	[ { "left": 75, "top": 26, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 38, "width": 166, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v12i1.9514 Website: http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/persona", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 26, "width": 110, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023 Hal. 69-84", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 786, "width": 146, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 366, "top": 787, "width": 153, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 295, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 88, "width": 412, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 133, "width": 449, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support and job insecurity with change engagement in employees of State-Owned Enterprises: Testing the mediating role of self-efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 245, "top": 178, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 192, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair , Jl. Airlangga 4-6, Jawa Timur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 204, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fajrianthi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 218, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair, Jl. Airlangga 4-6, Jawa Timur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 231, "width": 37, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sami’an", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 245, "width": 370, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair, Jl. Airlangga 4-6, Jawa Timur E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 287, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 301, "width": 453, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This writing aims to find out whether there is a correlation between perceived supervisor support and job insecurity on change engagement and self-efficacy as a mediator variable for Indonesian BUMN employees. This research involved 351 employees of state-owned companies who were determined using accidental sampling techniques. The research instrument used four scales, namely the Change Engagement Scale, the short version of the Scale of Perceived Supervisor Support (SPSS), the short version of the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), and the Occupational Self Efficacy Short Version Scale. Data analysis in this writing uses path analysis using Jamovi. Based on the results of data analysis, there is a direct and indirect influence between perceived supervisor support on change engagement through self-efficacy, but there is no significant direct or indirect influence of job insecurity on change engagement through self-efficacy. The results of this research can be a reference for companies, especially BUMN regarding the importance of change engagement and other factors in intervening in organizations and employees.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 435, "width": 452, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: State-Owned Enterprises; Change Engagement; Job Insecurity; Perceived Supervisor Support; Self- Efficacy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 471, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 485, "width": 456, "height": 156, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat korelasi antara perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator karyawan BUMN Indonesia. Penelitian ini melibatkan 351 karyawan perusahaan BUMN yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling . Instrumen penelitian menggunakan empat skala yaitu skala Change Engagement Scale, Scale of Perceived Supervisor Support (SPSS) short version, Job Insecurity Scale (JIS) short version, dan Occupational Self Efficacy Short Version Scale. Analisis data pada penulisan ini menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis) dengan menggunakan Jamovi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung antara perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement melalui self-efficacy namun tidak terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung yang signifikan job insecurity terhadap change engagement melalui self-efficacy. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi rujukan bagi perusahaan, khususnya BUMN mengenai pentingnya change engagement dan faktor lainnya dalam melakukan intervensi pada organisasi dan karyawan. Kata kunci: Badan Usaha Milik Negara; Change Engagement; Job Insecurity; Perceived Supervisor Support; Self- Efficacy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 680, "width": 410, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024. Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an Received:2023-08-28 Revised:2024-03-08 Accepted:2024-03-15 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 145, "top": 725, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "License", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 70", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 98, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organisasi saat ini kebanyakan beroperasi untuk menghadapi segala bentuk perubahan dengan berbagai konteks yang berbeda. Albrecht dkk. (2021) mengemukakan saat ini industri maupun organisasi menghadapi new world of work, hal ini berkaitan dengan perubahan cara kerja yang didorong dari berbagai dampak dari adanya Covid-19, climate change, perubahan dalam pasar global, kompetisi global yang semakin ketat, serta kemajuan dan tuntutan dalam menguasai informasi teknologi, perubahan dari segi regulasi pemerintah hingga perubahan pada ekspektasi yang dimiliki karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 215, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penting untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat memengaruhi sikap positif karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan di organisasi (Straatmann dkk., 2016). Pada era new world of work salah satu aspek yang sangat penting yaitu berkaitan dengan employee engagement dan juga organizational related attitude to change. Albrecht dkk. (2021) mengemukakan bahwa employee engagement dan attitude to change ini selalu dikaji secara terpisah padahal kedua aspek ini merupakan aspek yang sangat kritis dalam memastikan perubahan dalam organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 333, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Albrecht (2021)kemudian mengembangkan penulisan terkait dengan integrasi antara employee engagement dan organizational related attitude to change yang disebut dengan change engagement. Change engagement merupakan salah satu konstruk yang menggambarkan mengenai positive attitude yang melibatkan adanya motivasi dan intensi yang dimiliki individu ketika menghadapi perubahan di lingkup pekerjaan. Selain adanya dorongan individu juga siap secara aktif dan positif untuk terlibat dalam perubahan di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 454, "height": 265, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Change engagement juga menjadi salah satu konstruk yang relatif baru dan memiliki potensi berbeda dengan penulisan sebelumnya seperti yang mengkaji mengenai attitude karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan seperti acceptance of change Iverson (1996), openness to change Wanberg dan Banas (2000) readiness for change Holt dkk., (2007), dan affective commitment to change Herscovitch dan Meyer (2002). Perbedaan tersebut terdiri atas (a) change engagement lebih dipandang sebagai positive attitudes yang mampu mendorong motivasi yang dipercaya lebih besar dampaknya bagi individu dan bersifat lebih aktif, (b) change engagement lebih dari sekedar attitude atau psychological reaction terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi namun juga terdapat unsur motivasi intrinsik (dari dalam diri individu) yang mampu menggerakkan individu untuk terlibat lebih aktif pada perubahan, (c) change engagement dianggap lebih agentic atau lebih mampu mendorong hal yang baru dan bersifat proaktif dalam menghadapi perubahan serta keterlibatan individu dalam perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi dibandingkan konstruk sebelumnya , (d) change engagement dianggap lebih melibatkan high-arousal atau memiliki intensitas yang lebih besar dalam rangka melakukan sesuatu atau kegiatan yang bersifat kompleks pada perubahan organisasi (Albrecht, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 721, "width": 454, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebuah lembaga survei PWC (2022) mengumpulkan data bahwa sebanyak 71% pekerja di Kawasan Asia Pasifik termasuk di Indonesia memiliki niat untuk pindah pekerjaan dengan alasan hendak mencari pengalaman baru, tidak merasa puas dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 71", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pekerjaan saat ini dimana indikasi ini menunjukkan angka engagement pada pekerjaan maupun perubahan di organisasi semakin menurut. Survei ini juga didukung dari data Gallup (2022) bahwa Indonesia memiliki keterikatan/ engagement pada pekerjaan sebesar 24% dan nilai tersebut masih lebih rendah dari tiga negara lainnya di Asia Tenggara seperti Filipina, Thailand, dan Kamboja. Keterikatan atau engagement pada perubahan organisasi mendorong beberapa hal yang penting seperti melibatkan karyawan dalam proses pembuatan keputusan, memahami career path atau jalur karir, meningkatkan adanya kepuasan personal dalam bekerja dan membantu organisasi dalam mencapai tujuan, dan tentu mencapai produktivitas dan kinerja terbaik pada organisasi (Blomqvist, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 454, "height": 181, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek kedua yaitu berkaitan dengan change psychological safety berkaitan dengan perasaan yang dimiliki seseorang ketika mereka merasa dapat menjadi diri mereka sendiri tanpa memiliki kekhawatiran atau ketakutan atas konsekuensi negatif mengenai image, status, dan kariernya (Kahn, 1990). Dijelaskan dari penulisan Albrecht dkk. (2020)bahwa ketika seseorang memiliki rasa aman terhadap dirinya akan memengaruhi dorongan yang dimiliki untuk secara aktif berpartisipasi dalam perubahan di organisasi. Terakhir yang juga merupakan salah satu variabel dalam penulisan ini yaitu terkait self-efficacy bahwa menurut personal resources termasuk di dalamnya adalah self-efficacy merupakan salah satu konstruk yang menjelaskan ketika seseorang memiliki kepercayaan diri akan berpengaruh terhadap perilakunya untuk menghadapi berbagai situasi perubahan dalam lingkungannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 412, "width": 454, "height": 349, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Subjek dari penulisan ini dilakukan pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dan para karyawan anak perusahaan BUMN. Alasan pemilihan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Media Internal Kementerian BUMN (2021) ditemukan bahwa dalam masa pandemi dan pasca pandemi transformasi yang dihadapi oleh BUMN berada dalam situasi yang penuh tantangan. Terdapat beberapa perubahan secara makro seperti adanya penyatuan Bank Syariah milik BUMN menjadi Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), holdingisasi BUMN Ultra Mikro, Pembentukan Holding pariwisata dan pendukung, merger BUMN Pelindo, dll. Tantangan dalam melawan pandemi Covid-19 dan beranjaknya ke masa pasca-pandemi juga menjadi suatu tantangan yang dihadapi. Beberapa di BUMN Indonesia tentunya ada yang berada pada kondisi yang tidak sehat. Sehingga dari hal tersebut beberapa BUMN melakukan restrukturisasi dilansir dari Irawati (2024) seperti PT Amarta Karya (Persero), PT Barata Indonesia (Persero), PT Boma Bisma Indra (Persero), PT Djakarta Llyod (Persero), dan PT Dok dan Perkapalan Kodja Bahari (Persero), PT Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya (Persero), PT Industri Kapal Indonesia (Persero), PT Indah Karya (Persero), PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero), PT Semen Kupang (Persero), PT Pengusahaan Daerah Industri Pulau Batam (Persero), Perum Percetakan Negara Republik Indonesia (PNRI), PT Primissima (Persero), dan PT Varuna Tirta Prakasya (Persero). Dilakukan restrukturisasi pada perusahaan-perusahaan tersebut guna merumuskan strategi penyelesaian terbaik terhadap masing-masing persoalan yang dihadapi guna meningkatkan signifikansi perusahaan, keunggulan kompetitif, memperbaiki persepsi pasar, serta meningkatkan kinerja keuangan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 72", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 214, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemilihan subjek penelitian yaitu karyawan BUMN dan anak perusahaan BUMN didasarkan pada rancangan Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN) dimana menurut informasi terbaru dari CNN Indonesia (2023)terbaru daftar PSN yang disahkan oleh Presiden RI Joko Widodo. Pada perubahan yang terjadi di perusahaan BUMN ini tentu mendorong perusahaan BUMN untuk dapat mencapai perubahan secara aktif. Change engagement ini dibentuk dari beberapa faktor sesuai dengan Change Engagement Model (CEM) yaitu adanya change related job resources, change related job demand, change related personal resources dengan change engagement sebagai output. Change related job resources ini dipastikan dapat membentuk change engagement karena dalam prosesnya terdapat sumber daya berupa informasi terkait dengan perubahan, otonomi atau kebebasan individu dalam pengambilan keputusan, dukungan dari atasan, dan juga kesempatan dalam mengembangkan diri dan karir. Salah satu konstruk yang dapat menjelaskan bentuk dari change related job resources yaitu perceived supervisor support (PSS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eisenberger, dkk. (1986) menjelaskan bahwa PSS merupakan sejauh mana supervisor atau atasan dapat menghargai dan menilai setiap kontribusi karyawan serta adanya kepedulian terhadap kesejahteraan dari karyawannya. Change related job resources ini dapat memengaruhi attitude dan motivasi karyawan pada level pekerjaannya. Hal ini dapat diperoleh dari dukungan psikologis, fisik, teknologi, informasi, finansial, dan social support termasuk di dalamnya adalah supervisor support.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 395, "width": 454, "height": 180, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada CEM juga menjelaskan mengenai change related job demand merupakan aspek intelektual, fisik, psikologis, hingga respon secara sosial yang dialami dan dibutuhkan karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan dan hal tersebut dapat mengurasi energi dari individu. Salah satu bentuk change related job demand yang dijelaskan oleh yaitu job insecurity. Greenhalgh dan Rosenblatt (1984)mengemukakan bahwa job insecurity merupakan bentuk ketidakberdayaan individu untuk mempertahankan kelanjutan pekerjaan karena adanya ancaman berupa perubahan di suatu pekerjaan. Penulisan dilakukan oleh Rafferty dkk. (2013)menemukan bahwa job insecurity dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap employee attitude to change, ketika individu menghadapi situasi insecure atau ketidakberdayaan mereka akan cenderung merespon secara negatif dan cenderung disengaged dengan perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada CEM change related job resources dan change related job demands pada dasarnya dapat memengaruhi change engagement dengan direct effect maupun indirect effect (Albrecht dkk. 2020) . Hal ini karena dipengaruhi oleh konstruk change related specific personal resources terlebih dahulu. Change related job resources ini berkaitan dengan aspek psikologis yang bertahan lama atau dikategorikan sebagai mindset, psychological state yang mampu memengaruhi kemampuan individu dalam menghadapi dan beradaptasi pada perubahan di tempat kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 698, "width": 454, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu change related personal resources yang dijelaskan oleh CEM yaitu psychological capital, dimana psychological capital terdiri atas beberapa aspek yaitu hope, optimism, resilience, dan self-efficacy. Penulisan sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Hicks dan Knies (2015) yang mencoba untuk menentukan keterkaitan atau pengaruh psychological", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 73", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "capital terhadap attitude dan reaction dari karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan. Diperoleh hasil penulisan yaitu change-related self-efficacy memiliki keterkaitan langsung terhadap attitude to change dari karyawan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 454, "height": 130, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Self-efficacy menurut Stajkovic dan Luthans (1998) merupakan belief, aspek motivational yang dimiliki oleh individu mengenai kemampuan untuk dapat memobilisasi motivasi yang dimiliki, sumber daya kognitif, dan tindakan yang diperlukan agar dapat mencapai keberhasilan dalam melaksanakan tugas yang diberikan. Self-efficacy menjadi salah satu aspek yang dapat memengaruhi change engagement karena sumber daya yang dimiliki berupa pengelolaan motivasi, kemampuan kognitif yang memadai dapat mendorong inisiatif dan keterlibatan individu untuk menghadapi perubahan dengan lebih aktif, positif, dan efektif (Albrecht, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penulisan lainnya yang mengaitkan self-efficacy sebagai mediator dari job insecurity terhadap engagement karyawan dilakukan oleh Etehadi dan Karatepe (2019) job insecurity ini memengaruhi self-efficacy individu disebabkan karena adanya kekhawatiran yang dimiliki oleh individu mengenai kemampuannya. Ketika individu merasa tidak aman terkait dengan pekerjaannya akan menyebabkan adanya emotional exhaustion atau kelelahan secara emosional hingga mengalami stres.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 361, "width": 454, "height": 164, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guarnaccia, dkk. (2018) juga pada penulisannya menjelaskan bahwa occupational self-efficacy dapat memediasi pengaruh job insecurity dan engagement dari karyawan, kesehatan karyawan hingga kepuasan kerja dari karyawan. Bandura dan Wessels (1994) menjelaskan bahwa self-efficacy ini didefinisikan sebagai keyakinan individu terkait dengan kemampuan mereka menghasilkan kinerja terbaik dan merupakan salah satu personal resources yang efektif. Beberapa penulisan juga telah menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy ini berperan sebagai buffer/ penghalang dalam hubungan stressor-strain atau dengan kata lain ketika individu memiliki job insecurity yang tinggi, setidaknya self-efficacy mampu menegosiasi tingkat insecurity itu untuk dapat mempertahankan engagement yang stabil pada karyawan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 530, "width": 454, "height": 180, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis akhirnya berangkat dari teori CEM tersebut untuk mencari faktor apa saja yang dapat membentuk change engagement. Oleh karena itu aspek seperti adanya perceived supervisor support sebagai change related job resources yang dapat memengaruhi persepsi karyawan terkait dukungan dari atasan dalam menghadapi perubahan (Albrecht dkk, 2020). Adanya job insecurity yang berkaitan dengan change related job demands berkaitan dengan tuntutan yang dihadapi karyawan khususnya dalam konteks perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi. Serta adanya self-efficacy sebagai change related personal resources yang berkaitan dengan keyakinan internal individu dalam menghadapi segala bentuk tantangan dalam hal ini tantangan dalam menghadapi perubahan sebagai mediator dari change related job resources dan job demands terhadap change engagement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 447, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, dampak dari adanya perceived supervisor support, adanya job insecurity dan self-efficacy sebagai mediator dapat memengaruhi change engagement dari karyawan. Change engagement ini tidak hanya diperlukan untuk organisasi, namun juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 446, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dibutuhkan oleh sumber daya manusia yang ada di dalamnya karena dapat memengaruhi output dari perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi serta berdampak pada kinerja individu di sebuah perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 449, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan penelitian ini yaitu terdiri dari 4 pertanyaan penelitian yaitu terdapat pengaruh langsung dan positif perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement, kedua yaitu terdapat pengaruh langsung dan negatif job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Ketiga yaitu terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung dan positif perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Terakhir yaitu terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung dan negatif job insecurity terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 36, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian in menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Khusus pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deduktif yang bertujuan untuk menguji hipotesis khususnya dalam kontes pengaruh dari perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Responden yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1) Karyawan aktif 2) Bekerja sebagai karyawan dalam perusahaan BUMN atau anak perusahaan BUMN di Indonesia 3) Terlibat dalam proses perubahan yang terjadi di perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 45, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 445, "width": 454, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data dalam penulisan ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Kuesioner disebarkan secara online sejak tanggal 4 Maret 2023 – 25 Maret 2023. Adapun data yang dikumpulkan yaitu sebanyak 351 subjek. Seluruh variabel dalam penulisan ini diukur dengan skala yang telah diuji secara valid. Pada variabel change engagement dilakukan uji validitas isi terlebih dahulu untuk memastikan skala valid digunakan pada populasi di Indonesia. Seluruh skala telah diuji coba terlebih dahulu pada 40 karyawan dengan karakteristik yang serupa. Seluruh skala menggunakan skala Likert dengan rentang skor 1 – 5 (Sangat Tidak Sesuai) hingga (Sangat Sesuai). Penelitian ini juga tetap mengedepankan adanya informed consent untuk memastikan bahwa seluruh subjek yang mengisi form penelitian telah consented atau bersedia untuk dijadikan subjek penelitian serta informasi yang diperoleh penulis seutuhnya digunakan untuk keperluan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 454, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala change engagement menggunakan skala yang telah diadopsi dari skala Albrecht, dkk. (2021) yang terdiri atas dua dimensi yaitu energy dan active involvement skala ini memiliki skor standardized loading factor sebesar 0,80 dengan uji reliabilitas memperoleh skor Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,86. Skala untuk perceived supervisor support menggunakan skala miliki Eisenberger, dkk. (2002) yang telah dimodifikasi pada subjek di Indonesia. Terdapat tiga dimensi yaitu kepedulian terhadap tujuan karyawan, kepedulian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap kesejahteraan karyawan, dan perhatian terhadap karyawan. Skala ini memiliki skor standardized loading factor sebesar 0,80 dengan uji reliabilitas memperoleh skor Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,86.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala job insecurity ini menggunakan Job Insecurity Scale (JIS) yang telah dimodifikasi oleh De Witter, dkk. (2014) yang terdiri atas tiga dimensi yaitu threat of losing job, importance of job, dan powerlessness to maintain job. Skala ini memiliki nilai standardized loading factor sebesar 0,68 dan Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,78. Skala dari self- efficacy ini menggunakan skala Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Rigotti, dkk. (2008) dan terdiri atas tiga dimensi yaitu tingkat kesulitan tugas ( level ), tingkat kekuatan ( strength ), dan situasi dan bidang tugas ( generality ) yang dikembangkan oleh Bandura (1997). Skala ini memiliki standardized loading factor sebesar 0,80 dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,90.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 454, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat beberapa penulisan sebelumnya yang menjelaskan adanya pengaruh dari variabel karakteristik individu dalam change engagement. Maka dari itu penulis melakukan uji analisis pada variabel kontrol dan ditemukan adanya pengaruh dari jenis kelamin dan status kerja sebagai variabel kontrol dalam penulisan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 361, "width": 69, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data penelitian ini didapatkan dari survei online dan selanjutnya diolah menggunakan analisis regresi dengan menggunakan Jamovi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 30, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 443, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti tersaji pada Tabel 1, pada variabel change engagement memiliki 6 total aitem dengan skor tertinggi yaitu skor 30, skor tertendah sebesar 4. Nilai mean yang diperoleh sebesar 4,24 dengan nilai standar deviasi (SD) sebesar 0,62. Pada variabel perceived supervisor support jumlah aitem yaitu sebanyakan 20. Mean dari skor yaitu sebesar 4,24 dan SD sebesar 0,62.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 527, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 542, "width": 413, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Deskriptif Variabel Mean SD Change Engagement 4,24 0,62 Perceived Supervisor Support 3,88 0,90 Job Insecurity 2,60 0,75 Self-Efficacy 4,29 0,57 Usia 32,0 8,48 Masa Kerja 7,56 6,98", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 673, "width": 454, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada variabel job insecurity jumlah aitem dan juga nilai terendah yaitu sebesar 4 dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 20. Sedangkan skor mean dari variabel job insecurity sebesar 2,60 dengan SD sebesar 0,75. Terakhir yaitu variabel self-efficacy dengan jumlah aitem 6 dan nilai terendah yaitu 6 sedangkan nilai tertinggi yaitu 30. Mean yang diperoleh sebesar 4,29 dan SD sebesar 0,57. Variabel demografi dalam penulisan ini yaitu mean dari usia yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32 dengan SD 8,48 sedangkan untuk masa kerja dengan mean yaitu 7,56 dan SD sebesar 6,98.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mean, standar deviasi dan koefisien korelasi pada penulisan ini dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah. Diperoleh adanya korelasi yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin dan juga status kerja di mana diperoleh nilai korelasi pada jenis kelamin laki-laki dan status kerja karyawan tetap yaitu ( r = 0,045 < 0,05). Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai korelasi yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin dan juga status kerja sehingga perlu dilakukan uji analisis pada kedua variabel kovariat tersebut untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap variabel change engagement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 454, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uji analisis regresi ( path analysis ) dengan menggunakan Jamovi untuk menguji efek mediasi dari self-efficacy dari variabel perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity. Hasil ini menunjukkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 171, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Pengaruh Langsung X terhadap Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 552, "width": 454, "height": 150, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian di atas menunjukkan bahwa koefisien beta (  ) antara pengujian pengaruh secara langsung ke pengaruh tidak langsung perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement naik dari 0,39 menjadi 0,53 maka dapat dipastikan terjadi pengaruh mediasi. Adapun nilai R 2 pada uji pengaruh langsung perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement yaitu sebesar 0,96 atau besaran jumlah pengaruh X terhadap change engagement sebesar 96% secara langsung. Bentuk mediasi dapat diketahui dengan melihat tingkat signifikansi atau nilai p pengaruh perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement, nilai p yaitu sebesar 0,00 yang berarti terdapat pengaruh mediasi parsial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 51, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 274, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Langsung dan Tidak Langsung X terhadap Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 316, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement memiliki nilai p signifikan 0,00 (0,00 < 0,05) sehingga hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy memediasi sebagian ( partial mediation ) pengaruh perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement. Kemudian untuk job insecurity terhadap change engagement memiliki nilai p (0,42>0,05) sehingga hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy tidak memediasi pengaruh job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang menyatakan self-efficacy memediasi pengaruh perceived supervisor support diterima atau H3 didukung oleh data namun self-efficacy tidak memediasi pengaruh job insecurity terhadap change engagement atau dengan kata lain H4 tidak didukung oleh data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 454, "height": 62, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini dilakukan guna mengetahui dampak mediasi self-efficacy pada perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, maka hasil pengujian tersebut dapat diringkas sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 552, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Hasil Pengujian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 564, "width": 442, "height": 163, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Koefisien Beta (  ) P-values PSS → CE 0,39 0,00 JI → CE 0,01 0,42 SE → CE PSS → SE → CE JI → SE → CE 0,52 0,53 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,71 Jenis Kelamin (1) → CE 0,64 0,00 Status Kerja Kerja (1) → CE 0,56 0,00 Keterangan: PSS ( perceived supervisor support ), JI ( job insecurity ), SE ( self-efficacy ), CE ( change engagement ), Jenis Kelamin 1: Laki-laki, 2: Perempuan, Status Kerja 1: Karyawan Tetap, 2: Karyawan Non-Tetap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 73, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 98, "width": 454, "height": 214, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan change engagement model yang dijelaskan oleh Albrecht, dkk. (2020) bahwa change related personal resources memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap change engagement dan diperoleh hasil yang signifikan bahwa perceived supervisor support memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung dengan mediasi self- efficacy yaitu signifikan. Hal ini sejalan dengan change engagement model (CEM) yang dikemukakan oleh Albrecht (2021) bahwa perceived supervisor support sebagai change related job resources mampu memberikan pengaruh langsung terhadap change engagement karena dengan adanya personal resources, individu akan berupaya untuk dapat memperluas pemikiran dan tindakan yang dimiliki untuk menghasilkan penerimaan terhadap perubahan dengan cara yang lebih aktif dan efektif. Termasuk di dalamnya yaitu pengaruh perceived supervisor support. Ketika individu merasa bahwa pemimpinnya mampu memberikan dukungan secara optimal di berbagai aspek akan memengaruhi partisipasi dan antusias individu dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 317, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini juga dijelaskan dari penelitian Elias dan Mittal (2011) menjelaskan mengenai peran dari supervisor support dalam konteks perubahan dapat meningkatkan inisiatif dari karyawan untuk dapat engage dalam perubahan. Dikemukakan ketika individu memiliki persepsi yang positif terkait dengan dukungan organisasi dan dukungan atasannya karyawan akan memiliki respon dan attitude yang positif terhadap organisasinya termasuk di dalamnya yaitu engagement dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjelasan di atas disebabkan karena persepsi positif ini dibangun karena karyawan merasakan bahwa pemimpin di organisasi peduli terhadap karyawan serta menghargai usaha yang dikeluarkan oleh karyawan. Selain meningkatkan adanya engagement dalam perubahan juga mendorong adanya affective attachment terhadap pekerjaannya. Hal tersebut juga didukung oleh penulisan yang dilakukan oleh Beer (2021) bahwa ketika karyawan memiliki persepsi positif terhadap dukungan dari atasannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan adanya organizational direction yang jelas di awal. Tujuan perubahan yang dapat diinformasikan kepada karyawan. Dukungan tersebut secara konsisten akan memengaruhi kepercayaan dan persepsi positif karyawan untuk dapat terlibat dalam mendukung strategi dari organisasi, memotivasi karyawan hingga memastikan agar seluruh stakeholders dalam organisasi tidak terhambat dalam menjalankan perubahan serta memastikan seluruhnya mencapai kesuksesan. Hasil penelitian ini juga didukung oleh penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Schneider, dkk. (2017) bahwa adanya dukungan dari atasan kepada karyawan secara signifikan memengaruhi keterlibatan individu daripada pengaruh dari karakteristik pekerjaan itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 447, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dikatakan bahwa karyawan BUMN yang memiliki interaksi dengan positif serta memperoleh dukungan yang optimal dari atasannya dapat memengaruhi change engagement karyawan secara signifikan. Hal ini juga didukung dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan Albrecht, dkk. (2018) bahwa ketika karyawan dapat memperoleh kesempatan untuk berpartisipasi dalam menjalankan dan mengeksekusi perubahan dalam organisasi, kesempatan untuk belajar dan juga mengembangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 445, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kemampuan karyawan ini juga berpengaruh secara positif terhadap change engagement dari karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun peran mediasi dari self-efficacy Hal ini dijelaskan oleh Albrecht (2021)bahwa dukungan dari atasan bagi karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan tentunya mendorong motivasi dari karyawan. Salah satu motivasi intrinsik yang memengaruhi engagement karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan yaitu psychological capital. Jimmieson, dkk. (2004)menjelaskan dalam penulisannya bahwa psychological capital yang terdiri atas self- efficacy, optimism, hope, dan resilience memiliki pengaruh terhadap reaksi dan penerimaan karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penulisan ini sejalan dengan change engagement model (CEM) yang dijelaskan oleh Albrecht, dkk. (2020)bahwa self-efficacy sebagai change related personal resources ini berkaitan dengan sumber daya yang bertahan lama serta mampu memediasi pengaruh dari perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement. Hal ini disebabkan karena self-efficacy merupakan salah satu konstruk motivasi yang dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan dari individu untuk dapat terlibat secara aktif dalam perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 344, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada studi longitudinal yang dilakukan Jimmieson, dkk. (2004) menghasilkan sebuah penelitian bahwa self-efficacy ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap attitude karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan. Hal ini juga dijelaskan oleh Day dan Allen (2004) bahwa dukungan dari atasan akan menumbuhkan adanya self-efficacy dari karyawan. Ketika atasan mampu mendorong adanya self-efficacy hal tersebut kemudian berdampak pada kemampuan serta keterlibatan individu dalam menghadapi perubahan di organisasi (Armenakis, dkk., 1993).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ibrahim, dkk. (2019) dalam penelitiannya mengungkapkan bahwa self-efficacy berperan sebagai aspek motivasional yang kritis, namun hal tersebut juga sangat dipengaruhi ketika karyawan memiliki dukungan dari atasan. Dukungan dari atasan ini kemudian dapat membangun aspek motivasi dan efikasi individu. Ketika individu memiliki keyakinan atas kemampuan dirinya hal ini akan memengaruhi engagement dari karyawan dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam lingkungan kerjanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 563, "width": 454, "height": 198, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penulisan menemukan hasil yang berbeda dengan hipotesis bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung secara signifikan dari job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Berbeda dengan penulisan yang dikemukakan oleh Albrecht, dkk. (2020) bahwa change related job demand dapat memberikan pengaruh langsung terhadap change engagement. Namun penulisan ini berbeda dengan asumsi yang dijelaskan oleh Ashford, dkk. (1989) menjelaskan bahwa pengalaman tersebut justru bukan sebagai bentuk pengaruh terhadap dorongan individu untuk dapat engage terhadap perubahan. Namun job insecurity merupakan sebuah respon negatif yang terjadi ketika individu disengaged terhadap pekerjaannya akibat dari perubahan yang terjadi di tempat kerja. Dhensa-Kahlon, dkk. (2015) juga dalam penulisannya mengemukakan bahwa untuk mencapai powerful engagement process dibutuhkan adanya positive emotional experience di tempat kerja yang diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan engagement in change. Straatmann", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dkk. (2016) juga mengemukakan bahwa semakin banyak positive emotional experience yang dilalui individu maka akan semakin mudah untuk mencapai keberhasilan dalam perubahan. Dari Straatmann, dkk. (2016)serta Mathews dan Linski (2016) juga mengungkapkan bahwa positive change-related attitudes lebih berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keberhasilan dalam perubahan di organisasi dibandingkan change related job demands/negative attitudes to change . Hal ini dikarenakan negative attitude kontraproduktif dengan tujuan akhir dalam mengatasi perubahan secara efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 193, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada hasil penulisan ini juga menunjukkan adanya pengaruh namun tidak signifikan dari variabel job insecurity terhadap self-efficacy. Hal ini dijelaskan dalam penulisan Jimmieson, dkk. (2004) bahwa change related personal resources dalam hal ini self-efficacy memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap employee attitude to change dan self-efficacy lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh positive attitude dan positive emotional to change dibandingkan change related job demands seperti job insecurity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 454, "height": 163, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbeda dengan hasil penulisan ini bahwa job insecurity tidak memengaruhi self- efficacy secara signifikan. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik karyawan BUMN yang tidak menghadapi situasi kecemasan dan kekhawatiran yang berdampak pada self- efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Perbedaan hasil ini juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yang membuat individu tidak memiliki job insecurity yang tinggi seperti yang diteliti oleh Ashford, dkk. (1989)seperti kondisi lingkungan dan organisasi yang mendukung dalam proses perubahan organisasi, karakteristik individu dan jabatan pekerja meliputi aspek budaya, status sosial ekonomi, serta pengalaman kerja. Selain itu karakteristik personal kerja seperti locus of control individu, self-esteem, dan perasaan optimis dari karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 454, "height": 130, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil lain dari penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel demografi yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel self-efficacy dan change engagement yaitu jenis kelamin dan status kerja. Ditemukan dari hasil penulisan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki berkontribusi lebih besar terhadap change engagement dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Albrecht (2021) dalam penulisannya mengungkapkan bahwa salah satu keterbatasan dalam penulisannya yaitu tidak melibatkan adanya variabel demografi seperti jenis kelamin dan status kerja padahal varibel ini demografi memiliki peranan penting untuk menentukan seberapa besar keterlibatan individu dalam perubahan organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 454, "height": 130, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini menemukan bahwa laki-laki lebih berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap change engagement. Penulisan sebelumnya dilakukan oleh Banihani, dkk. (2013) Bakker, dkk. (2011) menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki secara konstruk lebih mudah untuk melibatkan diri pada perubahan khususnya pada individu yang telah berkeluarga. Hal ini dikarenakan perempuan menghadapi tantangan yang lebih besar untuk melalui hambatan di organisasi seperti struktur, hierarki, budaya, dan ideologi yang dibangun dalam sebuah organisasi menempatkan laki-laki berada dalam posisi yang lebih strategis dan disediakan lebih banyak alternatif dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 732, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banihani, dkk. (2013)juga mengemukakan bahwa laki-laki juga memiliki kontribusi yang lebih signifikan karena dipengaruhi oleh psychological meaningfullness yang berbeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 163, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan perempuan. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebanyakan organisasi yang menempatkan karakteristik laki-laki lebih di atas perempuan. Sehingga membuat perempuan merasa kurang bernilai dan kurang berharga di tempat kerja. Hal ini juga didukung oleh Albrecht (2021)bahwa psychological meaningfulness, safety, dan availability merupakan change related personal resources yang dapat memengaruhi change engagement individu. Apabila individu memperoleh change related personal resources yang berbeda tentu akan memengaruhi change engagement individu tersebut. Pada penulisan ini juga menunjukkan hasil lain berupa status kerja dimana karyawan tetap lebih berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap change engagement dibandingkan karyawan non- tetap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 456, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal in juga dijelaskan oleh Robbins dan Judge (2017) bahwa faktor yang juga memengaruhi engagement pada karyawan yaitu derajat kepercayaan karyawan bahwa keterlibatannya dalam pekerjaan bermakna. Faktor ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh job characteristics dan akses kepada sumber daya yang memadai untuk bekerja secara efektif. Adapun bentuk dari job characteristics yaitu status kerja, kecocokan antara value karyawan dan value perusahaan serta faktor leadership atau dukungan pimpinan terhadap karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 65, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 373, "width": 456, "height": 282, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi ini menguji pengaruh dari perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement melalui self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Ditemukan hasil penulisan yaitu perceived supervisor support memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung melalui self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator secara signifikan sedangkan berbeda dengan hipotesis dari penulisan bahwa job insecurity memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung melalui self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator namun tidak signifikan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu memberikan informasi khususnya pada sektor perusahaan bahwa dukungan dari atasan berupa adanya apresiasi, reward (penghargaan), dukungan secara moral maupun materi mampu mendorong adanya otonomi, kemampuan yang efektif dalam membuat keputusan, hingga efektivitas dalam implementasi pada perubahan. Perusahaan perlu mendorong adanya dukungan yang optimal karena hal tersebut secara signifikan dapat memengaruhi keterlibatan individu dalam berpartisipasi pada perubahan yang terjadi. Hal ini sekaligus mendorong adanya produktivitas dari setiap karyawan yang mampu menghasilkan competitive advantage pada perusahaan. Selain itu, penting untuk memastikan individu memiliki dorongan dari dalam dirinya, keyakinan atas kemampuan dirinya dan hal tersebut dapat memediasi peran dari dukungan atasan terhadap karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 660, "width": 456, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini melibatkan populasi yang luas dan melibatkan latar belakang perusahaan yang berbeda-beda membuat penulisan ini mengabaikan beberapa faktor yang dapat memengaruhi change engagement seperti distal factors. Distal factors merupakan skala makro dan sistem lingkungan kerja yang berbeda-beda di setiap perusahaan tentu dapat memengaruhi change engagement karyawan dengan cara yang berbeda. Selain itu penulisan ini belum sepenuhnya melibatkan seluruh aspek pada change engagement model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page \| 82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 456, "height": 62, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(CEM) dimana penulisan ini hanya meneliti pada aspek change related job resources, change related job demands, dan change related personal resources namun belum melibatkan aspek change related organizational resources yang juga dapat memberikan gambaran secara komprehensif pada CEM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 49, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 183, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Albrecht, S., Breidahl, E., & Marty, A. 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Assessing employees’ reactions to organizational change: An integrative framework of change-specific and psychological factors. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science , 52 (3), 265 – 295.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wanberg, C. R., & Banas, J. T. (2000). Predictors and outcomes of openness to changes in a reorganizing workplace. Journal of Applied Psychology , 85 (1), 132.", "type": "List item" } ]
11593315-934a-2469-4a5e-97986702a505	https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/download/4827/2669	[ { "left": 120, "top": 39, "width": 260, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal Vol 5(2) 2024 : 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 788, "width": 419, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 THE AUTHOR(S). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sales Strategy Product Quality, Price, Location and Service Quality on Purchasing Decisions Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Penjualan Kualitas Produk, Harga, Lokasi Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Astuti 1* , Siti Lamah Nasution 2 , Budi Febriani 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 368, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Labuhanbatu 1,2,3 [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding Author", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 45, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 428, "height": 146, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence product quality, price, location and service quality have on purchasing decisions for Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu). This study uses a quantitative approach method and the data analysis method used by researchers is the linear regression analysis method. The subject of this research is Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara consumers totaling 60 people. The results of this study indicate that variable X has a significant effect on variable Y partially and simultaneously. The R-square value of the research determination coefficient is 0.926%, which means that the purchase decision (Y) can be explained by the variables of product quality (X1), price (X2), location (X3) and service quality (X4) by 92.60%, and the remaining 7.4% can be explained by other variables not considered in this study. Statistical test calculation results with sig. 0.000. The Fcount value of 172.963 is greater than 2.39 and sig. 0.000 <0.005 indicates that product quality (X1), price (X2), location (X3) and service quality (X4) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 411, "width": 345, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Product Quality, Price, Location, Service Quality and Purchasing Decisions", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 436, "width": 41, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 428, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode analisis data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode analisis regresi linier. Subjek penelitian ini adalah konsumen Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara yang berjumlah 60 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel X berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel Y secara parsial dan simultan. Nilai R-square koefisien determinasi penelitian sebesar 0,926% yang berarti keputusan pembelian (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) sebesar 92,60%, dan sisanya sebesar 7,4% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil perhitungan uji statistik dengan sig. 0.000. Nilai F hitung sebesar 172,963 lebih besar dari 2,39 dan sig. 0.000 < 0,005 menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 363, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Kualitas Produk, Harga, Lokasi, Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Keputusan Pembelian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bisnis kuliner merupakan salah satu bisnis yang menjanjikan. Peluang bisnis kuliner yang cukup besar terlihat dari tingginya tingkat konsumsi masyarakat, mengingat kebutuhan akan pangan merupakan kebutuhan yang akan selalu dicari oleh setiap individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu usaha kuliner yang saat ini sedang populer dikalangan warga Labuhanbatu adalah dimsum. Dimsum merupakan menu sarapan khas tionghoa yang biasanya disajikan dengan secangkir teh. Dimsum adalah makanan ringan yang biasanya terbuat dari ayam dan udang dan disajikan dengan cara dikukus Nurbayan dan Juliansyah, 2018 dalam (Putri, 2022) Semakin banyaknya perusahaan kuliner yang didirikan menyebabkan persaingan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4839", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cukup ketat. Pesatnya perkembangan bisnis makanan yang mendorong para wirausahawan untuk mencari keunikan yang dimilikinya, sehingga dapat menarik hati konsumen, sehingga menuntut para wirausahawan untuk menjadi pesaing yang lebih kompetitif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen adalah kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan. Kualitas pelayanan merupakan suatu bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk memuaskan kebutuhan konsumen sedemikian rupa sehingga membuat konsumen merasa puas. Selain perlunya kualitas pelayanan yang baik pada setiap perusahaan, perusahaan harus mampu memperoleh keuntungan yang diinginkan melalui keputusan pembelian konsumen. Perusahaan harus dapat menghasilkan produk atau jasa dengan harga yang bersaing di pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu langkah strategis yang penting untuk diperhatikan adalah strategi penetapanharga yang bertujuan untuk menghitung harga jual yang tepat sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan pemasaran yaitu menghasilkan jasa yang ditawarkan dalam arti dapat diterima oleh konsumen harga tersebut dan perusahaan mendapat keuntungan paling besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi pemasaran merupakan serangkaian proses yang dilakukan suatu perusahaan dalam kegiatan usahanya untuk mencapai tujuannya. Tujuan perusahaan secara keseluruhan adalah memperoleh keuntungan sebesar-besarnya melalui strategi pemasaran yang mengembangkan kegiatan usahanya (Suarditini et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedai dimsum rayyan dirintis sejak tahun 2019, pemilik usaha dimsum rayyan mulai merintis usahanya dengan cara berjualan online lewat aplikasi facebook dan whatsapp. Beliau berkeliling daerah demi mengantarkan pesanan yang di pesan lewat online . Semakin hari semakin banyak peminat dimsum homemade yang dibuatnya maka dibuatlah stand supaya konsumen bisa membeli dimsum rayyan dengan jarak yang lebih dekat dan kapanpun yang diinginkan serta tidak harus menunggu pemilik dimsum rayyan membuka open order secara online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka dilakukannya penelitian dalam judul “STRATEGI PENJUALAN KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA, LOKASI DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DIMSUM RAYYAN AEK NABARA (LABUHANBATU)”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi penjualan kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian dimsum rayyan aek nabara (Labuhanbatu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 96, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka Kualitas Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas produk adalah kualitas yang mencakup upaya untuk memenuhi harapan dan tingkat kualitas fisik yang sesuai dengan kepuasan pelanggan menurut Tjiptono (2012) dalam (Nanda & Talumantak, 2023) serta daya tahan dan keandalan yang dibutuhkan oleh kebutuhan pelanggannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut The American Society for Quality dalam (S. L. Nasution et al., 2020) kualitas produk adalah atribut suatu produk yang bergantung pada kemampuannya dalam memuaskan kebutuhan pelanggan yang dinyatakan atau diasumsikan. Kualitas produk adalah pernyataan tentang kemampuan dari suatu merek atau produk tertentu dalam menjalankan fungsi yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kotler dan Armstrong, (2012) dalam (Juniarti et al., 2022) menyatakan bahwa kualitas produk adalah segala sesuatu yang ditawarkan ke pasar untuk mendapatkan perhatian, kegunaan dan konsumen yang dapat memuaskan keinginan dan kebutuhan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 744, "width": 392, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Orville, Larreche dan Boyd (2005: 422) dalam (S. L. Nasution et al., 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4840", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "enam indikator kualitas produk yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 429, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bentuk ( estetika ), berkaitan dengan penampilan produk yang dapat dilihat pada penampakan, rasa, bau, dan bentuk produk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 429, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Fitur ( features ), adalah karakteristik produk yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan fungsional produk atau meningkatkan minat konsumen terhadap produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kinerja ( performance ), mengacu pada karakteristik kinerja dasar produk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kualitas ( quality ), hasil dari penggunaan ukuran tidak langsung, karena ada kemungkinan konsumen tidak memahami atau kurang informasi mengenai produk yang bersangkutan. Dengan demikian, persepsi konsumen terhadap produk didasarkan padaharga, merek, iklan, reputasi dan negara asal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Ketahanan ( durability ), berapa lama atau umur produk yang bersangkutan bertahan sebelum produk tersebut harus diganti. Semakin sering konsumen menggunakan produk tersebut, maka semakin besar pula keawetan produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Keandalan ( reliabilitas ), kemungkinan suatu produk akan atau tidak akan berkinerja memuaskan selama jangka waktu tertentu. Semakin rendah kemungkinan kerusakan,semakin dapat diandalkan produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 29, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga adalah sejumlah uang yang dibayarkan untuk suatu jasa atau nilai yang ditukarkan konsumen untuk kepentingan memiliki atau menggunakan barang atau jasa tersebut. Harga merupakan faktor penting dalam sudut pandang penjualan karena menurut Kotler dan Armstrong (2018:3) harga produk mempengaruhi persepsi konsumen terhadap produk (Safira et al., 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 394, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Dharmmesta, dan Handoko dalam (Suharlina, 2023) harga adalah sejumlah uang yang ditukarkan konsumen untuk menggunakan atau mengonsumsi produk atau jasa tertentu yang memberikan manfaat yang dibutuhkan atau diinginkan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Ghanimata dan Kanali (2015) dalam (Yusra & Nanda, 2020) menyatakan bahwa harga mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian. Fluktuasi harga konsumen dapat meningkatkan keputusan pembelian konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kotler dan Armstrong pada tahun 2016 dalam (Hasibuan et al., 2023) mengemukakan empat metrik yang menggambarkan harga, yaitu 1. Keterjangkauan harga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 346, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen dapat mencapai harga yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kesesuaian harga dengan kualitas produk", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga sering kali digunakan sebagai indikator kualitas bagi konsumen,karena masyarakat memilih harga yang lebih tinggi antara dua produk karena melihat perbedaan kualitas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 173, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kesesuaian harga dengan manfaat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen memutuskan untuk membeli suatu produk apabila manfaat yang diterimanya lebih besar atau sama dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk membeli produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 609, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Harga sesuai dengan kemampuan atau daya saing harga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 429, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen seringkali membandingkan harga suatu produk dengan produk lainnya. Dalam hal ini ketika membeli suatu produk, konsumen benar-benar mempertimbangkan apakah produk tersebut mahal atau murah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 31, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi merupakan keputusan suatu perusahaan untuk mendirikan suatu tempat usaha, menjalankan kegiatan usaha dan menyalurkan barang atau jasa kepada konsumen sebagai bagian dari usahanya. Pentingnya lokasi atau wirausaha sangat mempengaruhi keputusan pasar sasaran dalam menentukan pembelian (Alwi & Mulyono, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 744, "width": 392, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Lupiyoadi, 2006 dalam (Hafidzi et al., 2022) lokasi adalah keputusan suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4841", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 347, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perusahaan mengenai di mana lokasi operasional dan karyawannya berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Swasta (2016:54) dalam (Al-Ajizah et al., 2022) menyatakan bahwa tempat adalah tempat yang digunakan untuk berusaha atau penataan bentuk-bentuk usaha yang bersifat lebih permanen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Peter j. dan jerry c (2000) dalam (Siahaan et al., 2023) menjelaskan tentang indikator lokasi ada lima yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Akses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Misalnya saja akses ke tempat-tempat yang sering anda kunjungi atau yang mudah dijangkau dengan transfortasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Visibilitas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu tempat yang dapat dilihat dengan jelas dari jarak pandang normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tempat Parkir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tempat parkir yang luas, nyaman dan aman baik untuk kendaraan roda dua maupun roda empat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 71, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Lingkungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingkungan yaitu sekitaran yang mendukung produk/jasa yang ditawarkan, contohnya pesaing yang berdekatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 133, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Kompetisi (lokasi pesaing)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai contohnya yaitu dalam menentukan lokasi yang perlu dipertimbangkan apakah dijalan atau daerah yang sama terdapat pesaing lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 367, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas Pelayanan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan mengacu pada jumlah layanan yang memerlukan interaksi langsung antara pelanggan dan pengusaha. Perbedaan pelayanan dalam metode pelayanan seringkali tercermin pada sikap dan keterampilan karyawan Lovelock dan Wirtz (2011) dalam (Candra et al., 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Tjiptono (Rachman, 2017) dalam (Mukti & Aprianti, 2021) Kualitas pelayanan merupakan suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan seberapa baik tingkat pelayanan yang diberikan memenuhi harapan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Supranto (2006) dalam (Imelda Gultom & Alexander Samosir, 2021) kualitas pelayanan merupakan sebuah kata yang bagi penyedia layanan merupakan sesuatu yang harus dilakukan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Tjiptono dan Chandra (2007) dalam (Malonda & Stephen, 2020) menyatakan bahwa kualitas pelayanan memiliki lima indikator yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Keandalan ( reliability )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 556, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan untuk memberikan rasa sesuai dengan yang dijanjikan, terpercaya dan akurat serta konsisten.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 156, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Daya Tanggap ( responsiveness )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keinginan dari karyawan atau pengusaha untuk membantu konsumen dan memberikan pelayanan secara cepat serta mendengarkan dan menyelesaikan keluhan konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Jaminan ( assurance )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan karyawan dalam menanamkan kepercayaan dan keyakinan terhadap janji yang diberikan kepada konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 663, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Empati ( empathy )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesediaan karyawan dan pengusaha untuk lebih peduli terhadap perhatian secara pribadi kepada pengunjung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Bukti Fisik ( tangibles )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 369, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berupa penampilan fisik, perangkat dan berbagai materi komunikasi yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4842", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keputusan pembelian adalah keputusan pembeli mengenai merek mana yang akan dibeli, keputusan adalah tahapan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pembeli dimana konsumen benar-benar membeli menurut Kotler dan Armstrong, 2017 dalam (Naliyah Syahfitri & Kusnanto, 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Tjiptono (2018) dalam (M. F. Nasution & Febriani, 2023) keputusan pembelian adalah proses mengidentifikasi masalah, mencarian informasi tentang produk dan merek kemudian mengevaluasi berbagai pilihan yang dapat memecahkan masalah konsumen sebagai alat pengambilan keputusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Schiffman (2005:57) dalam (Laksana, 2021) menyatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian merupakan keputusan manusia dimana ia memilih salah satu dari beberapa pilihan yang tersedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Philip Kotler (2007:101) dalam (Laksana, 2021)ada lima indikator keputusan pembelian yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pembelian ulang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen membentuk preferensi antar merek dalam serangkaian pilihan. Konsumen juga dapat mengembangkan niat untuk membeli merek yang paling populer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Frekuensi pembelian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 346, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen membeli produk berdasarkan informasi internal dan eksternal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pencarian informasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber informasi utama yang membagi konsumen menjadi empat kelompok yaitu, personal, komersial, publik dan eksperimental.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Sesuai kebutuhan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 394, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen berusaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Mempunyai manfaat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen mencari dan menerima manfaat tertentu dari produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerangka Konseptual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan deskripsi tinjauan pustaka tentang kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian, maka dapat dibangun bagan kerangka konseptual penelitian sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 529, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 509, "width": 136, "height": 222, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2 H3 H4 KUALITAS PRODUK (X 1 ) HARGA (X 2 ) KUALITAS PELAYANAN (X 4 )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 374, "top": 576, "width": 140, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 438, "top": 601, "width": 18, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Y)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 158, "top": 620, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LOKASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 646, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(X 3 )", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4843", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 280, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Konsep Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis merupakan suatu dugaan sementara atau asumsi yang akan diuji kebenarannya melalui fakta berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian. Asumsi tersebut dinyatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H1 = Variabel kualitas produk (X 1 ) berpengaruh secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H2 = Variabel harga (X 2 ) berpengaruh secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H3 = Variabel lokasi (X 3 ) berpengaruh secara parsialdan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H4 = Variabel kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) berpengaruh secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 276, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H5 = Variabel kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 330, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Menurut Cresweel, 2010 dalam (Riana et al., 2023) menyatakan bahwa pendekatan kuantitatif adalah pengukuran data kuantitatif dan statistik objektif melalui perhitungan ilmiah yang berasal dari sampel orang atau populasi yang di survei . Beberapa pertanyaan atau pernyataan survei untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan persentase responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian Penelitian ini dilakukan di stand Dimsum Rayyan yang terletak di Jalan Aek Nabara, Kecamatan Bilah Hulu, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Periode penyebaran koesioner penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November tahun 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Populasi dan Sampel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 464, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari konsumen yang membeli dan mengkonsumsi Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara yang belum diketahui jumlah pastinya. Menurut Sugiyono (2013:80) dalam (Eka et al., 2022) menyatakan bahwa populasi adalah daerah generalisasi yang terjalin awal objek/subjek yang memiliki mutu dan sifat terbatas yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari dan akan ditarik kesimpulannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 429, "height": 120, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini Teknik pengambilan sampelnya adalah teknik non probability sampling , salah satu jenisnya adalah purposive sampling . Nonprobability sampling merupakan teknik pengambilan sampel dimana seluruh populasi tidak dijadikan sampel (Thoifah, 2015:29) dan dilakukan purposive sampling sehingga subjek dipilih tidak berdasarkan random, stratifikasi dan lain-lain, melainkan berdasarkan kriteria tertentu yang telah diperhitungkan peneliti (Arikunto, 2010:183) dalam (Sinta Yuliana & Ali Maskur, 2022). Peneliti memilih teknik purposive sampling untuk pengambilan sampel dan sampel diambil dari populasi tertentu yaitu, 60 responden yang terdiri dari 23(38,3%) berjeniskelamin laki-laki dan 37(61,7%) berjenis kelamin perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Jenis dan Sumber Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan variabel penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian berdasarkan data primer yang diperoleh dari survei respon responden. Menurut Sekaran,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 100, "top": 706, "width": 414, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2017 dalam (Firli Musfar et al., 2023) Data primer adalah data berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh peneliti tentang variabel penelitian, sumber informasinya diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner online melalui Google Form ke konsumen Dimsum Rayyan Aek", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 83, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4844", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 85, "width": 38, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 134, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data yang peneliti gunakan adalah dengan cara menyebarkan kuisioner melalui internet, yaitu formulir pernyataan yang dicantumkan di antara alternatif jawaban. Dalam hal ini responden hanya memilih salah satu jawaban (Maharani, 2020).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan metode survei dengan model pertanyaan atau pernyataan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan format skala likert dari 1-5 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 275, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pilihan Jawaban Skor Sangat Setuju 5 Setuju 4 Netral 3 Tidak Setuju 2 Sangat Tidak Setuju 1 E. Teknik Analisis Data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti akan menggunakan metode analisis data diantaranya analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Statistic 25 for windows karena penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif (Dewa et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 122, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Hasil Dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada hasil survei yang telah disebarkan melalui website googleform sebanyak 60 responden yang terdiri dari 23(38,3%) orang laki-laki dan 37(61,7%) orang perempuan. Keseluruhan 60 koesioner yang disebarkan di internet memenuhi persyaratan untuk pengolahan data statistic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah ada pengaruh kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara. Pengambilan data penelitian ini difokuskan kepada konsumen Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara, kemudian teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Uji Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 479, "width": 314, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Correlations KUALITAS_ PRODUK HARGA LOKASI KUALITAS_ PELAYANAN KUALITAS_ PEMBELIAN KUALITAS_ PRODUK Pearson Correlation 1 .674 .754 .753 .831 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60 60 HARGA Pearson Correlation .674 1 .822 .713 .849 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60 60 LOKASI Pearson Correlation .754 .822 1 .775 .924 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 578, "width": 297, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 KUALITAS_ PELAYANA N Pearson Correlation .753 .713 .775 1 .850 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 605, "width": 288, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 KUALITAS_ PEMBELIA N Pearson Correlation .831 .849 .924 .850 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60 60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 663, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikasi uji validitas dapat dikatakan valid jika nilai signifikannya < 0,05. Dengan demikian,hasil yang diperoleh dari variabel X dan variabel Y dinyatakan valid karena nilai signifikasinya 0,000 atau lebih kecil dari 0,05 dengan sampel 60 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4845", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 287, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Uji Reliabilitas Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .947 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 141, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 429, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji reliabilitas mengukur tingkat konsistensi suatu instrumen penelitian. Menurut Sugiono (2017:130) karya (Mochtar et al., 2022), reliabilitas adalah ukuran sejauh mana pengukuran dengan menggunakan item yang sama menghasilkan data yang sama. Menurut Priyatno, 2013:30 dalam (Yulia, 2022) suatu variabel dikatakan reliabel apabila mempunyai Cronbach’s alpha >0,60 dan sebaliknya ketika nilai Cronbach’s alpha < 0,60 maka tidak reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 235, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari tabel di atas terlihat bahwa Cronbach’ alpha realiabel dengan nilai 0,947> 0,60. Data uji validitas dan reliabilitas di atas menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) berpengaruh secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara, berkorelasi secara signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 302, "width": 143, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Uji Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 316, "width": 130, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 327, "width": 345, "height": 110, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standardize d Coefficients t Sig. Collinearity Statistics B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) -.688 .721 -.955 .344 KUALITAS_ PRODUK .201 .060 .204 3.345 .001 .359 2.789 HARGA .153 .052 .193 2.926 .005 .309 3.235 LOKASI .451 .077 .446 5.838 .000 .229 4.365 KUALITAS_ PELAYANAN .202 .061 .213 3.313 .002 .324 3.083", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 207, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN Sumber : Hasil pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji regresi linier berganda digunakan bila terdapat minimal 2 variabel bebas.Analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk mengukur pengaruh suatu variabel bebas yang biasa disebut X terhadap variabel terikat yang biasa disebut dengan Y(Ismiatun et al., 2022). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan pengaruh data adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 528, "width": 317, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y =0,688+ 0,201X 1 + 0,153X 2 + 0,451X 3 + 0,202X 4 Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 555, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Koefisien kualitas produk menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,201. Artinya setiap peningkatan kualitas produk sebesar 0,201maka akan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,201.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 595, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Koefisien harga menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,153. Artinya setiap kenaikan harga sebesar 0,153maka keputusan pembelian akan meningkat sebesar 0,153.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Koefisien lokasi menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,451. Artinya setiap peningkatan lokasi sebesar 0,451maka akan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,451.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Koefisien kualitas pelayanan menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,202. Artinya setiap peningkatan kualitas pelayanan sebesar 0,202 akan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sebesar -0,202.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 716, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Nilai konstanta sebesar 0,688 menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,688dipengaruhidari kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4846", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Uji T (Parsial)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 100, "width": 385, "height": 111, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Collinearity Statistics B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) -.688 .721 -.955 .344 KUALITAS_ PRODUK .201 .060 .204 3.345 .001 .359 2.789 HARGA .153 .052 .193 2.926 .005 .309 3.235 LOKASI .451 .077 .446 5.838 .000 .229 4.365 KUALITAS_ PELAYANAN .202 .061 .213 3.313 .002 .324 3.083", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 429, "height": 104, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023 Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara t tabel dengan t hitung untuk mengetahui apakah variabel X dan Y mempunyai pengaruh secara parsial. Uji T dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai T hitung setiap variabel independen dengan T tabel dengan menggunakan margin of error yang ditentukan sebesar 5% atau 0,05. Jadi, jika T hitung > T tabel berarti variabel independenmempunyai pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen(Nari, 2021).Titik persentase distribusi t yang diperoleh dari 100 responden, dirumuskan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Df(n-k) (jumlah sampel-variabel independent) 60-5 =55, Sehingga t tabel muncul pada kolom 0,05 pada baris ke 55 sehingga t tabel pada distribusi 0,05 adalah 1,673. Berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 355, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Variabel kualitas produk (X 1 ), nilai t hitung sebesar3,345 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,01. Dihitung dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 3,345> t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,01< 0,05 yang berarti variabel X 1 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H1 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 409, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Variabel harga (X 2 ), nilai t hitung sebesar 2,926 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,005. Dihitung dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 2,926> t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,005< 0,05 yang berarti variabel X 2 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H2 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Variabel lokasi (X 3 ), nilai t hitung sebesar 5,838 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000. Dihitung dengan nilai t hitung sebesar5,838> t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti variabel X 3 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H3 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Variabel kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ), nilai t hitung sebesar 3,313 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,002. Dihitung dengan ini t hitung sebesar 3,313<t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,002 yang berarti variabel X 4 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H4 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 88, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Uji F (Simultan)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 597, "width": 371, "height": 97, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1630.559 4 407.640 172.963 .000 b Residual 129.624 55 2.357 Total 1760.183 59 a. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 695, "width": 389, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), KUALITAS_PELAYANAN, HARGA, KUALITAS_PRODUK, LOKASI Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji F digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independen berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap variabel dependen. Menurut Ana 2019 dalam (Marpaung et al., 2021) , uji F", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4847", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "disebut juga uji koefisien regresi secara simultan atau bersama-sama, yakni untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel bebas secara simultan atau bersama-sama terhadap pengaruh suatu variabel terikat.Titik persentase distribusi (F tabel) pada 60 responden adalah: Df = n-1-k (60-1- 5)= 54 sehingga 5% atau 0,05 adalah2,39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai F hitung sebesar 172,963< 2,39 dan sig. 0,000 < 0,05 yang menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ), dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Uji Koefisien Determinan (R2)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 118, "top": 220, "width": 362, "height": 82, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin- Watson 1 .962 a .926 .921 1.53519 1.762 a. Predictors: (Constant), KUALITAS_PELAYANAN, HARGA, KUALITAS_PRODUK, LOKASI", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 428, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023 Dari hasil diatas terlihat nilai R-square (R 2 ) sebesar 0,926. Artinya peranan kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) terhadap pengambilan keputusan pembelian (Y) adalah 92,6% dan sisanya sebesar 7,4% merupakan faktor lain diluar variabel yang diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 56, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Penutup Kesimpulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 424, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, peneliti dapat mengambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Rangkuman model SPSS menghasilkan R square sebesar 0,926. Artinya92,60% variabel independen yaitu, kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan,mempengaruhi variabel dependent (terikat) yaitu, keputusan pembelian, dan sisanya sebesar 7,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang belum diteliti dan mungkin mempengaruhi variabel keputusan pembelian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 518, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Diketahui Df 2 =n-1-k (60-1-5) = 54 sebesar 2,39 sehingga diketahui nilai uji F pada tabel diatas sebesar 172, 963> 2,39 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara serempak variabel independen berpengaruh secara posistif dan signifikan terhadap variabel dependen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 28, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan untuk melakukan lebih banyak penelitian dengan menggunakan variabel yang berbeda dari yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini sehingga dapat memperoleh hasil yang lebih beragam yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Peneliti selanjutnya agar lebih selektif dan berhati-hati dalam memilih responden untuk penelitian dan menyebarkan kuesioner yang lebih baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-Ajizah, Y., Pristiyono, & Siregar, N. A. (2022). Pengaruh Desain Interior, Kelengkapan Menu, Harga Dan Lokasi Bisnis Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Pada Warkop Kno 88. Prosiding Seminar NASIONAL Feb Unikal , 1037–1050.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alwi, A. F., & Mulyono, J. (2023). Pengaruh Harga , Lokasi , Kualitas Pelayanan , Fasilitas , Dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4848", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan “ Menantea Café ” Teluk Jambe Karawang . 8 (1), 227–243. Candra, F., Ellitan, L., & Rosita, Y. (2023). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Niat Beli Kembali Melalui Kepuasan Pelanggan Wizzmie di Surabaya . 3 (1),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 139, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "218–237.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewa, J. A., W.j, O. I., & D, P. I. (2023). Pengaruh Digital Marketing, Kualitas Produk dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di Etsuko Kitchen Manado. EMBA , 11 (4), 1425–1434. Eka, P. H., Mariah, & Shandra, B. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, dan Lokasi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Bakso Granat Malang Indah . 3 (2022), 39–51.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Firli Musfar, T., Fandy Sitepu, R., & Wildah, W. (2023). Bisnis Kualitas Produk Terhadap Umkm Coffe. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal , 4 (5), 6157–6173. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hafidzi, M. K., Rizqi, F., & Jumani, A. (2022). Literature Review Pengaruh Harga, Kualitas Produk Dan Lokasi Terhadap Pengambilan Keputusan Pembelian. Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin , 1 (1),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 274, "width": 199, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "203–214. https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v1i1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasibuan, K. A., Lam, S., & Halim, A. (2023). Decisions at Ayos Coffe Rantauprapat Café Pengaruh Harga , Word of Mouth dan Servicescape Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen pada Café Ayos Coffe Rantauprapat . 4 (3), 2979–2989.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imelda Gultom, & Alexander Samosir. (2021). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayananterhadap Loyalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 341, "width": 399, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelanggan Dengan Kepuasan Pelanggan Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Evony Coffee Shop Siantar. Manajemen : Jurnal Ekonomi , 3 (1), 56–62. https://doi.org/10.36985/manajemen.v3i1.92", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ismiatun, D., Budiatmo, A., & Prihatini, A. E. (2022). Pengaruh Harga, Promosi, dan Kualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 394, "width": 399, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Produk terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Studi pada Konsumen Hangiri Banyumanik Semarang). Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi Bisnis , 11 (4), 764–773.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 421, "width": 191, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.14710/jiab.2022.36112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 428, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Juniarti, S., Zuraida, L., & Wikaningtyas, S. U. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, Lokasi, Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Loyalitas Konsumen Melalui Kepuasan Konsumen Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Pada Bento Kopi). Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Dan Bisnis Indonesia , 2 (2), 366–381. https://doi.org/10.32477/jrabi.v2i2.472 Laksana, D. R. (2021). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Promosi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Dimsum Pada CV. Royal Insan Mandiri di Medan. Skripsi , 1–79.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maharani, S. (2020). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Kualitas Pelayanan, Persepsi Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pizza Hut. IQTISHADequity Jurnal MANAJEMEN , 2 (1), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.51804/iej.v2i1.548", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 556, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Malonda, A. D., & Stephen, S. E. (2020). Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen D ’ Stupid Baker Spazio Graha Family Surabaya. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB) , 6 (2), 395– 409.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marpaung, F. K., Arnold, M. W., Sofira, A., & Aloyna, S. (2021). Pengaruh Harga, Promosi, Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Indomie Pada Pt. Alamjaya Wirasentosa Kabanjahe. Jurnal Manajemen, LMII Medan , 7 (1), 49–64. http://ejournal.lmiimedan.net", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 649, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mochtar, M. M. I., Mandey, S. L., & Pondaag, J. J. (2022). Pengaruh Media Sosial, Metode Pembayaran, Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Minat Beli Makanan Dan Minuman Di Cinema Xxi Manado Town Square the Effects of Social Media, Payment Method, and Product Quality on Buying Interest of Food and Beverages in Cinema Xxi Manado Town Square. Jurnal EMBA , 10 (4), 1807–1818.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mukti, A., & Aprianti, K. (2021). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Kedai Kirani Coffee. Jurnal Bina Manajemen , 10 (1), 229–245. https://doi.org/10.52859/jbm.v10i1.163", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4849", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naliyah Syahfitri, M., & Kusnanto, D. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Loyal: Studi Kasus Indihome di Kabupaten Karawang pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ekonomi, Keuangan & Bisnis Syariah , 4 (1), 216–237. https://doi.org/10.47467/alkharaj.v4i2.567", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nanda, D., & Talumantak, R. (2023). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk , Lokasi , Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Savio Coffee and Eatery . 1 (3). Nari, N. (2021). Pengaruh Inovasi Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian. Jurnal Al- Iqtishad , 17 (2), 176. https://doi.org/10.24014/jiq.v17i2.10602", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nasution, M. F., & Febriani, B. (2023). Pengaruh Harga, Kualitas Barang Dan Brand Image terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Di Toko Andre Sabungan. Jurnal Manajemen Akuntansi (JUMSI) , 3 (1), 422–435.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 428, "height": 121, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nasution, S. L., Limbong, C. H., & Ramadhan, D. A. (2020). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Citra Merek, Kepercayaan, Kemudahan, dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada E- COMMERCE SHOPEE (Survei pada Mahasiswa S1 Fakultas Ekonomi Jurusan Manajemen Universitas Labuhan Batu). Ecobisma (Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis Dan Manajemen) , 7 (1), 43– 53. https://doi.org/10.36987/ecobi.v7i1.1528 Putri, A. N. (2022). Strategi Pemasaran Usaha Dimsum. Skripsi , 8.5.2017 , 2003–2005. Riana, Z., Tannady, H., Diawati, P., Bambang, & Suhardi, D. (2023). Analysis Of The Influence Of Product Differentiation, Service Quality And Price On Interest In Buying Processed Chicken-Based Food Products. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal , 4 (1),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 428, "height": 80, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "547–554. http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej Safira, N. D., Sutikno, B., & Akramiah, N. (2023). Pengaruh Harga, Kualitas Produk, dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pada Mie Gacoan Kota Pasuruan . 1 (10), 1–14. Siahaan, S., Nasution, S. L., & Pitriyani. (2023). Traders In The Morning (At Gelugur Market Rantauprapat) Pengaruh Persaingan Harga , Tempat Dan Produk Terhadap Penjualan Pedagang Sayur Di Pagi Hari (Di Pasar Gelugur Rantauprapa ) . 4 (5), 6183–6192.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sinta Yuliana, & Ali Maskur. (2022). 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bb56a469-0f41-fae6-b805-03b39a1fd0b1

https://journals.unisba.ac.id/index.php/JRMK/article/download/3836/2075

[ { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 218, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding Author : Email : [email protected] Indexed : Garuda, Crossref, Google Scholar DOI : https://doi.org/10.29313/jrmk.v4i1.3836", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 516, "top": 799, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 129, "width": 297, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram @Urban1063fm dalam Membangun Brand Image", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 196, "top": 174, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi, Wiki Angga Wiksana*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 196, "width": 291, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Komunikasi, Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Islam Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 227, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 246, "width": 75, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history : Received : 9/5/2024 Revised : 26/6/2024 Published : 28/7/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 323, "width": 106, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume : 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 375, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. : 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 384, "width": 61, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman : 55-60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 394, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terbitan : Juli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 416, "width": 99, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi Sinta Peringkat 4 berdasarkan Ristekdikti No. 72/E/KPT/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 222, "width": 84, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A K", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 243, "width": 293, "height": 197, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi dan informasi telah menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat yang tak terelakkan. Salah satu dampaknya adalah media sosial yang kini menjadi faktor kunci dalam strategi pemasaran dan pengembangan merek, bahkan bagi stasiun radio seperti Radio Urban 106,3 FM yang berpengaruh. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi hubungan antara aktivitas di platform Instagram dengan pembentukan brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM. Metode analisis korelasional digunakan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif, dan populasi penelitian adalah pengikut Radio Urban 106,3 FM di Instagram. Sebanyak 100 responden dipilih menggunakan metode Simple Random Sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan teknik deskriptif dan inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara context, communication, collaboration, dan connection di Instagram dengan pembentukan brand image. Implikasi penelitian ini adalah pentingnya kehadiran aktif stasiun radio di media sosial untuk mempertahankan dan menarik pendengar di era digital yang kompetitif. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemahaman lebih lanjut tentang peran media sosial dalam strategi pemasaran stasiun radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 448, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Media Sosial; Citra Merek; Radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 480, "width": 95, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 501, "width": 293, "height": 175, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The rapid development of technology and information has become an inevitable necessity for society. One of its impacts is social media, which has become a key factor in marketing strategies and brand development, even for influential radio stations like Radio Urban 106.3 FM. This study explores the relationship between activities on the Instagram platform and the formation of Radio Urban 106.3 FM's brand image. A correlational analysis method was used with a quantitative approach, and the research population consisted of followers of Radio Urban 106.3 FM on Instagram. A total of 100 respondents were selected using Simple Random Sampling method. Data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques. The results of the study indicate a significant relationship between activities in context, communication, collaboration, and connection on Instagram with the formation of the brand image. The implication of this research underscores the importance of active presence of radio stations on social media to retain and attract listeners in a competitive digital era. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of social media in radio station marketing strategies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 682, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Social Media; Brand Image; Radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 417, "top": 706, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© 2024 The Author(s).", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 272, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi et al. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram… , .", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 430, "top": 793, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, No. 1, Juli 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 96, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 92, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini, perkembangan teknologi semakin pesat seiring dengan berjalannya waktu yang memasuki era digital. Perubahan ini memberikan dampak signifikan pada berbagai aspek kehidupan manusia. Salah satu bukti nyata dari kemajuan teknologi adalah adanya internet. Internet telah memungkinkan individu untuk menjelajahi dunia secara luas tanpa adanya batasan geografis, serta mengakses beragam informasi dengan cepat dan mudah. Keberadaan internet telah membantu memudahkan akses masyarakat terhadap informasi, berita, hiburan, dan bahkan membantu dalam menyelesaikan tugas-tugas sehari-hari. Fenomena perkembangan internet ini tidak hanya terjadi di Indonesia, melainkan juga merata di seluruh penjuru dunia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 188, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi ini memberikan manfaat yang signifikan bagi masyarakat dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Namun, tentunya juga memunculkan berbagai tantangan dan perubahan dalam pola pikir serta perilaku sosial. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi individu untuk mampu mengelola dan memanfaatkan teknologi dengan bijaksana agar dapat memberikan dampak positif bagi kehidupan mereka. Seiring dengan terus berjalannya waktu, diharapkan perkembangan teknologi dapat terus memberikan inovasi yang bermanfaat bagi kemajuan masyarakat secara keseluruhan.Menurut data yang diperoleh dari We Are Social disebutkan bahwa Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan pengguna internet yang semakin berkembang. Dengan jumlah populasi penduduknya yang besar tentunya kebutuhan masyarakat akan internet pun semakin tinggi. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa antusias masyarakat pada perkembangan teknologi terutama internet semakin besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 311, "width": 485, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya fenomena tersebut menunjukan bahwa sekarang ini internet sudah menjadi kebutuhan yang primer bagi masyarakat. Internet selain digunakan sebagai penyebaran informasi, juga banyak dipergunakan oleh masyarakat dalam mengakses media sosial. Media sosial memungkinkan individu bisa saling berkomunikasi dan mencari informasi tanpa batasan ruang dan waktu. Terdapat beragam informasi yang bisa diakses dari media sosial hal ini tentunya akan memberikan dampak yang berbeda pada masing-masing individu (Laksono dan Yulianti, 2023). Instagram merupakan salah satu media sosial yang saat ini sangat populer di masyarakat. Platform ini digunakan untuk berbagi kreativitas dalam bentuk video dan gambar. Di Indonesia, jumlah pengguna Instagram cukup signifikan, menunjukkan bahwa media sosial ini sangat membantu masyarakat dalam menjalankan aktivitas sehari-hari. Selain sebagai sarana berbagi informasi, Instagram juga menjadi tempat promosi dan pengenalan produk atau jasa bisnis kepada masyarakat. Hal ini tidak terkecuali pada bidang penyiaran, seperti Radio, yang juga memanfaatkan Instagram sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan kehadiran dan memperkenalkan program-programnya kepada pendengar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 474, "width": 485, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian, Instagram tidak hanya berperan sebagai media sosial untuk interaksi sosial, tetapi juga menjadi platform yang efektif dalam mendukung kegiatan bisnis dan promosi. Melalui Instagram, baik individu maupun perusahaan dapat memperluas jangkauan dan meningkatkan eksposur produk atau layanan yang mereka tawarkan kepada masyarakat luas, termasuk di dalamnya adalah radio sebagai salah satu media penyiaran. Dengan adanya kemudahan akses dan fitur-fitur yang menarik, Instagram mampu memfasilitasi interaksi antara pengguna serta memberikan manfaat yang signifikan dalam upaya memperluas jaringan dan meningkatkan kehadiran dalam ranah digital. Penggunaan radio di media sosial menunjukkan konvergensi media. Konvergensi media ini merujuk pada fenomena di mana berbagai platform media saling berintegrasi dan saling mempengaruhi dalam ekosistem media modern. Seperti yang disampaikan oleh Meike & Young dalam Suryani (2017), terdapat dua faktor utama yang mempengaruhi konvergensi media. Pertama, terkait dengan perluasan media untuk bertahan di lingkungan media yang terus berubah. Kedua, adalah bagaimana media secara aktif beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi dalam memanfaatkan media baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 638, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada masa kini, penggunaan media baru semakin terdiversifikasi. Ada yang menggunakan media sosial sebagai sumber informasi, sarana komunikasi, atau bahkan sebagai platform bisnis. Fenomena ini mencerminkan bagaimana pergeseran perilaku masyarakat dalam mengonsumsi konten media. Pemanfaatan media baru dan media sosial tidak hanya sebatas tentang penggunaan platform tersebut, tetapi juga mencakup bagaimana media secara keseluruhan beradaptasi dengan teknologi. Peran teknologi dalam transformasi media tidak dapat dipandang sebelah mata. Media tradisional, seperti radio, televisi, dan surat kabar, mulai menghadapi tantangan dalam mempertahankan relevansi mereka di era digital. Untuk tetap bersaing, media tradisional juga perlu berinovasi dan mengadopsi teknologi yang ada. Mereka perlu memahami perilaku pengguna dan menyesuaikan konten mereka dengan preferensi serta kebutuhan masyarakat yang semakin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Riset Manajemen Komunikasi (JRMK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2798-6586 | p-ISSN 2808-3075", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 516, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 190, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "beragam. Dengan demikian, konvergensi media bukanlah hanya sekadar tentang integrasi antarplatform, tetapi juga tentang transformasi fundamental dalam industri media. Media tradisional dan media baru tidak lagi dapat dipisahkan dengan jelas, karena keduanya saling terkait dalam ekosistem media yang kompleks. Di tengah arus informasi yang terus berkembang pesat, media harus terus beradaptasi dan berinovasi untuk tetap relevan dan dapat bertahan di lanskap media yang terus berubah. Selain itu, konvergensi media juga memengaruhi dinamika produksi dan distribusi konten. Dengan teknologi yang semakin canggih, siapa pun dapat menjadi produsen konten dan menyebarluaskannya melalui berbagai platform media. Hal ini memberikan peluang besar bagi individu dan kelompok untuk menyuarakan pendapat, menyebarkan informasi, dan bahkan mempengaruhi opini publik. Namun, di sisi lain, juga menimbulkan tantangan baru terkait validitas, kebenaran, dan etika dalam konten yang diproduksi dan dikonsumsi. Perubahan ini juga memengaruhi model bisnis dalam industri media. Pendapatan dari iklan, langganan, dan penjualan konten telah mengalami pergeseran yang signifikan seiring dengan perubahan perilaku konsumen dan teknologi. Media harus mencari cara baru untuk memonitisasi konten mereka, sambil tetap mempertahankan integritas editorial dan kualitas informasi yang disajikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 264, "width": 485, "height": 216, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks ini, kolaborasi antara media tradisional dan media baru menjadi semakin penting. Aliansi strategis antarperusahaan media dapat memperluas jangkauan, meningkatkan inovasi, dan menciptakan nilai tambah bagi konsumen. Selain itu, regulasi yang cerdas juga diperlukan untuk menjaga keseimbangan antara kebebasan berekspresi dan perlindungan masyarakat dari konten yang merugikan. Sebagai kesimpulan, konvergensi media telah membawa perubahan yang signifikan dalam industri media. Transformasi ini menuntut adaptasi yang cepat dan inovasi yang berkelanjutan dari semua pemangku kepentingan. Hanya dengan kreativitas, kolaborasi, dan kesadaran akan tantangan yang dihadapi, media dapat terus berkembang dan memainkan peran yang relevan dalam membentuk opini publik dan memenuhi kebutuhan informasi masyarakat. Pada tanggal 11 April 2011, radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung pertama kali mengudara di udara dengan bendera PT. Radha Media Syadana. Dari kantor pusatnya di Jl. Anyer no 52 Kebonwaru, radio ini memulai perjalanan siarannya dengan semangat yang baru. Namun, pada tahun 2019, terjadi perubahan penting dalam sejarah radio ini ketika kepemilikan berpindah tangan ke tangan Joesoef Siregar, dan kini berada di bawah naungan PT. Senandung Rezeki Udara Indonesia. Dengan peralihan kepemilikan ini, tidak hanya logo radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung yang mengalami perubahan, tetapi juga manajemennya, yang diiringi dengan slogan baru, \"Radionya Urang Bandung\". Perubahan ini tidak berhenti di situ saja, karena selama masa transisi ini, beberapa program yang ada diganti dengan program-program yang baru dan segar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 482, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses rebranding ini tidak hanya sekadar perubahan tampilan, namun juga merupakan momen yang cukup signifikan bagi radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung. Dengan perubahan ini, radio ini mengalami transformasi yang lebih dalam, menghadirkan wajah baru yang menarik dan mengeksplorasi potensi baru dalam menyajikan konten kepada pendengarnya. Meskipun terjadi perubahan yang besar, semangat untuk menjadi penyedia hiburan dan informasi terdepan di Bandung tetap tidak berubah.Radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung mengalami rebranding karena adanya permasalahan kepemilikan perusahaan yang mengganggu. Konflik antara dua pemilik brand Urban Radio telah membuat persaingan menjadi lebih ketat, dengan masing- masing pihak mencoba membangun citra mereknya sendiri melalui media sosial Instagram. Hal ini menyebabkan munculnya dua akun Instagram Urban Radio yang berbeda kepemilikan dan frekuensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 605, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kondisi yang menciptakan situasi yang membingungkan bagi pendengar setia dan calon pendengar radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung menggambarkan tantangan yang harus dihadapi. Dengan adanya dua akun Instagram yang dimiliki oleh pihak yang berbeda, hal ini dapat menimbulkan kebingungan di kalangan pengguna media sosial dan mempersulit upaya memperkuat identitas merek stasiun radio tersebut. Kesulitan ini tidak hanya mempengaruhi upaya membangun citra merek yang konsisten, tetapi juga memengaruhi fokus pada tujuan utama stasiun radio, yakni memberikan layanan terbaik kepada pendengar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rebranding merupakan langkah solutif yang diambil untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Dengan melakukan rebranding, stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung berupaya mengembalikan fokus pada identitas merek yang kuat dan konsisten. Langkah ini diambil dengan pertimbangan untuk menjaga konsistensi dalam pengelolaan media sosial, sehingga dapat memperkuat hubungan antara stasiun radio dengan pendengarnya. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: \"Bagaimana hubungan media sosial Instagram dalam membangun citra merek Radio Urban 106.3 FM?\" Pertanyaan ini menjadi fokus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 272, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi et al. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram… , .", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 430, "top": 793, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, No. 1, Juli 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "utama penelitian untuk memahami peran dan pengaruh media sosial Instagram dalam membangun identitas merek stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 100, "width": 485, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini akan dilakukan dan dinilai melalui berbagai aspek yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan media sosial Instagram oleh stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM. Hal ini meliputi strategi komunikasi yang digunakan, jenis konten yang diposting, interaksi dengan pengikut, serta dampaknya terhadap persepsi dan loyalitas pendengar. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan yang mendalam tentang peran media sosial Instagram dalam membangun citra merek stasiun radio Urban 106.3 FM Bandung. Selanjutnya, tujuan dalam penelitian ini diuraikan dalam pokok-pokok sbb. (1) Untuk mengetahui hubungan context pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, (2) Untuk mengetahui hubungan comunication pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, (3) Untuk mengetahui hubungan collaboration pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, (4) Untuk mengetahui hubungan connection pada media sosial Instagram dalam membangun brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 262, "width": 119, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 282, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan metode teknik analisis korelasional dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dalam penelitian ini. Peneliti memilih populasi followers Instagram dari radio Urban 106.3 FM sebagai sampel untuk dilakukan analisis. Pendekatan kuantitatif memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengumpulkan data numerik tentang aktivitas dan interaksi followers terhadap konten yang diposting oleh stasiun radio tersebut. Dengan menggunakan teknik analisis korelasional, peneliti dapat mengeksplorasi hubungan antara berbagai variabel, seperti frekuensi posting, jenis konten, dan tingkat interaksi dengan pengikut, yang dapat memberikan wawasan yang berharga tentang perilaku pengguna media sosial terhadap platform radio.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 378, "width": 485, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pola perilaku dan preferensi followers terhadap konten yang dipublikasikan oleh radio Urban 106.3 FM di platform Instagram. Informasi ini bisa menjadi dasar bagi stasiun radio untuk meningkatkan strategi konten mereka, meningkatkan interaksi dengan pengikut, dan mengoptimalkan dampak promosi melalui media sosial. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga dapat memberikan kontribusi terhadap literatur ilmiah dalam bidang komunikasi dan media sosial dengan menambah pemahaman tentang dinamika hubungan antara media tradisional seperti radio dan media sosial di era digital saat ini. Dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu simple random sampling diperoleh jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner. Adapun teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknis analisis deskriptif dan teknik analisis inferensial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 527, "width": 141, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 548, "width": 485, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm Dalam Membangun Brand Image Berikut adalah penelitian mengenai hubungan media sosial instagram @urban1063fm dalam membangun brand image , yang diuji menggunakan teknik analisis korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil pengujian dijelaskan pada tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 603, "width": 418, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm Dalam Membangun Brand Image", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 623, "width": 436, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel r s t hitung T tabel Keputusan Derajat Keeratan X dan Y 0,598 7,386 1,984 Ho ditolak Sedang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 657, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data Penelitian yang Sudah Diolah, 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 674, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 menggambarkan hubungan antara Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm dalam membangun citra merek. Dari hasil analisis, terlihat bahwa koefisien korelasi Rank Spearman antara media sosial dan citra merek adalah 0,598. Angka ini menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara kedua variabel tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai sedang. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, terlihat bahwa nilai t-hitung sebesar 7,386, yang secara signifikan lebih besar daripada nilai t-tabel sebesar 1,984. Hal ini menandakan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat dan signifikan antara media sosial dengan citra merek Urban Radio 106,3 FM. Oleh karena itu, dari hasil ini, kita dapat menyimpulkan bahwa hipotesis nol (Ho) harus ditolak, yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Riset Manajemen Komunikasi (JRMK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2798-6586 | p-ISSN 2808-3075", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 516, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "59/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa media sosial memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap citra merek stasiun radio tersebut. Pentingnya media sosial dalam membangun citra merek Urban Radio 106,3 FM juga tergambar dari temuan bahwa akun Media Sosial Instagram @urban1063fm ternyata efektif dalam menciptakan citra positif bagi stasiun radio tersebut. Implikasinya adalah bahwa kehadiran aktif stasiun radio di platform media sosial, khususnya melalui Instagram, memiliki dampak yang positif dalam membentuk persepsi dan meningkatkan kesadaran merek di kalangan pengguna media sosial. Dengan demikian, strategi pemanfaatan media sosial menjadi sangat penting bagi Urban Radio 106,3 FM tidak hanya untuk memperkuat eksistensinya, tetapi juga untuk memperluas jangkauan dan meningkatkan citra mereknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 182, "width": 485, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam era digital ini, dimana media sosial telah menjadi salah satu sarana komunikasi utama, keberadaan Urban Radio 106,3 FM di platform tersebut bukan hanya sekadar sebuah keharusan, melainkan suatu kebutuhan strategis. Dengan memanfaatkan media sosial dengan bijak, stasiun radio tersebut memiliki kesempatan besar untuk terus tumbuh dan memperkuat posisinya di pasar, sambil tetap memperkuat ikatan dan interaksi dengan audiensnya. Dengan demikian, bukan hanya menjadi sebuah inovasi, tetapi juga suatu keharusan bagi Urban Radio 106,3 FM untuk terus beradaptasi dan memanfaatkan potensi media sosial dalam mengembangkan citra Selain memperkuat citra merek, keberadaan aktif di media sosial juga dapat membantu Urban Radio 106,3 FM untuk membangun komunitas yang kuat dengan pendengar dan pengikut setia mereka. Interaksi yang berkelanjutan dan terbuka dengan audiens melalui platform media sosial dapat menciptakan ikatan emosional yang lebih dalam dan meningkatkan loyalitas terhadap merek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 318, "width": 485, "height": 244, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks persaingan yang semakin ketat di industri media dan hiburan, memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai alat untuk membangun citra merek yang kuat dan mempertahankan basis penggemar yang loyal menjadi kunci keberhasilan jangka panjang bagi Urban Radio 106,3 FM. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini tidak hanya memberikan pemahaman tentang hubungan antara media sosial dan brand image, tetapi juga memberikan pandangan yang berharga tentang pentingnya integrasi strategis media sosial dalam strategi pemasaran dan branding stasiun radio. Salah satu manfaat yang didapatkan dari penggunaan social media terhadap brand adalah membentuk online branding . Tujuan utama dalam membangun sebuah brand untuk semua bisnis adalah untuk menjaga agar brand tetap terlihat untuk orang-orang di dunia maya. Hal ini juga diperkuat oleh penjelasan (Ratana, 2018); Monita (2019) bahwa social media hampir semua jenisnya adalah alat yang baik untuk membangun sebuah brand . Melalui social media sebuah perusahaan dapat meningkatkan kesadaran konsumen tentang sebuah produk ( top of mind awareness ) dan menyasar target yang lebih tersegmentasi. Brand image merupakan konsep yang sangat penting dalam dunia pemasaran. Hal ini mengacu pada persepsi, asosiasi, dan keyakinan konsumen terhadap sebuah merek. Dalam literatur pemasaran, definisi brand image sering kali didefinisikan sebagai gambaran yang terbentuk dalam pikiran konsumen tentang suatu merek, yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti kualitas produk, citra merek, pengalaman pengguna, dan interaksi dengan merek tersebut. Tjiptono (2008) menyatakan bahwa brand image mencerminkan kesan yang dimiliki oleh konsumen terhadap sebuah merek, baik itu secara langsung maupun melalui informasi yang diterima dari berbagai sumber.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 564, "width": 485, "height": 121, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kotler dan Keller (2009) menambahkan bahwa brand image merupakan hasil dari proses yang kompleks, di mana individu mengumpulkan, mengorganisir, dan menginterpretasikan informasi untuk membentuk suatu gambaran yang bermakna tentang sebuah merek. Dalam proses ini, konsumen dapat terpengaruh oleh berbagai elemen, termasuk pengalaman pribadi, pendapat orang lain, dan pesan-pesan pemasaran yang disampaikan oleh perusahaan. Dalam era digital saat ini, peran media sosial semakin meningkat dalam membentuk brand image sebuah perusahaan. Menurut Kusuma et al. (2019), media sosial memiliki potensi besar sebagai alat untuk membangun dan memperkuat brand image. Ada empat konsep utama yang perlu diperhatikan dalam penggunaan media sosial untuk membangun brand image, yaitu: Context (konteks), Communication (komunikasi), Collaboration (kolaborasi), dan Connection (koneksi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertama, konteks memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan bagaimana pesan-pesan merek disampaikan kepada konsumen. Perusahaan harus memahami karakteristik pengguna media sosial dan menciptakan konten yang relevan dan menarik bagi mereka. Selanjutnya, komunikasi yang efektif juga diperlukan untuk membangun hubungan yang kuat antara merek dan konsumen. Ini melibatkan tidak hanya menyampaikan pesan-pesan merek secara konsisten, tetapi juga mendengarkan tanggapan dan umpan balik dari konsumen. Kolaborasi dengan pengguna media sosial juga dapat membantu perusahaan memperluas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 36, "width": 272, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fauzan Haris Anavidi et al. Hubungan Media Sosial Instagram… , .", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60/60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 430, "top": 793, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 4, No. 1, Juli 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 72, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jangkauan dan meningkatkan keterlibatan konsumen. Melalui kontes, kampanye bersama, atau endorsement oleh influencer, perusahaan dapat menciptakan pengalaman yang unik dan berkesan bagi konsumen. Terakhir, koneksi yang dibangun melalui media sosial dapat membantu perusahaan membangun komunitas loyal yang terhubung erat dengan merek mereka. Dengan memanfaatkan media sosial secara efektif, perusahaan dapat memperkuat brand image mereka, memperluas jangkauan, dan meningkatkan keterlibatan konsumen. Namun, penting untuk diingat bahwa brand image bukanlah sesuatu yang statis, melainkan berkembang seiring waktu dan interaksi antara merek dan konsumen. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan perlu terus memonitor dan menyesuaikan strategi mereka sesuai dengan perubahan dalam preferensi dan perilaku konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 194, "width": 88, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 214, "width": 485, "height": 258, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menyimpulkan beberapa hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: (1) Media sosial memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Korelasi yang tinggi menunjukkan bahwa ada keterkaitan yang cukup kuat antara kedua faktor ini, menandakan bahwa media sosial memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk brand image radio tersebut, (2) Konteks juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Meskipun korelasi tidak begitu tinggi, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor konteks juga turut berperan dalam pembentukan brand image, meskipun mungkin tidak sekuat pengaruh media sosial, (3) Komunikasi juga terbukti memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Korelasi yang cukup tinggi menunjukkan bahwa komunikasi, baik itu dari pihak radio itu sendiri maupun dari audiensnya, memainkan peran penting dalam membentuk persepsi terhadap merek tersebut, (4) Kolaborasi juga terbukti memiliki hubungan dengan brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Meskipun korelasi tidak begitu tinggi seperti faktor lainnya, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kolaborasi dengan pihak lain, seperti sponsor atau partner, dapat memengaruhi brand image radio tersebut, (5) Komunikasi, meskipun telah disebutkan sebelumnya, tampaknya memiliki pengaruh yang cukup kuat terhadap brand image radio Urban 106,3 FM Bandung. Hal ini menandakan bahwa aspek komunikasi memang sangat penting dalam membentuk dan mempertahankan brand image, dan perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus dari pihak terkait. Dengan demikian, hasil penelitian ini memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi brand image Radio Urban 106,3 FM, dan dapat menjadi landasan untuk pengembangan strategi branding yang lebih efektif di masa mendatang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 486, "width": 75, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 505, "width": 430, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Kotler, P. & Keller, K.L. 2009. Manajemen Pemasaran Jilid I Edisi ke 12. Jakarta: Erlangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 519, "width": 439, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Kusuma, B. A., Primadani, B., & Putri, S. (2019). Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Brand Equity. JIM UPB, 7.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 546, "width": 466, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Laksono, Bagus Pamuji Tri dan Yulianti. 2023. Hubungan Terpaan Media Sosial Pondok Pesantren La Raiba Hanifida dengan Brand Equity. Bandung Conference Series: Communication Management. Vol.3, No.2", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 587, "width": 443, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Meikle, G., & Young, S. (2017). Media convergence: Networked digital media in everyday life. Bloomsbury Publishing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 615, "width": 438, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Monita, T. (2019). Pengaruh Media Sosial Dan Brand Awareness Terhadap Brand Equity Erha Clinic Center Surabaya. 1–15.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 642, "width": 467, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Ratana, M. (2018). Pengaruh Social Media Marketing Terhadap Ekuitas Merek( Program Crowdscourcing Foto Periode 18 Juli 2016 – 2 April 2017 di Instagram ) The Effect Of Social Media Marketing On Brand Equity ( Photo Crowdsourcing Program from July 18 , 2016 until April 2 , . April 2017, 13–28.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 696, "width": 298, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Tjiptono. (2008). Strategi Bisnis Pemasaran. Yogyakarta:Andi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 710, "width": 348, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] We Are Social. 2023. \"Data Pengguna Internet di Indonesia\". Diakses dari https://wearesocial.com/id/blog/2023/01/digital-2023/", "type": "List item" } ]

e56adcf0-7d98-3d23-2e81-e7e5080d2afb

https://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah/article/download/819/461

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V20i2.819", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 257, "width": 49, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 257, "width": 148, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": 21/10/2023 Revised : 01/11/2023 Accepted : 22/02/2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 299, "width": 145, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Published : 15/05/2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 355, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 368, "width": 454, "height": 168, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study is to determine the management of risk management according to Islamic economics. Where the last Prophet Muhammad and uswatun hasanah has a very complex way of shaping people's personalities through his actions. The research method used is a literature study that examines written sources from various literature references related to the Prophet Muhammad's risk management style using descriptive analysis methods and literature studies. The results found that the prophet's management was very superior in managing the system of commerce and trade because the prophet could reduce losses in the business he did. However, in marketing the prophet's business displays the traits inherent in his prophethood which are role models for us in carrying out management and marketing activities. Companies should also pay attention to the importance of using service strategies to improve services because it is one way to increase customer trust and loyalty to the products they use. to be able to manage risk in the company can follow the example of Rasulullah SAW, namely by applying the properties of Siddiq, Amanah, Fatonah and Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 548, "width": 364, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : 1 Management, 2 the Prophet Muhammad,3 Business 4 Pemasaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 576, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 589, "width": 454, "height": 168, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengelolaan manajemen resiko menurut ekonomi Islam. Dimana Rasulullah Nabi terakhir dan uswatun hasanah memiliki cara yang sangat kompleks dalam membentuk kepribadian masyarakat melalui tindakannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi kepustakaan yang mengkaji sumber tertulis dari berbagai referensi literatur terkait gaya manajemen risiko Nabi Muhammad dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan studi pustaka. Hasilnya menemukan pengelolaan managemen nabi sangat unggul dalam mengatur system perniagan dan perdagangan di karenakan nabi dapat menekan kerugian kerugian dalam perniagaan yang dilakukannya. Namun demikian dalam pemasaran perniagaan nabi menampilkan sifat-sifat yang melekat pada kenabiannya yang menjadi contoh tauladan bagi kita dalam melakukan kegiatan management dan pemasaran . Perusahaan juga harus memperhatikan pentingnya menggunakan strategi layanan untuk meningkatkan layanan karena merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan terhadap produk yang mereka gunakan. untuk dapat memanajemeni resiko pada perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 453, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat mengikuti keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, yaitu dengan menerapkan sifat Siddiq, Amanah, Fatonah dan Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 111, "width": 366, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: 1 Management, 2 the Prophet Muhammad,3 Business 4 Pemasaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A.Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan dewan adalah menempatkan seseorang yang memiliki orang hebat sehingga dia ditempatkan pada posisi yang paling sesuai. Umar bin Khattab salah satu khalifah tidak pernah diangkat menjadi panglima perang karena ternyata dia adalah sosok yang disuruh menjadi negarawan. Rasulullah SAW telah memberikan contoh dalam hal ini. Serupa dengan Abu Bakar ash-Siddiq, ia memang diinstruksikan untuk menjadi negarawan dan tidak pernah mempertimbangkan untuk menerima jabatan sebagai panglima perang. Oleh karena itu, manajemen telah dilaksanakan dan dilaksanakan sesuai dengan ajaran dan tuntunan Islam sejak zaman Nabi Muhammad, terlebih lagi sejak zaman nabi-nabi sebelumnya, ketika pembagian tugas dituntut untuk dibentuk. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 454, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan transformasional, di sisi lain, memberikan visi dan misi, menginspirasi kebanggaan, dan mendapatkan rasa hormat dan kepercayaan. Pemimpin yang menunjukkan gaya kepemimpinan ini dan menyampaikan harapan yang tinggi biasanya menggunakan simbol untuk mengarahkan upaya dan dengan jelas mengkomunikasikan arah tujuan penting. Para pionir ini tahu bagaimana memperkuat kecerdasan dengan mempublikasikan pemikiran dan wawasan, ketajaman dan pemikiran kritis yang hati-hati. Mereka mahir dalam memberikan perhatian individu yang memadai kepada setiap karyawan melalui pembinaan dan saran individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 454, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan melampaui kepentingan diri sendiri dan mampu memberikan pengaruh yang mendalam dan luar biasa pada pengikut, pemimpin transformasional adalah pemimpin yang memberikan refleksi dan harapan dalam bentuk inspirasi. Ajaibnya, Rasulullah (saw) memiliki semua ini sepanjang karir kenabian dan utusannya. Faktanya, pemimpin spiritualnya yang luar biasalah yang membuatnya lebih terkenal. Michael H. Hart, seorang penulis dan ahli astrofisika terkenal, mengakui hal ini dalam bukunya The 100: Dalam publikasinya tahun 1978, A Ranking of the Most Influential People in History, ia menempatkan Nabi Muhammad (saw) di urutan teratas daftar itu. Di tempat pertama karena, menurut penelitiannya, Nabi Muhammad (saw) adalah orang yang paling terspesialisasi dan sukses dalam sejarah baik di tingkat agama maupun sekuler. menyadari bahwa empat ciri gaya kepemimpinan Nabi (saw) adalah Siddiq (kebenaran), Amanah (dapat dipercaya), Tabligh (advokasi), dan Fathonah (kebijaksanaan). Pilar-pilar tersebut merupakan landasan moralitas(kepribadian) bagi umat Islam secara keseluruhan dan Nabi sendiri. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 454, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menempatkan seseorang pada posisi yang tepat adalah salah satu tugas manajemen. Dalam hal ini Rasulullah SAW menjadi panutan dan mempekerjakan seseorang berdasarkan keahlian dan kualifikasi keilmuannya sehingga pekerjaan dapat dilakukan dengan benar. kedudukan seseorang sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Dalam sebuah hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Didin Hafidhuddin and Hendri Tanjung, Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik (Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2003).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Zakaria bin Mat Zin and Faridah Hj Hassan, “Attributing Contemporary Leadership Moswla in Rasulullah (Peace Be Upon Him),” Journal of Islamic Management Studie2 2, no. 1 (2018): 0–22, http://www.uib.no/sites/w3.uib.no/files/attachments/1._ahmed- affective_economies_0.pdf%0Ahttp://www.laviedesidees.fr/Vers-une-anthropologie- critique.html%0Ahttp://www.cairn.info.lama.univ- amu.fr/resume.php?ID_ARTICLE=CEA_202_0563%5Cnhttp://www.cairn.info.lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bukhari, Rasulullah (saw) menyatakan sebagai berikut: yang artinya “tunggulah waktu kehancurannya jika suatu urusan diserahkan kepada orang yang tidak berhak. di tangan seorang ahli.\" Berdasarkan perilaku ini, yang terus diabaikan, itu adalah prekursor yang akan mengarah pada kekacauan ekonomi umum di masyarakat dan kehancuran kepribadian dan karakter individu pada khususnya, karena individu secara tidak langsung mengabaikan bisnis. etika yang relevan dengan kehidupan sehari-hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 161, "width": 454, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi normatif dengan mengabaikan sikap adil, jujur, tanggung jawab dan lain-lain hanya demi mencapai tujuan pribadi untuk keuntungan sebesar-besarnya tanpa memikirkan kemaslahatan masyarakat lain pada umumnya, seolah-olah para pengusaha muslim sudah seharusnya menerapkan ekonomi normatif dalam kegiatan usahanya seperti yang dicontohkan oleh Rasulullah SAW pada masanya. Berdasarkan latar belakang permasalahan yang telah telusuri di atas, maka sudah menjadi kewajiban bagi kita seorang individu atau kelompok yang memiliki konsentrasi di bidang ekonomi untuk membangun kesadaran terkait etika bisnis yang merupakan hal yang paling utama dari pada sekedar memprioritaskan keserakahan atau milik sendiri kepentingan demi tercapainya keinginan untuk memperoleh keuntungan yang sebesar- besarnya, sebagaimana masa rasul merupakan cerminan dan acuan yang baik bagi para pelaku usaha untuk menciptakan suasana kegiatan usaha yang adil, jujur dan bertanggung jawab. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 453, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut peneliti tertarik membahas pengelolaan managemen resiko dan pemasaran yang di terapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad yang merupakan embrio dalam melaksanakan pengelolaan managemen dalam pemasaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 383, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 454, "height": 206, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tulisan ini merupakan bagian dari studi kepustakaan yang mengkaji sumber tertulis dari berbagai referensi literatur terkait gaya manajemen risiko Nabi Muhammad dengan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan studi pustaka. dikumpulkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian studi kepustakaan ( library research ) yaitu dengan menghimpun data dari tulisan-tulisan (literasi) yang mempunyai kaitan dengan topik yang dibahas, yaitu terkait dengan manajemen resiko dalam ekonomi Islam. Data-data di ambil melalui dokumentasi berbentuk buku, jurnal penelitian, dan artikel-artikel yang mendukung. Metode pembahasan yang digunakan yakni metode deskriptif-analisis, merupakan penjelasan dan mengelaborasi ide-ide utama berkenaan dengan topik yang dibahas. Kemudian disajikan secara kritis dari sumber-sumber pustaka primer maupun sekunder yang berkaitan dengan tema. 4 Teknik Yang digunakan dalam menganalisa data pada penulisan ini adalah Teknik Analisa konten dan Deskriptif-analitik. Analisis konten (content analysis) atau kajian isi adalah metodologi penelitian yang memanfaatkan seperangkat prosedur untuk menarik kesimpulan yang sahih dari sebuah buku atau dokumen. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 621, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 636, "width": 454, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen berasal dari kata Latin \"manus,\" yang berarti \"tangan,\" dan kata Italia \"maneggiare,\" yang berarti \"mengendalikan,\" jika Anda memahami bahasanya. Manajemen telah didefinisikan sebagai proses perencanaan, pengelompokan, pengarahan. , dan mengawasi upaya karyawan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan dari perspektif manajemen. Menurut Kamus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 453, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Telsy Fratama Dewi Samad and Rosdalina Bukido, “Implementation of Normative on Business Activity in The Period of Rasulullah SAW,” AKADEMIKA 26, no. 1 (2021): 6.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 108, "top": 735, "width": 366, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R&D (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Lexi J. Moleong, Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif , ed. Edisi Revisi (Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI), manajemen adalah pemanfaatan sumber daya manusia yang efisien untuk mencapai tujuan. 6 Artinya, seorang pemimpin puncak atau pemimpin yang bertanggung jawab atas menjalankan perusahaan atau organisasi adalah definisi lain dari manajemen. Agar manajemen yang andal terjadi, konten manajemen harus melakukan tugas- tugas berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 146, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Proses penentuan tujuan arah perusahaan sebagai bagian dari tujuan organisasi disebut perencanaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 176, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Ini adalah fungsi pengorganisasian, dan itu berupa proses menempatkan karyawan pada posisi berdasarkan keahliannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 205, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fungsi pengarahan adalah bagian dari proses dimana karyawan diberi arahan dan dikomunikasikan dengan baik agar menyimpang dari tujuan yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 235, "width": 432, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Fungsi kontrol adalah bagian dari proses yang memerlukan pengawasan untuk memastikan bahwa semua kegiatan organisasi berjalan sesuai rencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 265, "width": 454, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengertian manajemen syariah adalah manajemen yang mengarahkan suatu organisasi agar dapat mencapai potensi maksimalnya dan diridhoi Allah. Dalam manajemen syariah, prosedur yang sama seperti dalam manajemen konvensional mensyaratkan beberapa fungsi manajemen yang harus dipenuhi, antara lain: Fungsi perencanaan, pengorganisasian, gerak (aktuasi), dan evaluasi (pengendalian) Keinginan terhadap kegiatan halal, baik dari segi barang dan jasa, serta tata cara memperoleh dan memanfaatkannya, merupakan hal mendasar dalam manajemen syariah. Perbedaan mendasar antara manajemen syariah dan manajemen konvensional adalah cara manajer membuat keputusan. Sementara manajer dalam manajemen konvensional menghadapi sejumlah masalah dan berusaha menyelesaikannya melalui tindakan yang diambil di masa lalu, mereka selalu dipandu oleh model tradisional. Dalam manajemen syariah, di sisi lain, manajer mengambil tindakan yang harus didasarkan pada ajaran Allah yang ditemukan dalam Al-Qur'an, Hadits, dan sahabat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 443, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sangat sulit untuk menyebutkan sebuah kata dalam konteks bahasa Arab yang memiliki arti yang sama dengan manajemen dalam bahasa Inggris. Ini sebagian karena bahasa Arab memiliki banyak kata, dan semuanya dapat memiliki ekspresi yang sangat spesifik. Akibatnya, manajemen kata dalam bahasa Arab dapat diartikan sebagai: nim, idrah, tadbir, dan 'imrah. Istilah manajemen dapat disebut dengan salah satu dari empat cara ini. artinya sebagai manajemen kata bahasa Inggris. Ini setengah jalan karena kemewahan kata-kata dalam bahasa Arab di mana segala sesuatu dapat memiliki artikulasi kata tertentu. Akibatnya, sejumlah kata yang berbeda dapat digunakan untuk merujuk pada manajemen, seperti: nim, idrah , tadbir, dan 'imrah. Istilah manajemen dapat disebut dengan salah satu dari empat cara ini. Penjelasan dari istilah-istilah ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 591, "width": 436, "height": 102, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kata Arab untuk manajemen, idrah, dapat diturunkan dari padanan jamaknya, al-idrah, yang berasal dari akar kata mi dan berarti “mengatur atau mengelola” (Ahmad Warson Munawwar, 1997:432). idiom, yang mengacu pada aturan yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah. Akibatnya, kata administrasi disamakan dengan kata al-idrah. Orang-orang saat ini paling sering menggunakan istilah ini untuk menggambarkan manajemen atau administrasi. Namun, Al-Qur'an dan Hadis tidak mengandung kata ini, sehingga dapat ditentukan bahwa itu adalah kata kontemporer yang digunakan kemudian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 695, "width": 436, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tadbr Berasal dari kata Arab dabbara, yang berarti \"mengelola.\" Seiring dengan menjaga) dan memimpin), kata ini mungkin juga memiliki arti yang sama. Bila", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 758, "width": 342, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Pustaka Pheonix, Kamus Bahasa Indonesia (Jakarta: Team Pustaka Pheonix, 2017).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 72, "width": 417, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan dengan kata \"urusan\", kata ini berarti memikirkan hasil yang baik dan buruk (Ahmad Warson Munawwar, 1997:384).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 102, "width": 388, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teks-teks Al-Qur'an menggunakan kata tadbr daripada kata idrah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 117, "width": 419, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ُُرِّبَدُي َُْلا َُرْم َُه ِم ُ بَمَّسلا ُِء ىَلِا ُ ِض ْرَ ْلا َُّمُث ُُج ُرْعَي ًُِْيَلِا ُْيِف ُ م ْىَي َُنبَك ُ ي ُراَدْقِم َُفْلَا ُ ةَىَس بَّمِّم ن ْوُّدُعَت Yang artinya “Dia Allah yang mengarahkan segala urusan dari langit ke bumi, kemudian (urusan) itu naik kepada-Nya dalam satu hari, yang kadarnya seribu tahun menurut perhitunganmu” (QS al-Sajadah/32:5). 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 190, "width": 418, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Imam Ibnu Katsir dalam Tafsir Ibnu Katsir, ketika membahas ayat 5 surah al- Sajdah di atas, kalimat yudabbiru menandakan bahwa Allah telah menurunkan perintah- Nya dari langit yang tinggi ke tempat yang jauh di bumi melalui tujuh lapisan langit. Menurut manajemen, itu didefinisikan sebagai pengambilan keputusan tingkat atas yang didelegasikan kepada mereka yang dipercayakan dan dilakukan oleh mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 265, "width": 436, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Nizam berasal dari akar kata Jepang naama, yang berarti mengatur, merakit, atau mengatur. Nizam mengacu pada sistem, aturan, atau pengaturan.Ketika kata \"kehidupan\" ditambahkan padanya:atau negara):Ini mengacu pada aturan hidup atau sistem pemerintahan (Ahmad Warson Munawwar, 1997:1435).Baik hadits maupun Al- Qur'an tidak mengandung kata nim dalam bentuk aslinya. Kata nim hanya dapat ditemukan dalam kalimat yang diucapkan oleh sahabat Ali bin Abi Thalib ra, meskipun sebagian orang percaya bahwa penobatan itu salah. Berikut ungkapan-ungkapan tersebut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 383, "width": 417, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Kepalsuan yang sistematis akan menghilangkan kebenaran yang benar (tidak terorganisir) tanpa sistem.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 413, "width": 436, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Imrah Kata “imrah” dapat berarti “merawat” atau “mensejahterakan.” Menurut Allah SWT, istilah ini digunakan dalam Al-Qur'an untuk menyebut pengelolaan Masjidil Haram:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 109, "top": 458, "width": 414, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "بَمَّوِإ ُُرُمْعَي َُد ِجبَسَم َُِّاللّ ُْهَم َُهَمآ َُِّللّبِب ُِم ْىَيْلا َو ُِر ِخ ْلْا َُمبَقَأ َو َُة َلََّصلا ىَتآ َو َُةبَك َّزلا ُْمَل َو َُشْخَي َُّلِإ ََُّاللّ ىَسَعَف َُكِئَلوُأ ُْنَأ اىُوىُكَي َُهِم َُهيِدَتْهُمْلا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 487, "width": 418, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Apakah(orang -orang) yang memberi minuman orang-orang yang mengerjakan haji dan mengurus Masjidil Haram kamu samakan dengan orang-orang yang beriman kepada Allah dan hari kemudian serta bejihad di jalan Allah? Mereka tidak sama di sisi Allah; dan Allah tidak memberi petunjuk kepada kaum yang zalim.” (QS. Al-Tawbah/9: 19). 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah \" masjid ta'mir \", yang diterjemahkan menjadi \"bagian dari panitia pembangunan\" atau \"pengurus yang mengemban tugas mensejahterakan masjid\", akhirnya menjadi populer di Indonesia karena ayat ini yang mengandung kata \"imrah. \"Adalah mungkin untuk mengatakan bahwa tidak satu pun dari empat kosakata yang digunakan untuk merujuk pada manajemen cukup identik untuk menjadi sinonim dengan manajemen seperti yang digunakan saat ini. 9 Secara alami, ada risiko yang terkait dengan manajemen organisasi. Akibatnya, harus ada pendekatan yang berbeda untuk mengurangi potensi bahaya bagi suatu organisasi. Ketika datang untuk menghindari segala jenis risiko yang mungkin timbul dalam perusahaan, manajemen risiko memainkan peran penting. peran penting.Risiko didefinisikan sebagai hasil yang tidak diinginkan dari suatu tindakan.Bahaya menjadi kata berkonotasi negatif yang banyak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 712, "width": 314, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Departemen Agama RI, Al-Qur’an Dan Terjemahan (Bandung: Hilal, 2009).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 108, "top": 724, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Departemen Agama RI.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Basri, “Management and Financial Transparency of Islamic Religious Organizations: The Case Study of Modern Islamic Boarding School in Contemporary. Indonesia,” Global Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences , 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan.Misalnya, jika perusahaan kita memiliki karyawan yang tidak jujur dan suka mencuri, ada kemungkinan bahwa perusahaan akan bangkrut (kejadian yang tidak menyenangkan). Sebelum menjadi Rasul, Rasulullah SAW juga berdagang dengan barang-barang ibu Kahdijah. Nabi menggunakan manajemen yang baik dan sifat-sifat Siddiq, amanah, tabliq, dan fathanah agar barang yang dibawanya mendapat manfaat yang besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 146, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdul Razzaq, antara lain Muhaddits, melaporkan bahwa Nabi Muhammad SAW mahir mengelola dunia bisnis. Beliau memutuskan untuk bekerja sebagai wirausahawan/pedagang ketika sudah dewasa. Beliau menjadi manajer di investor perdagangan (shohibul mal) atas dasar keuntungan. berbagi ketika dia tidak memiliki modal. Siti Khadijah mengangkatnya sebagai manajer pusat perdagangan Habshah Yaman. Dia adalah investor utama Mekah. Dia dan para investornya telah menghasilkan banyak uang berkat keterampilan kewirausahaannya. Tidak satu pun jenis bisnis yang ditangani Nabi Muhammad mengalami kerugian akibat gaya perdagangannya. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 265, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada fenomena keteladanan yang baik pada diri Nabi Muhammad SAW. Adapun beberapa keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, yang pertama adalah keikhlasan beliau yang tiada tara. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh fakta bahwa ketika ia masih kecil, Malaikat Jibril membelah dadanya untuk menyucikannya dan membuang sifat buruk. Dia berdakwah di Taif dan ditendang dan dilempari kotoran unta, namun dia tetap sabar dan ikhlas. Yang kedua adalah Jihad-Nya, di mana dia selalu berperang dari barisan depan dan tidak pernah dari belakang. Kualitas ketiga adalah memiliki kesabaran. Dia tidak hanya marah pada suku Badui yang buang air kecil di masjid Nabawi; sebaliknya, ia hanya memberikan nasihat kepada orang Badui bahwa masjid adalah tempat ibadah dan tidak boleh dikotori atau dikencingi. Berkat kesabarannya, orang Badui itu memeluk Islam. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi dan metode manajemen yang paling efektif pada masa Nabi Muhammad. Setelah hijrah dari Mekkah ke Madinah, diperjelas. Mengenai periode waktu yang dihabiskan di Mekkah, manajemen Nabi Muhammad. fokus pada penerapan da 'wah dan konsentrasinya. Di Mekkah, dakwah biasanya terdiri dari dua tahap: Pertama, dakwah sirriyah, atau penyembunyian, yang dilakukan sejak pengangkatannya sebagai Rasul melalui kepindahannya ke Madinah. Nabi SAW melakukan dakwahnya. 'wah secara rahasia dan dengan sangat hati-hati dan teliti. Mengingat masyarakat Quraisy tidak terbiasa dengan konsep dan gagasan Nabi, ini menjadi perlu. Misalnya, Nabi membawa Islam ke kota Mekah secara terbuka, dan secara terbuka dimungkinkan bahwa ia akan dibunuh sebelum menyebar karena dia pasti menghadapi tentangan yang sengit dan tidak ada yang siap untuk membawa agama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedua, dakwah i'lan (keterbukaan) dengan menyeru dan mengajak kaum Quraisy ke dalam Islam secara universal. Dengan tuntunan wahyu, Nabi SAW mulai menunjukkan kerusakan yang telah dilakukan terhadap aqidah mereka dan sifat buruk dari kebodohan mereka. peradaban yang mereka anut sebelum menunjukkan kebenaran dan itikad baik Islam. Nabi pasti menemukan orang-orang yang ingin mengikutinya dengan dakwah ini, dan tidak mudah untuk benar-benar ditolak dan ditentang, terutama dari para pemimpin Quraisy. Tujuan utama Dakwah terbuka ini bersifat pembinaan, dan berlangsung bersamaan dengan dakwah terselubung. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 452, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 AA Mukhlas and S Gresik, “Prophet’s Business Management,” Al-Iqtishod Journal , 2020, ttps://jurnal.stai- alazharmenanti.ac.id/index.php/AlIqtishod/article/download/87/72.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 263, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Hafidhuddin and Tanjung, Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik .", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Ubbadul Adzkiya’, Prophet Muhammad’s Business Ethics: History, Teachings and Practice (Semarang: books.google.com,", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 497, "top": 761, "width": 28, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 176, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa tidak ada madrasah, sekolah, atau lembaga pendidikan tinggi seperti universitas pada saat itu, keberhasilan Nabi di Madinah dalam membangun kembali komunitas Muslim dengan individu-individu yang bermoral menunjukkan kemampuannya untuk merekrut individu yang mau bekerja sama untuk maju. Islam.Membangun arena pertemuan Nabi dan para sahabat untuk membahas suatu peradaban dan menyatukan Ansor dan Muhajirin dalam bentuk masjid merupakan fungsi dasar yang tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai tempat fungsional untuk berdiskusi. masalah orang. Mengadakan kontrak sosial antara penduduk Madinah adalah syarat menerima perbedaan agama. Rasulullah mendirikan prinsip-prinsip dasar masyarakat Islam, yang memungkinkan munculnya peradaban baru. Al-Ikha' (persaudaraan), al-Musa'wah (kesetaraan), al-Tasa'muh (toleransi), al-Ta'awun (tolong), dan al-'Adalah (keadilan) termasuk di antara prinsip-prinsip ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 250, "width": 454, "height": 161, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam bisnis Islam, ketentuan harus mematuhi aturan halal dan haram dalam hal perolehan dan penggunaan yang sah dari properti. Dalam hal pendapatan, hal yang sama berlaku. Ini sangat berbeda dengan bisnis non-Islam, yang lebih mengutamakan keuntungan daripada keuntungan. nilai material. Aturan halal dan haram diabaikan oleh bisnis non-Islam dalam hal produksi, pemasaran, transaksi, dan segala upaya yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan akhir perusahaan. Ketulusan adalah salah satu fondasi penting untuk segala sesuatu dalam bisnis, menjadikannya aspek yang paling penting dari etika bisnis.Misalnya, penjual harus jujur tentang produk yang dijual selama proses jual beli.Semakin tinggi tingkat kepercayaan, semakin banyak pelanggan akan datang jika produk tersebut berkualitas tinggi.Tetapi jika mereka tidak jujur, seperti menjual produk yang tidak berkualitas tinggi tetapi dibuat sedemikian rupa, pasti akan kecewa dan berisiko kehilangan kepercayaan pelanggan. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 413, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menyadari bahwa Kota Madinah merupakan kota yang plural, maka Perjanjian Konstitusi Madinah secara implisit dan eksplisit merupakan keharusan yang memuat beberapa ketentuan yang berkaitan dengan ritme demokrasi politik. Konstitusi Madinah yang merupakan hasil dari pertemuan, dialog dalam keterbukaan dan komitmen setiap komponen masyarakat yang heterogen di Madinah, tanpa pertemuan, dialog dalam berbagai bahasa, dan keterbukaan semua orang, tentu ada kepastian untuk membentuk yang aman dan damai. masyarakat. Dalam Pembukaan UUD Madinah yang berbunyi: “Dengan menyebut nama Allah Yang Maha Pengasih lagi Maha Penyayang. Inilah kitab (ketentuan tertulis) Nabi Muhammad SAW. Diantara orang- orang mukmin yang berasal dari Quraisy dan Yatsrib dan yang mengikuti mereka, lalu bergabung dengan mereka dan bertarung dengan mereka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam pembukaan piagam Madinah ini terdapat lima pokok utama antara lain 1), Penempatan asma Allah swt. pada posisi teratas. 2), Perjanjian masyarakat (social contract) secara tertulis. 3), Kemajemukan masyarakat yang ikut dalam Konstitusi Madinah. 4), keanggotaan terbuka (open membership) dan 5), Persatuan dalam ke-bhineka-an (unity in d iversity) 14 . Dengan keterlibatan semua pihak dalam perjanjian piagam Madinah, merupakan pintu bagi umat Islam dalam melaksanakan aktivitas dakwah, kegiatan ekonomi yang di peran oleh Nabi Muhammad beserta sahabatnya sehingga Madinah menjadi jendela kota perdagangan pada masa itu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 703, "width": 449, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=M7sxEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=management+nabi+ muhammad+context+management+business&ots=aE2R0nMdbM&sig=OvAgV4IgszqrjIOLx83w4VPyAzM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 724, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Fitri Yeni M Dalil, “The Implementation of Hadiths About Honesty and Trust in Islamic Business Ethics,” in Batusangkar Internationa; Conference (Batusangkar, 2017), 341–49.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Ishak Hariyanto and Agus Dedi Putrawan, “Dakwah Kenabian Dan Konstruksi Masyarakat Khayalan,” Tasamuh 16, no. 1 (2018): 1–24, https://doi.org/10.20414/tasamuh.v16i1.540.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut temuan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Aulia Nur Inayah, pemberdayaan ekonomi dicapai melalui sosial budaya profetik dengan mengikuti keteladanan Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam hal melakukan kegiatan ekonomi. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 453, "height": 117, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagaimana diketahui, dakwah Nabi mengalami situasi sulit dan tidak memungkinkan lagi untuk dilanjutkan ketika di Makkah. Untuk itu Nabi Muhammad beserta umat Islam Makkah melakukan hijrah ke Yatsrib, yang kemudian diberi nama Madinah. Masa awal di Madinah adalah masa-masa kritis yang menentukan, sebab organisasi dakwah Islam belum sepenuhnya mapan, kesatuan umat juga belum terbentuk utuh, ancaman dari kaum kafir Quraisy Makkah juga masih besar, ditambah lagi ancaman dari sebagian penduduk Madinah yang tidak sepakat dengan dakwah Nabi Muhammad. Untuk itu diperlukan keputusan- keputusan strategis yang tepat dalam menghadapi berbagai situasi tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 456, "height": 132, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabi Muhammad dapat dikatakan berhasil, terbukti organisasi dakwahnya dapat berkembang di Madinah dan memiliki keunggulan kompetitif sehingga mampu mengalahkan pesaing-pesaingnya dan mencapai misi dakwahnya. Situasi-situasi kritis serupa dengan masa dakwah awal di Madinah dapat juga dihadapi oleh organisasi dakwah pada hari ini. Misalnya ketika dihadapkan pada lingkungan dakwah yang baru, keadaan internal organisasi yang belum mapan, sementara pesaing sangat kuat, sehingga diperlukan arah kebijakan strategis yang tepat untuk menghadapi situasi tersebut. Kajian manajemen strategi dakwah Nabi Muhammad di masa awal Madinah dapat menjadi pelajaran penting bagi organisasi dakwah yang menghadapi situasi serupa. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 461, "height": 220, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Entrepreneurial Leadership Nabi Muhammad Saw. dalam peristiwa dakwah Nabi terbatas. Kondisi ketidakpastian tantangan, yaitu tantangan akan dikejar oleh kafir Quraisy yang selama dakwah rinstisan di Makkah tidak segan-segan untuk membunuh umat Islam, ditambah kondisi penduduk Yatsrib menawari untuk hijrah, memiliki tantangan kesetiaan dan menunaikan janji perlindungan terhadap Nabi dan umat Islam dari Makkah yang melakukan hijrah, menunjukkan ketidakpastian tantangan dalam pencapaian tujuan dakwah Nabi. Nabi Muhammad saw menerapkan kepemimpinan dalam melakukan dakwah ritisan di Makkah sampai peristiwa hijrah Nabi untuk keluar dari situasi krisis, yaitu pasca penolakan dakwah di Makkah melakukan upaya proaktif dalam mencari solusi-solusi atau menciptakan pemecahan dalam peristiwa Thaif dan pasar Dzy Al-Majaz agar bisa menciptakan peluang secara mandiri, mengambil resiko kehilangan nyawa pada peluang menyelamatkan dakwah dengan hijrah ke Yatsrib, melakukan upaya-upaya kreatif mengenali peluang dari datangnya pemuda Aus dari Yatsrib, dan menemukan ide-ide baru dalam peristiwa lolosanya Nabi dari kejaran kafir Quirasy. Semua ini dilakukan agar bisa keluar dari situasi krisis dalam melakukan dakwah rintisan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 456, "height": 87, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perilaku Nabi Muhammad dalam peristiwa dakwah rintisan di Makkah sampai peristiwa hijrah ke Yatsrib sejalan dengan perilaku kepemimpinan wirausaha (entrepreneurial leadership), mengutip Zijlstra, kepemimpinan wirausaha memiliki dimensi perilaku kunci yaitu pengambilan risiko, kreativitas, proaktif, visioner dan inovasi. Dengan adanya permasalahan dakwah Nabi yang sedang merintis usaha dakwah di Makkah sampai peristiwa hijrah Nabi ke Yatsrib, Nabi sebagai seorang pemimpin umat Islam dapat ditinjau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 F N Azizah, “Pembangunan Masyarakat Berbasis Pengembangan Ekonomi Pesantren Rubat Mbalong Ell Firdaus Tambaksari Kedungreja Cilacap …” 6, no. 03 (2018): 645–53, http://repository.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/4598/.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Dedy Pradesa, “Manajemen Strategi Dakwah Nabi Muhammad Pada Masa Awal Madinah,” INTELEKSIA - Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah 8, no. 2 (2018): 231–56, https://doi.org/10.55372/inteleksiajpid.v8i2.151.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 453, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepemimpinan dari kepemimpinan wirausaha (entrepreneurial leadership) sebagai salah satu cara untuk mencapai tujuan dakwah rintisan secara efektif bahkan bisa berkelanjutan (sustainable). 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 454, "height": 206, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahasia keberhasilan Nabi Muhammad SAW dalam menjalankan praktik bisnisnya dengan menerapkan standar harga yang tidak terlalu tinggi dan tidak terlalu rendah. Baginya, yang penting adalah pertukaran barang antara pedagang dan pembeli. Jangan biarkan hal-hal hanya berputar di sekitar kelompok tertentu. Tetapi barang-barang tersebut didistribusikan ke lapisan masyarakat. Apabila peredaran barang sesuai dengan peredaran dengan baik, maka kegiatan usaha akan stabil, dan harga dapat dikendalikan oleh masyarakat. Dalam hal ini, Nabi Muhammad juga menjual menurut harga yang diperhitungkan. Ia tidak memanipulasi harga dan tidak bersekongkol dan berkompromi dengan pembeli yang menaikkan harga, sehingga mendapat untung yang banyak. Mark up harga, timbangan, timbangan dilakukan oleh pembeli ketika mendapat pesanan dari pihak lain. Etika Muhammad dalam menyampaikan informasi tentang dagangannya dilakukan secara detail. Dia tidak menyembunyikan cacat barang dagangannya. Jika pembeli meminta kejujuran Muhammad dengan syarat barang dagangannya di bawah sumpah atas nama Tuhan, Muhammad selalu menolak. Baginya, berkata jujur adalah kunci sukses bisnis. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dia telah menjadi pedagang yang tangguh dan terkenal di Yaman, Suriah, Irak, Busra, Yordania, dan Bahrain selama 20 tahun terakhir. Seorang pengusaha sejati memiliki sifat-sifat Nabi Muhammad SAW, yaitu kejujuran, kecerdasan, dan dapat dipercaya. Dalam menjalankan berbagai transaksi bisnis, ia tidak pernah berbohong. melahirkan kebaikan (keuntungan),” sabda Mutafaqun Alaih Rasulullah. Selain itu, kebaikan akan membawamu ke surga. Allah pasti akan mencatat seseorang sebagai orang yang selalu jujur jika mereka tetap berusaha untuk jujur. Hindari berbohong dan menipu karena melakukannya hanya akan melahirkan kejahatan dan akan membawamu ke neraka. Jika seseorang terus berbohong, Allah akan mencatat mereka sebagai orang yang selalu berbohong. 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 454, "height": 102, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Islam memiliki etika bisnis, yaitu sejumlah tindakan bisnis etis (akhlaq al Islamiyah) yang dikemas dengan nilai-nilai syariah yang mengutamakan senyawa, yaitu halal dan haram. Jadi perilaku etis adalah perilaku yang mengikuti semua perintah Allah dan menjauhi bentuk-bentuk yang dilarang. Dalam Islam, etika bisnis telah banyak dibahas dalam berbagai literatur dan sumber utamanya adalah Al-Quran dan Sunnah. Pelaku usaha diharapkan bertindak etis dalam berbagai aktivitasnya. Kepercayaan, keadilan dan kejujuran adalah elemen utama dalam mencapai kesuksesan bisnis di masa depan. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 454, "height": 102, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah \"integritas\" sering digunakan untuk menggambarkan gagasan \"shiddiq\" dalam konteks etika bisnis kontemporer. Kejujuran adalah salah satu nilai terpenting dalam dunia bisnis. Jujur adalah salah satu cara untuk menegakkan nilai dan etika bisnis. sangat jelas bahwa nilai dan etika memainkan peran penting dalam bisnis, dan ini selalu terjadi. Integritas sangat penting bagi siapa saja yang ingin menjalankan bisnis atau sudah melakukannya. Integritas harus menjadi prinsip panduan paling mendasar dalam dunia bisnis saat ini .mana manajer keuangan yang jujur, gigih, dan siap bersaing secara efektif. ”Sesungguhnya shiddiq mengarah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Andi Susanto, “Entrepreneurial Leadership Nabi Muhammad Saw Dalam Peristiwa Hijrah,” INTELEKSIA - Jurnal Pengembangan Ilmu Dakwah 3, no. 2 (2022): 335–56, https://doi.org/10.55372/inteleksiajpid.v3i2.191.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 712, "width": 345, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Adzkiya’, Prophet Muhammad’s Business Ethics: History, Teachings and Practice . 19 Hafidhuddin and Tanjung, Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Fitri Damayanti and Tridahus Susanto, “Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kualitas Audit, Kepemilikan Institusional, Resiko Perusahaan Dan Return on Asset Terhadap Tax Avoidance,” Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen 5, no. 2 (2015): 187–206.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 87, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada kebaikan dan kebaikan akan mengantarkan ke surga,” menurut hadits Rasulullah SAW, adalah keyakinan lain bahwa pelaku bisnis yang mengamalkan integritas akan mendapat manfaat darinya. siapa yang bersungguh-sungguh berjuang untuk shiddiq akan dicatat oleh Allah SWT, dan mereka harus menahan diri dari berbohong karena melakukannya akan membawa kerugian. laknat nal. Siapa saja yang konsisten berbohong akan dicap pembohong oleh Allah (HR.Bukhari) 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 161, "width": 382, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam tulisan Yilmaz menjelaskan karakter sifat Nabi Muhammad Saw yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 176, "width": 438, "height": 131, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Siddiq merupakan nilai dasarnya adalah integritas, ikhlas, terjamin dan keseimbangan emosional adalah sikap yang sanggat urgent dalam hal bisnis. Jujur berarti melandaskan ucapan, keyakinan serta perbuatan berdasarkan ajaran Islam. Selalu bersikap jujur adan mengantarkan seseorang pada surganya Allah SWT. sebagiamana Rasullullah bersabda yang artinya:”Sesungguhnya kejujuran mengantarkan pada kebaikan dan kebaikan akan mengantarkan ke dalam surge Seseorang yang selalu berusaha untuk jujur akan dicatat oleh allah sebagai orang jujur dan jauhilah oleh kamu perbuatan dusta , karena dusta akan mengantarkan pada kejahatan. Dan kejahatan akan mengantar kedalam neraka. Seorang yang selalu berdusta akan dicatat oleh allah sebagai pendusta.”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 309, "width": 436, "height": 102, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Amanah (terpercaya). Sikap amanah adalah nilai dasarnya terpercaya, dan nilai-nilai dalam berbisnisnya ialah adanya kepercayaan, bertanggung jawab, transparan, dan tepat waktu sikap ini juga sangat dianjurkan dalam aktifitas bisnis. Kejujuran dan amanah mempunyai hubungan yang sangat erat, karena jika seseorang telah dapat berlaku jujur pastilah orang tersebut amanah (terpercaya). Maksud amanah adalah mengembalikan hak apaa saja kepada pemiliknya, tidak mengambil sesuatu melebihi haknya dan tidak melebihi hak orang lain 22", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 413, "width": 436, "height": 117, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fatonah (Cerdas). Fatonah berarti memiliki pengetahuaan luas, nilai dalam bisnis memiliki visi, pemimpin yang cerdas sadar produk dan jasa serta mengerti akan sesuatu dan dapat menjelaskannya. Kecerdasan yang dimaksudkannya ini bukan hanya kecerdasan intelektual tapi juga kecerdasan emosional dan kecerdasan spritual seperti yang dikatakan Ary Ginanjar sebagai berikut kemampuan untuk memberi makna ibadah terhadap setiap perilaku kegiatan melalui langkah-langkah dan pemikiran yang bersifat fitrah, menuju manusia seutuhnya dan memiliki pola pemikiran tauhid serta berprinsip hanya karena Allah. 23", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 532, "width": 436, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tabligh (Komunikatif-Promotif). Nabi Muhammad sebagai Rosul terakhir dikaruniai sifat tabligh untuk menyampaikan apa yang perintah oleh Allah kepada umatnya dengan tidak mengurangi sedikitpun perintah yang diterimanya.Sifat tabligh nilai dasarnya adalah komunikatif dan nilai bisnisnya adalah supel. 24", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada usia 12 tahun, Nabi Muhammad diajak oleh pamannya untuk berdagang ke Negara Syam (Suriah) yang jaraknya ribuan kilometer dari kota Mekkah. Perjalanan yang selama ini ditempuh oleh seorang anak berusia 12 tahun tanpa menggunakan transportasi mobil atau pesawat, hanya menggunakan unta berbeda dengan yang dilakukan orang sekarang ini, aktivitas berdagang semakin pintar dan sederhana. Perjalanan bisnis Nabi Muhammad terus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Nafiuddin, “Memahami Sifat Shiddiq Nabi Muhammad SAW Perspektif Bisnis Syariah,” BISNIS : Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam 6, no. 2 (2018): 1–3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Yusuf Qardawi, “Aku Dan Al Ikhwan Muslimun,” in Mudzakkirat Al Qaradhawi (Jakarta: Tarbawi Press, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 724, "width": 379, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 Sri Nawatmi, “Etika Bisnis Dalam Perspektif,” Fokus Ekonomi (FE) 9, no. 2 (2010): 50–58.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 A MANZANI and D Fadhilah, “THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF SHIDDIQ, AMANAH, FATHANAH AND TABLIGH CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SUCCESS OF ONLINE SHOP BUSINESS,” Bilal Journal: Halal Economic Business , 2021, http://ojs.polmed.ac.id/index.php/Bilal/article/view/362.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berlanjut dari tahun ke tahun di bawah bimbingan pamannya hingga ia berusia 16 tahun. Pada usia 17 tahun ia memulai usaha sendiri sebagai pengusaha, hal ini dilakukan karena ia tidak ingin menjadi beban bagi pamannya, meskipun sebenarnya ia tidak memiliki modal apapun. Dengan memiliki posisi personal brand sebagai pemuda yang sangat rajin, percaya diri, berintegritas tinggi dan dapat dipercaya. Dalam menepati janji membuat setiap orang yang berinteraksi dengannya dalam berbisnis mendapatkan kepuasan yang luar biasa, sehingga ia menjadi primadona bagi warga jazirah Arab saat itu. Karakter ini kemudian memunculkan reputasi pribadi yang tinggi di kalangan investor dan konglomerat Makkah, sehingga meski tidak memiliki modal untuk memulai bisnis secara mandiri, banyak tawaran modal yang mengalir. 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 488, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 : Aspek Manajemen dari Kisah Rasulullah SAW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberhasilan usaha pada hakikatnya adalah keberhasilan dari bisnis mencapai tujuannya. Suatu bisnis dikatakan berhasil bila mendapatkan laba, karena laba adalah tujuan dari orang melakukan bisnis. 26 Berwirausaha dalam islam tidak semata-mata hanya mengejar keuntungan di dunia 27 , tetapi juga keuntungan yang hakiki di akhirat dengan menerapkan syariat jual beli yang berlaku. 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 588, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelusuran perkembangan konsep manejemen yang dikembang oleh Nabi Muhammad Saw dengan menggunakan konsep yang dilakukan pada Rasulllah ialah sebagai enterperuship (kewirausahaan) dalam hal ini potensi dan gagasan serta idea nabi pada masa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 655, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 Rima Oktavia, “Syariah Entrepreneurship: Explore The Basic Values of The Islamic Work Ethoh In The Business of The Rasulullsh,” IQTISADIE: Journal of ISlamic Banking and Shariah Economy 1, no. 2 (2021):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 454, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "256–75, http://download.garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/article.php?article=2926029&val=25819&title=ENTERPRENEURSIP SYARIAH MENGGALI NILAI-NILAI DASAR ETOS KERJA ISLAMI DALAM BISNIS RASULULLAH.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Abdul Halim Ibrahim et al., “Maqasid Al-Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics: A Comprehensive Approach,” Journal of Bioethical Inquiry , 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09902-8.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 108, "top": 735, "width": 367, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Aprijon, “Kewirausahaan Dan Pandangan Islam,” Jurnal Menara 12, no. 1 (2013): 1–11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 MANZANI and Fadhilah, “THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF SHIDDIQ, AMANAH, FATHANAH AND TABLIGH CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SUCCESS OF ONLINE SHOP BUSINESS.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "saat sekarang ini telah berkembang ditengah masyarakat Indonesia sebagaimana pemerintah menggalakkan Usaha Menengah Kecil Masyarakat, merupakan bagian dari kewirausahan mandiri yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat berkaitan dengan Undang-undang (UU) Nomor 25 Tahun 2007 tentang Penanaman Modal, UU Nomor 20 Tahun 2008 tentang UMKM, UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepemudaan, pemerintah Indonesia serius dalam melaksanakan program untuk meningkat ekonomi masyarakat melalui enterpenurship dalam era 4.0 merupakan kehidupan masyarakat telah berubah dengan menggunakan jaringan internet sehingga segala bentuk akses dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan smartphone sehingga kegiatan-kegiatan kewirausahaan dapat dikembangkan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 454, "height": 132, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sangat jelas bahwa membangun sumber daya manusia memerlukan keteladanan yang patut ditiru dan mampu menjadikan setiap manusia lebih maju, bermoral, dan bermartabat. dapat diandalkan dan tangguh. Nabi Muhammad SAW sebenarnya menjadi panutan. Beliau adalah pemimpin dunia yang mampu menciptakan sistem sumber daya manusia di berbagai bidang, antara lain: kepemimpinan pribadi, kewirausahaan dan bisnis, kehidupan masyarakat yang tertib, dan politik yang bermartabat. sistem semuanya penting. Teladan Nabi Muhammad SAW yang telah teruji dan diakui oleh lebih dari 1,3 miliar manusia, juga telah terbukti dan teruji sejak lebih dari 15 abad yang lalu hingga saat ini masih sangat relevan untuk diterapkan. contoh melampaui batas ruang dan waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 339, "width": 454, "height": 206, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan juga harus memperhatikan pentingnya menggunakan strategi layanan untuk meningkatkan layanan karena merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan terhadap produk yang mereka gunakan. Kualitas Kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan tidak hanya didasarkan pada produk yang baik; melainkan, mereka didasarkan pada penyediaan layanan terbaik, yang sebenarnya dapat mengubah minat pengguna. Suatu perusahaan dapat menawarkan produk yang berkualitas dengan harga yang kompetitif, namun jika pelayanan yang diterima tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan, justru dapat menyebabkan perusahaan kehilangan loyalitas pelanggan dan beralih ke produk lain. , ramah, dan berbasis pengaturan data untuk kebutuhan klien. Selain itu, layanan yang cepat dan terbaik dapat diberikan dengan memfasilitasi setiap dan semua proses transaksi yang dapat dilakukan dari lokasi mana pun kapan saja, bahkan jika kita tidak perlu kunjungi bisnisnya.Hal ini hanya dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa pengguna mendapatkan apa yang diinginkannya.Oleh karena itu, setiap bisnis harus mengutamakan memberikan pelayanan prima untuk memastikan pelanggan puas dan tetap setia. 29", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 547, "width": 453, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran ini yang telah di jalankan oleh Nabi Muhmmad Saw dalam melakukan bisnisnya tidak terlepas untuk menjelaskan pada pengguna sehingga para pengguna merasa aman dan nyaman ketika nabi menjelaskan kondisi barang dagangannya secara transfer dan terperinci. 30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 454, "height": 72, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Amalan Manajemen Nabi Muhammad SAW menceritakan kisah kehidupan Nabi dan Rasul, dengan Nabi Muhammad SAW yang paling lengkap dan sempurna. Perjalanan hidup Nabi Muhammad memulai menggembala kambing sejak kecil hingga bergabung dengan pamannya berdagang di Suriah hingga menjadi pemilik modal di usia 38 tahun — memberikan banyak pelajaran bagi manajemen. Menurut apa yang dikatakannya, oleh karena itu jelas dan tepat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 701, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29 Idil Rakhmat Susanto and Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono, “Konseptualisasi Perang Badar Sebagai Strategi Bisnis,” Islamadina : Jurnal Pemikiran Islam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 715, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 454, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "no. 1 (2021): 63, https://doi.org/10.30595/islamadina.v22i1.6378.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 735, "width": 454, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30 Budi Trianto, Nil Firdaus, and Danil Syahputra, “ISLAMIC MANAGEMENT: SEJARAH, KONSEP DAN PRAKTEK DALAM KEHIDUPAN SOSIAL,” Jurnal Ekonomi Islam: Al Amwal 7, no. 1 (2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bahwa Rasulullah dijadikan contoh terpenting bagi kehidupan manusia.sebagaimana firmannya :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 117, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ُْدَقَل َُنبَك ُْمُكَل ُْيِف ُِل ْىُس َر ُِٰاللّ ُ ة َىْسُا ُ ةَىَسَح ُْهَمِّل َُنبَك اىُج ْرَي َُٰاللّ َُم ْىَيْلا َو ُاْلا َُر ِخ َُرَكَذ َو َُٰاللّ ُ اًرْيِثَك “ Sesungguhnya telah ada pada (diri) Rasulullah itu suri teladan yang baik bagimu (yaitu) bagi orang yang mengharap (rahmat) Allah dan (kedatangan) hari kiamat dan dia banyak menyebut Allah”.( QS. Al-Ahzab [33]: 21)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari paparan yang telah dijelaskan maka penulis mengambil kesimpulan manajemen resiko dalam Islam yang dicontohkan dari keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, dengan menerapkan sifat Siddiq, amanah, Fatonah dan Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 250, "width": 436, "height": 57, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Siddiq: Rasulullah menjalankan bisnis dengan benar baik dari perbuatan maupun perkataan. Hal ini membuat bisnis Rasul mendapatkan keuntungan yang berkelanjutan. Dalam memilih emiten yang tepat di instrument saham, hendaknya kita pilih perusahaan yang menjalankan operasional dengan benar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 310, "width": 436, "height": 72, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Amanah: Amanah yaitu dapat dipercaya, perusahaan harus menciptakan kepercayaan kepada masyarakat untuk mengurangi resiko yang akan terjadi. Perusahaan dengan karakter jujur dan terpercaya dalam menjalankan bisnisnya memiliki potensi sebagai pilihan investasi. Suatu perusahaan dengan manajemen perusahaan yang dapat dipercaya dapat dilihat dari reputasinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 385, "width": 436, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fathonah: Perusahaan yang cerdas dapat dilihat jika perusahaan tersebut merupakan leader di sektornya, dan selalu memiliki produk baru yang inovatif, sehingga mampu selalu menjawab perubahan dan kebutuhan pasar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 431, "width": 435, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tabligh: konsep menyampaikan ini bisa diterapkan dalam memilih perusahaan yang rutin dalam menyampaikan laporan keuangan sebagai perusahaan terbuka.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 54, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 504, "width": 454, "height": 87, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam hal ini bahwa managemen resiko yang di terapkan oleh Nabi Muhammad SAW merupakan bagian untuk mengurangi terjadinya resiko-resiko pada pembiayaan yang tidak masuk kepada kategori dalam konsep managemen, Bentuk pemasaran yang di lakukan oleh Nabi Muhammad mengunakan melihat kondisi-kondisi pasar pada waktu itu yang telah menjadi pada persaiangan pasar yang kondusif dengan pemasaran yang di lakukan oleh Nabi dengan secara tramsfaran, akuntabel dengan merujuk kepada sifat-sifat beliau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 454, "height": 117, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan juga harus memperhatikan pentingnya menggunakan strategi layanan untuk meningkatkan layanan karena merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan terhadap produk yang mereka gunakan. Kualitas Kepercayaan dan loyalitas pelanggan tidak hanya didasarkan pada produk yang baik; melainkan, mereka didasarkan pada penyediaan layanan terbaik, yang sebenarnya dapat mengubah minat pengguna. Sehingga dalam Islam, untuk dapat memanajemeni resiko pada perusahaan dapat mengikuti keteladanan Rasulullah SAW, yaitu dengan menerapkan sifat Siddiq, Amanah, Fatonah dan Tabligh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN 2088-0871", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 35, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ojs.diniyah.ac.id/index.php/Al-Mutharahah", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 48, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0-ISSN 2722-2314", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 456, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman 399-414", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 21 No. 01 Januari-Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 244, "top": 104, "width": 109, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 144, "width": 454, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adzkiya’, Ubbadul. Prophet Muhammad’s Business Ethics: History, Teachings and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 158, "width": 430, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Practice . Semarang: books.google.com, 2021.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 173, "width": 427, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=M7sxEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA 1&dq=management+nabi+muhammad+context+management+business&ots=aE2R 0nMdbM&sig=OvAgV4IgszqrjIOLx83w4VPyAzM.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aprijon. “Kewirausahaan Dan Pandangan Islam.” Jurnal Menara 12, no. 1 (2013): 1 – 11. Azizah, F N. “Pembangunan Masyarakat Berbasis Pengembangan Ekonomi Pesantren Rubat Mbalong Ell Firdaus Tambaksari Kedungreja Cilacap …” 6, no. 03 (2018): 645 – 53. http://repository.iainpurwokerto.ac.id/4598/.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basri. “M anagement and Financial Transparency of Islamic Religious Organizations: The Case Study of Modern Islamic Boarding School in Contemporary. Indonesia.” Global Journal of Humanities & Social Sciences , 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 455, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalil, Fitri Yeni M. “The Implementation of Hadiths About Honesty and Trust in Islamic Business Ethics.” In Batusangkar Internationa; Conference , 341 – 49. Batusangkar, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 454, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Damayanti, Fitri, and Tridahus Susanto. “Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kualitas Audit,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 454, "height": 71, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemilikan Institusional, Resiko Perusahaan Dan Return on Asset Terhadap Tax Avoidance.” Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen 5, no. 2 (2015): 187 – 206. Departemen Agama RI. Al- Qur’an Dan Terjemahan . Bandung: Hilal, 2009. Hafidhuddin, Didin, and Hendri Tanjung. Manajemen Syariah Dalam Praktik . Jakarta: Gema Insani, 2003.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hariyanto, Ishak, and Agus Dedi Putrawan. “Dakwah Kenabian Dan Konstruksi Masyarakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 466, "width": 169, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Khayalan.” Tasamuh 16,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 466, "width": 430, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "no. 1 (2018): 1 – 24. https://doi.org/10.20414/tasamuh.v16i1.540.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 495, "width": 455, "height": 42, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ibrahim, Abdul Halim, Noor Naemah Abdul Rahman, Shaikh Mohd Saifuddeen, and Madi ha Baharuddin. “Maqasid Al -Shariah Based Islamic Bioethics: A Comprehensive Approach.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 525, "width": 142, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Bioethical", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 525, "width": 431, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inquiry , 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11673-019-09902-8.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 554, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MANZANI, A, and D Fadhilah. “THE INFLUENCE OF APPLICATION OF SHIDDIQ, AMANAH, FATHANAH AND TABLIGH CHARACTERISTICS ON THE SUCCESS", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 583, "width": 431, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "OF ONLINE SHOP BUSINESS.” Bilal Journal: Halal Economic Business , 2021. http://ojs.polmed.ac.id/index.php/Bilal/article/view/362.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 613, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moleong, Lexi J. 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d63cf505-9865-9702-ca3e-acdcde8eaa58

https://ojs.mahadewa.ac.id/index.php/stilistika/article/download/954/778

[ { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 114, "width": 376, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS CERPEN SISWA KELAS XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 BADUNG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE WRITING CONFERENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 163, "width": 179, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "TAHUN AJARAN 2014/2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 195, "width": 152, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "oleh Dewa Made Wardika Yusana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 224, "width": 120, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SMK PGRI 2 Badung [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 272, "width": 41, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 285, "width": 399, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah metode writing conference dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa. Objek penelitian pembelajaran menulis cerpen dengan metode writing conference . Setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu : tahap perencanaan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap observasiatau pengamatan, dan tahap refleksi. Hasil penelitian untuk kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa termasuk kategori cukup dengan nilai rata-rata 2.77 pada siklus satu, pada silkus II sebesar 3,08 dan pada siklus III sebesar 3,42.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 382, "width": 399, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi penerapan metode writing conference dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis cerpen siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung Tahun Pelajaran 2014/2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 437, "width": 276, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : Metode Writing Conference , Menulis Cerpen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 476, "width": 367, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IMPROVING THE ABILITY OF WRITING CLASS XI TKR 1 STUDENTS OF SMK PGRI 2 BADUNG BY USING THE WRITING CONFERENCE METHOD FOR 2014/2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 524, "width": 118, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACADEMIC YEAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 553, "width": 41, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 566, "width": 399, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine whether the writing conference method can improve students' short story writing skills. The subjects of the research were class XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung in the academic year 2014/2015. The research object of learning to write short stories using the writing conference method. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely: the planning stage, the implementation stage, the observation or observation stage, and the reflection stage. The results of the research for students' short story writing skills were categorized as sufficient with an average score of 2.77 in first cycle, 3.08 in second cycle and 3.42 in third cycle. So the application of the writing conference method in Indonesian language learning can improve the students' short story writing skills in class XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung in the 2014/2015 academic year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 731, "width": 291, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Writing Conference Method, Write Short Stories", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 183, "height": 241, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN ada hakekatnya belajar bahasa adalah belajar komunikasi. Oleh karena itu pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia diarahkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menulis siswa dalam berkomunikasi dengan bahasa Indonesia baik secara lisan maupun secara tertulis (GBPP,1993:3). Pembelajaran menulis pengalaman pribadi yang mengesankan terdapat dalam butir", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 363, "width": 141, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pembelajaran kelas XI TKR.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 383, "width": 183, "height": 365, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran menulis masih belum banyak mendapat perhatian dari guru. Siswa pun masih kurang terbiasa untuk menulis, apalagi jika pembelajaran menulis cerepen dari refleksi kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini terjadi karena guru belum memberikan bimbingan kepada siswa secara maksimal. Akibatnya siswa mengalami kesulitan. diharapkan siswa dapat termotivasi untuk menulis cerpen dari refleksi kehidupan sehari-hari menggunakan metode writing conference . Penguasaan siswa menulis cerpen dapat tercermin pada pembelajaran bercerita pengalaman yang mengesankan. Dalam hal ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 448, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peristiwa yang diceritakan belum bisa runtut. Sehingga perlu diadakan peningkatan kualitas dan kuantitas keterampilan berbahasa Indonesia. Hal ini perlu didefinisikan bahwa kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen masih relatif rendah, indikatornya sebagai berikut: (a) siswa kesulitan menemukan ide atau tema, (b) siswa kesulitan menentukan kalimat pertama untuk memulai menulis dan (c) siswa sering menulis kalimat kurang padu. Karena itulah penulis tertarik untuk mengangkat pemecahan masalah pembelajaran tersebut dalam sebuah penelitian tindakan kelas berjudul “ Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menulis Cerpen Siswa Kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung Dengan Menggunakan Metode Writing Conference ”", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 591, "width": 74, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 611, "width": 178, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data yang diteliti adalah data tentang hasil belajar pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia siswa, khususnya kemampuan menulis cerpen. Data-data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan metode tes,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 128, "width": 34, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 178, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "wawancara dan observasi. Adapun instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa: tes kemampuan menulis cerpen, pedoman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 197, "width": 177, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "wawancara, dan pedoman observasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 218, "width": 181, "height": 427, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung yang berjumlah 30 orang. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di SMK PGRI 2 Badung. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan pada semester ganjil tahun pelajaran 2014/2015, mulai dari bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2014. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) ini dilaksanakan dalam 3 (tiga) siklus yang tergantung pada pencapaian hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia siswa, khususnya pada kemampuan menulis cerpen. Setiap siklus dari rancangan ini terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu: Perencanaan; Tindakan; Pengamatan; dan Refleksi. Adapun ilustrasi tahapan siklus kegiatan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang dimaksud dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 653, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dicermati pada gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 324, "width": 182, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar. 1 Siklus Berulang Kegiatan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 400, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 421, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Hasil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 366, "top": 441, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian tindakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 462, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kelas ini, baik peneliti, dan guru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 483, "width": 184, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahasa Indonesia lain selalu berkolaborasi dalam setiap kegiatan seperti merencanakan tindakan, melaksanakan tindakan, observasi serta bekerja sama dalam kegiatan lain yang berkaitan dengan penelitian.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 432, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Ringkasan Hasil Penelitian Siklus I, Siklus II dan Siklus III SIKLUS RERATA SKOR KATEGORI Siklus 1 2,77 Cukup Siklus 2 3,08 Baik Siklus 3 3,42 Amat Baik 3.2 Pembahasan Temuan pada setiap siklus penelitian yang berbentuk data dan berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian dapat peneliti uraikan pada bagian pembahasan berikut ini. Validitas data terletak pada aplikasinya dan terpecahkannya masalah penelitian. Deskripsi komperatif masing-masing putaran (siklus) dan diakhiri dengan interpretasi penulis, meliputi :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 560, "width": 183, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(a) Kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen sebelum menggunakan metode writing conference dikategorikan cukup. Kemampuan itu mencapai pada rata-rata. Berikut ini data tersebut dianalisis berdasarkan interpretasi yang diawali dengan 2,77 rata-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 726, "width": 165, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rata cukup seperti itu didasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 324, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "oleh (a) Siswa merasa tertekan adanya keadaaan proses pembelajaran dengan adanya pengamat dan juga belum terbiasa menulis cerpen. (b) Siswa masih enggan untuk bertanya, bagaimana cara mememukan pokok-pokok persoalan yang akan dikembangkan. (c) Daya kreatif siswa untuk menulis cerpen belum dikembangkan dan penguasaan kosakata pun masih minim. (b) Kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen setelah menggunakan metode writing conference", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 348, "top": 446, "width": 166, "height": 302, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(menulis bersama).Pada siklus II dan III metode writing conference (menulis bersama) digunakan untuk pembelajaran menulis. Pada siklus II perolehan hasil ditandai oleh nilai rata-rata yang sudah meningkat dari rata-rata yang diperoleh dari siklus I. rata- rata tersebut mencapai 3.08 dari 30 siswa. Dengan begitu, pada siklus II ini nilai siswa dapat dikategorikan baik dalam mencapai ketuntasan belajar. Pada siklus III ditandai oleh peningkatan nilai yang cukup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 114, "width": 166, "height": 572, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tinggi, yakni 3.42 yang berkriteria Amat baik. Dari data tersebut terlihat bahwa perlakuan guru sangat memberikan perubahan nilai ke arah yang lebih tinggi, perlakuan ini tentunya mengarah kepada pemakaian metode yang mengacu pada keberhasilan pembelajaran yang menitikberatkan pada pencapaian tujuan dengan memperhatikan kondisi siswa. Dari refleksi diperoleh kesan bahwa penilaian harus dilanjutkan dengan beberapa latihan demi ketercapaian hasil yang lebih baik. Hasil observasi menunjukkan bahwa siswa bereaksi positif terhadap terhadap pengelompokan belajar dari pada belajar secara indifidu. Berdasarkan pendeskripsian di atas diperoleh kesan tentang pelaksanaan masing-masing siklus yang mengarah pada pemantauan langkah-langkah yang tepat bagi kegiatan menulis cerpen pengalaman.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 694, "width": 183, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Materi yang cocok dalam menulis cerpen seperti hanya karakteristik pengalaman yang mengesankan,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 348, "top": 114, "width": 165, "height": 179, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "siswa bebas berkreasi sesuai dengan kondisi, keinginan, pengalaman dan pengetahuan siswa. Dalam menulis cerpen pengalaman yang mengesankan, siswa harus mengingat kembali beberapa peristiwa yang penuh dialami untuk dipilih satu peristiwa yang paling berkesan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 301, "width": 184, "height": 447, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran guru hanya sebatas fasilitator yang memberikan dukungan bagi siswa. Dari ketiga siklus, keberhasilan yang terbanyak adalah kebebasan siswa dalam menulis dan pengalaman dan saling memberikan masukan antar siswa. Hak tersebut memiliki kelebihan-kelebihan (1) Siswa terdorong menerangkan ide- idenya. (2) dominasi guru mulai berkurang, sebab siswa aktif. (3) memungkinkan menerapkan pola induktif, sebab pola induktifpun berperan besar dalam dalam memotivasi siswa untuk lebih sering dalam menulis cerpen, pemilihan materi, pembelajaran yang tidak menyimpang dari tujuan pembelajaran menulis cerpen membuat siswa lebih mudah melakukan kegiatan menulis (4)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 183, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "materi yang dipilih harus mampu memotivasi siswa untuk berkreasi dalam menuangkan ide-idenya. Wawasan dan kemampuan guru dalam menentukan materi juga akan memberikan arah pada keberhasilan pembelajaran dan siswa harus juga memberikan dukungan dalam pembelajaran sehingga membangun citra pembelajaran di kelas. Oleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 321, "width": 183, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sebab itu pengondisian siswa sangat diperlukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 369, "width": 180, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah-pembelajaran menulis cerpen pengalaman mengesankan siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 431, "width": 180, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Badung. Yang tepat adalah (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 452, "width": 180, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "apersepsi guru (2) pengalihan ide,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 472, "width": 180, "height": 158, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yaitu memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk bertanya jawab dalam menentukan ide-ide.(3) penerapan ide-ide dalam bentuk menulis cerpen yang dilakukan siswa. (4) mengevaluasi tulisan yang dibuat siswa. Secara rinci langkah tersebut dijabarkan sebagai berikut .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 114, "width": 397, "height": 640, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1)Apresiasi guru (a) Guru memberikan pengantar menulis cerpen dengan merangkaikan kelanjutan pembelajaran dan pembelajaran berikutnya. (b) Guru mengamati kesiapan siswa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 352, "top": 156, "width": 162, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Guru memberikan garis tegas tentang kegiatan yang akan dilakukan siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 341, "top": 218, "width": 173, "height": 344, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Penggalian ide (a) Siswa menggali ide berdasarkan kemampuan dan penguasaannya dalam menulis cerpen. (b) Siswa mendaftar beberapa ide pengalaman yang mengesankan untuk dapat ditulis satu yang paling mengesankan. (c) Siswa merenungkan satu pengalaman untuk dikembangkan menjadi cerpen dengan bertanya jawab, diskusi, dan saling memberikan koreksi hasil karangannya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 570, "width": 184, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) Penerapan ide-ide menulis cerpen (a) Siswa mengidentifikasi butir- butir gagasan yang telah dikategorikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 348, "top": 653, "width": 166, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(b) Siswa memilih satu butir pengalaman yang ppaling mengesankan. Siswa mengembangkan gagasan-gagasannya menjadi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 22, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 51, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 765, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 124, "top": 114, "width": 173, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "cerpen dengan memperluas kalimat penjelasnnya. (4) Evaluasi pelaksanaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 176, "width": 162, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(a) Guru membaca, mengamati dan menganalisis tulisan cerpen siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 138, "top": 239, "width": 159, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(b) Guru memberikan penilaian hasil jawaban siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 138, "top": 280, "width": 159, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(c) Guru membagikan hasil kepada siswa sebagai umpan balik selanjutnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 363, "width": 71, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 384, "width": 67, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Simpulan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 405, "width": 183, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian yang telah dipaparkan pada bagian sebelumnya, beberapa simpulan yang dapat peneliti tarik adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 493, "width": 183, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) Kemampuan siswa menulis cerpen kelas XI TKR 1 SMK", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 535, "width": 166, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PGRI 2 Badung. Sebelum menggunakan metode writing conference (menulis bersama)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 597, "width": 165, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikategorikan cukup dengan nilai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 132, "top": 618, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "rata-rata: 2.77 (belum tuntas).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 638, "width": 184, "height": 117, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Terjadi peningkatan kemampuan menulis cerpen dengan metode writing conference siswa kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung. Dikategorikan baik dengan nilai rata-rata 3.08 (tuntas).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 348, "top": 114, "width": 165, "height": 96, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan tersebut meningkat pada siklus II dan siklus III mencapai nilai rata-rata 3.40 dengan kategori Amat Baik (tuntas).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 218, "width": 186, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) Materi yang cocok untuk menulis cerpen pengalaman bagi siswa XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 280, "width": 184, "height": 427, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "adalah materi yang sesuai dengan kondisi, keinginan, pengalaman, dan kemampuan menulis cerpen. Dalam menulis cerpen pengalaman, siswa diberikan kebebasan mengingat kembali peristiwa-peristiwa yang dialami. Sedangkan peran guru hanya sebatas fasilitator yang memberikan dukungan pada siswa. 4.2 Saran Penyampaian saran ini merupakan sumbangan pemikiran mitra peneliti untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di kelas XI TKR 1 SMK PGRI 2 Badung khususnya pembelajaran menulis cerpen. Adapun saran dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 715, "width": 183, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Diharapkan semua guru memberikan pelayanan, motivasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 35, "width": 149, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Doi: 10.5281/zenodo.4295610", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 64, "width": 384, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stilistika Volume 9, Nomor 1, November 2020 ISSN P 2089-8460 ISSN E 2621-3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 778, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 114, "width": 184, "height": 427, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dan mencari kelemahan- kelemahan siswa serta memecahkannya sehingga prestasi siswa akan lebih baik. 2) Dalam mengembangkan konsep pembelajaran menulis cerpen metode writing conference (menulis bersama), guru harus menguasai situasi kelas, kecerdasan siswa dan aktivitas belajar siswa di kelas. 3) Hendaknya siswa diberi kesempatan untuk bertanya sebelum guru menerangkan materi pelajaran. Pertanyaan yang muncul tidak harus guru yang menjawab. Melainkan guru memberikan kesempatan pada siswa lain untuk menjawabnya. Bila jawaban belum tepat, guru dapat memberi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 242, "top": 528, "width": 56, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pertanyaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 549, "width": 165, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penuntun yang dapat mengarah pada jawaban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 114, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 142, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Azwar, Saifudin. (1998). Metode", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 156, "width": 184, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian . Jogjakarta: Pustaka Belajar. Depdikbud. (1998). Kamus Baku Bahasa Indonesia . Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 252, "width": 184, "height": 400, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gugus,Mardini.(1999). Peningkatan Ketrampilan menulis Puisi Menggunakan Metode Conference Writing . Jurnal Gentengkali No 3 Tahun III Surabaya Proyek PPM SLTP JATIM Kasihani, Kasballah. (1998). Penelitian Tindakan Kelas . Malang: IKIP Malang Soedarsono, F.X. (1997). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas: Rencana Desain dan Inplementasi. Jogjakarta : Dirjen Dikti. Suyuti, Sumitro A. (1997). Apresiasi Prosa Fiksi. Jakarta: Depdikbud. Tarigan, Henry Guntur. (1983). Menulis Sebagai Salah Satu Keterampilan Berbahasa. Bandung: Angkasa. __________, (1991). Metode Pengajaran Bahasa . Bandung: Angkasa.", "type": "Table" } ]

cf5a785e-600d-03cc-7a16-6a0261d75827

https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/JIS/article/download/29040/32017

[ { "left": 99, "top": 38, "width": 152, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN 2540-9840 p-ISSN 1412-3770", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 38, "width": 220, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, April 2021, 21(1): 85-90", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 48, "width": 434, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Accredited by Ministry of Research, Technology DOI: https://doi.org/10.35799/jis.21.1.2021.29040 and Higher Education No: 28/E/KPT/2019 Available online at https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/jis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 90, "width": 413, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemetaan dan Pengelompokan Karakteristik Usaha Pariwisata di Kota Manado Menggunakan Analisis Biplot", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 128, "width": 339, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tamariska Ega Tabitha Mandagi 1) , Djoni Hatidja 1*) , Mans Mananohas 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 152, "width": 322, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Program Studi Matematika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 175, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*) Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 200, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 219, "width": 436, "height": 199, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan Penelitian ini, yaitu memetakan kelebihan dan kekurangan kecamatan-kecamatan di Kota Manado serta menggelompokan karakteristik usaha pariwisata yang ada di Kota Manado dengan menggunakan metode biplot. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yakni data jumlah usaha pariwisata tahun 2019 yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kota Manado. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa objek dalam hal ini kecamatan-kecamatan yang dapat dikelompokkan memiliki karakteristik usaha pariwisata yang relatif sama adalah 1). Malalayang, Wanea, dan Sario 2). Bunaken, Singkil, Tuminting, Tikala, Paal Dua, dan Mapanget 3). Bunaken Kepulauan 4). Wenang. Kelompok pertama memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang cukup pada hampir keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada, tapi masih perlu diperhatikan untuk usaha pariwisata Kawasan Pariwisata, Penyediaan Akomodasi, dan Wisata Tirta. Kelompok kedua, merupakan kelompok kecamatan yang butuh banyak perhatian untuk dikembangkan lagi dikarenakan masih banyak kecamatan yang jumlah usaha pariwisatanya masih kurang bahkan tidak ada di kecamatan-kecamatan ini. Kelompok ketiga, kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang paling unggul untuk usaha pariwisata Wisata Tirta, tapi untuk usaha pariwisata lainnya masih perlu dikembangkan lagi. Kelompok keempat, kecamatan Wenang memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang unggul pada keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 424, "width": 301, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Analisis biplot; pengelompokan; usaha pariwisata; Manado", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 450, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mapping and Grouping the Characteristics of Tourism Enterprises in Manado City Using Biplot Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 286, "top": 490, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 509, "width": 436, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aims of this research was mapping the advantages and disadvantages of sub-districts in Manado City and grouping the characteristics of tourism enterprises in Manado City using the biplot analysis. The data used in this research are secondary data which is tourism enterprises data in 2019 that obtained from the Department of Tourism and Culture of Manado City. The results show that the object or sub-districts can be grouped having relatively similar tourism enterprises characteristics, are 1). Malalayang, Wanea, and Sario 2). Bunaken, Singkil, Tuminting, Tikala, Paal Dua, and Mapanget 3). Bunaken Kepulauan 4). Wenang. The first group has a sufficient number of tourism enterprises, but still needs to be considered for tourism businesses in the Tourism Area, Provision of Accommodation, and Water Tourism. The second group, is sub-district group that needs a lot of attention to be developed again. The third group, Bunaken Kepulauan has the most superior number for Water Tourism, but for other tourism enterprises it still needs to be developed further. The fourth group, Wenang has a number of tourism enterprises that excel in all existing tourism enterprises.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 663, "width": 300, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Biplot analysis; grouping; tourism enterprises; Manado", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 692, "width": 361, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Article History: Received 06-07-2020; Accepted 05-11-2020; Published 28-04-2021)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 726, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 745, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Usaha pariwisata merupakan salah satu hal yang menjadi pokok perhatian pemerintah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 726, "width": 205, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Provinsi Sulawesi Utara terlebih khusus oleh pemerintah ibukota Provinsi Sulawesi Utara yaitu Kota Manado. Berlandaskan dari visi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 41, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "86 Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 73, "width": 205, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Panjang Daerah (RPJPD) Kota Manado 2005-2025 yaitu: “Manado Pariwisata Dunia”, maka pariwisata di Kota Manado harus lebih giat dikembangkan lagi. Dalam upaya peningkatan dan pengembangan usaha pariwisata di daerah dalam hal ini Kota Manado, diperlukan kebijakan-kebijakan yang mungkin berbeda antar kecamatan, sesuai dengan kondisi usaha pariwisata yang ada di kecamatan masing- masing. Berdasarkan dengan jenis-jenis usaha pariwisata yang sudah ditetapkan pemerintah, akan dilihat bagaimana pemetaan posisi kecamatan-kecamatan yang ada di Kota Manado yang akan disesuaikan dengan usaha- usaha pariwisata yang ada di Kota Manado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 276, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purwanto et al. (2015), Gobel et al .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 289, "width": 206, "height": 123, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2013), Mamangkey et al . (2013), telah melaksanakan penelitian menggunakan analisis biplot tentang pemetaan SMA/SMK di kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara berdasarkan empat indikator standar nasional pendidikan, analisis karakteristik kualitas pengajar berdasarkan faktor mutu pelayanan di jurusan matematika FMIPA UNSRAT dan analisis pola pengeluaran rumah tangga di kabupaten Sangihe, Talaud dan Sitaro.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 415, "width": 177, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kusuma et al . (2016) dan Barus et al .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 428, "width": 206, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2013) telah melaksanakan penelitian tentang aplikasi analisis korespondensi untuk melihat karakteristik usaha pariwisata di provinsi Bali. Srinadi et al . (2016) juga telah melaksanakan penelitian sebelumnya tentang analisis biplot terhadap pemetaan posisi dan karakteristik usaha pariwisata, namun objek yang digunakan adalah provinsi Bali.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 529, "width": 206, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejauh ini belum ditemukan penelitian tentang pemetaan posisi dan karakteristik usaha pariwisata di Kota Manado, Tujuan penelitian ini, yaitu memetakan dan menggelompokkan karakteristik usaha pariwisata di Kota Manado dengan menggunakan analisis biplot.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 633, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 652, "width": 205, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Statistika Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT dan di tempat tinggal peneliti dan telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2019 sampai bulan April 2020. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder yakni data jumlah usaha pariwisata tahun 2019 yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pariwisata dan Kebudayaan Kota", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 73, "width": 205, "height": 36, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manado. Objek penelitian adalah seluruh kecamatan yang ada di kota Manado yang disajikan pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 111, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Kecamatan-Kecamatan yang Ada di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 336, "top": 124, "width": 195, "height": 123, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kota Manado No Kecamatan No Kecamatan 1 Kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) 7 Kecamatan Singkil ( Si ) 2 Kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan ( BK ) 8 Kecamatan Tikala ( Ti ) 3 Kecamatan Malalayang ( Mal ) 9 Kecamatan Tuminting ( Tu ) 4 Kecamatan Mapanget ( Map ) 10 Kecamatan Wanea ( Wa ) 5 Kecamatan Paal Dua ( PD ) 11 Kecamatan Wenang ( We ) 6 Kecamatan Sario ( Sa )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 251, "width": 206, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peubah-peubah yang diamati adalah peubah usaha pariwisata berdasarkan undang- undang RI Nomor 10 tahun 2009 tentang kepariwisataan yang disesuaikan dengan keadaan Kota Manado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 314, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode analisis yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 343, "width": 208, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Data asal dianalisis dengan statistika deskriptif untuk mengetahui gambaran data secara umum menggunakan software pengolah angka. Dalam hal ini faktor usaha pariwisata adalah daya tarik wisata, jasa perjalanan wisata, jasa makanan dan minuman, penyediaan akomodasi, penyelenggaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi, penyelenggaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran, wisata tirta dan spa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 485, "width": 203, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Melakukan analisis biplot dengan langkah- langkah sebagai berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 511, "width": 156, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Pemasukan data (matriks data X)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 527, "width": 191, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Penguraian matriks X yang telah distandarisasi dengan SVD", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 555, "width": 191, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Plot matriks G dan H secara tumpang tindih", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 601, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 623, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Deskripsi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 637, "width": 206, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skor yang merupakan jumlah dari usaha-usaha pariwisata yang ada di kecamatan-kecamatan yang ada di Kota Manado disajikan dalam Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 41, "width": 367, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mandagi, Hatidja & Mananohas: Pemetaan dan Pengelompokan Karakteristik ……… 87", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 73, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Skor Usaha Pariwisata di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 86, "width": 180, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kecamatan-Kecamatan di Kota Manado Kec Usaha Pariwisata", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 116, "width": 159, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑋 1 𝑋 2 𝑋 3 𝑋 4 𝑋 5 𝑋 6 𝑋 7 𝑋 8 𝑋 9", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 105, "top": 134, "width": 188, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B 2 0 0 1 9 0 0 1 0 BK 0 4 0 1 37 0 0 24 0 Mal 2 1 20 61 17 9 1 1 5 Map 1 0 24 50 3 12 0 0 0 PD 2 0 15 21 1 7 1 0 0 Sa 2 0 23 108 13 18 0 0 15 Si 1 0 4 7 5 1 0 0 0 Ti 0 0 6 15 6 17 0 0 1 Tu 1 0 6 28 3 0 0 1 0 Wa 1 0 41 54 22 14 1 0 4 We 12 4 51 214 41 35 6 0 13", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 309, "width": 206, "height": 152, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2, skor/jumlah usaha pariwisata kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) pada daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) adalah 2, artinya terdapat 2 daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) pada kecamatan Bunaken. Untuk skor/jumlah usaha pariwisata kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) pada Jasa Makanan dan Minuman ( 𝑋 4 ) adalah 1, Penyediaan Akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ) adalah 9 dan Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ) adalah 1. Sedangkan untuk skor/jumlah usaha pariwisata kecamatan Bunaken ( B ) pada Kawasan Pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ), Jasa Perjalanan Wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), Penyelenggaraan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 462, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan Hiburan dan Rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 476, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyelenggaraan Pertemuan, Perjalanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 487, "width": 206, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Insentif, Konferensi, dan Pameran ( 𝑋 7 ) dan SPA ( 𝑋 9 ) adalah 0 artinya tidak terdapat usaha-usaha pariwisata ini pada kecamatan Bunaken ( B ). Penjelasan yang serupa untuk kecamatan-kecamatan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 555, "width": 206, "height": 200, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Biplot Menurut Mattjik et al. (2004), empat hal penting yang dapat dilihat pada biplot, yaitu: 1. Hubungan (korelasi) antar peubah, dengan menggunakan biplot peubah akan digambarkan sebagai garis berarah. Dua peubah yang memiliki korelasi positif tinggi akan digambarkan sebagai dua buah garis dengan arah yang sama, atau membentuk sudut yang sempit. Apabila dua peubah yang memiliki korelasi negatif tinggi akan digambarkan dalam bentuk dua garis yang arahnya berlawanan, atau membentuk sudut yang lebar (tumpul). Sedangkan dua buah peubah yang tidak berkorelasi akan digambarkan dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 71, "width": 188, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bentuk dua garis yang mendekati 90⁰ (siku- siku).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 99, "width": 206, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Keragaman peubah, informasi ini digunakan untuk melihat apakah ada peubah tertentu yang nilainya hampir sama setiap objek ada yang sama besar dan ada juga yang sangat kecil. Dengan informasi ini, bisa diperkirakan pada peubah mana strategi tertentu harus ditingkatkan, serta sebaliknya. Dalam biplot, peubah dengan keragaman kecil digambarkan dengan vektor yang pendek, sedangkan peubah yang ragamnya besar digambarkan sebagai vektor yang panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 251, "width": 206, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kedekatan antar objek, informasi ini bisa dijadikan panduan objek mana yang memiliki kemiripan karakteristik dengan objek tertentu. Dalam biplot, dua objek dengan karakteristik sama akan digambarkan sebagai dua titik yang posisinya berdekatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 339, "width": 206, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Nilai peubah pada suatu objek, informasi ini digunakan untuk melihat keunggulan dari setiap objek. Objek yang terletak searah dengan arah dari suatu peubah dikatakan bahwa pada objek tersebut nilainya diatas rata-rata. Sebaliknya jika objek terletak berlawanan dengan arah dari peubah tersebut, maka objek tersebut memiliki nilai di bawah rata-rata. Objek yang hampir ada di tengah-tengah, memiliki nilai dekat dengan rata-rata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 478, "width": 208, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam percobaan multi-lingkungan (multienvironment trial) seperti pada industri pariwisata, seringkali sulit untuk mengetahui pola (pattern) interaksi perlakuan dengan lingkungan tanpa bantuan tampilan grafis dari data (Yan et al ., 2001; Dehghani et al ., 2006). Analisis biplot diperoleh dengan penguraian nilai singular suatu matriks (Singular Value Decompotion, SVD). Suatu matriks X(nxp) yang berpangkat r dikoreksi terhadap nilai rataannya, maka matriks tersebut dapat dituliskan menjadi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 628, "width": 206, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑋 = 𝑈 𝐿 𝐴 ′ . . . . . . . . . . . … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1) dengan matriks 𝑈 dan 𝐴 masing-masing berukuran (𝑛 𝑥 𝑟) dan (𝑝 𝑥 𝑟) sehingga 𝑈′𝑈 = 𝐴′𝐴 = I .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 682, "width": 205, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Jolliffe (1986), dengan menggunakan metode penguraian nilai singular matrik X akan diperoleh:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 720, "width": 205, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X’X = (GH’)’ (GH’) = HG’ GH’ = HU’ UH’", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 736, "width": 182, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= HH’ ………………………………(2)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 754, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 41, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88 Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 71, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "X’X = (GH’) (GH’)’ = GH’ HG’ = GA’ AG’ = GG’ ……………………………… (3) Korelasi antara peubah ke- 𝑗 dan peubah ke- 𝑘 ditunjukkan oleh kosinus antara vektor ℎ 𝑗 dan ℎ 𝑘 serta jarak euclid antara 𝑔 ℎ dan 𝑔 𝑖 akan sama dengan jarak euclid 𝑥 ℎ dan 𝑥 𝑖 Plot antara 9 peubah usaha pariwisata (Daya tarik wisata, kawasan pariwisata, jasa perjalanan wisata, jasa makanan dan minuman, penyediaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 196, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akomodasi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 208, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 221, "width": 205, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran, wisata tirta dan SPA) dan objek pengamatan (11 kecamatan di kota Manado) disajikan pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 489, "width": 205, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Plot Antara 9 Peubah dan 11", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 128, "top": 502, "width": 176, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Objek Pengamatan Berdasarkan Gambar 1, dapat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 527, "width": 206, "height": 241, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dijelaskan bahwa korelasi positif antar peubah terjadi pada peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ) karena kedua peubah tersebut memiliki arah yang sama dan sudut yang lancip. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin bertambahnya jasa perjalanan wisata yang ada di kecamatan-kecamatan di kota Manado, semakin bertambah pula penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi yang ada di kecamatan-kecamatan di kota Manado, begitu pula sebaliknya. Selain itu, korelasi positif juga ditunjukkan oleh peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ) dan peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ), juga peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ) dan peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 73, "width": 206, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedekatan antar objek dapat ditunjukkan oleh kecamatan Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6) karena jarak ketiga objek terletak berdekatan. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa karakteristik ketiga objek tersebut relatif sama. Sama halnya dengan kecamatan Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4) yang jarak objeknya juga berdekatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 187, "width": 206, "height": 126, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keragaman yang besar terjadi pada peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ) karena memiliki vektor yang panjang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kota Manado memiliki jasa makanan dan minuman yang sangat bervariasi di masing-masing kecamatannya. Adapun peubah lainnya yang juga memiliki keragaman besar adalah peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ), peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ), dan peubah wisata tirta ( 𝑋 8 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 315, "width": 206, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan keragaman kecil ada pada peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ) , karena memiliki vektor yang paling pendek. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha pariwisata SPA yang ada di Kota Manado relatif sama antar kecamatan- kecamatan yang ada. Adapun peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ) juga mempunyai vektor yang pendek dibandingkan dengan vektor peubah yang lain .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 429, "width": 206, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun objek-objek yang memiliki keunggulan terhadap peubah dapat dilihat pada kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan(2) yang memiliki usaha pariwisata paling dominan dalam hal wisata tirta ( 𝑋 8 ) , karena vektor dari peubah tersebut searah dengan kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan(2). Selain itu juga dapat dilihat bahwa, kecamatan Wenang(11) memiliki usaha pariwisata paling dominan dalam hal penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 581, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari gambar 1 di atas juga dapat dilihat terjadi pengelompokkan baik antar objek maupun antar peubah. Untuk pengelompokan objek dapat dilihat ada 4 kelompok objek yang terbentuk yaitu kelompok Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6), kelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 657, "width": 206, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4), kelompok Bunaken Kepulauan(2) dan kelompok Wenang(11). Untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 708, "width": 206, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengelompokkan peubah dapat dilihat ada 3 kelompok peubah yang terbentuk yaitu kelompok peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ), peubah jasa makanan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 41, "width": 367, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mandagi, Hatidja & Mananohas: Pemetaan dan Pengelompokan Karakteristik ……… 89", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 72, "width": 206, "height": 611, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "minuman ( 𝑋 4 ), peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ), kelompok peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ) dan peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ), dan kelompok peubah Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ). Kelompok objek yang pertama, kelompok Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6) terletak hampir ditengah kelompok peubah peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ). peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ), peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ), artinya kelompok objek Malalayang(3), Wanea(10), dan Sario(6) memiliki nilai yang mendekati rata-rata pada kelompok peubah tersebut. Kelompok objek yang kedua, kelompok Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4), terletak berlawanan arah dari semua vektor peubah yang ada, artinya kelompok Bunaken(1), Singkil(7), Tuminting(9), Tikala(8), Paal Dua(5), dan Mapanget(4) memiliki nilai hampir di bawah rata-rata dari keseluruhan peubah yang ada. Kelompok objek yang ketiga, kelompok Bunaken Kepulauan(2), terletak searah dengan kelompok peubah Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ), artinya kelompok Bunaken Kepulauan(2) memiliki nilai di atas rata-rata untuk kelompok peubah Wisata Tirta ( 𝑋 8 ), tapi nilainya untuk kelompok peubah lainnya jauh di bawah dari nilai rata-rata. Kelompok objek keempat, kelompok Wenang(11) terletak searah dengan kelompok peubah peubah jasa perjalanan wisata ( 𝑋 3 ), peubah penyelengaraan kegiatan hiburan dan rekreasi ( 𝑋 6 ). peubah jasa makanan dan minuman ( 𝑋 4 ), peubah SPA ( 𝑋 9 ), peubah daya tarik wisata ( 𝑋 1 ) dan peubah penyelengaraan pertemuan, perjalanan insentif, konferensi, dan pameran ( 𝑋 7 ) dan kelompok peubah kawasan pariwisata ( 𝑋 2 ) dan peubah penyediaan akomodasi ( 𝑋 5 ), yang artinya kelompok Wenang(11) memiliki nilai di atas rata-rata dari peubah-peubah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 686, "width": 206, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keakuratan biplot dalam menerangkan tingkat keragaman dari matriks data asal dirumuskan sebagai berikut (Everit, 1978):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 725, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝜌 2 = (𝜆 1 +𝜆 2 ) ∑ 𝜆 𝑘 𝑝 𝑘=1 ……………………………...(4)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 330, "top": 72, "width": 206, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dimana, 𝜆 1 = akar ciri terbesar pertama; 𝜆 2 = akar ciri terbesar kedua; 𝜆 𝑘 = akar ciri terbesar ke-k; 𝜌 2 = tingkat keakuratan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 112, "width": 206, "height": 150, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis biplot, diperoleh akar ciri terbesar pertama 𝜆 1 = 4.356407e+03 dan akar ciri terbesar kedua 𝜆 2 = 1.733897e+02. Dari persamaan (4), diperoleh nilai ρ 2 =0,9751 (97,51. Hal ini berarti bahwa keragaman yang dapat diterangkan biplot adalah sebesar 97.51% dari keragaman data yang sebenarnya. Ini menunjukkan bahwa interpretasi biplot yang dihasilkan mampu menerangkan dengan baik hubungan antara peubah usaha pariwisata dan kecamatan-kecamatan di Kota Manado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 279, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 298, "width": 206, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat 4 kelompok kecamatan dan 3 kelompok usaha pariwisata yang terbentuk. Kelompok kecamatan yang pertama, kelompok Malalayang, Wanea, dan Sario memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang cukup pada hampir keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada. Tapi masih perlu diperhatikan untuk usaha pariwisata Kawasan Pariwisata,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 399, "width": 205, "height": 225, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penyediaan Akomodasi, dan Wisata Tirta. Kelompok kecamatan yang kedua, kelompok Bunaken, Singkil, Tuminting, Tikala, Paal Dua, dan Mapanget, merupakan kelompok kecamatan yang butuh banyak perhatian untuk dikembangkan lagi dikarenakan masih banyak kecamatan yang jumlah usaha pariwisatanya masih kurang bahkan tidak ada di kecamatan- kecamatan ini. Kelompok kecamatan yang ketiga, kecamatan Bunaken Kepulauan memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang paling unggul untuk usaha pariwisata Wisata Tirta, tapi untuk kelompok usaha pariwisata lainnya masih perlu dikembangkan lagi. Kelompok kecamatan yang keempat, kecamatan Wenang memiliki jumlah usaha pariwisata yang unggul pada keseluruhan usaha pariwisata yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 639, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 658, "width": 208, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Barus, N.S., Kencana, I.P. & Sukarsa K.G. 2013. Pengelompokkan kabupaten di provinsi bali berdasarkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 359, "top": 696, "width": 177, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perkembangan fasilitas pariwisata. Jurnal Matematika , 2: 53–58.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 41, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "90 Jurnal Ilmiah Sains Vol. 21 No. 1, April 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 73, "width": 206, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dehghani, H., Ebadi, A. & Yousefi, A. 2006. Biplot analysis of genotype by environment interaction for barley yield in Iran. Agronomy Journal , 98: 388– 393.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 137, "width": 208, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Everit, B. 1978. Graphical Techniques for Multivariate Data . Heinermann Educational Books. Gobel, T.V., Hatidja, D. & Komalig, H. 2013. Karakteristik Kualitas Pengajar Berdasarkan Faktor Mutu Pelayanan di Jurusan Matematika FMIPA UNSRAT ,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 225, "width": 206, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online , 2(1) : 29–33. Jolliffe I.T. 2002. Principal Component Analysis, Second Edition”, Encyclopedia of Statistics in Behavioral Science. Springer-Verlag, New York.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 301, "width": 206, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kusuma, A., Srinadi, I.G.A.M. & Sari, K. 2016. Aplikasi Analisis Korespondensi untuk Melihat Karakteristik Usaha Pariwisata di Provinsi Bali , E-Jurnal Matematika , 5(1): 76–81.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 364, "width": 208, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mamangkey, A., Prang. J.D. & Hatidja D. 2013. Pola Pengeluaran Rumah Tangga di Kabupaten Sangihe, Talaud dan Sitaro Menggunakan Analisis Biplot , Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online , 2(1): 34–39.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 73, "width": 209, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mattjik, A.A., Sumertajaya, M., Wijayanto, H., Indahwati, A.K. & Sartono, B. 2004. Modul Teori Pelatihan Analisis Multivariat., Departemen Statistika", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 124, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FMIPA IPB Bogor.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 137, "width": 208, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purwanto, C., Hatidja, D. & Paendong, M.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 149, "width": 177, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2015. Pemetaan SMA/SMK di Kabupaten Minahasa Tenggara Berdasarkan Empat Indikator Standar Nasional Pendidikan Dengan Menggunakan Analisis Biplot. Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 359, "top": 213, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "De Cartesian , 4(1): 34–41.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 225, "width": 206, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Srinadi, I.G.A.M. & Sumarjaya, I.W. 2016. Analisis Biplot untuk Pemetaan Posisi dan Karakteristik Usaha Pariwisata di Provinsi Bali. Jurnal Matematika , 6:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 276, "width": 206, "height": 111, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34–45. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kepariwisataan. Yan, W. 2001. GGEbiplot - A windows application for graphical analysis of multienvironment trial data and other types of two-way data. Agronomy Journal , 93: 1111–1118.", "type": "Table" } ]

d07b2751-d57f-4df0-3b91-3c54290f773c

http://jab.stikba.ac.id/index.php/jab/article/download/23/25

[ { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 125, "top": 116, "width": 377, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENERAPAN KOMUNIKASI TERAPEUTIK OLEH PERAWAT PADA PASIEN DI RUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 249, "top": 194, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani 1 , Armina 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 209, "width": 224, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi S1 Keperawatan STIKBA Jambi 1,2) E Mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 260, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 285, "width": 400, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Background : From the preliminary study it was found that many nurses did not carry out therapeutic communication properly in accordance with the procedure. The purpose of this study is to obtain a description of the application of therapeutic communication and the knowledge of the application of therapeutic communication by the nurse and to know the factors related to the application of therapeutic communication by the nurses in the patient in the inpatient ward of Raden Mattaher General Hospital in Jambi in 2016. Method : This research was conducted at General Hospital of Raden Mattaher Jambi about Factors Associated With Application Of Therapeutic Communication By Nurse In Patient In The Inpatient Room of Raden Mattaher General Hospital Jambi from 27 February to 4 March 2016 with respondents 72 people The study design was cross sectional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 425, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Result : From the research, the high therapeutic communication is not good. From the result of statistical test by using chi-square analysis with P <0,05, there is a correlation between the application of therapeutic communication with education, work period, education, attitude and gender. Efforts can be made to improve the application of good therapeutic communication can be done by improving higher education, increasing nurse knowledge about therapeutic communication, improvement of work period, nurse can do good attitude in applying therapeutic communication and nurse woman can apply therapeutic communication with Both in the patient.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 526, "width": 352, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : education, employment, knowledge, attitude, gender, application of therapeutic communication", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 576, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 600, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Undang-undang kesehatan nomor 36 tahun 2009, menyatakan bahwa untuk mewujudkan derajat kesehatan yang setinggi-tingginya bagi masyarakat, diselenggarakan upaya kesehatan yang terpadu dan menyeluruh dalam bentuk upaya kesehatan perorangan dan upaya kesehatan masyarakat. Pelayanan kesehatan perorangan ditujukan untuk menyembuhkan penyakit dan memulihkan kesehatan perseorangan dan keluarga. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pelayanan kesehatan yang dilaksanakan secara bertanggung jawab, aman, bermutu serta merata (UU RI No.36,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 652, "width": 183, "height": 99, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2009). Pelayanan keperawatan merupakan bagian dari sisitem pelayanan kesehatan. Dalam pelayanan keperawatan, perawat menerapkan komunikasi yang terapeutik kepada pasien. Hubungan perawat dan pasien adalah hal penting dalam pelayanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keperawatan. Dengan demikian diharapkan perawat mampu mempertanggungjawabkan hubungan terapeutik dengan pasien. Dimana perawat adalah orang yang paling dekat dan seharusnya memahami masalah pasien secara komprehensif sehingga pelayanan kesehatan akan dilakukan secara menyeluruh. Perawat yang memiliki keterampilan berkomunikasi secara terapeutik tidak saja akan mudah menjalin hubungan rasa percaya dengan klien, mencegah terjadinya masalah legal, memberikan kepuasan professional dalam pelayanan keperawatan dan meningkatkan citra rumah sakit, tetapi yang paling penting telah mengamalkan ilmunya untuk sesama manusia ( Wulan dan Hastuti,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 356, "width": 184, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2011). Komunikasi terapeutik merupakan alat yang ampuh dan keterampilan keperawatan yang penting yang dapat mempengaruhi hal lain serta mencapai hasil kesehatan positif (Potter dan Perry, 2009). Semua tingkah laku merupakan komunikasi (verbal dan nonverbal) dan semua komunikasi mempengaruhi tingkah laku sehingga komunikasi pada dasarnya dapat merupakan suatu alat untuk memfasilitasi hubungan terapeutik (Nurianah, 2005).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 533, "width": 184, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komunikasi pada hakikatnya adalah suatu proses sosial. Sebagai proses sosial, dalam komunikasi selain terjadi hubungan antar manusia juga terjadi interaksi saling mempengaruhi . Dengan kata lain komunikasi adalah inti dari semua hubungan sosial. Apabila dua orang atau lebih telah mengadakan hubungan sosial, maka sistem komunikasi yang mereka lakukan akan menentukan apakah sistem tersebut dapat mempererat atau meregangkan hubungan, menurunkan atau menambah ketegangan serta menambah kepercayaan atau menguranginya (Suryani, 2006).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hubungan perawat - pasien yang terapeutik adalah pengalaman belajar bersama dan pengalaman perbaikan emosi bagi pasien. Dalam hal ini, perawat memakai dirinya secara terapeutik dan memakai berbagai teknik komunikasi agar perilaku pasien berubah kearah positif seoptimal mungkin. Agar perawat dapat berperan efektif dan terapeutik, ia harus menganalisa dirinya seperti kesadaran diri, klasifikasi nilai, perasaan, kemampuan sebagai role model . Seluruh perilaku pesan yang disampaikan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 293, "width": 183, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perawat (verbal atau non verbal) hendaknya bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasien (Keliat, 2003).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 331, "width": 183, "height": 288, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Abraham dan Shanley (1997),menemukan bahwa percakapan perawat - pasien cenderung pendek dan cenderung pada penampilan tugas perawat dari pada eksplorasi keyakinan dan kecemasan pasien, misalnya perawat bicara lebih dari dua kali bicara pasien dan kurang memfokuskan kondisi pasien dan menjawab pertanyaan pasien yang berkaitan dengan prognosis dan tindakan. Clark juga menemukan perawat sering menggunakan pertanyaan yang hanya membutuhkan jawaban “ya” dan “tidak” atau memberikan pertanyaan yang menyarankan suatu respon tertentu. Komunikasi seperti itu membatasi kesempatan pasien untuk memperluas percakapan atau menyatakan permasalahan pasien sendiri. Menurut Penelitian Lasmaria (2006), tentang hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap perawat dengan penerapan Komunikasi terapeutik di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 622, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumah Sakit Umum Raden Mattaher Jambi. Hasil Penelitian ini menunjukkan ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan signiikasi (P < 0,05) dan ada hubungan antara sikap dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan signifikasi (P < 0,05). Kalau komunikasi terapeutik tidak digunakan sebagaimana mestinya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maka perawatan pada pasien belum tercapai secara maksimal. Apalagi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi merupakan Rumah Sakit terbesar dan pusat rujukan di Provinsi Jambi, oleh karena itu diperlukan pelayanan kesehatan yang bermutu, dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan pasien, perawat dapat memenuhi pelayanan yang baik dengan menerapkan hubungan terapeutik antar perawat - pasien.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 183, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi mempunyai 16 ruang rawat inap dan jumlah seluruh perawatnya 297 orang. Dalam setiap ruangan terdiri dari beberapa orang perawat, diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 162, "height": 240, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Ruang Jumlah Perawat 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 THT Teratai Jamsostek NH Bedah Pinang Masak Mayang Mangurai Jantung PRT Anak Kebidanan Saraf Paru Interne Gapkindo Icu 12 11 13 13 28 15 18 16 22 20 33 13 13 32 15 23 Total 297 Sumber : Data Primer 2015", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 611, "width": 184, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari observasi yang peneliti lakukan selama praktek di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Raden Mattaher Jambi, peneliti melihat perawat hanya menjelaskan sedikit tentang prosedur atau intervensi keperawatan sehingga pasien tidak tahu tentang masalah kesehatannya, bila hal ini dibiarkan akan membuat pasien merasa khawatir terhadap prosedur tindakan yang akan dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada wawancara yang dilakukan peneliti pada bulan November 2016 dengan 10 pasien di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Raden Mattaher Jambi, peneliti menemukan 10 orang pasien mengatakan bahwa sebagian perawat dalam melakukan interaksi komunikasi dengan pasien kurang baik. Perawat hanya sekedar saja dalam berkomunikasi dengan pasien.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 242, "width": 179, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan fenomena di atas, penulis merasa tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang “faktor- faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik pada pasien di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 318, "width": 179, "height": 150, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2013”. Pertimbangan memilih komunikasi terapeutik adalah karena komunikasi terapeutik sangat penting dalam asuhan keperawatan dan dapat membantu pasien dalam mempercepat proses penyembuhan. Peneliti juga ingin mengetahui bagaimana penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Rumah Sakit dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 483, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 508, "width": 183, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 533, "width": 183, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Raden Mattaher Jambi karena merupakan Rumah Sakit terbesar dan pusat rujukan di Provinsi Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 571, "width": 183, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik oleh perawat pada pasien di ruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016. Yang menjadi populasi adalah seluruh perawat di 16 ruang rawat inap yang berjumlah 297, dengan menggunakan tehnik sampel proportional random sampling , jumlah sampel 72 orang Bentuk penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cross sectional . Peneliti mendapatkan data dengan cara wawancara dan membagikan kuesioner ke semua sampel penelitian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 27 Februari-4 Maret tahun 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 204, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 229, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisa Univariat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 184, "height": 291, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis univariat digunakan untuk melihat hubungan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase masing-masing variabel penelitian. 1. Gambaran Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Tabel 1 Distribusi Responden Menurut Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jml Persentase 1. Kurang Baik 42 58.3 % 2. Baik 30 41.7 % Jumlah 72 100 % Dari tabel 1 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 42 responden (58,3 %)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 534, "width": 184, "height": 213, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penerapan komunikasi terapeutik kurang baik. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa perawat kurang menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedur yang seharusnya dilakukan. Dari ke empat tahap penerapan komunikasi terapeutik, ternyata perawat dalam penerapan komunikasi terapeutik ada yang tidak melaksanakan tahap terminasi. Yang seharusnya pada tahap penerapan komunikasi terapeutik perawat menyimpulkan hasil wawancara, memberikan reinforcement positif, merencanakan tindak lanjut pasien, melaksanakan kontrak waktu lebih lanjut dan mengakhiri wawancara dengan cara yang baik. Hal ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 326, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikarenakan perawat kurang banyak waktu dalam melakukan komunikasi terapeutik denngan pasien, karena perawat banyak menghabiskan waktu untuk melaksanakan yang bukan tugas perawat, salah satu nya adalah mengambil sampel darah dan tindakan yang lainnya. Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan pendapat Wulan dan Hastuti (2001) yang menerangkan bahwa hubungan perawat dan pasien adalah hal penting dalam pelayanan keperawatan. Dengan demikian diharapkan perawat mampu mempertanggungjawabkan hubungan terapeutik dengan pasien. Perawat yang memiliki keterampilan berkomunikasi secara terapeutik tidak saja akan mudah menjalin hubungan rasa percaya dengan klien, mencegah terjadinya masalah legal, memberikan kepuasan professional dalam pelayanan keperawatan dan meningkatkan citra rumah sakit, tetapi yang paling penting telah mengamalkan ilmunya untuk sesama manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 458, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Gambaran Pendidikan Perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 470, "width": 183, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Distribusi Responden Menurut Pendidikan Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pendidikan Perawat Jml Persentase 1. D3Keperawatan 66 91.7 % 2. S1 Keperawatan 6 8.3 % Jumlah 72 100 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 677, "width": 183, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel 2 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 66 responden (91,7 %) pendidikan perawat D3 dan 6 responden (8,3 %) perawat berpendidikan S1 Keperawatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian di atas menggambarkan bahwa banyaknya perawat yang berpendidikan D3 Keperawatan dibandingkan dengan S1 Keperawatan. Untuk itu diharapkan agar perawat dapat melanjutkan pendidikan yang lebih tinggi lagi guna mendapatkan pengetahuan yang lebih tinggi atau lanjut.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 240, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Gambaran Masa Kerja Perawat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 183, "height": 214, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 Distribusi Responden Menurut Masa Kerja Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Masa Kerja Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Baru 29 40.3 % 2. Lama 43 59.7 % Jumlah 72 100 % Dari tabel 3 bahwa sebanyak 29 responden (40,3 %) masa kerja perawat baru dan 43 responden (59,7 %) masa kerja perawat lama.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 184, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian di atas menggambarkan bahwa masa kerja perawat lama lebih banyak dari pada kerja perwat baru. Hal ini dikarenakan masih banyaknya perawat-perawat yang sudah lama bekerja di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 569, "width": 184, "height": 163, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Gambaran Pengetahuan Perawat Tabel 4 Distribusi Responden Menurut Pengetahuan Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pengetahuan Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Rendah 40 55.6 % 2. Tinggi 32 44.4 % Jumlah 72 100 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 183, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel 4 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 40 responden (55,6 %) pengetahuan perawat rendah dan 32 responden (44,4 %) perawat memiliki pengetahuan tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 189, "width": 186, "height": 301, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian diatas didapatkan pengetahuan perawat yang rendah tinggi. Hal ini jika dilihat dari 15 pertanyaan tentang pengetahuan komunikasi terapeutik ternyata perawat banyak yang tidak mengetahui tentang tahap-tahap dalam pelaksanaan komunikasi terapeutik dan tehnik komunikasi terapeutik. Yang seharusnya perawat mengetahui bagaimana cara pelaksanaan komunikasi terapeutik dan tehnik komunikasi terapeutik. Hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pengetahuan perawat tentang komunikasi terapeutik. Untuk itu agar perawat dapat melaksanakan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedurnya, perawat dapat menambah pengetahuan tentang komunikasi terapeutik dengan cara lebih sering membaca buku ataupun mencari informasi melalui internet serta perawat dapat mengikuti pelatihan- pelatihan ataupun seminar untuk menambah pengetahuan perawat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 503, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Gambaran Sikap Perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 516, "width": 183, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5 Distribusi Responden Menurut Sikap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 541, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 554, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 566, "width": 183, "height": 190, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Sikap Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Kurang Baik 36 50,0 % 2. Baik 36 50,0 % Jumlah 72 100 % Dari tabel 5 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 36 responden (50,0 %) perawat menunjukkan sikap negatif dan 36 responden (50,0 %) perawat memiliki sikap positif. Dari ke empat sikap perawat dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik kurang baik ternyata perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kurang menampilkan sikap empati. Yang seharusnya perawat dapat mendengarkan apa yang disampaikan oleh pasien, menyampaikan respon empati seperti keakuratan, kejelasan pada penyakit pasien. Hal ini dikarenakan perawat hanya sekedarnya melakukan komunikasi terapeutik, karena perawat banyak menghabiskan waktu untuk melakukan tugas yang bukan seharusnya dilakukan oleh perawat. Untuk itu seharusnya ada kebijakan dari Rumah Sakit tentang penetapan tugas yang seharusnya dilakukan sesuai dengan profesinya masing-masing.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 331, "width": 170, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Gambaran Jenis Kelamin Perawat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 263, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6 Distribusi Responden Menurut Jenis Kelamin Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Jenis Kelamin Perawat Jumlah Persentase 1. Perempuan 51 70.8 % 2. Laki-laki 21 29.2 % Dari tabel 6 terlihat bahwa sebanyak 51 responden (70,8 %) perawat jenis kelamin perempuan dan 21 responden (29,2 %) perawat jenis kelamin laki-laki.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 282, "width": 183, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian di atas menggambarkan bahwa banyaknya perawat perempuan dibandingkan dengan perawat laki-laki. Hal ini karena kurang minatnya jenis kelamin laki-laki yang masuk ke pendidikan perawat, karena laki-laki kurang mau merawat seseorang.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 396, "width": 112, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANALISIS BIVARIAT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 294, "top": 422, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 434, "width": 388, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Pendidikan Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 447, "width": 401, "height": 291, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pendidikan Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95 % CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. D3 Keperawatan 42 63,6 24 36,4 66 100 0,364 (0,264 - 0,500) 0,009 Hasil analisis pada tabel 7 menunjukkan bahwa dari 66 responden berpendidikan D3 keperawatan sebanyak 42 perawat (63,6 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dan 24 perawat (36,4 %) penerapan komuniikasi terapeutiknya baik, selanjutnya dari 6 responden yang S1 keperawatan seluruhnya dapat menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik dengan baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 626, "width": 179, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pendidikan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 334, "top": 677, "width": 179, "height": 73, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa perawat yang pendidikan tinggi dapat menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik dengan baik dibandingkan dengan perawat yang pendidikan rendah. Hal ini di", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 116, "width": 395, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "karenakan perawat yang pendidikan tinggi dapat melaksanakan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedur yang sebenarnya dan juga perawat yang pendidikan tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 129, "width": 179, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempunyai pengetahuan yang tinggi pula tentang komunikasi terapeutik .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 170, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Masa Kerja Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 195, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 148, "top": 218, "width": 332, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Masa Kerja Perawat dengan Penerapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 230, "width": 287, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komunikasi Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 175, "top": 243, "width": 241, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 269, "width": 406, "height": 241, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Masa Kerja Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95 % CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Baru 23 79,4 6 20,6 29 100 4,842 (1,642- 14,279) 0,007 2. Lama 19 44,2 24 55,8 43 100 Total 42 58,3 30 41,7 72 100 Hasil analisis pada tabel 8 menunjukkan bahwa dari 26 responden yang masa kerja perawat baru sebanyak 23 perawat (79,4 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dan 6 perawat (20,6 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya baik, selanjutnya dari 43 responden yang masa kerja perawat lama sebanyak 19 perawat (44,2 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dan 24 perawat (55,8 %) penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya baik. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 437, "width": 211, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,007 (P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara masa kerja dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 525, "width": 399, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 294, "top": 551, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 573, "width": 395, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Pengetahuan Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 586, "width": 400, "height": 165, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Pengetahuan Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95% CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Rendah 28 70 12 30 40 100 3,000 (1,135- 7,931) 0,045 2. Tinggi 14 43,7 18 56,3 32 100 Total 42 58,3 30 41,7 72 100 Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,045 (P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 187, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian diketahui pengetahuan perawat rendah dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik juga rendah dan pengetahuan perawat tinggi dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik tinggi. Hal ini dikarenakan pengetahuan perawat tinggi dapat mengetahui tentang konsep komunikasi terapeutik dan melaksanakan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan prosedurnya, sedangkan pengetahuan perawat yang rendah ada yang tidak mengetahui tentang konsep komunikasi terapeutik tidak sesuai dengan prosedurnya. Untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi, maka cara yang baik dilakukan adalah dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 167, "width": 183, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan penyuluhan. Penyuluhan tersebut ditujukan untuk bimbingan dan meningkatkan pengetahuan perawat, hal ini dapat dilakukan berupa pelatihan- pelatihan, seminar, diskusi kelompok dan penyebaran leaflet. Dalam melakukan hal tersebut hendaknya dilakukan oleh perawat yang lebih memahami tentang komunikasi terapeutik agar dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan keperawatan yang lebih baik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 331, "width": 400, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Sikap Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 357, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 10", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 151, "top": 379, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Sikap Perawat dengan Penerapan Komunikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 392, "width": 417, "height": 288, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Sikap Perawat Penerapan Komuniikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95% CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Kurang Baik 26 70,3 11 29,7 37 100 2,503 (0,951- 6,586) 0,019 2. Baik 14 40 21 60 35 100 Total 40 55,6 32 44,4 72 100 Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,019 (P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 607, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitan ini diketahui sebagian besar responden mempunyai sikap kurang baik perawat dalam penerapan komunikasi terapeuti. Hal ini dikarenakan perawat dalam menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik dapat menunjukkan sikap perawat baik yang sesuai dengan prosedurnya. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan pengetahuan responden dimana pengetahuan rendah lebih banyak dari pada yang berpengetahuan tinggi, sesuai dengan teori bahwa salah satu faktor yang menentukan pengetahuan. Pengetahuan yang baik akan menghasilkan sikap yang baik pula, demikian sebaliknya (Notoadmodjo,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 746, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2007). Dalam hal ini merubah sikap", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "responden dari sikap yanng kurang baik supaya menjadi sikap yang baik haruslah dimulai dari peningkatan responden dibidang komunikasi terapeutik. Untuk itu peningkatan pengetahuan dilakukan dengan pendekatan pada perawat pelaksana, pendekatan ini dimulai dari satu perawat pelaksana kemudian kepada perawat pelaksana yang lain demikian seterusnya, sehingga perubahan yang diharapkan dapat dimulai dari satu perawat pelaksana yang sudah bersikap baik untuk mengajak perawat yang lainnya bersikap dan berperilaku yang baik dalam berkomunikasi terapeutik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 230, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Distribusi Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 255, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 278, "width": 417, "height": 275, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Distribusi Hubungan Antara Jenis Kelamin dengan Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi tahun 2016 No Jenis Kelamin Perawat Penerapan Komunikasi Terapeutik Jumlah OR 95% CI P- Value Kurang Baik Baik Jml % Jml % Jml % 1. Laki-Laki 7 33 14 67 21 100 0,229 (0,077- 0,675) 0,012 Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik Chi-Square di peroleh nilai P = 0,012 ( P < 0,05), maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifikan antara jenis kelamin dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik. Hasil penelitan ini diketahui jenis kelamin perawat perempuan dalam komunikasi terapeutiknya kurang baik dibandingkan dengan perawat laki-laki.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 556, "width": 184, "height": 200, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini dikarenakan perawat perempuan komunikator kurang baik, kurang tersenyum dan kurang menjaga sikap sehingga membuat image perawat perempuan kurang baik dihadapan pasien. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan menurut Potter dan Perry (2009) yang menyatakan bahwa jenis kelamin merupakan faktor lain yang mempengaruhi cara berpikir, bertindak, merasakan dan berkomunikasi. Kaum pria cenderung lebih sedikit menggunakan komunikasi lisan tetapi lebih cenderung untuk memulai komunikasi dan merujuk langsung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 429, "width": 183, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepada masalah. Pria juga lebih cenderung untuk berbicara tentang masalah. Wanita cenderung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 467, "width": 183, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengemukakan informasi pribadi dan mendengar secara aktif, merespons dengan cara mendukung pihak lain tersebut untuk meneruskan percakapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 533, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 558, "width": 183, "height": 162, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada penelitian dan setelah dilakukan serangkaian analisis dan pembahasan, maka dapat dirumuskan beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1. Semakin tinggi pendidikan semakin terampil menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik, Ada hubungan antara pendidikan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 351, "top": 722, "width": 162, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Semakin lama masa kerja semakin terampil menerapkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 35, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Akademika Baiturrahim", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 366, "top": 35, "width": 146, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Handayani,Armina", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 48, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol.6 No.2, September 2017", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 153, "top": 116, "width": 147, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "komunikasi terapeutik, Ada hubungan antara masa kerja dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 179, "width": 165, "height": 99, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Raden Mattaher Jambi. 3. Semakin tinggi pengetahuan semakin terampil menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik, ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 280, "width": 165, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Raden Mattaher Jambi. 4. Semakin baik sikap semakin terampil menerapkan komunikasi terapeutik, Ada hubungan antara sikap dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi. 5. Sebagian responden perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 407, "width": 144, "height": 111, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perempuan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik kurang baik dibandingkan dengan perawat laki-laki, Ada hubungan antara masa jenis kelamin dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutik di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 521, "width": 32, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 544, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 569, "width": 184, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bagi Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Raden Mattaher Jambi Membuat kebijakan tentang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 607, "width": 184, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pentingnya penerapan komunikasi terapeutik sesuai dengan standar operasional prosedur. 2. Bagi Perawat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 116, "width": 375, "height": 627, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Sebaiknya diberikan pelatihan, sehingga perawat dapat meningkatkan pelayanan yang lebih baik lagi sehingga dapat menjalin hubungan yang terapeutik antara perawat dan pasien. b. Banyak membaca buku tentang teori komunikasi terapeutik dan juga melihat informasi-informasi terbaru dari internet. 3. Bagi Institusi Pendidikan Agar dapat menjadi masukan untuk mahasiswa yang akan praktek di Rumah Sakit tentang cara penerapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan benar dan juga sebagai bahan bacaan atau referensi. 4. Bagi Peneliti Selanjutnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 379, "top": 293, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diharapkan dapat meneliti", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 351, "top": 306, "width": 162, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengenai faktor-faktor lain yang belum diteliti dalam penerapan komunikasi terapeutik misalnya faktor eksternal yang berhubungan dengan penerapan komunikasi terapeutiknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 407, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 369, "top": 432, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 447, "width": 183, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abraham dan Shanley. (1997). Psikologi Sosial Untuk Perawat. EGC. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 476, "width": 183, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ali, Zaidin. (2001). Dasar- Dasar Keperawatan Profesional . Widya Medika, Jakarta. Arikunto, Suharsimi, DR, Prof. (2006). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. Arwani. (2003). Komunikasi Dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 592, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keperawatan. EGC, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 607, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Damaiyanti, Mukhripah, S.Kep, Ns.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 621, "width": 147, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2008). Komunikasi Terapeutik Dalam Praktik Keperawatan. Refika Aditama.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 366, "top": 665, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Samarinda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 692, "width": 183, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dody Firmanda. (2009). http://UU-RI- No-36-Tahun-2009-Kesehatan- 13-Oktober-2009.htm. 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Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 116, "width": 184, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wulan dan Hastuti. (2011). Pengantar Etika Keperawatan. Prestasi Pustaka Publisher. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 172, "width": 183, "height": 68, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wawan .A dan Dewi .M. (2011). Teori Dan Pengukuran Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Perilaku Manusia. Nuha Medika. Yogyakarta.", "type": "Table" } ]

246392ed-32aa-d271-c319-6952bace6fec

https://jurnal.stituwjombang.ac.id/index.php/al-idaroh/article/download/373/236

[ { "left": 144, "top": 776, "width": 340, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh: Jurnal Studi Manajemen Pendidikan Islam Volume 6 Nomor 1 Maret 2022; p-ISSN: 2549-8339; e-ISSN: 2579-3683", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 167, "top": 140, "width": 298, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONTROLLING DALAM PERSPEKTIF", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 202, "top": 167, "width": 220, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL QUR’AN DAN AL HADITS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 210, "width": 222, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas Email: [email protected] Guru MTs Diponegoro Plandaan Jombang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 282, "width": 339, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: Monitoring the process or ar-riqobah in every form of leadership is something that must exist and must be implemented. The accentuation of this activity is to research and check whether the implementation of planning tasks is really being carried out or not. This is also to find out whether there are deviations, abuses, and deficiencies in its implementation. If there is, then it needs to be revised. The function of supervision or control is one of the activities to make improvements, not activities to find faults. To be able to carry out supervision properly, the planning concept must exist and be clear. Without planning it is difficult to detect deviations and without knowledge of deviations, the control function will be very blurry. This paper aims to examine the concept of control, the term Controlling in the Qur'an and hadith, the function and purpose of Controlling, controlling requirements, steps in the process of supervision, implementation of controlling in Islamic educational institutions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 456, "width": 192, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Controlling, Al Qur'an, Hadith,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "31│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 70, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 127, "width": 398, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Orientasi pembangunan di bidang pendidikan merupakan upaya untuk mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Kualitas kehidupan manusia Indonesia dalam rangka menciptakan manusia yang berpotensi dan berakhlak mulia perlu ditingkatkan. Pendidikan mempunyai peran yang sangat urgen untuk menjamin perkembangan dan kelangsungan kehidupan suatu bangsa dan menjadi cermin kepribadian masyarakat, apalagi pembangunan atau pambaharuan pendidikan Agama Islam yang mana tujuannya sudah jelas yaitu untuk pembentukan akhlak dan pemberian pedoman hidup yang baik pada seluruh siswa. Melalui lembaga pendidikanlah pembaharuan dalam bidang pendidikan Islam ini dapat diwujudkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 309, "width": 399, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lembaga pendidikan dalam hal ini sekolah atau madrasah sebagai organisasi sudah tentu memiliki sistem manajemen tersendiri yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah beserta stafnya. Sebagai salah satu fungsi manajemen adalah controlling yang merupakan unsur penting dalam sebuah organisasi, controlling berupaya agar rencana yang sudah ditetapkan dapat tercapai sebagaimana mestinya. Pengawasan sebagai upaya agar setiap kegiatan berjalan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan dan yang lebih penting tidak terjadi penyimpangan terhadap perencanaan yang telah ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 451, "width": 400, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problematika yang muncul, dalam banyak kasus pada beberapa lembaga pendidikan seringkali berhadapan dengan masalah dalam pencapaian tujuan dimana implementasi dari setiap rencana tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Pekerjaan yang melewati batas waktu, pekerja yang melakukan mogok kerja, sehingga pekerjaan terbengkalai, dan masih banyak lagi yang lainnya. Semua ini adalah diantara kasus- kasus yang menyebabkan rencana perusahaan tidak berjalan sebagaimana mestinya. Kasus-kasus yang banyak terjadi dalam organisasi itu adalah akibat masih lemahnya pengendalian sehingga terjadi berbagai penyimpangan antara yang direncanakan dengan yang dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 654, "width": 68, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 673, "width": 193, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Konsep Controlling / Pengawasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 694, "width": 386, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling atau pengawasan merupakan salah satu aspek esensial dalam dinamika sebuah organisasi, baik organisasi dalam bentuk perusahaan, pendidikan maupun yang lainnya. Selain sebagai bagian integral dari proses atau tahapan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kinerja organsasi yang dimulai dari planning , organizing , actuating sampai controlling , dalam beberapa studi manajemen juga menunjukkan bahwa upaya pengawasan yang tereduksi dalam sebuah sistem kerja organisasi berpengaruh sangat signifikan terhadap peningkatan kinerja organisasi secara keseluruhan. 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 195, "width": 386, "height": 236, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara definitif, controlling dalam bahasa Indonesia dapat ditafsirkan sebagai pengawasan atau pengendalian, sehingga dalam bahasa Inggris pengertian pengawasan dan pengendalian tetap dipergunakan dengan istilah controlling . 2 Istilah controlling dengan makna pengendalian atau pengawasan dalam konteks ilmu manajemen telah mengalami perkembangan definisi dari masa ke masa. Adapun yang cukup populer adalah pendapat Usury dan Hammer yang dikutip Buchari Alma menyatakan bahwa: “Controlling is management’s systematic efforts to achieve objectives by comparing performances to plan and taking appropriate action to correct important differences” 3 (pengendalian adalah sebuah usaha sistematik dari manajemen untuk mencapai tujuan dengan membandingkan kinerja dengan rencana awal dan kemudian melakukan langkah perbaikan terhadap perbedaan-perbedaan penting dari keduanya).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 438, "width": 385, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan beberapa pendapat diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengawasan (controlling) merupakan kegiatan yang dilaksanakan dengan maksud agar tujuan yang diharapkan tercapai sesuai dengan perencanaan yang ditetapkan. Tujuan dari pengawasan atau controlling pada dasarnya adalah untuk menyesuaikan gerak organisasi yang sedang berlangsung dengan tujuan dan rencana awal ( planning) dari organisasi itu sendiri. Dalam aspek ini, controlling memusatkan pada sisi efisiensi,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 557, "width": 386, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sedangkan perencanaan atau planning lebih memusatkan pada sisi efektivitas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 578, "width": 386, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Walaupun di dalam proses pengendalian juga terdapat unsur efektivitas, namun secara fungsi bahwa upaya pengendalian lebih berpusat pada unsur efisiensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 618, "width": 385, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian, controlling atau yang di dalam istilah Indonesia bermakna pengendalian, pengawasan atau kontrol, secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses penyesuaian pergerakan antara organisasi dengan tujuannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 712, "width": 382, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Anthony dan Vijay Govindarajan, Management Control System (Mc Clelland Grawhill: Ninth Eition, 1998), 28", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 734, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Hoetomo, Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Indonesia (Surabaya: Mitra Pelajar, 2005), 219.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 328, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Buchari Alma, Majemen Pemasaran dan Pemasaran Jasa (Bandung: Alfabeta, 1992), 56.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling , baik dalam pengertian pengawasan atau pengendalian oleh sebagian besar masyarakat sering ditafsirkan sebagai upaya seorang manajer atau lembaga pengawasan sebagai kegiatan untuk mencari kesalahan. Padahal jika dipahami secara seksama, fungsi pengawasan atau pengendalian sesungguhnya adalah sebagai salah satu kekuatan untuk mengadakan perbaikan bila hasil atau jasa yang sudah distandarisasi itu tidak sesuai dengan hasil yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 235, "width": 386, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Standarisiasi merupakan salah satu tindakan awal dari proses perencanaan dan standar itu harus terandalkan dan dapat dipercayai sebagai dasar untuk mengevaluasi dan membandingkan melalui kegiatan pengawasan. Standarisasi dari proses perencanaan ditujukan untuk pencapaian sasaran atau efektifitas organisasi, sedangkan pengawasan lebih difokuskan pada proses pelaksanaan dan hasil dari produktifitas, baik yang berupa barang ataupun jasa. Upaya pengawasan harus dimaksimalkan agar hasil usaha dari suatu organisasi itu lebih efisien. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 377, "width": 386, "height": 216, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun penjelasan konsep controlling yang berangkat dari teori- teori umum di atas, merupakan konsep pengawasan yang secara praktis dilaksanakan dalam dunia manajemen-organisasi dewasa ini. Apabila dikaitkan dengan kajian keislaman, maka konsep pengawasan ( controlling ) yang diaktualisasikan dalam aktivitas organisasi kiranya perlu digali dari sumber utama, yakni al- Qur’ an sebagai representasi pesan-pesan Tuhan yang ditujukan untuk menjadi pedoman ( al-Huda ) bagi umat manusia, serta al-Hadits yang bersumber dari Rasul-Nya. Hal ini perlu dilakukan agar prinsip-prinsip umum dan pesan-pesan penting yang terdapat dalam al- Qur’ an dan al-Hadits dapat menjadi landasan nilai atau bahkan konsep yang aplikatif bagi setiap aktivitas dalam kehidupan manusia, terutama pada aspek keorganisasian atau manajemen pendidikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 616, "width": 254, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Term Controlling Dalam Al- Qur’an dan Hadits", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 637, "width": 386, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling atau pengawasan di dalam bahasa Arab memiliki makna yang sama dengan kata ar-Riqobah. Didalam al- Qur’an, kata ini disebut kan pada beberapa ayat yang secara umum menunjukkan tentang adanya fungsi pengawasan, terutama peengawasan dari Allah Swt. Ayat-ayat tersebut diantaranya adalah:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 327, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 M. Dale, Developing Management Skill (terjemahan) (Jakarta: Gramedia, 2003), 80-81.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 107, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. QS. An-Nisa [4]: 1", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 301, "top": 125, "width": 209, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ ي َٰٓ فَّنَٰٓنِ مَٰٓمُك ق ل خَٰٓيِ َّ لَّٱَُٰٓمُكَّب رَْٰٓاوُقَّتٱَٰٓ ُساَّلنٱَٰٓا هُّي أ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 146, "top": 135, "width": 155, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ َّث ب وَٰٓا ه ج و زَٰٓا ه نِمَٰٓ ق ل خ وَٰٖٓة دِحَٰ وَٰٓ ٖس", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 150, "width": 365, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓٗۚ ما ح ر لۡٱ وَٰٓۦِهِبَٰٓ نو ُل ءٓا س تَٰٓيِ َّلَّٱَٰٓ َّللَّٱَْٰٓاوُقَّتٱ وَٰٓٗۚاءٓا سِن وَٰٓاايرِث كَٰٓ الٗا جِرَٰٓا مُه نِم ََٰٰٓٓ ََٰٰٓٓ مُك ي ل عَٰٓ ن كََٰٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓنِإ َٰٓاابيِق ر ََٰٰٓٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 149, "top": 207, "width": 365, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Hai sekalian manusia, bertakwalah kepada Tuhan -mu yang telah menciptakan kamu dari seorang diri, dan dari padanya Allah menciptakan isterinya; dan dari pada keduanya Allah memperkembang biakkan laki-laki dan perempuan yang banyak. Dan bertakwalah kepada Allah yang dengan (mempergunakan) nama-Nya kamu saling meminta satu sama lain dan (peliharalah) hubungan silaturrahim. Sesungguhnya Allah selalu menjaga dan mengawasi kamu.” 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 301, "width": 125, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. QS. Al-Maidah [5]: 117", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 305, "width": 373, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َُٰٓقَٰٓا م َٰٓ مِه ي ل عَٰٓ ُتنُك وَٰٓٗۚ مُكَّب ر وَٰٓ ِ بّ رَٰٓ َّللَّٱَْٰٓاوُدُب عٱَِٰٓن أَٰٓٓۦِهِبَٰٓ ِنِ ت ر م أَٰٓٓا مَٰٓ َّلِٗإَٰٓ مُه لَٰٓ ُت ل َِٰٓ ُكََٰٰٓ عَلَٰٓ تن أ وَٰٓٗۚ مِه ي ل عَٰٓ بيِقَّرلٱَٰٓ تن أَٰٓ تنُكَٰٓ ِنِ ت يَّف و تَٰٓاَّم ل فَٰٓۡۖ مِهيِفَٰٓ ُت مُدَٰٓاَّمَٰٓااديِه ش", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 344, "width": 372, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ََٰٰٓٓ ٌَََٰٰٰٓٓٓديِه شَٰٖٓء شَ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 136, "top": 398, "width": 376, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Aku tidak per nah mengatakan kepada mereka kecuali apa yang Engkau perintahkan kepadaku ( mengatakan)nya yaitu: “Sembahlah Allah, Tuhanku dan Tuhanmu”, dan adalah aku menjadi saksi terhadap mereka, selama aku berada di antara mereka. Maka setelah Engkau wafatkan aku, Engkau-lah yang mengawasi mereka. Dan Engkau adalah Maha Menyaksikan atas sega la sesuatu.” 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 474, "width": 360, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. QS. Asy-Syura [42]: 6 َََٰٰٰٖٓٓٓليِك وِبَٰٓمِه ي ل عَٰٓ تن أَٰٓٓا م وَٰٓ مِه ي ل عَٰٓ ٌظيِف حَُٰٓ َّللَّٱَٰٓ ءٓا ِلِ و أَٰٓٓۦِهِنوُدَٰٓنِمَْٰٓاوُذ َّتَّٱَٰٓ نيِ َّلَّٱ و", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 489, "width": 3, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 516, "width": 370, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Dan orang-orang yang mengambil pelindung-pelindung selain Allah, Allah mengawasi (perbuatan) mereka; dan kamu (ya Muhammad) bukanlah orang yang diserahi mengawasi mereka 7", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 562, "width": 368, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hadis shohih juga disebutkan disebutkan : ََكا َرَي َ هَّنِإَف َ ها َرَت َ ن كَت َ مَل َ نِإَف َ ها َرَت ََكَّنَأَك ََالل ََد ب عَت َ نَأ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 603, "width": 372, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beribadahlah kepada Alloh seakan akan engkau melihatnya, jika engkau tak melihatnya maka sesungguhnya Alloh melihatmu. Ini merupakan petunjuk dan perintah tentang muroqobah pada al-Roqiib. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 685, "width": 335, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah , (PT. Cordoba Internasional Indonesia, 2017), 77.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 697, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 142.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 710, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 483.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 397, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Muhammad Bin Isma’il Bin Ibrohim Bin al -Mughiroh Al-Bukhori, Shohih al-Bukhori . Bairu: Dar Ibnu Katsir al-Yamamah, No. 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 385, "height": 297, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berkenaan dengan makna dari controlling , dalam beberapa literatur kajian Islam, sebenarnya telah dirumuskan beberapa konsep yang salah satunya dapat dirujuk dari pendapat Ahmad Bin Daud yang menyatakan “ Controlling adalah tugas administratif secara personal atau kolektif yang fokusnya adalah pemantauan aktifitas organisasi dan memeriksa kegiatan tersebut dari dalam sistem secara tematis (bagian per-bagian) dengan tujuan membetulkan yang salah atau mengubah sesuatu agar kembali kepada yang lazim (semestinya) dan yang demikian itu untuk memastikan akan keselamatan program kegiatan organisasi tersebut, baik dari segi pelaksanaan, sarana maupun tujuannya dan semua itu dilaksanakan dengan landasan melaksanakan kewajiban dan menaati firman Allah swt, yang berkenaan dengan penyifatan orang yang beriman: “Dan orang -orang yang memelihara amanah- amanah (yang dipikulnya) dan janjinya” , dan sebagai bentuk rasa pertanggung jawaban serta pelaksanaan atas sabda Rosulullah saw: “ Setiap kalian adalah pemimpin dan setiap kalian akan dimintai pertanggung jawaban atas kepemimpinannya tersebut” .”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 417, "width": 385, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan ayat dan definisi di atas, maka hakikat controlling atau pengawasan dalam Islam mempunyai karakteristik antara lain: pengawasan bersifat material dan spiritual, monitoring bukan hanya manajer, tetapi juga Allah Swt, menggunakan metode yang manusiawi yang menjunjung martabat manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 498, "width": 385, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam konteks organisasi, ar-riqobah atau pengawasan merupakan kewajiban yang terus menerus harus dilaksanakan, karena pengawasan merupakan pengecekan jalannya planning dalam organisasi untuk menghindari kegagalan atau akibat yang lebih buruk. Mengenai faktor ini, al- Qur’ an memberikan konsepsi yang tegas agar hal yang bersifat merugikan tidak terjadi. Tekanan al- Qur’an lebih dahulu pada intropeksi dan evaluasi diri dari pribadi seorang pemimpin apakah sudah sejalan dengan pola dan tingkah berdasarkan planning dan program yang telah dirumuskan semula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 173, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Fungsi dan Tujuan Controlling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 134, "width": 385, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di dalam al- Qur’ an, fungsi pengawasan dapat terungkap di antaranya pada QS. as-Shof [61]: 3:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 164, "width": 188, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َِٰٓ َّللَّٱَٰٓ دنِعَٰٓاًت ق مَٰٓ ُبُ ك َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُل ع ف تَٰٓ لَٰٗٓا مَْٰٓاوُلوُق تَٰٓن أَٰٓ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 142, "top": 188, "width": 343, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Amat besar kebencian di si si Allah bahwa kamu mengatakan apa-apa yang tid ak kamu kerjakan.” 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 227, "width": 385, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ayat tersebut memberikan ancaman dan peringatan terhadap orang yang mengabaikan pengawasan terhadap perbuatannya. Selain ayat tersebut, terdapat beberapa ayat yang menjelaskan tentang pengawasan antara lain dalam QS. al- Sajdah [32]: 5 berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 291, "width": 226, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٖٓم و يَٰٓ ِفَِِٰٓه لِِإَُٰٓجُر ع يََّٰٓمُثَٰٓ ِضرۡ لۡٱَٰٓ لَِإَِٰٓءٓا مَّسلٱَٰٓ نِمَٰٓ ر م لۡٱَُٰٓرِ ب دُي", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 291, "width": 117, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ ََٰٰٓٓاَّمِ مَٰٖٓة ن سَٰٓ ف ل أَٰٓٓۥُهُرا د قِمَٰٓ ن كَ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 447, "top": 329, "width": 35, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُّدُع ت", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 142, "top": 355, "width": 343, "height": 41, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Dia mengatur urusan dari langit ke bumi, kemudian (urusan) itu na ik kepada-Nya dalam satu hari yang kadarnya adalah seribu tahun menurut perhitunganmu.” 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 408, "width": 386, "height": 95, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kandungan ayat di atas menjelaskan bahwa Allah SWT adalah pengatur alam. Keteraturan alam raya ini, merupakan bukti kebesaran Allah swt dalam mengelola alam ini. Namun, karena manusia yang diciptakan Allah SWT telah dijadikan sebagai khalifah di bumi, maka dia harus mengatur dan mengelola bumi dengan sebaik-baiknya sebagaimana Allah mengatur alam raya ini. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 509, "width": 386, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sejalan dengan kandungan ayat tersebut, manajemen merupakan sebuah proses pemanfaatan semua sumber daya melalui bantuan orang lain dan bekerjasama dengannya, agar tujuan bersama bisa dicapai secara efektif, efesien, dan produktif. Fungsi manajemen adalah merancang, mengorganisasikan, memerintah, mengoordinasi, dan mengendalikan. Selanjutnya Allah Swt memberi arahan kepada setiap orang yang beriman untuk mendesain rencana apa yang akan dilakukan dikemudian hari, sebagaimana Firman-Nya dalam QS. al-Hasyr [59]: 18 yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 708, "width": 383, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 551. 10 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h.415. 11 M. Quraish shihab, Tafsir Al-Misbah (Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al- Qur’an) (Jakarta: Lentera Hati,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 746, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2002), h. 120.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 153, "top": 105, "width": 329, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ََّٰٓد قَٰٓاَّمَٰٓ ٞس ف نَٰٓ ر ُظن لۡ وَٰٓ َّللَّٱَْٰٓاوُقَّتٱَْٰٓاوُن ما ءَٰٓ نيِ َّ لَّٱَٰٓا هُّي أ ي ََٰٰٓٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓنِإَٰٓٗۚ َّللَّٱَٰٓ ْاوُقَّتٱ وَٰٖٖٓۖد غِلَٰٓ ت م َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُل م ع تَٰٓا مِبَُُٰٓۢيرِب خ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 156, "top": 163, "width": 329, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Hai orang -orang yang beriman, bertakwalah kepada Allah dan hendaklah setiap diri memperhatikan apa yang telah diperbuatnya untuk hari esok (akhirat); dan bertakwalah kepada Allah, sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.” 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 225, "width": 386, "height": 115, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pandangan Islam segala sesuatu harus dilakukan secara terencana, dan teratur. Tidak terkecuali dengan proses kegiatan belajar-mengajar yang merupakan hal yang harus diperhatikan, karena substansi dari pembelajaran adalah membantu siswa agar mereka dapat belajar secara baik dan maksimal. Manajemen dalam hal ini berarti mengatur atau mengelola sesuatu hal agar menjadi baik. Hal ini sesuai dengan hadits, An- Nawawi (1987: 17) yang diriwayatkan dari Ya’la", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 346, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rasulullah bersabda:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 404, "width": 322, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: “Sesungguhnya Allah mewajibkan kepada kita untuk berlaku ihsan dalam sega la sesuatu.” (HR. Bukhari) 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 441, "width": 386, "height": 125, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hadits di atas, pengawasan dalam Islam dilakukan untuk meluruskan yang bengkok, mengoreksi yang salah dan membenarkan yang hak. Pengawasan di dalam ajaran Islam, paling tidak terbagi kepada 2 (dua) hal: pertama, pengawasan yang berasal dari diri, yang bersumber dari tauhid dan keimanan kepada Allah SWT. Orang yang yakin bahwa Allah pasti mengawasi hamba-Nya, maka orang itu akan bertindak hati-hati. Ketika sendiri, dia yakin Allah yang kedua, dan ketika berdua dia yakin Allah yang ketiga. Allah SWT berfirman (QS. al-Mujadalah [58]: 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 559, "width": 332, "height": 138, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓا مَُٰٓم ل ع يَٰٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓن أَٰٓ ر تَٰٓ م ل أ َٰٓ َّ لِٗإٍَٰٓة ثَٰ ل ثََٰٰٓى و َّ نََّٰٓنِمَُٰٓنوُك يَٰٓا مَٰٖٓۖ ِضرۡ لۡٱَٰٓ ِفَِٰٓا م وَٰٓ ِتَٰ وَٰ م َّسلٱَٰٓ ِفِ ََٰٰٓٓ مُه ع مَٰٓ وُهَٰٓ َّ لِٗإَٰٓ ثَ ك أَٰٓٓ لٗ وَٰٓ كِلَٰ ذَٰٓنِمََٰٰٓ نَ د أَٰٓٓ لٗ وَٰٓ مُهُسِدا سَٰٓ وُهَٰٓ َّ لِٗإٍَٰٓة س خََٰٓ لٗ وَٰٓ مُهُعِبا رَٰٓ وُه َٰٓ كََٰٓا مَٰٓ ن ي أ وُلِم عَٰٓا مِبَٰٓمُهُئِ ب نُيََّٰٓمُثَٰٓۡۖ ْاوُن ٌَََٰٰٰٓٓٓميِل عٍَٰٓء شََِٰٓ لُكِبَٰٓ َّللَّٱََّٰٓنِإَِِٰٓۚة مَٰ يِق لٱَٰٓ م و يَْٰٓا Artinya: “Tidaklah kamu perhatikan, bahwa sesungguhnya Allah mengetahui apa yang ada di langit dan apa yang ada di bumi? Tiada pembicaraan rahasia antara tiga orang, melainkan Dia-lah yang keempatnya. Dan tiada (pembicaraan antara) lima melainkan Dia-lah yang keempatnya. Dan tiada", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 113, "top": 710, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 546.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 379, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Muhammad Bin Isma ’il Bin Ibrohim Bin al-Mughiroh Al-Bukhori, Shohih al-Bukhori . Bairu: Dar Ibnu Katsir al-Yamamah, No. 6010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 113, "width": 386, "height": 345, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(pembicaraan antara) lima orang, melainkan Dia-lah yang keenamnya. Dan tiada (pula) pembicaraan antara (jumlah) yang kurang dari itu atau lebih banyak, melainkan Dia ada bersama mereka di manapun mereka berada. Kemudian Dia akan memberitakan kepada mereka pada hari kiamat apa yang telah mereka kerjakan. Sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui segala sesu atu.” Tujuan melakukan pengawasan, pengendalian dan koreksi adalah untuk mencegah seseorang jatuh terjerumus kepada sesuatu yang salah. Tujuan lainnya adalah agar kualitas kehidupan terus meningkat. Inilah yang dimaksud dengan tausiyah, dan bukan untuk menjatuhkan. Fungsi manajerial pengawasan adalah untuk mengukur dan mengkoreksi kerja bawahan untuk memastikan bahwa tujuan organisasi dan rencana yang didesain sedang dilaksanakan. Dalam konteks ini, implementasi syariah diwujudkan melalui tiga pilar pengawasan, yaitu: 1) ketaqwaan individu, bahwa seluruh personel perusahaan dipastikan dan dibina agar menjadi manusia yang bertaqwa; 2) pengawasan anggota, dalam suasana organisasi yang mencerminkan sebuah team maka proses keberlangsungan organisasi selalu akan mendapatkan pengawasan dari personelnya sesuai dengan arah yang telah ditetapkan; 3) Penerapan/supremasi aturan, organisasi ditegakkan dengan aturan main yang jelas dan transparan dan tidak bertentangan dengan syariah. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 465, "width": 385, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan di atas maka dapat ditegaskan bahwa pengawasan sebagai upaya pengecekan atas jalannya perencanaan ( planning ) dalam organisasi untuk menghindari kegagalan atau akibat yang lebih buruk. Mengenai faktor ini,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 525, "width": 386, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "al- Qur’an memberikan konsepsi yang tegas agar hal yang bersifat merugikan tidak terjadi. Tekanan al- Qur’an lebih dahulu pada intropeksi, evaluasi diri pribadi sebagai pimpinan apakah sudah sejalan dengan pola dan tingkah berdasarkan planning dan program yang telah dirumuskan semula. Setidak-tidaknya menunjukkan sikap yang simpatik dalam menjalankan tugas, selanjutnya mengadakan pengecekan atau memeriksa kerja anggotanya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 746, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14 Asy Syaikh Muhammad Bin Shalih Al-Utsaimin, Ulasan Kitab Hadits …”, h. 2 8.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 110, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. Syarat Controlling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 134, "width": 385, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diulas mengenai konsep controlling berdasarkan al- Qur’an dan hadits, berikut ini dibahas tentang syarat-syarat atas orang yang melakukan kontrol, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 174, "width": 43, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Islam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 189, "width": 371, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus seorang muslim. Hal ini didasarkan pada firman Allah swt dalam surat an-Nisa [4]: 144 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 222, "width": 290, "height": 33, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓٗۚ يِنِم ؤُم لٱَِٰٓنوُدَٰٓنِمَٰٓ ء ٓا ِلِ و أَٰٓ نيِرِفَٰ ك لٱَْٰٓاوُذِخَّت تَٰٓ لَْٰٗٓاوُن ما ءَٰٓ نيِ َّلَّٱَٰٓا هُّي أ ي … َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 267, "width": 312, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu mengambil orang- orang kafir menjadi wali dengan meninggalkan orang-orang mukmin. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 298, "width": 217, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Berakal sehat, normal atau waras. ( Maturity )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 313, "width": 371, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus berakal sehat dan tidak terganggu pikirannya oleh sebuah penyakit yang dapat mempengaruhi keputusannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 374, "width": 144, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Berpengetahuan ( Knowladge )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 388, "width": 371, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan control itu harus berpengetahuan tentang persoalan manajerial, perihal kontrol dan cara yang benar dalam melaksanakannya. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari pemahaman terhadap firman Allah swt dalam (Q.S Az-Zumar [39]: 9) sebagai berikut: 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 458, "width": 315, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "… ِ َّ لَّٱ َٰٓيِو ت س يَٰٓ ل هَٰٓ لُقَٰٓ ۗ َٰٓ ع ي َٰٓ ني ََْٰٰٓٓاوُلْو ُ أ َُٰٓرَّك ذ ت ي َٰٓا مَّنِإَٰٓ نوُم ل ع يَٰٓ لَٰٗٓ نيِ َّلَّٱ وَٰٓ نوُم ل َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ ِبَٰ ب ل لۡٱ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 519, "width": 315, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: (Apakah kamu hai orang musyrik yang lebih beruntung) ataukah orang yang beribadat di waktu-waktu malam dengan sujud dan berdiri, sedang ia takut kepada (azab) akhirat dan mengharapkan rahmat Tuhannya? Katakanlah: \"Adakah sama orang-orang yang mengetahui dengan orang-orang yang tidak mengetahui?\" Sesungguhnya orang yang berakallah yang dapat menerima pelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 593, "width": 336, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam ayat tersebut, Allah swt menegaskan bahwa ada perbedaan yang sangat jelas antara orang yang berpengetahuan dengan yang tidak berpengetahuan. Hal ini dapat ditarik pemahaman lebih jauh dalam perihal kegiatan controlling , bahwa kebijakan seorang manajer yang berpengetahuan dengan yang tidak berpengetahuan akan sangat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 731, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 102.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 744, "width": 171, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "16 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 459.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 149, "top": 114, "width": 336, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "berbeda jauh. Oleh karena itu syarat berpengetahuan adalah sebuah keniscayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 155, "width": 114, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kemampuan ( ability ,)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 175, "width": 372, "height": 75, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus sehat jasmani, tidak sedang sakit dan tidak cacat salah satu anggota badannya yang menyebabkannya tidak dapat melakukan tindakan control secara sempurna. Hal ini disimpulkan dari firman Allah swt dalam (Q.S Al-Baqarah [2]: 286). 17", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 247, "width": 310, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ كٱَٰٓا مَٰٓا ه ي ل ع وَٰٓ ت ب س كَٰٓا مَٰٓا ه لَٰٓٗۚا ه ع سُوَٰٓ َّ لِٗإَٰٓا ًس ف نَُٰٓ َّللَّٱَٰٓ ُفِ ل كُيَٰٓ لٗ َٰٓ ت ب س ت … َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 280, "width": 315, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Allah tidak membebani seseorang melainkan sesuai dengan kesanggupannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 319, "width": 371, "height": 75, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam ayat tersebut, dijelaskan bahwa Allah swt tidak pernah membenani hambanya kecuali selalu dalam batasaan kemampuanhamba tersebut. Berpijak pada kaidah ini, tidak boleh orang yang tidak mampu mengemban amanah controlling menjalankan pekerjaan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 400, "width": 112, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kekuasaan ( authority )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 421, "width": 371, "height": 176, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan control itu harus memiliki kewenangan penuh secara resmi dalam hal pelaksanaan control tersebut. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan dari pemahaman hadits Rosulullah saw tentang setiap pemimpin akan dimintai pertanggungjawabannya. 18 Dengan adanya pertanggungjawaban tersebut, secara otomatis pemimpin tersebut memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan controlling, karena hal tersebut merupakan salah satu yang akan dimintai pertanggungjawaban atasnya. Pemahaman yang Lebih jauh, orang yang tidak memiliki wewenang untuk melakukan controlling, tidak boleh melakukannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 603, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Panutan (uswah)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 623, "width": 371, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan control itu harus mampu menjadi panutan yang baik bagi anggota yang dikontrolnya. Hal ini sesuai dengan firman Allah swt dalam (Q.S Al-Baqarah [2]: 44) 19", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 715, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 49.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 733, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "18 Hadits yang dimaksud adalah sabda Rosulullah saw:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 744, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "19 Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah, h. 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 389, "top": 115, "width": 94, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ وَِٰٓ ِبُ لٱِبَٰٓ ساَّلنٱَٰٓ نوُرُم أ ت أ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 105, "width": 220, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َََٰٰٰٓٓٓ نوُلِق ع تَٰٓ لَ ف أَٰٓٗۚ بَٰ تِك لٱَٰٓ نوُل ت تَٰٓ مُتن أ وَٰٓ مُك سُفن أَٰٓ ن و سن ت", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 161, "top": 115, "width": 3, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "َٰٓ", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 170, "top": 138, "width": 315, "height": 37, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Artinya: Mengapa kamu suruh orang lain (mengerjakan) kebaktian, sedang kamu melupakan diri (kewajiban)mu sendiri, padahal kamu membaca Al Kitab (Taurat)? Maka tidaklah kamu berpikir?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 188, "width": 371, "height": 136, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam ayat tersebut, Allah swt mengecam orang-orang yang hanya menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan kebaikan, sedangkan dirinya sendiri tidak melakukannya. Kegiatan Controling , jika ditinjau dari aspek tujuannya, sejatinya bagian dari aktifitas menyuruh orang lain untuk melakukan kebaikan (sebagaimana yang ditetapkan oleh organisasi yang bersangkutan). Oleh karena itu, seorang manajer harus berusaha sekuat tenaga untuk melaksanakan segala sesuatunya dengan baik dan benar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 330, "width": 180, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Memiliki integritas ( integrity , Fidelity )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 350, "width": 372, "height": 95, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus amanah, menjalankan tugasnya dengan sebenar-benarnya dan tidak boleh khianat sekecil apapun. Telah diketahui bersama bahwa kegiatan kontrol adalah bagian dari amanah, oleh karena harus dilaksanakan dengan sebenar-benarnya dan sebaik-baiknya dan tidak boleh dengan sengaja melakukan tindakan khianat sekecil apapun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 452, "width": 50, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Positivity", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 472, "width": 371, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu tidak hanya cukup mengetahui kesalahan-kesalahan, tetapi dia harus memberi balasan yang baik bagi yang berprestasi dan memberikan peringatan atau sanksi yang sepadan bagi mereka yang menyimpang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 553, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Netral ( Neutrality )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 573, "width": 361, "height": 55, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus memutuskan dan menetapkan sikap dan segala sesuatunya secara, netral, objektif dan tanpa ada keberpihakan kepada salah satu pihak yang dikontrolnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 634, "width": 126, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10) Moderasi ( Moderation ,)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 654, "width": 372, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu jika ditinjau dari fungsinya dapat dikatakan sebagai seorang hakim. Oleh karena itu, jika manajer tersebut dinilai dari sisi kehakimannya, maka dia harus mampu menjadi sangat tegas namun tidak sampai menjadi bengis apalagi aniaya, dan di saat yang sama, dia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 114, "width": 371, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "juga harus mampu menjadi moderat, namun tidak sampai menjadi lemah apalagi dikuasai oleh pihak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 154, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11) Teliti, ( Certainty )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 174, "width": 372, "height": 75, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang manajer yang melakukan kontrol itu harus teliti, memastikan bahwa semua prosedur dan langkah-langkah kontrolnya telah terlaksana dengan baik, dan tidak tergesa-gesa dalam mengambil keputusan sehingga keputusannya menjadi kokoh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 268, "width": 216, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E. Langkah-Langkah Proses Pengawasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 287, "width": 386, "height": 192, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam melaksanakan kontrol yang efektif maka yang pertama-tama dilakukan adalah merumuskan tujuan yang akan dicapai oleh perusahaan/lembaga itu. Tujuan ini merupakan motif lembaga didirikan, jika tujuan ini sudah jelas maka perlu ditetapkan ukuran atau standar yang menjadi patokan ideal dari pekerjaan yang akan dilakukan. Tanpa adanya patokan penyimpangan tidak dapat diukur. Pengukuran standar harus diikuti pengukuran hasil kerja yang dicapai. Adanya patokan dan pengukuran standar sangat perlu untuk mengetahui penyimpangan (varience). Kalau angka penyimpangan sudah diketahui maka barulah dapat melakukan tindakan koreksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 488, "width": 386, "height": 236, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam teori manajemen modern, terdapat beberapa teori yang menjelaskan tentang langkah-langkah dalam proses pengawasan. Di antaranya menurut Kadarman bahwa langkah-langkah pengawasan terdiri atas: (1) Menetapkan Standar, yang dilakukan dari proses perencanaan; (2) Mengukur Kinerja, yakni mengukur atau mengevaluasi kinerja yang dicapai terhadap standar yang telah ditentukan; (3) Memperbaiki Penyimpangan, karena proses pengawasan tidak akan lengkap jika tidak ada tindakan perbaikan terhadap penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang terjadi. Adapun elemen yang diperlukan dalam proses pengawasan ini adalah: (1) Detektor, alat/petugas untuk mengidentifikasi apa yang sedang terjadi dalam suatu kegiatan; (2) Assesor, yaitu alat/petugas untuk menentukan ketepatan kerja; (3) Efektor, yaitu alat/petugas yang digunakan untuk mengubah sesuatu yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 36, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "diperoleh dari assesor; (4) Jaringan komunikasi, yaitu alat/petugas untuk mengirim informasi antara detektor dan assesor. 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 158, "width": 385, "height": 36, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun secara terperinci beberapa langkah yang dapat diambil dalam proses pengawasan antara lain adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 203, "width": 297, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Menetapkan standar dan mengukur performa/prestasi kerja.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 223, "width": 372, "height": 216, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karena perencanaan merupakan tolak ukur merancang pengawasan, maka langkah pertama dalam proses pengawasan adalah menyusun rencana. Akan tetapi karena perencanaan berbeda dalam perincian dan kerumitannya dan manajer tidak dapat mengawasi segalanya, maka harus ditentukan standar khusus. Misalnya standar tentang prestasi kerja. Umumnya standar pelaksanaan pekerjaan bagi suatu aktivitas menyangkut kriteria: ongkos, waktu, kuantitas, dan kualitas. Dengan mengadaptasi karya Koonts dan O. Donnel, Murdick mengemukakan lima ukuran kritis sebagai standar yiatu: 1) fisik, 2) ongkos, 3) program, 4) pendapatan, dan 5) standar yang tak dapat diraba ( Intangible ) , dan standar yang terakhir inilah merupakan standar yang sulit di ukur, biasanya tidak dinyatakan dalam ukuran kuantitas. 21", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 445, "width": 241, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Melakukan pengukuran performa/prestasi kerja.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 466, "width": 372, "height": 74, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah kedua dalam pengawasan adalah mengukur dan mengevaluasi prestasi kerja terhadap standar yang telah ditentukan, hal ini dimaksudkan agar penyimpangan-penyimpangan yang mungkin terjadi dapat diketahui lebih dahulu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 547, "width": 279, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menetapkan apakah prestasi kerja sesuai dengan standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 567, "width": 372, "height": 100, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langkah berikutnya adalah membandingkan hasil pengukuran dengan target atau standar yang telah ditentukan. Bila prestasi sesuai dengan standar, manajer akan menilai bahwa segala sesuatunya berada dalam kendali. Menurut Ernie 22 , secara garis besar ada 3 kemungkinan hasil penialian antara kinerja dengan standar, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 701, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20 Edward Sallis. Total Quality Management… , hlm. 59", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 723, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "21 Nanang Fattah, Landasan Manajemen Pendidikan . (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2004), hlm. 102.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 398, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "22 Tisnawati Sule Ernie. Pengantar Manajemen . (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2005), hlm. 324", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 113, "width": 350, "height": 35, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Kinerja > standar, dimana dalam kondisi ini organisasi mencapai kinerja yang terbaik karena berada di atas standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 154, "width": 371, "height": 54, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Kinerja = standar, dimana dalam kondisi ini organisasi mencapai kinerja baik, namun pada tingkat yang paling minimum karena kinerjanya sama denagn standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 215, "width": 371, "height": 56, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Kinerja < standar, dimana dalam kondisi ini organisasi mencapai kinerja yang buruk atau tidak sesuai dengan yang diharapkan karena berada di bawah standar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 278, "width": 371, "height": 35, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yang perlu diperhatikan di sini adalah bahwa untuk penilaian kinerja pada praktiknya berbeda-beda tergantung dari apa yang akan dinilai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 319, "width": 152, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Mengambil tindakan korektif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 142, "top": 339, "width": 371, "height": 175, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pengawasan tidak lengkap, jika tidak diambil tindakan untuk membetulkan penyimpangan yang terjadi. Berkaitan dengan proses kontrol ada pertanyaan yang mengganjal, sebenarnya apa yang harus dikontrol? Humble mengatakan tiga macam pemeriksaan yaitu pemeriksaan terhadap karya, kemampuan dan gaji. Robbin mengemukakan empat hal yang perlu dikontrol yaitu kualitas, kuantitas, biaya dan waktu. Mitchell mengatakan bahwa kontrol mencakup segala bagian organisasi mulai dari perencanaan, seleksi personalia, pembinaan personalia, anggaran belanja, penilaian perilaku, cara bekerja sampai dengan efektivitas pemekaian dana. 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 534, "width": 288, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F. Implementasi Controling dalam lembaga pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 554, "width": 386, "height": 75, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam tahap implementasinya, pelaksanaan controlling juga perlu memperhatikan beberapa persyaratan atau prinsip-prinsip penting yang dapat memperkuat posisinya sesuai fungsi yang diharapkan. Persyaratan atau prinsip- prinsip yang dimaksud, di antaranya adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 635, "width": 164, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Telah terencana dengan matang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 655, "width": 335, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Memiliki Prosedur Operasional Standar ( Standard Operational Procedur )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 676, "width": 315, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Dijalankan oleh orang yang amanah dan berkapasitas ( competence )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 128, "top": 696, "width": 175, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Akuntabel/transparan dan tertulis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 744, "width": 309, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "23 Made Pidarta, Manajemen Pendidikan Indonesia, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2011) 72", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 113, "width": 190, "height": 15, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Efisien dalam penggunaan anggaran. 24", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 134, "width": 386, "height": 54, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jika prinsip-prinsip ini telah dimiliki oleh setiap organisasi dalam aktivitas pengawasan yang dijalankan, setidaknya akan dapat memiminimalisir segala bentuk permasalahan yang terjadi di lapangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 195, "width": 386, "height": 196, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Melalui prinsip-prinsip pengawasan di atas, maka upaya pengawasan atau pengendalian perlu dilakukan secara maksimal oleh unsur-unsur yang terkait dalam sebuah organisasi. Dalam teori manajemen modern, terdapat beberapa teori yang menjelaskan tentang langkah-langkah dalam proses pengawasan. Di antaranya menurut Kadarman bahwa langkah-langkah pengawasan terdiri atas: (1) Menetapkan Standar, yang dilakukan dari proses perencanaan; (2) Mengukur Kinerja, yakni mengukur atau mengevaluasi kinerja yang dicapai terhadap standar yang telah ditentukan; (3) Memperbaiki Penyimpangan, karena proses pengawasan tidak akan lengkap jika tidak ada tindakan perbaikan terhadap penyimpangan- penyimpangan yang terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 397, "width": 386, "height": 217, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun elemen yang diperlukan dalam proses pengawasan ini adalah: (1) Detektor, alat/ petugas untuk mengidentifikasi apa yang sedang terjadi dalam suatu kegiatan; (2) Assesor, yaitu alat/petugas untuk menentukan ketepatan kerja; (3) umum dapat dipahami bahwa suatu organisasi yang dalam aspek kegiatannya terus bergerak dan semakin kompleks dari waktu ke waktu dengan banyaknya sumber daya yang ada sangat memungkinkan berbuat kesalahan atau menyimpang dari tujuannya. Guna mengevaluasi atas hasil kegiatan yang telah dilakukan, membuat fungsi pengawasan semakin penting kedudukannya dalam setiap organisasi. Tanpa adanya pengawasan yang baik, bisa jadi tujuan yang hendak dicapai akan kurang maksimal, baik bagi organisasinya itu sendiri maupun bagi sumber daya manusia yang ada di dalamnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 637, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C. Penutup", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 657, "width": 386, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan deskripsi uraian yang telah dipaparkan tentang studi al- Qur’an dan Hadits mengenai konsep controlling , maka dapat disimpulkan beberapa hal sebagai berikut: Controlling yang bermakna pengendalian, pengawasan atau kontrol,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 735, "width": 394, "height": 22, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "24 Edward Sallis, Total Quality Management in Education (Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan), terj. Ahmad Ali Riyadi & Fahrurrozi (Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2011), h. 58", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 383, "top": 35, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Maharani Wicahyaningtyas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 778, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Idaroh - ISSN: 2549-8339 EISSN: 2579-3683│46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 128, "top": 114, "width": 386, "height": 216, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "secara sederhana dapat diartikan sebagai suatu proses penyesuaian pergerakan antara organisasi dengan tujuannya. Manusia sebagai seorang pengemban amanah dapat melakukan tugasnya dengan optimal sebagai bentuk tanggung jawab terhadap Alloh dan lembaga yang memberi mandat bila benar-benar menyadari selalu diawasi Alloh serta para malaikat. Pengawasan sebagai upaya pengecekan atas jalannya perencanaan ( planning ) dalam organisasi untuk menghindari kegagalan atau akibat yang lebih buruk. Mengenai faktor ini, al- Qur’an memberikan konsepsi yang tegas agar hal yang bersifat merugikan tidak terjadi. Tekanan al- Qur’an lebih dahulu pada intropeksi, evaluasi diri pribadi sebagai pimpinan apakah sudah sejalan dengan pola dan tingkah berdasarkan planning dan program yang telah dirumuskan semula.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftara Rujukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 379, "width": 368, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alma, Buchari. Majemen Pemasaran dan Pemasaran Jasa , Bandung: Alfabeta, 1992.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 405, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anthony dan Govindarajan, Vijay. Management Control System , Mc Clelland Grawhill: Ninth Eition, 1998.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 444, "width": 371, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Endang Hendra. Al Quran terjemah , PT. Cordoba Internasional Indonesia, 2017.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 469, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ernie, Tisnawati Sule. Pengantar Manajemen , Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2005.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 508, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fattah, Nanang. Landasan Manajemen Pendidikan , Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2004.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 547, "width": 337, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hoetomo. Kamus Lengkap Bahasa Indonesia , Surabaya: Mitra Pelajar, 2005.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 573, "width": 350, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Dale, Developing Management Skill (terjemahan) (Jakarta: Gramedia, 2003.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 598, "width": 401, "height": 28, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Bin Isma’il Bin Ibrohim Bin al -Mughiroh Al-Bukhori, Shohih al-Bukhori . Bairu: Dar Ibnu Katsir al-Yamamah, No. 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 337, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pidarta, Made. Manajemen Pendidikan Indonesia, Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 663, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sallis, Edward. Total Quality Management in Education (Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan), terj. Ahmad Ali Riyadi & Fahrurrozi Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 702, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sallis, Edward. Total Quality Management in Education , Manajemen Mutu Pendidikan), terj. Ahmad Ali Riyadi & Fahrurrozi, Yogyakarta: IRCiSoD, 2011", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 35, "width": 276, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Controlling dalam Perspektif Al Qur ’ an dan Al Hadits", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 778, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47│Al-Idaroh - Volume 6 Nomer Maret 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 113, "width": 400, "height": 28, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Shihab, M. Quraish. Tafsir Al-Misbah (Pesan, Kesan, dan Keserasian Al- Qur’an) , Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2002", "type": "Text" } ]

7f302d1a-f3f1-d629-207e-e89e2b18ce54

https://journals.itb.ac.id/index.php/cbms/article/download/5767/3051

[ { "left": 85, "top": 91, "width": 161, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "COMMUN. BIOMATH. SCI., VOL. 1, NO. 1, PP. 1-12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 523, "top": 91, "width": 3, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 107, "top": 115, "width": 398, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mathematical models of dengue fever epidemiology: multi-strain dynamics, immunological aspects associated to disease severity and vaccines", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 173, "width": 166, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ma´ıra Aguiar 1 and Nico Stollenwerk 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 184, "width": 438, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Centre for Mathematics and Applications, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Nova University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 203, "width": 436, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Centro de Matem´atica, Aplicac¸˜oes Fundamentais e Investigac¸˜ao Operacional, Faculdade de Ciˆencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 223, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 260, "width": 33, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 275, "width": 402, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Epidemiological models formulated to describe the transmission of the disease and to predict future outbreaks, can become an interesting tool able to address specific public health questions, guiding public health authorities during implementation of disease control measures such as vector control and vaccination. In this paper, we survey a model framework for dengue fever epidemiology, the most important viral mosquito- borne disease in the world. Here, we discuss the role of number of subsequent infections versus detailed number of dengue serotypes included in the model framework and the human immunological aspects associated to disease severity, identifying the implications for model dynamics and its impact for vaccine implementation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 355, "width": 279, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Dengue fever, multi-strain models, vaccine, chaos, predictability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 262, "top": 384, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. I NTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In recent years, mathematical modeling became an important tool for understanding infectious disease epidemiology and dynamics, leading to great advances for disease control, providing tools for assessing the potential impact of different public health intervention measures. Dengue fever epidemiological dynamics shows large fluctuations in disease incidence, and several mathematical models describing the transmission of dengue viruses have been proposed to explain the irregular behavior of dengue epidemics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 442, "height": 97, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "With about 400 million dengue infections occurring every year [1], the disease is now considered the most important viral mosquito-borne disease in the world. Dengue fever is caused by four antigenically related but distinct serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4). Infection by one serotype confers life-long immunity to that serotype and a period of temporary cross-immunity to other serotypes. Clinical response on exposure to a second serotype is complex and may depend on factors such as patient age, dengue serotype, sequence of infection and the interval between infection by one serotype and exposure to a second serotype. Sequential infection increases the risk of developing severe dengue, due to a process described as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), where the pre-existing antibodies to previous dengue infection enhances the new infection [2], [3], [4].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 552, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengue fever epidemiological dynamics shows large fluctuations in disease incidence, and several math- ematical models describing the transmission of dengue viruses have been proposed to explain the irregular behavior of dengue epidemics. Most of the models developed try to incorporate factors focusing on several different aspects of the disease combined with biological aspects of the vector and possible intervention measures, leading to a higher dimensional systems with hundreds of parameters that would need to be estimated from fewer available empirical data. The problem becomes mathematically difficult and to be predictive and not get lost in unnecessary components of a model, parsimony is often needed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A careful review of deterministic dengue modeling was recently published [5], where two main approaches were considered, the vector-host and the (indirect) host-to-host transmission. In the first approach, the fluctuations in the mosquito dynamics and climate change are included and assumed to affect the disease transmission [6], [8], while in the second approach the effect of seasonality (mimicking the vectorial dynamics) appear to be essential to explain the intra-annual fluctuations in disease cases [9], [10]. Incidence maps have", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 442, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received August 29 th , 2017 , Revised October 1 st , 2017 , Accepted for publication October 17 th , 2017 . Copyright ©2017 Published by Bio Mathematical Society, e-ISSN: 2549-2896, DOI: 10.5614/cbms.2017.1.1.1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 63, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "also gained importance in the last years, giving visual insights on disease occurrence [1], [11] and vector abundance for example [12]; however, this surveillance tool is still difficult to be accurately used in the public health context of local disease intervention, given their static output (in contrast to the chaotic fluctuations in disease incidences), their complexity and the need of a constant good data input. The same difficulty is expected when dealing with more complex models including four different strains and vector dynamics individual based models and age-structure [13], [14].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In this survey we discuss some modeling framework recently used by the World Health Organization (WHO) to recommend the newly licensed dengue vaccine. We focus on the biological aspects of dengue fever epidemiology, identifying its implications for model dynamics and its impact for disease prevention and control.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 238, "width": 436, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. M ULTI - STRAIN D YNAMICS , A NTIBODY -D EPENDENT E NHANCEMENT AND T EMPORARY C ROSS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 249, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I MMUNITY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Multi-strain dengue dynamics are generally modeled with extended SIR-type models and the combination of biological aspects such as temporary cross-immunity and the ADE effect have been studied by several authors. Modeling attention has first focused on higher viral load of hosts on secondary dengue infections due to ADE, but neglecting temporary cross-immunity, reporting deterministically chaotic attractors [6] and chaos desynchronization [15], [16] to explain the co-existence of the four dengue viral strains. Temporary cross-immunity was later incorporated in mathematical models as well, but again limiting the effect of ADE to increase the contribution of secondary cases to the force of infection, without further systematic investigation of the possible dynamical structures in these models [8], [13], [17], [18].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aguiar et al. [19], [20] have investigated a two-infection dengue model, combining the effect of temporary cross-immunity and ADE, an extension of a model initially suggested and preliminarily analyzed in Ferguson et al. [6], where a rich dynamical behavior [7], from bifurcations up to deterministic chaos was found in wider and not previously described parameter regions, no longer needing to restrict the infectivity on secondary infection to be much higher than on primary infections (see Fig.1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 414, "width": 394, "height": 182, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "-100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 ln(Infected) ADE ratio ( φ ) -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 H P TR P T ln(Infected) ADE ratio ( φ ) (a) (b)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 604, "width": 442, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 1: Bifurcation diagrams of attractors changing with one model parameter, the ADE ratio φ . Plotted are local maxima and minima of the attractors. a) For very small φ we observe fixed points, then periodic behaviour, followed by complex behaviour for phi smaller 1. Complex behaviour is found again, after periodic windows, for large ADE ratio phi around 3. b) Comparison of the numerical bifurcation diagram with an analysis of bifurcation software, AUTO, revealing the types of bifurcations, Hopf bifurcation H , pitchfork P and torus bifurcation T from limit cycles into tori from where more complex behaviour such deterministic chaos originates, until boundary crises again into periodic behaviour.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "However, in order to be able to reproduce the yearly cycle in dengue incidence seasonal forcing and a low import of infected have to be included in the models [9]. The minimalistic model proposed in [9] has shown", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "complex dynamics and qualitatively a good agreement between empirical data and model simulation. Note that for our deterministic system, Lyapunov exponents calculations were performed in order to quantify its prediction horizon, where beyond this prediction horizon we have unpredictability. For the chaotic region of φ = 0 . 9 , the dominant Lyapunov exponent is 0 . 1118 giving ≈ 10 years of prediction horizon in the monthly time series. In Fig. 2 we present two of the many different matching possibilities, able to describe a 5 year period of empirical data, from 1983 to 1994 and from 2002 to 2012, respectively, with a good qualitative (and even quantitative) agreement with our model simulation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 215, "width": 404, "height": 300, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 Hospitalized cases time (years) Chiang Mai Empirical Data 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 Hospitalized cases time (years) Model Simulation (a) (b) 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 Hospitalized Cases time (years) Model Simulation Chiang Mai Empirical Data 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Hospitalized Cases time (years) Model Simulation Chiang Mai Empirical Data (c) (d)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 442, "height": 58, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 2: Time series analysis. In a) the empirical data for hospital admission cases in Chiang Mai Province, North of Thailand. In b) the seasonal two-serotype model simulation, showing deterministic chaotic behavior confirmed by a positive Lyapunov exponent. The prediction horizon in the deterministic system is of approximately 10 years. The model shows similar pattern as the empirical data, with yearly irregular oscillations. The two-serotype model was validated and parametrized via data matching. As an example of the many different matching possibilities, we plot in c) and in d) 10 years of time series simulations with empirical data, from 1983 to 1994 and from 2002 to 2012 respectively.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Since then, the restrictive assumption of much higher contribution to the force of infection of secondary infectivity that was previously necessary to generate complex dynamics could be relaxed significantly when taking the temporary cross-immunity into account.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The findings of wide ranges of chaotic attractors have opened new ways to the analysis of existing data sets, indicating that deterministic chaos is much more important in multi-strain models than previously thought.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 678, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "More than ever, temporary cross-immunity has turned out to be an important biological feature when mod- eling dengue fever epidemiology and has become an important ingredient for dengue modeling development, more often used in new modeling approaches [21].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 151, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1. The two strain dengue model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The minimalistic two-serotype model proposed by Aguiar et al. [9] is able to capture differences between primary and secondary dengue infection, including temporary cross-immunity and ADE. Only two possible infections are considered, primary and secondary, an assumption validated because of the low frequency of tertiary and quaternary infections among hospital cohorts [29]. The four-serotype model is represented in Fig. 3 using a state flow diagram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 3: State flow diagram for two-infection two-serotype dengue model. The Force of Infection (FoI) is explicitly given by β ( I 1 + I 2 + ρN + φ ( I 12 + I 21 ) , where β takes the seasonal forcing into account as a cosine function β ( t ) = β 0 (1 + η · cos( ωt )) , mimicking vector dynamics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The complete system of ordinary differential equations for the seasonal multi-strain epidemiological model is shown in system (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 568, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The effects of the vector dynamics are only taken into account by the force of infection parameters in the SIR-type model, but not modeling this mechanisms explicitly [30]. The parameter β takes the seasonal forcing into account as a cosine function.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 442, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The temporary cross-immunity period and the recovery rate are parametrized by α and γ respectively. The population size N is constant and the demography (birth and death rates) is parametrized by µ . Susceptible individuals can become infected also by meeting an infected individual from an external population contribut- ing to the force of infection with an import parameter ρ . The parameter φ introduces the ADE ratio, i.e., secondary infection contribution to the force of infection. In this way, individuals with a primary infection and with a secondary infection transmit disease differently, with infection rate β and φβ respectively. The dynamics of the system is described as follows. For two different strains, 1 and 2 , we label the SIR classes for the hosts that have been infected naturally by individual strains. Individuals start as seronegative susceptibles ( S ) and can acquire a natural first infection ( I 1 ) or ( I 2 ) with a specific dengue serotype. Individuals recover from a primary infection ( R 1 ) or ( R 2 ) and after a period of temporary cross-immunity,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "become seropositive (monotypic) susceptibles ( S 1 ) or ( S 2 ), now immune to one serotype and able to acquire a natural secondary dengue infection with a different serotype ( I 12 ) or ( I 21 ). Finally, individuals recover from a secondary infection ( R ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "We assume that individuals experiencing a secondary infection are assumed to have higher risk (than primarily infected individuals) of developing clinically apparent and severe disease with hospitalization. For a more detailed description, see [9]. The parameter values are given in Table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 186, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The minimalistic model successfully described large fluctuations observed in empirical outbreak data (see Fig. 2), estimating lower infection rate for secondary dengue infected individuals than for primary infected, anticipating results published recently in Duong et al. [31], where persons with unapparent dengue infections were more infectious to mosquitoes than clinically symptomatic patients.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 252, "width": 310, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ S = − β ( t ) N S ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) − β ( t ) N S ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) + µ ( N − S )", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 283, "width": 182, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 1 = β ( t ) N S ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 314, "width": 366, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 2 = β ( t ) N S ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 2 ˙ R 1 = γI 1 − ( α + µ ) R 1 ˙ R 2 = γI 2 − ( α + µ ) R 2 (1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 399, "width": 202, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ S 1 = − β ( t ) N S 1 ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) + αR 1 − µS 1", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 430, "width": 202, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ S 2 = − β ( t ) N S 2 ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) + αR 2 − µS 2", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 460, "width": 194, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 12 = β ( t ) N S 1 ( I 2 + ρ · N + φI 12 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 12", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 161, "top": 491, "width": 194, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "˙ I 21 = β ( t ) N S 2 ( I 1 + ρ · N + φI 21 ) − ( γ + µ ) I 21 ˙ R = γ ( I 12 + I 21 ) − µR", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 159, "top": 580, "width": 294, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE I: Parameter set for the minimalistic two-strain dengue model.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 214, "top": 604, "width": 55, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Par. Description", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 214, "top": 604, "width": 184, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Values Ref N population size 1 . 6 million [9] µ birth and death rate 1 / 65 y [9] γ recovery rate 52 y − 1 [9] β 0 infection rate 2 · γ [9] η degree of seasonality 0 . 35 [9] ρ import parameter 0 to 10 − 10 [9] α temporary cross-immunity rate 2 y − 1 [9] φ ratio of secondary infections contributing to force of infection 0 . 9 [9]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2. The four strain dengue model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 134, "width": 442, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Further extension of the previously studied model by Aguiar et al. [9] was performed, showing that the combination of temporary cross-immunity and ADE are the most important feature to drive the complex dynamics in the system, more than the detailed number of dengue serotypes to be added in the model [22]. For both models a qualitatively good result were obtained when comparing empirical data and model simulation, with similar patterns of the irregular behavior (see Fig. 5). The model is represented in Fig. 4 using a state flow diagram.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 4: State flow diagram for two-infection four-serotype dengue model. The Force of Infection (FoI) is explicitly given by β ( I 1 + I 2 + I 3 + I 4 + ρN + φ ( I 12 + I 13 + I 14 + I 21 + I 23 + I 24 + I 31 + I 32 + I 34 + I 41 + I 42 + I 43 ) , where β takes the seasonal forcing into account as a cosine function β ( t ) = β 0 (1 + η · cos( ωt )) , mimicking vector dynamics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 502, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The system dynamics are similar to the dynamics described for the two-serotype model. Again with only two possible infections but now with four strains, thus more infection possibilities. For a more detailed description of the four-serotype model, see [22].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The numerical bifurcation analysis has shown that chaotic dynamics appear to happen at the same parameter region of interest. For both models, a similar structure and the same order of magnitude of the dominant Lyapunov exponent were observed. This study has confirmed that the practical predictability of the system does not change significantly when considering two or four serotypes in the model assumptions, where the prediction horizon in a time series is in the same range for both models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 607, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. T HE IMPACT OF VACCINE IMPLEMENTATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Since 2016, a dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia, marketed by Sanofi Pasteur, is licensed for use in 19 endemic countries. Analysis of phase III trials’ results suggested high rates of protection of vaccinated dengue seropositive individuals, but also high rates of hospitalizations during breakthrough dengue infections of persons who were vaccinated when seronegative [23]. The latter result indicates that Dengvaxia appears to induce dengue infection-enhancing antibodies (ADE) [24]. The availability of a vaccine for dengue with varying levels of efficacy against the different serotypes and potential counter-effects [25] makes extremely relevant the assessment of the potential effects of mass vaccination in endemic areas, as well as of different response policies in case of new vaccine licensure and implementation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 114, "width": 416, "height": 125, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1980 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020 Second. Infections time (years) two-strain model simulation 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 Second. Infections time (years) four-strain model simulation (a) (b)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 442, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 5: Using the same parameter set, in a) the two-serotype model simulation and in b) the four-serotype model simulation. Parameter values are given in Table 1. For both models, similar patterns are observed with yearly irregular behavior and same prediction horizon estimated by the Lyapunov exponents’ calculations. The effective dimension of the two serotype model is 9 while of the four serotype model 25. The law of parsimony that recommends selecting the hypothesis that makes the fewest assumptions, implies that the 9 dimensional two-serotype model would be the better candidate than the 25 dimensional four-serotype model to be analyzed, capturing the essential differences of primary versus secondary infection without needing to restrict the ADE effect to one or another region in parameter space.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengvaxia was recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) Strategic Advisory Group of Experts (SAGE) on immunisation [23], based partially on modeling results [26], [27] estimating an overall reduction of 10 − 30% of dengue hospitalizations, over a period of 30 years, when this vaccine is yearly administrated in 80% of children (just) 9 years of age, living in high dengue endemic areas of more than 50% seroprevalence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Opposing this prediction, Aguiar et al., have discussed the risks behind this vaccine recommendation [25], [32], after analyzing an age structured model [28]. Using the public available vaccine trial data, vaccine efficacy was estimated via the Bayesian approach [33], predicting a significant reduction of hospitalizations only when the vaccine is given to seropositive individuals [28].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 258, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1. Vaccine efficacy estimation via the Bayesian approach", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 442, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Using the data for the newly licensed dengue vaccine trial in the Asian-Pacific region (CYD14), with participants age between 2-14, as reported in [34], and for the Latin America (CYD15), which has enrolled individuals from 9-14 years of age, as reported in [35], we have estimated the vaccine efficacy (VE) via the Bayesian approach [36], [37], to obtain explicitly a probability p ( k | I v , I c ) for the vaccine efficacy k with infected individuals (with I v in the vaccine group and I c in the placebo group). We obtained a statistical description of the vaccine trial data that were in very good agreement with the published results for the vaccine efficacy for confirmed dengue cases during the year 1 and 2 of the trials. The Bayesian estimates of the vaccine efficacy for confirmed dengue cases during the years 1-2 in the CYD14 and CYD15 trials is shown in Table 2. Note that the uninformed Bayesian prior might have a slight influence mainly in the confidence interval values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 600, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE II: Bayesian estimates of the VE for confirmed dengue cases during the years 1-2 in the CYD14 and CYD15 trials", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 635, "width": 311, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Published Estimates Our Estimates Ref Latin America Region (CYD15) 56.5% 95%-CI (43.8;66.4) 56.56% 95%-CI (44.4;66.2) [28], [34] Asian-Pacific Region (CYD14) 60.8% 95%-CI (52.0;68) 60.76% 95%-CI (52.2;70.5) [28], [35] Overall VE (CYD14+CYD15) – 59.2% 95%-CI (52.4;66) [28], [33]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Using the combined data from Sanofi-Pasteurs dengue vaccine trials (CDY14 and CYD15) we estimated the overall vaccine efficacy, via the Bayesian approach, to obtain a probability for the combined vaccine efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 118, "width": 442, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "based on the empirical data from Asian-Pacific and the Latin American trials [34], [35]. The Bayesian estimate of the combined vaccine efficacy trials is k = 59 . 2% with a 95% -CI of ( 52 . 4 ; 65 . 0 ) as shown in Table 2. Using the same methodology, the specific vaccine efficacy against each dengue serotypes was analyzed, revealing a scenario where any possible common efficacy for all serotypes is statistical excluded.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 161, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "While results from years 12 have demonstrated an intermediate efficacy for confirmed dengue cases, in the year 3, vaccine efficacy for hospitalized dengue cases was found to be considerably smaller for seronegative individuals at baseline (individuals that have never been infected by a dengue virus prior to the vaccine trial) than for individuals who were seropositive at baseline (individuals that have been infected by a dengue virus prior to the vaccine trial) [23], [38]. Moreover, a negative vaccine efficacy was estimated, for the years 3 and 4 of the CYD14 trial, with vaccine disease-enhancement in younger children, which were in its majority seronegatives [28], [32]. For a more detailed calculation, see [28], [37].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 237, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Note that the CYD14 is of interest given the possibility to evaluate both age groups, individuals under and older 9 years of age. The Bayesian estimates of the vaccine efficacy for hospitalized dengue cases during the years 3-4 in the CYD14 trial is shown in Table 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE III: Bayesian estimates of the VE for hospitalized dengue cases during the years 3-4 in the CYD14 trial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 322, "width": 272, "height": 102, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "CYD14 trial (age groups) Year VE estimation Ref 2-5 years 3 -520% 95%-CI (-5089;-14.1) [23], [28], [32], [38] 2-5 years 4 -40.8% 95%-CI (-253.5;36.8) [23], [28], [32], [38] 6-8 years 3 60% 95%-CI (-86;92.0) [23], [28], [32], [38] 6-8 years 4 0% 95%-CI (-153;57) [23], [28], [32], [38] 2-8 years 3 -55.4% 95%-CI (-318.1;33.3) [23], [28], [32], [38] 2-8 years 4 -18.1% 95%-CI (-117,1;32,3) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-11 3 2.5% 95%-CI (-330.2;73.2) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-11 4 -92.4% 95%-CI (-160.3;36.8) [23], [28], [32], [38] 11-14 3 75% 95%-CI (-74;98) [23], [28], [32], [38] 11-14 4 65% 95%-CI (0;89) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-14 3 42.9% 95%-CI (-59.5;79.2) [23], [28], [32], [38] 9-14 4 27.2% 95%-CI (-49.9;63.5) [23], [28], [32], [38]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 209, "top": 455, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. M ODELING VACCINE IMPLEMENTATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "To model the future vaccine impact, the minimalistic two-strain dengue model [9] was extended. An age structured model was developed based on the WHO recommendation to vaccinate persons age 9-45 years in dengue endemic countries.The model is represented in Fig 4 using a state flow diagram, where the population consists of a mixture of seronegative and seropositive individuals and only a percentage of individuals 9-45 years of age are vaccinated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 442, "height": 97, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Similarly to the assumptions used in the WHO-SAGE modeling exercise, the model is constructed such the vaccine in seronegative individuals acts like a asymptomatic natural (first) infection providing a short-term protection against the four dengue serotypes. As the immunity wains, those individuals have high probability of symptomatic and severe disease when acquiring a natural primary infection. Vaccine efficacy for seropositive individuals was assumed to be close to 100% , preventing dengue infections and hospitalization of monotypic dengue immune individuals. Although more data in respect to individual sero-status prior to vaccination are still needed, for this analysis we have assumed that individuals of any age who have experienced at least one dengue virus infection will benefit from vaccination but when seronegative, an increased risk of vaccine disease enhancement exists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 442, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Insights from our mathematical modeling have shown that high rates of reduction of hospitalizations can be achieved when vaccinating only seropositive individuals. While dengue infections of seropositive individuals will be prevented, vaccination of seronegative persons increases hospitalization (see Fig. 5). The detailed modeling analysis can be found in [28]. The model parameters are shown in Table 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 675, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. D ISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "In this survey we analyzed a modeling framework and assumptions recently used to asses the impact of the newly licensed dengue vaccine.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 85, "width": 5, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 442, "height": 215, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 6: Flow diagram for age-structured two-infection two-serotype dengue model with vaccination. Hospitalizations are only possible in the classes marked in red. The Force of Infection (FoI) is explicitly given by β ( I 1 + I 2 + I b 1 + I b 2 + I e 1 + I e 2 + ρN + φ ( I 12 + I 21 + I b 12 + I b 21 + I e 12 + I e 21 ) + φ v ( I v 1 + I v 2 . )) . 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Dengvaxia implementation Coverage: 4% of Seroneg. + Seropos. 9-45 years old individuals per year Hospitalizations All age groups (1-65y) time (years) Model, no vaccination After vaccination (serop. + seroneg) After vaccination (serop. only)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 256, "top": 427, "width": 183, "height": 6, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Chiang Mai empirical data (Hospital admission dengue cases)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 442, "height": 89, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fig. 7: Model simulation of hospitalizations in a population between 165 year-old. The last 5 years of available empirical data (in purple) were matched with the model simulation prior to vaccination (in orange) and prediction was made for the following 5 years, after vaccine implementation covering yearly 4% of the target group between 9-45 years of age, from 2016 to 2021. Hospitalizations occurring after yearly vaccination of both seropositives and seronegatives, ages 9-45 years, are shown as a gray line. However, when restricting this vaccine to seropositive only, 9-45 years of age, high rates of reduction of hospitalizations can be achieved (in blue). For this simulation, no extra risk of vaccine disease enhancement, compared with hospitalizations of individuals hospitalized when acquiring a natural secondary infection, was considered. However, if that would be the case, the number of hospitalization without population screening would be much larger (see [28]).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 231, "top": 86, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AGUIAR, M. and STOLLENWERK, N.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 192, "top": 123, "width": 229, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TABLE IV: Estimated parameter set via data matching", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 151, "top": 145, "width": 257, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Par. Description Values Ref N population size 1 . 65 million inhabitants [9], [28] µ birth and death rate 1 / 65 y [9], [28] γ recovery rate 52 y − 1 [9], [28] β effective infection rate 2 γ [9], [28] η degree of seasonality 0 . 35 [9], [28] ϕ phase of seasonality 3 / 12 y [9], [28] ρ import parameter 10 − 8 [9], [28] α temporary cross-immunity rate 2 y − 1 [9], [28]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 151, "top": 221, "width": 310, "height": 62, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "φ = φ v ratio of secondary infections contributing to force of infection 0 . 9 [2], [3], [4], [9], [28], [31] υ vaccination rate 1 / 1 y [28], [34], [35], [38] p = s proportion of vaccinated population 4% per year [28] k 1 estimated vaccine efficacy for hospitalization under 9 y − 0 . 55 [28], [37], [38] k 2 estimated vaccine efficacy for hospitalization older 9 y 0 . 9 [28], [38]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 442, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Starting from a basic two-serotype SIR-type model for the host population, model extensions were in- vestigated and the role of the detailed number of dengue serotypes to be included into the framework was discussed. The minimalistic model proposed by Aguiar et al. [9] in its simplicity as a good model to be analyzed, giving the expected complex behavior to explain the fluctuations observed in empirical data. It can capture the essential differences of primary versus secondary infection without needing to restrict the ADE effect to one or another region in parameter space. Moreover, the model has shown a qualitatively good result when comparing empirical incidence data and model simulations, anticipating results published recently in Duong et al. [31], where persons with unapparent dengue infections were more infectious to mosquitoes than clinically symptomatic patients.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 442, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Focusing on the biological aspects of dengue fever epidemiology and its implications for model dynamics, the analysis of the four-serotype dengue model [22] have shown that the combination of temporary cross- immunity and ADE are the most important feature to drive the complex dynamics in the system, with chaotic behavior appearing at the same parameter region of interest. By using the same parameter set, prediction horizon was observed to be similar for both models, the two and four-serotypes models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 442, "height": 64, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "To be predictive and not get lost in unnecessary components of a model, parsimony is often needed. For vaccine implementation, the two-serotype model with two possible infections was selected and extended. Using similar assumptions as some models in the WHO-SAGE modeling consortia, our model [28] was constructed assuming that individuals of any age who have experienced at least one dengue virus infection would benefit from vaccination but when seronegative, an increased risk of vaccine disease enhancement would be experienced.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vaccine efficacy in preventing hospitalized dengue cases was estimated using the data available in [23], [38], via the Bayesian approach [36], [37]. Chaotic behavior exists in many natural systems and in the case of our deterministic system, whose behavior can in principle be predicted for approximately 10 years, model was parameterized by matching the last 5 years of available empirical hospitalized dengue data for Chiang Mai with model simulations and predictions for disease outcome after vaccine implementation were evaluated for a period of 5 years. This time-frame seams to be acceptable, since neither seroprevalence nor vaccine efficacy are static quantities, and therefore, a prediction of 30 years raises questions of the validity of the recommendation by the WHO-SAGE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 442, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Our results suggested that reserving vaccine for seropositive individuals should provide a high level of protection whereas vaccinating indiscriminately could increase the number of hospitalizations also on the population level.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "We are concerned about seronegatives at any age receiving this vaccine and a question that needs to be addressed at all prospective vaccination sites is which screening test to choose to identify seropositives, since ELISA IgG tests vary in specificity [25], [32].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 700, "width": 2, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 86, "width": 268, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF DENGUE FEVER EPIDEMIOLOGY", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 517, "top": 85, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "11", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 255, "top": 117, "width": 102, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A CKNOWLEDGEMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This work was supported by Strategic Project UID/MAT/00297/2013 (Centro de Matem´atica e Aplicac¸˜es, Universidade Nova de Lisboa)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 171, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "R EFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 189, "width": 438, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[1] Bhatt, S., Gething, P.W., Brady, O.J., Messina, J.P., Farlow, A.W., Moyes, C.L., Drake, J.M., Brownstein, J.S., Hoen, A.G., Sankoh, O., Myers, M.F., George, D.B., Jaenisch, T., Wint, G.R.W., Simmons, C.P., Scott, T.W., Farrar, J.J., and Hay, S.I. 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09df529c-c70c-f118-6f8b-bbf119bbbed6

https://journal.isi.ac.id/index.php/dkv/article/download/879/190

[]

faecaeb1-06a3-c79a-fc4a-1a6b3f21b31b

https://pusdikra-publishing.com/index.php/jsr/article/download/713/615

[ { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "136", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 156, "top": 52, "width": 307, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment: Journal of Science and Research Volume 3, Issue 2, Juli 2022 Journal Homepage: http://pusdikra-publishing.com/index.php/jsr", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 135, "width": 474, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kemampuan Menganalisis Struktur Cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang Di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Oleh Siswa Kelas Xi Mas Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 253, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Emma Nila Hastiana Harahap 1 , Tiflatul Husna 2 1,2 Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al Washliyah, Medan Corresponding Author : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 232, "width": 59, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 246, "width": 331, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan menganalisis unsur- unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berbentuk esai yang diberikan kepada 34 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ternyata ditemukan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen mencapai nilai rata-rata 80,67 dan berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden telah memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 416, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci Analisis, Struktur Cerpen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 474, "height": 220, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sastra merupakan suatu wadah dalam mengaplikasikan ide-ide gagasan dari pengarang dalam bentuk ungkapan bahasa yang mengesankan, baik secara lisan maupun tulisan. Penulis memaparkan, mengekspresikan, dan menuangkannya dalam bentuk tulisan-tulisan yang memiliki nyawa, yaitu berupa luapan emosi, paparan perasaan dan pikiran, pengalaman, ide, gagasan, semangat, penelitian, dan keyakinan- keyakinan yang dipertegas penulis dalam suatu karyanya. Di dalam sastra terdapat berbagai jenis kritik, saran, nasihat, dan juga pengetahuan yang berharga dari pengarang itu sendiri. Sehingga karya sastranya mampu berperan aktif dalam pendewasaan suatu masyarakat secara terus menerus dengan mengikuti gerak atau peristiwa yang terjadi di dalam kehidupan masyarakat(Aminuddin, 2015). Luxemburg, (1989) menyatakan, ”Sastra dapat dipandang sebagai suatu gejala sosial. Sastra yang ditulis pada suatu kurun waktu tertentu langsung berkaitan dengan norma- norma dan adat istiadat zaman itu”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 472, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengarang dalam karya sastra menyampaikan pesan-pesan moral melalui bahasa. Pesan disampaikan dengan bahasa sehingga terlihat nyata bagi para penikmat sastra. Jiwa manusia akan semakin arif jika menyatu dengan karya sastra. Sastra sebagai karya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "seni atau karya fiksi juga menghadirkan berbagai persoalan kehidupan yang menyertainya, yaitu berupa cerita rekaan yang diolah pengarang dalam bentuk tulisan berdasarkan pandangan dan penilaiannya terhadap peristiwa-peristiwa yang terjadi dalam kehidupan manusia, ataupun peristiwa yang terjadi dan hanya berlagsung dalam hayalan pengarang saja(Sayuti, 2000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 474, "height": 65, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengajaran sastra dalam kurikulum pendidikan dimasukan ke dalam pengajaran bahasa Indonesia. Sastra merupakan bagian dari kesenian yang memiliki unsur keindahan atau estetis yang perlu dilestarikan dan dikembangkan sehingga perkembangannya mengikuti zaman yang maju dan modern(Asep, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 472, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran sastra seperti prosa, puisi, dan drama bertujuan agar siswa mampu menikmati, memahami, dan memanfaatkan karya sastra untuk mengembangkan kepribadian, memperluas wawasan kehidupan serta meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan berbahasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 472, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subana. M, (2000), menjelaskan bahwa tujuan pembelajaran sastra meliputi dua hal, yaitu memperoleh pengalaman, dan memperoleh pengetahuan sastra. Tujuan memperoleh pengalaman sastra dan memperoleh pengetahuan langsung atau melihat hal-hal langsung yang berkaitan dengan kegiatan sastra. Misalnya, siswa dilibatkan dengan kegiatan membaca karya sastra, siswa mendengarkan bacaan hasil karya sastra dan siswa disuruh menulis karya sastra.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 412, "width": 471, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sejalan dengan tujuan tersebut, pembelajaran sastra diharapkan para peserta didik mampu mengenal dirinya, budayanya, dan budaya orang lain serta mempunyai kemampuan analitik dan imajinatif dalam dirinya untuk menanggapi, mengkritis, dan merespon hal- hal yang terjadi di sekitarnya. Dengan demikian tujuan pembelajaran sastra adalah siswa mengetahui pengetahuan tentang sastra, mampu mengapresiasikan sastra, bersifat positif terhadap nilai – nilai sastra, karena sastra adalah cerminan kehidupan dan dapat mengembangkan kesusastraan Indonesia(Sudjana, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 471, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu bentuk karya sastra adalah cerita pendek (cerpen). Cerpen sebagai salah satu karya fiksi dibangun dari dua unsur, yaitu unsur intrinsik dan unsur ekstrinsik. Unsur intrinsik disebut sebagai struktur pembangun karya sastra cerpen itu sendiri. Unsur ekstrinsik adalah unsur-unsur yang berada di luar karya sastra itu. Meskipun tidak menjadi bagian di dalam cerpen, unsur ekstrinsik secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap totalitas cerita yang dihasilkan(Jurkiewicz, 2000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 471, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerpen merupakan bentuk prosa rekaan yang pendek. Pendek di sini masih mempersyaratkan adanya keutuhan cerita, bukan asal sedikit halaman karena pendek, permasalahan yang digarap tidak begitu kompleks. Biasanya menceritakan peristiwa atau kejadian sesaat. Oleh karena itu, bahasa yang digunakan juga bahasa yang sederhana (Siswanto, 2008:141). Melalui karya sastra para pembaca akan menikmati realitas imajinasi pengarang melalui tokoh, peristiwa dan latar yang disajikan. Karya sastra adalah refleksi pengarang tentang hidup dan kehidupan yang dipadu dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "138", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "daya imajinasi dan kreasi yang didukung oleh pengalaman dan pengamatannya atas kehidupan tersebut(Djojosuroto, 2006:184).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 472, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tarigan (Dalam Wicaksono, 2014:56) cerpen menimbulkan minat masyarakat yang cukup besar untuk membacanya. Hal itu disebabkan sifat cerpen yang singkat dan lengkap. Demikian juga pembaca dapat menikmati karya sastra itu dengan tidak perlu mengorbankan waktu yang terlalu lama. Oleh karena itu, peneliti menggunakan media cerpen sebagai bahan yang akan dianalisis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerpen memiliki unsur-unsur yang membangun yaitu unsur intrinsik dan unsur ekstrinsik. Unsur intrinsik adalah unsur-unsur yang membangun karya sastra itu sendiri. Unsur ekstrinsik adalah unsur-unsur yang berada di luar karya sastra itu(Nurgiantoro, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerpen juga mengandung nilai-nilai kehidupan sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam kehidupan yang dijalani oleh manusia sehari-hari. Nilai-nilai tersebut dapat dijadikan sebagai cermin kehidupan bermasyarakat. Tujuan menganalisis struktur cerpen adalah untuk mengetahui isi cerita karena di dalam cerita tersebut terdapat nilai-nilai kehidupan yang bermanfaat bagi pembaca(Munir, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 360, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti memilih untuk menganalisis unsur intrinsik cerpen. Dengan menganalisis unsur intrinsik akan diketahui unsur yang terdapat dalam sebuah cerpen. Unsur intrinsik yang dimaksud adalah, peristiwa, cerita, plot, penokohan, tema, latar, sudut pandang penceritaan, bahasa atau gaya bahasa, dan lain- lain(Listeani, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 446, "width": 471, "height": 185, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulis memilih cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” karya Farizal Sikumbang sebagai bahan untuk dianalisis. Cerita pendek “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” karya Farizal Sikumbang ini menggunakan bahasa yang mudah dipahami sehingga siswa mudah untuk menganalisisnya. Cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” karya Farizal berdasarkan analisis penulis, cerpen ini belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya sehingga peneliti menggunakan cerpen ini sebagai bahan penelitian. Selain itu, cerita pendek ini isinya menarik dan memberikan banyak nasihat sehingga sangat cocok sebagai bahan pembelajaran di kelas. Untuk itu peneliti menggunakan cerita pendek “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi D atang di Rumahmu” sebagai bahan untuk dianalisis. Analisis difokuskan pada unsur intrinsik, meliputi tema, tokoh dan penokohan, alur, latar, sudut pandang, amanat, dan gaya bahasa(Crindle.M, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 137, "height": 30, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN Desain Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Analisis deskriptif adalah analisis data dengan cara mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan data yang telah terkumpul sebagaimana adanya. Pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dikarenakan data penelitian berupa angka-angka(Kompri, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 221, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang menggunakan observasi, wawancara atau angket mengenai keadaan sekarang ini, mengenai subjek yang sedang kita teliti. Melalui angket dan sebagainya kita mengumpulkan data dan kemudian menguji hipotesis atau menjawab suatu pertanyaan. Melalui penelitian deskriptif ini peneliti akan memaparkan yang sebenarnya terjadi mengenai keadaan sekarang ini yang sedang diteliti. Metode penelitian kuantitatif diartikan sebagai metode penelitian yang berlandaskan pada filsafat positivisme, digunakan untuk meneliti pada populasi atau sampel tertentu, pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen penelitian, analisis data bersifat kuantitatif/statistik, dengan tujuan untuk mengaju hipotensis yang telah ditetapkan. Pendekatan kuantitatif ini digunakan oleh peneliti untuk mengukur tingkat keberhasilan siswa dalam menganalisis struktur cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Oleh Siswa Kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 309, "width": 129, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel dan Indikator", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 471, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arikunto, (2015:161) mengatakan “variabel adalah objek penelitian, atau apa yang menjadi titik perhatian suatu pe nelitian”.Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variabel bebas yaitu kemampuan menganalisis struktur cerpen. Sedangkan indikator adalah alat ukur yang berfungsi mengukur perolehan data varibel. Adapun indikator dalam penelitian ini adalah skor yang diperoleh siswa dari hasil tes kemampuan menganalisis struktur cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 445, "width": 120, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 471, "height": 151, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk memperoleh data yang diharapkan diperlukan alat yang dapat menyaring data dengan baik. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Arikunto (2004: 203) yang mengatakan “instrumen penelitian adalah alat atau fasilitas yang digunakan oleh peneliti dalam mengumpulkan data agar perkembangannya lebih mudah dan hasilnya lebih baik, dalam arti cermat, len gkap, dan sistematis sehingga lebih mudah diolah”. Dari penjelasan di atas, instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes berbentuk esai yang diberikan kepada 34 siswa. Tes esai digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kemampuan menganalisis struktur cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 616, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 633, "width": 402, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kriteria Penilaian Kemampuan Menganalisis Struktur Cerpen No. Aspek Yang Dinilai Kriteria Skor 1 Mampu menemukan dan menentukan unsur pembangun cerita pendek Menentukan tema 1-20 Menentukan alur 1-15 Menentukan latar 1-15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "140", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 156, "top": 86, "width": 359, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "““Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Menentukan penokohan 1-15 Menentukan amanat 1-15 Menentukan Sudut Pandang 1-10 Gaya Bahasa 1-10 Jumlah Skor 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 153, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 471, "height": 117, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sugiyono, (2017:284) teknik pengumpulan data merupakan langkah utama dalam penelitian, karena tujuan utama dari penelitian adalah mendapatkan data, jika peneliti tidak mengetahui teknik pengumpulan data maka peneliti tidak akan mendapat data yang memenuhi standar. Untuk memperoleh data yang diperhatikan maka penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa tes essai untuk mengukur pengetahuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur- unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Kar ya Farizal Sikumbang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 121, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang telah dikumpul selanjutnya akan dianalisis guna mencapai hasil yang maksimal. Langkah-langkah analisisnya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 379, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Mentabulasikan skor tes.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 396, "width": 447, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menghitung nilai rata-rata dan standar deviasi data sampel, yaitu data nilai siswa .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 251, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menghitung nilai rata-rata digunakan rumus :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 449, "width": 285, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = ∑ 𝑋 𝑁 (Sudjana, 2005 : 67)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 488, "width": 116, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑ 𝑋 = jumlah skor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 506, "width": 128, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N = jumlah sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 523, "width": 258, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menghitung standar deviasi digunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 544, "width": 275, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SD = √ (∑X 2 ) N − (∑X) 2 (N) 2 (Sudjana, 2005 : 95)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 589, "width": 134, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SD = standar deviasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 113, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑X = jumlah skor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 188, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑X 2 = jumlah skor dikuadratkan N = Jumlah sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "141", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 86, "width": 266, "height": 117, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skala Sigma Skala Seratus Skala Skor + 2,25 +1,75 +1,25 +0,75 +0,25 -0,25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 206, "width": 28, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "-0,75 -1,25 -1,75 -2,25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 237, "top": 103, "width": 21, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100 90", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 237, "top": 103, "width": 198, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Mean + ( 2,25) SD", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 338, "top": 121, "width": 91, "height": 151, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mean +(1,75) SD Mean +(1,25) SD Mean +(0,75) SD Mean +(0,25) SD Mean-(0,25) SD Mean-(0,75) SD Mean-(1,25) SD Mean-(1,75) SD Mean-(2,25) SD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 167, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil Tabulasi Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 471, "height": 152, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil tes kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik oleh siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan tahun pembelajaran 2021-2022 yang telah dilakukan, maka langkah-langkah selanjutnya adalah mengolah data-data tersebut. Tujuan pengolahan data adalah untuk mengetahui analisis dari unsur-unsur intrisik dari cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian berupa skor hasil tes menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik. Tes menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik yang dierjakan oleh siswa dengan jumlah anggota sampel 34 siswa. Skor tertinggi yang dicapai siswa adalah 95 sedangkan skor terendah adalah 60. Berikut ini data perolehan skor siswa yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 480, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 471, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Pemerolehan Skor Siswa Menganalisis Unsur- unsur Intrinsik Cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Berikut ini merupakan data yang ditabulasikan ke dalam tabel untuk menghitung kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur i ntrinsik Cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang Oleh Siswa Kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 yaitu sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 598, "width": 351, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Tabulasi Data No x f f(x) f(x2) 1 60 1 60 3600 2 65 2 130 8450 4 70 4 280 19600 6 75 3 225 16875", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "142", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 398, "height": 242, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 78 1 78 6084 9 79 2 158 12482 10 80 4 320 25600 12 85 7 595 50575 13 87 3 261 22707 14 88 2 176 15488 15 90 3 270 24300 16 95 2 190 18050 ∑x 952 34 2743 223811 Keterangan : X = skor siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik F = frekuensi kemunculan skor", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 332, "width": 378, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f(x) = frekuensi kemunculan skor dikalikan skor f(x2) = frekuensi kemunculan skor dikalikan skor yang dikuadratkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "∑x = frekuensi skor tabel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 384, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Nilai Mean dalam Menganalisis Unsur-unsur Intrinsik Dalam melakukan perhitungan nilai mean, rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 418, "width": 66, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 = ∑ 𝑋 𝑁", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 70, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 2743 34 = 80,67", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 471, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, nilai rata-rata kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik siswa kelas XI adalah 80,67. Untuk mencari konversi nilai siswa, perlu diketahui simpangan bakunya dengan menghitung:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 553, "width": 167, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SD = √ (∑X 2 ) N − (∑X) 2 (N) 2 = √ 𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟖𝟏𝟏 34 − (2743) 2 (34) 2 = √ 223811 34 − 7524049 1156", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= √6582,67 − 6508,69", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 95, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= √73,98 = 8,6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "143", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, simpangan baku untuk mengkonversikan nilai ke dalam skala seratus adalah 8,6. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jarak perbedaan skor yang diperoleh siswa dari nilai rata- rata adalah 8,6. Setelah diketahui skor rata-rata dari simpangan bakunya maka dapat diketahui konversi nilai siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 189, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 205, "width": 429, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konversi Nilai Rata-rata dalam Menganalisis Unsur-unsur Intrinsik Cerpen Skala", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 222, "width": 435, "height": 313, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sigma Skala Skor Skala Nilai Seratus Interval % Tingkat Penguasaan Keterangan + 2,25 80,67 + ( 2,25) 8,6 = 100,02 100 96% - 100% Sempurna +1,75 80,67 + (1,75) 8,6 = 95,72 90 86% - 95% Baik Sekali +1,25 80,67 + (1,25) 8,6 = 91,42 80 76% - 85% Baik +0,75 80,67 + (0,75) 8,6 = 87,12 70 66% - 75% Cukup +0,25 80,67 + (0,25) 8,6 = 82,82 60 56% - 65% Sedang -0,25 80,67 - (0,25) 8,6 = 78,52 50 46% - 55% Hampir Sedang -0,75 80,67 - (0,75) 8,6 = 74,22 40 36% - 45% Kurang -1,25 80,67 - (1,25) 8,6 = 69,92 30 26% - 35% Kurang Sekali -1,75 80,67 - (1,75) 8,6 = 65,62 20 16% - 25% Buruk -2,25 80,67 - (2,25) 8,6 = 61,32 10 0,5% - 15% Buruk Sekali", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 560, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jadi, dari skala tersebut nilai rata-rata siswa adalah 80,67 berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 132, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 472, "height": 88, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah data terkumpul dan dianalisis maka diperoleh hasil penelitian yaitu kemampuan siswa dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen dengan nilai rata- rata 2743 34 = 80,67. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 471, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diperoleh deskripsi penelitian. Keterkaitan hipotesis dengan hasil penelitian ada dua kemungkinan yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "144", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 85, "width": 372, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hipotesis diterima karena data signifikan dengan bunyi hipotesis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 103, "width": 394, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Hipotesis ditolak karena data tidak signifikan dengan bunyi hipotesis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 472, "height": 151, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bertitik tolak dari data yang terkumpul bahwa nilai kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen siswa kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 rata-rata 80,67 dan berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden telah memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan -Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang. Bila hasil ini dikaitkan dengan hasil hipotesis penelitian yang berbunyi “Siswa Kelas XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021-2022 mampu menganalisis unsur- unsur intrinsik cerpen”. Maka hipotesisi ini dapat diterima kebenarannnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 471, "height": 168, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan yang telah diuraikan, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan untuk menjawab rumusan masalah sebagai berikut: kemampuan menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang oleh siswa XI MAS Al Washliyah Medan Tahun Ajaran 2021- 2022 mendapat nilai rata-rata 80,67, dengan nilai terendah 60 dan nilai tertinggi 95, dan berada di dalam interval tingkat penguasaan 76% - 85% dalam kategori baik. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa responden telah memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam menganalisis unsur-unsur intrinsik cerpen “Ikan - Ikan Tak Lagi Datang di Rumahmu” Karya Farizal Sikumbang. Melihat data yang ada, maka hipotesis dalam penelitian ini diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 496, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 471, "height": 100, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada kesempatan ini, peneliti ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ayahanda Drs Imran Harahap dan Ibunda Dra Lismawaty Siregar serta keluarga tercinta. Penulis juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada Ibu Tiflatul Husna, S.Pd., M.Pd selaku pembimbing. Terima kasih kepada seluruh dosen serta staff Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Muslim Nusantara Al-Washliyah dan seluruh teman - teman FKIP stambuk 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 118, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 650, "width": 441, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminuddin. (2015). Pengantar Apresiasi Karya Sastra . Sinar Baru Algesindo. Arikunto. (2015). Pengantar Metode Penelitian Sosial Bisnis Manajemen . Rineka Cipta. Asep, H. A. (2008). Evaluasi Pembelajaran . Multi Pressindo. Crindle.M, M. (2020). Generation alpha . Djojosuroto, K. (2006). Analisis Teks Sastra dan Pengajarannya . Pustaka Pelajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 471, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2000). Generation X and the Public. Public Personnel Management", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 250, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education Achievment : Journal of Science and Research", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 792, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "145", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 49, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Employee , 29 (1) . Kompri. (2016). Motivasi Pembelajaran Perspektif Guru dan Siswa . Remaja Rosda Karya. Listeani, F. Y. (2020). Penggunaan Kosakata Bahasa Indonesia Pada Generasi Millenial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 137, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basastra , 9 (1) , 1 – 15. . Penggunaan kosakata bahasa indonesia pada generasi millenial %7C listeani %7C basastra (unimed.ac.id)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Luxemburg, Jan Van, D. (1989). Pengantar Ilmu Sastra . PT.Gramedia. Munir, A. (2012). Membangun Komunikasi Efektif Sebuah Upaya Mewujudkan Sekolah Yang Membahagiakan . Mentari Pustaka. Nurgiantoro, B. (2010). Teori Pengkajian Fiksi . Gajah Mada University.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 336, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sayuti, S. A. (2000). Berkenalan dengan Prosa Fiksi . Gama Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 408, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siswanto. (2008). Pengantar Teori Sastra . PT.Grasindo. Subana. M, S. (2000). Strategi Belajar Mengajar Bahasa Indonesia . 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bc43545d-a1b6-8ca0-214f-2186db2de536

https://ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id/index.php/JSAI/article/download/251/175

[ { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 123, "top": 86, "width": 382, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Growth and Exploitation Status of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in Waters Around Manokwari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 134, "width": 377, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan dan Status Pemanfaatan dari Cakalang ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) di Perairan Sekitar Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 176, "width": 395, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ridwan Sala 1* , Tasya Magdalena Br Siahaan 1 , Roni Bawole 1 , Mudjirahayu 2 , Mercy Patanda 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 217, "width": 398, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Papua University, Jalan Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, 98314, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 240, "width": 366, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Department of Fishery, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Papua University, Jalan Gunung Salju, Amban, Manokwari, 98314, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 263, "width": 398, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Department of Fishery Resource Utilization, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, University of Satya Negara Indonesia, Jalan Arteri Pondok Indah, 11, Jakarta Selatan, 12310, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 288, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 313, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 338, "width": 400, "height": 239, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ikan cakalang ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) merupakan ikan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi dan peluang permintaan pasar lokal maupun ekspor. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Agustus 2021 dengan mengumpulkan data hasil tangkapan dari nelayan di beberapa titik pendaratan ikan di Manokwari. Ikan cakalang tangkapan dari nelayan di tangkap di Perairan sekitar Manokwari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui distribusi ukuran, hubungan panjang dan berat, model pertumbuhan, laju mortalitas dan pemanfaatan ikan cakalang di Perairan sekitar Manokwari. Ukuran ikan cakalang yang diperoleh berkisar antara 260 mm dan 760 mm, dengan ukuran rata- rata berkisar antara 540 mm dan 595 mm. Hubungan antara panjang total dengan berat tubuh ikan cakalang mengikuti persamaan Log W = 0,00006 + 2,7702 Log L, dimana nilai b sebesar 2,7702 menunjukkan bahwa pola pertumbuhan ikan cakalang ( K. pelamis ) bersifat alometrik negatif. Model pertumbuhan menggunakan model von Bertalanffy, ditemukan panjang asimtot (L ∞ ) sebesar 792,75 mm, laju pertumbuhan (K) sebesar 0,75/tahun dan umur teoritis (t0) sebesar -0,0254 tahun. Mortalitas total (Z) sebesar 1,32/tahun. Mortalitas alami (M) sebesar 0,61/tahun. Mortalitas akibat penangkapan (F) sebesar 0,71/tahun. Laju eksploitasi sebesar 0,54/tahun menunjukkan bahwa laju eksploitasi ikan cakalang di perairan sekitar Manokwari sudah sedikit melebihi laju pemanfaatan optimum. Nilai spawning potential ratio (SPR) sebesar 16%, sudah lebih rendah dari batas titik acuan (20%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 593, "width": 372, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : hubungan panjang berat; Ikan cakalang; model pertumbuhan; Tingkat Pemanfaatan; Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 631, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) has high economic value and opportunities for local and export market demand. The present study aims to investigate growth and exploitation status of the resource. Data collection was carried out in April-August 2021 by collecting catch data from fishermen at four fish landing sites in Manokwari. Skipjack tuna caught from the fishermen were caught in the waters around Manokwari. The size of skipjack tuna measured ranged between 260 mm and 760 mm, with an average monthly size ranging between 540 mm and 595 mm. The relationship between total length and body weight of skipjack tuna followed the equation W = 0.00006L2.7702, where the b", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 217, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 397, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232 https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 399, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42 Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "value of 2.7702 indicates that the growth pattern of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) is negative allometric. The growth model using the von Bertalanffy model, found asymptote length (L ∞ ) of 792.75 mm, growth rate (K) of 0.75 year-1 and theoretical age (t0) of -0.0254 years. The total mortality (Z) was 1.32 yr -1 . Natural mortality (M) was 0.61 yr -1 . The mortality due to capture (F) was 0.71 yr -1 . The exploitation rate of 0.54 indicated that the exploitation rate of skipjack tuna in the waters around Manokwari has slightly exceeded the optimum utilization rate. The spawning potential ratio (SPR) value was 16%, which was less than the lower reference point (20%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 203, "width": 354, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Growth model, LWR, Manokwari, Skipjack Tuna, utilization rate,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 229, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 187, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The waters around Manokwari which are directly related to or become part of the western Pacific Ocean are very important in the context of the management and utilization of fishery resources, especially fish resources that are highly migratory such as skipjack tuna. Within the Pacific waters it has been identified as spawning ground areas for skipjack tuna ( Kiyofuji and Ochi, 2016). Utilization of fish resources, especially in the fisheries management area (WPP) 717 is still not optimal (Sala, 2017). However, its utilization has been widely carried out, especially skipjack tuna ( Katsuwonus pelamis ) in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 187, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manokwari production in 2016 of 5,163.60 tons (BPS Kab. Manokwari, 2020) and waters around West Papua in 2019 of 22,152 tons (KKP, 2022). So far, the types of fisheries that exploit resources are generally small-scale, so that the fishing fleet is concentrated in coastal waters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 187, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skipjack tuna is a fish that has high economic value and the opportunity for market demand is widely open. This encourages increased skipjack utilization so that it may brought about negative impact on the condition of the population. Research on skipjack tuna in the waters around Papua is still limited. For example, Sala (2017) found that based on an analysis of relative abundance based on data on fishing effort and skipjack catches around the waters in Papua's bird's head, there was a downward trend in skipjack tuna populations until the early 2000s due to high exploitation using purse seine and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 229, "width": 187, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pole and line fishing gears. The results of research from Sala and Manuhutu (2020) based on 2013 data, showed that skipjack catches by fishermen in the waters around Manokwari were dominated by small fish, which could be an indication of growth overfishing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 318, "width": 187, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sustainable management of fish resources does not prohibit fishing activities that are economic in nature but recommends that the level of utilization does not exceed the carrying capacity of the aquatic environment or the ability of fish resources to recover. Excessive utilization of fish resources will threaten the sustainability of fish resources, so that it can cause a decrease in fish populations. For this reason, there needs for a management measures for skipjack tuna capture (Jamal et al., 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 482, "width": 187, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several factors that directly affect population size are the births, growth and mortality. The present study is focused on a few aspects related to the dynamics of the population of skipjack, namely to investigate the size structure of the fish, growth patterns and models, mortality and exploitation status of skipjack tuna stocks in the waters around Manokwari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 609, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESEARCH METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 627, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Collection", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 646, "width": 187, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research was conducted in April-August 2021 in the waters around Manokwari. Sampling was carried out at 4 fishing landing sites, namely the Sanggeng Fish Landing Base (PPI), Borobudur Market, Pasirido, and Sowi 4 (Figure 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 236, "top": 346, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Map of research location", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 187, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Collection of skipjack sample data was carried out using a fisher-based survey approach. The number of samples taken was a minimum of 30% of the population at each fish landing site, for 7 days at each month. Data collection was conducted for five months (April to August). Each individual sample of skipjack was measured the total length using a 0.5 mm accuracy meter and the weight using digital scale with an accuracy of 1 g.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 535, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Analyzes", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 554, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Length and Weight Relationship (LWR)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 580, "width": 187, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The LWR was analyzed based on the following formula (Bal & Rao, 1984):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 604, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "W = aL b", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 618, "width": 142, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: W = Fish weight (grams) L = Total length of fish (mm) a and b = Constants", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 668, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The value of b was tested to determine whether the value of b obtained is significantly different from the value of 3 using a t-test (Weaver & Wuensch, 2013) as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 730, "width": 38, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝒕 = 𝒃−𝒃∗ 𝑺𝒃", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 370, "width": 162, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: Sb = Standard error of b b = Regression coefficient (slope) b* = set to 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 427, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Growth", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 441, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Growth model used to calculate the growth rate of skipjack tuna was based on the von Bertalanffy model with the following formula:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 378, "top": 490, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lt = L [ 1-exp -k(t-t0) ]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 510, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 522, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lt = Length of fish at age t", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 535, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L ∞ = Asymptote length of fish K = coefficient of growth rate t 0 = Theoritical age when the length is zerro", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 592, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Estimation of the value of t o used Pauly's (1980) empirical formula as follows: Log (-t 0 ) = -0.3952 – 0.2752 (Log L - 1.038 (Log K)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 655, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Mortality", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 674, "width": 187, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Calculation of the total mortality (Z) used catch curve converted to length method in the FISAT II program (Gayanilo et al. , 2006). Natural mortality (M) of skipjack tuna was estimated using empirical equation of Pauly (1980):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 285, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purba: Kenaikan Suhu Perairan Mengakibatkan Mastigias papua menghilang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 415, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 216, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2020.Vol.4.No.1.96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e- ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 399, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "44 Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 February 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 88, "width": 174, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M = -0.0066 – 0.279 LogLꝏ + 0.6543 LogK + 0.4634 LogT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: T = Average sea surface temperature of waters around Manokwari which was 30.4⁰C (Sala and Manuhutu, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 170, "width": 187, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fishing mortality (F) was estimated by using equation: F = Z - M.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Exploitation Rate", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 187, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The exploitation rate (E) was estimated using Gulland (1971) equation as cite in Hidayat (2017), namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E = 𝑭 𝒁 If the value E = 0.5 or F = M indicates that E is optimum (E opt ) (Gulland 1971 in Pauly 1987).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 187, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPR was analyzed based on the length data of skipjack tuna measured during the study in 2021. Analysis was performed using the Barefoot Ecologist's Toolbox developed by Jeremy Prince which was accessible via http://barefootecologist.com.au/lbspr (Prince, 2003).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 473, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 187, "height": 263, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Size Distribution of Skipjack Tuna A total of 1000 individuals of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) samples were taken randomly from fisher catches caught in the waters around Manokwari from April to August 2021. Based on the measurement results on the samples, a frequency distribution diagram of the total length of skipjack ( K. pelamis ) was made during observations which is shown in Figure 2. The results of the analysis showed that skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari dominantly varied in size, ranging from a minimum size of 260 mm and a maximum size of 760 mm with the highest frequency from April to August in the range of 540-595 mm. The size composition of skipjack is different from composition of skipjack in May-August 2013 which is dominated by relatively", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "small size (< 30 cm) (Sala and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 100, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manuhutu, 2020). Hidayat (2017) reported that in the waters of the West Pacific, the composition of skipjack size dominated by large size (> 50 kg) in November-December-January.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 725, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Frequency distribution of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 738, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "skipjack lengths", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 187, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on several research results in different locations, it shows that first maturity length (Lm) of skipjack tuna at sizes > 400 mm and there are differences in size in different waters (Fishbase.se, 2021). Yonvitner et al . (2021) report the Lm of 413 mm for skipjack measured in Cilacap fishing port. The difference in the size at first maturity is influenced by food availability, water temperature, and growth rate (Satria and Kurnia, 2017). Catching adult populations also has an impact on reducing adult size because of the recovery of skipjack is the relatively slow (Hallier and Founteneun, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 296, "width": 187, "height": 139, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Average total length of skipjack caught in the waters around Manokwari in 2021 Month n Average Total Length ± SD (mm) April 190 531.8 ± 71.4 May 100 537.5 ±77.1 June 220 545.1 ± 79.1 July 240 515.9 ± 69.6 August 250 530.9 ± 81.8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 455, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Length Weight Relationship (LWR)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 474, "width": 188, "height": 275, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regression analysis between the length and weight of skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari base on data from April to August 2021 was found that the relationship following equation W = 0.00006L 2.77 with a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of = 0.8683. Statistical t-test analysis at a 95% confidence interval found t-value of 6.73) > t-table of 1.96. This test explained that the growth pattern of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) is negative allometric , i.e. length gain is more dominant than weight gain (Figure 3). The same growth pattern is also resported in Lappa waters, Sinjai district (Jamal et al., 2011). However, there is a different growth pattern of skipjack tuna in Pelabuhan Ratu waters which has a positive allometric which means that weight growth is more dominant than length growth (Nurdin and Panggabean, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 223, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. The relationship between length and weight of skipjack tuna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 261, "width": 187, "height": 225, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The difference in growth pattern is influenced by biological and ecological factors of each waters in which the fish live. In general, the growth pattern depends on physiological and environmental conditions such as temperature, pH, geographic location and sampling technique as well as biological conditions such as gonadal development and food availability (Froese, 2006). Also, the difference in the value of b is influenced by differences in seasons and levels of gonad maturity and fishing activity, because fishing activities are quite influential on the life and growth of fish populations. In addition, differences in the number and variation of fish sizes were observed (Satria et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 502, "width": 156, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Growth Model of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 520, "width": 187, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The growth model of skipjack tuna ( K. pelamis ) caught in the waters around Manokwari was estimated using the Von Bertalanffy growth model in the FISAT II application. The results of analysis showed the value of growth rate (K) of 0.75 yr -1 , the asymptote length (L ∞ ) of 792.75 mm. Estimation of the theoretical age t 0 found the value of -0.0254 years. Then, the growth model follows equation Lt = [792.75 (1-e -0.75(t+0.0254) ). Graphically, the growth model of skipjack caught in the waters around Manokwari is shown in Figure 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 285, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purba: Kenaikan Suhu Perairan Mengakibatkan Mastigias papua menghilang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 415, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 216, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2020.Vol.4.No.1.96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e- ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 399, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46 Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 February 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Growth curve of skipjack taken from water around Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fish growth is influenced by various factors, such as water quality and food availability. Ideally, skipjack tuna caught in Indonesian waters at sea surface temperature of 28⁰C-29⁰C", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 187, "height": 152, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Simbolon and Limbong, 2012), chlorophyll- a of 0.3 mg.m -3 (Azmi, 2015), dissolved oxygen of 2.45 ml.l -1 (Sharp, 1978), and salinity 33-35%. The growth coefficient of skipjack tuna is different from that reported by Sala and Manuhutu (2020), namely the value (K) of 0.42 yr -1 , asymptote length (L ∞ ) of 75.3 cm and reported by Hidayat et al . (2017), found K of 0.41 yr -1 , L ∞ of 101.85 cm for skipjack in the waters of the Western Pacific.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 187, "height": 275, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Toatubun et al. (2015) the length of skipjack tuna at the age of one year is approximately 37 cm, in the second year it can reach 46 cm, the third year is 55 cm, the fourth year is 64 cm, the fifth year is 72 cm, even skipjack can reach one meter at the age of more than 7 years. According to Collette and Nauen (1983) the maximum age of skipjack tuna in waters is 12 years. Jamal et al . (2011) reported skipjack tuna found in the Bone Bay area reaches its maximum length at the age of 7 years. Differences in growth parameter values are influenced by environmental factors of each waters such as food availability, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, fish size and gonadal maturity (Hernandez & Seijo, 2003; Day & Rowe, 2002). Also, fishing pressures can also bring about a slow growth of fish (Edeline, et al ., 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 88, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mortality and Stock Status", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 106, "width": 158, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The total mortality rate (Z)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 119, "width": 187, "height": 250, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "obtained from the data analysis was 1.32 yr -1 . Estimation of the natural mortality rate of skipjack tuna based on Pauly's empirical equation found the value of 0.61yr -1 . Hence, the value of the fishing mortality rate (F) was 0.71 yr -1 . The mortality rate of skipjack tuna in the waters around Manokwari is dominated by fishing mortality. The exploitation rate (E) of skipjack was 0.54. Gulland (1983) suggests that optimum exploitation is when fishing mortality equals to natural mortality or when E equals to 0.5. Since E was larger than 0.5, it suggests that there was tendency of overexploitation of skipjack stock in the water around Manokwari. The biological parameters of skipjack tuna used as inputs in the SPR analysis are presented in Table 2.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 385, "width": 187, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. The value of the biological parameters used in the LB-SPR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 410, "width": 176, "height": 144, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "analysis Parameter Value Source M/K 0.813 Present study L∞ (mm) 792.75 Present study Lm50 (mm) 413.00 Yonvitner et al. (2021) Lm95 (mm) 522.40 Fishbase.se", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 298, "top": 568, "width": 187, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to Hordyk et al (2015) a small M/K value indicates the population is dominated by large fish. Therefore, the M/K value of 0.81 obtained from this study can be interpreted as the stock condition that is dominated by large fish, because the average skipjack caught is more than 500 mm in size. This is supported by selectivity and maturity curves which show that the size of the caught fish is larger than the size of the first spawning fish (Figure 5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 248, "width": 187, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Selectivity and maturity curves of skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 312, "width": 187, "height": 111, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the SPR analysis obtained an estimated SPR value of 16%, lower than the reference limit (20%), as shown in Figure 6. The SPR value can be an illustration of the number of eggs (spawn) produced relative to conditions where there is no exploitation activity, if the utilization rate continues in the long term (Powers, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 593, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. Estimated spawning potential ratio (SPR) of skipjack stock caught in the waters around Manokwari water", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 187, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the utilization rate analysis which show a value higher than the optimum utilization level and an SPR value lower than the reference level limit of 20% are indication of overfishing and low reproductive potential of skipjack tuna resources. Therefore, efforts are needed to control fishing effort and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "increase the selectivity of fishing gear so that skipjack tuna resources are maintained, especially to avoid recruitment overfishing in which the fisheries caught more fish that are ready to spawn (spawning stock) or gonadal mature fish.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 381, "top": 188, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 206, "width": 187, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. The total length of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the waters around Manokwari varies, ranging in size from 260 mm to 760 mm with an average of 540-595 mm.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 270, "width": 187, "height": 136, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. The relationship between length and weight of skipjack tuna caught in the waters around Manokwari followed the equation W = 0.00006L 2.77 . 3. The growth model of skipjack tuna followed the growth equation Lt = 792.75 (1-e -0.75(t + 0.0254) ). 4. The utilization rate of skipjack tuna in the waters around Manokwari was 0.54, which was higher than the optimum utilization rate. The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 409, "width": 169, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "estimated SPR was 16% which was below the lower limit of reference point.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 381, "top": 460, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 478, "width": 188, "height": 268, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Azmi, A., Agarwadkar, Y., Bhattacharya, M., Apte, M., Inamdar, A. (2015). Indicator based ecological health analysis using chlorophyll and sea surface temperature along with fish catch data off Mumbai Coast. Turkish J. Of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15:923-930. Bal, D.V., Rao, K.V. (1984). Marine Fisheries. NewDelhi: Tata Mc.Graw-Hill Publishing Company Limited. BPS Manokwari Regency. (2020). Manokwari Regency in Figures. Central Bureau of Statistics. Manokwari. 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URL: https://statistik.kkp.go.id/home. php ?m=prod_ikan_prov&i=2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 466, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accessed in April 19, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 485, "width": 187, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurdin, E., & Panggabean, U.S. (2017). Fishing Season and Size Structure of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 510, "width": 166, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 523, "width": 166, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Linnaeus) around FAD in Pelabuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 535, "width": 187, "height": 130, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ratu. 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Review of the ELEFAN System for Analysis of Length-Frequency Data in Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates. in length-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 724, "width": 165, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based Methods in Fisheries", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 218, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala et al: Growth and exploitation status of Skipjack Tuna", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 49, "width": 221, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2023.Vol.7.No.1.251", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 444, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e - ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 789, "width": 356, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 Februari 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 501, "top": 789, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 799, "width": 320, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 188, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research ICLARM Conference Proceedings, 13-46. Powers, J.E. (2022). Spawning Potential Ratios (SPR) interpretation and application. Retrieved 28 April 2022,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 276, "top": 157, "width": 24, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "from", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 170, "width": 187, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://gulfcouncil.org/wp- content/uploads/A- 8%20SPR%20Presentation.pdf. Prince, J.D. (2003). The barefoot ecologist goes fishing. Fish and Fisheries 4(4): 359-371.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 258, "width": 188, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala, R. (2017). Relative abundance of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 283, "width": 166, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L.) in waters around Sorong and Fak-Fak, West Papua, Indonesia. AACL Bioflux 10(3): 551-564.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 327, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sala, R., & Manuhutu, J.F. (2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 339, "width": 166, "height": 74, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variability of Sea Water Temperature and Its Implication on Cakalang Fish Capture ( Katsuwonus pelamis L) in Manokwari Waters, West Papua. Journal of Indopacific Aquatic Resources (2): 129-138%V", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 415, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "124.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 188, "height": 143, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satria, A.I.W., & Kurnia, R. (2017). Population Structure of (Katsuwonus pelamis, Linnaeus 1758) from Southern of Java Sea. Journal of Tropical Fisheries Management 1(1):9 p. Sharp, G.D. (1978). Behavioral and Physiological properties of buds and their effects on vulnerability to fishing gear. In: The physiological ecology of buds. New York:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 579, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Academic Press. p 397-449.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 598, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Simbolon, D., & Limbong, M. (2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 610, "width": 166, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Exploration of skipjack fishing ground through sea surface temperature and catches composition analyzes in bay waters. Journal of coastal development", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 135, "top": 674, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15(2):225-233.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 692, "width": 188, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Toatubun, N., Johnny, W., and Labaro, I. L. (2015). Population structure of skipjack tuna caught by ring trawlers landed at the Tumumpa Beach Fishing Port, Manado City.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Weaver, B., & Wuensch, K.L. (2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 100, "width": 166, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPSS and SAS programs for comparing pearson correlations and OLS regression coefficients. Behavior Research Methods , 45(3):", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 347, "top": 151, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "880-895. doi:10.3758/ s13428-012-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 347, "top": 164, "width": 37, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0289-7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 182, "width": 188, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yonvitner., Boer, M., & Kurnia, R. (2021). Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR) Approach as a Management Measure of Skipjack Sustainability Record from Cilacap Fishing Port, Central Java, Indonesia. Fisheries and Marine Scientific Journal 13 (2):199-207.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 285, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purba: Kenaikan Suhu Perairan Mengakibatkan Mastigias papua menghilang", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 415, "top": 38, "width": 67, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2550-1232", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 216, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.46252/jsai-fpik-unipa.2020.Vol.4.No.1.96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 49, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e- ISSN 2550-0929", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 399, "height": 17, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "50 Jurnal Sumberdaya Akuatik Indopasifik, Vol. 7 No. 1 February 2023, www.ejournalfpikunipa.ac.id This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License .", "type": "Page footer" } ]

26944abf-cc96-4ef5-06ac-88447389dad7

https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/article/download/269/168

[ { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1288", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 85, "width": 439, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 131, "width": 172, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salman Akira Togi 1 , Ima Mayasari 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 152, "width": 339, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, 2 Universitas Indonesia Correspondent author : [email protected] DKI Jakarta - Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 200, "width": 43, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 213, "width": 456, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this writing is to find out the Realization Of Coal Domestic Market Bondage Policy In 2018-2022. The approach used in this research is post positivism with qualitative data collection. The research results show that the realization of DMO absorption from 2018-2022 can be considered not good. Moreover, in 2021 and 2022, the annual production plan in 2021 is 625 million tons, and the DMO is 137.5 million tons, but it has not been completely absorbed, from the data obtained until the beginning of 2022, the DMO target in 2021 is only only reached 21%, from the target of 22%. PLN faces a coal deficit in early 2022 and threatens 10 million families with the potential to lose electricity in early 2022. In an effort to overcome this coal deficit, the Indonesian government through the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) has implemented an export ban policy on all coal companies in Indonesia . The long step is to include additional clauses for mining companies to be more compliant with the policy so that they do not choose to pay fines.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 368, "width": 283, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Coal; Domestic Market Obligation; Public Policy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 392, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 404, "width": 456, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penulisan inia dalah untuk mengetahui Realisasi Kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation Batubara Pada Tahun 2018-2022. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post positivism dengan pengumpulan data kualitatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 441, "width": 456, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa realisasi penyerapan DMO dari tahun 2018-2022, bisa dianggap tidak baik. Terlebih lagi pada tahun 2021 dan 2022, dengan rencana produksi tahunan pada tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 625 juta ton, dan DMO sebesar 137,5 juta ton, namun belum terserap secara sempurna, dari data yang didapat hingga awal tahun 2022 target DMO pada tahun 2021 hanya mencapai 21% saja, dari yang sudah ditargetkan yaitu 22%. PLN menghadapi defisit batubara pada awal tahun 2022 dan mengancam 10 juta keluarga berpotensi padam listrik diawal tahun 2022. Sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi defisit batubara tersebut, pemerintah Indonesia melalu Kementerian Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral (ESDM) memberlakukan kebijakan pelarangan ekspor kepada seluruh perusahaan batubara di Indonesia. Langkah panjangnya adalah memuat klausul-klausul tambahan untuk perusahaan pertambangan agar semakin taat dengan kebijakan sehingga tidak memilih membayar denda .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 600, "width": 333, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Batubara; Domestic Market Obligation; Kebijakan Publik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 748, "width": 411, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index Journal Publicuho is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023 1289", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 130, "width": 456, "height": 233, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batubara sebagai salah satu komoditas kekayaan Indonesia, merupakan salah satu sumber daya tak terbarukan yang seyogyanya dimanfaatkan dan diterima hasilnya untuk kesejahteraan masyarakat Indonesia. Sumbangsih batubara terhadap bauran energi nasional bahkan mencapai 65%. Hal ini dapat terlihat dari jumlah pembangkit listrik tenaga uap yang mencapai 78 PLTU tersebar di Indonesia. Dalam rangka pengalokasian guna memenuhi kebutuhan kelistrikan nasional, Kementerian Energi Sumber Daya dan Mineral (ESDM) merencanakan kuota batubara untuk kelistrikan sebesar 144,1 juta ton dengan volume alokasi batubara sebesar 122,5 juta ton. Hingga tahun 2025, sektor listrik melalui PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara (PLN) masih menjadi yang terbesar sebagai pengguna batubara dalam negeri, dengan masing-masing kebutuhan per tahunnya, tahun 2022 sebesar 119 juta ton, tahun 2023 sebesar 126 juta ton, tahun 2024 sebesar 140 juta ton, dan tahun 2025 mencapai 128 juta ton. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan kegiatan pertambangan batubara dalam negeri penting untuk dikawal dalam sisi implementasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 369, "width": 450, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Sebaran Penunjang GDP dari bahan komoditas pertambangan pada tahun 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 659, "width": 456, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara historis pemerintah Indonesia telah membuat berbagai kebijakan terkait pengelolaan pertambangan batubara. Pasal 33 ayat (3) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menjadi landasan konstitusional dalam pengelolaan pertambangan di Indonesia. Pemerintah Indonesia kemudian menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1967 tentang Ketentuan-Ketentuan Pokok Pertambangan. Undang-Undang ini merupakan bentuk upaya pemerintah dalam membuat instrumen hukum guna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1290", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 456, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memperjelas organisasi pertambangan, penguasaan wilayah pertambangan hingga tata cara mendapatkan kuasa pertambangan. Namun demikian, Undang-Undang ini belum membahas tentang pengaturan porsi produksi batubara di Indonesia, alokasi untuk bidang apa saja, besaran harga, dan batas besaran ekspor untuk setiap perusahaan, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa Undang-Undang yang dibuat belum cukup untuk mengontrol pemanfaatan batubara di dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 195, "width": 456, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan yang dihadapi pemerintah dalam mengontrol pemanfaatan batubara dalam negeri, pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk mengutamakan dan menjaga kebutuhan nasional terhadap batubara, dengan merumuskan kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation (DMO). Kebijakan ini merupakan langkah kongkrit untuk mengamankan pasokan batubara guna mengutamakan kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 306, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebijakan DMO ini diharapakan mampu menjamin ketersediaan batubara agar lebih terkendali. Kebijakan DMO muncul pertama kali pada tahun 2009 melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara dan Peraturan Menteri ESDM Nomor 34 Tahun 2009 tentang Pengutamaan Pemasokan Kebutuhan Mineral Dan Batubara Untuk Kepentingan Dalam Negeri. Kedua peraturan ini menjelaskan mekanisme pelaporan realisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan domestik setiap tiga bulan sekali yaitu pada akhir bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember. Selain itu, peraturan yang ada juga mengatur adanya sanksi administratif bagi perusahaan yang tidak dapat memenuhi porsi kebutuhan domestik melalui skema DMO dengan alasan yang tidak dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 471, "width": 456, "height": 178, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, untuk memperkuat kebijakan DMO, pemerintah menerbitkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010 tentang Pelaksanaan Kegiatan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara, dimana pada BAB VII Pasal 84 sampai dengan Pasal 92 dilakukan pengaturan mengenai pengutamaan kepentingan dalam negeri, pengendalian produksi, dan pengendalian penjualan mineral dan batubara. Realisasi kebijakan DMO yang ditunjang oleh regulasi pada tahun 2009 dan 2014 nampaknya belum dapat menjawab permasalahan kurangnya pemenuhan kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri, pasalnya hingga tahun 2014 penggunaan batubara dalam negeri hanya sekitar 20% saja, sisanya diekspor ke berbagai negara di Asia maupun luar Asia. Salah satu negara tujuan eksporbatubara Indonesia terbesar adalah negeri Tiongkok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023 1291", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 166, "top": 110, "width": 292, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Sebaran Wilayah Kerja Pertambangan Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 359, "width": 456, "height": 214, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut, pemerintah mengatur Harga Batubara Acuan (HBA) sebagai harga jual batubara untuk penyediaan tenaga listrik untuk kepentingan umum sebesar USD 70 (HBA) yang berlaku untuk tahun 2018 dan tahun 2019, dengan jumlah volume penjualan batubara paling banyak 100 juta metrik ton per tahun. Penetapan HBA USD 70 ini, juga didasari atas kondisi PLN yang tidak sanggup menanggung beban subsidi listrik apabila harus membeli harga batubara sesuai dengan harga batubara yang ada di pasar global. Harapannya dengan menetapkan HBA USD 70 untuk penyediaan listrik nasional dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomis bagi PLN. Sebelum dilaksanakannya kebijakan HBA USD 70, pemerintah menggunakan sistem kuota DMO bagi setiap perusahaan batubara. Pada sistem kuota ini apabila terdapat perusahaan batubara yang tidak memenuhi kuota karena kondisi kualitas batubara yang tidak sesuai, dapat membeli kuota DMO dari perusahaan batubara lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 456, "height": 178, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahun 2020, diterbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 2009 tentang Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara yang mengubah beberapa pengaturan guna menyelesaikan permasalahan seperti peningkatan nilai tambah mineral dan batubara serta kondisi aktual yang tidak lagi sesuai dengan kebutuhan hukum yang ada. Beberapa perubahan yang dilakukan antara lain konsep Wilayah Hukum Pertambangan; kewenangan pengelolaan Minerba; penugasan kepada lembaga riset negara, BUMN (Badan Usaha Milik Negara), BUMD (Badan Usaha Milik Daerah), atau Badan Usaha untuk melakukan penyelidikan dan penelitian dalam rangka penyiapan WIUP; penguatan peran BUMN; serta perizinan untuk pertambangan rakyat dan penguatan kebijakan terkait pengelolaan lingkungan hidup pada kegiatan usaha", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1292", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 458, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertambangan, termasuk pelaksanaan reklamasi dan pascatambang.Selain itu, dilakukan pengaturan kembali terkait kebijakan peningkatan nilai tambah mineral dan batubara, divestasi saham, pembinaan dan pengawasan aktivitas pertambangan. UU ini menjadi landasan bagi Keptusan Menteri ESDM Nomor 139. K/HK.02/MEM.B/2021 tentang Pemenuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 159, "width": 456, "height": 196, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan Batubara Dalam Negeri yang menetapkan Perusahaan Pertambangan wajib memenuhi DMO sebesar minimal 25% dari rencana produksi (kelistrikan umum dan non kelistirkan umum). IUP, IUPK dan PKP2B wajib memenuhi DMO sebesar 25% produksi perusahaan yang disetujui melalui Rencana Kerja dan Anggaran Biaya (RKAB), harga jual batubara untuk kelistrikan umum sebesar USD70/ton serta sanksi pelarangan ekspor, denda dan dana kompensasi. UU tersebut juga menjadi landasan bagi terbitnya Keputusan Menteri ESDM Nomor: 13.K/HK.021/MEM.B/2022 tentang Pedoman Pengenaan Sanksi Administratif, Pelarangan Penjualan Batubara ke Luar Negeri, dan Pengenaan Denda serta Dana Kompensasi Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Batubara Dalam Negeri, yang mengatur sanksi administratif bagi perusahaan pertambangan yang tidak memenuhi DMO atau kontrak dalam negeri yang memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 367, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 387, "width": 459, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah post positivism dengan pengumpulan data kualitatif. Tujuan penggunaan pendekatan post positivism dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan pemahaman komprehensif dan mendalam terhadap suatu fenomena yang dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam. Creswell (2010) berargumen bahwa berkembangnya pengetahuan dalam pandangan post positivis menggunakan observasi dan pengujian terhadap objek. Dengan pendekatan penelitian ini, peneliti dapat melihat langsung kondisi di lapangan dan melakukan interaksi secara langsung terhadap aktor-aktor yang mempunyai peranan dalam kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation batubara di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 559, "width": 133, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 579, "width": 455, "height": 159, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagian Penelitian mengenai implementasi kebijakan batubara telah beberapa kali dilakukan, salah satunya oleh Hambali pada tahun 2016 dalam Penelitiannya yang berjudul Implementasi Kebijakan Pertambangan Mineral dan Batuan di Kecamatan Banawa Kabupaten Donggala yang menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode Van Metter dan Van Horn dengan tujuan penelitian ingin menganalisa proses implementasi kebijakan pengelolaan tambang mineral dan batu bara belum terwujud dengan baik di Kecamatan Banawa Kabupaten Donggala. Hasil penelitian didapat bahwa hasil penelitian yang mengatakan bahwa ada enam dimensi sesuai teori Van Meter dan Van Horn dan kondisinya tidak maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023 1293", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal sesuai dengan teori implementasi Mirelee Grindle (Grindle, 2017) kemudian digunakan pada dua level:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pertama, akan terlihat secara umum bagaimana implementasi kebijakan yang dikaji menjawab pertanyaan “apa yang terjadi” dan “bagaimana”. Grindle mengatakan, proses implementasi kebijakan perlu melihat proses kebijakan hingga tingkat program tertentu dan alokasi pendanaannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kedua, untuk membantu menjelaskan temuan tahap pertama yaitu menjawab pertanyaan “mengapa”, dilihat bagaimana interaksi proses implementasi dengan hal -hal yang secara umum menurut Grindle menentukan keberhasilan kebijakan, yaitu isi kebijakan dan konteks implementasinya. Selanjutnya, kajian implementasi model implementasi kebijakan menurut Van Meter dan Van Horn (Markulis, 1985) yang menggunakan enam (6) indikator implementasi kebijakan, yaitu: (1) standar kebijakan dan tujuan; (2) sumber daya; (3) karakteristik organisasi pelaksana; (4) komunikasi antar organisasi terkait pelaksanaan kegiatan; (5) sikap pelaksana dan (6) lingkungan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik (Ode et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 386, "width": 455, "height": 380, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian lain mengenai impelementasi kebijakan dilakukan oleh Anggraeni Respitawulan pada tahun pada tahun 2019 dalam tesisnya yang berjudul Analisis Impelementasi Kebijakan Pengembangan Energi Terbarukan Pada Direktorat Jenderal Energi Baru Terbarukan dan Konservasi Energi. Penelitian mengenai implementasi kebijakan telah banyak dilakukan, namun penelitian tentang kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation batubara di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan sehingga penelitian ini mempunyai novelty dalam penggunaan teori dan objek penelitian dari sisi kebijakan publik. Argumentasi penulis dalam menggunakan teori ini selain alasan tersebut diatas adalah bahwa teori yang dikemukakan oleh Van Metter dan Van Horn dan Teori Korten, sesuai dengan kondisi permasalahan. Teori ini juga mampu mengelaborasi berbagai dimensi yang mempengaruhi kebijakan. Namun pada teori ini mempunyai lingkup bahasan lebih luas yang menggambarkan isi kebijakan tidak sebatas pada kebijakan itu tetapi dijelaskan juga mengenai bagaimana proses terjadinya kebijakan serta pelibatan aktor-aktor yang akan terpengaruh dan berpengaruh terhadap jalannya implementasi kebijakan. Teori Van Metter dan Van Horn juga mampu memotret permasalahan dalam kebijakan itu dengan dan multi dimensi. David Easton pada tahun 2009 juga mengatakan bahwa definisi kebijakan publik sebagai “the autorative allocation of values for the whole society”. Menurut William Dunn pada tahun 1990 menyatakan bahwa isu kebijakan adalah produk atau fungsi dari telah tersedianya perdebatan tidak memihak tentang definisi, rincian, penjelasan maupun penilaian atas suatu masalah tertentu. Namun tak seluruh isu dapat masuk menjadi suatu acara kebijakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1294", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 455, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Jones (1991) dalam La Ode Muhammad Elwan, (2011: 18) menjelaskan bahwa Implementasi kebijakan mudah dimengerti secara teoritik dan konseptual, namun tidak senantiasa demikian dalam bentuknya yang kongkrit, karena pelaksanaannya secara nyata bukanlah sesuatu yang mudah (Supriadin et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 159, "width": 455, "height": 251, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebijakan publik bukan merupakan proses yang instan, tetapi melewati berbagai tahap untuk menghasilkan produk kebijakan yang dianggap komprehensif sesuai dengan asas demokrasi untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan. Pembuatan kebijakan publik sesuai tahapan mulai dari kemunculan masalah, perumusan, implementasi dan evaluasi yang menjadi suatu keseluruhan proses manajemen secara umum. Knoepel, et al (2007) mengatakan bahwa kebijakan publik dimulai dari munculnya suatu permasalahan akibat ketidakpuasan masyarakat terhadap keadaan saat ini, permasalahan tersebut kemudian disaring oleh aktor publik. berdasarkan skala prioritasnya melalui agenda setting. Pemilihan solusi permasalahan dalam formulation of alternatives mempertimbangkan tujuan, instrumen dan prosedur dalam suatu kebijakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah. Kebijakan tersebut kemudian diadopsi oleh instansi berwenang untuk diimplementasikan. Dalam tahap implementasi permasalahan yang dihadapi lebih kompleks karena situasi konkret. Pada tahap evaluasi bertujuan untuk mengukur pencapaian hasil dan efek dari kebijakan yang telah dibuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 416, "width": 455, "height": 178, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adanya permasalahan tersebut dipersepsikan oleh pemerintah dan swasta sebagai suatu keadaan yang harus diselesaikan dengan pembatasan masalah melalui proses agenda setting. Dalam tahap formulation of alternative dilakukan pengumpulan data dan informasi yang terkait dengan permasalahan yang ingin diselesaikan untuk memperoleh alternatif-alternatif kebijakan. Dari beberapa alternatif tersebut dipilih satu kebijakan untuk diadopsi pemerintah. Pada tahap implementasi kebijakan dilaksanakan melalui dukungan sumber daya dan lingkungan untuk menghasilkan kinerja kebijakan. Pelaksanaan kebijakan tersebut dievaluasi untuk mengetahui kebermanfaatan kebijakan dan sebagai bahan rekomendasi kebijakan masa mendatang. Hasil evaluasi tersebut memungkinkan terciptanya permasalahan baru yang dapat melahirkan kebijakan lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 600, "width": 455, "height": 159, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain itu, terdapat teori yang diajukan Grindle (2017) melalui teori implementasi kebijakan dimana teori ini menjelaskan bahwa implementasi merupakan sebuah proses politik dan administratif. Implementasi kebijakan dijelaskan oleh Grindle sebagai sebuah proses uumum yang dilakukan oleh pemerintahan dan pihak swasta dalam mencapai suatu tujuan. Grindle (2017) menjelaskan pula bahwa karakteristik implementasi kebijakan harus didasarkan pada pembuat kebijakan, pengguna kebijakan, dan pelaku implementasi kebijakannya. Grindle membagi dua variabel utama dalam implementasi kebijakan yang berpengaruh, yaitu konten dan konteks kebijakan. Variabel konten kebijakan terdiri dari enam komponen:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023 1295", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 110, "width": 437, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pihak-pihak yang kepentingannya akan berdampak pada kebijakan: Keputusan suatu kebijakan akan berdampak pada kelompok berkepentingan tertentu sehingga muncul reaksi dari mereka dan memunculkan perlawanan karena mengubah status quo.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 183, "width": 437, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Jenis-jenis keuntungan yang didapatkan: Suatu kebiijakan yang di implentasikan memberikan manfaat kolektif bagi pihak-pihak yang terlibat sehingga memperbesar kepatuhan kelompok tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 239, "width": 437, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Perubahan yang divisi-kan/diekspektasikan: Perubahan perilaku aktor dalam implementasi kebijakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 275, "width": 437, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Kedudukan decision-making: Implementasi kebijakan akan semakin sulit apabila pengambil keputusan tersebar secara organisasi atau geografi sehingga mempertebal lapisan structural.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 437, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Implementator program: Aktor yang melaksanakan kebijakan bisa ditentukan pada struktur birokrasi dengan kapasitasnya masing-masing. Institusi/organisasi yang aktor implementasinya berkapasitas secara keahlian atau dedikasi akan memudahkan implementasi kebijakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 404, "width": 437, "height": 30, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Sumber daya yang tersedia: Sumber daya yang memadai, baik secara manusia atau lainnya, akan menunjang keberhasilan implementasi kebijakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 404, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selain dari konten kebijakan, terdapat pula tiga komponen dari konteks kebijakan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 459, "width": 437, "height": 123, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kekuatan, kepentingan, dan strategi para aktor yang berperan: Terdapat aktor-aktor yang berkepentingan berbeda, bertentangan, apa yang ditetapkannya, posisi strategis, dll. Aktor implementasi kebijakan memiliki ketertarikan, kekuatan, dan strategi sehingga mempengaruhi jalannya implementasi. Ketertarikan/kepentingan akan mengarahkan impelementasi. Faktor kekuatan aktor akan mempengaruhi kinerja anggota organisasi dalam implementasi kebijakan. Strategi harus ditetapkan untuk mempercepat implementasi dan mengejar efisiensi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 588, "width": 437, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Karakteristik institusi dan rezim: Perbedaan karakter institusi atau rezim berpengaruh pada penerimaan dan kepatuhan institusi tersebut kepada kebijakan yang diterapkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 643, "width": 437, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kepatuhan dan responsivitas: Kepatuhan dapat terwujud apabila aktor memahami maksud dan tujuan implementasi kebijakan tersebut. Kepatuhan akan menunjang berhasilnya implementasi. Responsivitas aktor pada tahap implementasi akan memudahkan anggota organisasi untuk mendapatkan informasi untuk kebutuhan evaluasi implementasi kebijakan yang dilaksanakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 455, "height": 31, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia sendiri sebenarnya banyak sekali kebijakan yang sudah pemerintah buat untuk mengelola sumber daya alam batubara dan mineral. Sesuai dengan isi UUD 1945 pasal 33", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1296", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 455, "height": 196, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ayat 3. Batubara yang merupakan salah satu komoditas utama kekayaan Indonesia yang tentu saja merupakan sumber daya tak terbarukan harus dimanfaatkan dan diterima hasilnya untuk masyarakat Indonesia. Secara historis setelah muncul UUD 1945 Pasal 33 ayat 3, kemudian pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan peratuaran tentang pokok-pokok pertambangan yaitu Undang-Undang No.11 tahun 1967, ini merupakan usaha pemerintah untuk membuat instrumen hukum untuk memperjelas organisasi pertambangan, penguasaan wilayah pertambangan hingga tata cata mendapatkan kekuasaan pertambangan. Regulasi ini belum membahas tentang pengaturan porsi-porsi produksi batubara di Indonesia, serta alokasinya untuk bidang-bidang apa saja, besaran harga, batas-batas besaran ekspor untuk tiap perusahaan, jadi dapat dibilang regulasi yang dibuat belum cukup untuk dipakai pengontrolan pemanfaatan batubara di dalam negeri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 455, "height": 270, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari itu pemanfaatan batubara dalam negeri belum tertata dengan baik, sehingga pemanfaatan untuk keperluan domestik terhambat Berdasarkan permasalahan yang ada pemerintah membuat kebijakan untuk mengutamakan dan menjaga kebutuhan nasional terhadap batubara, pemerintah membuat kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation (DMO). Kebijakan ini merupakan langkah kongkrit untuk mengamankan pasokan batubara untuk keperluan batubara dalam negeri. DMO telah muncul pertama kali yaitu pada tahun 2009, yaitu ketika muncul Peraturan Menteri ESDM No.34 Tahun 2009 yang berisi pengutamaan pemasokan kebutuhan mineral dan batubara untuk kepentingan dalam negeri. Sesuai dengan isi peraturan tersebut, pada pasal 2 ayat 1 tertera bahwa “ Badan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara harus mengutamakan pemasokan kebutuhan mineral dan batubara untuk kepentingan dalam negeri.”, serta ditekankan kembali pada Pasal 3 ayat 1 berisi “ Dalam rangka pengutamaan pemasokan kebutuhan mineral dan batubara untuk kepentingan dalam negeri sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 Badan Usaha Pertambangan Mineral dan Batubara wajib menjual mineral atau batubara yang diproduksinya kepada Pemakai Mineral atau Pemakai Batubara.” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 563, "width": 455, "height": 196, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari peraturan ini juga dijelaskan mekanisme pelaporan realisasi pemenuhan kebutuhan domestik setiap 3 bulan sekali yaitu yaitu pada akhir bulan Maret, bulan Juni, bulan September, dan bulan Desember. Bagi perusahaan yang tidak dapat memenuhi pemenuhan porsi domestik dengan alasan yang tidak dapat diterima, pemerintah juga menyediakan sanksi administratif. Lalu untuk memperkuat kebijakan DMO, kebijakan pada tahun 2009 ditindak lanjuti dengan peraturan yang dibuat pada tahun 2014, yaitu Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 23 Tahun 2010. Pada Pasal 184, yang berisi tentang pengutamaan untuk keperluan domestik, pengendalian produksi, penjualan minimal komoditas minerba. Harapannya dengan dua instrumen hukum ini bukan hanya terpenuhinya kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri, namun para perusahaan pertambangan dapat mengendalikan produksinya dengan optimal untuk dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Realisasi kebijakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023 1297", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 455, "height": 85, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DMO yang ditunjang oleh peratauran pemerintah pada tahun 2009 dan 2014 nampaknya belum dapat menjawab permasalahan kurangnya pemenuhan kebutuhan batubara dalam negeri. Kebutuhan batubara domestik tidak hanya diperlukan untuk energi listrik namun digunakan untuk beberapa industri dasar dan turunannya, seperti industri semen, gula dan juga lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 202, "width": 332, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Target dan Realisasi Serapan DMO Batubara (2018-2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 438, "width": 165, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Kementerian ESDM, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 456, "height": 307, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data Kementerian ESDM, perbandingan realisasi produksi, ekspor dan DMO batubara nasional dengan rencana DMO batubara tahun 2018-2022 di Indonesia seperti tercantum pada Gambar 1.1 dan Gambar 1.2, belum optimal. Rata-rata rasio penggunaan serapan DMO yang dipakai untuk kelistrikan per tiap tahunnya adalah 80% dari total serapan DMO secara keseluruhan yang telah direncanakan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan DMO yang sesuai akan memiliki pengaruh yang besar terhadap pemenuhan pasokan listrik nasional. Dari segi komitmen para stakeholder juga dapat dilihat bahwa pada tahun 2021 terdapat 105 perusahaan pertambangan terkena sanksi dari total 969 perusahaan yang melakukan kegiatan pertambangan dengan persetujuan RKAB tahun 2021, dengan total sanksi $ 2.000.000. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa belum optimalnya implementasi kebijakan DMO batubara di Indonesia. Pada awal tahun 2022, terdapat permasalahan dalam pasokan batubara nasional kepada PT. PLN dari perusahaan perusahaan pertambangan. Pada tanggal 31 Desember 2021, Direktur Utama PLN menjabarkan bahwa pasokan listrik pada akhir tahun 2021 sudah cukup siap dengan beban puncak untuk Jawa-Bali sebesar 23,5 GW, jika dibandingkan tahun lalu terdapat kelebihan 2 GW, artinya kebutuhan batubara telah terpenuhi. Namun nyatanya pada tanggal 1 Januari hingga 31 Januari 2022 pemerintah melarang seluruh perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 24, "width": 345, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REALISASI KEBIJAKAN DOMESTIC MARKET OBLIGATION BATUBARA PADA TAHUN 2018-2022 ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-0729 (print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 45, "width": 449, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 6 Number 4 (Nov - Jan 2023), pp.1288-1300 Salman Akira Togi , Ima Mayasari DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK. NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 785, "width": 415, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l 6 . N o 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 517, "top": 792, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1298", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "batubara untuk ekspor dan harus memberikan produksinya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestik yang belum terpenuhi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 130, "width": 456, "height": 416, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah berdikusi dengan narasumber yang berasal dari Direktorat Jenderal Mineral dan Batubara terkait Domestic Market Obligation, narasumber memberikan penjelasan bahwa sebelum adanya kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation, Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan Business to Business antara PLN dengan masing-masing perusahaan pertambangan yang memiliki IUP. Dengan skema tersebut artinya pemenuhan listrik domestik oleh PLN dilakukan dengan membeli batubara dari IUP yang menjual sesuai harga HBA atau harga pasar yang berlaku. Skema tersebut membuat PLN dibebani HPP untuk memproduksi listrik domestik apabila ada kenaikan harga pasar batubara. Fungsi pemerintah didalam skema ini adalah sebagai monitor, tidak dapat memberikan denda ataupun hal lainnya apabila ada anomali dalam pemenuhan batubara untuk listrik nasional. Lalu setelah skema tersebut berjalan, dengan mempertimbangkan beban subsidi listrik PLN, pemerintah menerapkan domestic market obligation denga capping harga $70/ ton untuk penjualanan batubara 25% dari total produksi tahunan IUP kepada PLN untuk pemenuhan subsidi listrik nasional. Hal ini menimbulkan pro-kontra ketika dilaksanakan, banyak IUP yang melanggar. Pelanggaran dalam kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation diakibatkan disparitas harga pasar dengan harga Domestic Market Obligation. Pada tahun 2021, sempar tersiar kabar bahwa PLN defisit supply batubara untuk kebutuhan listrik yang mengakibatkan pemerintah melarang ekspor batubara, hal ini disebabkan karna kondisi harga batubara yang melonjak dari tahun 2020-2021 sehingga tidak ekonomis bagi para pelaku dunia usaha, ditambah lagi dengan adanya IUP yang tidak melaksanakan kebijakan Domestic Market Obligation.Pemerintah memiliki peran lebih dalam dibandingkan skema sebelum Domestic Market Obligation, saat ini pemerintah memiliki otoritas untuk memberikan denda kepada IUP yang melanggar kebijakan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 565, "width": 66, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 585, "width": 456, "height": 178, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mempertimbangkan besarnya tanggung jawab dan luasnya wilayah Indonesia dan juga potensi sumber daya batubara indonesia serta pentingnya pengamanan subsidi listrik masyrakat maka kebijakan DMO batubara Indonesia sudah seharusnya disempurnakan teknis pelaksanaannya, kerjasama antara stakekholder diperbaiki. Koordinasi antar stakeholder inti seperti Kementerian ESDM, Perusahaan Pertambangan dan PLN (BUMN). Tugas dan fungsi masing-masing stakeholder diperkuat dan dimonitoring dengan baik. Hal ini akan berdampak pada realisasi subsidi listrik kepada masyarakat, yang dimana harapannya apabila kebijakan DMO dilaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya maka serapan batubara domestik untuk keperluan listrik masyrakat akan tercukupi dengan baik sehingga PLN tidak terkendala. Secara short term, diperlukan diskusi dan sesi evaluasi antara seluruh stakeholder", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 86, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal Publicuho", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 56, "width": 451, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2621-1351 (online), ISSN 2685-072 9 (print) Volume 6 No 4 (Nov-Jan 2023) pp.1288-1300 Accredited SINTA 4 , SK.NOMOR 105/E/KPT/2022 Open Access at: https://journalpublicuho.uho.ac.id/index.php/journal/index DOI: https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v6i4.269", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 785, "width": 453, "height": 16, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "| J o u r n a l P u b l i c u h o - V o l - 6 . N o - 4 . 2 0 2 3 | Copyright©2023 1299", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terkait. Pembahasannya terkait realisasi aliran komunikasi dari awal kebijakan dijalankan hingga hari ini seperti apa realisasinya. Langkah panjangnya adalah memuat klausul-klausul tambahan untuk perusahaan pertambangan agar semakin taat dengan kebijakan sehingga tidak memilih membayar denda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 210, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 33, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Books:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biygautane, M. (2022). 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4b19ceb7-178a-c302-baa9-9f1d74608a9f

https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/article/download/53199/28581

[ { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "105", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 72, "width": 398, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Systemic Anti-inflammatory Activity of American Cockroach ( Periplaneta americana ) Extract: A Molecular Docking Study", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 126, "width": 398, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Erfan Andrianto Aritonang 1* , Gunanti 2 , Rini Madyastuti Purwono 3 , Supriyono 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 153, "width": 241, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Master ’s Student of Animal Biomedical Science,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 166, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Division of Surgery and Radiology,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 180, "width": 189, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3 Subdivision of Veterinary Pharmacy,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 194, "width": 346, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4 Division of Parasitology and Medical Entomology Jl. Agatis, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16680", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 228, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 270, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 471, "height": 205, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Surgery can trigger systemic inflammatory response syndrome. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Periplaneta americana cockroach extract as an oral systemic anti-inflammatory agent using molecular docking. The molecular docking method consisted of five steps. The first step was preparing the TNF- α converting enzyme (TACE) receptor as a native ligand, dexamethasone as a control ligand, and three test ligands of Periplaneta americana cockroach extract. The second step was docking preparation. The third step was analyzing Gibbs free energy ( ∆ G) and root mean square deviation (RMSD). The fourth step was docking the test and control ligands with TACE. The fifth step was analyzing ∆G, inhibition constant (Ki), visualization of two- and three-dimensional interactions, percentage of binding site similarity (%BSS), and the rule of five (Ro5) on test ligands. The ∆G result s for the native, control, and test ligands 1, 2, and 3 were -12.8, -7.1, -7.7, -6.9, and -9.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The Ki values for the native, control, and test ligands 1, 2, and 3 were 4.091, 6.205, 2.253, 9.521, and 2.507 µM, respectively. The results of the Ro5 analysis suggested that the three test ligands satisfied Lipinski ’s rule of five. This study concluded that Periplaneta americana cockroach extract is an effective oral systemic anti- inflammatory agent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 516, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keyword: American cockroach Periplaneta americana , molecular docking, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, TNF- α converting enzym", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 589, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 620, "width": 219, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Effective therapy management after surgery is critical due to the potential for complications, including", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 651, "width": 220, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). SIRS is a physiological, pathological, and biochemical abnormality that results from a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 589, "width": 219, "height": 123, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hyperinflammatory response to infection or non-infection (Kosyreva et al., 2020). The pathogenesis of SIRS after surgery begins with an acute phase reaction due to endothelial damage, which can lead to endothelial dysfunction, bleeding, and cell damage in the surgical area. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "106", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "proinflammatory cytokines which trigger inflammation (Andriyono, 2019). If SIRS occurs and is not appropriately treated, it can lead to multi organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (Margraf et al., 2020; Zhang et al., 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 167, "width": 219, "height": 249, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) is a pleiotropic cytokine that contributes to cellular immunity and inflammatory responses (Ramana, 2010) . TNF- α activation is triggered by the activity of the TNF- α converting enzyme (TACE), which is part of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase (ADAM), a protein involved in the degradation of protein membranes during inflammatory processes (Chemaly et al., 2017). TACE is involved in TNF- α receptors 1 and 2. ADAM expression is increased in patients with sepsis, while TACE expression is increased in patients with ischemia, heart damage, arthritis, and impaired immunity (Delanghe & Speeckaert, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 219, "height": 265, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Research on the use of P. americana cockroaches as a raw material for medicinal drugs in Indonesia has never been conducted. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct this study. Previous studies have shown that P. americana cockroach extract has potential as an antitumor, immunity- booster, analgesic, tissue repair, and SIRS treatment (Zhang et al., 2016; Xue et al., 2020). This study used molecular docking to analyze the potential efficacy of P. americana cockroach extract as a treatment for systemic inflammation associated with postoperative SIRS. The test ligands analyzed in this study are three compounds with biological activity, namely 2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl- 1,3,4-oxadiazole;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 670, "width": 61, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2-amino-3,6-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 216, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine; and 4,4'- (iminomethylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "or Auramine O (Ali et al., 2017). The results of this study can serve as a basis for further research in animal models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 135, "width": 162, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 166, "width": 219, "height": 406, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study used the TNF- α converting enzyme (TACE) receptor obtained under PDB ID of 3EWJ by means of X-ray crystallization. The receptor has a native ligand, (1S,3R,6S)-4-oxo-6-{4-[(2- phenylquinolin-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-5- azaspiro[2.4]heptane-1-carboxylic acid or carboxylate. The crystallization method used was X-ray diffraction with a resolution of 1.8 Armstrong (Guo et al., 2009) . The control ligand used was dexamethasone. The test ligands used were 2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl- 1,3,4-oxadiazole ( C 11 H 12 N 2 O 2 ) (test ligand 1), 2-Amino-3,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine (C 8 H 10 N 4 ) (test ligand 2), and 4,4'- (iminomethylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline) or Auramine O (C 17 H 22 ClN 3 ) (test ligand 3). The three-dimensional protein structures of the receptor and ligands were downloaded from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/) and RCSB PDB ( https://www.rcsb.org/ ). Docking was performed using the Vina method with Discovery Studio software (v17.2.0.16349), Autodocktools (v.1.5.6), and AutodockVina (v.1.5.6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 575, "width": 219, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study used the molecular docking method. The first step involved identifying native, control, and test ligands. The receptor and ligands were obtained from previous studies. The second step involved preparing the docking by removing water molecules and adding hydrogen molecules. The third step, which is validation, involved analyzing Gibbs free energy (∆G) values and root-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "107", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mean-square deviation (RMSD). The fourth step involved docking the test and control", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 222, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ligands ten times. Finally, the fifth step involved evaluating the quality of the model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 290, "width": 419, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 1. Three-dimensional visualization of TACE receptor (A) and native ligand (B)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 220, "height": 265, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The analysis and evaluation of the test ligands included the calculation of ∆G values and inhibition constant (Ki), visualization of interaction between ligands and receptor, analysis of percentage of binding site similarity (%BSS) and Lipinski ’s rule of five (Ro5) (http://www.scfbio- iitd.res.in/software/drugdesign/lipinski.js p). Ki values was calculated using the following equation: ∆G = RTInKi, where ∆G (kcal/mol), R (general gas constant) = 1.986 cal/MolK, and T (temperature, kelvin) = 298.15 K (Kalontong et al., 2022). The %BSS was calculated by dividing the number of amino acid residues of the native ligands by the number of amino acid residues of the control ligands and multiplying it by 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 614, "width": 159, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 645, "width": 220, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The resolution of the TACE receptor was less than 2.5 Amstrong, indicating a similarity to existing structures in the cells (Umamaheswari et al., 2013). In this study,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 331, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "the native ligand was removed so that the receptor was not bound to the native ligand.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 363, "width": 219, "height": 343, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The ∆G value s for the docking of the TACE receptor with native, control, and test ligands are presented in Table 1. The ∆G analyzed for carboxylate used the first conformation value, while the ∆G of control ligands and test ligands used the second conformation value (Trott & Olson, 2010). ∆G values indicate the strength of the bond between the ligand and the receptor. The more negative the ∆G value, the stronger the bond formed between the ligand and the receptor (Aziz, 2020). According to the results of ∆G values, carboxylate as a native ligand was found to have the most negative ∆G, indicating that the bond between carboxylate and the TACE receptor was the stronger compared to dexamethasone and three test ligands. Moreover, the comparison between the test and control ligands found that the bonds between test ligands 2 and 3 and the TACE receptor were stronger compared to dexamethasone.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 144, "width": 212, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "108", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 343, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 1. Variables of interaction between ligands and TACE receptors", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 91, "width": 459, "height": 340, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variable Native ligand Control ligand Test ligands 1 2 3 ∆ G (kcal/mol) -12.8 -7.1 -7.7 -6.9 -9.0 Ki (μM) 4.844 6.205 2.451 8.701 2.773 Hydrogen bond of amino acid residues TYR 436 ALA439 PRO437 ILE438 - PRO437 TYR433 Bond distance (Å) 3.26532 2.33712 2.82928 3.18029 - 3.75413 2.69547 Hydrophobic bond of amino acid residues LYS432 HIS444, LYS432, LYS432, ILE438, VAL440 ILE438*, ALA439, ALA439, ALA439, LEU348, LEU348 ALA439, HIS405, HIS405, ALA439, VAL402, HIS405, HIS415, LEU401, VAL434, ALA439 ALA439, HIS405, HIS405, LEU401, VAL434, VAL402, ALA439 LYS432*, LEU401, ALA439 %BSS 100% 9% 0% 0% 9%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Note: Native ligand ((1S,3R,6S)-4-oxo-6-{4-[(2-phenylquinolin-4-yl)methoxy]phenyl}-5-azaspiro [2.4] heptane-1-carboxylic acid or carboxylate), control ligand (dexamethasone), test ligand 1 (2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole), test ligand 2 (2-amino-3,6- dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine), and test ligand 3 (4,4'-(iminomethylene)bis(N,N- dimethylaniline or Auramine O)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 527, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Furthermore, according on the results of Ki values, test ligand 3 was found to have the smallest value. Test ligands 1 and 3 had smaller Ki values compared to carboxylate and dexamethasone, indicating their superior ability to inhibit the TACE receptor. The calculation of Ki aims to predict the inhibitory potential of a compound on its receptors, with a smaller Ki value indicating a stronger ability to inhibit receptors (Umamaheswari et al., 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 527, "width": 219, "height": 185, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The percentage of binding site similarity (%BSS) was used to analyze the ability of the TACE receptor to interact with the ligands. Amino acid residues with similar active sites can potentially affect the function of the receptor upon ligand binding (Ferdian et al., 2021). The results of this study found that the similar active sites between the native, control, test ligands were ILE438 (control ligand) and LYS432 (test ligand 3) (Table 1). The %BSS value of test ligand 3 was similar to that of the control ligand.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "109", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 123, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figures 2 and 3 shows the visualization of the receptor and ligands. The ligands are represented by the blue area, while the active site of the TACE receptor interacting with the ligands is represented by the orange area. The bonds were analyzed for their ability to interact. Despite the distance between the receptor and ligands, hydrogen bonding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 123, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "could occur because it is strong enough to facilitate interaction between the ligands and receptor. A hydrophobic bond is a reflection of the stability of the bond between the ligands and receptor. Based on the analysis of bond interaction, this study found that the control ligand had more hydrogen bonds than the test ligands.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 468, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 2. Visualization of interaction between TACE and two-dimensional (A) and three- dimensional (B) control ligands", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 471, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Figure 3. Visualization of interaction between TACE two-dimensional (A) and three-dimensional (B) test ligands", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 616, "width": 219, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The results of the analysis of Lipinski ’s rule of five (Ro5) were used to predict the bioavailability of ligand molecules tested with orally administered drug compounds. A drug candidate is considered suitable for oral administration if it meets at least four of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 616, "width": 219, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "five criteria, namely molar mass of less than 500 Daltons, high lipophilicity (LogP < 5), hydrogen bond donor of less than 5, hydrogen bond acceptor of less than 10, and molar refractivity between 40 and 130 (Lipinski, 2004; Jayaram et al., 2012). The", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 242, "width": 217, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A B A B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 524, "top": 36, "width": 19, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "110", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 734, "width": 329, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "© 2024. Aritonang et al . Open access under CC BY – SA license, doi: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Received: 26-12-2023, Accepted: 07-02-2024, Published online: 10-05-2024 Available at https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/MKH/index", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 81, "top": 43, "width": 135, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aritonang et al . MKH (2024). 105-112 DOI: 10.20473/mkh.v35i2.2024.105-112", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "results of Ro5 analysis on the test ligands found that they met all Ro5 criteria, suggesting that the ligands in P. americana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "cockroach extract had good bioavailability and was suitable for oral administration (Table 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 135, "width": 398, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Table 2. Analysis of Lipinski’s rule of five in three test ligands Criteria of Ro5 Test ligand 1 Test ligand 2 Test ligand 3 Molar mass (Dalton) 204 162 267 Lipophilicity (LogP) 2.5238 0.858920 3.234769 Hydrogen donor bonding 0 2 1 Acceptor hydrogen bonding 4 3 3 Molar refractivity 55.497990 47.658398 87.468674 Note: Test ligand 1 (2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole), test ligand 2 (2- amino-3,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine), test ligand 3 (4,4'- (iminomethylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline or Auramine O)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 338, "width": 219, "height": 107, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dexamethasone was used as a control ligand in this study. It is a corticosteroid drug commonly administered orally or injected to humans and animals. Its extensive drug activity includes glucocorticoid replacement therapy for patients with adrenal gland insufficiency, anti-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 219, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "inflammation, and immunosuppressant. Dexamethasone is commonly used as an anti-inflammatory agent", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 479, "width": 61, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "in acute", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 495, "width": 219, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "inflammatory responses (Baniadam et al., 2021; Kaka et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 557, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 587, "width": 220, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study concluded that Peiplaneta americana cockroach extract was effective as an oral systemic anti-inflammatory agent after surgery, according to the results of the molecular docking that analyzed Gibbs free energy, inhibition constant, and Lipinski's rule of five.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 365, "top": 338, "width": 137, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "APPROVAL OF ETHICAL COMMISSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 383, "width": 219, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study did not require an ethical clearance as it did not involve experimental animals and was conducted using only computational methods .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 395, "top": 477, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 507, "width": 219, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ali, S., R. 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abc1e477-eaf5-a1ff-0a16-efd36db90934

https://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/article/download/1874/1020

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Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dan Teknologi Informasi (JIPTI), 5(1), 173–183. https://doi.org/10.52060/jipti.v5i1.1874", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 747, "width": 346, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 103, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MACROMEDIA FLASH 8 PADA MATA PELAJARAN SIMULASI KOMUNIKASI DIGITAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 147, "width": 290, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fitri Yanti 1* , Fauziah 2 , Ahmad Ridoh 3 , Desi Tri Susanti 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 160, "width": 222, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Muhammadiyah Muaro Bungo 1234", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 176, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 208, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 249, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan observasi lapangan, pembelajaran di kelas dilakukan dengan menggunakan papan tulis dan PowerPoint sederhana. Dari situ, peneliti mencetuskan ide untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran menggunakan Macromedia Flash 8 guna mengatasi kejenuhan dan kebosanan siswa dalam belajar. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE, terdiri dari tahapan: (1) Analysis (analisis), (2) Design (desain), (3) Development (pengembangan), (4) Implementation (implementasi), dan (5) Evaluation (evaluasi). Namun, penelitian ini hanya sampai tahap implementasi, sehingga evaluasi dilakukan sebagai bagian dari kegiatan implementasi. Penelitian pengembangan ini telah melewati beberapa uji, yaitu: (1) Uji validitas, dengan hasil sebesar 0,86 (aspek rekayasa perangkat lunak), 0,79 (aspek komunikasi visual), dan 0,88 (aspek pembelajaran) dengan kategori valid. (2) Uji praktikalitas, didasarkan pada respons guru dan siswa dengan nilai presentase berturut-turut sebesar 92,59% dan 96,02%, dengan kategori praktis. (3) Uji efektivitas, hasil tes secara klasikal mencapai 85% di atas KKM, dan analisis data uji t berpasangan menunjukkan peningkatan antara pretest dan posttest sebesar 2,299. Berdasarkan hasil uji, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 valid, praktis, dan efektif, serta dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci: Pengembangan, Media Pembelajaran, Macromedia flash 8 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 285, "top": 537, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 561, "width": 471, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Based on field observations, classroom learning was conducted using a blackboard and simple PowerPoint. From there, researchers came up with the idea to develop learning media using Macromedia Flash 8 to overcome students' boredom and boredom in learning. The type of research conducted is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE development model, consisting of stages: (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, and (5) Evaluation. However, this research only reached the implementation stage, so the evaluation was conducted as part of the implementation activities. This development research has passed several tests, namely: (1) Validity test, with results of 0.86 (software engineering aspects), 0.79", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "174", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(visual communication aspects), and 0.88 (learning aspects) with valid categories. (2) Practicality test, based on teacher and student responses with a percentage value of 92.59% and 96.02% respectively, with a practical category. (3) Effectiveness test, classical test results reached 85% above the KKM, and paired t test data analysis showed an increase between pretest and posttest of 2.299. Based on the test results, it can be concluded that Macromedia Flash 8 learning media is valid, practical, and effective, and can be used to improve student learning outcomes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 180, "width": 310, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords : Development, Learning Media, Macromedia flash 8 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 211, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 238, "width": 219, "height": 264, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemanfaatan kemajuan bidang teknologi informasi memberikan tantangan pada dunia pendidikan, khususnya dalam proses belajar mengajar. Dalam Undang - undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No. 20 tahun 2003, ternyata telah disadari penerimaan pengakuan bahwa sudah bukan masanya mengandalkan pendekatan konvensional saja dalam menyelenggarakan sistem pendidikan nasional. Penyelenggara pendidikan bukan hanya di ruang tertutup dengan buku dan pendidik. Revolusi teknologi informasi telah mengubah cara kerja manusia mulai dari cara berkomunikasi, cara memproduksi, cara mengkoordinasi, cara berpikir, hingga cara belajar dan mengajar menggunakan media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 222, "height": 186, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Media adalah teknologi pembawa pesan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk keperluan pembelajaran. Media merupakan alat bantu yang dapat memudahkan pekerjaan. Menurut (Mustaqim, 2017) media merupakan wadah dari pesan yang oleh sumber atau penyalurnya ingin diteruskan kepada sasaran atau penerima pesan tersebut, dan materi yang ingin disampaikan adalah pesan pembelajaran, dan bahwa tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah terjadinya proses belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 223, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Khairani & Febrinal 2016) media pembelajaran adalah faktor yang dapat membantu keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah karena akan membantu guru dalam menyampaikan informasi kepada siswa ataupun sebaliknya (artinya media akan membantu guru dalam penyampaian materi).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 362, "width": 219, "height": 186, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari pemaparan di atas,pengembangan media pembelajaran dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif metode untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik pada proses pembelajaran. Pengembangan media yang melibatkan interaktivitas antara peserta didik, materi, dan guru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun, pengembangan media pembelajaran perlu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan agar benar - benar dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 564, "width": 219, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran di SMKN 4 Bungo, khususnya pada mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital kelas X MM, guru belum menggunakan media pembelajaran yang dapat membantu menjelaskan materi pelajaran. Hal ini terlihat, ketika guru menjelaskan materi hanya menggunakan media papan tulis dan media presentasi powerpoint yang sederhana. Penyajian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "175", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "media powerpoint yang digunakan oleh guru, terlihat belum bisa menarik perhatian siswa untuk belajar. Penyajian media tersebut menyebabkan siswa tidak termotivasi dalam mengikuti pembelajaran di kelas, sehingga siswa kurang atau bahkan tidak memahami materi yang diberikan oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 219, "height": 281, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari pemaparan permasalahan di atas, pengembangan media pembelajaran dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif metode untuk meningkatkan minat peserta didik pada proses pembelajaran. Pengembangan media yang melibatkan interaktivitas antara peserta didik, materi, dan guru diharapkan dapat meningkatkan keberhasilan dalam proses pembelajaran. Namun, pengembangan media pembelajaran perlu disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan agar benar-benar dapat menyelesaikan permasalahan. Kesesuaian media pembelajaran dapat memicu perhatian peserta didik untuk senantiasa fokus mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran. Selain itu, media pembelajaran dapat dijadikan bahan ajar mandiri bagi peserta didik yang berhalangan hadir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 483, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemanfaatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 219, "height": 201, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Macromedia flash 8 merupakan salah satu upaya yang bisa dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Kelebihan Macromedia flash 8 yaitu, Memiliki tampilan dan animasi yang menarik., Memfasilitasi peserta didik untuk terlibat aktif pada saat menggunakan media dengan melakukan input jawaban secara langsung, Mampu membuat website interaktif, karena pengguna dapat menggunakan keyboard atau mouse untuk berpindah ke bagian lain dari halaman web atau movie, memindahkan obyek dan memasukkan informasi ke form.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 327, "top": 96, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Jenis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 122, "width": 219, "height": 249, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis Research and Development (R&D) yaitu penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu dan untuk menguji keefektifan produk tersebut (Sugiyono 2013: 297).Sedangkan menurut Nusa Putra (2015:67) secara sederhana R&D bisa didefinisikan sebagai metode penelitian yang secara sengaja, sistematis, bertujuan/diarahkan untuk mencari temukan, merumuskan, memperbaiki, mengembangkan, menghasilkan, menguji keefektifan produk, model, metode/ strategi/ cara, jasa, prosedur tertentu yang lebih unggul, baru, efektif, efisien, produktif, dan bermakna.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 387, "width": 219, "height": 202, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model ADDIE yang dikembangkan oleh Robert Maribe Branch, Berdasarkan landasan filosofi pendidikan penerapan ADDIE harus bersifat student center, inovatif, otentik dan inspiratif. Tahap-tahap proses dalam model ADDIE memiliki kaitan satu sama lain, Oleh karenanya penggunaan model ini perlu dilakukan secara bertahap dan menyeluruh untuk menjamin terciptanya suatu produk pembelajaran yang efektif (Branch 2009: 2).Langkah-langkah tersebut sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 707, "width": 203, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Model Pengembangan ADDIE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "176", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada pengembangan ini akan dilakukan sesuai prosedur yang telah dikembangkan Robert Maribe Branch, yang terdiri dari lima langkah. Kelima langkah tersebut adalah: Analysis (analisis),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "design(desain), development (pengembangan),", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 219, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "implementation (implementasi), evaluation (evaluasi). Berdasarkan langkah-langkah tersebut, dapat di jelaskan lebih rinci untuk mempermudah dalam memahaminya, yaitu sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 258, "width": 125, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Analysis (Analisis)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 219, "height": 186, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Langkah analisis terdiri atas dua tahap yaitu analisis kinerja (performance analysis) dan analisis kebutuhan (need analysis). Tahap pertama yaitu analisis kinerja melakukan observasi ke kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo untuk mengetahui dan mengklasifikasikan permasalahan yang dihadapi di sekolah berkaitan dengan pembelajaran, ternyata masih menggunakan papan tulis dan powerpoint sederhana sehingga terlihat belum bisa menarik perhatian siswa untuk belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 222, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap kedua adalah analisis kebutuhan yaitu menentukan media pembelajaran yang diperlukan oleh siswa yaitu media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran dan prestasi belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 606, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Design(Desain)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 219, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap kedua yaitu tahap pembuatan desain produk yang akan dikembangkan. Berikut tahapan pengembangan media:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 687, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Tahap Pengembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 154, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini telah melalui tahap uji validitas, uji praktikalitas, dan uji efektifitas. Pada uji coba validitas dilakukan dengan cara meminta pendapat kepada validator melalui angket. Dari uji coba validitas yang dilakukan, hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini valid digunakan sebagai salah satu alternative media pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 245, "width": 219, "height": 185, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji coba praktikalitas dilakukan dengan meminta pendapat guru mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital melalui angket. Dari uji coba praktikalitas didapatkan hasil bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini sangat praktis untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran. Uji coba efektifitas dilakukan dengan cara melihat perbandingan antara hasil belajar sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 447, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari uji coba efektifitas yang dilakukan memperoleh hasil bahwa, media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Media pembelajaran Macromedia flash 8 ini merupakan salah satu media yang efektif untuk digunakan sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 584, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Tahap Implementasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 610, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap berikutnya peniliti lakukan adalah Implementasi, dilakukan dengan cara mengirimkan file swf media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 ke siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo, selanjutnya siswa harus mendownload aplikasi Webgenie SWF & Flash Player di play store untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "177", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menjalankan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8. Untuk hasil praktikalitas yang didapatkan dari guru dan siswa dalam kategori “Praktis”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 149, "width": 219, "height": 107, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 ini merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital kelas X.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 270, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Development(Pengembangan)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 219, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap pengembangan bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Tahap pengembangan yang dimaksud meliputi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 372, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Tahap Validasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 219, "height": 217, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Validasi adalah proses untuk menguji kesesuaian media dengan kompetensi dasar yang menjadi tujuan belajar (Daryanto 2013:63). Validitas adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan tingkat kevalidan atau kesahihan suatu instrument. Dalam pengembangan media pembelajaran, uji valditas dimaksudkan untuk menguji sejauh mana media yang dikembangkan layak untuk digunakan. Pada tahap ini, proses validasi dilakukan dengan para ahli (validator) yang memiliki pengetahuan dan kompetensi sesuai dengan ilmu yang terkait dengan pengembangan yang dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 632, "width": 219, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun karakteristik validator yang memiliki relevansi dan dibutuhkan berdasarkan penelitian pengembangan ini yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 695, "width": 220, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Kualifikasi latar belakang pendidikan,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 352, "top": 74, "width": 192, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "doktoral dibidang pendidikan dan teknologi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 106, "width": 220, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Pekerjaan dan profesi, dosen berasal dari perguruan tinggi dan berasal dari guru SMK yang memahami, mengajar atau pernah mengajar mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 185, "width": 221, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Ahli yang berkompeten mengenai media pembelajaran dan teknologi. Kegiatan validasi dilakukan dengan menjawab pertanyaan- pertanyaan yang diberikan kepada validator pada lembaran validasi atau angket. Setelah validator menyatakan valid, maka media pembelajaran siap di uji cobakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 340, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Praktikalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 366, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Praktikalitas adalah keterpakaian media pembelajaran yang telah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 398, "width": 219, "height": 153, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dikembangkan. Praktikalitas diketahui setelah melakukan uji coba produk yang telah dikembangkan. Peneliti melakukan uji coba produk ini dilakukan pada kelompok terbatas yaitu dua orang guru teknologi digital dan siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo. Data praktikalitas diperoleh dari hasil analisis data dengan menggunakan media yang telah dikembangkan pada siswa dan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 562, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji Efektivitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 588, "width": 219, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Efektifitas yang dilihat pada tahap ini adalah hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 636, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Macromedia flash 8. Efektifitas media pembelajaran dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menilai apakah media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dapat digunakan dalam mendukung proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "178", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Implementation(Implementasi)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 102, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Langkah ini yaitu melakukan implementasi media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran disekolah. Dengan melakukan uji coba melibatkan siswa untuk mengetahui respon siswa dan kemenarikan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Evaluation(Evaluasi)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 251, "width": 219, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari tahap uji coba akan diperoleh penilaian dan hasil angket dari siswa yang mengikuti implementasi. Hasil tes tersebut akan dianalisis dan dievaluasi yang selanjutnya dapat diketahui kualitas, nilai manfaat dan respon siswa terhadap dari media pembelajaran tersebut. Hasil analisis, evaluasi, dan respon siswa ini digunakan sebagai acuan perlu tidaknya revisi media tahap akhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Uji Coba Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 445, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelaksanaan uji coba produk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 461, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dilakukan setelah rancangan produk divalidasi oleh ahli. Uji coba produk merupakan tahap penilaian dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah produk yang dihasilkan telah valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan sehingga diperlukan sampel untuk melakukan uji coba lapangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 584, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sampel adalah bagian dari jumlah dan karakteristik yang dimiliki oleh populasi. Untuk itu sampel yang diambil dari populasi harus betul-betul representative atau mewakili. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu Sampling Jenuh. Sampling jenuh adalah teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "digunakan sebagai sampel. Hal ini dilakukan bila jumlah populasi relative kecil, kurang dari 30 orang, (Sugiyono, 2014:68). Berdasarkan hasil observasi, siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo berjumlah 15 siswa, maka dari itu seluruh siswa dijadikan subjek penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 197, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji coba ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data yang dapat digunakan sebagai tolak ukur apakah produk yang telah dihasilkan valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pembelajaran khususnya pada mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi dan Digital kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo. Uji efektifitas dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan hasil belajar siswa sebelum dan sesudah memakai media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 384, "width": 219, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu, one group pretest-posttest design. Sumadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 413, "width": 219, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(2013:101) mengemukakan bahwa, “Dalam rancangan ini digunakan satu kelompok subjek. Pertama-tama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 447, "width": 219, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dilakukan pengukuran, lalu dikenakan perlakuan, kemudian dilakukan pengukuran untuk kedua kalinya”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 520, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Subjek Uji Coba", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 546, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Subjek uji coba dilakukan pada siswa kelas X MM SMKN 4 Bungo dengan jumlah 15 siswa pada mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital Semester Ganjil Tahun ajaran 2022/2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik sampling yaitu Sampling Jenuh. Sampling jenuh adalah teknik penentuan sampel bila semua anggota populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Hal ini dilakukan bila jumlah populasi relative kecil, kurang dari 30 orang, (Sugiyono,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "179", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2014:68). SMKN 4 Bungo berlokasi di Jl. Durian, Desa Tanjung Agung, Kec. Muko- Muko Bathin VII, Kab. Bungo, Jambi. Uji coba produk ini dimaksudkan untuk mengumpulkan data tentang kualitas media pembelajaran. Data tersebut digunakan untuk mengembangkan dan menyempurnakan media yang dibuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 207, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 219, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bagian ini menyajikan semua hasil analisis data yang dikumpulkan dari setiap tahapan pengembangan media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8. Berikut data hasil penelitian:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Data Uji Validitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 219, "height": 201, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation), dimana pengambilan data validitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 adalah dengan menggunakan angket (kuesioner). Dalam hal ini peneliti memberikan angket kepada 5 orang validator yang memvalidasi media yang dikembangkan. Aspek validitas yang digunakan antara lain: rekayasa perangkat lunak, komunikasi visual, dan pembelajaran. rekayasa perangkat lunak, komunikasi visual, dan pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 213, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil validasi media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash oleh validator.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Data Uji Praktikalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 100, "width": 219, "height": 179, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Respon Guru Terhadap Praktikalitas Media pembelajaran Praktikalitas berkaitan dengan kemudahan dalam penggunaaan media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 yang dikembangkan. Data praktikalitas diperoleh melalui angket yang diisi oleh dua orang praktisi Guru Mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital. Hasil penilaian terhadap kepraktisan ujian dirangkum pada tabel 2 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 285, "width": 255, "height": 265, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aspek Penilaian Persen tasi Nilai Kategori Persen tasi Nilai Kategori Guru 1 Guru 2 Kualitas isi media 94,28 % Sangat Praktis 97,14 % Sangat Praktis Daya Tarik 96,00 % Sangat Praktis 100,00 % Sangat Praktis Dapat di gunakan sebagai pembelajara n mandiri 85,00 % Praktis 95, 00 % Sangat Praktis Efisiensi 86,66 % Praktis 86,66 % Sangat Praktis Rata - rata praktikalitas respon guru 92,59 % Sangat Praktis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 575, "width": 466, "height": 125, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji praktikalitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 menurut guru yaitu 92,59 %, sehingga dapat disimpulkan media tersebut masuk pada kategori “Sangat Praktis”. No Aspek Nilai Kategori 1. Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak 0,86 Valid 2. Komunikasi Visual 0,79 Valid 3. Pembelajaran 0,88 Valid Rata-rata 0,84 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "180", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Respon Siswa Terhadap Praktikalitas Media pembelajaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 219, "height": 153, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Praktikalitas media juga memerlukan masukan berupa respon dari siswa. Data ini didapatkan setelah siswa menggunakan media Macromedia Flash 8, kemudian siswa mengisi dengan angket yang diberikan. rata- rata hasil uji praktikalitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 menurut guru yaitu 92,59 % dan menurut siswa sebesar 96,02 %, sehingga dapat disimpulkan media pembelajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Macromedia Flash 8 tersebut masuk pada kategori “Praktis”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Data Uji Efektifitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 344, "width": 219, "height": 106, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Efektifitas penggunaan media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 ditinjau dengan dua cara yaitu, melihat ketercapaian KKM secara klasikal dan dengan menghitung data pretest dan posttest menggunakan analisis Uji T data berpasangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 461, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Efektifitas Ditinjau Dari Ketuntasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 475, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Klasikal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 501, "width": 219, "height": 217, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketuntasan klasikal dilihat dari persentase jumlah siswa yang tuntas (membandingkan nilai KKM yang ditetapkan) setelah menggunakan media atau tes akhir. Landasan untuk menentukan efektivitas media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 adalah jika persentasi ketuntasan klasikal siswa lebih besar atau sama dengan 85% maka media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 efektif digunakan. Jika sebaliknya, persentasi ketuntasan klasikal siswa lebih kecil dengan 85 % maka media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 tidak efektif digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 201, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis klasikal nilai pretest yang diuraikan , maka diperoleh jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 9 siswa (60%), sedangkan hasil analisis klasikal nilai posttest yang diuraikan pada tabel 4.6 diperoleh jumlah siswa yang tuntas sebanyak 13 siswa (87%), hal ini menunjukkan ketuntasan klasikal telah tercapai. Dapat disumpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran Macromedia Flash 8 pada mata pelajaran Simulasi Komunikasi Digital efektif digunakan jika ditinjau dari ketuntasan klasikal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 286, "width": 219, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Efektivitas Ditinjau Dari Perbedaan Hasil Pretest Dan Posttest", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 320, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Analisis Perbedaan Hasil Pretest dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 352, "top": 336, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Postest", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 363, "width": 219, "height": 170, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data hasil pretest dan posttest dianalisis menggunakan rumus uji-t data berpasangan. Analisis ini digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan secara signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest. Sebelum dilakukan analisis uji t terlebih dahulu dilaksanakan uji persyaratan analisis yaitu analisis normalitas dan homogenitas untuk melihat normal atau tidaknya data. Analisis data normalitas, homogenitas dan uji-t menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 23.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 544, "width": 219, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Hasil Uji Normalitas Data Pretest dan Postest.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 588, "width": 219, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,200 lebih besar dari 0,05, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pretest dan posttest berdistribusi normal. Setelah di lakukan uji normalitas data selanjutkan dilakukan uji homogenitas data untuk mengetahui apakah varian data adalah sama atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "181", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Analisis Uji Homogenitas Data Pretest dan Postest .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Test of Homogeneity of Variances", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 191, "width": 243, "height": 154, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikansi 0,05 dan signifikansi dari perhitungan adalah 0,304 > 0,05, dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pretest dan postest mempunyai varian sama. Data pretest dan posttest yang berdistribusi normal dan memiliki varian yang sama atau homogenitas kemudian analisis dengan menggunakan analisis uji-t berpasangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 355, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 381, "width": 219, "height": 249, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 pada mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital di SMKN 4 Bungo yang telah dilakukan, maka diperoleh kesimpulan sebagai berikut: 1) Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian Research and Development . Prosedur pengembangan penelitian ini menggunakan ADDIE yaitu (1) Analysis , dilakukan 2 tahap langkah analisis yaitu analisis kinerja dan analisis kebutuhan, (2) Design, membuat desain navigasi dan juga storyboard yang mrupaka rancangan secara umum, (3) Development, bertujuan untuk menghasilkan media pembelajaran yang valid, praktis dan efektif,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 635, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(4) Implementation,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 635, "width": 219, "height": 75, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "melakukan implementasi media pembelajaran dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah, (5) Evaluation, tahap uji coba akan diperoleh peilaian dan hasil angket dan hasil tes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 74, "width": 219, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dianalisis dan dievaluasi sehingga diketahui kualitas, nilai manfaat dan respon siswa terhadap media pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 122, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pengembangan media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 137, "width": 219, "height": 281, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pembelajaran berbasis macromedia flash 8 pada mata pelajaran simulasi komunikasi digital diperoleh dari hasil uji pengembangan. Uji pengembangan meliputi uji validitas, uji praktikalitas dan uji efektifitas. Uji validitas dinilai oleh validator dari aspek media (0,84), maka dapat disimpulkan media pembelajaran berbasis Macromedia Flash 8 . Uji praktikalitas diperoleh dari respon guru 92,95 % dengan kategori “sangat praktis” dan respon siswa 96,02 % dengan kategori “praktis”. Hasil uji efektifitas media pembelajaran dihitung dari data pretest dan posttest menggunakan uji T data berpasangan. Dari uji T yang dilakukan didapatkan siswa yang tuntas 80% dari 13 orang. Dengan demikian, maka media efektif untuk digunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 429, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 445, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Andi Setiawan, M. P. (2017). Belajar dan Pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 459, "width": 188, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.Baso, F., Alfiani, A., Ramadani, A. N., & Mukhtar, N. A.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 352, "top": 500, "width": 188, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(2023). Pengaruh Metode Blended Learning Terhadap Keefektivitasan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Makassar. Jurnal MediaTIK ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 555, "width": 22, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1-5.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 569, "width": 216, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arisanti, Y., & Adnan, M. F. (2021). Pengembangan Multimedia Interaktif Berbasis Software Macromedia Flash 8 untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu , 5 (4), 2122- 2132.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 104, "width": 443, "height": 587, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i 4.930 Levene Statistic df 1 df2 Sig. 1,095 1 28 ,304", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 4 No. 2, April (2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 271, "top": 33, "width": 76, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "J I P T I", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 444, "top": 39, "width": 99, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-ISSN: 2720-9725 P-ISSN: 2987-8462", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 522, "top": 745, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "182", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 748, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "http://ejournal.ummuba.ac.id/index.php/JIPTI/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arsyad, Azhar. 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0181b193-79c4-f0e3-206a-6146621eab7b

http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/iaj/article/download/12550/8430

[ { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 465, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577 53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 335, "top": 39, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 18 (1), 2023, 53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 725, "width": 220, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "# Correspondence: Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor KM 46, Cibinong, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia 16911 E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 151, "top": 71, "width": 313, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available online at: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/iaj", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/iaj.18.1.2023.53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 80, "top": 114, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESILIENCE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF THE DOMESTICATED ASIAN REDTAIL CATFISH Hemibagrus nemurus TO HYPOXIA CONDITION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 159, "width": 468, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aliati Iswantari *) , Kurniawan Kurniawan **) , Vitas Atmadi Prakoso **)# , Deni Radona ***) , Deni Irawan **) , Fera Permata Putri ****) , Wahyulia Cahyanti ***) , Otong Zenal Arifin ***) , Jojo Subagja ***) , Rudhy Gustiano *****) , Irin Iriana Kusmini ***) , Arif Wibowo **) , and Anang Hari Kristanto ***)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 205, "width": 327, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*) Department of Aquatic Resources Management, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 222, "width": 439, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "**) Research Center for Conservation of Marine and Inland Water Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 251, "width": 400, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "***) Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 268, "width": 456, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "****) Research Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, Bogor, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 296, "width": 454, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*****) Research Center for Biosystematics and Evolution, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 313, "width": 310, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Received: April 5, 2023; Final revision: June 6, 2023; Accepted: June 8, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 344, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 101, "top": 367, "width": 414, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypoxia is one of the critical issues in aquaculture production systems as it can lead to physiological disturbances in cultured fish. This research aimed to evaluate the tolerance level and physiological responses of domesticated Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus reared in various hypoxia conditions. A total of 12 fish/treatment were acclimated to gradually decreased dissolved oxygen treatments until fish experienced aquatic surface respiratory (ASR) and loss of equilibrium (LOE). Cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose levels were detected in the blood plasma to evaluate the stress response of the fish to hypoxia. The result showed that ASR of H. nemurus was identified at 2.17 ± 0.14 ppm of dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration with the percentage of ASR was 77.67 ± 9.53%, while LOE critical of H. nemurus happened at 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm of DO where 55.56 ± 4.81% of the fish experienced LOE. There were significant differences in the values of physiological parameters (blood cortisol, haemoglobin, and glucose) between control and treatments as fish experienced LOE (P<0.05). In the present study, it was found that the Asian redtail catfish is classified as a hypoxia-sensitive fish group. This finding is valuable information for the rearing and growing of the fish to provide an optimal DO concentration for their growth and survival.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 522, "width": 247, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KEYWORDS: ASR; LOE; stress; cortisol; haemoglobin; glucose", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 548, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 566, "width": 228, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus has been developed as a new candidate aquaculture spe- cies in Indonesia (Gustiano et al., 2018; Kurniawan et al., 2021). During the domestication programme, this species showed excellent performance regarding growth, survival, and nutritional value (Kusmini et al., 2020; Subagja et al., 2015). As the new aquaculture species, evaluation of the effects of different water quality on their optimal growth and survival would be necessary before the domesticated fish would be of- ficially released to end users.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 548, "width": 225, "height": 225, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Water quality parameters play an essential role in aquaculture production systems and affect metabolic rate, physiological functions, behaviour, growth, sur- vival, health, and production performance (Svobodova et al., 1993; Boyd, 2017; Prakoso et al., 2019; Prakoso et al., 2021; Pyanuth et al., 2020). The effects of changes in water quality in cultured media can be higher or lower depending on each parameter. Low dissolved oxygen (DO) levels or high concentrations of ammonia, nitrogen, nitrite, and sulphide can lead to stress and even mortality in cultured fish. Research to evaluate the resilient performance of cultured fish on various water quality parameters is beneficial for the successful aquaculture production of Oreochromis niloticus (Makori et al., 2017). Water quality para- meters in aquaculture systems can be affected by the input of uneaten feed, which leads to poor water quality and impacts the stress of cultured fish and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 794, "width": 404, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "54 Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 52, "top": 39, "width": 326, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Resilience And Physiological Responses of The Domesticated ..... (Iswantari, Aliati)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "the change of physiological responses in golden pom- pano larvae (Allais et al., 2019). The use of artificial feed and high-density aquaculture systems can cause local aquatic hypoxia, which negatively impacts aqua- culture development (Dong et al., 2011; Douxfils et al., 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 152, "width": 227, "height": 351, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypoxia refers to the depletion of DO concentra- tion in aquaculture ponds where DO levels remain below 1-2 mg/L for a few hours (Abdel-Tawwab et al., 2019). Hypoxia causes physiological and immune dis- turbances in Atlantic salmon, which can reduce appe- tite, growth, and activity (Hvas & Oppedal, 2019). Each species of fish has various responses and resilience to hypoxia. Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias batrachus experience stress with dissolved oxygen (DO) of about 0.7 ± 0.1 mg/L and 0.98±0.1 mg/over six hours, respectively (Li et al., 2018; Tripathi et al., 2013). To investigate the effects of hypoxia on fish, the loss of equilibrium (LOE) of Atlantic cod can be used as an indicator of its critical tolerance in re- sponse to bad water quality (Gollock et al., 2006). LOE can be indicated when the chinook salmon is unable to maintain position or does not respond to a physical stimulus (Del Rio et al., 2019). Before LOE happened, aquatic surface respiration (ASR) could be used as the initial sign of the decrease in DO concen- tration in gulf killifish (Rees & Matute, 2018). The stress response of fish can also be identified from changes in the levels of haemoglobin, haematocrit, cortisol, and blood glucose (Cho et al., 2015; Prakoso et al., 2016; Pastore et al., 2018). This present re- search aims to evaluate the tolerance and physiologi- cal responses of domesticated Asian redtail catfish to hypoxia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 515, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MATERIALS AND METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 66, "top": 538, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fish acquisition and care", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 556, "width": 227, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The second generation of domesticated fish fing- erlings of Asian redtail catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) was obtained from the breeding facility at the Re- search Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fish- eries Extension (RIFAFE), Bogor, Indonesia. The fing- erlings were transported to the rearing tanks in the RIFAFE laboratory. Fish were acclimatised for a week in the rectangular tanks (80 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm) prior to treatments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 679, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Experimental design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 697, "width": 227, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The effects of hypoxia on the fish fingerling were performed with three replications. An investigation on fish responses to hypoxia conditions was carried out in the rectangular tanks following a procedure conducted by Ferrari et al. (2016). A total of 12 fish per treatment (control and hypoxia) were measured", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 313, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "for their total length and weight. In the control tanks, the fish were maintained in normoxia. Meanwhile, in the hypoxia treatment tanks, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations were gradually reduced by flowing nitrogen into the water in the rectangular tanks (40 L, 40 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm; DO: 5 to 7 ppm) to obtain hypoxia conditions. To prevent the fish from access- ing the oxygen around the water surface, mesh screens were installed about 5 cm below the water surface. The DO level was gradually decreased from 5 ppm to 4 ppm in 30 minutes and kept stable in the next 30 minutes. The same procedure was carried out from DO 4 ppm to 3 ppm, and from 3 ppm to 2 ppm. As the DO concentration reached 1.5 ppm, DO gradually decreased every 0.5 ppm in 30 minutes un- til the fish rose to the water surface to breathe as an indication of aquatic surface respiratory (ASR) and was followed by a loss of equilibrium (Wu et al., 2017). DO concentration and temperature were measured using a dissolved oxygen meter (Lutron DO-5510, Taiwan) and pH was measured using a digital pH meter (Lamotte pH 5 plus, USA). The measurement of DO, temperature, and pH were continuously monitored by placing those equipments under the water surface of hypoxia treatment and control tanks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 396, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Calculation of ASR and LOE critical", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 414, "width": 227, "height": 125, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Observed parameters e in this study included abnormality of behaviour, ASR and LOE critical. These parameters were determined and recorded by visual observation. The critical DO value of fish in response to hypoxia conditions was measured as the fish breathed to the water surface (identified as aquatic surface respiratory-ASRcrit) and the fish identified loss of equilibrium (LOEcrit) (Dhillon et al., 2013). ASRcrit was calculated using a formula explained by He et al. (2015):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 549, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "...............................(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 580, "width": 227, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PO 2 =DO value before ASR, = the change of DO (1 ppm ASR every 30 minutes), t=times as fish resilience in 30 minutes, T= times for holding DO value in 30 minutes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 636, "width": 227, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "while LOEcrit was estimated following Dhillon et al. (2013):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 679, "width": 209, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "........................(2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 716, "width": 227, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[O 2 ]2i = DO value before LOE, [O 2 ]2ii=decreasing DO (0.5 ppm of LOE every 30 minutes), ti= times as fish resilience in 30 minutes, tii= times for holding DO value in 30 minutes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 544, "width": 154, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "    2ii O tii ti 2i O LOE 2 2 Crit      2 2 Crit ΔPO T t PO ASR    2 ΔPO", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 465, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577 55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 335, "top": 39, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 18 (1), 2023, 53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 71, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Blood sampling procedure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 227, "height": 288, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To evaluate the physiological response of fish to different DO levels, blood samples were collected in the ventral venepuncture of the vertebral artery at the end of the study as the fish lost equilibrium. Blood parameters were analysed for glucose, haemoglobin, and cortisol. The blood samples were collected from three fish in each control tank (DO level: 5) and treat- ment tank (three fish at each DO level during hypoxic conditions). Prior to collecting blood samples, fish fingerlings were anaesthetized using an anaesthetic solution (2-phenoxyethanol, dose of 0.5 mL/L water). From each fish, 0.5 mL of blood was collected using a 1 mL syringe (Terumo, Japan). Glucose levels were measured using a blood glucose reader (ACCU-CHEK Active, Roche, Germany). Haemoglobin levels were measured using the Sahli method (Haemometer Marienfeld), and cortisol was analysed using the ELISA method (Biosan HiPo MPP-96). All analytical proce- dures were done according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Abnormalities of the fish exposed to different DO were also observed, including abnormal swimming behaviour, abnormal ventilatory function, and abnormal skin pigmentation (OECD, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 389, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistical data analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 407, "width": 227, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistical analysis was performed using RStudio, on all collected data. Fish length and weight, blood,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 49, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and water quality parameters were analysed using One- way ANOVA and Duncan’s test (confidence interval: 95%) to obtain the significant differences within treat- ments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 131, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 150, "width": 227, "height": 275, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Asian redtail catfish fingerlings challenged to hypoxia showed an increase in stress response with a decrease in DO concentration. The decrease in DO concentration from 5 ppm (5.00 ± 0.74 ppm) to 4 ppm (3.84 ± 0.15 ppm) and 3 ppm (3.04 ± 0.11) did not negatively impact behavioural abnormalities in fish (Table 1). However, as DO was reduced to 2 ppm, the fish started to rise to the surface area to breathe, searching for a higher oxygen concentration, known as the Aquatic Surface Respiratory (ASR) condition. The average ASR value was obtained at a concentra- tion of DO of 2.17 ± 0.14 ppm, with the percentage of fish observed experiencing ASR conditions was 77.67 ± 9.53%. Furthermore, as DO continued to decline, at the certain concentration (the critical point), the fish experienced a loss of equilibrium known as LOE critical. The LOE critical of the Asian redtail catfish occurred as DO was reduced from 1 ppm (1.09 ± 0.08 ppm) to 0.5 ppm (0.51 ± 0.06 ppm). Based on the calculation, the LOE critical of H. nemurus was predicted to occur at DO 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm, where 55.56 ± 4.81% of the fish experienced LOE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 440, "width": 471, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Dissolved oxygen (DO) tolerance of the Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus challenged in gradually decreased DO", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 470, "width": 469, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Repetition Fish number Fork Length (cm) Total Weight (g) ASR* (%) DO at ASR* (ppm) LOE** (%) Critical DO at LOE** (ppm) Control 12 9.97±1.76 a 10.62±4.53 a - - - - 1 12 10.39±0.90 a 12.28±2.50 a 83.33 1.98 58.33 0.57±0.11 2 12 10.08±1.2 a 11.85±3.39 a 66.67 2.30 50.00 0.69±0.18 3 12 10.53±1.30 a 12.28±3.84 a 83.33 2.23 58.33 0.65±0.14 Mean±STDV (1-3) 77.67±9.53 2.17±0.14 55.56±4.81 0.63±0.15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 227, "height": 125, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The effects of hypoxia on the physiological per- formance of the fish were observed based on corti- sol, haemoglobin, and glucose levels. Cortisol levels increased with a decrease in DO concentration indi- cating that a decrease in DO concentration can im- pact on the stress of the fish. Cortisol levels at DO 5 and 4 ppm were significantly different from DO 3 and 1 ppm (P<0.05; Figure 1a). In contrast, haemoglobin concentration decreased with the decrease in DO concentration. The haemoglobin level did not sig-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 580, "width": 227, "height": 125, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "nificantly differ among three levels of DO at 5, 4, and 3 ppm (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between haemoglobin level and DO levels of 5 to 1 ppm (P<0.05; Figure 1b). Furthermore, the glucose level increased with decreasing DO concen- tration. A significant difference in glucose level was detected between two DO levels at 1 and 5 ppm (P<0.05; Figure 1c). Water quality during the study showed optimal values for the growth and survival of fish except for DO (Table 2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 471, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Different superscripts in the same columns indicated significant differences (confidence interval: 95%); *ASR=Aquatic Surface Respiratory; **LOE: Loss of Equilibrium", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 794, "width": 404, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "56 Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 52, "top": 39, "width": 326, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Resilience And Physiological Responses of The Domesticated ..... (Iswantari, Aliati)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 613, "width": 227, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Water quality showed no significant differences in either temperature or pH during the experiment. Therefore, the changes in fish behaviour in the tanks occurred due to the decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 682, "width": 227, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypoxia in aquaculture ponds has frequently hap- pened because of feed and faecal accumulation, tem- perature fluctuation, and low photosynthetic activi- ty, especially in intensive aquaculture systems (He et al., 2015; Schafer et al., 2021). As hypoxia occurred in aquatic systems, fish responded with various behaviours and movements, such as moving to the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 613, "width": 227, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "water surface to contact air, becoming more active to escape from hypoxic area, or becoming less active to reduce oxygen demand (Rogers et al., 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 657, "width": 227, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this present study, ASR was obtained at DO 2.17 ppm. A lower ASR value of approximately 0.3 mg/L was found in a previous study on southern cat- fish Silurus meridionalis (Yang et al., 2013), while a higher ASR value (3 mg/L) was found on juvenile ar- mored catfish Pterygoplichthys sp. (Gibbs et al., 2021). Aquatic surface respiration can be used as the first indicator of fish’s response to environmental stress in relation to hypoxic conditions (Urbina et", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 448, "width": 471, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Stress responses of the Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus fingerlings based on cortisol (a), haemoglobin (b) and glucose (c) challenged in different dissolved oxygen levels (K = control) (Note: Different superscripts indicated significant differences at confidence interval 95%)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 52, "top": 490, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Water quality parameter of dissolved oxygen tolerance test of Asian redtail catfish Hemibagrus nemurus fingerlings in experimental tanks", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 52, "top": 597, "width": 384, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Note: Different superscripts in the same rows indicated significant differences at confidence interval 95%", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 57, "top": 515, "width": 459, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Water quality Dissolved oxygen (ppm) Control 4 3 2 1 0.5 Dissolved oxygen (ppm) 5.00±0.74 f 3.84±0.15 e 3.04±0.11 d 2.05±0.18 c 1.09±0.08 b 0.51±0.06 a Temperature (  C) 27.20±0.68 a 27.00±0.07 a 27.48±0.10 a 27.13±0.06 a 28.13±0.05 a 28.13±0.06 a pH 7.26±0.32 a 7.20±0.11 a 7.14±0.03 a 7.20±0.40 a 7.36±0.03 a 7.34±0.01 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 794, "width": 465, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ 2023, Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, p-ISSN 0215-0883; e-ISSN 2502-6577 57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 335, "top": 39, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Aquaculture Journal, 18 (1), 2023, 53-60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "al., 2011). The ASR values indicated by the decrease in DO concentration in the environment. The decrease in DO concentration in the aquatic environment re- sulted in ASR values that convert to the normal fish respiratory mechanism (Takasusuki et al., 1998). The differences in ASR values found in the present and previous studies indicated that the values are spe- cies- and size-dependent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 228, "height": 237, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fish having different tolerance responses to hy- poxia conditions depends on the temperature of their habitat. The common carp Cyprinus carpio has excel- lent hypoxia tolerance, with the LOE critical occur- ring at DO 0.1 mg/l at 12°C (Dhillon et al., 2013). The LOE critical of the Southern catfish. Silurus meridionalis was identified to be 0.08 mg/L at 25 °C (Yang et al., 2013). However, several fish species are identified to have sensitive responses to hypoxic conditions. The LOE critical of the bream Megalobrama pellegrini was 0.60 mg/L at 12°C (Dhillon et al. , 2013), white mullet Mugil curema was reported to be 1.5 mg/L at 25°C (Fangue et al., 2001), and blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala was 1.53 mg/ L at 30°C (Wu et al., 2017). Based on the present find- ing, the Asian redtail catfish is classified as a hypoxia- sensitive fish group. This information is crucial to provide an optimal DO concentration for their growth and survival during rearing and growing the fish.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 423, "width": 227, "height": 351, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The present study showed that the cortisol level of Asian redtail catfish fingerlings increased signifi- cantly under hypoxic conditions. This result was simi- lar to previous studies on yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (Wang et al., 2021) and hybrid yellow cat- fish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles (Dagoudo et al., 2021). Cortisol is an essential hor- mone for the body with several functions, including a role in glucose metabolism, the immune system, blood pressure regulation, and the response to stress conditions (Crosby et al., 2006). Changes in plasma cortisol levels are often used as a major indicator of stress. The stress response will stimulate the hypo- thalamus to release cortisol hormone, which plays a significant role in metabolism processes, immunity mechanisms, blood pressure, and the response to stress (Syawal et al., 2011). Hypoxic conditions re- sulted in a lower haemoglobin level in Asian redtail catfish fingerlings as demonstrated by this study. However, previous studies on hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles (Dagoudo et al., 2021) and adult Clarias batrachus (Rao et al., 2014) showed the increasing of haemoglobin under hypoxia treatments. The different results on hypoxia treatment related to haemoglobin indicated the variation in each species’ ability to cope with stress conditions. As the result of the decreased hae- moglobin in the present study, the availability of oxy-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 71, "width": 227, "height": 377, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "gen content in the blood cells was reduced (hypoxia). Therefore, the metabolism process was disrupted, which caused the fish to experience a lack of energy. More than 90% of the oxygen carried by haemoglobin through the gill epithelium by diffusion through hae- moglobin in the red blood capillaries (Evans & Claiborne, 2005). Moreover, glucose levels in the present study showed a significant increase under hypoxia. Glucose can be used as a biomarker for stress and hypoxia responses. The result from the present study was also similar to previous studies on the same species (Prakoso et al., 2018) and hybrid yellow cat- fish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles (Dagoudo et al., 2021). Glucose levels also increase in the Oscar Astronotus ocellatus as a response to decreasing dissolved oxygen (Li et al., 2018). Simi- larly, the glucose level of the perch Scorpaena porcus increases two-fold at hypoxia compared to a normal condition (Silkin & Silkina, 2005). When exposed to stress and low oxygen levels, fish experience an in- crease in their blood glucose levels due to the activa- tion of their hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, which further triggers the release of stress hor- mones. These hormones, cortisol and catechola- mines, cause the release of glucose from glycogen stores in the liver and muscles into the blood- stream. This released glucose provides energy for the fish against the stressor and survive in a hy- poxic environment (Lepic et al., 2014; Cofiel & Mattioli, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 459, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 477, "width": 227, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Asian redtail catfish (H. nemurus) is categorised as hypoxia-sensitive fish group. The criti- cal DO for Asian redtail catfish was found at DO 0.63 ± 0.15 ppm, indicated by stress and physiological responses detected in the increase in cortisol level. Information on optimal DO concentration in this study is essential for the growth and survival of Asian redtail catfish during rearing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 588, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 606, "width": 227, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "We would like to thank Bambang Priadi and Sri Sundari for their excellent support in this study. This research is one of the important parts of the main project titled the Asian redtail catfish domestication programme for the new aquaculture candidate funded by the Research Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, The Ministry of Marine Af- fairs and Fisheries, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 717, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 735, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdel-Tawwab, M., Monier, M. N., Hoseinifar, S. H.,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 332, "top": 748, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "& Faggio, C. (2019). 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The effects of diel-cycling hypoxia acclimation on the hypoxia tolerance, swimming capacity and growth perfor- mance of southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 165, 131-138.", "type": "List item" } ]

e14e541f-5b85-94a3-aee4-f5ab191a125b

https://journal.umg.ac.id/index.php/manajerial/article/download/5607/3493

[ { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "498", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 85, "width": 408, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INCREASING EPISTEMIC VALUE AND RATE THROUGH FLOW VALUE CO-CREATION PERSPECTIVE OF SERVICE-DOMINANT LOGIC THEORY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 251, "top": 161, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimas Wibisono *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 176, "width": 505, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Alma Ata, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, [email protected] *Corresponding Author", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 240, "width": 48, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 252, "width": 513, "height": 118, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Background – Flow value co-creation is a psychological condition where a person feels pleasure in using a product or service. This concept starts with Service-Dominant Logic Theory (SDL) which indicates that SDL tends in the domain of marketing services. Aim –This study aims to identify the mediation of Flow value co- creation (FVC) with Epistemic (EPV) and Rate (RT) variables. Design / methodology / approach – This study describes the unaffected relationship between Epistemic values and Ratings mediated by the new concept of Flow value co-creation. The PLS-SEM equation engineering model uses the retrieval technique. This study involved a total of 286 Y generations of Shopee application users Y.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 370, "width": 513, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Findings – The results showed that Flow value co-creation increased Rate. Shopee application users especially the Y generation feel shared comfort.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 393, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusion - The FVC relationship to RT has a logical impact in which the more comfortable, enjoyable, and safe using an application, the better the RT. The model can be assumed that Flow value co-creation can mediate the inconsistency of complex debates from previous studies regarding Epistemic Correlation (EPV) at Rate (RT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 440, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research implication – For startup makers in the form of applications to survive. First, updates for consumer users affect user enjoyment. Second, the evaluation of applications for target markets such as MSMEs and consumers in their use will have an impact on the market. Third, Flow value co-creation affects the stakeholders in improving application performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 487, "width": 513, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Limitations – The number of respondents is only in the Bantul area and is under 300 respondents, the development of variables such as the length of time the user is used, the frequency of applications used through advertisements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 532, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Flow, value, co-creation, service, dominant, logic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 556, "width": 43, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 567, "width": 513, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Latar Belakang - Flow value co-creation merupakan kondisi psikologis dimana seseorang merasakan kesenangan dalam menggunakan suatu produk atau jasa. Konsep ini dimulai dengan Service- Dominant Logic Theory (SDL) yang mengindikasikan bahwa SDL cenderung berada pada domain pemasaran jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 614, "width": 514, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi mediasi Flow value co-creation (FVC) dengan variabel Epistemik (EPV) dan Rate (RT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 638, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain / metodologi / pendekatan - Studi ini menjelaskan hubungan yang tidak terpengaruh antara nilai-nilai Epistemik dan Peringkat yang dimediasi oleh konsep baru Penciptaan Nilai Aliran. Model rekayasa persamaan PLS-SEM menggunakan teknik retrieval. Penelitian ini melibatkan total 286 generasi Y pengguna aplikasi Shopee Y.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 685, "width": 514, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Temuan - Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Flow value co-creation meningkatkan Rate. Pengguna aplikasi Shopee khususnya generasi Y merasakan kenyamanan bersama. Kesimpulan - Hubungan FVC dengan RT mempunyai dampak logis dimana semakin nyaman, nikmat, dan aman menggunakan suatu aplikasi maka semakin baik RT tersebut. Model tersebut dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 254, "width": 137, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima : 10 Mei 2023 Direview : 15 Agustus 2023 Direvisi : 29 September 2023 Disetujui : 30 September 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "499", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 513, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diasumsikan bahwa co-creation nilai Flow dapat memediasi inkonsistensi perdebatan kompleks dari penelitian sebelumnya mengenai Epistemic Correlation (EPV) at Rate (RT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 109, "width": 513, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implikasi penelitian - Bagi para pembuat startup berupa aplikasi untuk bertahan hidup. Pertama, pembaruan untuk pengguna konsumen mempengaruhi kenikmatan pengguna. Kedua, evaluasi aplikasi untuk target pasar seperti UMKM dan konsumen dalam penggunaannya akan berdampak pada pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 156, "width": 513, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batasan penelitian - Jumlah responden hanya di wilayah Bantul dan di bawah 300 responden, perkembangan variabel seperti lamanya pengguna digunakan, frekuensi penggunaan aplikasi melalui iklan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 202, "width": 304, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: Flow, Value, co-creation, Service, Dominant, Logic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 238, "width": 104, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 259, "width": 245, "height": 342, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Impulse buying involves a special and dynamic shopping process. Impulsive buying affects the belief in risk. Online shopping is the initial motivation to maintain online stores (Chen et al., 2019). Online customers play roles as system users and impulse buyers at later stages of shopping (Wu et al., 2016). The role of social media has shifted gradually from a marketing tool to a source of marketing intelligence. Echoing social media to combine them with a marketing strategy is challenging. It can build valuable and long- term relationships within a company (Lamberton & Stephen, 2016). The use of social media in developing countries greatly changes. The internet users in Indonesia reached 204,7 million people at the end of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 607, "width": 244, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "January 2022. This creates great opportunities for e-commerce or", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 646, "width": 245, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "marketplaces such as Buka Lapak, Lazada, Shopee, Bli-bli and others. The number of visitors in those marketplaces varied, for example, Blibli (17,51 million), Lazada (28.58 million), Bukalapak (29,88 million),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 238, "width": 244, "height": 51, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shopee (131.89 million), and Tokopedia (149.61 million). This study focuses on Shopee.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 296, "width": 245, "height": 439, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The study conducted by Sabillah et al., (2021) reveals that Shopee is a marketplace that excels in the field of fashion and beauty. This study concerns the use of Shopee by the Y Generation in Sleman District. Referring to Statistics Indonesia data, the population of the Special Region of Yogyakarta reached 3,8 million in 2018, and almost a third of that amount, namely 1,2 million people are living in Sleman District. Meanwhile, the population in this district is dominated by students or the Y generation with a total of 332,843 people with an average intensity of using the internet for 2 to 5 hours per day Y Generation or millennials are people born between 1980 and 2000 (Corodeanu, 2015). It focuses on the perceived value of mobile application users, especially in Shopee. The value concept concerns sustainable intentions (Zhang et al., 2017) and purchase behavior (Hsieh, 2016). Based on the previous studies, epistemic does not affect ratings.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "500", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 245, "height": 497, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Besides, there is a negative relationship so the researcher suspects that it can be mediated by Flow value co-creation (Hsiao et al., 2016). Flow value co-creation is a psychological state in which individuals feel good when they are involved in an activity (Csikszentmihalyi, 2008). There are some indicators of online customer engagement (Mollen & Wilson, 2010) based on SDL theory (Nittala et al., 2022). First, companies focus on being at the center of collaboration in IoT and cloud ecosystems. Second, companies focus on the responsibility for setting the context and goals for the creation of the IoT and cloud ecosystem. Third, companies focus on identifying ecosystems and their contributions. Fourth, companies focus on the need to create incentives to adopt new services. Fifth, companies focus on the need to create incentives for each company to participate in ecosystem activities. Sixth, companies focus on ensuring sustainable architecture platform integrity. Seventh, companies focus on facilitating the identification of co-creation terms and conditions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 589, "width": 245, "height": 148, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study concerns a conceptual model that describes epistemic relationships mediated by Flow value co-creation to increase marketplace ratings. This conceptual framework contributes to filling gaps in previous research. Perceived ratings can increase online stores' ratings which has a psychological impact, especially for", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 245, "height": 323, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "millennial users. The study involved the Y generation in Sleman District, Yogyakarta. The choice of a context for this study is based on the lifestyle of Y Generation Y which is rapidly buying products online. This study aims to develop previous findings by bridging the insignificant through the design of a new concept. Service-Dominant Logic (SDL) theory emphasizes the tendency in the marketing domain. This has been adopted in some other disciplines including information systems to study service systems based on technology (Beverungen et al., 2019). Service-Dominant Logic also focuses on the creation of value in organizational networks through the exchange of services (Vargo & Lusch, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 414, "width": 245, "height": 226, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Actor to actor network indicates collaboration among organizations and resource disbursement is about the decoupling of information from related physical forms. Resource density concerns the efficiency with which resources can be mobilized and aspects of the quality of services and integration of resources regarding tangible integration such as software components facilitated by the exchange of intangible resources such as knowledge, skills, and expertise.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 647, "width": 244, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic value refers to acts of curiosity, desire for knowledge, or the search for novelty in products or services (Aulia et al., 2016). The previous notion was that the experience in a social media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "501", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 245, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "environment increases the user's intention to participate in online activities (Zhang et al., 2014). Value co-creation is a prominent phenomenon in the creation of IT-enabled products and services (Grover & Kohli, 2012). Co-creation value represents by the value-creation actions carried out by stakeholders. There are mutually beneficial and integrated interactions in the application of various resources (Akaka et al., 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 318, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 339, "width": 241, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic Value and Flow value co- creation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 377, "width": 245, "height": 323, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Consumer motives in giving reviews can change buying behavior (Singh et al., 2018). Candan et al., (2013) show that innovative customers who have high epistemic value tend to pay high prices to use new products or services. Chopard et al., (2018) state that higher perceived epistemic value leads to greater intention to buy and use certain products or services. Palomba et al., (2015) explain that individuals achieve a high-flow state when searching for information online because they have clear goals and focus (Novak et al., 2000). Therefore, experience in an online environment can increase customer engagement (Carlson et al., 2017). The description above can be hypothesized as follows.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 707, "width": 241, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 1. Epistemic values affect Flow value co- creation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Flow value co-creation and Rating", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 104, "width": 245, "height": 633, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Challenges are the user's opportunities to act and relate to the level at which the user finds it difficult to manage the tasks involved (Novak et al., 2000). Concerning social media platforms, new features or functions, appearance modifications, and variations in performance options such as games, uniqueness in applications make users want to use them (Pelet et al., 2017). Generally, technology represents the useful application of knowledge (Mokyr, 2002), and knowledge is part of the institutional structure, namely society. In short, technology is an institutional phenomenon (Vargo & Lusch, 2016). Technology is also conceptualized as a resource that can act with other resources to create value and becomes an important resource in creating shared value (Akaka et al., 2013). Arthur (2009) defines technology as a process or a product that represents three aspects, namely a process for meeting human needs, an arrangement of practices and components, and all the tools and techniques available to a culture. Technology is a simplification component that enhances the core service concept and complements the inventive component (Pietro et al., 2018). Review content or the number of reviews (Kim et al., 2020); (Wu & Wu, 2016) is proven to have an impact on buyer behavior. King et al., (2014) state that there is involvement regarding buyer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "502", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "reviews. Some reviews are more informative and persuasive than others.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 124, "width": 244, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The description above can be hypothesized as follows", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 162, "width": 227, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 2 . Flow Value Co creation affects ratings.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 195, "width": 163, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic Value and Rating", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 214, "width": 245, "height": 110, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Previous studies reveal the impact of emotions on the use of the application (Wu et al., 2017) but the study does not touch on the effect of emotional value on app ratings and app costs. Investigation of emotional value intended to capture a user's intention", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 207, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "to buy an app, product, or service. Values are described as moods or feeling associated with using the app. Xiao & Kim (2009) note that emotional value is related to consumer reactions to a product or service. App ratings are important for marketers as they represent user impressions that can influence online store visits to purchase behavior (Baik et al., 2014). Based on this explanation, the study proposes the following hypothesis:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 298, "width": 186, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H 3 . Epistemic values affect ratings", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 552, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Reserach Model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 582, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 603, "width": 245, "height": 130, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study concerns the relationship between epistemic values and ratings mediated by Flow value co-creation. This study used SEM-PLS with the help of Smart PLS 3.0 software to test the mediating effect simultaneously. SEM-PLS technique on small sample sizes with complex models can", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 582, "width": 245, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "work effectively (Tabachnick & Fidell, 2012). Data were collected from 286 respondents of Shopee users through questionnaires. The questionnaire was distributed to Shopee users in Sleman, Yogyakarta from March to June 2022. SEM-PLS line analysis was used to investigate the mediating contribution of epistemic value on ratings, determine the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "503", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "validity and reliability of the model, and test the hypotheses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 124, "width": 245, "height": 110, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variable measurements were adapted from previous research with modifications according to the research objectives. All variables were measured using a Likert scale. The research variables and adapted indicators can be seen in Table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 259, "width": 162, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 279, "width": 245, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the study are based on frequency statistics to show the demographic structure. Table 1 describes the characteristics of the sample. This study involved 286 samples and it was considered sufficient for the PLS-SEM analysis. Respondents were Shopee users consiting male (47,90%) and female customers (52,10%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 453, "width": 245, "height": 284, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Measurement model analysis was to check the reliability and validity of the model (see Figure 2). The results of the measurement model are presented in Table 2 consisting of report item reliability, internal consistency reliability, and convergent validity. Estimates of the factor loading, composite reliability, and average variance extracted. The Outer Loading was carried out twice. In the first test, the indicator item was less than 0,7. The researcher removed the item indicators and then retested them with fulfilling outer loadings. This shows good reliability and validity of the model Hair et al., (2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 129, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discriminant validity examines how far the latent construct differs from other constructs in the Epistemic (X) variable of 0,782, Flow value co-creation (Z) of 0,903 and Rate (Y) of 0,847. The three variables fulfill the requirements and are correlated as presented in Table 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 233, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 253, "width": 245, "height": 478, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study strengthens the understanding of epistemic value and the impact of Flow value co-creation on ratings. This study examines Flow value co-creation as a mediating variable that can relate epistemic value variables to ratings. The results of the study show that Epistemic (EPV) affects Flow value co-creation (FVC) as evidenced by the p-value of 0,000. Value creation is a joint process on a direct interaction platform in which the service provider's service production processes and customer consumption as well as value creation processes merge into one collaborative and dialogical process (Grönroos, 2008). In an interactive service experience, customers co- create value through the integration of operand and operand sources (Vargo & Lusch, 2016), meanwhile, service providers facilitate customer resource integration activities (Ng et al., 2016). Operand resources such as raw materials and equipment are usually invisible and intangible to act on other resources (Hunt & Madhavaram, 2006). The Flow value co-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "504", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 207, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "creation (FVC) with an influential Rate (RT) shows a result of a p-value of 0,001. In line with previous studies on the process of creating shared value, customers are active players, not passive recipients (Vargo & Lusch, 2016). To create shared experiences, customers need to present, engage, and interact with people, products, and services (Prebensen et al., 2013). Customer participation describes the customer's willingness to contribute to the shared value", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "creation process, and customer information and behavior as a contribution process (Chen & Raab, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 143, "width": 244, "height": 129, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Epistemic results (EPV) affect Rate (RT) with a p-value of 0,003. This is in line with previous studies concerning the Airbnb App that functional, emotional, social, and epistemic values can increase tourist satisfaction and further tourist loyalty (Polo Peña et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 298, "width": 39, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 310, "width": 481, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Operational Definition of Variables Construct Statement Indicator References Epistemic value 6 items 1. Testing new technologies 2. Conducting new experiments", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 183, "top": 358, "width": 108, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Building curiosity", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 183, "top": 370, "width": 103, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Attractive design", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 361, "width": 479, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Trendy 6. Aesthetically appealing (Zolkepli et al., 2021) Flow value co-creation 3 Items 1. Application value focuses on common needs 2. Application value focuses on mutual enjoyment.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 48, "top": 416, "width": 491, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Application Value focuses on time distortion of sale shopping usage (Kim et al., 2020) dan (Chan et al., 2022) (Dimas Wibisono, 2023) Mobile Apps Rating (RATE) 6 items 1. I use very high rated App 2. I use an App with a good ranking on the website", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 179, "top": 491, "width": 168, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Mobile app ratings show trust", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 179, "top": 503, "width": 192, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Mobile app ratings show credibility", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 179, "top": 515, "width": 164, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Mobile app ratings are useful", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 495, "width": 484, "height": 230, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. I understand the quality of the mobile application (Zolkepli et al., 2021) Source: Processed data, 2022 Table 2 Demographic information of Respondents Description Characteristics Frequency Percent (%) Gender Male 137 47.9 Female 149 52.1 Education Senior High School 30 10.4 Bachelor’s degree 177 61.89 Master’s degree 40 13.98 Others 39 13.63 Length of using Shoppe < 1 years 78 29.12 > 2-5 years 143 53.35% > 5 years 47 17.53", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "505", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 86, "width": 497, "height": 605, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Description Characteristics Frequency Percent (%) Average Income /month < 1 Million > 1 Million – 3 Million 81 136 87.9 8.3 > Rp 3 Million – Rp 5Million 51 3.8 Types of item purchased Fashion clothing Craft 129 23 48.13 8.58 Food Culinary 71 26.49 Electronic 26 9.70 Cosmetics 19 7.08 Source: Processed data, 2022 Table 3 Outer Loadings, Composite Reliability, Average Variance Extracted Construct Item Outer Loadings 1 Outer Loadings 2 Composite Reliability (CR) Average Variance Extracted (AVE) Epistemic value EV.1 0.706 0.732 0.862 0.611 EV.2 0.791 0.810 EV.3 0.802 0.799 EV.4 *0.539 EV.5 0.714 0.783 EV.6 *0.679 Flow value co- creation FVC.1 0.842 0.888 0.898 0.815 FVC.2 *0.658 FVC.3 0.902 0.918 Mobile Apps Rating (RATE) RT.1 0.833 0.801 0.910 0.718 RT.2 0.860 0.920 RT.3 *0.389 RT.4 0.873 0.904 RT.5 0.470 RT.6 0.819 0.752 Source: Processed data, 2022 Table 4 Discriminant Validity Table 5 The results of hypothesis testing Variable relation Original Sample Sample Mean Standard Deviation t-value p - values Hypothesis H1. EPV (X)  FVC (Z) 0.839 0.836 0.031 27.331 0.000 Supported H2. EPV (X)  RT (Y) 0.235 0.241 0.071 3.310 0.001 Supported H3. FVC (Z)  RT (Y) 0.326 0.337 0.109 2.992 0.003 Supported H4. (Me). EPV (X)  FVC(Z)  RT(Y) 0.274 0.282 0.093 2.947 0.003 Supported Source: Processed data, 2022 Variable EPV (Y) FVC (X) RT (Z) Epistemic (X) 0.782 Flow value Co creation (Z) 0.39 0.903 Rate (Y) 0.235 0.294 0.847", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "506", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 326, "width": 433, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Processed data, 2022 Figure 2. Full structural model of financial behavior and financial planning and control", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 367, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 388, "width": 245, "height": 342, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to build a conceptual model regarding epistemic value in applications through Flow value co-creation to increase the rating. SD logic, as proposed by Vargo & Lusch (2004), is a fundamental paradigm of shared value creation research (Andreu et al., 2010). Vargo & Lusch (2004) state that the former centers on tangible outputs and discrete transactions with intangibles, exchange processes, and relationships. Values can only be created with and defined by the users. Flow value co-creation is fun or enjoyment in using an application or marketplace. Epistemic positive relations (EPV), Flow value co-creation (FVC), and Rate (RT) are positive. The FVC relationship to RT has a logical impact in which the more comfortable, enjoyable, and safe using an", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 366, "width": 245, "height": 91, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "application, the better the RT. The model can be assumed that Flow value co-creation can mediate the inconsistency of complex debates from previous studies regarding Epistemic Correlation (EPV) at Rate (RT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 483, "width": 165, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH IMPLICATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 504, "width": 245, "height": 206, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Acceptance and rejection of the hypothesis reveal managerial implications, especially for startup makers in the form of applications to survive. First, updates for consumer users affect user enjoyment. Second, the evaluation of applications for target markets such as MSMEs and consumers in their use will have an impact on the market. Third, Flow value co-creation affects the stakeholders in improving application performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 39, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Manajerial, Volume 10 Nomor 03 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 39, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P-ISSN : 2354-8592", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 50, "width": 212, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/manajerial.v10i03.5607", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 461, "top": 50, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E-ISSN : 2621-5055", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 536, "top": 742, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "507", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 772, "width": 445, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright© Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Program Studi Manajemen Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik Jawa Timur Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 85, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 106, "width": 245, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alhamdulillahirabil 'alamin, the researcher would like to thank the presence of Allah subhanahuwata'ala who has bestowed", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 244, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mercy, compassion, opportunity, health, and grace so that this article can be completed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 184, "width": 87, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 203, "width": 514, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akaka, M. 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01b34608-b111-7427-4c06-3ad7a71c6963

https://law-journal.hangtuah.ac.id/index.php/jurnal/article/download/176/111

[ { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 157, "width": 424, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PROCEDURE AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCE DUE TO THE CONVERSION OF COMMANDITAIRE VENOTSCHAP TO LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 196, "top": 247, "width": 203, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ang Vincent Lawrence Angelo Sendow *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 428, "height": 202, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The company takes an important part of the social life of the community. In order to carry out its business activities, the parties granted the freedom to conduct business individually or through a business entity. One form of business entity that is still alive which is oftenly used is through a Commanditaire Vennotschap (CV). As the time goes by, the existence of the CV is deemed no longer able to meet the demands arising from the development. This triggered the desire of the parties to change the form of business from CV into a legal entity. Limited Liability Company or in Indonesia called as “Perseroan Terbatas (PT)” becomes the main choice by the entrepreneurs. The conversion of a CV into a PT is a step that can be taken by the entrepreneurs. The conversion of the CV into a PT is possible to be carried out without having to terminate the CV in advance as the termination of the CV will have impacts on the agreement it has made to be settled on that time, whereas on the other hand the agreements that have been made have not yet expired or done.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "conversion, commanditaire vennotschap, legal consequences, limited liability company, procedures", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 346, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Faculty of Law, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Correspondence: Ang Vincent Lawrence Angelo Sendow, Faculty of Law, Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 36, "width": 266, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 76, "width": 394, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1 April 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 428, "height": 223, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The role of law is essential in improving the national development. One of the main aspects of national development is the economic development of a country. Legal reforms take a fundamental role in actualizing economic development in the country. The existence of business activities within a country will also affect the national development which is to improve the welfare of the society. One of the main pillars in the framework of national economic development is through business processes undertaken by the society as its parties. Although the parties often do not realize it, they basically takes legal steps with all its consequences when the parties entering the business activities (Agus Yudha Hernoko, 2010). Basically any business activity must be framed by the legal contract (Moch. Isnaeni, 2013). Recognizing that every business step is a legal step, it is appropriate that a legal measure be offset by the availability of adequate regulations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 428, "height": 205, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The company takes an important part of the social life of the community. The community as a consumer becomes the target for the company to distribute the products or services it produces. On the other hand, the community can also hold a position as the main supplier of the company's needs. Thus society and the company are on two sides that need each other (Tuti Rastuti, 2015). In order to carry out its business activities, the parties generally granted the freedom to conduct business activities individually or through a business entity. There are at least three forms of companies that can be chosen by the public i.e. sole proprietorship, limited liability company, and partnership companies (Yetti Komalasari Dewi, 2016). In Indonesia, business entity is divided into two categories, business entity as a legal entity and business entity which is not as a legal entity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One form of business entity that is still alive and growing, which is often used by entrepreneurs in order to run their business activities is through a Commanditaire Vennotschap (hereinafter abbreviated as CV). This form of business entity is oftenly used not only because of its easy establishment procedure, but the cost incurred in order to establish the CV is also not as big as a legal entity. As the time goes by, it turns out that the existence of the CV is deemed no longer able to meet the demands arising from the economic development. This triggered the desire of the parties to change the form of business entity from CV into a legal entity. As one of the legal entities, Limited Liability Company or in Indonesia called as “Perseroan Terbatas” (hereinafter", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "abbreviated as PT) becomes the main choice by the entrepreneurs considering the various advantages they have, such as the ability to develop themselves as well as the ability to enhance the capital (Agus Budiarto, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The conversion of a CV into a PT is a step that can be taken by the entrepreneurs. It is also possible that a conversion of the CV into a PT occurs as a result of the regulations that requires a certain business field to be run in the form of a PT. In practice, it turns out that the demands raised in society are not balanced by the availability of adequate regulations. This is because the legal arrangement of CV has never changed, but on the other hand the demands of the activities of CV have developed massively. This problem causing weakness for the entrepreneurs, economically and juridically.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The main objective of the conversion of a CV to a PT is to ensure that any agreements made by an ongoing CV may be transferred to a PT. The conversion of the CV into a PT results in the status of the CV to be automatically terminated by law and changing to a PT. Although in practice the changing form of the CV into PT has come to be known, but it turns out that this legal process is not accompanied by the availability of legal regulations governing it. This resulted that the procedure of the conversion of the CV into PT is not in line one another thus causing legal uncertainty. Based on what mentioned above, it will be further analyzed the procedures and legal consequences of the Conversion of CV into PT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 487, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The type of research used in this paper is normative research, specifically a doctrinal research. This study uses two types of legal materials, specifically primary law and secondary law to find solutions to legal issues appeared. This research is conducted by listing the applicable regulation related to the CV and PT, both in the aspect of the conversion arrangement, and in the aspect of legal consequences. As a normative study, the focus of this research is on theoretical matters concerning legal principles, legal concepts, statutory regulations, legal opinion, legal doctrines and related legal systems. In this paper, there are two types of approaches used, the conceptual approach and the statute approach.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 125, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Procedure of the Conversion of Commanditaire Vennotschap (CV) into Limited Liability Company (PT)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 281, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In order to develop the business on a wider scale or to fulfill the obligations set by the government, one of the business development strategies that is possible to be taken is through the conversion of CV into PT. The main objective of the conversion is to ensure that any contracts made by an ongoing CV be able to be transferred to a PT. There are several procedures that need to be considered for the established CV must have committed legal actions with the other parties. The conversion is possible to be carried out without having to terminate the CV in advance as the termination of the CV will have impacts on the agreement it has made to be settled on that time, whereas on the other hand the agreements that have been made have not yet expired or done. This conversion will change the status of the company that previously was a non-legal entity into a legal entity, therefore there are matters that need to be considered and adjusted in order to obtain the status of a legal entity. There are several steps that must be fulfilled so that the agreement between the CV and the third party constantly continue. In relation thereto, the process of conversion of the CV into a PT is further divided into 3 (three) stages.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 428, "height": 281, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The first stage is the Calculation and Assessment of Assets of the CV. This stage aims to determine the amount of assets of the CV that are separated from the wealth of its members, whose will be converted into issued shares of the PT which will be established. In this case, an assessment of the assets of the CV should be conducted first. The Assessment of CV’s assets as intended, shall be done by calculating the assets, including the accounts and debts of the CV, as well as the distribution of the balance to the members, which shall then be set forth in the balance sheet and financial statements of the CV. The assessment should be undertaken by experts that are unaffiliated with the CV. In this case, the unaffiliated expert refers to a Public Appraiser. Based on the Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 125/PMK.01/2008 concerning Public Appraisal Services, a Public Appraiser is an Appraiser who has obtained license from the Minister to provide valuation services to provide estimation and opinion on the economic value of an assessment object in accordance with the Indonesian Assessment Standards. In connection with the conversion of the CV into a PT, the calculation of the amount of income ( inbreng ) derived from the assets of the CV which is not in the form", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "of cash, especially in the form of land and/or building must be assessed in advance in order to be converted into par value of the shares.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 428, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In order to determine the balance sheet as well as the financial statements of the CV, this conversion should involve the role of the Public Accountant. The involvement of a Public Accountant in performing calculations/audits on the financial condition of the CV refers to the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5 Year 2011 on the Public Accountant. Based on that regulation, it can be seen that the Public Accountant has a role in giving opinion on the quality and credibility of financial information of an entity. Thus, the responsibility of a Public Accountant rests on an opinion or statement of opinion on the report or financial information of an entity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The consideration for the assessment and calculation of the assets and liabilities of the CV by unaffiliated parties is to obtain objective results on the amount of assets of the CV which will be subdivided to its members to be converted into issued capital within the PT to be established (Adib Pangaribuan, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 365, "width": 428, "height": 242, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The second stage that needs to be implemented in this conversion is Announcement of Conversion Plan of CV into PT, Including Plans of Inclusion of Assets of CV into Issued Capital in PT. In relation to the conversion, the members of the CV shall be obliged to notify the plan to the parties related to the CV, whether to the creditors and to the debtors of the CV. In addition, the following conversion plans and financial statements of the CV should be announced in a media that are accessible to the public. This announcement to the third party also relates to the conversion process of the assets of the CV to the PT into the issued capital of the PT in the form of shares. The deposit of capital in the form of immovable goods ( onroerende goederen/zaken) must be announced in 2 (two) daily newspapers to be known by the public. Announcement regarding the deposit shall be made through Indonesian language daily newspapers with national circulation. The announcement contains the amount of capital in the form of immovable property and the other details (I. G. Rai Widjaya, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 621, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This announcement is needed in order to meet the principle of publicity, so that this information can be known by the public and to give an opportunity to the interested parties to object to the transfer of such item as a share capital deposit, for example, it is known that it does not belong to the depositor but to a third party. (Sujud Margono, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 320, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After the stages as described above are implemented, the next step that must be done is the Adjustment of Articles of Association of CV into the Deed of Establishment of PT. The deed of establishment of PT is an essential element that must be fulfilled in the establishment of the PT. It is necessary to affirm that the establishment of a PT is to continue the business activities of a conversed CV. In relation to the establishment of the PT, the result of the conversion, Article 7 paragraph (1) of Law Number 40 of 2007 regarding Limited Liability Company (hereinafter referred to as UUPT) stated that \"The Company is established by 2 (two) or more persons by notarial deed in Indonesian language\". This provision is considered as an imperative provision ( dwingendrecht ) and can not be disregarded by the parties even though on the basis of agreement. M. Yahya Harahap stated that the company's establishment must be made in writing ( scriftelijk ) in the form of deed, specifically in the form of notarial deed ( Notariele Akte ). The requirement of notarial deed not only serves as a probationis causa , which means notarial deed not only serves as a proof of the establishment of PT, but also serves as a solemnitatis causa , that if it is not made in the form of notarial deed, such stance is not eligible so that it can not be granted by the government (M. Yahya Harahap, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In order to establish PT as a result of the conversion of the CV, the parties can not directly apply for the approval of the establishment of a PT, but must submit a reservation and check the name of the company in advance. This is also regulated in government regulation number 43 of 2011 on Procedures of Application and Use of Limited Company Name (hereinafter referred to PP Number 43/2011). The filing of the company's name is made by a notary on behalf of the founder in the capacity as the applicant through the Information Technology Administration System of Electronic Legal Administration. This process is intended to provide protection and legal certainty to the founders of PT that have used the name of the company in good faith, as well as to other parties who have previously used the name of the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 428, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "If the submission of the name of the PT has obtained the approval from the Minister, the next stage is the issuance of the Deed of incorporation of the PT. The issuance of Deed of Establishment of PT shall be executed within 60 (sixty) days after the approval from the Minister. As previously stated that the deed of establishment of PT must be written in the form of notarial deed since the deed of establishment is positioned as probationis causa and also solemnitatis causa . In relation with the establishment of a PT as a conversion form from CV, the things that need to be set forth in the Deed of establishment of PT are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Referring to various forms of agreements and legal acts that have been committed and related to the ownership of shares, in accordance with the provisions of Article 12 of UUPT as follows:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 138, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(i). If made by a underwritten deed, it is mentioned and attached to the minutes of the deed;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 184, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(ii). If made by an authentic deed, it shall mention the date, day, time and made before the Notary which makes the deed.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 230, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Approval of the allies/founders to transfer all rights and obligations of the CV to the PT. This takes a very fundamental provision in the establishment of PT as a result of the conversion of the CV. With this approval the liability of the allies in relation to the maintenance of the Legal Command will legally turn to the incorporated PT. In this matter, it includes the agreements that have been made with third parties. In relation with this process, the author considers this matter to be described it in the recitals section on the Deed of establishment of PT.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 373, "width": 428, "height": 146, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. The declaration that the incorporated PT is a continuation of the Business of the CV shall also describe the CV, include the number and date of the deed of establishment, as well as the amendments thereof, as well as the date of registration of establishment and amendment to the Registrar of the local District Court. Related to the statement, the author considers that information about the objectives of the establishment of a PT as a continuation of the business of the CV to be set forth in Article 3 of the Deed of Establishment of PT in relation with the purpose and objectives and business activities of the company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Another thing to be noted is the provisions of the capital of a PT. The regulation on capital is considered necessary considering that the Articles of Association of the CV generally do not contain the provisions concerning the Authorized Capital or the Issued/Paid-in Capital. In relation to the arrangement concerning the issued and paid up capital of PT as a conversion from the CV, the financial condition as outlined in the Final Balance of the CV shall be set forth in the Deed of Establishment of PT as Issued and Paid-in Capital. Therefore, the authors considered that the financial statements containing the balance sheet of CV which has been audited by Public Accountant is set forth in Article 4 of the Company's Articles of Association concerning Capital.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 224, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To obtain a Ministerial Decree on the legalization of a legal entity of the PT, the Applicant must submit an electronic application to the Minister. As to the application as intended, it must be submitted within 60 (sixty) days from the date of the establishment deed has been signed. Furthermore it is also determined that the proposed establishment format shall be accompanied by an electronic statement from the applicant concerning the documents for the establishment of the Company has been completed, while the physical supporting documents as intended, shall be kept by the notary as the applicant. The term of supporting documents as described is based on Regulation of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 4 of 2014 jo . Regulation of the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1 of 2016 (hereinafter referred to as Permenkumham RI Number 4 of 2014 jo. Permenkumham RI Number 1 of 2016) includes:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 298, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Minutes of the deed of establishment of the Company;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 427, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Photocopy of deposit slip or photocopy of bank statement on behalf of the Company or joint account on behalf of the founders or original statement has deposited the capital of the Company signed by all members of the Board of Directors together with all founders and all members of the Board of Commissioners of the Company, if the deposit of capital in the form of money ;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 427, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Original certificate of assessment from an unaffiliated expert or proof of purchase of goods if the deposit of capital in a form other than money accompanied by proof of announcement in the newspaper if the deposit in the form of immovable objects;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 526, "width": 425, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Photocopy of balance sheet of incorporated Company or balance sheet of non- legal entity incorporated as capital deposit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Letter of declaration of the ability of the Founders to obtain the tax ID Number and the report of receipt of annual tax notice; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Photocopy of certificate of complete address of the Company from the authorized institution or original statement concerning the complete address of the Company signed by all members of the Board of Directors together with all Founders and all members of the Board of Commissioners of the Company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article 9 Paragraph (3) of UUPT has been stated that the procedure to obtain a Ministerial Decree on legalization of a legal entity of the company, where in the case that the founders of the company do not submit the application for legalization of a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 205, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "legal entity of the company, the founders of the company may only authorize the notary. In its implementation, based on the provisions of Article 2 paragraph (1) Permenkumham RI Number 4 of 2014 jo. Permenkumham RI Number 1 of 2016, Submission of application for legalization of a legal entity of the company shall be conducted by a notary as the power of the founder acting in the capacity of the applicant. This provision is a mandatory law ( dwingenrecht ), therefore, the founder shall appoint a notary as a power to act on the application (M. Yahya Harahap, 2016). Ratio Legis of this arrangement is based on the consideration that not all the founders of the PT understand the administrative system and the process of filing legal entity approval so that the submission is done by the party considered to master the process which in this case is notary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Existence of the First General Meeting of Shareholders After the Limited Liability Company Obtains the Minister's Approval", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 428, "height": 185, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In relation with the principle of law, basically the founders and the Board of Directors stands in the fiduciary position against the company as long as the company has not obtained the status as a legal entity. They are therefore personally liable for all legal acts committed by and to the third parties. It is also implied in the provision of Article 3 Paragraph (2) Sub-Paragraph a of the UUPT that \"Shareholders of the Company are personally responsible for the commitments made on behalf of the Company and are liable for losses of the Company in excess of the shares owned if the requirements of the company as legal entity have not been met or not met\". Thereby it may be interpreted that a legal act done before the company is legal as a legal entity shall be the sole responsibility of the party committing the act.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 428, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the event that the founders of the PT intend to include any legal act which occurs when the business entity is still in the form of a CV into an incorporated PT, then the first General Meeting of the Shareholders of the PT (hereinafeter abbreviated as GMS) since obtaining the status as a legal entity shall expressly accept or take over all rights and the obligations of the CV. Based on the provisions of Article 13 Paragraph (1) of the UUPT, principally legal action by the founder/allies for the interest of the Company that has not been established, binds to the PT after PT lawfully obtains the legal entity status. However, this transition can not be carried out directly by law ( van rechtswege, ipso jure ) (M. Yahya Harahap, 2016). Under the provisions of Article 13 paragraph (1) of UUPT, The legal act of the founders which in this case was formerly the allies of the CV, on behalf of the company will bind the company after becoming a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 33, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "legal entity when the first GMS expressly accept, take over and affirm in writing the act of the founders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 428, "height": 338, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It should also be affirmed that the Company's attachment to the legal act of the CV, through the GMS already authorized to become a legal entity shall itself be a party to the said agreement (Agus Budiarto, 2009). In the event that the first GMS does not expressly accept and assume all rights and obligations as mentioned above, the prospective founder committing the act of law shall be personally liable for any consequences arising (Agus Budiarto, 2009). The GMS as intended, shall be executed no later than 60 (sixty) days after the Company has obtained legal status as a legal entity. The first GMS to approve the legal actions of the founders of a PT shall be attended by all shareholders with voting rights and such decisions shall be unanimously approved. It is solely to bind the Company thereby resulting in the transfer of rights and obligations of all legal acts committed by the CV to the Company. In the event that it is not fulfilled by the provisions of this first GMS whether it is by the quorum, party that agrees, or has passed a period of time, the legal act committed by allies of the board on behalf of the CV is not binding on the company and the founders who are allied to the PT shall be personally liable to all the consequences arising from legal acts committed. Therefore, the existence of the first GMS is considered as an affirmation and approval of all agreements and legal acts committed by the founders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 471, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As a subject to the provisions of Article 13 paragraph (5) of the Company Law, the first GMS after obtaining the status as a legal entity is not required in the event that the legal act is committed or agreed in writing by all of the founders/allies prior to the establishment of the Company. This means that the legal acts committed by the founders of a PT that were formerly allies of the CV, if it has been mutually agreed to be transferred to the Limited Liability Company, upon the establishment of the PT, the first GMS referred to in Article 13 paragraph (1) is not required. Approval of the founders of this Limited Company is further can be poured in premises/recitals in the deed of establishment of PT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 428, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It should be noted that the exemption as referred to in Article 13 paragraph (5) of UUPT can only be applied if all the allies of the CV are the founders of the PT. In the event that any other party wishes to enter as a founder or an organ of a PT, it is still necessary to have a GMS to firmly accept, take over and affirm in writing the legal actions of the CV which are to be transferred to a PT. In the event that the GMS as", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "intended is not executed, the allies of the CV shall remain responsible for its legal actions on behalf of the CV into the responsibility of each partner in a mutually exclusive manner as stipulated in Article 18 of the Commercial Code.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 137, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Legal Consequences of the Conversion of the Commanditaire Vennotschap (CV) to a Limited Liability Company (CV) against the Conducted Agreements", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "It has been explained previously that the main purpose of conversion of a CV into the PT is so that the agreements made by the ongoing Parties may be transferred to the PT. The conversion of the form of a CV into a PT resulted in the status of a CV automatically terminated by law and changing into a PT. The change of the form of the CV into a PT was held in order to avoid the stages of dissolution of the existing CV that will cause an impact on the agreements it has made to be settled on the spot, but on the other hand the agreements made with the third party have not yet expired or done.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 428, "height": 243, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As for the legal consequences of the conversion of the CV into a PT can be reviewed from various aspects. In relation to the conversion thereof, the change of the CV into a PT means to change the status of the company that was not previously incorporated as a legal entity, and hence the position of the CV as the party of the obligations made for the law shall be transferred to the PT. In relation to its responsibilities and management, the conversion of the CV into a PT will result in the transfer of responsibilities of the CV which in this case its operations are organized by the Managing Partners, to the responsibility of the PT and carried out by the Board of Directors. In connection with what is described above, it is necessary to renew the agreements that have been made. This is deemed mandatory to be carried out even in the course of the change, the founders of the PT have announced plans to conduct this conversion. This means that legally the treaties have been made by the CV, especially written agreements ( scriftelijk ), needs to be updated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the legal relationship embodied in the form of agreements, Sri Soedewi Masjchoen Sofwan argues that there are at least two parties, the Creditors as the party having receivables, and the Debtor as the party having the debt (Sri Soedewi Masjchoen Sofwan, 1980). If it is associated with the Agreement made by the CV through its Managing Partner, the CV can be positioned as Creditor or as Debtor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the case of a CV as a creditor, in addition to notification to the Debtor of the CV, the contract or agreement that has been made shall be renewed. Renewal of the agreement as intended, aiming to make the treaty made by the parties permanently bind the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "parties perfectly. In order to renew the agreement with the third parties, it is necessary to identify the forms and types of agreements previously made by the CV. This is necessary considering that in Article 12 of the company's Articles of Association there is the possibility of limiting the authority of the Board of Directors as determined by the founders. In this case it is necessary to reiterate that the requirement shall refer to the presence or absence of limitations on the authority of the Board of Directors in representing the PT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 428, "height": 148, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "As well as in the case of a CV as a creditor, in the case of a CV having the position of a Debtor, the contract or agreement that has been made with the Creditor shall be renewed in order for the agreements made by the parties remain binding on the parties perfectly. In relation to the position of the company as a debtor, it should be noted that some agreements may be accompanied by additional agreements that aims to support the implementation of the principal agreement, or commonly known as the accessoir agreement. One of the accessoir agreements commonly encountered in the practice on the community is the collateral agreement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 376, "width": 428, "height": 261, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based from its type, collaterals can be differentiated into material guarantee and personal guarantee. Material guarantees are collateral for certain items owned by the debtor or third party property designated specifically for the benefit of certain creditors (Trisadini P. Usanti, et. al., 2016). The guarantee made by the parties is classified as a material agreement not an obligatoir agreement, and thus the right arose from a material agreement is a material right. Several types of commonly known guarantee institutions in Indonesia are Gadai ( pand ), Hypotheek , Hak Tanggungan (Mortgage), and Fiduciare Eigendom Overdracht (FEO/Fidusia). In addition to the material guarantee, known also the existence of Individual Guarantees that usually use the terms of the guarantee agreement ( borgtocht ). Article 1820 BW defines guarantee as an agreement with which a third party, in the interest of the debtor, binds himself to fulfill his indebted obligations when the debtor does not comply with his ageement. This indicates that the guarantee agreement is an accessoir agreement as well as the material agreement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 428, "height": 89, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In relation to an agreement positioning a CV as a debtor with a material agreement in the form of a principal agreement accompanied by a guarantee agreement, then both treaties need to be renewed together. The Ratio Legis of renewal of the principal agreement which involves a guarantee agreement is because of the involvement of a third party in a guarantee agreement or commonly known as third party guarantees.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This renewal is aimed at ensuring that the inherent guarantee agreement on the updated treaty remains perfectly binding on the parties. On the other hand, renewal of this warranty agreement is a reaffirmation of the guarantor of the updated principal agreement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Renewal of all agreements, specifically agreements originate from written agreements, is principally intended to provide optimal legal protection to all parties, creditors, debtors and even to third parties as guarantors. The creditor obtains legal protection for the accomplishment of the achievement, the debtor obtains legal protection for his/her rights as the debtor in the agreement, while the third party guarantors get legal protection in relation to the assurance of the status of the principal agreement made. With the realization of optimal legal protection for the parties, it is expected that the objectives of law in order to in order to actualize certainty, justice, and expediency can be realized", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 428, "height": 128, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whereas the conversion of the CV into PT is possible to be carried out without having to terminate the CV first. This conversion resulted in the status of the CV to be automatically dissolving by law and changing into a PT. The process of conversion divided into stages of Calculation and Assessment of Assets of CV; Announcement of the Plan of conversion, Including the Plan of Inclusion of Assets of CV into Issued Capital on the PT; and Adjustment of Articles of Association of CV into the Deed of Establishment of PT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 506, "width": 428, "height": 166, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In relation to the transfer of rights and obligations of the CV to the PT, in the case of all partners of the CV are the founders of the PT, no GMS is required to take over the rights and obligations of the founders. The transfer of rights and obligations shall be done in writing as set forth in the Deed of Establishment of PT, specifically on the part of premises/recitals. However, in the case of any founder of a PT is not an ally of the CV, and all the founders wish to include any legal action that has been made into the PT to be established, it is necessary to hold the first GMS to receive or take over all rights and obligations of the CV in accordance with the provisions of Article 13 paragraph (1) UUPT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The conversion of the CV into a PT brings the legal consequence that the position of the CV as a party on a contract shall be transferred to the PT. In connection with the conversion, it is necessary to renew the agreements it has made in both the Creditor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 109, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "and the Debtor positions. About all the agreements made in the position of the Debtor that are supported by a guarantee agreement, the party providing the guarantee shall renew the guarantee agreement to provide optimal legal protection for both the Debtor, the Creditor and the third Party as the guarantor. With the realization of optimal legal protection for the parties, it is expected that the objectives of law in order to actualize certainty, justice, and expediency can be realized", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 195, "width": 58, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdulkadir Muhammad. (1999). Hukum Perusahaan Indonesia . 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Hukum Perjanjian – Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Kontrak Komersial , Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Freddy Harris, Teddy Anggoro. (2010). Hukum Perseroan Terbatas: Kewajiban Pemberitahuan oleh Direksi . Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 427, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Widjaj. (2006). Seri Aspek Hukum Dalam Bisnis Persekutuan Perdata, Firma, dan Persekutuan Komanditer , Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 500, "width": 400, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I.G. Rai Widjaya. (2000). Hukum Perusahaan Perseroan Terbatas , Jakarta: Mega Poin.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 527, "width": 368, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "James D. Cox, et.al. (1997). Corporations . New York: Aspen Law & Business.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 554, "width": 371, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "M. Yahya Harahap. (2016). Hukum Perseroan Terbatas . Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moch. Isnaeni. (2013). Perkembangan Hukum Perdata di Indonesia . Yogyakarta: Laksbang Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 627, "width": 361, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "_______ (2016). Pijar Pendar Hukum Perdata . Surabaya: Revka Petra Media.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 654, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Paul L. Davies. (2003). Gower and Davies Principles of Modern Company Law , London:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 674, "width": 101, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sweet and Maxwell.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peter Mahmud Marzuki. (2007). Penelitian Hukum . Jakarta: Kecana Prenada Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 391, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rudhi Prasetya. (2014). Perseroan Terbatas, Teori & Praktik . Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 37, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HANG TUAH LAW JOURNAL", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 386, "top": 36, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1. April 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 758, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 72, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri Soedewi Masjchoen Sofwan.(1980). 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Bandung: Refika Aditama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yetti Komalasari Dewi.(2016). Pemikiran Baru Tentang Pesekutuan Komanditer (CV): Studi Perbandingan KUHD dan WvK Serta Putusan-Putusan Pengadilan Indonesia dan Belanda . Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 780, "width": 328, "height": 43, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Master of Laws, Faculty of Law, Hang Tuah University, Surabaya, Indonesia Print ISSN: 2549-2055 Online ISSN: 2549-2071 Open Access at: http://law-journal.hangtuah.ac.id", "type": "Text" } ]

551fa27f-07d9-0d38-3097-7aab2b105d6f

https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/majalahfarmaseutik/article/download/24123/15779

[ { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 481, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "300", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 85, "width": 405, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SWAMEDIKASI PADA PASIEN GERIATRI DI APOTEK AFINA DAN FARMARIN KOTA YOGYAKARTA PERIODE MEI-JULI 2014", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 163, "width": 400, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SELF-MEDICATION OF THE GERIATRIC PATIENTS AT AFINA AND FARMARIN PHARMACIES IN YOGYAKARTA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 194, "width": 194, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERIOD MAY – JULY 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 407, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti 1 , Dyah Aryani Perwitasari 2 , Wahyu Widyaningsih 2 1 Program Pasca Sarjana Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 249, "width": 283, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Fakultas Farmasi UAD, Yogyakarta Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 294, "top": 286, "width": 67, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 300, "width": 372, "height": 274, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apotek merupakan salah satu tempat pelayanan kesehatan yang menyediakan kebutuhan pasien, salah satunya obat-obatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri di Apotek Afina (AF) dan Apotek Farmarin (FARM). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan membandingkan kelompok pasien geriatri di Apotek AF dengan kelompok pasien geriatri di Apotek FARM. Pasien di Apotek AF akan diberi konseling oleh Apoteker, sedangkan di Apotek FARM diberikan informasi obat. Data yang diperoleh meliputi data demografi responden, riwayat penyakit, obat yang digunakan, kepatuhan penggunan obat, dan kesembuhan pasien yang dianalisis secara deskriptif untuk memperoleh gambaran pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri di Apotek AF dan FARM. Analisis chi square dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan konseling terhadap kesembuhan. Hasil analisis chi square antara pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan maupun kesembuhan didapatkan p<0,001 yang berarti ada perbedaan yang bermakna pada pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan ataupun kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri di kedua apotek tersebut, dimana Apotek AF memberikan konseling sedangkan Apotek FARM memberikan informasi obat. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan antara pemberian konseling (di Apotek AF) terhadap tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pada pasien geriatri yang melakukan pengobatan sendiri. Ini berarti bahwa tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien geriatri di Apotek AF lebih baik dibandingkan di Apotek FARM yang hanya diberikan informasi obat saja. Kata Kunci : swamedikasi, geriatri, apotek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 589, "width": 75, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 603, "width": 372, "height": 153, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pharmacy is one of the public health services that provide the health needs of patients such as the availability of medicines. Self-medication is one way to get drugs to patients in improving health status. The purpose of this study was to determine differences the effect of counseling and information delivery service on geriatric patients’ adherence and treatment outcime who do self medication in AF and FARM Pharmacy. This study was an experimental study comparing groups of geriatric patients in AF and FARM Pharmacies. Patients in the AF Pharmacy would be counseled by pharmacist, while in the FARM Pharmacy given drug information only. Data obtained included respondent demographic data, medical history, drug use, use patients’ adherence and cure patients treatment outcame were analyzed descriptively to obtain a profile of geriatric patients who do self-medication. Chi square analysis results between counseling on adherence and healing obtained ρ <0.001, which means there were significant differences in the provision of counseling on adherence or cure", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pada Pasien Geriatri …", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 425, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "301 Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 85, "width": 372, "height": 76, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "geriatric patients who take medication alone in the pharmacy, where the AF pharmacy given counseling while FARM pharmacy given of drug information. It can be concluded that there were differences between counseling (in AF pharmacy) on the level of compliance and healing in geriatric patients who do their own treatment, which means the level of compliance and cure geriatric patients in AF pharmacy better than in FARM pharmacy were only given of drug information.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 161, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key words :self-medication, geriatric, pharmacy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 81, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 196, "width": 198, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) swamedikasi diartikan sebagai tindakan sendiri untuk mengobati segala keluhan pada diri sendiri atau sebagai pemilihan dan penggunaan obat, termasuk pengobatan herbal dan tradisional, oleh individu untuk merawat diri sendiri dari penyakit atau gejala penyakit. Obat-obat golongan obat bebas dan obat bebas terbatas merupakan obat yang relatif aman digunakan untuk swamedikasi (Anonim, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 198, "height": 248, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi perlu dimonitoring seorang apoteker khususnya pada pasien geriatri yang dikarenakan adanya penurunan fungsi organnya dan akumulasi penyakit-penyakit degeneratif sehingga perlu informasi obat atau konseling dengan tujuan agar mendapat pelayanan langsung dan menyeluruh kepada masyarakat sehingga keahlian dan keilmuan apoteker dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal dalam rangka peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Adapun kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi pemilihan obat yang tepat sesuai kondisi pasien ( assessment ), merencanakan pelayanan ( care plan ), pencampuran obat ( dispensing ), monitoring dan evaluasi kemajuan hasil terapi ( follow-up evaluation of the patient ) (Anonim, 2004). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian informasi obat atau konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek Afina (AF) dan Apotek Farmarin (FARM).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 120, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 579, "width": 197, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tempat penelitian yang digunakan adalah Apotek Afina (AF) dan Apotek Farmarin (FARM) Kota Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 613, "width": 197, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data menggunakan sebuah angket yang berisi tentang identitas dan penggalian informasi riwayat pengobatan sendiri secara tertulis yang digunakan sebagai data primer dan dokumen-dokumen apotek seperti jumlah pasien geriatri yang berkunjung di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM sebagai data sekunder.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 692, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasien dikatakan patuh atau tidak patuh dilihat dari kesesuaian pasien dalam minum obat (aturan pakai yang diberikan) dan jumlah obat yang dikonsumsi sesuai atau tidak. Sedangkan kesembuhan pasien dapat diukur dari jawaban", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 184, "width": 197, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pasien dalam angket yang menjelaskan tentang kondisi pasien setelah minum obat apakah menjadi lebih baik atau kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 230, "width": 136, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JALANNYA PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 242, "width": 197, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasien geriatri melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dan FARM. Di Apotek AF, pasien diberikan konseling oleh Apoteker, sedangkan di Apotek FARM pemberian informasi obat dilakukan oleh Apoteker. Desain penelitian secara garis besar ditunjukkan melalui gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 309, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai pasien sesuai dengan pertanyaan- pertanyaan dalam angket untuk mengungkapkan identitas responden, riwayat pengobatan, dan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 366, "width": 197, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data diperoleh melalui survei langsung terhadap responden yang terpilih berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan. Krtieria inklusi adalah pasien geriatri yang mempunyai keluhan atau penyakit satu macam yang bersifat ringan dan tidak membutuhkan pemeriksaan dokter. Kriteria eksklusi adalah pasien geriatri yang sebelumnya sudah menggunakan jamu atau obat untuk mengatasi keluhannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 467, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang didapatkan dikoding dalam bentuk tabel di dalam microsoft excel kemudian data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 503, "width": 148, "height": 237, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geriatri melakukan swamedikasi Apotek AF Apotek FARM Diberikan konseling oleh Apoteker di Apotek AF Pemberian Informasi Obat oleh Apoteker di Apotek FARM Dibandingkan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pasien Gambar 1. Desain Penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 484, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "302", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dianalisis dengan SPSS untuk mengetahui perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 733, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di kedua apotek tersebut, dimana Apotek AF", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 93, "width": 412, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel I. Data Demografi Responden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 120, "width": 318, "height": 146, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kategori Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % N % Pendidikan SD - SMU 46 76,7 34 56,7 Diploma - Sarjana 14 23,3 26 43,3 Wiraswasta 14 23,3 11 18,3 Pekerjaan IRT 25 41,7 24 40 Pegawai Swasta 13 21,7 2 3,3 Pensiunan 8 13,3 23 38,4 Penghasilan ≤ Rp.800.000,00 21 35 5 8,3 ≥ Rp.800.000,00 39 65 35 58,4 Tidak tentu 0 0 20 33,3 Usia 60 – 65 tahun 41 68,3 31 31,7 66 – 70 tahun 17 28,4 25 41,7 ≥71 tahun 2 3,3 4 6,6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 275, "width": 409, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel II. Jarak Rumah Responden ke Sarana Pelayanan Kesehatan dari Respomden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 303, "width": 288, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kategori Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % N % Rumah – Apotek <500 m 3 5 17 28,3 500 - 1000 m 55 91,7 8 13,3 >1000 m 2 3,3 35 58,4 Rumah – RS <500 m 0 0 0 0 500 - 1000 m 54 90 12 20 >1000 m 6 10 48 48 Rumah – Puskes. <500 m 0 0 0 0 500 - 1000 m 59 98,3 33 55 >1000 m 1 1,7 27 45", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 429, "width": 415, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel III. Riwayat Pengobatan Sendiri Responden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 457, "width": 372, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n % Apakah saudara sering lakukan pengobatan sendiri dalam 3 bulan terakhir? Ya 60 100 59 98,3 Tidak 0 0 1 1,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 112, "top": 572, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika Ya, apa alasannya?", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 516, "width": 372, "height": 203, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cepat sembuh 60 100 8 12,7 Biaya dokter lebih mahal 0 0 5 7,9 Apotek sudah menjadi langganan 0 0 8 12,7 Cepat ganti obat 0 0 1 1,6 Obat lebih murah di Apotek 0 0 12 19,0 Jauh dari dokter 0 0 2 3,2 Tidak ada waktu periksa ke dokter 0 0 13 20,6 Supaya cepat dapat obat 0 0 9 14,3 Dekat dengan tempat kerja 0 0 2 3,2 Tidak ada yang mengantar ke dokter 0 0 1 1,6 Karena penyakitnya ringan 0 0 2 3,2 Jika tidak, apa alasannya? takut 0 0 1 100 Berapa biaya obat rata-rata yang dikeluarkan? < Rp3.500,00 1 1,7 0 0 Rp3.500,00 - Rp8.000,00 10 16,6 1 1,7 Rp8.000,00 - Rp15.000,00 43 71,7 22 36,6 >Rp15.000,00 6 10 37 61,7 Bagaimana saudara peroleh obat saat pengobatan sendiri? Memilih sendiri 9 15 14 23,3 Dipilihkan petugas apotek 51 85 46 76,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pada Pasien Geriatri …", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "303", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 319, "top": 776, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 197, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan konseling, sedangkan Apotek FARM tidak memberikan konseling, melainkan memberikan informasi obat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis selanjutnya membahas tentang perbedaan tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan antara apotek yang memberikan konseling (Apotek AF) dengan apotek yang hanya memberikan informasi obat (Apotek FARM).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 186, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 196, "width": 198, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis data dimaksudkan untuk mendeskripsikan sejumlah variabel yang hendak diteliti yang menunjukkan hasil dari data demografi responden, riwayat penyakit, pola penggunaan obat, kepatuhan penggunaan obat, dan kesembuhan dari responden atau pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi pada bulan Mei–Juli 2014 di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM yang dipersentasekan berdasarkan jumlah keseluruhan dan persentase.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 197, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis chi square untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian informasi obat atau konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan pengaruh pemberian informasi obat terhadap kesembuhan pada pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 148, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan pemberian konseling terhadap tingkat kepatuhan dan tingkat kesembuhan pada swamedikasi pasien geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 197, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel I menyajikan data demografi responden dimana sebagian besar responden berpendidikan terakhir yaitu kategori SD–SMU dengan mayoritas pekerjaan yaitu IRT (ibu rumah tangga) serta penghasilan rata-rata ≥Rp800.000,00 untuk kedua apotek tersebut. Sedangkan usia yang paling banyak di Apotek AF yaitu dari 60-65 tahun dan di Apotek FARM yaitu dari 66-70 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 568, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kurniasih (2014)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 568, "width": 198, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam penelitiannya menyebutkan bahwa pada umumnya kualitas hidup seseorang dapat menurun dengan seiring bertambahnya usia. Dilihat dari segi pendidikan, pengetahuan merupakan hal penting karena dengan pendidikan yang tinggi maka mempunyai pengetahuan yang luas sehingga dapat mengontrol kondisinya dalam mengatasi keluhan atau rasa sakit yang mungkin dirasakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 197, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kurniasih, (2014) mengatakan bahwa berbagai jenis pekerjaan akan berpengarih pada frekuensi dan distribusi penyakit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 197, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penghasilan yang rendah akan berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan pelayanan kesehatan maupun pencegahan. Seseorang kurang memanfaatkan pelayanan kesehatan yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 197, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mungkin ada karena tidak mempunyai cukup uang untuk membeli obat atau membayar transportasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 107, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel II menyajikan jarak rumah responden dengan sarana pelayanan kesehatan. Jarak rumah dengan rumah sakit atau puskesmas membuat pasien malas untuk berobat ke sana dan memilih apotek sebagai jalan alternatifnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 164, "width": 197, "height": 157, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel III, keluhan yang dirasakan pasien dan alasan memilih swamedikasi ke sarana pelayanan kesehatan bermacam-macam. Alasan cepat sembuh merupakan alasan utama responden melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF. Sedangkan di Apotek FARM alasan terbesar adalah tidak ada waktu periksa ke dokter. Hal ini terjadi karena obatlebih cepat didapat dan mudah bahkan lebih murah daripada responden melakukan periksa dulu ke dokter. Sebagian besar responden saat swamedikasi meminta dipilihkan obatnya oleh petugas di apotek atau Apoteker dengan alasan bahwa mereka adalah ahlinya dibidang obat-obatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 321, "width": 197, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel IV memaparkan tentang jenis penyakit atau keluhan yang dirasakan pasien. Keluhan yang disampaiakan ke petugas apotek sangat bervariasi. Sehingga oba-obat yang diberikan pun juga sangat bervariasi. Mayoritas keluhan dari responden yang dirasakan sudah dalam waktu lebih atau sama dengan 3 hari. Dan obat-obat yang didapatkan ada yang mendapatkan 1 macam obat, ada juga yang mendapatkan 2 macam obat, tergantung keluhan yang dirasakan pasien. Misalnya ada pasien yang mengeluhkan radang tenggorokan. Responden tersebut diberikan 2 macam obat yaitu jenis obat tablet hisap antiseptik-antibiotik dan kortikosteroid. Jika pasien tersebut hanya mengeluhkan nyeri lutut misalnya, responden tersebut mendapatkan 1 macam obat seperti jenis obat NSAID.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 512, "width": 197, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel V menunjukkan tentang jumlah obat, aturan pakai, dan sisa obat. Mayoritas obat yang didapatkan responden sekitar 6–10 tablet/kapsul baik di Apotek AF ataupun di Apotek FARM. Aturan pakai yang dianjurkan juga bermacam-macam tergantung jenis obat yang diberikan dan tingkat keparahan dari apa yang dikeluhkan pasien. Sisa obat dari yang digunakan responden baik di Apotek FARM ataupun Apotek AF sebagian besar kurang dari 3 tablet/kapsul hal ini menandakan bahwa obat yang dikonsumsi hampir habis dan keluhan yang dirasakan berkurang. Hal ini dapat dilihat di Tabel VI tentang data kondisi pasien setelah minum obat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 670, "width": 197, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel VI tentang data kondisi pasien setelah minum obat, di Apotek AF 95% responden memilih lebih baik kondisinya setelah minum obat, sedangkan di Apotek FARM sekitar 68,3%, yang artinya tingkat kesembuhan responden di Apotek AF lebih tinggi dibandingkan di Apotek FARM. Hal ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 484, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "304", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikarenakan di Apotek AF, responden diberikan konseling saat melakukan swamedikasi, sedangkan di Apotek FARM hanya pemberian informasi obat saja. Sehingga tingkat kesembuhan responden di Apotek AF dapat lebih dipantau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 695, "width": 197, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dibandingkan di Apotek FARM. Hal ini lebih diperkuat lagi dengan hasil berapa hari setelah minum obat kondisi responden lebih baik. Di Apotek AF mayoritas responden akan merasa lebih baik setelah minum obat selama kurang dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 95, "width": 412, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel IV. Tindakan Pengobatan Sendiri Respomden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 124, "width": 340, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 148, "width": 385, "height": 323, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apa yang anda rasakan saat ini (keluhan, kondisi, riwayat penyakit)? Nyeri lutut 4 6,7 2 3,1 Nyeri Gigi 8 13,3 7 10,9 Pegal-pegal 1 1,7 11 17,2 Pilek 14 23,3 0 0 Gusi bengkak 5 8,3 1 1,6 Batuk dahak 12 20 5 7,8 Pusing 5 8,3 8 12,5 Gatal alergi 3 5 3 4,7 Demam 6 10 3 4,7 Gatal disela jari 1 1,7 0 0 Alergi 1 1,7 1 1,6 Sesak 0 0 3 4,7 Nyeri pinggang 0 0 1 1,6 Nyeri lambung 0 0 1 1,6 Jamur/panu 0 0 3 4,7 Radang tenggorokan 0 0 4 6,3 Radang 0 0 1 1,6 Susah BAB/ Konstipasi 0 0 1 1,6 Migrain/ vertigo 0 0 4 6,3 Maag 0 0 1 1,6 Sakit perut 0 0 2 3,1 Meriang 0 0 1 1,6 Batuk pilek 0 0 1 1,6 Berapa Lama Keluhan yang dirasakan? ≤ 3 hari 60 100 54 90 > 3 hari 0 0 6 10 Obat yang saudara kehendaki pilihan sendiri atau dipilihkan? Pilihan sendiri 8 13,3 18 30 Dipilihkan 52 86,7 42 70", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 475, "width": 198, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Obat yang akan digunakan? Analgetik - Antipiretik", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 97, "top": 474, "width": 385, "height": 212, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 18,3 11 15,9 NSAID 17 28,3 13 18,8 Dekongestan 14 23,3 0 0 Multivitamin 1 1,7 10 14,5 Antihistamin 5 8,3 4 5,8 Ekspektoran 12 20 5 7,2 Antiasma 0 0 3 4,3 Maag 0 0 2 2,9 Antispasmodik 0 0 2 2,9 ACEI 0 0 1 1,4 Kortikosteroid 0 0 6 8,7 Antifungi 0 0 3 4,3 Tab hisap Antiseptik- Antibiotik 0 0 4 5,8 Obat vertigo 0 0 4 5,8 Dekongestan + antitusif 0 0 1 1,4 Macam obat yang digunakan? 1 macam 60 100 50 83,3 2 macam 0 0 10 17,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pada Pasien Geriatri …", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "305", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 319, "top": 776, "width": 195, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 197, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 hari sedangkan di Apotek FARM lebih dari atau sama dengan 3 hari. Hal ini mengartikan bahwa tingkat kepatuhan pasien di Apotek AF lebih tinggi daripada di Apotek FARM karena obat yang diberikan diminum sesuai aturan sehingga tingkat kesembuhannya lebih cepat atau tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 197, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian konseling tentang obat dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien (Kurniasih, 2014). Selain itu, menurut Alfian (2014), memberikan pemberian layanan pesan singkat pengingat oleh farmasis pada pasien hipertensi dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien minum obat selain memberikan informasi obat atau konseling langsung kepada pasien. Sejalan dengan penelitian tersebut, pemberian informasi obat atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 317, "width": 197, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "konseling kepada pasien saat pengobatan, dimana adanya intervensi farmasis dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan dalam pengobatan (Morisky et.al. , 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 356, "top": 350, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Fenerty et.al. (2012)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 362, "width": 197, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "merekomendasikan penggunaan teknologi baru untuk membantu peningkatan kesehatan. Layanan pesan singkat atau telepon dapat digunakan untuk menyampaikan pesan kesehatan kepada pemilik telepon genggam sehingga dapat meningkatkan kepatuhan pasien untuk minum obat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 429, "width": 197, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF yang mendapatkan konseling memiliki tingkat kepatuhan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek FARM yang hanya diberikan informasi obat saja. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat pada Tabel VII, dimana nilai ρ <0,001 yang berarti ada pengaruh pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan kelompok pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 566, "width": 197, "height": 146, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepatuhan pasien berpengaruh terhadap keberhasilan suatu pengobatan atau kesembuhan dari pasien. Hasil terapi tidak akan dicapai secara optimal tanpa adanya kesadaran dari pasien itu sendiri, bahkan dapat menyebabkan kegagalan terapi, serta dapat menimbulkan komplikasi yang sangat merugikan dan akhirnya akan berakibat fatal (Hussar, 1995). Oleh karena itu, selain adanya konseling atau pemberian informasi obat, juga diperlukan suatu evaluasi terhadap pasien yang dapat berupa menanyakan kembali atau mengevaluasi kondisi pasien tersebut melalui telepon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 712, "width": 197, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VIII menunjukkan perbandingan tingkat kesembuhan dari pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di Apotek AF dengan di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 92, "width": 192, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel V. Data Aturan Pemakaian Obat oleh Responden Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 82, "top": 137, "width": 203, "height": 180, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n % Jumlah obat yang diberi ≤ 5 tablet/kapsul 16 26,7 9 15 6-10 tablet/kapsul 44 73,3 40 66,7 > 10 tablet/kapsul 0 0 11 18,3 Aturan pakai obat Sehari 1 x 1 tab/kap 4 6,7 11 16,4 Sehari 2 x 1 tab/kap 15 25 12 17,9 Sehari 3 x 1 tab/kap 41 68,3 37 55,2 Sehari 3-4 x 1 tab/kap 0 0 3 4,5 Sehari 3 x 2 tab/kap 0 0 1 1,5 Bila Perlu 0 0 2 3,0 Minum pertama 2, berikutnya 1 0 0 1 1,5 Sisa obat < 3 tablet/kapsul 38 63,3 53 88,3 ≥ 3 tablet/kapsul 22 36,7 7 11,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 83, "top": 336, "width": 193, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VI. Data Aturan Pemakaian Obat oleh Respomden", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 200, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swamedikasi Pasien Geriatri di Apotek AF dan Apotek FARM Kota Yogyakarta Periode Mei – Juli 2014 Pertanyaan Jawaban Apt. AF Apt. FARM n % n % Yg dirasakan setelah minum obat? Lebih baik 57 95 41 68,3 Kurang baik 3 5 19 31,7 Tidak baik 0 0 0 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 429, "width": 194, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika kurang/tidak, apa yang dirasakan saat ini? Masih pegal 1 1,7 2 3,3 Masih batuk 2 3,3 2 3,3 Masing pusing 0 0 3 5 Masih gatal 0 0 2 3,3 Masih panu 0 0 3 5 Masih nyeri 0 0 2 3,3 Masih gliyer 0 0 1 1,7 Masih melilit 0 0 1 1,7 Masih sakit 0 0 1 1,7 Masih demam 0 0 2 3,3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 519, "width": 198, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika lebih, berapa hari setelah minum obat? < 3 hari 54 90 15 25", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 81, "top": 533, "width": 202, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "≥ 3 hari 6 10 26 43,3 Jika lebih, setelah berapa jumlah yang diminum? ≤ 5 tab/kap 27 45 13 21,7 6 - 10 tab/kap 30 50 34 56,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 146, "top": 565, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ">10 tabt/kap 0 0 1 1,7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 92, "width": 187, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VII. Hasil Analisis Chi Square tentang Pengaruh Konseling terhadap Kepatuhan Patuh Tidak Patuh Chi Square (Sig.) n(%) n(%) Dengan konseling / Apt. AF 49 (81,7) 11 (18,3) 0,000 Dengan PIO / Apt. FARM 22 (36,7) 38 (63,3)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 211, "width": 181, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel VIII. Hasil Analisis Chi Square tentang Pengaruh Konseling terhadap Kesembuhan Lebih baik Kurang baik Chi Square (Sig.) n(%) n(%) Dengan Konseling / Apt. AF 57 (95) 3 (5) 0,000 Denngan PIO / Apt. FARM 41 (68,3) 19 (31,7)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 57, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Hastuti, Dyah Aryani Perwitasari, Wahyu Widyaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Majalah Farmaseutik, Vol. 11 No. 2 Tahun 2015", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 484, "top": 776, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "306", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 198, "height": 203, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apotek FARM, dimana tingkat kesembuhan di Apotek AF lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tingkat kesembuhan di Apotek FARM, dimana nilai ρ <0,001 yang berarti ada pengaruh pemberian konseling terhadap tingkat kesembuhan pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di kedua apotek tersebut. Sejalan dengan penelitian Tumiwa, dkk (2014), yang mengatakan bahwa 96% pasien geriatri yang ikut dalam penelitian patuh dan sembuh setelah mendapatkan informasi obat dan konseling saat melakukan pemeriksaan di rumah sakit dan mendapatkan obat, sedangkan 4% dari jumlah pasien yang ikut dalam penelitian tersebut tidak patuh. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa konseling dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan dan kesembuhan dari pasien yang mendapatkan terapi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 197, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini meliputi tingkat pendidikan pasien yang berbeda- beda, sifat keterbukaan dan kondisi emosional pasien yang menyebabkan jawaban yang diperoleh bervariasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 356, "width": 78, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 368, "width": 197, "height": 158, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada perbedaan pemberian konseling terhadap kepatuhan dan kesembuhan pada pasien geriatri yang melakukan swamedikasi di kedua apotek yang ditunjukkan dengan analisis chi square dengan nilai ρ <0,001. Tingkat kepatuhan dan kesembuhan di Apotek AF lebih baik karena diberikan konseling daripada di Apotek FARM yang hanya diberikan informasi obat. Adapun keterbatasan dalam penelitian ini adanya tingkat pendidikan pasien yang berbeda-beda yang dapat memberikan persepi yang berbeda. Kondisi emosional pasien saat melakukan swamedikasi serta sifat keterbukaan dari pasien yang dapat mempengaruhi dari konseling yang dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 537, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 197, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alfian, R., 2014, Layanan Pesan Singkat Pengingat untuk Meningkatkan Kepatuhan dan Menurunkan Tekanan Darah Pasien Hipertensi di RSUD Dr. H. Moch Ansari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 197, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saleh Banjarmasin, Media Farmasi , 11(2):189-196. Anonim, 2004, SK Nomor 1027/MENKES/SK/IX/2004 tentang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 169, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Petunjuk Teknis Pelaksanaan Standar Kefarmasian di Apotek.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 662, "width": 198, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anonim, 2014, Topik Sajian Utama : Menuju Swamedikasi yang Aman. Buletin InfoPOM. Vol.15 No.1:1-12. Fenerty, S.D., West, C., Davis, S.A., Kaplan, S.G., Feldman, S.R., 2012, The effect of reminder systems on patients’adherence to treatment, Patient Preference and Adherence , 6:127–135.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hussar, D.A., 1995, Patient Compliance, in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 96, "width": 169, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, Philadelphia, 1796- 1807.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 141, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurniasih, N., 2014, Pengaruh Pemberian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 152, "width": 197, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konselling dan Short Message Service (SMS) terhadap Pengetahuan, Kepatuhan, Outcame Terapi Hipertensi dan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Hemodialisis di RSUD Banjar Maret-April 2014, [ Tesis ], Program Pasca Farmasi Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta. Morisky, A.B., Ang, A., Krousel-Wood, M.A., Ward, H., 2008, Predictive Validity of A medication Adherence Measure in an Outpatient Setting, J. Health-Syst.Pharm ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 276, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10:348-54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 287, "width": 197, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tumiwa, N.N.G., Yamlean, P.V.Y., dan Citraningtyas, G., 2014, Pelayanan Informasi Obat terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pasien Geriatri di Instalasi Rawat Inap RSUP Prof. Dr. R.D. Kandou Manado, Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi , 3(3):310- 315.", "type": "Text" } ]

65cae4bb-aa2a-2ebc-11e2-42c064921005

https://journal.stieamm.ac.id/valid/article/download/102/77

[ { "left": 123, "top": 69, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENGARUH PENERAPAN STANDAR AKUNTANSI PEMERINTAHAN,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 82, "width": 288, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA, DAN KINERJA PEGAWAI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 95, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TERHADAP KUALITAS LAPORAN KEUANGAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 107, "width": 367, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Studi Pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 127, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 139, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Nur Fitriyah 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 262, "top": 151, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Endar Pituringsih 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 163, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 175, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2,3) Program Magister Akuntansi Universitas Mataram", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 212, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 408, "height": 188, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study aimed to examine the influence of the implementation of the Government Accounting Standards, human resources competencies and performance of employees on the quality of financial statements presented by the government. Population in this research is the employee at the Ministry of Religious Regional Office of West Nusa Tenggara province amount 126 people. The sampling technique in this study using purposive sampling method, which is only the employees who are responsible for financial management, of budget planning and administration and financial reporting. Data obtained by distributing questionnaires to 77 respondents who fit into the criteria of the sample. Data analysis using Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The results showed that the implementation of the Government Accounting Standards, human resources competencies and performance of employees has positive influence on the quality of financial statements. The better the implementation of SAP, the competence of its human resources and employee performance, the higher the quality of government financial reports are produced. The implications of this study explains the importance of the implementation of SAP, human resources competencies and performance of employees to improve the quality of financial statements that can be used as best as possible to making the right decision. So the conflicts that may arise in the agency theory can be minimized.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 420, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords : Quality of financial statements, Competencies, performance of employees, Government Accounting Standards.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 457, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 469, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam rangka menciptakan tata kelola yang baik (good governance), pemerintah Indonesia terus melakukan berbagai usaha untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan negara. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan transparansi dan akuntabilitas pengelolaan keuangan negara salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan pengembangan kebijakan akuntansi pemerintah berupa standar akuntansi pemerintahan (SAP) yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pedoman pokok dalam penyusunan dan penyajian laporan keuangan pemerintah baik pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah. SAP merupakan persyaratan yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 564, "width": 408, "height": 104, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tuntutan masyarakat kepada pemerintahan adalah dihasilkannya laporan keuangan yang telah memenuhi keempat karakteristik kualitas laporan keuangan yaitu: relevan, andal, dapat dibandingkan dan dapat dipahami (PP No. 71 Tahun 2010). Laporan keuangan adalah suatu alat pertanggungjawaban atas kinerja keuangan manajemen suatu pemerintahan kepada publik yang dipercayakan kepadanya (Prasetya, 2005). Informasi dalam laporan keuangan banyak dimanfaatkan oleh pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Di mana pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan tersebut menggunakan informasi yang terdapat dalam laporan keuangan untuk mengambil suatu keputusan. Keputusan yang dihasilkan diharapkan dapat membawa pemerintahan ke arah yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 671, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada Kementerian Agama khususnya di Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB), pemberian paragraf penjelas disebabkan karena terjadi ketidak singkronan antara data aset pada aplikasi Sistem Akuntansi Kuasa Pengguna Anggaran (SAKPA) dengan Sistem Akuntansi Barang Milik Negara (SIMAK-BMN). hampir seluruh satuan kerja di Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB mengalami perbedaan pencatatan aset antara SAKPA dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "192", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMAK BMN. Perbedaan pencatatan ini terutama disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman petugas SAK maupun SIMAK-BMN terkait akumulasi penyusutan aset tetap dan administrasi pencatatan persediaan yang belum tertib. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa kualitas laporan keuangan yang disajikan oleh Kanwil Kemenag Prov. NTB masih belum memadai untuk digunakan sebagai sumber pengambilan keputusan. Karena pengguna laporan akan kesulitan untuk menilai informasi mana yg benar diantara kedua laporan SAKPA dan SIMAK-BMN tersebut. Alasan inilah yang membuat penulis tertarik untuk mengungkap faktor-faktor apa yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan di Kanwil Kementerian Agama Prov. NTB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 164, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu faktor yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan Kanwil Kementerian Agama Prov. NTB adalah penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan. Penyusunan laporan keuangan diharapkan berpedoman pada standar yang telah ditentukan. Dalam hal ini yaitu Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan. Di mana berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 tahun 2010 standar akuntansi pemerintahan merupakan pedoman di dalam menyusun dan menyajikan laporan keuangan. Standar akuntansi pemerintahan adalah syarat mutlak yag harus dijadikan pedoman agar kualitas laporan keuangan di Indonesia dapat ditingkatkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terkait dengan kualitas laporan keuangan, Sumber Daya Manusia merupakan unsur yang paling penting, sebab dengan adanya sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas, maka pekerjaan yang dilakukan akan berjalan dengan baik. Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas dan profesional tentu akan berpengaruh pada peningkatan kualitas Laporan Keuangan. Oleh karena itu pengembangan sumber daya manusia sangat perlu dilakukan agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia yang nantinya akan mampu meningkatkan kinerja. Karena sumber daya manusia adalah faktor penting demi terciptanya laporan keuangan yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 330, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keberhasilan suatu entitas bukan hanya dipengaruhi oleh sumber daya manusia yang dimilikinya melainkan kinerja sumber daya manusia yang dimilikinya. Dalam hal ini kinerja pegawai memiliki peranan yang sangat penting untuk merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan mengendalikan entitas yang bersangkutan. Kinerja pegawai adalah ciri seseorang yang dapat dilihat dari keterampilan, pengetahuan, dan kemampuan yang dimilikinya dalam hal menyelesaikan tugas-tugas yang dibebankan kepadanya (Indriasari 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 402, "width": 408, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Beberapa penelitian terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah antara lain dilakukan Nugraheni dan Subaweh (2008) yang menemukan bahwa penerapan SAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Demikian juga penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Kusumah (2012), menunjukkan bahwa penerapan SAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan. Penelitian lain terkait pengaruh kompetensi sumber daya manusia dilakukan oleh Solikin dan Kustiawan (2012) yang menegaskan bahwa pemberdayaan aparatur pemerintah merupakan faktor penting dalam mewujudkan kualitas laporan keuangan. Sementara hasil yang berbeda disimpulkan dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Indriasari dan Nahartyo (2008) yang melakukan penelitian pada pemerintah kota Palembang dan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir menyatakan bahwa kapasitas sumber daya manusia tidak mempengaruhi nilai informasi pelaporan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 532, "width": 408, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang yang telah disampaikan, dapat diambil rumusan masalah yaitu “Apakah Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah, Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Kinerja Pegawai Berpengaruh Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat?”. Sehingga berdasarkan rumusan masalah tersebut, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan, sumber daya manusia, dan kinerja pegawai terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 628, "width": 326, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "II. RERANGKA KONSEPTUAL DAN PENGEMBANGAN HIPOTESIS 2.1 Rerangka Konseptual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 651, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sesuai dengan rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian, dan landasan teoritis, maka kerangka konseptual peneltian dapat digambarkan dalam kerangka konseptual berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "193", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 69, "width": 403, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah, Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Kinerja Pegawai Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 158, "width": 230, "height": 174, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H 1 H 2 H 3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 103, "top": 381, "width": 244, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan : Pengaruh secara simultan Pengaruh secara parsial 2.2 Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 418, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.1 Pengaruh Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 441, "width": 408, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nugraheni (2008) menunjukkan bahwa rendahnya peran penerapan SAP dalam peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan. Hal ini terlihat dari Laporan Keuangan sebelum penerapan SAP kurang akuntabel karena belum mampu menyediakan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan dan belum memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna akan laporan keuangan yang akuntabel. Laporan Keuangan setelah penerapan SAP telah akuntabel yaitu mampu menyediakan informasi untuk pengambilan keputusan, mampu memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna akan laporan keuangan yang akuntabel, dan telah menyajikan informasi mengenai kecukupan penerimaan periode berjalan untuk membiayai seluruh pengeluaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 548, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jika standar akuntansi pemerintahan dapat diterapkan dengan baik dan selalu dipakai acuan dalam penyusunan laporan keuangan maka pemerintah akan memiliki kualitas informasi laporan keuangan yang baik dan benar. Dengan terciptanya laporan keuangan yang baik dan benar maka akan terwujud pemerintahan yang bersih dan berwibawa. Dengan demikian, peneliti mengajukan hipotesis sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 607, "width": 432, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H1 : Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 632, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.2 Pengaruh Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan kajian teoritis dan penelitian terdahulu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi sumber daya manusia merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan terpenuhinya kualitas informasi yang disajikan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah ( agent ) sehingga dapat diandalkan dalam pengambilan keputusan oleh pihak principal. Penempatan sumber daya manusia yang sesuai akan mendukung peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan yang disusun. Maka hipotesis sementara yang dapat ditarik adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 133, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerapan Standar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 146, "width": 85, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akuntansi Pemerintahan (X 1 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 213, "width": 65, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber Daya Manusia (X 2 )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 158, "top": 218, "width": 318, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kinerja Pegawai (X 3 ) Kualitas Laporan Keuangan (Y)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 259, "top": 98, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Nugraheni (2008)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 259, "top": 111, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Juwita (2013)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 259, "top": 124, "width": 103, "height": 153, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Udiyanti (2014) 1. Nurrillah (2014) 2. Sinarwati (2014) Khairani", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 287, "top": 280, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "194", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H 2 : Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 93, "width": 303, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.3 Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai terhadap Keandalan Informasi LK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semakin tinggi pengaruh pengawasan kinerja pegawai instansi pemerintah maka akan meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan yang semakin baik pula. Apabila kinerja pegawai instansi pemerintah dapat menyajikan laporan keuangan sesuai standar pelaporan akuntansi sektor publik, lalu dibarengi dengan pengawasan terhadap kualitas penyajian laporan keuangan yang dilakukan oleh pihak eksternal dan pihak internal yang dilakukan secara indepedensi, maka akan menghasilkan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas sesuai standar akuntansi pemerintahan yang berlaku. Sehingga dari kajian teori dan hasi penelitian diatas dapat diambil hipotesis sementara yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 199, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "H 3 : Kinerja Pegawai berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 235, "width": 175, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "III. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 259, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah para pegawai pada Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tengara Barat. Pada penelitian ini populasi berjumlah 126 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive sampling, yaitu hanya pada pegawai yang bertanggungjawab dalam pengelolaan keuangan, perencanaan anggaran serta penatausahaan dan pelaporan keuangan . Data diperoleh dengan menyebarkan 77 kuesioner pada responden yang masuk ke dalam kriteria sampel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.2 Variabel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari Variabel dependen (variabel terikat) yaitu Kualitas Laporan Keuangan (Y), Variabel Independen (variabel bebas) yaitu Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (X1), Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (X2), dan Kinerja Pegawai (X3). 3.3 Analisis Data 3.3.1 Uji Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 413, "width": 409, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Validitas dilakukan untuk menguji apakah instrumen penelitian yang telah disusun benar-benar akurat. Uji validitas digunakan untuk mengukur sah atau valid tidaknya suatu kuesioner Suatu kuesioner dikatakan valid jika pertanyaan pada kuesioner mampu untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang akan diukur oleh kuesioner tersebut (Ghozali, 2013:52). Nilai validitas dapat dilihat pada kolom Correlated Item-Total Correlation . Jika angka korelasi yang diperoleh lebih besar dari pada angka kritik (r hitung > r tabel ) maka instrumen tersebut dikatakan valid (Ghozali, 2013:53). 3.3.2 Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 508, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji reliabilitas dilakukan untuk menguji konsistensi jawaban responden atas seluruh butir pertanyaan atau pernyataan yang digunakan. Konstruk atau variabel dikatakan reliabel jika memberikan nilai cronbach alpha > 0.60 (Ghozali, 2013:48). Semakin tinggi koefisien, semakin baik instrumen pengukuran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 556, "width": 110, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.3.3. Uji Asumsi Klasik 3.3.3.1 Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 580, "width": 406, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian normalitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test . Suatu data dikatakan berdistribusi secara normal apabila nilai Asymp. Sig. (2- tailed) lebih besar dari 0.05 (Ghozali, 2013:165).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 628, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.3.3.2 Uji Multikolinieritas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 639, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UUji Multikolinieritas dapat dilakukan dengan melihat VIF (Variance Inflation Factors) dan nilai tolerance. Jika VIF ≥10 dan nilai tolerance ≤ 0,10 maka terjadi gejala Multikolinieritas (Ghozali, 2013:106). 3.3.3.3 Uji Heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 687, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian ada tidaknya heteroskedastisitas dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan uji Glejser (Ghozali, 2013:143). Suatu data dikatakan terbebas dari penyimpangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 286, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "195", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "heteroskedastisitas apabila secara statistik variabel bebas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel terikat Absolut Ut (AbsUt).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 93, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.4.3 Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Analisis regresi linier berganda ( multiple regression ) . Analisis regresi linear berganda dilakukan untuk mengetahui adanya hubungan antara dependent variable dengan independent variable . Untuk mengubah data dari kualitatif menjadi kuantitatif dengan menggunakan skala likert untuk data interval dengan menggunakan skor 1 sampai 5. Adapun persamaan regresi yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 176, "width": 116, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y = α + β 1 X 1 + β 2 X 2 + β 3 X 3 Dimana :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 199, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y = Kualitas Laporan Keuangan X 1 = Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 195, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X 2 = Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia. X 3 = Kinerja Pegawai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 259, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.4.5. Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 271, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengujian hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian secara parsial (uji t) dan pengujian secara simultan (uji F),dengan tingkat signifikansi ( a ) adalah 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 307, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IV. HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 319, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1. Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1.1 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 410, "height": 152, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas masing-masing variabel ditunjukkan pada tabel 4.1 sampai dengan 4.4. Dari rekapitulasi pengujian validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen menunjukkan bahwa semua item pertanyaan kelima variabel mempunyai angka korelasi yang lebih besar daripada angka kritik (r hitung > r tabel) atau lebih besar dari 0,221 (pada df =76). Dengan demikian item pertanyaan pada kelima variabel dalam penelitian ini dinyatakan valid. Sedangkan cronbach alpha menunjukkan nilai di atas 0,60 sehingga instrumen penelitian untuk seluruh variabel penelitian dikatakan reliabel atau konsisten. 4.1.2 Pengujian Asumsi Klasik a. Uji Normalitas Data Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik non-prametrik Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) pada tabel 4.1 menunjukkan bahwa nilai Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0.978 (97,8%) atau lebih besar dari dari α (5%). Dengan demikian dapat dijustifikasi bahwa keseluruhan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berdistribusi secara normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 211, "top": 498, "width": 192, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian Normalitas Data One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 526, "width": 372, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Unstandardized Residual N 77 Normal Parameters a,b Mean .0000000 Std. Deviation .19979739 Most Extreme Differences Absolute .054 Positive .037 Negative -.054 Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z .475 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .978", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 120, "top": 645, "width": 98, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : Data Diolah, 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 676, "width": 109, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 688, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil perhitungan nilai tolerance pada Tabel 4.2 menunjukkan tidak ada variabel independen yang memiliki nilai tolerance kurang dari 0,10. Hasil perhitungan nilai Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) juga menunjukkan tidak ada satu variabel independen yang memiliki nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "196", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "VIF lebih dari 10. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada multikolonieritas antar variabel independen dalam model regresi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 93, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian Multikolonieritas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 101, "width": 369, "height": 96, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a Model Collinearity Statistics Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) X1 .622 1.606 X2 .816 1.226 X3 .691 1.448 a. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 220, "width": 117, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji Heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 231, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keseluruhan variabel bebas yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai unstandarized residual yang diabsolutkan (AbsUt), sehingga dapat dijustifikasi bahwa keseluruhan variabel yang digunakan tidak terjadi gelaja heteroskedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 267, "width": 201, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengujian Heterokedastisitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 276, "width": 382, "height": 91, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -.003 .195 -.017 .987 X1 .085 .057 .217 1.496 .139 X2 -.038 .049 -.099 -.778 .439 X3 .003 .064 .006 .041 .968 a. Dependent Variable: Abresid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 379, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1.3 Uji Hipotesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 391, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji Koefisien Determinasi (Uji Statistik R²)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 402, "width": 429, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian hipotesis diperoleh nilai R² sebesar 0,640 sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4.4 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 437, "width": 44, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 246, "top": 449, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 132, "top": 461, "width": 369, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .800 a .640 .625 .20386 a. Predictors: (Constant), X3, X2, X1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 534, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber: Data Diolah, 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 569, "width": 429, "height": 69, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian koefisien determinasi yang telah dilakukan diperoleh nilai R- square sebesar 0,640, nilai yang diperoleh memperlihatkan bahwa Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (X1), Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (X2), dan Kinerja Pegawai (X3) memiliki variasi kontribusi dalam menjelaskan Kualitas Laporan Keuangan (Y) adalah sebesar 64,0% sedangkan sisanya 36,0% lagi dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak digunakan didalam model penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 641, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Signifikan Parameter Simultan (Uji Statistik F)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 652, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari uji ANOVA atau F test sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4.5 didapat nilai F hitung sebesar 43,197 dengan probabilitas 0,000. Karena nilai F sebesar 43,197 lebih besar daripada 4, dan probabilitas jauh lebih kecil dari 0,05 maka H0 ditolak atau dengan kata lain model regresi dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi kualitas laporan keuangan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa variabel Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah (X1), Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia (X2), dan Kinerja Pegawai (X3) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "197", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kualitas laporan keuangan Kanwil Kementerian Agama Prov. NTB. Hasil analisis selengkapnya dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.5 berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 93, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 105, "width": 358, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Uji F ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 5.386 3 1.795 43.197 .000 b Residual 3.034 73 .042 Total 8.420 76", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 168, "width": 147, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y b. Predictors: (Constant), X3, X2, X1 Sumber : Data Diolah, 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 210, "width": 244, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Uji Signifikan Parameter Individual (Uji Statistik t)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 137, "top": 222, "width": 367, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ringkasan hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.6. sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 235, "width": 165, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.6. Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 244, "width": 369, "height": 88, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta 1 (Constant) -.263 .323 -.815 .418 Penerapan SAP (X1) .510 .095 .479 5.382 .000 Kompetensi SDM (X2) .317 .081 .304 3.910 .000 Kinerja Pegawai (X3) .267 .107 .211 2.496 .015", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 338, "width": 86, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 353, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber: Data diolah, 2015", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 365, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4.6, variabel Penerapan SAP menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai t = 5,382 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,000. Variabel Kompetensi SDM juga menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan dengan nilai t = 3,910 dan tingkat signifikansi 0,000. Begitu juga dengan variabel Kinerja Pegawai, dengan nilai t = 2,496 dan tingkat signifikansi 0,015 menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan SAP, kompetensi SDM dan Kinerja pegawai berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 448, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian hipotesis sebagaimana ditunjukkan pada Tabel 4.10 tersebut, menghasilkan model regresi sebagai berikut : Y = -0,263 +0,510 X 1+0,317 X 2 +0,267X3 4.2 Pembahasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 496, "width": 316, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2.1 Pengaruh Penerapan SAP terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 508, "width": 408, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian Hipotesis 1 penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintah terbukti mendukung peningkatan kualitas informasi yang disajikan dalam laporan keuangan pemerintah selaku agent. Sehingga diharapkan dapat menjadi dasar penentuan kebijakan bagi pengguna informasi (principal). Dengan pelaporan berbasis akrual, principal dapat mengidentifikasi posisi keuangan pemerintah (agent) dan perubahannya, bagaimana pemerintah mendanai kegiatannya sesuai dengan kemampuan\\ pendanaannya sehingga dapat diukur kapasitas pemerintah yang sebenarnya. Akuntansi pemerintah berbasis akrual juga memungkinkan pemerintah untuk mengidentifikasi kesempatan dalam menggunakan sumber daya masa depan dan mewujudkan pengelolaan yang baik atas sumber daya tersebut (Modul PPAKP, 2014:1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 627, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan penelitian di atas, sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nugraheni dan Subaweh (2008), yang dalam penelitiannya juga menemukan terdapat pengaruh penerapan SAP di Inspektorat Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional terhadap peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan Inspektorat Jenderal Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Hal tersebut didukung penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Juwita (2013) dan Udiyanti (2014) yang menyatakan bahwa implementasi standar akuntansi pemerintahan berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "198", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 324, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2.2 Pengaruh Kompetensi SDM terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 409, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis 2 ditemukan bahwa kompetensi SDM berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah (Tabel 4.21). Hasil yang diperoleh sejalan dengan hipotesis penelitian sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan diterima. Dari model pengujian yang dihasilkan memperlihatkan bahwa semakin tinggi kompetensi SDM sebagai penyusun laporan keuangan maka kualitas laporan keuangan yang disampaikan oleh satuan kerja di lingkup Kanwil Kementerian Agama provinsi NTB semakin tinggi. Penyebabnya adalah dengan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh seorang penyusun laporan keuangan diharapkan dapat mengambil keputusan yang cepat, lugas dan tepat. Selain itu kompetensi yang dimiliki juga memperlihatkan kesanggupan seorang pegawai dalam menyusun laporan keuangan di SKPP tempat pegawai tersebut bekerja dengan permasalahan serta tantangannya. Perubahan basis akuntansi dari basis kas menuju basis akrual membutuhkan orang-orang yang paham mengenai akuntansi akrual sehingga dapat memaksimalkan kualitas laporan keuangan yang dapat disajikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 223, "width": 408, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Nurillah (2014), yang menemukan bukti empiris bahwa hasil pengujian hipotesis kompetensi SDM, mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah daerah. Sama halnya dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Sinarwati (2014) menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi sumber daya manusia memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan daerah. Hal ini dikarenakan dengan adanya kompetensi sumber daya manusia maka peranan dalam merencanakan, melaksanakan, dan mengendalikan organisasi akan berjalan dengan baik. Tugas yang dibebankan kepada sumber daya tersebut dalat dilaksanakan dan diselesaikan secara profesional, efektif dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 317, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2.3 Pengaruh Kinerja Pegawai terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 408, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis 3 ditemukan bahwa Kinerja Pegawai berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah. Hasil yang diperoleh sejalan dengan hipotesis penelitian sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan diterima. Dari model pengujian yang dihasilkan memperlihatkan bahwa semakin baik kinerja yang ditunjukkan pegawai sebagai penyusun laporan keuangan maka kualitas laporan keuangan yang disampaikan oleh satuan kerja di lingkup Kanwil Kementerian Agama provinsi NTB semakin baik. Hasil pemeriksaan BPK RI terkait opini Laporan Kementerian Agama yang meskipun memperoleh opini WTP namun masih dengan paragraf penjelas menunjukkan bahwa meskipun kinerja pegawai khususnya di lingkup Kanwil Kementeran Agama provinsi NTB cukup baik, namun perlu ditingkatkan sehingga dapat mendukung peningkatan kualitas laporan keuangan. Temuan ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian Khairani (2014), yang menemukan bukti empiris bahwa hasil pengujian hipotesis secara simultan kinerja pegawai berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 497, "width": 245, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "V. SIMPULAN, IMPLIKASI DAN KETERBATASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 509, "width": 63, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.1. Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 520, "width": 408, "height": 81, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan hasil penelitian, beberapa simpulan yang dapat diambil adalah: Penelitian ini berhasil menemukan bukti adanya pengaruh positif variabel variabel Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan, Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia, dan Kinerja Pegawai terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan. Artinya, dengan adanya peningkatan penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintahan oleh pengelola keuangan, Kompetensi SDM dan peningkatan Kinerja pegawai akan meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan satker di wilayah Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 604, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.2. Implikasi Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 615, "width": 408, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Temuan dari penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa penerapan standar akuntansi pemerintah, kompetensi sumber daya manusia dan kinerja pegawai yang dilakukan oleh para pengelola keuangan memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kualitas informasi yang disajikan dalam Laporan Keuangan tingkat satker di Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB. Secara teori, temuan penelitian ini dapat menjelaskan pentingnya kualitas laporan keuangan yang berimplikasi pada meningkatkan akuntabilitas keuangan pemerintah. Sehingga data yang disajikan dapat dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin untuk pengambilan keputusan yang tepat. Sehingga konflik yang mungkin timbul dalam teori keagenan dapat diminimalisir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Secara praktis hasil temuan ini dapat digunakan pemerintah khususnya pemerintah pusat di lingkup Kementerian Agama untuk evaluasi kedepan terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang harus diperhatikan untuk meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan pemerintah. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan bagi para penata laporan keuangan untuk dapat meningkatkan kompetensi diri sehingga dapat menyajikan laporan keuangan yang berkualitas dan akuntabel guna memperoleh opini Wajar Tanpa Pengecualian (WTP).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 140, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Demikian pula secara kebijakan, hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat berguna sebagai sumbangan pemikiran tentang hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan guna meningkatkan kualitas laporan keuangan sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengambilan keputusan maupun kebijakan yang lebih baik. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan acuan untuk lebih meningkatkan kompetensi SDM yang ada, menerapkan basis akrual berdasarkan PP no.71 Tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintah di dalam proses penyusunan laporan keuangan pemerintah pusat, serta meningkatkan kinerja para pegawai sehingga menghasilkan Laporan keuangan yang berkualitas dan akuntabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 235, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.3. Keterbatasan dan Saran Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan yang dapat diperbaiki pada penelitian selanjutnya. Keterbatasan yang harus dicermati dan saran terhadap keterbatasan yang ditemui oleh peneliti dalam penelitian, antara lain adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 283, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini hanya dilakukan pada satuan kerja pemerintah pusat di wilayah Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB, sehingga generalisasi hasil temuan dan rekomendasi penelitian ini kurang dapat diberlakukan bagi daerah di luar Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 330, "width": 410, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Penelitian ini kurang mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor lainnya yang mungkin berpengaruh, misalnya faktor minat, pengendalian internal dan eksternal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 354, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Penelitian ini kurang mengeksplorasi secara lebih mendalam terkait variabel-variabel yang diteliti dimana hasil penelitian lebih didasarkan pada pilihan jawaban responden.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 378, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Sehingga saran yang dapat digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat dirumuskan dalam penelitian ini antara lain sebagai berikut :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 399, "width": 388, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan hasil penelitian dengan menambahkan obyek penelitian, seperti daerah lain di luar Kanwil Kementerian Agama Provinsi NTB.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 423, "width": 388, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Penelitian selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan variabel lainnya diluar variabel yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini, seperti minat, pengendalian internal dan eksternal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 447, "width": 388, "height": 47, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Penelitian mendatang juga diharapkan untuk dapat mengeksplor secara lebih mendalam terkait dengan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laporan keuangan dengan melakukan penelitian kualitatif sehingga dapat memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat terkait dengan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas laporan keuangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 509, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 526, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arikunto, S. 1998. Prosedur penelitian suatu pendekatan praktek, cetakan – 3, Rineka Cipta, Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 550, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aryani, A. 2008. “ Evaluasi Implementasi Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Pada Sekretariat Jendral Departemen Hukum dan HAM RI”, Tesis S2 Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 585, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Azhar. 2007. “ Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Keberhasilan Penerapan Permendagri Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 pada Pemerintah Kota Banda Aceh”, Tesis S2 Program Pasca Sarjana USU, Medan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 621, "width": 407, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Baridwan, Z., 2002. “Sistem Akuntansi”, BPFE, Yogyakarta. Bastian, I., 2007. “Sistem Akuntansi Sektor Publik”. Penerbit Salemba Empat, Jakarta. Danim, S. 2002. “Menjadi Peneliti Kualitatif”. Penerbit Pustaka Setia, Bandung. Devas, N., B. Binder, A. Booth, K. Davey, R. Kelly. 1998. Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah di Indonesia. Edisi terjemahan, UI Press, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 680, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Direktorat Jenderal Perbendaharaan: Akuntansi Berbasis Akrual, Tantangan Besar P e m e r i n t a h : http://www.perbendaharaan.go.id/new/index.php?pilih= news&aksi=lihat&id=2526", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Efferin, S., S.H. Darmadji, Y. Tan. 2004. “Metode Penelitian Untuk Akuntansi”. Bayumedia Publishing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 92, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Forum Dosen Akuntansi Sektor Publik, 2006. “Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan”. BPFE, Yogyakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 116, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fitrie, S. 2008. “ Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah Perspektif Permendagri Nomor 13 Tahun 2006 pada Pemerintah Kota Binjai”. Tesis S2 Program Pasca Sarjana USU, Medan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 140, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Halim et al. , A. 2007. “Akuntansi Keuangan Daerah Berdasarkan Permendagri 13 2006”. Akuntansi dan Pengendalian Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah. UPP STIM YKPN, Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 176, "width": 408, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jorge S.M., J.B.C. Carvalho, and M. J. Fernandes. 2007. “Governmental Accounting in Portugal:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 187, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Why Accrual Basis is a Problem?”. J.of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 19 4), 411-446 Winter. Juwita, Rukmi. 2013. Pengaruh Implementasi Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan dan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan. 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Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 71 tahun 2010 tentang Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan Berbasis Akrual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 461, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Republik Indonesia. 2003. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 485, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "__________ . 2004. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 Tahun 2004 tentang Pemeriksaan, Pengelolaan.dan Tanggungjawab Keuangan Negara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 508, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "__________ . 2005. 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Surat Edaran Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor SE.900/316/BAKD Tahun 2007 tentang “ Pedoman Sistem dan Prosedur Penatausahaan dan Akuntansi, Pelaporan, dan Pertanggungjawaban Keuangan Daerah”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 651, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tikk, J. 2010. “ Accounting Changes in The Public Sector in Estonia ”. Business: Theory and Practice, 2010, 111): 77-85.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 675, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Udiyanti, Ari. 2014. Pengaruh Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan, Sistem Pengendalian Internal, dan Kompetensi Staf Akuntansi terhadap Kualitas laporan keuangan Pemerintah Daerah ( studi kasus pada SKPD Kabupaten Buleleng). Tesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 711, "width": 359, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 17 tahun 2003 tentang Keuangan Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 41, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 41, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 191 - 201", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Standar ... (Kadek Dwiyanti Yussilasari, Nur Fitriyah, Endar Pituringsih)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 1 tahun 2004 tentang Perbendaharaan Negara. Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 33 tahun 2004 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 15 tahun 2005 tentang Pemeriksaan Pengelolaan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 116, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tanggung Jawab Keuangan Negara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 279, "top": 140, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "LAMPIRAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 163, "width": 276, "height": 18, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.1. Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Variabel Kualitas Laporan Keuangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 276, "width": 283, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.2. Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Variabel Penerapan Standar Akuntansi Pemerintahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 395, "width": 337, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.3. Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 266, "top": 407, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel Kompetensi SDM", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 134, "top": 425, "width": 333, "height": 63, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.783 Reliabel 1 X2.1 0.631 0.221 Valid 2 X2.2 0.607 0.221 Valid 3 X2.3 0.591 0.221 Valid 4 X2.4 0.659 0.221 Valid 5 X2.5 0.686 0.221 Valid 6 X2.6 0.604 0.221 Valid 7 X2.7 0.758 0.221 Valid 8 X2.8 0.528", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 256, "top": 418, "width": 221, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 129, "top": 425, "width": 15, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 418, "width": 26, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ite m", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 165, "top": 424, "width": 59, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pe rtanyaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 242, "top": 425, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r-tabe l (n=76) r- hitung", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 140, "top": 502, "width": 337, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.4. Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas Instrumen Penelitian Variabel Kinerja Pegawai", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 134, "top": 533, "width": 332, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.625 Reliabel 1 X3.1 0.511 0.221 Valid 2 X3.2 0.431 0.221 Valid 3 X3.3 0.535 0.221 Valid 4 X3.4 0.643 0.221 Valid 5 X3.5 0.457 0.221 Valid 6 X3.6 0.495 0.221 Valid 7 X3.7 0.573 0.221 Valid 8 X3.8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 526, "width": 346, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0.601 0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan No Ite m", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 165, "top": 533, "width": 173, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pe rtanyaan r-tabe l", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 300, "top": 540, "width": 33, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(n= 76)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 243, "top": 533, "width": 45, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r- hitung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 190, "width": 350, "height": 74, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.790 Reliabel 1 Y.1 0.612 0.221 Valid 2 Y.2 0.513 0.221 Valid 3 Y.3 0.465 0.221 Valid 4 Y.4 0.572 0.221 Valid 5 Y.5 0.712 0.221 Valid 6 Y.6 0.664 0.221 Valid 7 Y.7 0.578 0.221 Valid 8 Y.8 0.631 0.221 Valid 9 Y.9 0.807 0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan No Ite m Pe rtanyaan r-tabe l (n= 77) r- hitung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 137, "top": 313, "width": 333, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Alpha 0.734 Reliabel 1 X1.1 0.599 0.221 Valid 2 X1.2 0.543 0.221 Valid 3 X1.3 0.484 0.221 Valid 4 X1.4 0.660 0.221 Valid 5 X1.5 0.481 0.221 Valid 6 X1.6 0.529 0.221 Valid 7 X1.7 0.595 0.221 Valid 8 X1.8 0.584 0.221 Valid 9 X1.9 0.637", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 306, "width": 347, "height": 78, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0.221 Valid Validitas dan Re liabilitas Ke putusan N o Ite m", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 168, "top": 312, "width": 59, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pe rtanyaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 303, "top": 313, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r-tabe l (n= 77)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 246, "top": 313, "width": 45, "height": 5, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r- hitung", "type": "Table" } ]

30f29bc3-a9af-7661-53f3-ec5ffe09c5b1

https://jurnal.syntaximperatif.co.id/index.php/syntax-imperatif/article/download/250/244

[ { "left": 72, "top": 750, "width": 41, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How to Cite", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 750, "width": 330, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera/ Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari / Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 768, "width": 267, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.36418/syntax-imperatif.v4i2.250 e-ISSN 2721-2246 Published by", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 170, "top": 787, "width": 44, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rifa Institute", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 75, "width": 197, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan p–ISSN: 2721-2491 e-ISSN : 2721-2246 Vol. 4, No. 2, Mei 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 133, "width": 424, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 174, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 188, "width": 350, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Port Numbay Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia Email: [email protected] , [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 229, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Information", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 88, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Submitted: 04 Mei 2023 Accepted: 09 Mei", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 275, "width": 88, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023 Online Publish: 09 Mei 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 168, "top": 229, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 168, "top": 242, "width": 337, "height": 89, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui besarnya Rasio Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah di Kabupaten Manokwari, (2). Untuk mengetahui besarnya Rasio Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah di Kabupaten Manokwari, (3) Untuk mengetahui besarnya Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal Keuangan Daerah diKabupaten Manokwari. Rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, tahun 2018 adalah 9.86 %, tahun 2019 adalah 9.18 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 7.61 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 10.52", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 334, "width": 337, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "%, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 6.40 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 10.52 %. Rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalahmasih sangat tiggi tingkat ketergantungannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 88.80 %, tahun 2018 adalah 76.59 %, tahun 2019 adalah 86.04 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 83.57 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 84.28 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2018 sebesar 76.59 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 88.80 %. Rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 5.56 %, tahun 2018 adalah 7.56 %, tahun 2019 adalah 7.90 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 6.36 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 8.87", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 460, "width": 337, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "%, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 5.56 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 8.87 % Kata Kunci : Kemandirian Keuangan Darah, Rasio Kemandirian, Rasio Ketegantungan, Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 511, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 168, "top": 523, "width": 337, "height": 218, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The use of language in mall public spaces uses more English than Indonesian. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the magnitude of the Regional Financial Independence Ratio in Manokwari Regency, (2). To find out the magnitude of the Regional Financial Dependence Ratio in Manokwari Regency, (3) To find out the magnitude of the Regional Financial Fiscal Decentralization Ratio in Manokwari Regency. The ratio of independence of the Manokwari district over the past five years is still lacking in the level of independence, where in 2017 the level of independence was 6.40%, in 2018 was 9.86%, in 2019 was 9.18%, in 2020 was 7.61%, in 2021 was 10.52%, thus the lowest is in 2017 at 6.40%, and the highest is in 2021 at 10.52%. The dependency ratio of Manokwari district over the past five years is still very high, where in 2017 the level of independence was 88.80%, in 2018 it was 76.59%, in 2019 it was 86.04%, in 2020 it was 83.57%, in 2021 it was 84.28%, with Thus the lowest was 2018 at 76.59%, and the highest was 2017 at 88.80%. The ratio of regional independence in Manokwari district over the past five years is still lacking in the level of independence, where in 2017 the level of independence was 5.56%, in 2018 was 7.56%, in 2019 was 7.90%, in 2020 was 6.36%, in 2021 was 8.87%, thus the lowest is 2017 of 5.56%, and the highest is 2021 of 8.87 %. Keywords: Blood Financial Independence, Independence Ratio,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 168, "top": 75, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dependency Ratio and Fiscal Decentralization Ratio", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 456, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralihan pemerintahan Orde Baru menjadi pemerintahan Reformasi pada tahun 1998 telah membawa banyak perubahan dalam sistem tata negara dan berbagai kebijakan ekonomi di Indonesia. Era atau masa pemerintahan Reformasi membawa perubahan yang lebih adil dan berimbang dalam berbagai kebijakan. Salah satunya adalah perubahan paradigma melalu kebijakan otonomi daerah dan perimbangan keuangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah yang diatur dalam UU No. 22 Tahun 1999 tentang pemerintahan daerah yang direvisi menjadi UU No 32 Tahun 2004 dan juga UU No 25 Tahun 1999 tentang perimbangan keuangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah yang direvisi menjadi UU No 33 Tahun 2004. Dengan diberlakukannya undang-undang ini maka memberikan kesempatan bagi daerah untuk menggali potensi daerah sehingga dapat mewujudkan kemandirian keuangan daerah (Imawan & Wahyudin, 2014; Indonesia, 1999, 2004; Wasistiono, 2001)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ciri utama suatu daerah yang dapat melaksanakan otonomi yaitu kemampuan keuangan daerah, artinya daerah harus dapat menggali sumber keuangan yang ada di daerah, mengelola dan menggunakan keuangan sendiri untuk membiayai kegiatan pemerintah dan ketergantungan terhadap dana dari pemerintah pusat harus seminimal mungkin agar pendapatan daerah menjadi sumber keuangan (Eko, 2015; Oki et al., 2020; Said & Bakar, 2021; Sembel et al., 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 456, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Manokwari merupakan salah satu Kabupaten yang berada di Provinsi Papua Barat yang juga merupakan Ibukota Provinsi Papua Barat yang memiliki sumber daya alam yang mampu menciptakan sumber pendapatan yang luas untuk mendorong kemakmuran masyarakat di Kabupaten Manokwari. Selain itu Kabupaten Manokwari juga diberi kewenangan untuk mengatur dan mengololah sumber pendapatannya sendiri. maka diharapkan Kabupaten Manokwari mampu menggali, mengelola, dan memaksimalkan potensi sumber daya alam yang ada untuk kemajuan dan kemakmuran daerah. Data penerimaan daerah kabupaten manokawari dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 480, "width": 432, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Data PAD, Dana Transfer, Total Pendapatan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017 – 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 614, "width": 90, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Keuangan, 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 628, "width": 456, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas dapat dilihat data Penerimaan Asli Daerah (PAD), dana transfer dan total pendapatan pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017-2021. Pada tahun 2017 – 2019, dapat dilihat nilai PAD Kabupaten Manokwari terus mengalami kenaikan hingga mencapai angka Rp 108.055.000.000 pada tahun 2019. Tetapi pada tahun 2020, PAD mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp 84.061.000.000 dan naik kembali menjadi Rp 102.069.000.000. Pada penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan pelaksanaan pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari, peranan pemerintah pusat masih tinggi. Ini dapat dilihat dari tingginya dana transfer dari pemerintah pusat ke daerah dari tahun 2017 – 2021. Dana transfer tahun 2017 – 2021 terus mengalami kenaikan. Sementara pada tahun 2018 menurun menjadi Rp 1.104.033.000.000 dan tahun 2021 menurun menjadi Rp 970.025.000.000. Kenaikan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 530, "width": 422, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun PAD (Rp) Dana Transfer (Rp) Total Pendapatan (Rp) 2017 56.042.000.000 875.044.000.000 1.008.075.000.000 2018 90.086.000.000 913.003.000.000 1.191.016.000.000 2019 108.055.000.000 1.177.089.000.000 1.368.091.000.000 2020 84.061.000.000 1.104.033.000.000 1.321.040.000.000 2021 102.069.000.000 970.025.000.000 1.151.010.000.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "188", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penurunan nilai PAD dan pendapatan transfer juga berpengaruh pada total pendapatan Kabupaten Manokwari. Dimana tahun 2017 – 2019 total pendapatan terus mengalami kenaikan. Sedangkan pada tahun 2020 total pendapatan menurun menjadi Rp 1.321.040.000.000 dan pada tahun 2021 terus mengalami penurunan menjadi Rp 1.151.010.000.000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 144, "width": 456, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) merupakan tulang punggung pembiayaan daerah. Daerah yang mampu menggali PAD tentu akan mengalami perkembangan dan pembangunan daerah tersebut. Kemandirian keuangan daerah dapat terwujud dengan peningkatan pertumbuhan PAD. Semakin besar kontribusi PAD terhadap APBD maka semakin kecil pula ketergantungan daerah pada bantuan dari pemerintah pusat. Berdasarkan latar belakang yang telah penulis uraikan, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Analisis Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 251, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder merupakan data berbentuk angka-angka baik secara langsung dari hasil penelitian yang di proses menggunakan rumus matematika atau dapat juga di analisis dengan sistem statistik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah data Sekunder merupakan sumber data suatu penelitian yang di peroleh peneliti melalui media perantara (di peroleh atau dicatat oleh pihak lain). Data sekunder itu berupa bukti, catatan atau laporan historis yang telah tersusun dalam arsip atau data documenter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 373, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menjawab permasalahan, metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Rasio Kemandirian, Rasio Ketergantungan, Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal. Rumus yang digunakan untuk menghitung rasio kemandirian adalah: (Mahmudi & Sallama, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 427, "width": 299, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Rasio Kemandirian = Pendapatan Asli Dae𝑥rah (PAD)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 431, "width": 173, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Trasfer Pusat+Provinsi+Pinjaman 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 288, "top": 465, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapatan Transfer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 479, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Rasio Ketergantungan =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 479, "width": 229, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "x 100% Total Pendapatan Daerah Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 548, "width": 381, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal = x 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 562, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Total Pendapatan Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 586, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 611, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "`Analisis kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Derah Kab manokwari dalam penelitian ini adalah suatu proses penilaian mengenai tingkat kemajuan pencapaian pelaksanaan pekerjaan atau kegiatan dalam bidang keuangan. Rasio yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam menganalisis kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari yaitu rasio kemandirian daerah, rasio ketergantungan keuangan daerah dan rasio desentralisasi fiscal. Data yang digunakan dalam melakukan penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD), data dana transfer dan data total PAD Kabupaten Manokwari. Dari data tersebut nantinya dapat memberikan gambaran informasi mengenai kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari selama kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir (tahun 2017-2021). Laporan keuangan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "189", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 83, "top": 97, "width": 432, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 . Data PAD, Dana Transfer, Total Pendapatan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017 – 2021", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 454, "height": 163, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas dapat dilihat perkembangan PAD, Dana Transfer dan Total PAD kabupaten manokwari tahun 2017-2021 di mana tahun 2017 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 56.042.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 875.044.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.008.075.000.000, Tahun 2018 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 90.086.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 913.003.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.191.016.000.000, tahun 2019 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 108.055.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 1.177.089.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.368.091.000.000, tahun 2020 , penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp 84.061.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp. 1.104.033.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.321.040.000.000,tahun 2021 penerimaan PAD sebesar Rp. 102.069.000.000, penerimaan dana transfer sebesar Rp 970.025.000.000, dan total penerimaan PAD adalah sebesar Rp. 1.151.010.000.000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 407, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Kemandirian Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 433, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Kemandirian adalah untuk mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan keberhasilannya yang telah dicapai dari satu periode secara mandirii tanpa tergantung dari pemerintah pusat Semakin besar rasio Kemandirian daerah maka kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah kabupaten manokwari dinyatakan baik. Rasio Kemandirian Keuangan dapat diukur dengan data PAD dan Penerimaan dana tarnsfer sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 147, "width": 475, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun PAD (Rp) % Dana Transfer (Rp) % Total PAD (Rp) % 2017 56.042.000.000 - 875.044.000.000 - 1.008.075.000.000 - 2018 90.086.000.000 90.85 913.003.000.000 4.34 1.191.016.000.000 1.191.16 2019 108.055.000.000 108.05 1.177.089.000.000 28.92 1.368.091.000.000 1.368.09 2020 84.061.000.000 84.06 1.104.033.000.000 842.90 1.321.040.000.000 1.321.03 2021 102.069.000.000 102.07 970.025.000.000 121.38 1.151.010.000.000 1.151.00", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "190", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 101, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diatas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 139, "width": 422, "height": 106, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Rasio Kemandirian Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Kemampuan Kemandirian Kemandirian (%) 2017 Sangat Kurang 6.40 2018 Sangat Kurang 9.86 2019 Sangat Kurang 9.18 2020 Sangat Kurang 7.61 2021 Kurang 10.52", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 249, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, tahun 2018 mengalmi peningkatan sebesar 9.86 % , tahun 2019 adalah 9.18 %, tahun 2020 turun menjadi 7.61 %, tahun 2021 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 10.52 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 6.40 % , dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 10.52 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 215, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 367, "width": 454, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio ketergantungan keuangan darah adalah untuk mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan keberhasilannya yang telah dicapai dari satu periode ke periode berikutnya. Semakin besar rasio ketergantungan atau realisasi penerimaan pendapatan asli daerah tahun sebelumnya maka kinerja pemerintah daerah dinyatakan baik. Rasio ketergantungan dapat dihitung dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 697, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diatas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 735, "width": 268, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Rasio Ketergantungan Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "191", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 445, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahun Kemampuan Keuangan Daerah Kemandirian (%) Pola Hubungan 2017 Tinggi 88.80 Delegetif 2018 Tinggi 76.59 Delegetif 2019 Tinggi 86.04 Delegetif 2020 Tinggi 83.57 Delegetif 2021 Tinggi 84.28 Delegetif", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 159, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: data diolah, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 457, "height": 287, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat tiggi tingkat ketergantungannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 88.80 %, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif artinya campur tangan pemerintah pusat sudah tidak ada karena darah benar mampu dan mandiri dalam melaksanakan otonomi daerah atau sangat delegatif, sementara di tahun 2018 turun menjad 76.59% dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, tahun 2019 meningkat lagi menjadi 86.04%, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif artinya dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar turun pada angaka 83.57%, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, tahun 2021 naik menjadi 84.28%, dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan pola hubungannya adalah delegatif dengan sendirinya ketergantungan pemerintah kabupaten manokwari sudah cukup baik dalam mengelola keuangan daeranya sehigga semakin kecil peranan pemerintah pusat atau delegatif, dengan demikian rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari yang terendah adalah tahun 2018 sebesar 76.59%, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 88.80%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 473, "width": 140, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio desentralisasi fiskal mengukur seberapa besar kemampuan pemerintah daerah dalam mempertahankan dan meningkatkan dan mengeloa kinerja fiskal yang telah dicapai dari satu periode ke periode berikutnya. Semakin besar rasio desentralisasi fiskal atau realisasi penerimaan fiskal daerah tahun sebelumnya maka kinerja pemerintah daerah dinyatakan baik. pertumbuhan dapat dihitung dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 568, "width": 119, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendapatan Asli Daerah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 582, "width": 306, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio Ketergantungan =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 582, "width": 379, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "x 100% Total Pendapatan Daerah 56.042 .000.000 Tahun 2017 = x 100% 1.008.075.000.000 = 5.56 % 90.086.000.000 Tahun 2018 = x 100% 1.192.016.000.000 = 7.56 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "192", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 103, "width": 379, "height": 190, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "108.055.000.000 Tahun 2019 = x 100% 1.368.091.000.000 = 7.90 % 84.061.000.000 Tahun 2020 = x 100% 1.008.075.000.000 = 6.36 % 102.069.000.000 Tahun 2021 = x 100% 1.151.010.000.000 = 8.87 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 296, "width": 453, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diatas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 429, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5 . Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Kemampuan Kinerja Keuangan Kemandirian (%) 2017 Sangat Kurang 5.56 2018 Sangat Kurang 7.56 2019 Sangat Kurang 7.90 2020 Sangat Kurang 6.36 2021 Sangat Kurang 8.87", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 444, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: data diolah,2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 454, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio desentralisasi fiskal kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 5.56 %, tahun 2018 naik menjadi 7.56 %, tahun 2019 naik juga sebesar 7.90 %, tahun 2020 turun menjadi 6.36 %, tahun 2021 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 8.87 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 5.56 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 8.87 %. Dan selama lima tahun terakhir rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari besifat sangat kurang dalam mengelola desentralisasi fiskal daerahnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 568, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis hasil penelitian ini kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Derah Kabupaten manokwari dalam mengelola keuangan. Rasio yang digunakan oleh penulis dalam menganalisis kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari. Dari hasil penelitian ini te nantinya dapat memberikan gambaran informasi mengenai kinerja keuangan Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten manokwari selama kurun waktu 5 tahun terakhir (tahun 2017-2021). Laporan keuangan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) pada Badan Pengelola Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 675, "width": 446, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6 Analisis Rasio Keuangan Pemerintah Kabupaten Manokwari Tahun Anggaran 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 684, "width": 490, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 2021 Tahun Rasio Kemandirian Daerah (%) Kemampuan Kemandirian Rasio Ketergantungan Keuangan Daerah (%) Kemampuan Keuangan Daerah Rasio Desentralisasi Fiskal (%) Kemampuan Kinerja Keuangan Daerah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "193", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 214, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Data diolah, ,2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 242, "width": 454, "height": 287, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 88.80 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 5.56 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2018 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 9.86 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 76.59 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 7.56 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2019 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 9.18 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 86.04 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 7.90 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2020 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 7.61 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 83.57 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 6.36 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang, untuk tahun 2021 tingkat rasio kemandiriannya adalah 10.52 %, dengan kemampuan kemandirian masih sangt kurang, dan untuk rasio ketergantungannnya sebesar 84.28 %, dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat tinggi, dan untuk rasio desentralisasi fiskal sebesar 8.87 % dengan kemampuan keuangan daerah masih sangat kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 556, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 581, "width": 455, "height": 177, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 6.40 %, tahun 2018 adalah 9.86 %, tahun 2019 adalah 9.18 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 7.61 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 10.52 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 6.40 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 10.52 %. Rasio ketergantungan kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalahmasih sangat tiggi tingkat ketergantungannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 88.80 %, tahun 2018 adalah 76.59 %, tahun 2019 adalah 86.04 %, tahun 2020 adalah sebesar 83.57 %, tahun 2021 adalah sebesar 84.28 %, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2018 sebesar 76.59 %, dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 88.80 %. Rasio desentralisasi fiskal kabupaten manokwari selama lima tahun terakhir adalah masih sangat kurang tingkat kemandiriannya, dimana tahun 2017 tingkat kemandiriannya adalah 5.56 %,tahun 2018 naik menjadi 7.56 % , tahun 2019 naik juga sebesar 7.90 %, tahun 2020 turun menjadi 6.36 %,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 75, "width": 478, "height": 136, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2017 6.40 Sangat Kurang 88.80 Tinggi 5.56 Sangat Kurang 2018 9.86 Sangat Kurang 76.59 Tinggi 7.56 Sangat Kurang 2019 9.18 Sangat Kurang 86.04 Tinggi 7.90 Sangat Kurang 2020 7.61 Sangat Kurang 83.57 Tinggi 6.36 Sangat Kurang 2021 10.52 Kurang 84.28 Tinggi 8.87 Sangat Kurang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Peranan Tingkat Kemandirian Keuangan Daerah Kabupaten Manokwari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 784, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol 4 No 2 (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 504, "top": 784, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "194", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 458, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahun 2021 mengalami kenaikan sebesar 8.87%, dengan demikian yang terendah adalah tahun 2017 sebesar 5.56% , dan yang tertinggi adalah tahun 2021 sebesar 8.87 %. Dan selama lima tahun terakhir rasio kemandirian daerah kabupaten manokwari besifat sangat kurang dalam mengelola desentralisasi fiskal daerahnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 175, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 771, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "195", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 376, "top": 771, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JSIM: Vol. 4, No. 2, (2023)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 244, "top": 73, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIBLIOGRAFI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eko, S. (2015). Regulasi Baru, Desa Baru: Ide, Misi, dan Semangat UU Desa. Jakarta: Kementerian Desa, Pembangunan Daerah Tertinggal, Dan Transmigrasi .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 127, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Imawan, R., & Wahyudin, A. (2014). Analisis kemandirian keuangan daerah Provinsi Jawa Tengah tahun anggaran 2010-2012. Accounting Analysis Journal , 3 (2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 154, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia, R. (1999). UU No. 25 Tahun 1999 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan Antara Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah . Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 182, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia, R. (2004). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2004 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Jakarta (ID): RI . Keuangan, D. J. P. (2022). 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Alqaprint Jatinangor.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 251, "top": 403, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright holder:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 194, "top": 417, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ayub Tanudy, Jemy Ricardo Parera (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 444, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "First publication right:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 155, "top": 458, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Syntax Imperatif: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Pendidikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 486, "width": 365, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This article is licensed under: Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)", "type": "Text" } ]

f84f8cad-6339-89ec-23c9-c5e73ef61760

https://journal.unespadang.ac.id/JIEE/article/download/213/190

[ { "left": 145, "top": 51, "width": 112, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "VOL. 04 , NO. 01, 2024 (01-15)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 49, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EISSN: 2777-0184", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 62, "width": 53, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 82, "width": 227, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 392, "top": 62, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PISSN: 2797-2259", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 771, "width": 103, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected]", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 52, "top": 783, "width": 235, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "©2024. Tengku Rika Valentina. Published by Jurnal JIEE", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 141, "width": 500, "height": 65, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process of Changing Bureaucratic Positions After the Vacancy of the Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency in 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 228, "width": 302, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yulvia Alika 1 , Tengku Rika Valentina 2* , Doni Hendrik 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 243, "width": 371, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1, 2, 3 Department of Political Science, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia * Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 277, "width": 233, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 293, "width": 55, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 218, "top": 305, "width": 314, "height": 310, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bureaucratic politicization refers to introducing bureaucratic reform in the management of regional government. The regional head and deputy regional head posts are political roles that oversee administrative positions within a region, so political influence is inherently intertwined with the bureaucracy. Dharmasraya Regency exhibits signs of bureaucratic politics, as seen by a vacancy in the position of deputy regent. This vacancy has resulted in numerous examples of non-job ASN inside the government of Dharmasraya Regency. This thesis seeks to analyze the political dynamics involved in the transition of bureaucratic positions in Dharmasraya Regency, particularly after the vacancy of the deputy regent position. This study employs a qualitative research methodology utilizing a case study approach. This thesis uses the theory of bureaucratic politicization pioneered by Barbara Geddes. The findings of this study suggest that there are indicators of the techniques employed by the regent in his role as PPK to determine bureaucratic positions. The regent also has a vested interest in the bureaucracy, as he desires a loyal and efficient bureaucratic system to ensure continued control until the end of his term. The regent's politicization of the bureaucracy is seen in the ambiguous enforcement of heavy sanctions against ASN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 305, "width": 102, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 20 April 2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 317, "width": 131, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received in revised form 27 May 2024 Accepted 29 May 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 626, "width": 33, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 638, "width": 131, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Politicization, Bureaucratic, Changing Bureaucratic", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 662, "width": 45, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Positions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 701, "width": 105, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 716, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The intricate political dynamics in Indonesia are intricately intertwined with its historical setting. Bureaucratic political", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 716, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "interactions are not spontaneous but somewhat influenced by preceding historical events (McDonnell, 2017; Yang,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 2", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021). Studying bureaucratic politics in Indonesia can provide insights into the bureaucratic phenomena, particularly the ongoing issue of bureaucratic politicization in the country.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 148, "width": 234, "height": 400, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Avoiding the contrast between politics and bureaucracy in Indonesia appears challenging. Politicians not only participate in policy-making but also influence within the bureaucratic workplace (Blom ‐ Hansen et al., 2021). Avoiding meddling between politics and bureaucracy, particularly in the context of regional head elections (Pilkada), is an unattainable objective. Politics not only engages in the realm of social contracts but also competes in the realm of bureaucracy (Pramono & Mulia, 2023). This engagement is evident from the initial stages of establishing the organizational structure and bureaucratic institutions, exerting influence on goals, formulating strategies and programs, and making decisions on budget proposals. In addition, political intervention is also present in the recruitment and job placement procedures within government bureaucratic systems (Gans-Morse et al., 2018). Furthermore, allocating jobs following general elections at the national and local levels appears to be an ingrained tradition inherent to every political procedure.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 549, "width": 234, "height": 236, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regarding governing, the regional head and deputy regional head are considered essential and interdependent (Kwamie et al., 2015). They serve as public officials responsible for managing the regional government and holding regional leadership positions. The political role of the Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head entails holding a bureaucratic position within a region (Rochlitz et al., 2015). This situation poses a dilemma for the bureaucracy, as they are expected to maintain professionalism while the bureaucratic development officials heavily influence their career progression in the region. The Regional Head and Deputy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 206, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regional Head hold significant control over bureaucratic politicization due to their authoritative powers. Bureaucracy is compelled to submit to the Regional Head unless they are willing to face potential career obstacles (Turner et al., 2022). This jurisdiction encompasses various responsibilities, including determining officials at different levels, the authority of Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads to issue decrees for appointing government officials, and the authority to issue decrees for promotions within the bureaucracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 234, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The transfers of bureaucratic officials and promotions following the inauguration of a Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head are now primarily determined by proximity to the authorities rather than competence or capacity (Sahur et al., 2023). This phenomenon, known as the patron-client relationship pattern in political culture, has become more dominant. The contact between the two parties is characterized by reciprocity, which involves the exchange of resources owned by each party. This is solely attributable to the political motivations of the rulers. The election of regional heads and deputy regional heads supported by the bureaucracy would inevitably result in the regional heads and deputy regional heads engaging in political patronage of the relevant bureaucrats to secure or enhance their positions within the bureaucracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 594, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The transfer of the Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head in this post may lead to discrepancies in appointing positions within the bureaucracy. The Regional Head and Deputy Regional Head have modified the composition of roles in the bureaucracy. The appointment of individuals by Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads to government institutions undoubtedly creates favorable conditions for the advancement of bureaucratic politicians (Suryaningsih et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The regional head elections (Pilkada) in 2020 will take place concurrently in 270 regions in Indonesia, comprising nine gubernatorial elections at the provincial level, 224 district elections for regents, and 37 mayoral elections in cities. West Sumatra Province is one of the regions where regional elections will take place in 2020. It consists of at least 13 districts/cities. The Dharmasraya Regency is among the districts scheduled to conduct regional elections in 2020. Sutan Riska, the incumbent Regent, is seeking re- election as the Regent of Dharmasraya Regency for the 2021-2024 term.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 294, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sutan Riska was partnered with Dasril Panin Dt. Labuan, also known as SR-Labuan, in the regional elections of 2020. SR-Labuan became victorious in the regional elections held in Dharmasraya Regency. According to the voting results, SR-Labuan obtained 63.62% of the votes, while its competitor candidate pair, Panji Mursyidan-Yosrisal (Panji-Yos), received 36.38% of the votes. The SR-Labuan pair was officially appointed as the Regent and Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency for the 2021-2024 term on February 26, 2021, in the West Sumatra Governor's building.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 517, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The success of the SR-Labuan duo is undoubtedly attributed to the diligent endeavors of the two candidate pairs, aided by the contributions of various parties involved, including the winning team, supportive party administrators, relatives, and all individuals engaged as political operatives, both in terms of physical and mental efforts. Individuals, as well as members of official and non-formal organizations, who have connections with the two candidates.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 695, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unfortunately, after one year of serving as the Regent and Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency, Dasril Panin Dt. Labuan, the leadership of SR-Labuan came to an end — regrettably, Dasril Panin Dt. Labuan passed away on February 13,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 325, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2021, as a result of an illness following the demise of Dasril Panin, Dt. In Labuan, the role of Deputy Regent of Dharmasraya Regency has been left unfilled since February 13, 2022. After calculating the duration of the regent and deputy regent's mandates in Dhamasraya, which began on February 26, 2021, it is determined that there are still almost 24 months remaining in the deputy regent's term, commencing from when the position became vacant. According to Article 176 of Law No. 10 of 2016, the position of deputy regional head can be filled if the remaining term of service is longer than 18 months from the vacancy. According to Article 23, Letter D of PP Number 12 of 2018, the functions and authority of the DPRD include the selection of regional heads and deputy regional leaders. This selection occurs when there is a vacancy in the office, and the remaining term of office is more than 18 months.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 398, "width": 234, "height": 384, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Constitutionally, the position of deputy regional head is not explained in detail. However, the position of a regional head is legally stated in Article 66, paragraph (1) of the Law on Regional Government Number 23 of 2014, which explains that the role and position of the deputy regional head is considered strategic with its duties and responsibilities in assisting regional heads to lead government affairs. Judging from this position, the deputy regent is equivalent to the Regent running the government, except in determining policy. In carrying out his duties, the deputy regent is responsible to the RegRegentd and is given authority and functions to assist the regeRegent'sies and functions during his term of office. The tasks that have been regulated are responsibilities that the deputy regent must carry out; if a vacancy in the position occurs, it will impact the continuity of regional government and determine future policies. The supervisory function is one of the duties of the deputy regent that needs to be", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 4", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "underlined. The impact caused by a vacancy in the office impacts not only one party due to failure to fulfill or being hampered in fulfilling the duties required of the representative but also the entire system involved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 163, "width": 234, "height": 503, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Furthermore, the regent and deputy regent have the power to appoint, transfer, and remove members of the bureaucracy. Without proper controls and monitoring, this can quickly become a tool for implementing bureaucratic politicization practices. Consequently, the vacancy in the deputy regent position in Dharmasraya Regency significantly influenced the government's performance. The authority held by the regent and deputy regent is highly influential in transferring roles within the bureaucratic environment, particularly in position changes or rotations. The political vacancy in the deputy regent's realm will undoubtedly impact the selection process for bureaucratic appointments. The ultimate authority to decide personnel transfers rests with the political office led by the regent and deputy regent. Before deciding on the transfer of civil servants, the local government must engage the Position and Rank Advisory Board (Baperjakat) to evaluate and deliberate on the civil servants who will be transferred. However, the ultimate decision still lies with the regent and deputy regent. Hence, the political roles of regent and deputy regent will significantly impact the current positions within the bureaucratic system, particularly in the event of a vacancy in either of these positions, which will intensify bureaucratic politics.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 668, "width": 234, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regarding employee transfers within Dharmasraya Regency, there is a notable occurrence of high-ranking positions being transferred to lower-ranking positions in the bureaucratic hierarchy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 728, "width": 234, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This phenomenon occurred following the vacancy in the position of deputy regent in Dharmasraya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 154, "top": 772, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regency. Demoting", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "individuals from higher to lower positions raises concerns about the criteria used to determine jobs and ranks, as well as the qualifications and skills possessed by the bureaucracy. Is the transfer of positions in Dharmasraya district, which is currently only managed by the regent without a deputy regent, based on existing procedures or influenced by political factors?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 223, "width": 234, "height": 250, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The researcher was intrigued by the initial data and sought to determine if the bureaucratic overhaul implemented by the regent of Dharmasraya Regency adhered to legal procedures or if there was evidence of a political motive behind it. The researchers are interested in examining the extent to which the deputy regent's office vacancy in Dharmasraya Regency affects the transfer of positions within the Dharmasraya Regency government. The problem statement of this research is to determine the nature of bureaucratic politicization in the reshuffling of bureaucratic positions in Dharmasraya Regency following the deputy regent's seat vacancy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 494, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 509, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the realm of bureaucratic political theory, this offers an elucidation of the function of policymakers within the realm of administration and bureaucracy (Rockman, 2020). This perspective directly challenges the notion of a separation between politics and administration that forms the basis of bureaucratic control theory. Explicitly, the text clarifies that when administration and politics are separated, it leads to a lack of knowledge about the bureaucracy's primary function in the political authority framework. The involvement of bureaucracy and bureaucrats in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 717, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "political activity necessitates the theoretical consideration of the political role of the bureaucracy. Bureaucracy plays a crucial role in a political system by facilitating government", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 102, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "administration. Bureaucracy has a vital role in upholding the political system. Terminologically, bureaucracy refers to the collective body of state officials within the realm of politics, explicitly encompassing all state officials within the executive branch.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 175, "width": 234, "height": 384, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "At the administrative level, the state relies heavily on bureaucracy to ensure its capacity to address the implications arising from differentiation processes, which are a result of modernization (Cingolani et al., 2015). The state requires the capacity of bureaucrats to develop the necessary policies for the government. The interaction between political leaders and bureaucratic officials is an enduring association; hence, issues consistently emerge. Who has power over whom, and who has control, leadership, and dominance over whom? A problem that frequently arises is the dominance of political officials' leadership over the bureaucracy. Ultimately, as scientific advancements shape and impact the bureaucratic framework, it also evolve into the political, bureaucratic paradigm, leading to the emergence of new insights (Heidelberg, 2017). Bureaucracy serves as a platform for political negotiation and conflict between different actors who have varying interests and concerns in order to achieve a balance of power and mutual benefits.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 561, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Political interests pertains to the examination of bureaucratic politics or the phenomenon of bureaucratic politicization (Rockman, 2020). This refers explicitly to individual political actors or groups, organizations, or policies that are associated with the implementation of bureaucracy in the government sector. All actions and decisions made by bureaucracies are the outcome of political negotiations (Eckhard & Ege, 2016). The first paradigm, policy, arises from political negotiations that give rise to various types of compromise, coalition, competition, and anarchy among individuals involved in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "addressing a policy matter (Belmonte & Cerny, 2021). Meanwhile, in the second model, bureaucracy functions as an organization where players in prominent positions within the bureaucracy engage in competitive interactions. An example pertains to the agenda for posting positions or structural position placement, which frequently serves as a platform for political authorities to engage in competitive behavior in order to advance specific objectives.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 249, "width": 234, "height": 251, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "When discussing interests, several notions arise that explore the interests of individuals involved in power dynamics and political competition inside the bureaucracy. Geddes (2023), an expert in political science, argues that bureaucracy is inevitable and that political actors are interested in government bureaucratic issues. Geddes (2023) identifies a minimum of four factors that motivate politicians to exploit bureaucracy. One of the reasons is that bureaucracy provides specific advantages to its constituents. When political officials are thriving in a political competition, the bureaucracy is often utilized to distribute benefits to their supporters.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 502, "width": 234, "height": 206, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Additionally, the bureaucracy serves as a means for politicians to gain patronage and profits by supporting the interests of influential politicians (Jiang, 2018). Furthermore, politicians in power use the bureaucracy to fulfill their own needs by strategically placing individuals from opposing parties or external public organizations in critical positions within the bureaucratic system. Lastly, the bureaucracy is employed as a tool for actors to enact policies that favor interest groups, providing advantages in both the immediate and distant future.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 710, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In continuation of his previous argument, Geddes asserts that the four reasons above serve as the primary motivations for politicians in positions of power to employ bureaucracy in order to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 6", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 295, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "achieve three key objectives, namely: 1) Sustaining their authority (ongoing existence). By actively engaging with and leveraging the benefits of the bureaucracy, political leaders can ensure their profitability and at least secure their position until the conclusion of their tenure. 2) Establishing a devoted political apparatus (establishment of a devoted political apparatus). Political authorities, in their role as policymakers, can considerably benefit from effectively utilizing human resources inside the bureaucratic sphere to achieve policy programs that serve political goals. 3) Assessing the efficacy of government. The objective is to use and leverage it for the purpose of acquiring support, both from constituents and political adversaries, in the upcoming election.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 371, "width": 234, "height": 414, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Considering Geddes (2023) complete explanation, researching the politicization of bureaucracy in government would greatly benefit from his insights. The emergence of bureaucratic problems, particularly in the post-reform regional government of Indonesia, poses a significant challenge for researchers and scientists in the fields of administration and politics. The concepts and ideas put forth by previous experts who studied the politicization of bureaucracy can serve as valuable references to address the current issues. Geddes (2023) ideas remain pertinent when applied to the problems that arise in Dharmasraya Regency. The objective of bureaucratic reform in Indonesia is to cultivate professionalism in response to the decline in bureaucratic performance caused by excessive political control. The proposed solution is to establish an efficient and transparent bureaucratic recruitment system that adheres to professional standards and maintains a high level of integrity. The effectiveness of this reform plan was ultimately demonstrated by the enactment of legislation that governs the processes for", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "recruiting bureaucrats, specifically legislation no. 5 of 2014 regarding the State Civil Apparatus. In Indonesia, there is a clear intention to establish a merit-based system for appointing bureaucratic career professionals to appropriate positions while granting the ability to regional leaders who hold political positions. The execution of bureaucratic recruitment within the government realm gives rise to chances for intervention and interests with political overtones.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 252, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers in this study have chosen to adopt Geddes' concept to examine the phenomena of bureaucratic politicization that arises during the implementation of position transfers in Dharmasraya Regency, based on existing theories and ideas. Geddes (2023) opinions are relevant to the research phenomena raised by the researcher. In this context, the researcher discusses the authority of Regional Heads and Deputy Regional Heads in the process of changing bureaucratic positions within the government bureaucracy. This aligns with Geddes (2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 460, "width": 234, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "conception, which emphasizes the interests of political officials in structuring governmental bureaucratic systems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 538, "width": 134, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 553, "width": 234, "height": 236, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Every research endeavor is undeniably driven by the goal of advancing or uncovering knowledge. In addition, research endeavors to discover and formulate techniques that can be employed to resolve a problem. Subsequently, research-related approaches were introduced. An approach similar to the qualitative approach is a methodology that offers instruments for comprehending the profound meaning associated with intricate events and their processes in the realm of social existence (Creswell, 2014). Researchers play a crucial role in explaining the politicization of bureaucracy in the job transfer procedure inside the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 355, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dharmasraya Regency government. The obtained data comprises descriptive information in the form of written or spoken words provided by individuals who served as informants during the investigation. In addition, in relation to this study, researchers employed qualitative methodologies utilizing a case study framework. Case studies are a method used in qualitative research to investigate scientific phenomena. In this approach, the researcher aims to elucidate the phenomena that constitute the study problem, specifically pertaining to the outcomes of the auction for posts within the Dharmasraya Regency government. The focus is on the empty position of Deputy Regent. A research case study seeks to investigate interconnected research inquiries and challenges that cannot be disentangled, encompassing both the phenomenon under investigation and the surrounding context in which the phenomenon takes place.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 428, "width": 234, "height": 339, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "An instrumental case study was implemented in this investigation. They are utilizing a case as a tool to illustrate an issue. One type of case in qualitative research is instrumental case studies (Sugiyono, 2016). Researchers must identify the most suitable case type before commencing their research. The case may be a single case or collective, centered on a single case or an issue, or occurring in multiple locations or within specific locations. Instrumental case studies emphasize individual cases that are intended to be described in detail in order to form a construct or enhance a theory. Job transfers are a prevalent occurrence in government circles today; however, the vacancy in the Deputy Regent position in Dharmasraya Regency has raised intriguing issues regarding job transfers. Consequently, researchers are interested in investigating the phenomenon of job transfers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 173, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 90, "width": 234, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This investigation into the implementation of changes in bureaucratic positions in", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 318, "top": 119, "width": 234, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dharmasraya Regency undoubtedly commences with the issues that present themselves. Subsequently, the researcher endeavors to establish a connection between these issues and the current laws and regulations and subsequently investigates the phenomenon of bureaucratic politicization in the context of studying bureaucratic politics. In practice, bureaucracy and politics are inextricably linked despite their significant distinctions, as previously stated.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 298, "width": 234, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Consequently, numerous variables impact political", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 318, "top": 313, "width": 234, "height": 369, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dynamics throughout a government. The researcher initially addressed the factors that resulted in the deputy regent's position becoming vacant in Dharmasraya Regency when discussing the process of altering bureaucratic positions. The vacancy in the deputy regent position was caused by the demise of Dasril Painan, who served as the deputy regent of Dharmasraya Regency, as the researcher elucidated in the problem statement dated February 13, 2022. The researcher inquired of the regent as to why the deputy regent position had not been filled, as it had been vacant for over a year. In addition to representing the regional head in the event that he is unable to fulfill his responsibilities and functions, the deputy regional head is responsible for assisting the regional head in the administration of the government, particularly in the areas of supervision and population control, as well as helping the regional head in the completion of the regional head's work — a highly expansive region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 684, "width": 234, "height": 102, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The job of deputy regional head is one level down to the position of regional head. Hence, this role holds significant importance and serves as a crucial asset within the framework of regional governance. The deputy regional head has a prominent position as the second", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 35, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 8", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 384, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "highest-ranking official within the regional leadership structure. The position of deputy regent in Dharmasraya Regency remains vacant due to the lack of agreement within the SR-Labuan party regarding the nomination of two candidates for the position. According to Article 176 of Law Number 10 of 2016 on the Election of Regional Heads, the process for filling the position of deputy regent is determined by a specific method. The DPRD conducts elections to fill the empty deputy regional head position based on proposals from political parties or coalitions of supporting political parties. Subsequently, the political party or coalition of supporting parties presents two nominees for the position of deputy regional head to the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) through the current regional head, who will be elected during the DPRD plenary session. Currently, the deputy regent position in Dharmasraya Regency remains unfilled. As a result, the regent is solely responsible for governing the territory without any oversight from a deputy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 460, "width": 234, "height": 325, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The regional government entities have not demonstrated comprehensive knowledge in handling the vacancy for the position of Regent of Dharmasraya Regency. Considering that the process of filling the vacancy requires a coalition of political parties, it is essential to note that each party has distinct objectives. Consequently, there is disagreement among the parties when it comes to making judgments on selecting a new deputy regent candidate. In addition to that, it is essential to realize that the Regent's remaining term of office is limited to a few months, indicating that it will conclude soon. This is undoubtedly a factor to be taken into account when formulating the policies that need to be implemented by different stakeholders. The Regent faces a challenging assignment as he must continue leading the region without a deputy regent, a position that remains", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 503, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "unfilled until today. The regional government must maintain its proper functioning in order to fulfill the vision and objective set by the regional head. A regional leader cannot do his obligations single-handedly, given the multitude of tasks that need to be fulfilled. The Dharmasraya Regency government is now functioning effectively, even in the absence of a deputy regent. Undoubtedly, the regent faces a formidable struggle in fulfilling all of his responsibilities and obligations as the regional leader. When a regent fulfills his responsibilities and acts as a regional leader, he likely requires assistance and support from numerous entities, including those within the government institution itself. The unfilled deputy position may potentially create issues within the regional government, given its direct subordination to the role of the Regent. Although a regional secretary currently assists the Regent in performing his duties, it is essential to note that the regional secretary also has distinct primary responsibilities. According to West Sumatra Governor Regulation Number 69 of 2018, the primary duties and functions of the regional secretariat of West Sumatra Province are described. The regional secretary is responsible for formulating, determining, leading, coordinating, and controlling the implementation of the main tasks of the regional secretariat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 579, "width": 234, "height": 206, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Given the primary responsibilities of the regional secretary, it is undeniably a formidable task for them to support the Regent's duties. It would be optimal to have a deputy regent available to assist the Regent. Nevertheless, due to the vacant position, the regional secretary is fulfilling the responsibilities of the deputy regent. In addition to the researcher's explanation of the issue surrounding the unfilled position of deputy regent in Dharmasraya Regency, researchers must focus on observing the bureaucratic transition process within the government of Dharmasraya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers claim that following the vacancy of the deputy regent position, there was evidence that the Regent, acting as PPK, completed steps to Regentment non-employment for many ASNs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 145, "width": 234, "height": 296, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bureaucratic politics emerge when the factors of preferences, aversions, loyalty, and disloyalty towards bureaucratic officials are given priority. The statements acquired from ASN and individuals impacted by non-job impacts were subjective, reflecting their respective perspectives, influenced by the decisions of the Regent as PPK. Subsequently, the research was conducted to ascertain the objectives and motives of the Regent in performing non-occupational roles during that period. Due to divergent viewpoints, academics also hold varying beliefs about the political implications of job vacancies on non-job positions. The researcher's hypotheses are corroborated by previously acquired data and then validated by multiple perspectives gained from various informants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 443, "width": 198, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers observe that the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 457, "width": 234, "height": 325, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Regent's decision as PPK is influenced by personal preferences when making this non-employment decision. Asrinaldi acknowledged the presence of bureaucratic politics being conducted by the Regent, but further investigation is needed to understand the underlying reasons for the Regent's unemployment. There have been numerous incidences involving the assignment of individuals specially requested by a regional leader to fill particular jobs. The concept of an entrusted person is evolving throughout regional governments in the field of bureaucracy. While laws and government regulations offer direction to regional leaders such as PPK, the ultimate decision will still be significantly influenced by the progressive rights of regional heads. This will inevitably depend on whether bureaucrats should retain political neutrality or engage in politics to sustain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 176, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "their jobs. Choosing this decision is a complex task that falls upon bureaucrats who are responsible for delivering public services. It is pretty regrettable if a policy is not executed in compliance with statutory regulations. ASNs are impacted by policies implemented by regional leaders that prioritize political considerations above the merit-based system when hiring, transferring, and dismissing ASNs. Consequently, ASNs are the ones who suffer the effects of this politicization.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 249, "width": 234, "height": 533, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers have observed that the existing procedure for appointing, transferring, and dismissing bureaucrats no longer adheres to legal statutes, government regulations, Baperjakat guidelines, or the merit system as a standard. According to the research findings, the regent did not prioritize a competency test before assigning non-jobs to multiple ASNs. Furthermore, the regent failed to provide clear explanations for the mistakes made by the ASNs, which resulted in their receiving non-jobs. Moreover, the lack of a deputy regent to serve as a companion and supervisor leads to an imbalance in the management of governmental matters. The problem of non- job positions in the government of Dharmasraya Regency is currently being analyzed from the standpoint of bureaucratic politics and the regent's role as a Commitment Making Officer (PPK) towards the bureaucracy in the government of Dharmasraya Regency. The regent's decision in the non-work bureaucracy appears to be made unilaterally and in violation of multiple relevant regulations. Law Number 5 of 2014, which pertains to State Civil Apparatus (ASN), assigns the responsibility of monitoring and evaluating the implementation of ASN policies and management to BKPSDM. Additionally, it aims to establish a merit system that enables regents to efficiently determine policies for transferring ASN structural", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 35, "width": 358, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 10", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 221, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "positions within the Regional Government. Government Regulation Number 53 of 2010 outlines the types of penalties that can be imposed on civil servants (ASN) for breaching disciplinary regulations. In this discussion, we will explain the data analysis and findings, as well as provide a chronological account of instances where the implementation of bureaucratic recruitment deviates from the relevant legislation. It is necessary to have a clear understanding and identification of purposes and objectives, which should be founded on factual information, statistics, and well-defined conceptual frameworks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 297, "width": 197, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perpetuating/Maintaining Power", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 52, "top": 312, "width": 234, "height": 473, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Currently, regional chiefs and deputy regional leaders possess complete authority to govern the government. When it comes to politics, the role of the regional head and deputy regional head is undeniably intertwined with the authority in governing. The authority wielded by regional chiefs as Leadership Officials (PPK) sometimes leads to the pursuit of personal interests. According to Geddes, as quoted in Syaiful, one of the primary concerns of the bureaucracy is to preserve its authority, ensuring its longevity either until the end of the current term or for subsequent periods. Sutan Riska, the current regional head, and Dasril Painan were victorious once again in winning the regional head election (Pilkada) in Dharmasraya Regency. It is conceivable for this duo to utilize bureaucrats as a political instrument to secure victory, given the substantial number of votes they can potentially garner from bureaucrats. The utilization of bureaucrats' votes in regional elections is inherently linked to endeavors aimed at retaining political control. The researcher concludes that based on the information received from Sarbaini and Romi as ASN, the participation of bureaucrats in politics is indeed evident. Bureaucracy is utilized as a means for politicians to generate income and secure", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 72, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the support of regional heads and deputy regional leaders in order to further their own goals. Sarbaini and Romi lost their posts following the vacancy in the deputy regional head's power.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 148, "width": 234, "height": 548, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers have evaluated that the vacant ASN positions will likely be filled by individuals, possibly recommended by the regent. Given the current circumstances, the regent is effectively governing independently, with a particular focus on maintaining leadership as the regional head. Bureaucracy serves as an instrument for regional heads and deputy regional chiefs to carry out policies, hence influencing the dynamics of relationships among officials. The elected regional head and deputy regional head will select trustworthy individuals to oversee the government operations in alignment with the plans and objectives of the vision and mission. Conversely, bureaucrats have a vested incentive in securing a more advantageous position than they previously had. Currently, researchers have observed an intriguing phenomenon in Dharmasraya Regency. The issue at hand is the abundance of non-job instances arising from the vacant position of Deputy Regent. There are differing perspectives on the matter of the Deputy Regent's position being vacant and the non-job situations that are interconnected. The placement, appointment, and dismissal of ASNs from their jobs can occur due to two factors: firstly, the lack of competency of the ASNs in that particular field, and secondly, a specific request from the regional head. However, the current situation is a consequence of political interference in the selection, appointment, and removal of ASNs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 698, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Furthermore, the issue in Dharmasraya Regency stemmed from the vacant position of the deputy regent, which subsequently led to various problems. The absence of a deputy regent resulted in an imbalance in leadership positions, as the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 12, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 87, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "regent was expected to govern the region with the assistance and oversight of the deputy regent. However, due to the vacancy, the regent had to manage the government single-handedly, causing the deputy's supervisory role to be neglected.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 160, "width": 234, "height": 607, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Following the departure of the deputy regent, numerous civil servants were terminated from their positions. This indicates a clear connection between this vacancy and the authorities held by the regent as the regional leader. Failure to provide supervision will have a direct effect on the ASNs. The presence of politically affiliated individuals in the offices of Regent and Deputy Regent increases the likelihood of bureaucratic politics influencing the selection, employment, and removal of civil servants in regional government. When researchers identified interconnections between various issues, such as the execution of job transfers, the reduction in the number of ASNs who were laid off, and the absence of deputy regents. The researcher evaluates whether there are further aspirations, such as preserving his position as regent or consolidating his authority inside the PDIP party, while also seeking to limit the influence of other political parties. These interests are undoubtedly interconnected with the indicator of power preservation. Building upon the regent's desire to maintain power within the government, particularly in terms of ensuring their survival, it is imperative to cultivate the loyalty of bureaucrats towards the leadership. Upon receiving information from the pertinent informants, the researcher observed that the indicator presented by Geddes regarding politicians' interests in the bureaucracy was prominently evident in the implementation of non-job positions in Dharmasraya Regency. There are signs that the regent, acting as PPK, chose to take on a non-occupational role in order to collaborate with individuals who matched", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 429, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "his specific qualifications or, in this instance, were generally loyal to him. 2. Creating a Loyal Political Machine Bureaucracy is employed as a mechanism to generate substantial backing during the regional elections. Given the extensive quantity of ASNs, potential candidates are inclined to utilize bureaucracy as a means to establish political influence by garnering support in regional elections. Regional leaders utilize bureaucratic processes to expedite the implementation of many programs. In order to properly use bureaucracy, regional leaders must establish specific criteria, such as selecting knowledgeable and capable administrators who are impartial and, of course, loyal to them. Then, these reliable civil servants can assist local leaders in obtaining additional support from other politicians to enhance their prospects of maintaining their authority. Evidence of bureaucratic politics in Dharmasraya Regency following the vacancy of the deputy regent's seat is seen in the high number of unemployed civil servants. The vacancy in this office has elicited diverse sentiments, both in favor and against.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 502, "width": 234, "height": 280, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nevertheless, during its execution, numerous impediments arose that affected all factions within the bureaucracy, resulting in the repercussions of this void being felt. The occurrence of bureaucratic politics in Dharmasraya Regency is evident from the significant number of civil servants who were terminated due to the vacancy in the deputy regent position. Therefore, the issue at hand pertains to the procedure of replacing bureaucratic positions within the government of Dharmasraya Regency following the vacancy in the deputy regent position. It raises the question of whether the regent exhibits any signs of loyalty or disloyalty, given that the regent is no longer under supervision and does not receive input from the deputy regent.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 35, "width": 358, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 533, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are instances where proper protocols are not adhered to when administering disciplinary actions on the relevant ASN. In the context of the current merit system, the mentioned ASN is not necessarily subject to an instant severe consequence. Researchers argue that the lack of transparent disclosure regarding errors is grounds for mistrust, as there is no oversight of the Regent in the process of appointing, assigning, and dismissing ASNs. Political implications have also gained significant influence for theRegentt in light of the vacancy in the office of Deputy Regent. Regional heads indirectly require the establishment of a loyal political machine. Following the departure of the deputy regent, a predicament arose in the Dharmasraya Regency government environment. Sutan Riska, who had served as deputy regent for a year, was now responsible for managing the government single-handedly. Therefore, it is inevitable to transfer ASNs (civil servants) who are less loyal and do not meet the stated criteria, as the monitoring role that should be fulfilled by the current representative no longer exists. The correlation between this indicator and the preceding indicator indicates that the retention of power necessitates a cohesive and devoted bureaucracy. This bureaucracy must not only address the requirements of forthcoming government initiatives but also serve the personal political agendas of the Regent and his political party.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 609, "width": 234, "height": 161, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Realizing Government Effectiveness Examining and discussing the government's effectiveness in governing is crucial, as effectiveness is a vital indicator of the government's success in its performance. Given the power vacuum in the position of the deputy regent of Dharmasraya Regency, it is imperative to have an efficient approach to governing in order to ensure the continued execution of the deputy regent's responsibilities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 772, "width": 43, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geddes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 110, "top": 772, "width": 176, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "contends that government", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 429, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "effectiveness serves as a pretext for advancing political goals within the bureaucracy. Effectiveness, as a manifestation of good administration or good governance, refers to the ability of a government to efficiently and successfully carry out its functions. In addition, Geddes disclosed that the concept of government effectiveness also seeks to garner backing from constituents or political adversaries. A politician, as an individual with power and authority, undoubtedly requires support from all factions, including the opposition, who will anticipate the potential outcomes and challenges that would arise throughout their tenure in government. This is an additional piece of evidence that supports the research conducted by the author. As a regional leader, the Regent possesses extensive powers that allow for unrestricted political activity inside the realm of bureaucracy. The allocation of key positions occupied by bureaucratic officials is crucial for regional leaders. These officials, such as the PPK, serve as a direct representation of the Regent in governing the region, aligning with the Regent's personal vision, mission, and political party's objectives.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 505, "width": 234, "height": 280, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Explicit and stringent restrictions govern the execution of work transfers. Nevertheless, when engaged in politics, these decisions have the potential to deviate from rationality. The Regent, in addition to serving as a Civil Service Development Officer (PPK), is also a member of a specific political party. Thus, Geddes' perspective aligns with the notion that politicians invariably have interests that seek to exert influence or exploit governmental management, particularly when they hold positions of authority. According to the researchers' findings, which were then linked to metrics of government effectiveness, they were unable to offer a comprehensive explanation or determine if the non-job positions contributed to government effectiveness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 35, "width": 12, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 130, "top": 35, "width": 295, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JIEE: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekotrans & Erudisi Vol. 04, No. 01, 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 132, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Given the importance placed on these indicators, the government can enhance its effectiveness by revitalizing the bureaucratic structure through the introduction of non-job positions overseen by the Regent. However, this proposition needs to be substantiated by conducting thorough research on civil servants who are not employed and their motivations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 205, "width": 234, "height": 562, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "While the regent possesses the rightful power and authority to select, relocate, and terminate bureaucrats, it would be pretty regrettable if this privilege were to favor one party at the expense of numerous others. ASNs who have diligently established their jobs must allow those careers to go away without any explicit indication. The regent, acting as PPK, shall issue a letter of reprimand and warning to individuals who are found to have made a mistake in their job in accordance with the relevant laws and government rules. However, non-job ASNs did not accept this, and there was no apparent reason provided for why non-jobs were not supplied information. The sentence received is promptly categorized as a severe penalty. Unfortunately, the regent's authority continues to supersede the stipulations of current laws and regulations. Researchers observe that Weber's assertion regarding bureaucracy as a self-governing bureaucratic apparatus is no longer prevalent in government as a whole since the actualities of contemporary political existence have invalidated this perspective. The bureaucracy, once comprised of non-political players engaged in competition, has now become a tool or political instrument utilized by those in power. If the phenomenon currently being investigated by researchers is relevant, Weber's argument will likely be disproven. This is because in the present context of regional governance, particularly in Indonesia, regional leaders, known as PPKs, tend to prioritize loyalty over basic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 71, "width": 234, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "competence when appointing bureaucrats to positions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 119, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 134, "width": 234, "height": 637, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The beginning issue for this research was the vacant position of the deputy regent in Dharmasraya Regency. After identifying the problem based on initial data results, the research proceeded with data collection through interviews and recording. Data analysis was conducted using Barbara Geddes' conceptual framework as a guiding principle. This research concludes that the assumption made by the researcher, which focuses on bureaucratic political issues that arise after the deputy regent's position becomes vacant, has an impact on the number of non-job cases in bureaucratic positions. These cases are decided by the regent himself, who serves as the civil service development officer for the bureaucracy. This impact can be overlooked. The current Regent of Dharmasraya Regency, who holds the position of PPK in the government structure, has engaged in bureaucratic politics by involving himself in matters unrelated to his official duties. While the regent has the authority to appoint, transfer, and dismiss individuals, if there is a deputy regent present, non-employment factors are taken into consideration. This employment position allows for discussion and consideration of recommendations and feedback from the deputy regent, who serves as the regent's companion. If the regent assumes office unilaterally, there is a high likelihood that political factors will be entangled in this non-work issue. Barbara Geddes proposed that regents, as political officials, use bureaucracy to achieve three primary objectives: (1) Maintaining their authority, (2) Establishing a loyal political network, and (3) Achieving effective governance. Gedds has indeed demonstrated that the regent indirectly carries out the three interests by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 35, "width": 358, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alika, Valentina, Hendrik – Bureaucratic Politicization in the Process … 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 74, "width": 234, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "implementing non-job positions in Dharmasraya Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 104, "width": 234, "height": 265, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Researchers have identified two indicators that dominate the regent's interests when it comes to carrying out non-job roles based on the three interests of the regent. The regent's desire to retain power is evident in the absence of a replacement for the deputy regent. Given that a deputy regent typically accompanies the regent for only a year, this indicates a deliberate effort to maintain control until the end of the term. Furthermore, it established a steadfast political apparatus. The Regent's primary requirement is to secure the resources necessary to sustain his power and ensure successful governance. As a political figure in a position of authority, he relies heavily on support from inside the bureaucracy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 371, "width": 234, "height": 295, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are indications that the procedures for placing, appointing, and dismissing civil servants (ASN) are not in accordance with the applicable Law and Government Regulations. This is based on the numerous cases of non-job positions carried out by the regent as PPK, as well as the lack of warnings and clear information received by ASNs who were assigned non- jobs. Additionally, the regent has not conducted a job fit process prior to these placements. This is a manifestation of bureaucratic politics executed by the regent. However, when it comes to measuring government effectiveness, researchers believe that this question cannot be fully answered using data collected in the field or secondary data, as there is a lack of reasons and explanations for the non-employment of the ASN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 691, "width": 82, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 52, "top": 705, "width": 234, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Belmonte, R., & Cerny, P. G. (2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 718, "width": 210, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heterarchy: toward paradigm shift in world politics. 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05c753c2-e4f7-8eff-e9af-ca495f4ca340

https://pusdiklattekniskemenag.e-journal.id/andragogi/article/download/321/184

[ { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  181", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 74, "width": 405, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANALISIS HASIL UJI KOMPETENSI PADA PESERTA PELATIHAN TENAGA KESEHATAN HAJI KLOTER EMBARKASI BTH DI BAPELKES BATAM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 120, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 146, "width": 154, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan Batam, Batam [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 188, "width": 325, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36052/andragogi.v11i2.321 Diterima: 4 September 2023 | Disetujui: 6 November 2023 | Dipublikasikan: 25 Desember 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 250, "width": 36, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 270, "width": 450, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tenaga Kesehatan Haji (TKH) Kloter mempunyai peran yang sangat penting dalam memberikan pendampingan pada jemaah haji. Agar petugas TKH Kloter dapat menjalankan tugas sesai peran dan fungsinya, mereka dilatih melalui Pelatihan TKH Kloter. Pada tahun 2023, Bapelkes Batam melaksanakan Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam (BTH). Sebagai bagian penting dari pelatihan, evaluasi hasil belajar merupakan instrumen penting untuk mengukur efektivitas program pelatihan dan pencapaian kompetensi sesuai tujuan pelatihan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hasil uji kompetensi dan mendeskripsikan profil kompetensi peserta Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam tahun 2023 mencakup kompetensi keterampilan, kompetensi soft skill dan menguji apakah ada perbedaan kompetensi pada kelompok peserta dengan profesi dokter dan perawat. Metode penelitian dirancang dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitafif terhadap 20 orang peserta dengan teknik analisis statistic deskriptif dan One Way Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) peserta memiliki kompetensi keterampilan dan soft skill dengan kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan yaitu 80, (2) terdapat perbedaan pencapaian kompetensi berdasarkan kelompok peserta profesi dokter dan perawat pada kompetensi keterampilan, tetapi tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kompetensi soft skill.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 426, "width": 295, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: jemaah haji; kesehatan haji; evaluasi; kompetensi; keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 450, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 475, "width": 450, "height": 131, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hajj Health Workers have a critical role in assisting pilgrims. To carry out their duties according to their roles and functions, they are trained through training. In 2023, Bapelkes Batam held preparation for Hajj Health Workers of Batam Embarkation. As an essential part of training, the evaluation of learning outcomes is an important instrument for measuring the effectiveness of training programs and achieving competence according to training objectives. The objectives of this study were to analyze and describe participants’ competence profile of a) Achievement of skills competence, b) Achievement of soft skill competence, and c)To test whether there is a difference in the competency of a group of participants with medical and nursing backgrounds. The study was designed with a quantitative descriptive approach to 20 participants using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. The findings showed: (1) participants have skill and soft skill competencies above the minimum score of 80, (2) there is a difference in competency achievement based on the participant’s profession as doctor and nurse on skill competencies, but no significant difference of soft skill competencies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 620, "width": 256, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: hajj; health; pilgrims; evaluation; competency; soft skill", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 693, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "182  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 99, "width": 451, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberhasilan upaya kesehatan ditentukan oleh SDM Kesehatan yang profesional dan salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk menghasilkan serta meningkatkan SDM Kesehatan yang profesional adalah melalui pelatihan. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2019 tentang Penyelenggaraan Ibadah Haji dan Umrah mengamanatkan pembinaan, pelayanan, dan perlindungan pada Jemaah haji. Sebagai tindak lanjut amanah undang – undang tersebut, Kementerian Kesehatan melalui Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 9 Tahun 2021 tentang Petunjuk Teknis Penyelenggaraan Kesehatan Haji di Arab Saudi mengatur tentang tugas dan fungsi setiap petugas kesehatan dalam melakukan pembinaan, pelayanan dan perlindungan kesehatan bagi jemaah haji selama berada di Arab Saudi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 205, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tenaga Kesehatan Haji (TKH) kelompok terbang (Kloter) berperan sebagai petugas kesehatan yang langsung memberikan pendampingan pada jemaah haji di kloternya. Adapun tugas TKH Kloter adalah memberikan pembinaan, pelayanan dan perlindungan kesehatan terhadap jemaah kelompok terbangnya serta tugas – tugas administrasi sejak di daerah asal jemaah haji, di asrama embarkasi, selama di perjalanan baik di pesawat maupun di bus, selama tinggal di Arab Saudi sampai kembali lagi ke asrama demarkasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 271, "width": 451, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran dan tugas TKH Kloter sangat penting dan turut serta menentukan kesuksesan dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji secara keseluruhan. Agar petugas TKH Kloter dapat menjalankan tugasnya serta mampu mengantisipasi permasalahan yang mungkin timbul selama bertugas, mereka akan mendapatkan pelatihan sebelum melaksanakan tugas. Direktorat Peningkatan Mutu Tenaga Kesehatan, Kementerian Kesehatan RI telah merancang dan menerbitkan Kurikulum Pelatihan Tenaga Kesehatan Haji Kloter sebagai pedoman penyelenggaraan pelatihan bagi calon TKH Kloter Tahun 2023 yang akan bertugas melakukan pendampingan jemaah haji di kloternya masing – masing pada musim haji 1444 H. Kurikulum inilah yang menjadi rujukan dan pedoman pada pelaksanaan Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam yang dilaksanakan di Balai Pelatihan Kesehatan (Bapelkes) Batam sebanyak 3 Angkatan pada tahun 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 390, "width": 450, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bapelkes Batam sebagai salah satu Unit Pelaksana Teknis di Kementerian Kesehatan mempunyai tugas melaksanakan pengelolaan pelatihan sumber daya manusia kesehatan yang di antara fungsinya adalah melaksanaan pelatihan sumber daya manusia kesehatan, pelatihan manajemen, dan pelatihan unggulan tertentu; melaksanakan penjaminan mutu penyelenggaraan pelatihan kesehatan; serta melakukan pemantauan, evaluasi, dan pelaporan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 456, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu komponen utama dalam penyelenggaraan pelatihan adalah evaluasi. Secara etimologi, evaluasi berasal dari bahasa Inggris yaitu evaluation yang berarti penilaian, yakni memberikan suatu nilai, harga terhadap sesuatu dengan menggunakan kriteria tertentu, baik kuantitatif maupun kualitatif (Ramli, 2012). Evaluation mempunyai kata dasar value , yang berarti nilai yang dapat diartikan sebagai ukuran baik buruk (LAN, 2020). Secara etimologi, definisi evaluasi dapat dikemukakan beberapa pendapat sebagai berikut (Ramli, 2012):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 535, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Menurut Mehrens dan Lehmann, evaluasi adalah proses merencanakan, memperoleh, dan menyediakan informasi yang sangat diperlukan untuk membuat alternatif – alternatif keputusan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 562, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Menurut Norman E. Gronlund, evaluasi adalah suatu proses yang sistematis untuk menentukan atau membuat sampai sejauh mana tujuan – tujuan pengajaran telah dicapai oleh siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 588, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Menurut Suharsimi Arikunto, evaluasi adalah kegiatan menilai dalam kegiatan pendidikan yang berorientasi pada proses perkembangan kemajuan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 614, "width": 451, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi merupakan komponen yang sangat penting dan dibutuhkan dalam setiap program pelatihan. Ia merupakan suatu proses sistematis guna mendapatkan bukti – bukti yang jelas tentang efektifitas dari kegiatan pelatihan yang dilakukan, salah satunya dalam bentuk evaluasi hasil belajar peserta latih. Evaluasi hasil belajar dilakukan untuk memantau proses, relevansi kemajuan belajar peserta dengan tujuan atau standar yang telah ditetapkan, dan perbaikan metode pengajaran serta kelemahan – kelemahan yang ditemukan pada proses belajar mengajar. Hasil evaluasi akan dipergunakan untuk memberikan arah atau landasan yang kuat dalam menentukan pertimbangan pengambilan keputusan mengenai kegiatan pelatihan (Rusandi, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 707, "width": 450, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sesuai kurikulum Kurikulum Pelatihan Tenaga Kesehatan Haji Kloter tahun 2023, Pelatihan TKH Kloter bertujuan agar setelah mengikuti pelatihan, peserta mampu melaksanakan tugas sebagai TKH Kloter sesuai peran dan fungsinya. Pelatihan ini dilaksanakan secara blended learning dalam 51 JPL (jam pelajaran, 1 JPL=45 menit) selama 8 (delapan) hari efektif. Kompetensi yang diharapkan diperoleh oleh peserta melalui pelatihan ini antara lain adalah kemampuan dalam: (1) menerapkan etika pelayanan kesehatan haji; (2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  183", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "melakukan manasik kesehatan haji selama di Indonesia, Arab Saudi dan pasca kepulangan dari Arab Saudi; (3) melakukan pengendalian penyakit menular pada jemaah haji; (4) melakukan pelayanan medik dan asuhan keperawatan pada jemaah haji di kloter; (5) menerapkan protokol kesehatan pada jemaah haji; (6) menerapkan komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji; (7) melakukan pengembangan jejaring kerja pelayanan kesehatan haji secara efektif; (8) melakukan pencatatan dan pelaporan secara manual dan elektronik; dan (9) melakukan rencana operasi kesehatan TKH Kloter.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 152, "width": 451, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai bagian penting dari pelatihan, evaluasi hasil belajar dapat digunakan sebagai instrumen mengukur efektivitas program pelatihan dan pencapaian kompetensi sesuai tujuan pelatihan. Pada pelatihan TKH Kloter di Bapelkes Batam, evaluasi terhadap peserta dilakukan melalui: posttes t, uji komprehensif/uji tulis, uji kompetensi/uji keterampilan dan evaluasi sikap perilaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 205, "width": 450, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kompetensi atau uji keterampilan dilakukan untuk menilai kompetensi pada 4 (empat) Mata Pelatihan Inti (MPI) yaitu: MPI 1: Etika Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji; MPI 4: Pelayanaan Medik dan Asuhan Keperawatan Jemaah haji di Kloter; MPI 6: Komunikasi Persuasif dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji dan MPI 7: Pengembangan Jejaring Kerja dalam Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji. Evaluasi terhadap MP 1, 6 dan 7 dilakukan melalui instrumen penilaian soft skill sehingga disebut juga uji soft skill sedangkan evaluasi terhadap MP 4 disebut juga uji praktik/keterampilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 284, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kompetensi merupakan proses penilaian ( assessment ) secara teknis yang diselenggarakan oleh penyelenggara pelatihan dalam rangka mengukur kompetensi atau kemampuan peserta latih pada pelatihan tertentu. Kompetensi yang diukur dalam hal ini adalah kompetensi peserta latih sebagai petugas kesehatan yang akan memberikan pendampingan pada jemaah haji di kloter dan pada akhirnya ikut menentukan kesuksesan dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 350, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Masalah yang akan diteliti pada kajian ini berkaitan dengan pemetaan hasi uji kompetensi/uji keterampilan berdasarkan variabel penilaian kompetensi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif, pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji, pelayanan medik dan asuhan keperawatan, latar belakang profesi serta variabel penilaian uji keterampilan pada peserta Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 416, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasar pada latar belakang masalah tersebut di atas, maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) memetakan profil kompetensi soft skill (etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif, pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji), dan kompetensi pelayanan medik (pada dokter) dan asuhan keperawatan (pada perawat), (2) menjelaskan adakah perbedaan kompetensi soft skill ditinjau dari latar belakang pendidikan profesi, (3) menjelaskan adakah perbedaan kompetensi pelayanaan medik dan asuhan keperawatan jemaah haji di kloter ditinjau dari latar belakang pendidikan profesi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 496, "width": 451, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Urgensi kajian kompetensi hasi uji kompetensi/uji keterampilan adalah untuk menentukan proses pembelajaran dan profesionalitas TKH Kloter yang dilatih dalam mencapai kompetensi yang diharapkan sesuai dengan tujuan pelatihan. Melalui kajian ini, didapatkan gambaran dan data sebagai bahan evaluasi dan perbaikan pada pola dan metode pelatihan dan pengajaran, pengembangan kurikulum, modul dan bahan ajar serta kesiapan panitia penyelenggara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 575, "width": 40, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 601, "width": 450, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dirancang dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah peserta pelatihan Tenaga Kesehatan Haji Kloter Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023 yang berjumlah 81 orang. Sampel penelitian ditetapkan secara purposive sampling pada 20 peserta. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive pada peserta profesi dokter dan perawat untuk memperoleh informasi riil pencapaian kompetensi pada ujian kompetensi/ujian keterampilan yang dilakukan di pelatihan secara detail. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan statistic deskriptif dan one way anova .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 694, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 719, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Hasil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 77, "top": 732, "width": 451, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil hasil ujian soft skill untuk menilai kompetensi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji dan pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji dipaparkan pada diagram 1. Rerata skor kompetensi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji pada peserta profesi dokter adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "184  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 51, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "88,87, sedangkan perawat adalah 86,6. Rerata skor kompetensi komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji profesi dokter adalah 88, 75, sedangkan perawat adalah 86,4. Rerata skor kompetensi pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji profesi dokter adalah 88,38, sedangkan perawat adalah 86,45.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 126, "width": 451, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil hasil ujian praktik/keterampilan dipaparkan pada diagram 2. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian persiapan alat sesuai perlengkapan di kloter pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87,5, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,9. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian deteksi dini kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 85,2, sedangkan perawat adalah 81,9. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian melakukan triage pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 86,9, sedangkan perawat adalah 81,5. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian pada penatalaksanaan asuhan medis/keperawatan (sesuai profesi) pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87,6, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,6. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian tatalaksana kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,6. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian melakukan rujukan pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 88,6, sedangkan perawat adalah 82,5. Rerata skor pada variabel penilaian pendokumentasian pada peserta profesi dokter adalah 87,1, sedangkan perawat adalah 82.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 428, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Rerata Nilai Ujian Soft Skill", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 206, "top": 674, "width": 191, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Rerata Nilai Ujian Praktik/Keterampilan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 77, "top": 699, "width": 450, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil statistik deskripsi hasil ujian soft skill dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1. Sedangkan hasil statistik deskripsi uji praktik/keterampilan pelayanan medik/asuhan keperawatan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 297, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "88,97 88,75", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 394, "top": 308, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "88,38", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 289, "width": 408, "height": 372, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "86,6 86,4 86,45 85 86 87 88 89 90 Etika Komunikasi Jejaring Dokter Perawat 87,5 85,2 86,9 87,6 87 88,6 87,1 82,9 81,9 81,5 82,3 82,6 82,5 82 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 Persiapan Alat Deteksi Dini Kegawatdaruratan Triage Yanmed/Askep Tatalaksana Kegawatdaruratan Rujukan Dokumentasi Perawat Dokter", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  185", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 169, "top": 73, "width": 263, "height": 261, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Soft Skill No. Ukuran Deskriptif Nilai Dokter Perawat 1. Range 10,00 5,57 2. Minimum 81,82 79,43 3. Maximum 91,82 85 4. Mean 88,61 82,24 5. Std.Deviation 2,704 2,341 6. Std. Error 0,855 0,919 7. Variasi 7,317 5,480 Tabel 2. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Kompetensi Praktik/Keterampilan No. Ukuran Deskriptif Nilai Dokter Perawat 1. Range 6,28 5,57 2. Minimum 83,43 79,43 3. Maximum 89,71 85 4. Mean 86,79 82,24 5. Std.Deviation 1,983 2,341 5. Std. Error 0,627 0,740 7. Variasi 3,934 5,480", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 349, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara lengkap, deskripsi hasil ujian soft skill dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 376, "width": 415, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Soft Skill Kompetensi Etika Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji No. Ukuran Deskriptif Etika Pelayanan Kesehatan Haji Komunikasi Persuasif Pengembangan Jejaring Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat 1. Mean 88,967 86,6 88,75 86,4 88,375 86,45 2. Std. Deviation 2,645 3,273 3,098 2,771 2,295 2,803 3. Std. Error 0,837 1,035 0,979 0,876 0,726 0,8865 4. Minimum 82,67 82 81,25 82,25 82,5 83 5. Maximum 92,67 90 93 89,75 90 90 6. p-value 0,119 0,091 0,110", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 514, "width": 433, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4 dan 5 menunjukkan deskripsi uji praktik atau keterampilan pada 7 variabel penilaian yang dinilai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 533, "width": 392, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Kompetensi Praktik atau Keterampilan pada Variabel 1 - 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 546, "width": 451, "height": 222, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Ukuran Deskriptif Variabel 1 Variabel 2 Variabel 3 Variabel 4 Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat 1. Mean 87,4 82,9 85 81,9 86,6 81,5 87,2 81,5 2. Std. Deviation 2,27 4,067 3,916 1,853 2,988 2,173 2,201 2,213 3. Std. Error 0,718 1,286 1,238 0,586 0,945 0,687 0,696 0,7 4. Minimum 85 78 80 80 80 80 85 80 5. Maximum 90 89 90 85 90 86 90 85 6. p-value 0,007 0,036 0,000 0,000 Tabel 5. Hasil Statistik Deskriptif Uji Kompetensi Praktik atau Keterampilan pada Variabel 5 - 7 No. Ukuran Deskriptif Variabel 5 Variabel 6 Variabel 7 Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat Dokter Perawat 1. Mean 86,5 82,6 88 82,5 86,4 82 2. Std. Deviation 3,100 2,367 2,309 2,368 3,864 2,828 3. Std. Error 0,980 0,748 0,730 0,749 1.222 0,894 4. Minimum 80 80 85 85 80 78 5. Maximum 90 85 90 80 90 85 6. p-value 0,005 0,000 0,009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "186  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 85, "width": 309, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel 1: penilaian persiapan alat sesuai perlengkapan di kloter Variabel 2: penilaian deteksi dini kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji Variabel 3: penilaian melakukan triage", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 121, "width": 355, "height": 46, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel 4: penilaian penatalaksanaan medis (bagi dokter) dan asuhan keperawatan (perawat) Variabel 5: penilaian tatalaksana kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus pada jemaah haji Variabel 6: penilaian melakukan rujukan Variabel 7: penilaian pendokumentasian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 182, "width": 353, "height": 60, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. T-test Perbedaan Uji Kompetensi Berdasarkan Profesi Profesi Uji Praktik/ Keterampilan Ujian Soft Skill T test n M (SD) n M (SD) Dokter 10 86,799 (1,98) 10 88,61 (2,70) 4,696 Perawat 10 82,243 (2,34) 10 86,46 (2,90) 1,708", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 258, "width": 450, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil statistik pada Tabel 13 menunjukan bahwa keterampilan pelayanan medik/asuhan keperawatan pada peserta profesi dokter (N= 10; M = 86,799; SD =1,98) berbeda signifikan dengan keterampilan peserta profesi perawat (N= 10; M = 82,243; SD = 2,34); t=4,696. Sedangkan kompetensi soft skill pada peserta profesi dokter (N= 10; M = 88,61; SD =2,7) tidak berbeda signifikan dengan keterampilan peserta profesi perawat (N= 10; M = 86,46; SD = 2,9); t=1,708.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 337, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 350, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kompetensi soft skill sebesar 88,61 pada profesi dokter dan 86,46 pada profesi perawat. Nilai ini masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan, yaitu 80. Soft skill dapat didefinisikan sebagai seperangkat kemampuan yang mempengaruhi bagaimana kita berinteraksi dengan orang lain meliputi komunikasi efektif (Romas & Sharma, 2022), berpikir kreatif dan kritis (Park, Li, acam-macam& Niu, 2023), membangun tim (Kanokorn, Pongtorn, & Sujanya, 2014), serta kemampuan lain yang terkait kapasitas kepribadian individu (Widhiarso, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 430, "width": 451, "height": 130, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pelatihan TKH Kloter ini, kompetensi soft skill meliputi etika pelayanan kesehatan haji, komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji dan pengembangan jejaring kerja dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji. Nilai ini diharapkan memberi gambaran bahwa secara umum, peserta pelatihan mampu memahami dan menerapkan kewajiban dan hak petugas kesehatan haji; memahami etika petugas kesehatan dan etika dalam pelayanan kesehatan haji; mampu berkomunikasi persuasif, bersikap positif kepada jemaah haji, menjadi pendengar yang baik, memberi umpan balik secara persuasif dan menerapkan soft skill komunikasi persuasif dalam pelayanan kesehatan di kloter; serta menerapkan jejaring kerja pelayanan haji yang efektif. Pelatihan TKH Kloter ini sangat penting dan juga berpengaruh dalam kesuksesan orang tersebut. Saat ini, soft skill telah menjadi komponen yang sangat penting dalam setiap organisasi (Chassidim, Almog, & Mark, 2018; Joseph, Ang, & Slaughter, 1999; Rodriguez & Campillay Briones, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 562, "width": 451, "height": 64, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada akhirnya, dengan kompetensi soft skill tersebut, peserta pelatihan nantinya mampu memberikan pembinaan, pelayanan serta perlindungan kepada jemaah haji dengan penuh keikhlasan dan ketulusan. Kompetensi soft skill ini sangat penting dan sangat ditekankan karena adanya kasus petugas TKH Kloter yang menelantarkan jemaahnya dan justru sibuk melaksanakan ritual haji. Hasil penelitian tidak menemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kompetensi soft skill profesi dokter dan perawat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 628, "width": 451, "height": 130, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "TKH Kloter sebagai dokter dan perawat adalah tenaga profesi kesehatan yang memiliki kemampuan pengetahuan secara mendalam di bidangnya dan menjunjung tinggi etika dan integritas profesi sebagai syarat seseorang menjadi profesional di bidangnya. Seiring dengan dinamika penyelenggaraan kesehatan haji, tuntutan untuk menjadi profesional adalah sebuah keharusan. Akan tetapi, dalam penyelenggaraan haji dari tahun ke tahun, masih terdengar keluhan dari jemaah haji terkait buruknya pelayanan yang diberikan petugas kloter khususnya tenaga kesehatan, misalnya laporan terkait adanya yang petugas lebih banyak berada di masjid untuk beribadah daripada melakukan visitasi ke jemaah terutama jemaah risiko tinggi (risti), kurangnya koordinasi dengan sesama petugas kloter, antarpetugas non kloter maupun dengan jemaahnya sendiri, atau kasus adanya kesalahan medik yang diberikan petugas haji. Hal ini tentu tidak bisa lepas begitu saja dari sikap dan perilaku petugas kesehatan haji. Petugas kesehatan haji yang merupakan tenaga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "profesional seyogyanya diharapkan selalu menerapkan etika, menjalankan kewajiban dan menjaga integritasnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 99, "width": 451, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dokter sebagai ketua tim TKH Kloter harus mampu membangun jejaring dan bermitra baik dengan TKH perawat. Sementara itu, perawat sebagai rekan sejawat harus mendukung dan berperan aktif dalam timnya. Formasi jemaah haji yang didominasi lansia, ditambah dengan padatnya aktivitas fisik, faktor eksternal lain seperti perbedaan iklim, budaya, kelelahan, juga kerinduan pada keluarga mengharuskan TKH kloter memiliki strategi komunikasi yang baik. Untuk membuat jemaah haji mengikuti apa yang diinginkan petugas, terutama dalam upaya preventif dan promotif, TKH dapat menggunakan komunikasi persuasif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 179, "width": 451, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komunikasi persuasif adalah komunikasi yang bersifat mempengaruhi audience atau komunikan (jemaah haji) agar bertindak sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan komunikator (petugas). Tujuan pokok komunikasi persuasif adalah menguatkan atau mengubah sikap dan perilaku, sehingga penggunaan fakta, pendapat, dan imbauan motivasional dapat memperkuat tujuan persuasifnya (Afandi dkk, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 232, "width": 451, "height": 129, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor – faktor di atas menguatkan pentingnya kompetensi soft skill. Itulah mengapa, sejak beberapa tahun ini, pelatihan TKH Kloter sangat menekankan pada pencapaian kompetensi ini. Hasil penelitian yang menunjukkan nilai kompetensi soft skill masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan (80) menggambarkan metode pelatihan yang sudah cukup efektif. Namun perlu diingat bahwa penguji kompetensi soft skill pada Pelatihan TKH Kloter Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023 belum ada yang mengikuti workshop Pelatihan TKH Kloter sehingga subjektifitas dalam penilaian kemungkinan bisa terjadi. Perbedaan yang signifikan ditemukan pada kompetensi keterampilan. Kompetensi keterampilan yang ditampilkan peserta dengan profesi dokter lebih unggul dbanding peserta dengan profesi perawat, meskipun secara umum keduanya menunjukkan nilai dengan kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan (80). Nilai uji keterampilan pada profesi dokter adalah 86,799, sedangkan pada perawat adalah 82,243.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 364, "width": 451, "height": 248, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Senada dengan itu, pada 7 (tujuh) variabel penilaian yang dievaluasi, yakni keterampilan deteksi dini kegawatdaruratan sesuai kasus, keterampilan melakukan triage , penatalaksanaan asuhan medis/keperawatan (sesuai profesi), tatalaksana kegawatdaruratan, melakukan rujukan dan pendokumentasian, juga terlihat perbedaan antadua profesi. Profesi dokter lebih unggul dibanding profesi perawat. Hal ini mungkin disebabkan situasi pada saat ujian kasus di mana peserta pelatihan yang berprofesi sebagai dokter berperan sebagai ketua tim yang bertugas mengarahkan tim, menentukan diagnosa, tata laksana, serta rujukan. Perbedaan nilai yang mencolok ini menunjukkan kemampuan peserta dokter lebih unggul dan karenanya diharapkan mampu memimpin tim kesehatan di kloternya dalam menjalankan tugas sebagai TKH kloter dengan sebaik – baiknya. Evaluasi merupakan salah satu komponen penting dalam siklus penyelenggaraan pelatihan. Tahapan ini penting karena memberikan umpan balik, mendapatkan data dalam perbaikan program (termasuk strategi penyelenggaraan pelatihan), menentukan apakah suatu program pelatihan harus dihentikan atau tetap dilanjutkan, dan untuk memberikan justiﬁkasi value (nilai program pelatihan) (Munajatisari, 2014). Kirkpatrick melalui teorinya The Four Levels Techniques for Evaluating Training Programs menjelaskan 4 (empat) tingkat/level dalam evaluasi pelatihan, yaitu: Level 1: Reaction , Level 2: Learning , Level 3: Behavior dan Level 4: Result . Evaluasi hasil belajar peserta dalam bentuk uji kompetensi yang dilakukan pada Pelatihan TKHK temasuk evaluasi level 2: pembelajaran ( learning ) (Munajatisari, 2014). Evaluasi pada tingkat ini mengukur sejauh mana peserta memahami materi pelatihan yang disampaikan dalam tiga domain kompetensi yakni knowledge , skill , dan attitude . Evaluasi pada level ini menekankan pada seberapa jauh peningkatan kompetensi dari pembelajaran ( learning ) yang diperoleh melalui pelatihan (Ramli, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 614, "width": 451, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyelenggaraan pelatihan yang efektif diharapkan mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan ( knowledge ), keterampilan ( skill ), dan tingkah laku ( attitude ) peserta latih sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisasi. Pencapaian tujuan penyelenggaraan pelatihan yang efektif harus didukung metode pelatihan yang sesuai dan relevan yang tidak hanya memperhatikan unsur efektivitas, melainkan juga unsur biaya (Munajatisari, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 667, "width": 450, "height": 104, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep model pembelajaran menurut Trianto adalah suatu perencanaan atau pola yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam merencanakan pembelajaran di kelas atau pembelajaran tutorial. Model pembelajaran mengacu pada pendekatan pembelajaran yang akan digunakan, termasuk di dalamnya tujuan – tujuan pengajaran, tahap – tahap dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, lingkungan pembelajaran, dan pengelolaan kelas (Afandi dkk, 2013). Sedangkan metode pembelajaran menurut Djamarah SB adalah suatu cara yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, metode diperlukan oleh fasilitator agar penggunaanya bervariasi sesuai tujuan yang ingin dicapai setelah pengajaran berakhir (Indrawati, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 203, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "  Andragogi: Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 789, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "188  Desy Ariani Gultom ( Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 77, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari konsep pembelajaran, model pembelajaran dapat didefinisikan sebagai prosedur atau pola sistematis yang digunakan sebagai pedoman untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Di dalamnya terdapat strategi, teknik, metode, bahan, media dan alat penilaian pembelajaran. Sedangkan metode pembelajaran adalah cara atau tahapan yang digunakan dalam interaksi antara peserta latih dan fasilitator/pelatih untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan sesuai dengan materi dan mekanisme metode pembelajaran. Metode pembelajaran adalah cara yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan rencana yang sudah disusun dalam bentuk kegiatan nyata dan praktis untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, seperti ceramah, demonstrasi diskusi, simulasi, laboratorium dan lain-lain (Indrawati, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 179, "width": 450, "height": 50, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelatihan TKHK Embarkasi Batam Tahun 2023 dilakukan secara blended learning yang menggabungkan metode pembelajaran secara online dan klasikal tatap muka. Pembelajaran empat MPI yang diuji pada uji kompetensi dilakukan melalui pembelajaran secara online melalui Zoom meeting dan klasikal dengan metode ceramah interaktif, diskusi, role play dan simulasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 232, "width": 451, "height": 103, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum, hasil uji kompetensi menunjukkan metode yang dilakukan cukup efektif. Pengamatan di lapangan selama kegiatan pelatihan berlangsung, soal kasus yang diberikan pada waktu diskusi, role play dan simulasi diketahui sudah cukup relevan dengan kasus – kasus yang umum terjadi pada penyelenggaraan haji dan akan ditemukan oleh petugas TKH Kloter. Hanya saja, wawancara denga peserta latih dan fasilitator, penggunaan metode diskusi, role play dan simulasi secara online melalui Zoom meeting dirasa kurang optimal dibandingkan dengan tatap muka karena sulit untuk mengamati gerak tubuh dan interaksi dengan rekan sejawat. Perlu diperhitungkan lagi pembagian struktur program materi yang dilakukan secara online dan tatap muka sesuai metode yang dilakukan serta kompetensi yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 350, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 364, "width": 451, "height": 129, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kompetensi soft skill sebesar 88,61 pada profesi dokter dan 86,46 pada profesi perawat. Nilai ini masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal yang ditetapkan, yaitu 80. Tidak ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan pada kompetensi soft skill baik antara peserta profesi dokter maupun perawat. Nilai uji keterampilan/praktik pada profesi dokter adalah 86,799, sedangkan pada perawat adalah 82,243. Nilai masuk dalam kriteria baik dan di atas nilai minimal 80. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kompetensi keterampilan di mana peserta profesi dokter lebih unggul dbanding peserta dengan profesi perawat. Saran penulis untuk peningkatan pencapaian kompetensi serta kelancaran pelaksanaan pelatihan adalah dilakukannya analisis kembali terhadap struktur program pembelajaran secara blended terutama presentasi JPL pada kegiatan penugasan dengan metode diskusi, role play dan simulasi yang dilakukan secara online karena dirasa kurang optimal dibandingkan dengan tatap muka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 38, "width": 59, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2620-5009 e-ISSN 2623-1190", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 320, "top": 38, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andragogi : Jurnal Diklat Teknis Pendidikan dan Keagamaan Vol. 11, No. 2, Desember 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 266, "top": 789, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desy Ariani Gultom (Analisis Hasil Uji Kompetensi pada Peserta Pelatihan … )  189", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 272, "top": 74, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 116, "width": 450, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Afandi, M., Chamalah, E., Wardani, O P. 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d7acf54b-abd0-1da6-3301-0fa93680be1f

https://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jes/article/download/4983/2740

[ { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 394, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 132, "width": 226, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ni Putu Isha Aprinica Institut Pariwisata dan Bisnis Internasional [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 218, "width": 80, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History: First Received:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 218, "width": 412, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "04/11/2021 Final Revision: 14/12/2021 Available online: 30/12/2021 Abstract. The writing of words in print media advertisements is certainly influenced by the elements and structures of its own discourse. This study analyzes the elements and structures of cosmetic advertising discourse used by cosmetic manufacturers in promoting their products. The research approach used in this research is qualitative research by taking samples from Maybelline cosmetic advertisements contained in Seventeen Magazine 2012. Based on the analysis of elements and structures contained in Maybelline cosmetic advertisements, the elements used in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements are verbal elements and visual elements. while the structure of the discourse that appears is the opening, the content and the closing. Keywords: Cosmetic Advertising, Discourse Analysis, Element &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 190, "top": 399, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Structure", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 426, "width": 209, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jos.unsoed.ac.id/index.php/jes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "One of the discourse-forming structures as a whole consists of an introduction, content and closing which must be arranged in such a way as to form a complete and interesting discourse (Sobur, 2001:73). A discourse has a basic framework that includes the arrangement or series of structures or elements in forming a unified coherent form. So, it can be concluded that the series of structures is the plot of a discourse. In this case the series of structures are the opening, the content and the closing. Although broadly speaking, the structure of the discourse consists of the three structures above, but it is different from the structure of the discourse of cosmetic advertising which does not only consist of text, but also consists of images or visual elements. This causes discourse analysis on cosmetic advertisements to be more complex than discourse analysis on a text.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 610, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cosmetic advertisements in Seventeen magazine were chosen because this print magazine is a magazine that is intended for women from adolescence to adulthood where there is more information about beauty than other information, such as news information or the latest gossip. In this case, the discourse of cosmetic advertising has characteristics and elements in which these elements cannot be separated from one another.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the cosmetic advertising discourse in Seventeen magazine, there are elements that build an advertising discourse in which these elements cannot be separated from one another. When an advertising discourse is formed, these elements build a blend that is certainly cohesive and coherent. In addition, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "61 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "building elements of an advertising discourse have their respective functions or roles, this linguistic phenomenon that researchers want to examine.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The selection of cosmetic advertisements as data for this research is because the researcher realizes that there is a significant difference between news discourse and cosmetic advertising discourse. Most of the news discourse, only uses a few visual elements in it, usually the visual element used in news discourse is an image of the event being reported or the character being reported.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, we discussed in more depth the structure contained in the cosmetic advertising discourse, where each of these structures has important parts in the advertising discourse. As described in the theoretical basis, in general an advertisement has several parts, namely headline, illustration(s), body copy, signature line, and standing details. These sections have their own place in the discourse structure of cosmetic advertisements. The structural parts of cosmetic advertisements in the discourse structure have different characteristics from other discourses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse analysis is an investigation of a much wider scope of form and function of what is said and written (Yule, 1996:143). Mulyana said that discourse is a series of interrelated sentences, which connect propositions with one another in a unified meaning (2005: 5) (see also Aprinica: 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse classification is needed to understand, describe and analyze discourse appropriately. Aprinica (2016:15) sorts out discourse based on several aspects, namely form, media, number of speakers and nature. However, based on research needs, the discourse classification used is only discourse classification based on form and style and purpose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 428, "height": 169, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyana (2005:47-50,63-66) divides discourse into 6 (six) types, namely: narrative discourse, expository, hortatory, epistolic, and dramatic. Narrative discourse is a form of discourse that is widely used to tell a story. The form of narrative discourse generally begins with the opening paragraph, content, and closing. Procedural discourse is a discourse that is used to provide instructions or information on how something should be done. Expository discourse is discourse that explains something informatively and the language it uses tends to be denotative and rational. Hortatory discourse is a discourse that is used to influence listeners or readers to be interested in the opinions expressed. The last is dramatic discourse, the discourse is a form of discourse that contains conversations between speakers and as much as possible avoids or minimizes the nature of the narrative in it (see also Aprinica: 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 428, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sobur (2001:73) in the theory of discourse structure says that there are three main structures of the discourse analysis framework, namely: macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure (see also Aprinica: 2016). According to Halliday, the integrity of the discourse structure is closer in meaning as a meaningful (semantic) unity than as a form (syntax) (Mulyana, 2005:25). A series of sentences is said to be a discourse structure if there is an emotional (meaningful) relationship between one part and another. A complete discourse is a discourse that contains integrated and unified aspects, namely elements of cohesion and elements of coherence. The cohesion element includes grammatical, lexical, phonological aspects, while the coherence element includes semantic aspects and topicalization aspects (Aprinica, 2016: 19) (see also mulayawan: 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The data that used in this study are cosmetic advertisements in the 2012 edition of Seventeen Magazine. The selected cosmetic advertisements are advertisements that display cosmetic products which are products used on the face. This cosmetic product is not a product that is used to clean the face but is a cosmetic product that functions to add to the user's beauty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 169, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research approach used in this study is qualitative research by taking samples from cosmetic advertisements in the 2012 edition of Seventeen Magazine. The data collection used in this research were the selected cosmetic advertisements which are cosmetics products used on the face. Data collection was done descriptively, and the data obtained were in the form of words, pictures and not numbers. Sampling of cosmetic advertisements contained in the English language Seventeen magazine and no sampling from other communities. Researchers use the documentation method as a data collection method. The data analyzed in this study are cosmetic advertisements contained in the English language Seventeen magazine. The magazine was chosen because in Seventeen magazine there are various advertisements that attract the attention of the girls, including cosmetic advertisements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 143, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1 Elements of Print Advertising Based on the Media", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the media, there are two main elements, namely verbal elements and non-verbal elements or visual elements. These two elements form a harmonious coherence and cohesion in forming an advertisement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 437, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Verbal Element", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The verbal element in an advertising discourse is an element that has the function of explaining a product through words or writing. The information to be conveyed by the producer is poured through verbal elements. Mulyawan explained that verbal analysis is an analysis that uses linguistic elements such as lexical and grammatical elements. The analysis is an analysis of the cohesion of a text (2005, p25). Halliday and Hasan (1976) distinguish cohesive devices into two parts, namely grammatical cohesion devices and lexical cohesion devices (see also Mulyawan, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse on cosmetic product advertisements uses a lot of verbal elements in it. This is because there is a lot of information that producers want to convey through these cosmetic advertisements. Verbal elements in cosmetic advertising discourse can consist of several words or several sentences. For example, in Sally Hansen's advertisement, the advertisement consists of three main structures of advertising discourse, namely opening, content, and closing. In the opening structure the verbal element is shown in the sentence:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 662, "width": 230, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(A1) “NEW! A stroke of moisturizing genius!” (A2) “Moisture twist 2 -in- 1 primer + color”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 690, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both sentences are opening sentences that function as an introduction or product introduction. While the second structure is the content structure, which consists of two parts, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "63 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(A3) “Prime & color lips in just one moisturizing twist. The primer sets a smooth, super moisturizing base for flawlessly smoot h shiny lips.” (A4) “+30% more moisture, instantly. Conditioning formula has jojoba, sunflower & Moroccan argan oils. Non-sticky, weightless feel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 141, "width": 429, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Each of these sections consists of two or more sentences, which are related information about the content or advantages of the product. The last structure is the closing structure, which is a structure that only consists of a few words, namely: (A5) “10 Luminous shades” (A6) “Beauty that works”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 212, "width": 429, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Both parts are closing words which are additional information about the product. When an advertisement does not have a complete advertisement discourse structure, then one part of the discourse structure of the advertisement will use more verbal elements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 268, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Visual Element", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Visual elements or non-verbal elements are elements that function to mix and match a certain verbal element using images or icons so that the advertisement can form a cohesive and coherent advertising discourse. icon is a marker that displays the condition of reality it represents. Visual elements are usually included in the illustration advertising structure, in cosmetic advertising discourse visual elements are usually in the form of pictures of cosmetic products and photos of women. The visual elements that are highlighted in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements vary according to the cosmetic product being advertised. For example, advertisement for an eyeshadow cosmetic product, the visual elements that are more highlighted are the eyes of the advertising model or for example an advertisement for an eyeliner product that shows the eye line more.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 428, "height": 239, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Every visual element contained in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements is mostly a visualization of the verbal elements in the advertisement. This is evidenced by the advertisements for cosmetic products that use women as the advertising model for these products. For example, in the Master Precise Maybelline ad, this ad is an eyeliner ad, which is a cosmetic product that can thicken the eye line on the eyelids, eyeliner is a beauty product that is often used by some women, because this product can make the eyes look bigger and more beautiful. Judging from its function, the visual element used is an image of a female model whose eyes are drawn using Maybelline's precise master product. There are three main components of visual elements, namely images of cosmetic products and two images of the same woman used in this advertisement. The image of the female model has a different style, namely first, in the form of an image of a woman's face that only shows half of her face, the model positions her face obliquely. He uses eyeliner cosmetic products from Master Precise products, not only using them in the eyes but also crossing the eyelids and adding images such as tattoo designs. and the second picture is a picture of a female model as a whole, the whole thing here is that the model not only shows her face but also half of her body.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 341, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The model is wearing a black dress and blonde hair. The style used by the model is sitting sideways so that it shows the side of her face that uses eyeliner. The first image has a function to show and introduce eyeliner products, this can be seen from the clarification of the eyes of the model using Master Precise products. While the second picture shows the final result of using the product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 712, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The same thing is also found in the advertisement for cosmetic eyeshadow products, in the advertisement there are three main components of visual elements,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "65 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "namely two images of female models and images of the product. The first image is an image of the model's face which is only shown in half, but unlike the Master Precise product ad, this ad model does not use a sideways style but faces the reader with his eyes closed. The model closes his eyes so that the reader can see clearly and thoroughly the colors displayed by the product. The color of the eyeshadow or eyelid dye used by the model is purple, which if you look closely the color fades at the top. While the second image is the overall image of the model's face. The model is wearing a white dress and is standing and facing the camera. In both the first and second pictures, the model does not use brightly colored lipstick. The model uses a pale pink lipstick that almost matches her skin tone. This is so that readers can concentrate more on the color of the model's eyelids.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 428, "height": 84, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The use of model images that only show half of their faces is also found in the New Dream Bouncy advertising product. In the advertisement, only two visual elements are used, namely the image of the model's face which is only shown halfway and the product image being advertised. The model does not use dye on her eyelids but uses rouge on her cheeks. The model is styled as if she is applying the New Dream Bouncy blush product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In contrast to cosmetic advertisements that are used on the eyes and cheeks, in lip cosmetics advertisements, the use of model images by only showing half of her face is not visible. In lip cosmetics advertisements, the visual elements used are still the same, namely female models, but the style used by these models is different from eye and cheek cosmetic product advertisements. For example, in the New Baby Lips lip balm advertisement, the advertisement uses two visual elements, namely the image of a woman and the image of the advertised product. The image of the female model in the advertisement using lip balm from the advertised product with the color displayed is a pale pink color. The female model is styled facing forward while holding a note containing information related to the New Baby Lips product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The use of visual elements in cosmetic advertising discourse is an element that must exist in advertisements. This makes the visual element has its own portion in the discourse of cosmetic advertising. The portion also depends on the type of cosmetic product advertised. As has been explained above regarding the visual elements in eye cosmetic products, in lip cosmetic product advertisements, the portion of the visual elements used is slightly different. In the advertisement of lip cosmetic products, namely lipstick and lip balm, the visual element that is mostly used is the image of the variation of the product. As seen in Sally Hansen's Moisture Twist cosmetic ad. In the advertisement, only one image of a woman is used, while there are many product images of the lipstick. This indicates that manufacturers want to highlight the color variations of these cosmetic products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 620, "width": 323, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Cohesion and Coherence of Verbal and Non-Verbal Elements", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In cosmetic advertising discourse, there are two mutually cohesive and coherent elements, namely verbal elements and non-verbal elements. The verbal element in an advertising discourse is an element that has the function of explaining a product through words or writing. The information to be conveyed by the producer is poured through verbal elements. Mulyawan explained that verbal analysis is an analysis that uses linguistic elements such as lexical and grammatical elements. The analysis is an analysis of the cohesion of a text (2005, p25). Halliday and Hasan (1976) distinguish cohesive devices into two parts, namely grammatical", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cohesion devices and lexical cohesion devices (see also Mulyawan, 2005). The verbal element also functions to explain something related to the quality of cosmetic products that cannot be explained by non-verbal elements, for example in the New Covergirl Blastflipstick ad, in which the ad contains the following sentence: (C1) “Creamy color on one side” (C2) “Shimmery color on the flip side”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The two sentences are explanations or information about the quality of the New Covergirl Blastflipstick cosmetic product. The quality is in the form of a thick color on one side and a shiny color on the other. Usually, the body copy ad structure is a structure that talks more about the quality of the advertised product. However, it is undeniable that in the structure of the headline advertisement there is also an explanation of one of the qualities of cosmetic products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For example, in the New Color Tatoo advertisement, the headline in the advertisement contains the sentence \"Dare to wear our longest-lasting shadow\". The phrase \"longest-lasting\" is a phrase that describes the quality of the eye dye which is the most durable. According to Chaer, a phrase is defined as a grammatical unit in the form of a combination of words that are non-predicative, this means that the relationship between the two elements that make up a phrase is not structured as a subject-predicate or a subject-predicate structure (2012, P222). Some cosmetic advertising discourses often use a combination of several phrases to be used in the headline, for example in the New Super Stay 10hr Stain Gloss advertisement which uses the phrases \"lasting color\" and \"vibran sheen\". The phrase shows information about the product having a long-lasting color and vivid sheen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 409, "width": 428, "height": 267, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meanwhile, visual elements or non-verbal elements are elements that function to interpret certain verbal elements using images or icons. icon is a marker that displays the condition of reality it represents. Visual elements are usually included in the illustration advertising structure, in cosmetic advertising discourse visual elements are usually in the form of pictures of cosmetic products and photos of women. The visual elements that are highlighted in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements vary according to the cosmetic product being advertised. For example, an advertisement for an eyeshadow cosmetic product, the visual elements that are more highlighted are the eyes of the advertising model or for example an advertisement for an eyeliner product that shows the eye line more. Whereas in lip cosmetic advertisements, models use lipstick or lip balm from the advertised product, so that the non-verbal element that is more highlighted is the lip color of the model. Often when an eye cosmetic, such as eyeshadow or eye color and eyeliner or eyeliner, the advertiser focuses on the eyes of the model, the model will not use other cosmetics or use cosmetics that do not stand out. Likewise, if the advertisement is an advertisement for lip cosmetics, the model will not use other cosmetics or use a more neutral or calm cosmetic color. This is intended so that readers stay focused on the advertised product, so that the message that the advertiser wants to convey to the reader can be conveyed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cohesion and coherence in verbal and non-verbal elements are needed when a cosmetic advertising discourse does not have a balance between verbal and nonverbal elements. The imbalance can be in the form of more verbal elements than non-verbal elements or vice versa. This imbalance is found in several cosmetic advertisements, for example in the New Rimmel Kate cosmetic advertisement, in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "67 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "which the non-verbal elements are more prominent than the verbal elements. This is evidenced by the lack of verbal elements contained in the advertisement. The verbal element contained in the advertisement only appears in the structure of the headline and signature line, the verbal element shown in the structure of the headline advertisement is in the form of a sentence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 214, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.2 Discourse Structure of Cosmetic Ads", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 183, "width": 57, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Opener", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The opening structure in advertising discourse is a structure that has a function as an \"introduction\" or structure that introduces the advertisement to the public. So that in this structure there are several parts of the advertising structure, namely headlines and illustration(s).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 254, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Headlines", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 268, "width": 429, "height": 84, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Headline is the opening part of an advertisement; it can be said that it is the headline that makes readers of print ads feel interested in seeing an advertisement. For example, in Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetic advertisement, the researcher found that if there were three sentences that opened the advertisement, they were: (C1) “Lots of lashes, lots of impact. Not a lot of mess.”(more lashes, stronger impact, no mess).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 352, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C2) “An innovation from Great Lash” (the latest innovat ion from Great Lash products).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 381, "width": 355, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C3) “New lots of lashes mascara” (new, mascara with more brushes).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From sentence (C1) it can be seen that the word \"lots\" which means \"many\" is used more than once. This gives a first impression that can attract the attention of readers so that they are interested in reading the entire cosmetic ad. While sentence (C2) contains one of the opening information that the producer wants to convey, namely that this product is one of the latest innovations from Great Lash products. This is marked by the word \"innovation\" which means \"renewal\". Sentence (C3) is the name of the latest product from Great Lash, this is indicated by the word “new” which confirms that the product is indeed the newest product from Great Lash.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition to the sentence in the headline in the form of an opening information sentence in the discourse of cosmetic advertisements, the headline can also be in the form of a sentence of command and a slogan. As in the ad \"New Baby Lips Maybelline\". In this ad there is an opening sentence as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 563, "width": 244, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C4) “Read my lips: NO MORE BASIC LIP BALM”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 578, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C5) “Give me visible lip renewal + 8 - hr hydration”(give me visible lip renewal + eight hours of moisture)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The sentence \"read my lips\" in example (10) is an example of a commanding sentence contained in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement, the sentence is expected to attract the attention of readers to focus on the lips of the model. While the phrase \"NO MORE BASIC LIP BALM\" is the slogan of the product \"New Baby Lips Maybelline\".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 676, "width": 138, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Illustration(s) Headline", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 690, "width": 429, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Illustration(s) is the background of an ad that provides Illustration(s) of the ad. Illustration(s) in this case is an image that represents the words that are part of the headline. For example in the Great Lash cosmetic ad, Illustration is shown by an image, which is a visual image of eyes that have thick and many eyelashes. This", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "image represents the first sentence of the headline, “Lots of lashes, lots of impact. Not a lot of mess.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "However, unlike the advertisement for new baby lips, in this advertisement the illustration is shown with a verbal element, namely the sentence “new baby lips: spf 20 lip moisturizing balm”. This sentence aims to explain the moisture provided by the product \"new baby lips\", the illustration structure part in the advertisement is indicated by the word \"moisturizing\" which means moisturizing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 198, "width": 65, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Contents", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Content is the structure of advertising discourse that can be said to be the core of an advertisement. Content also serves to provide information about the characteristics of the advertised product. The body can consist of body copy and Illustration(s).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 268, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Body Copy", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Body copy is the body or content of an advertisement which contains information and messages from the advertisement. This is indicated by the phrase “Our great little grabber brush reaches even the tiniest lashes. So you can easily create masses of lashes, minus the mess. Great!”(Our small holder brush reaches even the tiniest lashes. So you can easily create thick lashes without mess. Great!). The sentence provides information about Maybelline's latest Great Lash product, namely the advantages of the product and what the product can do.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Like in Maybelline's great lash advertisement, in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement, the body copy cosmetic advertisement structure in the content advertisement discourse structure contains the main information of the advertised product. In Maybelline's new baby lips ad, there are several informational sentences, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 451, "width": 429, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C6) “THE SECRET: EXCLUSIVE LIP RENEW FORMULA” ( Secret: a new formula for soft and beautiful lips).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 479, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C7) “With SPF 20 protection, our exclusive clinically tested formula moisturizes lips for a full 8 hours.” (with SPF 20 protection, our new moisturizing formula can protect lips for eight hours).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 521, "width": 334, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C8) “After 4 weeks, lips are visibly renewed, completely reborn”. (C9) “Available in 6 varieties”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From sentence (C6) it can be seen that the word \"the secret\" which means \"secret\" in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement is written in big letters and in bold, this indicates that the manufacturer wants readers to be interested in the secret of the product. This is supported by the sentence \"exclusive lip renew formula\" written in capital letters, the sentence implies that in the latest product from Maybelline's new baby lips there is a new formula that can provide beautiful and moist lips.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "While sentences (C7) and (C8) are informational sentences containing the content contained in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement and the results that will be obtained from regular use for four weeks. The sentence (C9) “Available in 6 varieties” can be seen written in pink and in bold, this represents the color of Maybelline's new baby lips lip balm, so that readers can imagine the color of the lip balm. In addition, the sentence provides information that the product is available in six variations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "69 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although most of the body copy in the structure of the content of advertising discourse uses verbal elements. However, in Maybelline's new baby lips advertisement, the advertiser also uses visual elements in conveying information related to the advertised product. This is indicated by the use of a table accompanied by information about the changes that occur while using the product from Maybelline's new baby lips and a picture of the lips that shows the difference between before and after using Maybelline's new baby lips product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 183, "width": 429, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Body copy as the main information provider regarding the quality of cosmetic products is found in almost all cosmetic advertisements. In addition to Maybelline's new baby lips product advertisement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 226, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Illustration(s) Body Copy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Illustration(s) are not only found in the opening structure, but also in the body structure. The illustration(s) on Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetic advertisement are shown through the image of Maybelline's Great Lash product and the brush bristles contained in the product. This represents information from the sentences contained in the body copy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 428, "height": 127, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Like Maybelline's great lash advertisement, Maybelline's new baby lips cosmetic advertisement also uses illustrations in the form of images of Maybelline's new baby lips products. This is so that readers can know the shape of Maybelline's new baby lips product. Likewise with the \"Blast flipstick covergirl\" ad, this ad uses product images as an illustration of the structure of the content, but in this ad the product image is intended to describe the color choices available on the “Blast flipstick covergirl” product. This is because there is little infor mation that is conveyed verbally in the structure of the content so that producers feel the need to display these images.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 451, "width": 55, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Closing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The closing is basically in the form of the latest information related to the company where the advertisement is made, but it is also possible that the cover contains product information contained in the advertisement. The cover has a function as the end of an advertising discourse, the cover usually contains a slogan or the name of the company making the advertising product, besides that the cover also represents the end result of the use of cosmetic products to the advertising model. So that in this structure there are illustrations, standing details, and Signature Lines.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 578, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Illustration", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 428, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Illustration can also be found in the cover structure, this can be seen in Maybelline's great lash advertisement shown in the image of a female model who has used make-up that focuses on eye make-up so that readers can see that the model is wearing Maybelline's greatlash product. Like Maybelline's great lash advert, Maybelline's new baby lips ad also uses a visual image of a female model as an illustration, what's different is that the model doesn't use makeup on her face but only uses lip balm from Maybelline's new baby lips product. This is so that readers can see the results of using the product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 704, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Standing Details", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standing details are the foot or cover of an advertisement, which is usually found at the bottom or end of the advertisement. This section is usually in the form", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 36, "width": 389, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Discourse Analysis of Cosmetic Maybelline Advertising – Ni Putu Isha Aprinica (page.60-72) 70", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 56, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of additional information related to the advertised product such as company address, information center, and others. An example of standing details on Maybelline's great lash cosmetic ad is shown by (C10) “Maybelline.com”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 141, "width": 253, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C11) “Find us on the facebook for special offers”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 155, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "All three are additional information about the company's address and where buyers can find the product. But in addition to the three information, there is also information related to the model, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 198, "width": 429, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C12) “Julia is wearing new baby lips.” (Jul ia uses new baby lips products) (C13) “Lip balm in quenched.” ( Satisfactory use of lip balm) (C14) “©2012 maybelline LLC.” (C15) “Based on a clinical study after 4 weeks of use.” ( Based on research from use for four weeks).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sentences (C12), (C13), and (C14) are sentences that contain information about the model’s name and the fact that the model uses Maybelline's new baby lips product. In addition, the sentence also contains information that there is a study that examines how lip changes occur by using products from Maybelline's new baby lips for four weeks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 338, "width": 429, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standing details also appear in the Sally Hansen Moisture Twist advertisement, similar to Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetics ad, the use of standing details is indicated by the sentence", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 381, "width": 295, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C16) “Model is wearing Moisture Twist in fuchsia fusion” (C17) “Sallyhansen.com” (C18) “Based on consumer perception”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As in Maybelline's Great Lash cosmetic advertisement, sentences (C16), (C17) and (C18) are sentences that contain information that the model in the Sally Hansen Moisture Twist advertisement uses the cosmetic product.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 465, "width": 93, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Signature Line", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 428, "height": 70, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The signature line or logo is the display of the advertised product along with the price, slogan or brand (trade mark) of the advertised cosmetic product company. In cosmetic advertisements, the Signature line or logo is usually found at the bottom of the advertisement. The following is an example of a signature line or logo found in a cosmetic advertisement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Maybelline advertising products, such as in the advertisement for new dream bouncy blush or new super stay 10hour stain gloss, there are several examples of signature lines or logos, namely", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 592, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C19) “Maybelline New york”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 606, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(C20) “Maybe she's born with it. Maybe its Maybelline” (maybe he was born that way. Maybe it's because of Maybelline).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 428, "height": 98, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sentence (C19) is a brand of Maybelline cosmetic products while sentence (C20) is Maybelline's slogan sentence which reflects that woman can look as beautiful as models because they are born that beautiful, but women can also be beautiful because women use products from Maybelline. The choice of the word maybe in the slogan is a characteristic that producers want to display about Maybelline products. The use of repetition or repetition of forms in the advertisement is intended to make readers more familiar with Maybelline products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 36, "width": 340, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "71 J-Lalite: Journal of English Studies Vol.2, No.2, December, 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 430, "height": 70, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the analysis of the elements and structures of cosmetic advertising discourse there are two elements of cosmetic advertising discourse, namely verbal elements and non-verbal elements. The verbal element in an advertising discourse is an element that has the function of explaining a product through words or writing. The information to be conveyed by the producer is poured through verbal elements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The imbalance can be in the form of more verbal elements than non-verbal elements or vice versa. The verbal elements contained in the advertisement only appear in the structure of the headline and signature line. the sentence in the ad structure only serves as an opening and providing initial information and as a closing of the ad.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 428, "height": 141, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this case the series of structures are the opening, the content and the closing. Although broadly speaking, the structure of the discourse consists of the three structures above, but it is different from the structure of the discourse of cosmetic advertising which does not only consist of text, but also consists of images or visual elements. This causes discourse analysis on cosmetic advertisements to be more complex than discourse analysis on a text. In general, an advertisement has several parts, namely headline, illustration(s), body copy, signature line, and standing details. These sections have their own place in the discourse structure of cosmetic advertisements. The structural parts of cosmetic advertisements in the discourse structure have different characteristics from other discourses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 409, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aprinica, Ni Putu Isha. 2016. Wacana Iklan Kosmetik Berbahasa Inggris (Studi Kasus Pada Majalah Seventeen). Yogyakarta. Universitas Gadjah Mada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 370, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Curme, George O. 1966. English Grammar . New York: Brnes & Noble Inc.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 493, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dhianari, Ni Made. 2011. Ragam Bahasa Kaskus . 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Kompas Gramedia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Larson, Mildred L. 1998. Meaning Based Translation, A Guide to Across Language Equivalence . New York: University Press of America", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Leech, Geoffrey. 1981. Semantics: The Study of Meaning Second Edition . Middlesex: Penguin Books Ltd.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 427, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mahsun. 2005. Metode Penelitian Bahasa: Tahapan Strategi, Metode, dan Tekniknya. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 282, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manik, Sondang. 2004. Pengkajian Semantik Pada Bahasa Gaul. Medan: USU Press Mulyana. 2005. Kajian Wacana (Teori, Metode dan Aplikasi Prinsip-Prinsip Analisis Wacana) . Yogyakarta. Tiara Wacana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyawan, I Wayan. 2005. Wacana Iklan Komersial Media Cetak (Kajian Hipersemiotika). Denpasar: Universitas Udayana. Tesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nasution, S.1992. Metode Penelitian Naturalistik-Kualitatif, cet. 2. Bandung: Tarsito Nurhikmawati, Agita Risma. 2013. Analisis Semiotika Sosial Iklan Cetak Parfum dalam Majalah Cosmopolitan . Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada. Tesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parera, Jos Daniel. 1982. Pengantar Linguistik Umum; Bidang Sintaksis . Ende-Flores: Penerbit Nusa Indah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peirce, C.S. 1977. Semiotics and Significs . Ed Charles Hardwick. Bloomington I.N.: Indiana University Press", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 387, "height": 43, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ramlan, M. 1987. Ilmu Bahasa Indonesia: Sintaksis. Yogyakarta: C.V Karyono Sobur, Alex. 2001. Analisi Teks Media . Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wijana, I Dewa Putu. dan Rohmadi, Muhammad. 2008. Semantik: Teori dan Analisis . Surakarta: Yuma Pustaka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 331, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yule, George. 1996. Pragmatics . Oxford: Oxford University Press.", "type": "Text" } ]

38b6124a-2109-f711-6b69-5502030f35da

https://jurnal.uns.ac.id/region/article/download/12118/12392

[ { "left": 111, "top": 88, "width": 361, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "T INGKAT K ESIAPAN K AWASAN I NDUSTRI T ERAS -M OJOSONGO K ABUPATEN B OYOLALI S EBAGAI K AWASAN G REEN I NDUSTRY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 181, "top": 135, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "G ALUH S RI U NTARI 1 P ROGRAM S TUDI P ERENCANAAN W ILAYAH DAN K OTA F AKULTAS T EKNIK U", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 208, "top": 170, "width": 172, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NIVERSITAS S EBELAS M ARET , S URAKARTA email : [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 258, "top": 203, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A NA HA RDIANA 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 216, "width": 218, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ROGRAM S TUDI P ERENCANAAN W ILAYAH DAN K OTA F", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 201, "top": 228, "width": 127, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKULTAS T EKNIK U", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 181, "top": 239, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NIVERSITAS S EBELAS M ARET , S URAKARTA R UFIA A NDISETYANA P UTRI 3 P ROGRAM S TUDI P ERENCANAAN W ILAYAH DAN K OTA F", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 201, "top": 285, "width": 127, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKULTAS T EKNIK U", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 208, "top": 297, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NIVERSITAS S EBELAS M ARET , S URAKARTA", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 318, "width": 42, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 330, "width": 385, "height": 244, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The industrial sector is one of the leading sector in Boyolali. There are several industrial area in Boyolali, one of them is Teras-Mojosongo Industrial Area. Teras- Mojosongo Industrial Area has been designated as one of a national-scale industrial area by the Ministry of Industry which is planned to be completed at 2016. The development of industrial area can not be separated from the impact to it’s environment. Green industry is a concept of industrial area development to face environmental challenge and global economic crisis. Therefore the concept of green industry should be applied in the development of Teras- Mojosongo Industrial Area. This concern has to increase industrial economic growth and preserve environment. The question on this research is to know the readiness of Teras-Mojosongo Indutsrial Area as green industry area seen from characteristic (1) green plan, (2) green process, (3) green management, and (4) green policy. This research is a quantitative research using scoring analysis technique. Based on the analysis, the result shown that the level of readiness of Teras-Mojosongo industrial area as green industry area is close to ready. Therefore some of green industry characteristics that need to beimproved, such as green management characteristic and green policy characteristic. In order to increase the whole readiness of the green industrial area ind Teras-Mojosongo Boyolali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 585, "width": 359, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Environment, Green City, Green Industry, Industrial Area, Readiness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 622, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 649, "width": 211, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kota Hijau atau Green City merupakan kota yang ramah lingkungan. Ukuran dari ramah lingkungan yang dimaksud dapat berupa tingkat polusi dan emisi karbon, penggunaan energy dan air, kualitas air, volume sampah dan banyaknya daur ulang, prosentase ruang terbuka hijau, serta alih fungsi lahan pertanian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 623, "width": 211, "height": 77, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[Meadows, 1999; Brugmann,1999]. Kota Hijau memiliku 8 atribut meliputi Green Planning and Design, Green Open Space, Green Waste, Green Transportation, Green Water, Green Energy, Green Building, dan Green Community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 713, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep kota hijau terus mengalami perkembangan salah satunya adalah konsep Green Industry . Green industry", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 207, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "muncul karena adanya keinginan manusia untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi namun tetap memperhatikan kelestarian lingkungan. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian Nomor 05/M-IND/PER/1/2011 tentang Program Penganugrahan Penghargaaan Industri Hijau, yang dimaksud dengan Industri Hijau ( Green Industry ) merupakan industri berwawasan lingkungan yang menyelaraskan pertumbuhan dengan kelestarian lingkungan hidup mengutamakan efisiensi dan efektivitas penggunaan sumber daya alam serta bermanfaat bagi masyarakat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 305, "width": 211, "height": 297, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Industri sendiri merupakan sektor cepat tumbuh dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Selain itu, industri juga merupakan sektor dengan penggunaan sumber daya dan energy terbesar dan penghasil limbah dalam jumlah banyak. Maka dari itu, Kementrian Perindustrian memilih konsep green industry sebagai konsep wajib dalam pengembangan kawasan industri di Indonesia [Kemenperin, 2012]. Kecamatan Teras-Mojosongo merupakan kawasan industri yang ditetapkan Pemerintah Boyolali melalui Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah Kabupaten Boyolali tahun 2011-2031. Kawasan ini juga telah ditunjuk oleh Kementrian Perindustrian sebagai salah satu dari sembilan kawasan industri berskala nasional yang direncanakan penyusunan masterplannya selesai pada tahun 2016. Pengembangan kawasan industri ini direncanakan untuk menggunakan konsep kawasan green industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[Kemenperin, 2015].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mendukung konsep besar pengembangan investasi Kabupaten Boyolali, yaitu Boyolali Green City, Boyolali Water City, dan Boyolali Smart City, Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali juga menerapkan konsep Green Industry dalam pengembangan kawasan industrinya (Pemkab Boyolali, 2011). Belum tersedianya beberapa infrastruktur pendukung kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 212, "height": 207, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "khususnya akses untuk mobilisasi kegiatan industri serta jaringan pengolahan limbah, perlu menjadi perhatian khusus Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali dalam mengembangkan Kawasan Green Industry . Hal penting lainnya yang belum dipenuhi oleh Kawasan Green Industry ini adalah belum adanya manajemen khusus yang mengelola kawasan sehingga mampu melakukan manajemen dan kontroling terhadap kawasan. Melihat fakta-fakta di kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo tersebut dapat dirumuskan pertanyaan penelitian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 292, "width": 211, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Bagaimana tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Kecamatan Teras-Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali sebagai kawasan green industry ?”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 360, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 373, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Kesiapan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 400, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesiapan terjadi jika ada ketuntasan dalam rencana, ada kecukupan dan latihan dari pelaku, serta ketersediaan dukungan pelayanan atau system (Business Dictionary, 2016). Maka, terdapat 3 hal yang harus dilakukan untuk mewujudkan kesiapan:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 334, "top": 490, "width": 159, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Ketuntasan, terkait rencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 334, "top": 503, "width": 193, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Kecukupan, mampu memenuhi kebutuhan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 334, "top": 529, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Ketersediaan, berarti sudah ada", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 554, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Green City", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 581, "width": 214, "height": 169, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kota Hijau atau Green City dapat diukur melalui tingkat polusi dan emisi karbon, penggunaan energi dan air, kualitas air, volume sampah dan banyaknya daur ulang, prosentase ruang terbuka hijau, serta alih fungsi lahan pertanian [Meadows & Brugmann, 1999]. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan membangun kota lestari atau kota hijau yang didukung jaringan infrastruktur hijau, termasuk hutan-hutan kota, sebagai penyangga kehidupan kota. Kota Hijau memiliki 8 atribut,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 514, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "meliputi Green Planning and Design, Green Open Space, Green Waste, Green Transportation, Green Water, Green Energy, Green Building, dan Green Community [Joga, 2013].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kota Hijau merupakan kota yang memanfaatkan air dan energi secara efektif dan efisien; mengurangi produksi limbah; menerapkan sistem transportasi terpadu; menjamin kesehatan lingkungan; mensinergikan lingkungan alami dan buatan; berdasarkan perencanaan kota yang berpihak pada prinsip-prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan [Kementrian Pekerjaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 292, "width": 211, "height": 245, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Umum, 2011]. Kota hijau cenderung mempertahankan lahan terbuka yang ada dan membatasi pembangunan fisik sebagai upaya dalam menyeimbangkan kondisi lingkungan. Pembangunan yang dilakukan dalam kota hijau lebih terfokus pada pengembangan kualitas lingkungan serta pembangunan infrastruktur yang ramah lingkungan. Berdasarkan teori yang ada dilakukan sintesa, sehingga didapat sintesa komponen green city , meliputi Green Energy, Green Water, Green Waste, Green Open Space, Green Transportation, Green Planning an Design, dan Green Community [Meadows & Brugmann, 1999; Joga, 2013 Kementrian Pekerjaan Umum, 2011].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Kawasan Industri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 576, "width": 211, "height": 181, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kawasan industri/ Industrial Estate atau sering disebut juga Industrial Park merupakan kawasan yang dibangun pada suatu lahan dengan peruntukan sesuai untuk kegiatan ekonomi mengolah bahan baku/sumber daya industri sehingga memiliki nilai jual/nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi, baik dilihat dari lokasinya yang strategis maupun zoning kawasan yang tepat. Kawasan industri perlu didukung dengan ketersediaan infrastruktur (utilitas) yang memadai serta kemudahan dalam aksesibilitas trasportasi baik barang maupun manusia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(tenaga kerja). Suatu kawasan industri biasanya dikelola secara administrative oleh perserangan atau lembaga terkait yang berwenang [Komite Nasional Kawasan Industri Amerika Serikat/ National Industrian Zoning", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 163, "width": 125, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Committee’s USA, 1975] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 189, "width": 211, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kawasan industri merupakan suatu daerah atau kawasan yang didominasi oleh aktivitas industri. Kawasan industri biasanya dilengkapi oleh berbagai fasilitas pendukung kegiatan industri didalamnya, seperti peralatan-peralatan pabrik ( industrial plants ), laboratorium untuk pengembangan industri, bangunan perkantoran industri, bank, serta prasarana umum lainnya mencangkup perumahan, sekolah, tempat ibadah, ruang terbuka hijau, dll [ULI, 1975].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 357, "width": 211, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan teori yang ada dilakukan sintesa sehingga didapat sintesa komponen Kawasan Industri, meliputi Lahan Kawasan Industri, Infrastruktur Kawasan Industri, Manajemen Pengelola Kawasan Industri, dan Kebijakan Kawasan Industri [Komite Nasional Kawasan Industri Amerika Serikat/ National Industrian Zoning Committee’s USA, 1975; ULI, 1975].", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 499, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.4 Green Industry", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 525, "width": 212, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Green Industry merupakan salah satu akibat dari adanya usaha konservasi dan perlindungan terhadap lingkungan (Zhang, 2016). Penerapan konsep Green Industry bertujuan untuk memperbaiki kondisi lingkungan, mempromosikan kestabilan pembangunan ekonomi, menciptakan lapangan kerja pagi masyarakat, efisiensi energi, serta menciptakan masyarakat yang peduli terhadap lingkungan [Lu S., 2013].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 680, "width": 212, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan teori yang ada dilakukan sintesa sehingga didapat sintesa green industry , meliputi Green Plan, Green Process, Keterlibatan Masyarakat dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketersediaan Dokumen Lingkungan [Zhang, 2016; Lu S., 2013] 3. METODE PENELITIAN Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Kecamatan Teras-Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali sebagai kawasan green industry . Ditinjau dari variabel komponen kawasan green industry dan analisis skoring tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai kawasan green industry dengan variabel penelitian dan teknik analisis sebagai berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 304, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Variabel Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel dalam penelitian ini ada empat yaitu green plan, green process, green management, dan green policy. Dengan definisi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Definisi Variabel Kawasan Green Industry No Variabel Definisi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 429, "width": 191, "height": 65, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Green plan Green plan merupakan rencana kawasan yang berpedoman pada konsep ramah lingkungan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 453, "width": 192, "height": 165, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Yongli Zhang, 2016), yang mencangkup 3 aspek penting green city: 1. Rencana pengembangan kawasan industri hijau 2. Rencana pengembangan kawasan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau 3. Rencana pengembangan kawasan komunitas (masayrakat) hijau 2 Green process Green prosses merupakan hal- hal yang mendukung terwujudnya konsep ramah lingkungan dalam industry manufactur (Lu Yong-Long, dkk: 2015). Termasuk di dalamnya: 1. Lahan penunjang green industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 618, "width": 192, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sarana penunjang green industry 3. Prasarana penunjang green industry 4. Transportasi penunjang green industry 3 Green management Green management, meliputi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 179, "top": 685, "width": 104, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pengelola kawasan industri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 693, "width": 192, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Masyarakat sekitar kawasan industri dalam bentuk CSR Hijau 4 Green policy Green policy merupakan payung hukum kawasan green industry , yang meliputi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 199, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Variabel Definisi 1. Dokumen ijin lingkungan 2. Peraturan perundang- undangan Sumber : UNIDO (2010); Zhang Wei, Jin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 131, "width": 208, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yuguo, dan Wang Jiaping (2014); Lu S., Huang M., Su P., Tseng., Chen (2013); Yongli Zhang (2016); Kementrian Perindustrian (2011); RIPIN (2015-2035) dan Penulis (2017)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 187, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Teknik Analisis 3.2.1 Identifikasi Karakteristik Kawasan Industri Teras-Mojosongo berdasarkan Komponen Kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 238, "width": 79, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Green Industri", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 266, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis yang dilakukan dengan teknik analisis skoring bertingkat ini ada beberapa tahapan. Tahap yang pertama adalah dilakukan penilaian kesiapan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo pada tahap parameter sesuai table lampiran 1. Tahap kedua dilakukan penilaian kesiapan pada tingkat sub- variabel dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 382, "width": 197, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 = (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) − (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎ℎ) 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 410, "width": 205, "height": 345, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Interval Skoring Sub-variabel Subvariabel Skor Siap (2) Tidak Siap (1) Rencana pengembangan industri hijau (terdiri dari 3 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan industri hijau adalah 4,6-6 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan industri hijau adalah 3-4,5 Rencana pengembangan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau (terdiri dari 11 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau adalah 16,6-22 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan infrastruktur lingkungan hijau adalah 11-16,5 Rencana pengembangan komunitas/masayr akat hijau (terdiri dari 2 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan komunitas/masyr akat hijau adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter rencana pengembangan komunitas/masyr akat hijau adalah 2-3 Lahan industri (terdiri dari 2 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter lahan industri adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter lahan industri adalah 2- 3 Sarana penunjang industri (terdiri dari 5 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter sarana penunjang industri adalah 7,6-10 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter sarana penunjang industri adalah 5- 7,5 Prasarana penunjang industri (terdiri dari 4 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter prasarana Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter prasarana", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 514, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 85, "width": 199, "height": 292, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Subvariabel Skor Siap (2) Tidak Siap (1) penunjang industri adalah 6,1-8 penunjang industri adalah 4- 6 Transportasi penunjang industri (terdiri dari 2 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter transportasi penunjang industri adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter transportasi penunjang industri adalah 2- 3 Manajemen pengelola kawasan (terdiri dari 1 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari parameter manajemen pengelola kawasan adalah 2 Jika hasil skoring dari parameter manajemen pengelola kawasan adalah 1 CSR Hijau (terdiri dari 7 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter CSR Hijau adalah 10,6- 14 Jika hasil skoring dari parameter CSR Hijau adalah 7-10,5 Dokumen perijinan (terdiri dari 42 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter dokumen perijinan adalah 63,1-84 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter dokumen perijinan adalah 42-63 Peraturan perundang- undangan daerah (terdiri dari 3 parameter) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter peraturan perundang- undnagan daerah adalah 4,6-6 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter peraturan perundang- undnagan daerah adalah 3-4,5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 130, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Analisis, 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 402, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap ketiga dilakukan penilaian kesiapan pada tingkat variabel dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 197, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 = (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) − (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎ℎ)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 452, "width": 44, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑘𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑠", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 84, "width": 442, "height": 593, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Interval Skoring Variabel Variabel Skor Siap (2) Tidak Siap (1) Green plan (terdiri dari 3 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green plan adalah 4,6-6 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh seluruh subvariabel green plan adalah 3-4,5 Green process (terdiri dari 4 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green process adalah 6,1-8 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green process adalah 4- 6 Green management (terdiri dari 2 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green management adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green management adalah 2-3 Green policy (terdiri dari 2 subvariabel) Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh subvariabel green policy adalah 3,1-4 Jika hasil skoring dari seluruh parameter lahan industri adalah 2- 3 Sumber : Hasil Analisis, 2017 3.2.2 Analisis Kesiapan Kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 97, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai Kawasan Green Industri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 137, "width": 211, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara mengalikan skor kesiapan masing- masing variabel dengan bobot variabel penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 201, "width": 212, "height": 142, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bobot variabel dihitung dengan teknik weighted product (WP). Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Weighted Product (WP). WP merupakan merupakan metode pengambilan keputusan multi kriteria dengan cara perkalian untuk menghubungkan rating alternatif, dimana rating alternatif harus dipangkatkan dulu dengan bobot alternatif yang bersangkutan [Basyaib, 2006].", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 356, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan yang dilakukan (lampiran 2.), maka didapat bobot masing-masing variabel sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 404, "width": 167, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Bobot Variabel Penelitian Variabel Bobot Green plan 0,242 Green process 0,258 Green management 0,250 Green policy 0,250", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 460, "width": 130, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Analisis, 2017", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 481, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diketahui nilai kesiapan, yaitu nilai total perkalian skoring variabel dan bobot variabel, dilakukan perhitungan presentase kesiapan dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 546, "width": 211, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝑗𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) 𝑥 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 578, "width": 211, "height": 155, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya presentase kesiapan akan dibagi kedalam 3 rentang kesiapan, yaitu mendekati tidak siap, mendekati siap dan tidak siap, serta mendekati siap. Hal ini adalah upaya interpretasi hasil analisis yang dapat dipaham secara relative berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapat, bukan secara mutlak. Untuk lebih jelasnya berikut rentang masing- masing klasifikasi kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai kawasan green industry [Sugiyono, 2007]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Apabila presentase kesiapan termasuk rentang 0 – 49%, maka kesiapan kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo dinyatakan mendekati tidak siap untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan green industry Boyolali. b. Apabila presentase kesiapan termasuk rentang 50%, maka kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo dinyatakan mendekati siap dan tidak siap untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan green industry Boyolali.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 211, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Apabila presentase kesiapan termasuk rentang 51% - 100%, maka kesiapan kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo dinyatakan mendekati siap untuk dikembangkan sebagai kawasan green industry Boyolali.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 343, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 211, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kawasan Green Industry Teras- Mojosongo merupakan Kawasan Industri di Kabupaten Boyolali yang dikembangkan dengan mengadaptasi konsep industri ramah lingkungan yaitu green industry . Kawasan ini sudah sesuai dengan peruntukan kawasan yang tertera dalam RTRW Boyolali 2011-2031. Kawasan green industry ini merupakan kawasan dengan radius 1 kilometer dari masing masing embrio industri di Kecamatan Teras dan Mojosongo Kabupaten Boyolali. Kawasan ini meliputi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 538, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 kecamatan dan 12 desa, dengan luas keseluruhan kurang lebih 1742 hektar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 724, "width": 178, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 Peta Administratif Kawasan Industri Teras-Mojosongo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 84, "width": 212, "height": 285, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Kesiapan Karakteristik Kawasan Industri Karakteristik kawasan industri berdasarkan komponen kawasan green industry meliputi green plan, green process, green management, dan green policy. Green plan merupakan rencana pengembangan kawasan yang berpedoman pada konsep ramah lingkungan, dimana mencangkup rencana pengembangan kawasan industri hijau, rencana pengembangan infrastruktur hijau serta rencana pengembangan kawasan komunitas hijau. Green process merupakan hal-hal yang mendukung berlangsungnya kegiatan industri manufaktur namun tetap mengedepankan konsep ramah lingkungan, meliputi lahan penunjang industri hijau, sarana penunjang industri hijau, prasarana penunjang industri hijau,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 369, "width": 211, "height": 168, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "serta transportasi penunjang industri hijau. Green management merupakan upaya dari pengelola kawasan industri untuk menerapkan atribut green city dalam melaksanakan fungsi manajemen serta tanggung jawabnya baik terhadap masyarakat maupun keberlangsungan social melalui CSR Hijau. Sedangkan green policy merupakan payung hukum dan dasar penyelenggaraan segala kegiatan di dalam kawasan, sehingga keberadaannya merupakan keadaan mutlak bagi suatu kawasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 550, "width": 211, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan nilai untuk masing-masing kesiapan pada masing- masing variabel adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 614, "width": 204, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green Plan Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Rencana pengembangan industri hijau 6 Siap (2) Rencana pengembangan infrastruktur hijau 21 Siap (2) Rencana pengebangan komunitas hijau 4 Siap (2) Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 514, "top": 768, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 271, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen Green Plan terkait penerapan konsep green industry pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo termasuk dalam kategori siap. Hal ini terlihat dari sudah tersedianya rencana yang mengatur kegiatan industri hijau dikawasan, infrastruktur penunjang industri hijau maupun rencana yang mengatur pengembangan komunitas hijau di kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo. Rencana tersebut tertuang dalam beberapa dokumen rencana kabupaten Boyolali dengan lokasi perencanaan merujuk pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo. Rencana yang ada belum memang berbentuk satu dokumen rencana induk perindustrian/masterplan kawasan industri hijau sehingga belum mendetail hingga ke teknis pelaksanaannya pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 368, "width": 211, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 198, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Process Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Lahan penunjang kawasan green industry 4 Siap (2) Sarana penunjang kawasan green industry 18 Siap (2) Prasarana penunjang kawasan green industry 8 Siap (2) Transportasi penunjang kawasan green industry 4 Siap (2) Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 211, "height": 207, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen green process pada kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sendiri berada pada kategori siap. Dimana dari kurang lebih 1700 Ha lahan yang ada, 52% masih berupa lahan kosong sehingga masih dimungkinkan untuk melakukan pembangunan dengan tetap memperhatikan prosentase lahan ideal pada suatu kawasan. Sarana penunjang pada kawasan green industry juga sudah lengkap dan tersebar di seluruh kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sehingga memudahkan masyarakat maupun tenaga kerja kawasan dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya. Jaringan prasarana kawasan juga berusaha untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mendukung konsep ramah lingkungan kawasan, misalnya adanya energi pengganti listrik dalam proses produksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "serta penggunaan kembali air hasil pengolahan dalam proses produksi. Jaringan prasarana yang ada di kawasan menunjukan potensi kawasan dalam mencapai tujuan utama ekonomi hijau yakni meningkatkan kegiatan ekonomi (industri) dan mengurangi dampaknya terhadap sumber daya indutri dan lingkungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 214, "width": 211, "height": 246, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan adanya pemanfaatan energi selain listrik dan air hasil pengolahan kembali berarti kawasan sudah mampu mengurangi/menghemat sumber daya industri dalam kegiatanya. Dan sebagai potensi dalam mengurangi dampak terhadap lingkungan, perusahaan industri berusaha melakukan pengolahan terhadap limbah industri, baik melalui sistem 3R maupun instalasi pengolahan (IPAL) sehingga tidak semua limbah industri dibuang ke lingkungan. Selain itu dari segi transportasi, beberapa kawasan telah berusaha mengurangi emisi akibat penggunaan kendaraan bermotor salah satunya dengan cara penggunaan mobil dan sepeda listrik (accu) walaupun penggunaannya masih terbatas pada internal perusahaan industri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 473, "width": 212, "height": 282, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green Management Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Adanya pengelola khusus kawasan green industry 1 Tidak siap (1) Tersedia kegiatan CSR Hijau yang melibatkan masyarakat dengan tujuan utama pelestarian lingkungan hidup 14 Siap (2) Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017 Kategori kesiapan komponen green management berdasarkan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo termasuk kategori tidak siap dikarenakan belum ada manajemen pengelola yang bertugas/berwewenang dalam melakukan kegiatan pengelolaan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo. Dimana keberadaan manajemen pengelola yang khusus mengelola suatu kawasan industri memiliki peran penting dalam menyatukan berbagai kepentingan stakeholder terkait kawasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "industri, sehingga pengembangan kawasan industri yang ada tidak merugikan stakeholder tertentu maupun lingkungan terkait penerapan konsep green industry (William Bredo, 1969).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 211, "height": 275, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan pengelolaan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo diatas kertas memang masih menjadi hak Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali, namun pada kenyataan dilapangan kegiatan pengelolaan dilakukan oleh masing- masing perusahaan industri. Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali bertugas mengontrol kegiatan masing-masing perusahaan industri di kawasan agar tetap sesuai dengan visi-misi perindustrian Kabupaten Boyolali Tabel 7. Nilai Kesiapan Variabel Green Policy Sub-Variabel Total Nilai Kesiapan Green industry telah memiliki ijin tata ruang, ijin gangguan, IMB, dokumen lingkungan, ijin pengolahan limbah, dan ijin usaha 84 Siap (2) Tersedianya peraturan daerah serta peraturan/keputusan kepala daerah kawasan green industry terkait karakteristik kawasan industri 4 Tidak siap (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 425, "width": 142, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Analisis Peneliti, 2017", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 211, "height": 297, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen green policy juga termasuk dalam kategori tidak siap jika dilihat dari karakteristik kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo berdasarkan komponen- komponen kawasan green industry . Kebijakan merupakan payung hukum dan dasar penyelenggaraan segala kegiatana di dalam kawasan, sehingga keberadaannya merupakan keadaan mutlak bagi suatu kawasan ( ULI, 1975). Kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sendiri belum memiliki dokumen rencana dasar yaitu masterplan/rencana induk perindustrian kawasan sebagai payung hukum yang menjadi pedoman pelaksanaan kegiatan di kawasan. Keadaan ini disebabkan karena efek berantai belum adanya Rencana Induk Perindustrian Jawa Tengah dan Rencana Induk Perindustrian Kabupaten Boyolali. Karena rencana pada tingkatan atas yang digunakan sebagai acuan belum ada, Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "belum mampu mengadakan kegiatan penyusunan Rencana Induk Perindustrian Kawasan Industri Teras-Mojosongo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 136, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri Teras Mojosongo sebagai Kawasan Green Industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 188, "width": 212, "height": 174, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengacu pada penilaian karakteristik kesiapan dapat diketahui karakteristik green plan memiliki nilai 2 (siap), karakteristik green process memiliki nilai 2 (siap), karakteristik green mnagement memiliki nilai 1 (tidak siap), dan karakteristik green process memiliki nilai 1 (tidak siap). Dan nilai total kesiapan setelah dikalikan bobot adalah 1,5. Untuk mengetahui tingkat kesiapan maka dilakukan perhitungan presentase kesiapan sebagai berikut : 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑘𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑔𝑖) 𝑥 100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 363, "width": 211, "height": 190, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 = 1,5 (2) 𝑥 100% 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑖 = 75 % Berdasarkan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo terkait komponen-komponen kawasan green industry yang meliputi green plan, green process, green management, dan green policy , diketahui bahwa kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojongongo Kabupaten Boyolali dalam penerapan konsep kawasan green industry secara keseluruhan termasuk ke dalam kategori mendekati siap .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 566, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Permasalahan utama yang terlihat dari kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 592, "width": 212, "height": 155, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mojosongo dalam menerapkan konsep kawasan green industry adalah dari sisi manajemen, dimana belum ada manajemen pengelola khusus yang berwenang mengelola kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo secara keseluruhan. Adanya karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo yang belum memenuhi komponen-komponen kawasan green industry menunjukan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali sebagai pihak yang saat ini memegang wewenang akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 57, "width": 258, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Galuh Sri Untari dkk, Tingkat Kesiapan Kawasan Industri...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 508, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengelolaan kawasan belum mampu memaksimalkan potensi yang dimiliki kawasan terkait penerapan konsep kawasan green industry. Dengan belum seluruh karakteristik kawasan terkait komponen-komponen kawasan green industry terpenuhi oleh kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo, hal ini akan berpengaruh dalam rencana penerapan konsep kawasan green industry", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 72, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kedepannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 239, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 211, "height": 64, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan yang didapatkan baik selama penelitian berlangsung ataupun hasil dari penelitian, serta saran baik untuk hasil penelitian serta penelitian selanjutnya adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 343, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.1 Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebgaai kawasan green industry ini selama proses penelitian dan berdasarkan analisis menemukan banyak hal dan dapat ditarik beberapa kesimpulan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Komponen green plan pada penelitian ini termasuk kategori siap dimana telah terdapat rencana terkait rencana yang mengatur kegiatan industri hijau dikawasan, infrastruktur penunjang industri hijau maupun rencana yang mengatur pengembangan komunitas hijau, walaupun tidak dalam satu dokumen rencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 213, "height": 155, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Komponen green process pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori siap. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan masih dimungkinkannya diadakan pembangunan pada lahan kawasan dengan tetap mengoptimalkan proporsi lahan ideal. Selain itu infrastruktur kawasan, meliputi sarana, prasarana dan transportasi, juga telah tersedia serta mendukung konsep kawasan industri hijau yang ada.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 211, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Komponen green management pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 85, "width": 198, "height": 116, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tidak siap. Hal ini disebabkan belum tersedianya manajemen yang khusus mengelola kawasan sehingga kegiatan pengelolaan kawasan tidak sesuai dengan fungsi manajemen serta tidak ada kesatuan pemikiran antara pemerintah maupun pihak perusahaan industri dalam mencapai tujuan kawasan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 201, "width": 211, "height": 129, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Komponen green policy pada penelitian ini termasuk dalam kategori tidak siap. Dimana masih belum tersedia peraturan daerah maupun surat keputusan Bupati Boyolali yang mengatur teknis pelaksanaan kegiatan di kawasan. Hal ini dikarenakan belum adanya rencana induk kawasan yang digunakan sebagai rujukan dalam merumuskan peraturan teknis.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 330, "width": 211, "height": 104, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Karakteristik kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo telah sesuai dengan komponen-komponen kawasan green industry sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo memiliki potensi dalam pengembangan konsep kawasan green industry .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 434, "width": 211, "height": 103, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Tingkat kesiapan kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo sebagai kawasan green industry masih dalah tahap mendekati siap sehingga kawasan masih perlu melakukan pengembangan pada beberapa karakteritis kawasan sesuai komponen kawasan green industry .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 537, "width": 214, "height": 220, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "g. Belum adanya pengelola khusus kawasan green industry menyebabkan pengembangan konsep kawasan green industry belum maksimal karena tidak ada pihak yang menjembatani berbagai stakeholder dalam pengembangan kawasan sehingga potensi yang ada belum mampu dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. h. Belum dirumuskannya rencana induk pengembangan industri kawasan menyebabkan Pemerintah Kabupaten Boyolali belum mampu membentuk peraturan daerah yang mengatur teknis pelaksanaan kegiatan di kawasan sehingga kawasan belum", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 57, "width": 209, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Region, Volume 12, No. 1, Januari 2017: 93-102", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 768, "width": 19, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 197, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memiliki payung hukum yang lengkap dalam pelaksanaan kegiatannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 123, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5.2 Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran yang dapat peneliti sampaiakan setalah melakukan proses penelitian ini antara lain sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 189, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Perlu adanya manajemen pengelola khusus kawasan industri Teras- Mojosongo sehingga pengelolaan kawasan lebih terstruktur dan maksimal.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 211, "height": 103, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Peningkatan karakteristik kawasan industri Teras-Mojosongo terkait komponen kawasan green industry perlu terus dilakukan sehingga suatu saat kesiapan kawasan dalam menerapkan konsep kawasan green industry dapat mencapai tahap siap sempurna.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 211, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya dapat membuat alternatif sistem pengumpulan data lain sehingga dalam mengidentifikasi karakteristik kawasan dapat lebih mendetail.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 67, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 211, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Basyaib. 2006. Teori Pembuat Keputusan . Yogyakarta: Andi Offset Brugmann, J. 1999. Is There A Method In", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 499, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Our Measurement? The Use Of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 512, "width": 190, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indicators In Local Sustainable Development Planning . 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Peraturan Menteri Perindustrian Nomor: 05/M-IND/PER/1?2011 tentang Program Penganugrahan Penghargaaan Industri Hijau. Urban Land Institute. 1975 . Business Park and Industrial Development Handbook. Washington D.C: Urban Land Institute.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 227, "width": 212, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "www.kemenperin.go.id. Diakses pada tanggal 26 September 2016. Pukul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 253, "width": 212, "height": 90, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "20.45 WIB. www.dictionarybusiness.com/definition/ readiness.html. Diakses pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2016. Pukul 11.35 WIB. Zhang, Yongli. 2016. China’s Eco-City Construction . Cina.", "type": "Table" } ]

f576e7b8-aa81-0f2a-85ec-1adb87f2a7a3

https://www.ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/notariil/article/download/1726/1369

[ { "left": 75, "top": 142, "width": 424, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Notariil, Vol. 5, No. 1, Mei 2020, 39 - 48 P ISSN 2540 - 797X Available Online at https://ejournal.warmadewa.ac.id/index.php/notariil E ISSN 2615 - 1545 http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jn.4.2.1208.65 - 72", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 185, "width": 437, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NOTARY RESPONSIBILITIES ON THE MAKING OF DEED WITH DOUBLE NUMBER", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 227, "width": 356, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I Wayan Erik Pratama Putra*, Luh Putu Sudini and I Nyoman Alit Puspadma Magister of Notary, Universitas Warmadewa, Denpasar, Bali - Indonesia *[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 309, "width": 42, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 323, "width": 448, "height": 152, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The objective of this research to reveal (1) the responsibility of a notary for the drafting of a double number and (2) the legal consequences if a double number occurs in a notarial deed. The types of this research is normative legal research. The research results indicated that (1) The notary's responsibility for making a notarial deed with a double number must be accounted for administratively. The existence of a double number on the notary deed indicates that the notary has been inadvertently applied in making an authentic deed. In every legal action that implies the use of authority, it implies an obligation of accountability. Thus, a notary who makes a notarial deed with a double number requires the notary to be administratively responsible, remembering that the negligence made by a notary is an administrative error; and (2) The legal consequences in the event of a double number in a notary deed do not cause any consequences if no party feels disadvantaged by the existence of this double number. All that is left is for the notary to publish the minutes of changing the deed number and notify parties such as the parties, the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and the local Land Office if the double - numbered deed is related to land rights. However, if the double numbered deed brings harm to another party, then the party who feels disadvantaged can sue the notary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 483, "width": 231, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Notary, Deed, Double Number, Neglect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 509, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 524, "width": 213, "height": 167, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary is a general official appointed by the Government to assist the general public in terms of making existing or emerging agreements in society. According to ( Davidson, 2012 ), Civil law notary Also known as a latin notary, a legal professional recognised by law to authenticate documents and advise parties. The necessity of these written covenants is made before a notary is to ensure the legal certainty and to fulfill the strong evidence of the parties to the Covenant. The need to be write proof that wants the importance of this notary ( Notodisoerjo, 2003 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 693, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The notary authority stipulated in article 15 paragraph (1) of Law No. 2 of 2014 on the amendment to Law No. 30 of 2004 on the notary Department (hereinafter called UUJN - P) mentions notary authorized to make an authentic deed on All actions,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 503, "width": 214, "height": 233, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "agreements, and assignments required by the legislation and/or as required by the interested to be expressed in the Authentic Act, ensure the certainty of the deed of Creation, store the deed, provide Grosse, copies and quotations of the deed, all of them throughout the creation of the Act are not also assigned or excluded to other officers or persons stipulated by law. Pursuant to article 1868 of the Code of Civil Law (hereinafter referred to as Kuhcivil) the meaning of authentic deed is a deed made in the form of a prescribed statute by or in the presence of a general authorized officer for it in the place of the deed It was made. Thus the main authority of the notary is to make an authentic deed, to be a deed has its authenticity as an authentic deed then must fulfill the terms as an authentic deed stipulated in article 1868 Kuhcivil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 738, "width": 214, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The authority to make an authentic deed is the request of the parties based on", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 269, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How To Cite:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 281, "width": 448, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Putra, I. W. E. P., Sudimi, L. P., & Puspadma, I. N. A. (2020), Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number, Jurnal Notariil , 5 (1) 2020, 39-48, Doi: https://doi.org/10.22225/jn.5.1.1726.39-48", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the agreement of the parties to make an agreement that is set forth in the form of notarial deed. The agreement of this Party shall be governed by article 1320 of the Civil Code governing the legal requirements of the agreement. Furthermore, article 1870 of the Civil Code governs for the parties concerned and its heirs or to those who obtain the right from them, an authentic deed gives a perfect proof of what is contained therein. This means the authentic deed has the perfect power for the party that makes it and the heirs.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 230, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In practice there can be problems with the authentic deed made by the notary because of negligence, lack of thoroughness/carelessness (basic prudence), one of the problems are the numbering of double deed. In making", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 296, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Deed the deed number is made so that the authentic deeds are listed by the notary sequentially so that it can be easy to find and distinguish with other deeds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 344, "width": 214, "height": 278, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If it is proved to be infringing, it should be notarized to account for its actions, both the responsibility in terms of civil law and the appropriate administration of sanctions provisions stipulated in article 84 and 85 law The changes to the UUJN and the code of conduct, but in UUJN and UUJN - P do not regulate criminal sanctions. There were latest researches relating to the current issue such as conducted by ( Intan, 2016 ) said that in case of violation of Article 16 Paragraph (1) Letter (a) Law on the position of Notary, legally valid. Sanctions only affect the legal subject of a Notary pursuant to Article 16 paragraph (11) that is subject to sanctions in the form of written warning, suspension, dismissal with respect; or dismissal with disrespect. Further, ( Trisnasari, 2019 ) stipulated in her research that the legal consequences of double numbering on the different deed namely the deed still considered valid if it has fulfilled the legal requirements of an agreement specified in Article 1320 of the Civil Code.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 624, "width": 213, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the explanation above, the objectives of this researche is to know and analyze the notary responsibility on the making of deed with double number and To know and analyze the consequences of the law if there is a double number in notarial deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 711, "width": 63, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 726, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research uses the type of normative legal research. Normative legal research is research conducted by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "reviewing the prevailing laws or regulations applied to a particular legal problem. Normative legal research examines the law from an internal perspective with its research object is the legal norm ( Diantha, 2017 ). Normative research is often referred to by doctrinal research, which is the research that the object of study is the document of legislation and library materials ( Marzuki, 2011 ). The type of approach used is of approach and conceptual approach, given the problems examined and discussed in this research is about the notary's responsibility to the making of the deed With a double number. The techniques applied in the collection of legal materials needed in this study are through the study document. After conducting a search and collecting legal materials and legislation the next step creates a folder to store the material that is already grouped according to the object. Examples of folders containing legislation, theories, concepts and so on. The analysis of the successfully collected legal materials in this study will be conducted in a descriptive, interpretive, evaluative and argumentative.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 390, "width": 174, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 411, "width": 213, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary responsibilities of the Making of deed by double number", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 437, "width": 214, "height": 245, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the making of the authentic deed, notary must be responsible if the deed is made there are elements of deed against both intentional and unlawful negligence. Conversely, if the element of action against the law is caused by the parties, then throughout the notary to implement its authority in accordance with statutory regulations, then the notary is not able to be asked In response, because the notary only records what the parties convey to be poured into the deed. False information submitted by the Parties is the responsibility of the parties ( Mamminanga, 2008 ). In other words, which can be held accountable to the notary is when the element of deed against the law sourced from the notary self ( Notodisoerjo, 2003 ). As long as the notary is not on the sides and careful in carrying out its position, the notary will be more protected in carrying out its obligations.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 684, "width": 214, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After giving information about an incident requested by inserting into an authentic deed to the notary, the deed itself has not made it or the information regarding the incident has not been incorporated into the deed. Not all things/ events apply here, but rather the events", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 40", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "that must be proved by the authentic deed. The scope of notary known adagium that \"every man who comes facing the notary has rightly said. True saying is directly proportional to saying right ”. If it is true to say, it is not directly proportional to say that it means a lie or false information, it is the responsibility in question ( Waluyo,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 160, "width": 32, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2001 ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 175, "width": 213, "height": 410, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary is a human who has not escaped the error in the making of the deed, such as making a double number for it if it happens either because of deliberate or negligence of the notary to make mistakes, then it can be held responsibility from In terms of administrative law. The administrative responsibility of a notarial deed of conduct against the law in the making of authentic deeds may be subject to administrative sanctions. Broadly, administrative sanctions can be differentiated into 3 kinds: Reparative sanctions are these sanctions aimed at the improvement of the violation of the law order. May be the termination of illegal deeds, the obligation to change attitudes/ actions so that the achievement of the original state is determined, the action to fix something contrary to the rules. An example of compulsion is to do something for the government and payment of forced money that is determined as punishment. Punitive sanctions are punishing sanctions, which is an additional burden. Punishment sanctions are in retaliation, and preventive actions that lead to fear of the same or possible offenders for other offenders. For example, payment of fines to the government, hard strikes, and regressive sanctions are sanctions in reaction to something of disobedience, Something that is decided according to the law, as if returned to the actual legal state before the decision is taken. For example revocation, alteration or suspension of a decision ( Berge, 1996 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 587, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Some administrative law libraries are known to be several types of administrative sanctions, among others:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 624, "width": 213, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Real execution is the sanction used by the administration, either by not fulfilling the obligations contained in a provision of administrative law or on violations of a provision of legislation to do without permission, consisting From taking, blocking, running or correcting what is contrary to the provisions in the lawful regulation, which is made,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 72, "width": 434, "height": 686, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "drafted, experienced, allowed, tampered with or taken by the perpetrator. b) Direct execution (Parate Executie) is sanctioned in the money collection originating from the administrative legal relationship.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 120, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Withdrawal of permission is a sanction given to violations of rules or conditions relating to provisions, but also violations of statutory regulations(Adjie, 2008a)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 168, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to H.D. Van Wijk/Willem Konijnenbelt as quoted by ( Hadjon, 2004 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 190, "width": 214, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The administrative sanctions include the following a) Coercion of the government, b) A favorable withdrawal of decision (determination) (permit, payment, subsidy), c) Imposition of administrative fines, d) Government forced money", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 260, "width": 214, "height": 282, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The government's imposed forced money sanctions are intended to add definite penalties, in addition to the fines that have been expressly stated in the legislation in question ( Hadjon, 2004 ). Administrative sanctions based on UUJN - P mentions that there are 5 (five) types of administrative sanctions given when a notary violates the provisions of UUJN - P i.e. oral warnings, written warnings, temporary dismissal, dismissal Disrespect. The sanctions apply on a level from verbal strikes to disrespectful dismissal. Notary sanctions for violating such provisions in the article in the UUJN - P is the internal sanction of sanctions against the notary in carrying out its duties and positions do not implement a series of orderly actions Duties and positions of notary public to be conducted for the purpose of notary self. Sanctions against notary in the form of a temporary termination of his position is the next stage after the rationing of verbal reprimand and reprimand in writing ( Notodisoerjo, 2003 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 544, "width": 214, "height": 178, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The position of sanctions in the form of a temporary termination of a notary office or suspension is waiting for the implementation of sanctions imposed by the Government in this regard by Kemenkumham. The temporary termination penalty of notary, is intended for notary to not perform duties and positions for a while, before the sanction of dismissal or disrespect is subject to notary. The temporary termination of this suspension ends in the form of a restoration to the notary to carry out its duties and positions again or be followed up by a dismissal or disrespect sanction ( Adjie, 2008b ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 724, "width": 214, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The temporary termination penalty of a notary office is a real action that can be immediately executed while the sanctions", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 243, "top": 53, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 41", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "in the form of dismissal and disrespectful termination are included in the type of decision revocation sanctions Profitable. Thus the provisions of the articles of UUJN - P which can be categorized as administrative sanctions are temporary stops, dismissal and disrespect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 153, "width": 213, "height": 200, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The procedures for the allotment of administrative sanctions are carried out directly by the authorities authorised to impose the sanctions. The allotment of administrative sanctions is as a preventive step (supervision) and a repressive step (application of sanctions). Preventive measures are conducted through the periodic examination of the Protocol and the possibility of violations in the execution of notary office. While the repressive step is done through the allotment of sanctions by the Regional supervisory assembly, the form of verbal strikes and written strikes and the right to propose to the Central Supervisory assembly temporary termination 3 months to 6 months and disrespect.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 355, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Central supervisory Assembly further conducts temporary termination and is entitled to propose to the Minister in the form of disrespect. Then the Minister on the proposal of the Central supervisory assembly can stop the notary with respect and disrespect. Conclusion of the administrative accountability to a notary public is notarized to be subject to administrative sanctions in the form of temporary dismissal, dismissal or disrespect the notary Commit deeds against the law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 503, "width": 213, "height": 189, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A notary error or omission in carrying out his duty and authority as a double number can cause harm to the complainer or the other party. Offences committed by the notary in the conduct of his duties and authorities, can result in the deed made by or in his presence, to be null and void (van Rechts - Wege nietig), can be cancelled ( Vernietig - Baar) or only have The power of proof as the deed under the hands ( Onderhands acte), may cause the notary to be liable to assume damages for the matter. The party that is wronged due to the occurrence of such violations or errors, may make claims or claims of damages, fees and interest to the notary in question by court.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 694, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reviewed from Muhammad Nasrun's theory of responsibility that states the legal or fundamental aspect of responsibility is authority or authority.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 738, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Authority obtained from a legislation followed by the accountability of the", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 134, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "implementation of the Authority. Notary authority to make a deed obtained from UUJN Jo UUJN - P followed by a notary responsibility for the deed he made. At each legal action it contains the meaning of the use of authority, so it implies a liability obligation. Thus the notary who made notarial deed with double number requires notary to be administratively responsible considering the negligence made by the notary is an administrative error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 214, "width": 214, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Legal Consequences in the case of a double number in notarial deed", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 240, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The occurrence of double numbers in notarial deed occurred due to notary negligence. In the case of notary negligence in making the double number deed resulted from the law for the notary and for the double - numbered deed. The following discussion will discuss the two consequences of the law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 332, "width": 214, "height": 223, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The creation of notarial deed with double number is notarized due to negligence. Negligence (culpa) lies between deliberate and coincidence, however also culpa is seen to be lighter than intentionally, therefore proceeding culpa, culpa it is a false proceeding ( Quasideliet) so that it is held a criminal reduction. Proceeding culpa contains two kinds, namely the delic negligence that caused the consequences and that does not cause a result, but that is threatened with the criminal is an act of inattention itself, the difference between the two is very easy to understand that is negligence Caused by the occurrence of the result, then it was taken by negligence, for the unnecessarily caused by the negligence itself has been threatened with criminal ( Moeljatno, 2003 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 557, "width": 214, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reviewed from the principle of caution. The presence of a double number indicates that notary does not apply prudence. The basic application of caution must be implemented in the making of notarial deed by:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 627, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Introduction to the Roadblock based on his identity shown to the notary.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 653, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Inquire, then listen to and observe the wishes or desires of those parties.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 679, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Check the evidence of the letter relating to the wishes or the will of the parties.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 705, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Advise and create a framework of deed to fulfill the wishes or will of the parties", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 731, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Fulfill all administrative techniques of making notarial deed, such as reading, signing, providing copies and filing for", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 42", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 89, "top": 72, "width": 36, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Minuta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 87, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f) Perform other obligations relating to the implementation of a notary duties and positions ( Moeljatno, 2003 ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 124, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The requirements of the elements that must be in proceeding Omissions can be expressed as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 161, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Do not hold preconceived presumption as required by law, as this refers to the defendant thinking that the consequences will not occur because of his actions, but the view is then not true. Confusion lies in any misrepresentation that should be removed. The defendant had no idea that the forbidden consequences may arise because of his actions. Confusion lies in having no thought at all that the consequences may arise where the attitude is dangerous.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 308, "width": 213, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Do not hold the attention as required by law, on this subject does not conduct research of wisdom, prevention of skills/efforts that turned out in certain circumstances/in the way doing actions.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 367, "width": 213, "height": 146, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negligence made by a notary such as the double number in notarial deed means the notary has violated article 16 paragraph (1) Letter M UUJN - P which means notary has acted intently (negligent). If the negligence made by the notary to cause the deed to be legal defect, the notary may be liable. Notarial deed that only has the power of proof as a deed under the hands or null and void can be the reason for the party to suffer losses to claim reimbursement, indemnity and interest to the notary who made the deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 515, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "On the issues of office accountability by Kranenburg and Vegtig There are two theories that do, among them (Ridwan, 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 563, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Theory of fautes Personalles, which is the theory that the loss of third parties is charged to officials who because of his actions have caused losses. In this theory the burden of responsibility is aimed at human beings as personal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 633, "width": 213, "height": 123, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Theory of fautes de services, which is the theory that the loss of third parties is charged to the institution of the relevant officials. According to this theory the responsibility is imposed on the position. In its application, the losses that arise are adjusted whether the mistake is a severe mistake or a minor error, where the weight and lightness of a fault implicates the responsibility to be borne.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In relation to the problem of notary liability of notarial negligence resulting in an authentic deed which resulted in null and void based on the theory of fautes of Personalles, notary is responsible", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 127, "width": 214, "height": 167, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Individual or personal to the deed he made. This is in line with the opinion of Habib Adjie stating that notary is a public office that has the characteristics of: \"As a position, notary has a certain authority, appointed and dismissed by the Government, does not accept Salary/ retirement from which it is lifted and accountability for its work to the community. ” On the characteristic lifted and dismissed by the Government (in this case the government in question is the Minister of Justice and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia), describing that a notary is a position.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 296, "width": 214, "height": 200, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reviewed from the theory of authority and responsibility according to Muhammad Nasrun stating the legal aspect or the basis of responsibility is the authority or authority ( Nasrun, 2014 ). Authority obtained from a legislation followed by the accountability of the implementation of the Authority. Notary authority to make a deed obtained from UUJN Jo UUJN - P followed by a notary responsibility for the deed he made. At each legal action it contains the meaning of the use of authority, so it implies a liability obligation. Thus the notary who made notarial deed with double number requires notary to be administratively responsible considering the negligence made by the notary is an administrative error.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 499, "width": 214, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notarized personal responsibility can also be seen from the responsibilities of the notary term, which has expired. If a person has not served as a notary and notarized protocol has been handed over to the receiver notary protocol, if there is a dispute against the deed of the day then the responsible not the recipient of the Protocol, but the notary The. It can be seen in the provisions of article 65 UUJN.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 613, "width": 214, "height": 145, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A notary Public official may be liable for a double - numbered authentic deed that results in the cancellation of the law based on the distribution of the accountability of Hans Kelsen, the individual accountability of a Individuals are responsible for their own committed violations and absolute accountability which means that an individual is responsible for their infringement by accident and unpredictably. Based on the theory from Hans Kelsen, the accountability that can burden a notary public is personally", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 243, "top": 53, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "accountable, which is a notary responsible for his own negligence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 98, "width": 213, "height": 167, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the authentic deed made in this case the negligence is null and void and therefore the the appearers felt harmed then the notary obliged to account for his actions. It should be a notary cautious and careful in making his deeds. A notary should be professional in carrying out its duties. A notary must be careful and do not neglect to respond to the wishes and needs of the community (clients) who come to him so that the wishes and needs of the community can be poured out properly and correctly in a deed. With the professional nature of notary, it will fulfill the needs of the community well.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 267, "width": 213, "height": 178, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To assess the legal consequences of a double - numbered notarial deed, the assessment of notarial deed should be done with the principle of presumption of legitimate (presumptio iustae causa). This principle can be used to assess notarial deed, i.e. the deed of the Notraris should be considered valid until a party stating that the deed is not valid. To declare or assess the act is unlawful to submit a lawsuit to the district court. During and as long as the lawsuit runs until there is a court ruling that has a fixed legal force, the notarial deed remains valid and binding on the parties or anyone with interest in the deed ( Nasrun, 2014 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 447, "width": 213, "height": 190, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apply the principle of presumption valid for notarial deed, then the provisions contained in article 84 UUJN, which is the deed in question only has the power of proof as deed under the hand is no longer needed, so that the notarial deed only may be cancelled or null and void. The principle of a legitimate presumption of notarial deed relating to the Revocable Act, is an act of defects, i.e. no notarized to make the deed outwardly, formally, and materially, and not in accordance with the rules of law About the creation of notary deed. This principle cannot be used to assess notarial deed null and void, because the null and void deed was deemed never made.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 639, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As such, for some reason as stated above, the position of notarial deed is:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 665, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) can be cancelled;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 680, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) null and void;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Has the power of proof as a deed under the hand;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 721, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Cancelled by the parties themselves; And", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 747, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Cancelled by a court ruling that has had", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 72, "width": 199, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a fixed legal force due to the application of a presumption of legitimate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 98, "width": 214, "height": 189, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the double - numbered notarial deed contains reason to be cancelled, then the cancellation of the deed is to be the authority of the civil justice, namely by filing a lawsuit in civil litigation. If the proceeding is requested to cancel the deed by the injured party (the victim), the notarial deed may be cancelled by the civil justice if there is evidence of the opponent. As it is known that notarial deed is an authentic deed which is a written proof tool that has a binding power and perfect evidence. This means that it is still possible to be disabled by proof of the opponent i.e. the lawsuit to prosecute the cancellation of the deed into court so that the deed is cancelled.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 289, "width": 214, "height": 211, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The cancellation caused uncertain circumstances, therefore the law gives limited time in case of demanding where the law can be cancelled when it is about protecting a person against himself. Thus, in a verdict by a civil justice as long as no cancellation is requested, the legal action/ Agreement contained in the Act shall remain valid or valid. After the ruling of the judge who has a legal force remains in the prosecution lawsuit, the deed no longer has the power of law as an authentic instrument of evidence because it contains a juridical defect/legal defect, then in the A civil justice ruling will declare that the deed is null and void. And the cancellation of the deed is retroactive since the Act of Law/Agreement was made.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 503, "width": 214, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The law of the Agreement contains the consequences of certain laws if subjective terms and objectives are not met. If subjective terms are not fulfilled, then the agreement can be cancelled", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 558, "width": 214, "height": 178, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Vernietigbaar) as long as there is a request by certain persons or interested. Cancellation due to requests from interested parties, such as parents, guardians or forgiveness is called a relative or absolute cancellation. The relative cancellation is divided into 2 (two) namely the cancellation of its own power, then at the request of a particular person by filing a lawsuit or resistance, in order for the judge to declare void (Nietig verklaard) a treaty. For example if not fulfilled subjective terms (article 1446 Civil Code) and cancellation by the judge, by ruling on cancelling an agreement by submitting a lawsuit ( Prodjodikoro, 2011 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 738, "width": 214, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "These subjective terms are always shadowed by the threat to be cancelled by", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 211, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the parties concerned by the parents, guardians or forgiving. In order for such a threat to not occur, it may be asked for affirmations of those concerned, that the agreement will remain in force and bind the parties. If the condition of an agreement is without cause, or that has been made because of a false or prohibited cause, then the agreement has no power (article 1335 Civil Code). If not stated a cause, but there is a halal reason (not prohibited), or if there is any other cause, than stated, then the agreement remains valid (article 1336 Kuhcivil), the objective is not fulfilled, then null and void Agreement (NIETIG), Without the need for any request from the parties, thus the agreement is deemed to have never existed and does not bind anyone.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 285, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "An absolute void agreement may also occur, if a treaty is not fulfilled, whereas the rule of law has determined for such legal action to be made in a manner that has been determined or contrary to morality or Public order, because the agreement has not been deemed to exist, it is no longer the basis for the parties to prosecute or sue in any way and form ( Subekti, 2005 ). For example, if an agreement must be made by deed (notary or Land Deed official (PPAT), but it is not done, then the Act or the agreement is null and void.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 443, "width": 213, "height": 168, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cancellation of an authentic deed can also be done by the notary if the parties are aware of any errors or mistakes that have been outlined in the deed. So as to make a doubt on the agreement/ Agreement of the parties, then the deed can be canceled by the notary. If notarized in the case of falsification of deed to become intellectual actor or notary also participate in the fraud of the letter that can be categorized in the deed of crime then juridically cannot be transmitted not Based on criminal provisions only, but also by rules in Civil Code and UUJN and its amendment laws.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 613, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In connection with the cancellation of notarial deed, article 84 UUJN shall be submitted. According to article 84 UUJN that the act of infringement conducted notarized to the provisions referred to in article 16 paragraph (1) Letter I, article 16 paragraph (1) Letter K, article 41, article 44, article 48, article 49, Article 50, article 51, or article 52 that resulted A deed only has the power of proof as a deed under the hands or a deed to be null and void can be a reason for the party to suffer losses to claim reimbursement, damages,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 163, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and interest to the notary public.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 87, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The things referred to in article 84 UUJN are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 113, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Notary does not make a list of deeds relating to wills in the order of the time of the deed every month;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 150, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Notary does not record in Repertoria the date of submission of a will list at the end of each month;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 187, "width": 213, "height": 123, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Notary in violation of provisions of article 38, article 39, and article 40 of UUJN. Article 38 governs the form and nature of notarial deed consisting of the beginning of deed (head of deed) including the existence of a double number on the deed, the deed body, and the end of the deed (deed conclusion). Article 39 governs the conditions of the Roadblock and section 40 regulates the terms of witnesses;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 312, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Notary Public article 44 Uujn which governs that immediately after the deed is read, the deed is signed by any complainer, witness, and notary, except when there is a the appearers that cannot affix the signature by mentioning the reason expressly stated in the deed. The act in a foreign language is signed by a roadblock, notary, witness, and an official translator. The reading, translation or explanation, and the signing of the deed are expressly stated at the end of the deed;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 470, "width": 213, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e) Notary Public Article 48 UUJN, which governs that the content of the deed is prohibited to be amended by way of replacing, supplemented, strikethrough, pasted, deleted, and/or overwritten. Changes in the contents of the deed shall be replaced, supplemented, strikethrough, and pasted can be made and valid if the change is parsed or marked by any other endorsement by the complainer, witness, and notary;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 596, "width": 213, "height": 123, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f) Notary Public article 49 UUJN, which governs that any amendment to the deed is made on the left side of the deed. If a change cannot be made on the left side of the deed, the amendment is made at the end of the deed, prior to the deed's conclusion, by designating the modified part or by inserting an additional sheet. Changes made without pointing to the altered part, resulting in the change being null;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 721, "width": 214, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g) Notary Public Article 50 UUJN, which confirms that if the deed needs to be performed a word - scribble, letter, or", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 45", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 72, "width": 199, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "figure, then the scribble is done in such a way that it remains readable according to the re - stated and number of words, letters, or The number of the strikethrough, expressed on the deed. The scribble is declared valid after being Diparaf or given another endorsement by the complainers, witnesses, and notary. If there are other changes to the Scribble, then the change is done on the deed side. At the conclusion of each deed is stated about the existence or absence of changes to the scribble;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 230, "width": 213, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h) Notary Public article 51 UUJN, which governs that the notary authorized to correct the error of writing and/or typographical errors contained in the signed Deed minuta. The fortification was carried out in front of the complainants, witnesses, and notaries which were set forth in the news of the event and provided a note about it in the original deed minuta by specifying the date and number of news deed of the event correction. The news copy of the event must be submitted to the Parties; and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 388, "width": 213, "height": 223, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i) The notary public of Article 52 UUJN, which governs that the notary is not allowed to make a deed for oneself, wife/husband, or any other person who has a family relationship with the notary, either because of marriage or blood relations in the line Posterity is straight down and/or upward without any degree of limitation, as well as in the line to the side to the third degree, as well as being a party to oneself or in a position or by the intermediary. This provision does not apply, if the persons referred to previously, except the notary self, become a roadblock in a public sale, as long as the sale may be made before a notary, public rental, or general contractor, or be Members of the meeting whose risks are made by notary.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 613, "width": 213, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Habib Adjie, stated that sanctions against notary is regulated at the end of UUJN, namely in article 84 and 85 UUJN, there are two kinds of:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 661, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Civil sanction", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 676, "width": 213, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This sanction in the form of reimbursement, indemnity or interest can be prosecuted against the notary should be based on a legal relationship between the notary and the parties facing the notary, if any party who feels harmed as a direct result of a Notarized deed, then in question can be claimed in a civil law", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "against notary, thus the demands for reimbursement, indemnity and interest in notaries are not based on the judgment or the position of an evidence that changes due to Violate article 84 UUJN, but can only be based on the existing legal relationship or that occurred between the notary and the clien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 164, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Administrative sanctions", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 179, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "These sanctions are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 196, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Oral Rebuke", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 212, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• nscribed", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 228, "width": 118, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Temporary dismissal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 245, "width": 63, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Dismissal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 261, "width": 199, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• Disrespect In article 84 UUJN determined there are", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 287, "width": 214, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 (two) types of civil sanction, if the notary commits a breach against certain articles and also the same type of sanctions scattered in the other articles are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 335, "width": 213, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Notarial deed which has the strength of proof as deed under the hand; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 361, "width": 214, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) notarial deed to be null and void; As a result of such notarial deed, it can be reason for the party to suffer losses to claim reimbursement, indemnity, and interest to the notary. To determine notarial deed which has the strength of proof as deed under the hands can be seen and determined from:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 457, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Contents (in) certain chapters that directly confirm if the notary is committing a breach, the deed shall include the deed that has the power of the Pembuk - Tian as a deed under the hand.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 527, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) If not expressly stated in the relevant article as a deed which has the strength of proof as a deed under the hand, then another article which is categorized in breach pursuant to Article 84 UUJN, including into the deed null and void.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 597, "width": 214, "height": 79, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It can therefore be concluded that notarial deed has the power of proof as deed under the hand, if stated expressly in the relevant article, and which is not expressly stated in the relevant article, including As the deed becomes null and void.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 678, "width": 214, "height": 79, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notarial negligence in the making of authentic deed may result in the law and notarial negligence in the making of authentic deed including (a) the uncertified authentic deed to be a deed under the hand; (b) An authentic act null and void; and (c) the authentic deed may", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 46", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 101, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "be cancelled. If there is notarized deed in question by the parties, then to resolve it must be based on the Kebatalan and revocation of notarial deed as a tool of perfect evidence. Notarial negligence resulting in errors in the deed made by the notary will be corrected by the judge at the time of the notary deed submitted to the Court as a means of evidence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 175, "width": 213, "height": 167, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negligence in the making of notarial deed that resulted in the deed is made not in accordance with the legislation governing the creation of authentic deeds. A notarized deed can be referred to as an authentic deed if in its manufacture fulfill all the requirements set forth in the legislation such as UUJN, Kuhcivil, and so on. Conversely, if the notarial deed found that there was a violation of the legislation at the time of its creation, the notarial deed is said to contain a juridical defect, so the quality of the act will be degraded, Similarly, the power of proving is not like an authentic deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 344, "width": 213, "height": 145, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A notarial deed can also be declared a juridical defect, when it comes to the untruth of the particulars in the deed made. This unrighteousness is either intentional or because of negligence made by the notary, as long as the evidence can be made otherwise, whose purpose and proving otherwise is to weaken the authenticity and the authentic deed. If it is proved to be evidenced by the judge, the decision to cancel an authentic deed based on a juridical defect is valid, as well as directly the result of the law in the deed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 491, "width": 213, "height": 190, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Negligence made by the notary to cause harm to the parties or one of the parties related to the creation of notarial deed, then the deed can be derived (degraded) the power of the Evidence to act Under the hands. In addition, a notarized notary may also be sanctioned by the notary supervisory assembly for violations in making an authentic deed, which causes the deed to be degraded as a deed under the hands or null and void, so it May be the reason for the injured party to claim reimbursement, indemnity and interest to the notary. Sanctions may be classified as civil penalties against notary public. Civil sanction is a penalty imposed against a notary negligence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 689, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 704, "width": 213, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of the research and the discussion that has been outlined, it can be concluded as follows a) Notary responsibility on the making of deed with a notarized double number must be", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 72, "width": 214, "height": 167, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "accountable administratively. The existence of a double number on notarial deed indicates that notary has not been careful/negligent in making authentic deed. At each legal action it contains the meaning of the use of authority, so it implies a liability obligation. Thus the notary who made notarial deed with double number requires notary to be administratively responsible considering the negligence made by the notary is an administrative error. b) The result of the law if the double number in notarial deed does not cause any consequences if no party feels harmed by this double number.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 237, "width": 214, "height": 101, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Live publishes the news of the event number changes and is notified to parties such as the parties, Kemenkumham and local land office if the double - numbered deed is related to land rights. However, if the double - numbered deed carries a loss on the other party, the person who feels the harm can claim compensation to the notary.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 346, "width": 66, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 360, "width": 213, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adjie, H. (2008a). Hukum Notaris Indonesia, (Tafsir Tematik terhadap UU No 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris). Surabaya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 390, "width": 214, "height": 283, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT. Refika Aditama. Adjie, H. (2008b). Sanksi Perdata dan Administratif terhadap Notaris sebagai Pejabat Publik. Bandung: Refika Aditama. Berge, J. B. J. M. Ten. (1996). Besturen Door de Overheid. Deventer: W.E.J. Tjeenk Qillink. Davidson, N. M. (2012). Notaries and legal professionals. International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home (Vol. 5). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978 - 0 - 08 - 047163 - 1.00456 - 2 Diantha, I. M. P. (2017). Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif dalam Justifikasi Teori Hukum. Jakarta: Prenada Media Group. Hadjon, P. M. (2004). Pengantar Hukum Administrasi Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada. Intan, L. C. (2016). Akibat Pelanggaran Oleh Notaris Terhadap Pembuatan Akta Notariil. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 7 (2), 206 – 215. https://doi.org/10.26905/ idjch.v7i2.1909 Mamminanga, A. (2008). Pelaksanaan Kewenangan Majelis Pengawas Notaris Daerah dalam Pelaksanaan Tugas Jabatan Notaris berdasarkan UUJN. Universitas Gajah Mada.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 670, "width": 213, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marzuki, P. M. (2011). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana Prenida Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 690, "width": 213, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moeljatno. (2003). Perbuatan Pidana dan Pertanggung jawaban Dalam Hukum Pidana,. Jakarta: Bina Aksara. Nasrun, M. (2014). Kewenangan dan Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Notaris.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 741, "width": 213, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandung: Refika Aditama. Notodisoerjo, R. S. (2003). Hukum Notariat Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 47", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo. Prodjodikoro, R. W. (2011). Hukum Perdata tentang Persetujuan - Persetujuan Tertentu. Bandung: Sumur.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 75, "top": 112, "width": 213, "height": 142, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ridwan, H. . (2018). Hukum Administrasi Negara. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada. Subekti, R. (2005). Hukum Perjanjian. Jakarta: Intermasa. Trisnasari, I. G. A. O. (2019). Tanggungjawab Notaris Terhadap Penomoran Ganda Pada Akta Yang Berbeda. Acta Comitas : Jurnal Hukum Kenotariatan, 4 (1), 99 – 108. Retrieved from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/ index.php/ActaComitas/article/ view/48960/29168 Waluyo, D. R. (2001). Kewenangan Notaris Selaku Pejabat Umum. Jakarta: Media Notariat (Menor).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 262, "width": 213, "height": 142, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Laws and Regulations Kitab Undang - Undang Hukum Perdata. Undang - Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2004 Nomor 117, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 4432). Undang - Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang - Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 3, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 549).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 42, "width": 255, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notary Responsibilities On The Making Of Deed With Double Number Jurnal Notariil, 5 (1) 2020, 48", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 776, "width": 313, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CC-BY-SA 4.0 License, Jurnal Notariil, ISSN 2540-797X, E-ISSSN 2615-1545", "type": "Page footer" } ]

d8ce9326-1a40-dce1-cbbf-22c62ff5df8e

https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/triac/article/download/7927/5067

[ { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 63, "top": 53, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang Bangun Alat Proteksi Listrik Rumah Terhadap Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis Arduino", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 46, "top": 118, "width": 143, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Ziaul Khaq Prodi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Islam Lamongan Jl. Veteran No.53 A Lamongan, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 118, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arief Budi Laksono", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 128, "width": 142, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prodi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Islam Lamongan Jl. Veteran No.53 A Lamongan, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 460, "top": 118, "width": 38, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ulul Ilmi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 409, "top": 128, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prodi Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 420, "top": 139, "width": 118, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Lamongan Jl. Veteran No.53 A", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 159, "width": 80, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lamongan, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 194, "width": 246, "height": 165, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak - Gas LPG sangat penting bagi kebutuhan manusia, Selain digunakan untuk keperluan dapur, LPG juga bisa digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor atau yang biasa disebut BBG(Bahan Bakar Gas). Bahkan menurut CNN Indonesia, pada tahun 2015 saja Pertamina melakukan impor 4,2 metrik ton LPG. Hal ini terkait dengan konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia terhadap penggunaan gas LPG. Namun dari banyak kelebihan yang bisa didapatkan dari pemanfaatan LPG, ada juga beberapa faktor berbahaya yang perlu diperhatikan. Seperti proses pemasangan tabung LPG yang kurang tepat, dan banyak faktor lain yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kebocoran gas yang nantinya dapat memicu kebakaran. Untuk itulah diperlukan alat yang dapat mendeteksi kebocoran gas dan memberikan proteksi listrik terhadap tempat yang terjadi kebocoran gas, serta notifikasi yang cepat supaya bisa dilakukan penanggulangan dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 369, "width": 246, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, penelitian ini melakukan berbagai pengujian untuk menciptakan rancang bangun agar dapat bermanfaat untuk mengantisipasi terjadinya ledakan yang diakibatkan oleh bocornya gas LPG. Metode yang digunakan meliputi perancangan elektrik dan sistematis. Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi tahapan studi pustaka kemudian perancangan, pembuatan hardware dan software mengintegrasikan sistem dan pengujian serta analisa sistem. Mempertimbangkan teori-teori tersebut dan dapat mengetahui pemograman mikrokontroller arduino uno , sensor mq 2, buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP-01, fan exhaust , relay, power supply, serta aplikasi smartphone Blink .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 503, "width": 246, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa pengujian, diantaranya pengujian mikrokontroller arduino uno , sensor mq 2, buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP-01, fan exhaust , relay, power supply, serta aplikasi smartphone Blink . mikrokontroller arduino uno sebagai otak utama penyimpan program. fan exhaust penyetabil kandungan udara. sensor mq 2 sebagai pendeteksi gas. buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP- 01 dan aplikasi smartphone Blink sebagai output pemberi notifikasi serta pertanda terjadinya kebocoran gas, dan relay sebagai eksekutor pemutus aliran listrik dalam rumah jika terjadi kebocoran gas LPG dalam rumah dengan kadar kebocoran gas diatas 10ppm maka rancang bangun ini akan bekerja sesuai yang di jabarkan diatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 648, "width": 246, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci— Gas LPG, sensor mq 2, Arduino uno, Poteksi listrik dan Notifikasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 683, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. P ENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 698, "width": 232, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gas LPG sangat penting bagi kebutuhan manusia, Selain digunakan untuk keperluan dapur, LPG juga bisa digunakan sebagai bahan bakar kendaraan bermotor atau yang biasa disebut BBG (Bahan Bakar Gas). Bahkan menurut CNN Indonesia, pada tahun 2015 saja Pertamina melakukan impor 4,2 metrik ton LPG. Hal ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 193, "width": 232, "height": 138, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terkait dengan konsumsi masyarakat Indonesia terhadap penggunaan gas LPG. Namun dari banyak kelebihan yang bisa didapatkan dari pemanfaatan LPG, ada juga beberapa faktor berbahaya yang perlu diperhatikan. Seperti proses pemasangan tabung LPG yang kurang tepat, dan banyak faktor lain yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya kebocoran gas yang nantinya dapat memicu kebakaran. Untuk itulah diperlukan alat yang dapat mendeteksi kebocoran gas dan memberikan proteksi listrik terhadap tempat yang terjadi kebocoran gas, serta notifikasi yang cepat supaya bisa dilakukan penanggulangan dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 337, "width": 232, "height": 299, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan permasalahan di atas, maka penulis ingin merancang suatu alat yang dapat memproteksi listrik serta pemberi notivikasi (tanda-tanda) yang sangat cepat jika terjadi kebocoran tabung gas LPG serta memberi notifikasi lewat aplikasi blnyk pop-up yang terinstal. Penelitian bertujuan merancang alat bangun proteksi listrik dengan dilengkapi sistem alarm dan pembuang gas dalam ruangan, serta dapat mengirim notifikasi ke handphone android berbasis IoT ( internet of things) jika terjadi kebocoran gas LPG. Hal tersebut bertujuan agar mengantisipasi terjadinya kebakaran atau bahkan ledakan yang terjadi akibat suatu ruangan penuh dengan gas kemudian adanya suatu percikan listrik sehinga memicu terjadinya suatu hal yang tidak diinginkan. Oleh sebab itu peneliti ingin mengantisipasi terjadinya percikan listrik tersebut dengan cara memberi proteksi listrik pada sumber utama listrik rumah, yaitu di bagian MCB sekering rumah. Sehingga berimbas pada putusnya seluruh aliran listrik dalam rumah ketika terjadi kebocoran gas, kemudian disusul dengan adanya alarm dan kipas pembuang gas dalam ruangan ( dapur ) yang menyala dan mengirim notifikasi lewat aplikasi telegram ke penghuni rumah, ketika kadar gas sudah habis dalam ruangan tersebut, listrik rumah kembali teraliri arus listrik disusul dengan matinya kipas pembuang dan alarm yang menyala tadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 376, "top": 651, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. B AHASA D AN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 321, "top": 666, "width": 232, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah perancangan elektrik, sistematis, agar diperoleh data dan informasi yang akurat. Dalam perancangan ini dimulai dari pengumpulan data, pembuatan perancangan, pembuatan alat, pengujian, dan menyimpulkan hasil dari sistem. Berikut ini merupakan diagram blok dari sistem proteksi listrik rumah terhadap kebocoran gas LPG berbasis arduino , serta memberikan notifikasi ke pemiik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 60, "top": 54, "width": 232, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rumah jika telah terjadi kebocoran gas LPG dengan sistem IoT melalui aplikasi Blink.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 209, "width": 186, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Blok Diagram Perencanaan Alat 1. Tahap Studi Pustaka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 229, "width": 218, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi pustaka ini diambil dari beberapa jurnal dan juga buku – buku referensi yang digunakan sebagai dasar untuk mengolah data yang ada.Studi pustaka pada tugas akhir ini meliputi hal – hal sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 287, "width": 210, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Studi system operasi mikrokontroller arduino dan internet of things (IOT).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 310, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Studi karakteristik sensor MQ-2.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 321, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Studi gas LPG dan Studi sistem proteksi listrik rumah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 344, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tahap perancangan dan pembuatan hardware", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 74, "top": 356, "width": 218, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perancangan alat proteksi listrik rumah terhadap kebocoran gas LPG berbasis arduino pendeteksi gas karbon monoksida sebagai pengaman di dalam ruangan disesuaikan dengan fungsi dari komponen – komponen yang akan digunakan sehingga siap untuk direalisasikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 425, "width": 232, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tahap perancangan dan pembuatan software Pengujian perangkat penyusun system yang sudah dirancang, yaitu perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak sebelum diintegrasikan menjadi system keseluruhan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 482, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tahap integrasi sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 494, "width": 232, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengintegrasikan antara Hardware dan Software yang telah disusun menjadi sistem keseluruhan untuk menjalankan sistem tersebut berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 528, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Tahap pengujian dan analisa sistem", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 540, "width": 232, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menguji sistem yang telah terintegrasi secara menyeluruh untuk selanjutnya dilakukan analisa sesuai dengan fungsinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 574, "width": 231, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Flowchart system kerja perancangan perangkat lunak seperti terlihat pada gambar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 388, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Flowchart Pembacaan Sensor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 406, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 321, "top": 420, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Hasil pengujian sensor MQ 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 432, "width": 225, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian sensor MQ2 dilakukan untuk mendeteksi gas – gas berbahaya, terutama gas LPG. Pengujian sensor ini menggunakan gas LPG, gas butana, gas bensol. yang sebelumnya sensor MQ2 telah dimasukkan program melalui board arduino dan programnya telah disimpan kedalam IC mikrokontroller Arduino Uno. Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik dan maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 380, "top": 662, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Pengujian sensor MQ 2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 88, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL I. Pembacaan sensor MQ 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 267, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Hasil pengujian arduino uno", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 279, "width": 232, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mendapat hasil yang baik dalam pengujian, maka proses pengujian mikrokontroller dapat dihubungkankan dengan tegangan yang memiliki nilai 9 volt. Apabila mikrokontroller menyala, maka mikrokontroller dalam kondisi baik dan bisa digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 462, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. pengujian Arduino uno R3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 483, "width": 247, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hasil Pengujian LED dan Buzzer untuk Notifikasi pengujian LED dan Buzzer dihubungkan pada pin – pin mikrokontroller atau diberi tegangan sebesar 5 volt. Apabila LED dan Buzzer menyala, maka LED dan Buzzer berfungsi dengan baik dan siap untuk digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 679, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. pengujian LED dan Buzzer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 699, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Hasil Pengujian exhaust fan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 60, "top": 711, "width": 232, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik dalam pengujian, maka proses pengujian dilakukan dengan menghubungkan pada pin-pin NO/NC dan COM relay yang sudah terkoneksi dengan arduino.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 349, "top": 100, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL II. Pengujian Exhaust Fan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 190, "width": 231, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel pengujian diatas, menunjukkan bahwa apabila exhaust fan diberi tegangan sebesar 220 volt, maka status exhaust fan akan on /menyala. Sedangkan apabila exhaust fan tidak diberi tegangan, maka status exhaust fan akan off / mati. Hal itu menandakan bahwa exhaust fan berfungsi dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 270, "width": 245, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Hasil pengujian relay proteksi Untuk mendapatkan hasil yang baik, pengujian relay diberi sumber tegangan sebesar 5 volt sebagai pemicu dari coil relay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 357, "top": 396, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL III. Hasil Pengujian Relay", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 429, "width": 232, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian diatas, ketika relay belum mendapat tegangan dari mikrokontroller keadaan relay dalam kondisi normally open (NO) dan ketika mendapat tegangan 5v keadaan relay berubah menjadi normally close (NO).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 498, "width": 159, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Hasil pengujian modul esp 8266-01", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 321, "top": 509, "width": 232, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian Modul 8266 / ESP-01 dilakukan dengan menghubungkan pin TX, RX, vcc, dan gnd dari modul esp ke Ardino, dilanjut dengan memasukakan program ke arduino agar arduino dapat mengakses modul wifi ini. Jika sudah selesai maka dilakukan pengetesan alat secara keseluran, jika berhasil maka akan mendapat notifikasi pada handphone android melalui aplikasi Blynk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 601, "width": 232, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika berhasil terkoneksi maka led indikator yang berada pada modul akan berkedip secara berlahan berbeda ketika proses scaning jaringan dan proses pengkoneksian yang berkedip dengan cepat. Proses perancangan dapat dilihat pada gambar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 116, "top": 77, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Pengujian modul esp8266-01", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 96, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Pengujian keseluruhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 115, "top": 233, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Skema pengujian keseluruhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 254, "width": 228, "height": 126, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja rangkaian keseluruhan yang meliputi pengujian relay proteksi, sensor MQ2, pengujian buzzer , pengujian exhaust fan , modul IOTdan pengujian LED. Proses pengujian dilakukan dengan memasukkan gas LPG ke dalam suatu ruangan. Apabila kadar gas LPG yang terdeteksi melebihi ambang batas, maka sistem akan berkerja dengan memproteksi listrik rumah, mengirim notifikasi berbasis IOT, menyalakan LED merah, buzzer dan exhaust fan akan menyala. Hasil pengujian dapat dilihat dalam tabel sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 393, "width": 93, "height": 6, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T ABEL IV. Pengujian Rangkaian Keseluruhan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 60, "top": 500, "width": 232, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel pengujian rangkaian alat secara keseluruhan, apabila nilai kadar gas LPG dalam kondisi normal, maka LED akan menyala berwarna hijau dan respon dari relay proteksi, notifikasi IoT, buzzer serta exhaust fan akan mati. Apabila nilai kadar gas LPG mencapai 10 ppm, maka listrik rumah akan terproteksi, modul IOT mengirim notifikasi, LED akan menyala berwarna merah, buzzer akan menyala dan exhaust fan akan menyala.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 624, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. K ESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 650, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan yang didapat pada penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 673, "width": 224, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Telah membuat proteksi listrik terhadap kebocoran gas LPG untuk antisipasi pengaman terhadap ledakan rumah yang diakibatkan oleh bocornya gas LPG berbasis arduino dengan dilengkapi fitur IoT yang memungkinkan pengontrolan dari jarak jauh. Dengan menggunakan sensor MQ2 sebagai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 54, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "detektor gas LPG yang mengacu pada nilai ambang batas 10 ppm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 77, "width": 224, "height": 103, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Agar a rduino dapat melakukan perintah proteksi listrik rumah, menyalakan buzzer peringatan dan menyalakan kipas pembuang serta mengirim notivikasi ke handphone dengan sistem IoT ( internet of things ) saat terjadi kebocoran gas LPG, maka arduino harus dilakukan pemerograman dengan pembacaan input berupa sensor MQ 2, dan output berupa buzzer, LED, modul ESP 8266/ ESP- 01, fan exhaust dan relay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 181, "width": 224, "height": 183, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Agar arduino dapat mengirim notifikasi ke handphone android menggunakan sistem IOT ( internet of things ) dengan sistem aplikasi Blynk jika terjadi kebocoran gas, maka arduino harus menerima input dari sensor MQ 2 dengan minimal pembacaan sebesar 10ppm. Jika pembacaan sensor MQ 2 lebih dari 10ppm maka arduino akan memerintahkan relay memutus jaringan listrik rumah, modul ESP 8266/ ESP-01 mengirim notifikasi ke smartphone penguna yang telah terinstal aplikasi blink , menyalakan LED merah dan buzzer serta menyalakan exhaust fan untuk menetralisir kadar gas dalam ruangan. Jika kadar gas dibawa 10 ppm maka semua output dari arduino uno tersebut akan off terkecuali led hijau yang menyala sebagai indikator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 392, "top": 385, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D AFTAR P USTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 400, "width": 245, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Agustinus, Leonard, Fatma Agus Setyaningsih dan Tedy Rismawan. 2015. “ Rancang Bangun Prototype Pendeteksi Kadar CO Sebagai Informasi Kualitas Udara Berbasis Mikrokontroller ”. Fakultas MIPA, UniversitasTanjungpura. Pontianak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 436, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Asbi, Zulfahmi. 2010. “ Pengontrolan Ketinggian Permukaan Air Berbasis Mikrokontroller 8535 ” Skripsi , Program Studi Teknik Elektro Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau, Pekanbaru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 473, "width": 245, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Aziz, M. Nur. 2016. “Rancang Bangun Sistem Monitoring Kadar Gas Karbon Monoksida dan Senyawa Hidrokarbon pada Kabin Mobil Menggunakan Sensor Gas TGS 2201 Berbasis Arduino” Skripsi , Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 519, "width": 245, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Aminah, Nur. 2016. “Rancang Bangun Rangkaian Elektronik Sebagai Alat Proteksi Otomatis Pada Instalasi Listrik Rumah Tinggal”. Teknik Elektronika PNUP.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 547, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Fardiaz. 1992 . “ Polusi Air danUdara ”. Penerbit Kanisius, Yogyakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 565, "width": 245, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Haryanti, Munnik, Muhammad Saleh. 2017. “ Rancang Bangun Sistem Keamanan Rumah Menggunakan Relay ” Program Studi Teknik Elektro Universitas Suryadarma, Jakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 593, "width": 245, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Hakim, Ismail. 2017. “ Alat Ukur Konsentrasi Karbon Monoksida (CO) Pada Ruangan BerbasisATMega 8535 dengan Sensor MQ- 7 dan Indikator Buzzer ”. Tugas Akhir , Fakultas Matematikada Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Sumatera Utara. Medan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 629, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Koesegeren, Viktor V. 2013. “Perancangan AlatUkur Kadar Karbon Monoksida (CO), Karbon Dioksida (CO 2 ) dan HidroKarbon (HC) Pada Gas Buang Kendaraan Bermotor”. FakultasTeknik UNSRAT. Manado.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 666, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] Kurniawan,Moh. Andre. 2019. “Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi Karbon Monoksida Sebagai Pengaman Dalaam Mobil Berbasis Mikrokontroller”. Skripsi Fakultas Teknik, JurusanTeknikElektro, Unifersitas islam Lamongan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 703, "width": 245, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] Liangdo, Yohanesdan Antonius Wibowo. 2008. “ Sistem Monitoring danPengontrol Kadar Gas KarbonMonoksida (CO) DalamRuangan ”. FakultasTeknik, JurusanTeknikElektro, UniversitasKatolikWidya Mandala. Surabaya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 740, "width": 245, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] Listiono,Mery Hadi. 2019. “Rancang bangun Aalat Pendeteksi Karbon Monoksida Untuk pengaman Sirkulasi Udara Diruangan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 767, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2615-5788 Print (2615-7764) ©2020 JURNAL TEKNIK ELEKTRO DAN KOMPUTER TRIAC Vol. 7 No. 2 Tahun 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 45, "top": 54, "width": 163, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] Berbasis Mikrokontroller”. Skripsi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 54, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "FakultasTeknik,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 67, "top": 63, "width": 169, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JurusanTeknikElektro, Unifersitas islam Lamongan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 82, "width": 246, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] Lowongan, Tander Risard, Pratolo Rahardjo dan Yoga Divayana. 2015. “Detektor LPG Menggunakan Sensor MQ2 Berbasis Mikrikontroller ATMega328” Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik Universitas Udayana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 118, "width": 246, "height": 28, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] Meliyanto, Nindi dan Bambang Eka, 2014. “Pengendali Kipas Sirkulasi Udara Melalui Deteksi Suhu Udara dan Kadar Karbon Dioksida Berlebih” Universitas Surakarta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 146, "width": 246, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] Nebath, Evert, David Pang, ST., MT danJanny O. Wuwung, ST., MT. 2014. “ Rancang Bangun Alat Pengukur Gas Berbahaya CO dan CO 2 di Lingkungan Industri ”. Fakultas Teknik Jurusan Teknik Elektro UNSRAT. Manado.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 183, "width": 246, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[16] Pratama Dimas. “Sistem Kontrol Level Air Tandon PDAM Berbasis AndroidVia Wifi Menggunakan Sensor Ultrasonik Di PDAM Lamongan”. Skripsi FakultasTeknik, JurusanTeknikElektro, Unifersitas islam Lamongan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 229, "width": 246, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[17] R.F. Talumewo, 2012. “Rancang Bangun Alat Pengkondisi Udara Pada Ruangan Menggunakan Sensor Co Dan Temperatur”, TugasAkhir , FATEK UNSRAT, Manado", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 256, "width": 246, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[18] Rafiuddin Syam, PhD. 2013 “ Dasar – Dasar Teknik Sensor ”. Makassar. Ebook", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 275, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[19] Rahman, M.S. 2007. “ Buck Converter Design Issues” . Swedia: Linkoping Institute of Technology.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 293, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[20] Santoso, Hari. 2015, Panduan Praktis Arduino Untuk Pemula . Trenggalek. E-book", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 312, "width": 246, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[21] Setiani, Astrid. 2015. “ RancangBangun Power Supply untuk Mesin Electrical Discharge Machining ”. Skripsi , Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Semarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 45, "top": 339, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[22] Triana, Anggi Novi. 2018. “ Prototype Alat Penurun Nilai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 45, "top": 348, "width": 244, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsentrasi Gas Karbon MonoksidaPada Ruang Merokok Berbasis Auino Nano Dengan Metode Lucutan Korona”. Proyek Akhir , FakultasTeknik Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta", "type": "Text" } ]

b2495dc4-8c40-8fd6-662f-c3c3e5b52deb

https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas/article/download/4389/2425

[ { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 336 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 89, "width": 459, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Terhadap Preferensi Risiko Sebagai Variabel Moderasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 133, "width": 203, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oktafiana Akmal * , Zulia Hanum, Widia Astuty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 151, "width": 369, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Magister Akuntansi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan Jl. Denai No.217, Tegal Sari Mandala II, Kec. Medan Denai, Kota Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia Email: 1,* oktafiana [email protected], 2 [email protected], 3 [email protected] Email Penulis Korespondensi: oktafiana [email protected] Submitted: 09/10/2023 ; Accepted: 10/11/2023 ; Published: 16/11/2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 209, "width": 470, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak− Penelitian ini l bertujuan untuk l menguji l dan menganalisa l pengaruh l kesadaran l wajib paja l k, penget l ahuan perpajakan dan sanksi perpajak l an terhada l p kepatuhan l wajib l pajak oran l g pribadi deng l an preferen l si risiko sebaga l i variabel mo l derasi pada KPP Pratama M l edan Timur. Tingkat k l epatuhan w l ajib pajak o l rang pribadi di K l PP Pratama l Timur l mengalami pen l urunan pada tahun 2022 yaitu l 85%. Jenis l penelitian l pada penelit l ian ini ad l alah kuan l titatif asosi l atif den l gan mengg l unakan tek l nik pengumpulan data deng l an metode sur l vei mengguna l kan media ang l ket (kusio l ner) pada K l PP Pratam l a Medan T l imur Jl. Sukam l ulia N l o. 17 A K l el. Aur, Kec. Me l dan Maimun, In l donesia Metode pe l nentuan sampel den l gan rumus sl l ovin. Popula l si pene l litian ini l adalah 150.440 Wajib Pajak sedangkan sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 responden. Data l diolah menggunakan l metode SEM l dengan bantuan l alat analisis l Smart l PLS. Hasil penelitian l ini menunjukkan l bahwa: (1) Kesadaran l wajib l pajak, pengetahuan perpajakan l dan l sanksi perpajakan berpengaruh l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib l pajak; (2) Preferensi Risiko l tidak memoderasi l pengaruh kesadaran l wajib pajak l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l dan (3) Preferensi risiko memoderas l i pengaruh pengetahuan l perpajakan l dan sanksi perpajakan terhada l p kepat l uhan wajib p l ajak. Untuk i l tu dihara l pkan KPP Pr l atama Med l an Timur ag l ar lebih me l ningkatkan kesa l daran wajib pajak meleb l ihi standar l yang diin l ginkan sehingga na l ntinya mampu mem l pengaruhi wajib pa l jak untuk meningk l atkan kepatuhan w l ajib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 349, "width": 460, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Kesadaran Wajib Pajak; Pengetahuan Perpajakan; Sanksi Perpajakan; Kepatuhan wajib Pajak; Preferensi Risiko.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 470, "height": 113, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract l − This st l udy aims t l o examine and l analyze th l e ef l fect of taxp l ayer aware l ness, tax k l nowledge an l d tax sanctions on individual ta l xpayer compliance with risk preference a l s a mod l erating variab l le at KP l P Pratama Medan Timur. The compliance rate of individual l taxpayers l at KPP P l ratama Timur will decrease in 2022 by 85%. The type of research in this study is associative quantitative using data collection techniques with survey methods using questionnaires at KP l P Pr l atama M l e l dan Timur l Jl. Suk l amulia l No. 17 A , Ke l c. Medan Maimun, Ind l onesia The method l of deter l mining the s l ample with the slovin formula. The population of this research is 150,440 l taxpayers while the r l esearch sample l is 100 re l spondents. The data is processed using the SE l M method w l ith the help l of the Smart PLS a l nalysis tool. T l he results of th l is study i l ndicate that: (1) Tax l payer awarene l ss, tax knowledge and tax sanctions affect taxpayer compliance; (2) Risk preference does not moderate the l influence l of taxpayer l a l wareness on taxp l ayer compliance and Risk preference moderates the influence of tax knowledge and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance. For this reason, l it is hoped that l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l will further increase taxpayer awareness beyond l the l desired standards so that l later it will l be able l to influence l taxpayers to l increase taxpayer l compliance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 387, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Taxpayer Awareness; Tax Knowledge; Tax Sanctions; Taxpayer Compliance; Risk Preference", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 117, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 470, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang dengan banyak potensi yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi negara yang lebih maju. Salah satu cara untuk mengoptimalkan penerimaan pemerintah ialah melalui penerimaan dari sektor pajak. Pajak l merupakan salah l satu sumber l penerimaan utama l bagi l negara. Dalam Anggaran l Pendapatan l dan Belanja Negara l (APBN) disebutkan l sumber penerimaan l negara salah l satunya berasal l dari sektor interna l l yaitu l pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerimaan negara l dari pajak l digunakan untuk l membiayai pengeluaran l rutin dan l juga untuk l membiayai l pembangunan. Artinya, pembangunan l dibiayai l masyarakat. Oleh sebab l itu upaya l untuk meningkatkan l penerimaan l negara dari pajak l sangatlah l penting. Dana yang l dihimpun berasal l dari l rakyat atau berasal l dari l pemerintah. Selain l itu, penerimaan pajak l secara tidak l langsung juga bertujuan untuk l meningkatkan kemakmuran l dan l kesejahteraan masyarakat. l", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l Kendala yang menjadi l penghambat keefektifa l n dalam mengumpulkan l pajak ialah l masalah l kepatuhan. Adapun l tolak ukur kepatuhan l dideskripsikan menjadi l sebuah sikap l atau tindakan l wajib pajak l dalam melakukan l segala l hal yang menjadi l kewajibannya dan l juga menerima l hak yang l sesuai aturan l dalam l undang l -undang yang l l berlaku. l Supaya pemenuhan l tujuan l dalam l pengumpulan l pajak l bisa l l tercapai, diperlukan l penanaman l kesadaran l l serta l kepatuhan dalam l masyarakat l untuk l memenuhi l kewajiban l l pajaknya. Kepatuhan pajak l adalah kepatuhan l seseorang l terhadap Undang-Undang l Perpajakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi peningkatan penerimaan l pajak tidak l hanya didasarkan l pada l peran fiskus dan l Ditjen l Pajak, tetapi l l juga me l mbutuhkan peran akti l f dari l wajib pajak l itu se l ndiri (Se l lf Assess l ment System). Siste l m perpajak l an se l cara self assessme l nt masih l belum dapat l merubah Waji l b Pajak dala l m melakukan ke l giatan perpajaka l nnya deng l an baik d l an bena l r. Nam l un pada ken l yataannya, sistem l pemungu l t pajak teta l p saja s l ulit dilakuk l an sesu l ai denga l n yang diharapka l n.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 754, "width": 470, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tingkat ke l patuhan masih terb l ilang lemah dika l renakan sedikitnya i l ndividu yan l g memil l iki NPWP (Resmi, 2017). Ha l l terkait ren l dahkan kesada l ran masya l rakat untuk m l embayar pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 337 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ka l ntor Pelayanan Paj l ak Pratama l Medan Ti l mur merupakan ins l ansi pemerinta l h yang mena l ngani penerim l aan pajak y l ang be l rtanggungjawab secara lang l sung terhadap Kepa l la Direktorat J l endral Pajak Wi l layah Sumatera Uta l ra I. Be l rikut a l dalah data ting l kat kepatuhan waji l b pajak d l i KPP Pra l tama Medan Ti l mur pada ta l hun 2018 l -2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 128, "width": 471, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Data l Jumlah Wajib l Pajak Orang l Pribadi di l KPP Medan l Timur l Tahun 2018-2022 Keterangan 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 (Satuan dalam jumlah orang) Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Terdaftar 116.586 123.018 137.476 143.796 150.440 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Wajib SPT 40.334 46.902 46.862 48.503 48.330 Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Lapor SPT 36.505 38.771 37.164 42.702 41.019 Rasio Kepatuhan SPT Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi 91% 83% 79% 88% 85% Berdasarkan Tabel l l 1. dapat l dilihat bahwa dari tahun l 2018-2022 jumlah l persentasi wajib l pajak l lapor yang l terdaftar di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur terus mengalami penurunan. Seharusnya, jumlah l realisasi SPT l Tahunan l Wajib Pajak l Orang Pribadi harus l sesuai dengan l jumlah wajib l pajak terdaftar l yang wajib l SPT tiap l tahunnya. Dari sekian banyak wajib l pajak yang l ada l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l sebagian besar l Wajib Pajak l belum mengerti l apa saja l yang menjadi l hak dan l kewajibannya. Dirjen l Pajak memberikan l kemudahan pelayanan l bagi Wajib l Pajak l dalam melaporkan jumlah l pajak yang l harus dibayarkannya l karena Wajib l Pajak tidak l perlu datang l secara langsung l ke l Kantor Pelayanan Pajak l untuk memenuhi l kewajiban perpajakannya l dalam hal l penyampaian l SPT, bagi aparat l Pajak t l eknologi electronic ini l mampu memudahk l an mereka dala l m pengelolaan da l tabase. Penerapan l E-filling l sebagai suatu langkah l yang diharapkan l mampu memberikan l layanan prim l a terhad l ap masya l rakat sehingga dap l at meningkatkan l kepuasan wajib ll pajak sekaligus l dengan penerapan l e-filin l g diharapkan dap l at meni l ngkatkan kepatuhan wajib l pajak l di KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur. Kendala yang l menjadi penghambat l keefektifan l dalam mengumpulkan paja l k ialah m l asalah kepatuhan. A l dapun tolak uku l r kepatuhan did l eskripsikan menja l di sebuah l sikap l atau l tindakan l wajib l pajak l dalam l melakukan l segala l hal l yang l menjadi l kewajibannya l dan l juga l menerima l hak l yang l sesuai l aturan dalam undang l - undangan yang l berlak u. Sela l njutnya selain kes l adaran wajib paj l ak fakto l r lain yang l mempengaru l hi ke l patuhan wa l jib pajak adal l ah pengetahuan perp l ajakan. Pengetahuan l perpajakan itu s l endiri di def l inisikan sebagai k l emampuan at l au seorang w l ajib pajak dalam l mengetahui peraturan l perpajakan l baik itu l soal tarif p l ajak berda l sarkan un l dang-undang ya l ng akan m l ereka bayar m l aupun man l faat pajak yan l g akan be l rguna bag l i kehid l upan me l reka (Prima Yuslina et al., 2018). U l ntuk menambah pengetahuan wajib pajak KPP Pratama Medan Timur setiap tahunnya selalu mengadakan sosialisasi antara lain sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 446, "width": 322, "height": 51, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 . Data l Sosialisasi/ Penyuluhan l di KPP l Medan Timur l Tahun l 2018-2022 l Keterangan 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Targetl 35 36 38 39 40 Realisasi 37 39 45 48 52", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 171, "top": 499, "width": 299, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persentasi Capaian 105,71% 108,33% 118,42% 123,08% 130%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 468, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l wawancara l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur diperoleh bahwa l sosialisasi perpajakan l selalu dilaksanakan l setiap l tahunnya dan selalu l melebihi target l sosialisasi. Data l sosialisasinya melebihi l target yang l sudah dibuat l pemerintah. l Sementara sosialisasi yang l dilakukan oleh l pemerintah diharapkan l dapat meningkatkan l kesadaran wajib l pajak. l Tetapi sebaliknya masyarakat l yang melapor l SPT mengalami l penurunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 563, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demi terciptanya kepatuhan wajib pajak, l maka dibentuk suatu l sanksi perpajakan l bagi par l a pelanggar p l ajak. Sanksi pajak l merupakan suatu l tindakan yang l diberikan kepada l wajib pajak l yang berhubungan l dengan pajak l yang l melakukan pelanggaran baik l secara sengaja l maupun tidak l disengaja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 604, "width": 362, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. STP Wajib l Pajak Orang l Pribadi di l KPP Medan l Timur Tahun l l 2018-2022 l Tahun 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 STP Terbit 7.293 7.880 8.583 10.171 14.689", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 471, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas menunjukkan kondisi fluktuatif yang dimana artinya jumlah Surat Tagihan Pajak yang diterbitkan KPP Medan Timur mengalami l peningkatan se l tiap tahunn l ya. Surat t l agihan paja l k yang di l keluakan l oleh KP l P Me l dan timur terka l it dengan l faktor ya l ng mempengar l uhi kepatuha l n wajib pajak l yaitu Sa l nksi Perpa l jakan. Sanksi paj l ak berfungsi s l ebagai dasar bagi pemerintah unt l uk menentu l kan wajib l pajak yang melan l ggar per l aturan, artinya, ji l ka kewajiban perp l ajakan tidak l dilaksana l kan l , maka l akan a l da konsekuens l i hukum y l ang bisa terj l adi, baik l sanksi ber l upa denda adm l inistrasi, hukuman l maupun paja l k karena tida l k memenuhi kewajib l annya (Juliantari et al., 2021) Dalam melakukan pembayaran l pajak. Wajib pajak l juga harus l dihadapkan oleh l risiko ya l ng harus dip l ertimbangkan ket l ika wajib pa l jak akan m l elakukan kewajibannya l dalam memb l ayar pajak. Ke l putusan seorang wa l jib paj l ak dapat dipengaru l hi oleh perilakuny l a terhadap ri l siko yang dih l adapi. Preferens l i risiko ia l lah peluang l yang WP l dapat mempe l rtimbangkan serta dijadik l annya prioritas pe l rtama dari be l rbagai pilih l an yan l g ada (Wulandari, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 471, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan lata l r belakang diata l s, rumusan l masalah yang l dibahas dal l am penelitian l ini adalah l sebagai berik l ut : (1) Apaka l h Kesad l aran Wajib l Pajak, Pengeta l huan Perpajakan l dan Sa l nksi Pe l rpajakan berpeng l aruh terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 338 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 471, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepa l tuhan Wajib l Pajak O l rang Pribadi pa l da KPP Pra l tama Medan l Timur da l n (2) Apa l kah prefere l nsi risiko me l moderasi pengar l uh Kesada l ran Wajib Paja l k, Pengeta l huan Perpaj l akan dan San l ksi Perpa l jakan terhadap Ke l patuhan Wajib Pa l jak Orang Pr l ibadi pada l KPP Pratama l Medan T l imur. Adap l un manfaa l t dari pene l litian ini adalah l sebagai b l erikut : (1) Diha l rapkan dapat bergu l na untuk men l ambah wawas l an dalam hal l pemahaman da l lam hal perpa l jakan. (2) D l iharapkan dapat memper l kaya bahan kepustak l aan dan ma l mpu memberi l kan kontribusi l pada l penge l mbangan teori teruta l ma yang berk l aitan dengan l pepajakan, (3) Diha l rapkan d l apat memberik l an kontribusi pra l ktis untuk menin l gkatkan kepa l tuhan wajib p l ajak di K l PP P l ratama Me l dan T l imur (4) Seba l gai sumb l er info l rmasi tentang pe l rpajakan sehingg l a dapat mem l bangun kesadaran m l asyarakat untu l k lebih mengetahui l tentang pajak l sehingga dap l at memenuhi kewaji l ban perpajaka l nnya daan (5) d l apat digunak l an sebagai acu l an (refer l ensi) bagi l peneliti selanjutnya l yang men l gangkat to l pik berbeda ya l ng mempengaruhi kepa l tuhan waj l ib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 158, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1 Kerangka Dasar Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian l ini l menjelaskan hubungan l memengaruhi dan l dipengaruhi dari l variabel-variabel l yang l akan diteliti. Penelitian l ini menganalisis l pengaruh kesadaran l wajib l pajak, pengetahuan perpajakan l dan l sanksi perpajakan l terhadap l kepatuhan l wajib l pajak l dengan l preferens l i risiko l sebagai l variabel l l moderasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 449, "width": 138, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Konseptual", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun l hipotesis penelitian l ini l adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 468, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kesadaran l wajib l pajak, Pengetahuan l perpajakan dan l Sanksi Perpajakan l berpengaruh terhadap l kepatuhan wajib l pajak orang l pribadi pada l KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur. 2. Preferensi l Risiko memoderasi l pengaruh Kesadaran l wajib l pajak, Pengetahuan l perpajakan dan l Sanksi Perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l orang pribadi l pada KPP l Pratama Medan l l Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2 Jenis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian l yang digunakan l adalah l penelitian kuantitatif l asosiatif, yaitu l penelitian yang l bersifat l menanyakan hubungan antara l dua variabel l atau l lebih. Penelitian asosiatif l merupakan penelitian l yang l menggunakan dua atau l lebih variabel l untuk mengetahui l pengaruh antara l variabel yang l satu dengan l yang l lainnya (Sugiyono, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 117, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3 Jenis dan Sumber Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 606, "width": 470, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun tem l pat penelitian dila l kukan di Kant l or Pelaya l nan Pajak Pratama l Medan Ti l mur di Jl. Sukamulia No. l 17 A Kel. Aur, Kec. Medan Ma l imun, Medan–Indonesia. Waktu pene l litian ini l direncanakan akan l dilaksanakan l adalah dari l bulan Januari l 2023 sampai dengan l bulan Juli 2023. Populasi l yang digunakan l dalam penelitian l ini l adalah jumlah l wajib pajak l terd l aftar dan l w l ajib SPT l di KP l P Pratam l a Medan Ti l mur tahun l 2022 se l jumlah 150 l .440 wa l jib pajak. Pengambil l an sampe l l yang lebih l dari 1000 dilak l ukan dengan l menggu l nakan rumu l s slovin denga l n tujuan untu l k mendapatkan sa l mpel secara aca l k dengan menggunakan l rumus slovin l (Sugiyono, 2017). Berdasarkan perhitungan diatas l sampel yang l menjadi resp l onden dala l m penelitia l n ini di se l suaikan me l njadi seban l yak 100 l orang wajib l pajak l di KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur. Sampel l yang diambil l berdasarkan t l eknik non p l robability l sampling, dimana semua l objek kemungkinan terpilih l l sebagai sampel ti l dak sa l ma besar. Pe l ngambilan samp l el ini dila l kukan dengan l teknik l insindental, seperti yang l dikemukakan (Sugiyono, 2017) bahwa l sampling insindental l adalah pene l ntuan sampel l berda l sarkan kebe l tulan, yaitu l l siapa saja l y l ang se l cara kebetula l n/insindental l ber l temu l dengan penel l iti maka l dapat digunakan l sebagai s l ampel, bil l a dipand l ang orang l yang kebetula l n ditem l ui itu co l cok sebagai sumbe l r data (Sugiyono, 2017). Tekni l k yang dig l unakan peneliti l untuk p l engumpulan da l ta adalah l dengan l metode surv l ei menggunakan me l dia angk l et (kuesioner l ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 767, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengukur l pendapat responden l dalam p l enelitian ini menggun l akan Rating sc l ale (skala l bertingkat) y l aitu sebuah l pernyataan l diikuti ole l h jawaban l yang me l nunjukkan tingkatan l -tingkatan. Sebe l lum melakukan l pengumpul l an data, selu l ruh kusio l ner yang digu l nakan harus l mela l kukan uji l validitas da l n uji reli l abilitas. Pengujian in l i dilakukan l", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 339 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada Dos l en dan peg l awai Sek l olah Ti l nggi Ilmu l Manajemen Su l kma seban l yak 30 oran l g. Berikut ada l lah pengu l jian yang dila l kukan yaitu p l engujian vali l ditas dan pen l gujian reli l abilitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 110, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Validitas l Sebua l h instrumen dik l atakan valid l apabila m l ampu meng l ukur apa yan l g seharusn l ya diuku l r. Unt l uk mengetah l ui validitas instrume l n pada p l enelitian i l ni digunakan rumu l s korel l asi pro l duct moment l dari Pearson den l gan ban l tuan SPSS l versi 1 l 6.0. Uji validitas dilakukan pada wajib pajak di STIM SUKMA Medan sebany l ak 30 ora l ng Kriteria l dalam menentukan l validitas suatu l kusioner adalah l sebagai l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 168, "width": 335, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Nilai l r l hitung > r l tabel maka l butir dari l instrumen yang l dimaksud adalah l l valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 179, "width": 290, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Sebaliknya l jika r l hitung l < r l tabel maka l butir instrumen l tidak l valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji l validitas l dilakukan pada wajib pajak di STIM SUKMA Medan sebanyak l 30 l orang. Suatu l butir pertanyaan l dikatakan valid l apabila nilai l korelasi l (R l l hitung) dari l butir pertanyaan l tersebut l > R l l tabel. Nilai l R table l dengan sampel l 30 orang l berdasarkan tabel l Product Moment l adalah l 0,361. Suatu l pertanyaan dikatakan l valid apabila l nilai R l hitung l > l 0,361 l (R l l tabel). Diketahui l seluruh nilai l R hitung l > 0,361 (R l l tabel). Sehingga l disimpulkan seluruh l pertanyaan pada l kuesioner telah l l valid. b. l Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 260, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l Reliabilitas suatu l instr l umen menu l njukkan tingkat l l kehandalan in l strumen dalam l mengu l ngkap da l ta yang bis l a dipercay l a. Uji l reliabilitas dalam l penelitian ini l menggunakan bantuan l komputer program l SPSS versi l 16.0 l dengan uji l keterandalan teknik l Alpha l Cronbach, dengan kriteria pengujian yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 304, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Jika l nilai l Cronbach’s l l Alpha > l 0,60, maka l kuesioner penelitian bersifat l reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 315, "width": 362, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Jika l nilai l Cronbach’s l l Alpha < l 0,60, maka l kuesioner penelitian bersifat tidak l l reliabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 335, "width": 457, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Cronbach's Alpha X1 0.948 X2 0.931 X3 0.943 Z 0.949 Y 0.957 Jika l nilai l Cronbach’s l Alpha lebih l besar dari l l 0,6, maka l kuesioner penelitian l bersifat l reliabel. Diketahui l bahwa kuesioner l bersifat l reliabel, karena l seluruh nilai l Cronbach’s l Alpha lebih l besar dari l l 0,6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.4 Metode Analisis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 470, "height": 148, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tekni l k anali l sis yang l digu l nakan dala l m penelitian l l ini adalah l analisis l SEM l dengan l l PLS Ver l si 3 l dim l ana data l y l ang dipergun l akan tidak l h l arus berdistrib l usi norma l l multivari l at. Men l urut (Sholi l hin Mah l fud and l Ratmo l no 201 l 3) SEM dengan l PLS terdiri l dari t l iga komponen, l yaitu: Analysis J l alur l (Path Analys l is), Partial l Least l Square (PL l S) dan Analisis Efek Mediasi. Analisis yang l digunakan dalam l penelitian ini l adalah Analisis l Efek Mediasi l (Mediation Ef l fects). Analisis efe l k mediasi u l ntuk menganal l isis penga l ruh lan l gsung kesadar l an terhadap ke l patuhan w l ajib pajak; penge l tahuan perp l ajakan terha l dap kepatuhan l wajib l pajak; sanksi pa l jak terhada l p kepat l uhan wajib l pajak se l rta preferensi l risiko memoderasi l pengaruh kesadaran l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib l pajak; preferensi l risiko memoderasi l penga l ruh l pengetahuan per l pajakan terhadap l k l epatuhan wajib l l pajak; dan l prefe l rensi risiko l memoder l asi pe l ngaruh l sanksi paja l k terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak. l Analisis efek m l ediasi ini l menggu l nakan l taha l p analisis l yaitu: (1) Anal l isis model pengu l kuran/measurem l ent model an l alysis (ou l ter model); d l an (2) Analisis model struk l tural/structural m l odel ana l lysis (inner l model). l 1. Anali l sis model pen l gukuran/measurement l model ana l lysis (outer m l odel) men l ggunakan 2 pe l ngujian, an l tara lain:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Valid l itas dan reli l abilitas konstru l k (construct l reliabil l ity and va l lidity) Validitas l dan reliabilit l as konstruk l adalah pe l ngujian untuk m l engukur k l ehandalan konstruk. K l ehandalan sko l r konstruk harus cu l kup ting l gi. Kriter l ia composite r l eliability l adalah > 0. l 6 b. Validi l tas diskriminan (dis l criminant validity). D l iscriminant validity dar l i model l pengukur l an dengan l refleksi ind l ikator bi l sa dilih l at dari ni l lai cross l l oading pengukuran den l gan konst l ruk. Jikalau kor l elasi konstruk l penguku l ran nila l inya lebih b l esar dari kon l truk lainnya, mak l a menunjukkan bah l wa konstruk lat l en memiliki u l kuran pada l blok m l ereka lebih l baik da l ri ukuran pad l a blok lainny l a (Juliandi 2016). 2. Ana l lisis mo l del struktural men l ggunakan 3 pengujian, antara lain: a. R-square l R-Squa l re adalah l ukuran l proporsi l v l ariasi nilai l va l riabel yang l dipengaru l hi l ( l endogen) yang l da l pat dijelaskan l ole l h variabel l ya l ng mempengaruhin l ya (eksoge l n). Ini l bergu l na untuk l me l mprediksi ap l akah model l ada l lah l baik/bur l uk. Kriteria l dari l R-Square l l adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 784, "width": 270, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Jik l a nilai l (a l djusted) = l 0.75 → m l odel adalah sub l stansial (ku l t);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 340 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 85, "width": 278, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Ji l ka nilai (ad l justed) = 0. l 50 → mo l del adalah mode l rate (seda l ng);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 352, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Ji l ka nilai (adjus l ted)= 0.25 → m l odel adalah l lemah (bu l ruk) ( l Juliandi, l 2016). b. F-square", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 122, "width": 457, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengukuran l F-S l quare atau l ef l fect size l ad l alah ukuran l yan l g digunakan l untuk l m l enilai damp l ak relati l ve dari su l atu variabel ya l ng mempengaruhi (e l ksogen) terha l dap varia l bel yang dip l engaruhi (endogen).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 145, "width": 276, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kriter l ia F-Squ l are menurut l ( l Juliandi, l 2016) ad l alah sebaga l i l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 471, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Ji l ka nilai l = l 0.02 l → Efek l yang l kecil l dari l variab l el e l ksogen terhada l p end l ogen; 2. Jik l a nila l i = 0.15 → E l fek yang seda l ng/moder l at dari variab l el eksog l en terhadap en l dogen; dan 3. Jika l nilai = l 0.35 → Ef l ek yang besar l dari va l riabel eksogen t l erhadap en l dogen. c. Media l tion effects 1. D l irect eff l ects T l ujuan analisis di l rect effect (pen l garuh langsu l ng) berguna untu l k l menguji hip l otesis p l engaruh lang l sung suatu var l iabel yang me l mpengaruhi (ekso l gen) terhadap v l ariabel yan l g dipenga l ruhi (endogen) (Juliandi, 2016). Krite l ria untuk peng l ujian hipotesis pe l ngaruh lang l sung (dire l ct effect) l adalah seperti t l erlihat di dala l m bagian d l i bawah ini. l Pertama, k l oefisien jalu l r (path coefficient):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 260, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Ji l ka nilai k l oefisien jalu l r (path co l efficient) adal l ah positif, l maka l pengaruh s l uatu variab l el ter l hadap vari l abel lain a l dalah searah, ji l ka nilai ni l ai suatu v l ariabel meningk l at/naik, mak l a nilai l variabel lai l nnya juga meni l ngkat/n l aik; dan;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 294, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) l Jika nila l i koefisien jalur ( l path coeffic l ient) ada l lah negatif, m l aka pengaru l h suatu variab l el terha l dap vari l abel lain ad l alah berlawan l arah, jika l nilai nilai l suatu va l riabel menin l gkat/naik, mak l a nilai variabe l l lainnya l akan men l urun/rend l ah. 2. Indir l ect effects", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 340, "width": 443, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tu l juan analisis indi l rect effect b l erguna u l ntuk menguji hip l otesis penga l ruh tidak la l ngsung suatu var l iabel yang me l mpengaruhi (eksoge l n) terhada l p variabel l yang d l ipengaruhi (endo l gen) yang dianta l rai/dimediasi oleh l suatu var l iabel interven l ing (variabel m l ediator). Kriteria l menetukan pe l ngaruh ti l dak langsung (in l derct effect) l adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 375, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Jik l a nilai l P-Values l < 0.0 l 5, maka sig l nifikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 386, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Jika l ni l lai P-Val l ues > 0 l .05, m l aka tidak sig l nifikan 3. T l otal effects Total effect (t l otal efek) meru l pakan total da l ri direct l effect (penga l ruh lang l sung) dan l indirect effect l (pengaruh tidak langsu l ng) (Juliandi, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.5 Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam l pengujian hipotesis l dapat dilihat l dari nilai l t-statistik l dan nilai l l probabilitas. Untuk l pengujian hipotesis l yaitu dengan l menggunakan nilai l statistik maka l untuk alpha l l 5% nilai l t-statistik l yang digunakan l adalah l 1,96. Sehingga l kriteria l penerimaan/penolakan l hipotesis adalah l Ha diterima l dan H0 l ditolak ketika l t-statistik l > l 1,96 Untuk l menolak/menerima l hipotesis menggunakan l probabilitas maka l Ha diterima l jika nilai l probabilitas l < l 0,05. Analisis Pengaruh Langsung X terhadap Y:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 268, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Hipotesis l a) l H0 : X l tidak berpengaruh l signifikan terhadap l Y l b) l H1 : X l berpengaruh signifikan l terhadap Y l 2) Kriteria l pengujian hipotesis l a) Tolak l H0 jika l nilai sig l < α 0,05 l b) Terima l H0 jika l nilai sig l > α 0,05 l Analisis Tidak Pengaruh Langsung X terhadap Y dimoderasi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 594, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Koefisisen l Pengaruh tidak l langssung, tidak l langsung, dan l l total :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 605, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Pengaruh l langsung X l ke Y l dilihat dari l nilai koefisien l regresi terhadap l l Y b) Pengaruh l tidak langsung l X ke l Y melalui l Z dilihat l dari perkalian l antara nilai l koefisisen regresi l X terhadap l Z dengan l nilai koefisien l regresi Z l terhadap l Y c) Pengaruh l total X l ke Y l dilihat dari l nilai pengaruh l langsung l + pengaruh l tidak l langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 184, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 311, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Validitas dan reliabiltas konstruk (Construct reliability and validity)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l pengolahan dengan l Smart PLS l 3.00 l dapat dilihat l pada nilai l outer model l antara konstruk l dengan variabel l sudah memenuhi l convergent validity l karena indikator l memiliki nilai l validitas diatas l l 0,7. Pada l gambar 4.9 l menujukkan nilai l korelasi variabel l kesadaran wajib l l pajak, pengetahuan l l perpajakan, sanksi l l Perpajakan, Preferensi l Risiko dan l Kepatuhan Wajib l Pajak menunjukkan l bahwa nilai l diatas 0,7 l sehingga konstruk l untuk beberapa l variabel tidak l ada yang l harus dieleimanasi l dari l model. Discriminat validity l juga dapat l diketahui melalui l metode lainnya l yaitu dengan l melihat Average l Variance Extracted l ( l AVE) untuk l masing-masing l indikator dipersyaratkan l nilainya harus l 0,5 l untuk model l yang baik l .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 341 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 195, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Pengujian l Reliabilitas berdasarkan l l Average Variance l Extracted (AVE) Cronbach’s Alpha (CA) Composite Reliability Average Variance Extracted (AVE) X1 0,961 0,967 0,786 X1*Z 0,997 0,997 0,794 X2 0,952 0,960 0,750 X2*Z 0,996 0,996 0,756 X3 0,915 0,931 0,630 X3*Z 0,990 0,990 0,556 Y 0,979 0,981 0,841 Z 0,981 0,983 0,855 Nilai l AVE yang l disarankan adalah l di atas l 0,5 l . Berdasarkan l Tabel l 4.12 l Diketahui seluruh l nilai AVE l > l 0,5, yang l berarti telah l memenuhi syarat l validitas berdasarkan l l AVE. Selanjutnya l dilakukan pengujian l reliabilitas berdasarkan l nilai composite l reliability l ( l CR). Nilai l CR yang l disarankan adalah l di atas l 0,7. Diketahui l seluruh nilai l CR > l 0,7, yang l berarti telah l memenuhi l syarat l reliabilitas berdasarkan l l CR. Selanjutnya l dilakukan pengujian l reliabilitas berdasarkan l nilai cronbach’s l alpha l ( l CA). Nilai l CA l yang l disarankan l adalah l di l atas l l 0,7. Diketahui l seluruh nilai l CA l > l 0,7, yang l berarti telah l memenuhi syarat l reliabilitas berdasarkan l cronbach’s l alpha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 291, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 58, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. R-Square", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 320, "width": 457, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan l pengolahan data l yang telah l dilakukan dengan l menggunakan program l smartPLS l 3.0, diperoleh l nilai l R-Square l yang dapat l dilihat pada l gambar dan l tabel l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 349, "width": 77, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. R-Square R-Square Y 0,763", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diketahui l nilai l R-Square l dari Y l adalah l 0,763 l yang berarti l l X1, l X2, X3 l mampu mempengaruhi l Y sebesar l l 76,3% b. F-Square Berdasarkan l pengolahan data l yang telah l dilakukan dengan l menggunakan program l smartPLS l 3.0, diperoleh l nilai l F-Square l yang dapat l dilihat pada l gambar dan l tabel l berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 448, "width": 457, "height": 241, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. F-Square Kepatuhan Wjib Pajak Kesadaran Wajib Pajak 0.390 Pengetahuan Perpajakan 0,415 Sanksi Perpajakan 0,410 Moderating effect 1 0,012 Moderating effect 2 0,370 Moderating effect 3 0,362 Dari l pengujian l F-Square l pada tabel l diatas adalah l variabel kesadaran l wajib pajak l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,390. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l pengetahuan perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,415. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Sanksi perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,410. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Preferensi Risiko l sebagai variabel l moderating pengaruh l kesadaran wajib l pajak terhadap l kepatuhan wajib l pajak memiliki l nilai F2 l = l 0,012. Maka l terdapat efek l yang kecil l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Preferensi Risiko l sebagai variabel l moderating pengaruh l pengetahuan perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l F2 = l 0,370. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen. Variabel l Preferensi Risiko l sebagai variabel l moderating pengaruh l sanksi perpajakan l terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l memiliki nilai l l F2 = l 0,362. Maka l terdapat efek l yang besar l dari variabel l eksogen terhadap l variabel l endogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 698, "width": 352, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Uji l Siginifikansi pengaruh l ( l Bootstraping) dilakukan l pada variabel l l penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 715, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Uji l Path Coefficient l dan Signifikansi l Pengaruh l", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 734, "width": 372, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standard Deviation (STDEV) T Statistics (|O/STDEV|) P Values X1 -> Y l 0,389 l 0,398 l 0,132 l 2,935 l 0,002 X2 -> Y l 0,253 l 0,258 l 0,120 l 2,117 l 0,017", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 342 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 88, "width": 377, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Original Sample (O) Sample Mean (M) Standard Deviation (STDEV) T Statistics (|O/STDEV|) P Values X3 -> Y l 0,221 l 0,229 l 0,087 2,544 l 0,006 X1*Z -> Y l 0,016 l 0,021 l 0,113 0,142 0,443 X2*Z -> Y l 0,210 l 0,196 l 0,111 2,127 l 0,030 X3*Z -> Y l 0,154 l 0,158", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 268, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l 0,096 2,360 l 0,048 Berdasarkan l tabel l 4.16 l diperoleh hasil l uji hipotesis l sebagai l berikut: a. Pengaru l h kesadaran wajib l pajak (X l 1) terhad l ap kepatuhan w l ajib pajak ( l Y) berdas l arkan tab l el hasil u l ji path coeffi l cient dapat di l simpulkan bawa l h nilai T S l tatistics l (2,935) > l 1,9 l 6 atau nilai p l Valu l e (0,00 l 2) < 0,05 ini berar l ti hipotes l is diterim l a yang arti l nya kesadara l n wajib l pajak (X1) ber l pengaruh sign l ifikan terhadap kepatuha l n wajib pa l jak (Y) di l KPP Pra l tama Medan Timur. b. Peng l aruh pengetahua l n perpajak l an (X2) te l rhadap ke l patuhan w l ajib paja l k (Y) be l rdasarkan ta l bel hasil l uji pat l h coefficient l dapat dis l impulkan bawah ni l lai T l Statistics (2,117 l ) > l 1,96 atau l nilai l p Valu l e ( 0,017) < 0,0 l 5 ini berar l ti Hipotesis diterima l yang l artinya l pengetahua l n perpa l jakan (X2) l berpengar l uh signifikan terh l adap kepatuhan l wajib paja l k (Y) di KP l P Prat l ama Medan l Timur. c. Peng l aruh San l ksi Perpajaka l n (X3) terh l adap kep l atuhan wajib l pajak l (Y) ber l dasarkan l tabel ha l sil uji p l ath coefficien l t dapat disim l pulkan bawah l nilai T Sta l tistics (2,544 l ) > 1,96 a l tau nilai l p Va l lue ( 0,006 l ) < 0,05 l ini ber l arti Hip l otesis diteri l ma yang l artinya Sanksi l Perpajakan ( l X3) terhadap l berpen l garuh signif l ikan terhadap l kepatuhan l wajib pa l jak (Y) l di KPP Prata l ma Meda l n Timur. d. B l erdasarkan tab l el uji p l ath coefficie l nt diper l oleh bawah n l ilai T Statistic l s (0,14 l 2) < 1, l 96 l atau nil l ai p V l alue ( 0,4 l 43) > 0,05 ya l ng berarti hi l potesis d l itolak yang art l inya Pr l eferensi Ris l iko (Z l ) tida l k mamp l u memod l erasi pengaruh ke l sadaran waji l b pajak l (X1) l terhadap l kepatu l han wa l jib pa l jak (Y). e. Berdasarka l n tabel u l ji path coe l fficient dip l eroleh baw l ah nilai T St l atistics (2 l ,127) l > l 1,96 atau l nila l i p Va l lue ( 0,030) < 0,05 y l ang ber l arti hipotesi l s diteri l ma yang art l inya Prefere l nsi Ri l siko ( l Z) memod l erasi pen l garuh l penget l ahuan pe l rpaja l kan (X2) te l rhadap kepat l uhan waji l b pajak l (Y). f. Berdasarkan tabel l uji path l coefficient diperoleh l bawah nilai l T Statistics l (2,360) > 1,96 l atau nilai l p l Value ( 0,048) < l 0,05 yang l berarti hipotesis l diterima yang artinya l Preferensi Risiko (Z) memoderasi l pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan (X3 l ) terhadap kepatuhan l wajib pajak l (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Pembahasan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 322, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.1 Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar 2,935 l > 1,96 l dan l p-value l l 0,002 < 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l kesadaran wajib pajak l berpengaruh l positif signifikan l terhadap kepatuhan l l wajib, maka hipotesis pertama : diterima. Berdasarkan l hasil iden l tifikasi masala l h di KPP Pra l tama Meda l n Timur l pada tahun l 2022 diper l oleh waj l ib lapor terd l aftar dan wa l jib SPT se l banyak 150.440 l akan l tetapi ya l ng wajib la l por hanya l 48.3 l 30. Sem l akin tin l ggi kesadaran waji l b pajak, l maka semaki l n tinggi ke l patuhan l wajib paj l ak di l KPP l Pratama l Medan l Timu l r. Dari h l asil de l skripsi re l sponden ditemuka l n responden l yang lama m l emiliki l NPWP sel l ama > 1 l 0 tahun l sebanyak 46 l %. Res l ponden ya l g sud l ah lama memi l liki NPWP l sudah meny l adari bahwa l pembayar l an pajak itu l adalah su l dah sua l tu kew l ajiban yang h l arus dilakukan se l hingga menin l gkatkan kesa l daran wajib pajak l untuk m l ematuhi pembayar l an pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor rata-rata sebesar 4,24 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa kesadaran l wajib pajak l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l sangat l tinggi. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 63 (63%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi terdapat pada l item l pernyataan no l 1 dengan l pernyataan Kesad l aran saya l l membaya l r paja l k mer l upakan bentuk l partisipas l i saya l dalam menunjang l pembangunan n l egara, hal in l i menunju l kkan bahwa w l ajib pajak l KPP Prata l ma Medan l Timur l memiliki tingkat l kesad l aran tinggi l d l alam mela l kukan pem l bayaran pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 630, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada item pernyataan No.1 yaitu pada item Ke ll sadaran saya mem l bayar pajak merup l akan bentuk partis l ipasi say l a dalam l menunjang l pembangunan negara l dengan ni l lai cross l loading 0,947, hal l ini menuj l ukkan bahw l a wajib l pajak di l KPP Prata l ma Medan Tim l ur s l udah memiliki l tingkat kesada l ran yang ti l nggi dala l m memba l yar pajak. S l edangkan untuk l nilai cros l s loading terend l ah pada ite l m pernyataa l n No. 5 l yaitu Kesa l daran say l a tentang l pajak ditetapkan l dengan l Undang-Und l ang (UU) dan dap l at dipaksakan de l ngan nilai cr l oss loading 0,79 l 1. Hal i l ni menunju l kka l n bahwa masih ada beberapa wajib paj l ak orang pri l badi di K l PP Pratama l Medan Tim l ur belum l memiliki kesadara l n dalam membayar l paja l k dik l aitkan denga l n undang- unda l ng perpajaka l n yang berl l aku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "K l esadaran adalah ke l adaan me l ngetahui ata l u mengerti, sed l angkan perpajakan a l dalah peri l hal pajak. Seh l ingga kesada l ran perpajakan ad l alah keadaan m l engetahui atau l mengerti pe l rihal pajak (Arisandy, 2017). K l esadaran merupakan unsur l dalam l diri manusia l untuk mem l ahami realit l as dan ba l gaimana mereka l bertida l k dan be l rsikap terh l adap realitas. Ke l sadaran yang dim l iliki oleh man l usia kesada l ran dalam l diri, kesadara l n akan se l sama, ma l sa sil l am, dan kem l ungkinan masa de l pannya. Kesada l ran membayar pa l jak mem l iliki arti k l eadaan dim l ana seseorang meng l etahui, memahami, dan l mengerti l tentang cara me l mbayar pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 343 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 471, "height": 159, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l penelitian ini l sejalan dengan l hasil penelitian l yang dilakukan l oleh l ( l Hasugian, l 2018); (Putra l l et l al., l 2021); (Anam l et l al., l 2016); (Prima l Yuslina l et l al., l 2018); ( l Johanes l dkk, l 2017); (Putri l & l Setiawan, l 2017); ( l Brata et l l al., l 2017); (Hartana l & l Merkusiwati, l 2018) dan l (Rustandi & Kurnia, 2020) menun l jukkan bah l wa kesadara l n wajib l pajak berpen l garuh terhadap l kepatuhan wajib l pajak ora l ng prib l adi. Hal l ini be l rarti bahwa s l emakin tingg l i kesad l aran wajib pa l jak maka aka l n mampu m l eningkatkan t l ingkat kep l atuhan waji l b pajak. H l al ini l dapat l l dilihat dari l j l waban kuesioner l ya l ng diisi l ol l eh wajib l paj l ak di l KPP l Pratama l l Medan Timu l r yait l u bahwa l rata rat l a respon l den memili l h kesadaran San l gat tinggi at l as pern l yataan ya l ng ditanya l kan seban l yak 47 l %. Hal ini l menunj l ukkan bah l wa waj l ib p l ajak kesadaran Sangat l ti l nggi dala l m memah l ami ba l hwa me l mbayar paja l k meru l pakan bent l uk partisi l pasi dalam m l enunjang pembangunan l l negara, wajib l pajak menyadari l bahwa pembayaran l l pajak yang l ti l dak sesua l i akan be l rakibat pa l da kerugia l n yang akan l ditanggung n l egara, wajib paja l k men l yadari tentang l pajak ditetapkan l dengan l undang-undang l ( l UU) dan l dapat l dipaksakan, wajib l pajak l menyadari l aturan ke l tentuan l perpajakan l yang l ll berlaku, waj l ib pajak l menya l dari cara l m l engisi l formulir l sesu l ai deng l an penghasilan l (omzet) l yang sebenar l nya, waji l b pajak l menyadarai pemb l ayaran tepat wa l ktu tanpa paks l aan orang l l ain, bel l um menyadar l i apabila tid l ak membaya l r pajak aka l n merugika l n negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 329, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.2 Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 470, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,117 > 1,96 l dan l p-value l 0,017 < 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh l positif signifikan l terhadap kepatuhan l l wajib, maka l hipotesis kedua l : l diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dar l i hasil deskri l psi responde l n ditemuka l n respond l en yang berumu l r 36- l 45 ta l hun sebanyak l 27 % l da l n yang berpendidika l n S1 se l banyak 4 l 6 %. Res l ponden yang l memiliki us l ia yang ma l tang d l apat lebih ce l pat memahami tentan l g perpajaka l n dan pendid l ikan akan mem l pengaruhi daya l tanggap re l sponden untuk me l ningkatakan pengetah l uan sehingga l wajib l pajak dapat men l ingkatkan kepatuha l nnya. Semaki l n b l aik Pengetahu l an perpaja l kan, m l aka semakin ti l nggi kepatuha l n wajib pa l jak di KP l P Pratama M l edan Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 470, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor rata l -rata sebesar l 4,04 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa pengetahuan perpajakan l wajib pajak l di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l Baik. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 49 (49%) responden menjawab sangat baik terdapat pada item pernyataan no 3 dengan pernyataan Pengetahuan l saya tentang l prosedur atau l tata cara l pembayaran l pajak, hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa wajib l pajak KPP l Pratama Medan Timur l memiliki tingkat pengetahuan perpajakan yang sangat baik dalam memahami prosedur dan tata cara penbayaran pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 471, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada item pernyataan No.5 yaitu pada item Pengetahuan l saya bahwa l pajak l bersifat l memaksa l sehingga l apabila l terjadi l pelanggaran l maka l l akan l dikenakan sanksi l berupa l sanksi l administrasi (denda l ) dan sanksi l pidana (penjara l ) dengan nilai cross loading 0,925, l hal ini menujukkan bahwa l wajib pajak l orang pribadi l di KPP l Pratama Medan Timur sudah memiliki l pengetahuan yang sangat baik tekait sanksi perpajakan yang ada. Sedangkan untuk nilai l cross loading l terendah pada l item l pernyataan No. 1 yaitu Pengetahuan l saya tentang l fungsi dan l manfaat pajak l untuk membiayai l pembangunan l negara dan sarana l umum dengan nilai cross loading 0,755. Hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa masih ada beberapa wajib l pajak l orang pribadi l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur belum memiliki pengetahuan l perpajakan terkait alokasi pajak l yang telah dibayarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 525, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivit l as penyuluh l an yang dil l aksanakan di K l PP Pratama Medan Timur sem l akin me l ningkat, l Pada tah l un 2018 penyuluha l n men l capai 105,71%, pada tahu l n 2019 mencapai 108,33%, pada ta l hun 2020 m l encapai 118,42%, pada tahun 2021 mencapai 123,08% dan tahun 2022 mencapai 130%. Data l sosialisasinya melebihi l target yang l sudah l dibuat pemerintah. Sementara l sosialisasi yang l dilakukan oleh l pemerintah l diharapkan dapat l meningkatkan kesadaran wajib l pajak. Tetapi l sebaliknya masyarakat l yang melapor l SPT mengalami l penurunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l Pengetahuan wajib pajak l merupakan informasi l pajak yang l dapat digunakan l wajib pajak l sebagai dasar l untuk l bertindak, mengambil keputusan l dan untuk l menempuh arah l atau strategi l tertentu sehubungan l dengan l pelaksanaan hak dan l kewajibannya l di bidang l perpajakan. Informasi yang l dipahami dan l dimengerti wajib l pajak dapat l membuat l kesadaran wajib pajak l untuk mengambil l keputusan dan l bertindak untuk l membayar pajak l serta melaporkan l SPT l tahunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l penelitian ini l sejalan dengan l hasil penelitian l (Ermawati & Afifi, 2018); (Putri l & l Setiawan, l 2017); (Nadia Salsabila & Imahda Khoiri Furqon, 2020) dan (Yunianti et al., 2019) yang menunjuk l kan bah l wa pengetahuan perpajak l an berpeng l aruh terhada l p kepatu l han waji l b pajak l orang p l ribadi yang l menunju l kkan bahwa l pengetahuan perpajaka l n berpeng l aruh terhadap kepatuha l n wajib paj l ak orang p ll ribadi. Ha l l ini bera l rti bahwa s l emakin tin l ggi pengetahua l n perpajakan ma l ka akan mamp l u me l ningkatkan tin l gkat ke l patuhan w l ajib paja l k. Hal i l ni dapat l dilihat d l ari jawaban kuesio l ner yang diisi l oleh w l ajib paj l ak di K l PP Pratam l a Kesadaran l waji l b pajak l di KPP Pra l tama Me l dan Timur m l asih rendah terliha l t pada w l ajib lapor terda l ftar dan wa l jib S l PT pad l a tahun l 202 l 2 seba l nyak 1 l 50.440 aka l n tetapi ya l ng wajib la l por ha l nya 4 l 8.330. l bahwa rata l -rata respo l nden memil l ih penget l ahuan baik at l as pernyataan yan l g ditanyakan s l ebanyak 3 l 9%. Hal ini l menunj l ukkan bahwa w l ajib pajak meng l etahui fungsi l dan l manfaat, mengetahui l prosedur atau l tata cara l pembayaran l pajak, mengetahui informasi l perpajakan dengan l mudah l diperoleh da l ri media l m l asa, spanduk l d l an media l c l etak l lainnya l , mengetahu l i bahwa l l pajak bers l ifat l mema l ksa, l mengetahui bah l wa dalam l undang- un l dang perpaja l kan, bag l i wajib paj l ak yang terla l mbat atau l tidak l membayar pajak l dapat diberik l an sanksi admin l istrasi dan sanks l i pid l ana, meng l etahui lokasi pem l bayaran paj l ak dan be l lum mengetah l ui cara m l enghitung jumlah paj l ak yang ditanggu l ng.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 344 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 302, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.3 Pengaruh Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 105, "width": 470, "height": 89, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,544 > 1,96 l dan l p-value l 0,006 l < l 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l pengetahuan perpajakan berpengaruh l positif signifikan l terhadap kepatuhan l l wajib, maka hipotesis ketiga : diterima. Berdasarkan l hasil identifikasi l masalah di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur diperoleh l bahwa l jumlah Surat Tagihan Pajak l yang diterbitkan KPP Medan Timur mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Akan tetapi sanksi perpajakan di KPP Pratama jumlah l Surat Tagihan l Pajak yang l diterbitkan KPP l Pratama l Medan l Timur mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Tetap dijalankan semaksimal mungkin dan masyarakat setuju dengan adanya sanksi pajak tersebut. wajib pajak setuju dengan sanksi l perpajakan di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l sehingga dapat meningkatkan tingkat l kepatuhan wajib l l pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan l penjelasan hasil l jawaban responden total skor rata-rata sebesar 4,01 hal ini l menunjukkan bahwa l wajib pajak l di KPP l Pratama Medan Timur Setuju l dengan adanya sanksi l perpajakan. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 36 (36%) responden l menjawab sangat setuju l terdapat pada l item pernyataan l no 4 dengan pernyataan Sanksi l yang di l berikan kepada l wajib pajak l harus sesuai l dengan keterlambatan pembayaran, hal l ini menunjukkan bahwa wajib pajak KPP Pratama Medan Timur memiliki setuju dengan adanya sanksi perpajakan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada item pernyataan No.6 yaitu pada item Pengena l an sanksi y l ang cukup l berat l merupakan sa l lah satu l sarana mendid l k w l ajib pajak dengan l nilai cross loading 0,885, hal ini menujukkan bahw l a l wajib p l ajak ora l ng pribadi d l i KPP l Pra l tama Meda l n Timur set l uju bah l wa sanksi perp l ajakan merup l akan sarana yang l mendidik ba l gi wajib p l ajak KPP Prat l ama Meda l n Timur. Seda l ngkan untuk nilai cr l oss loading terend l ah pada item l pernyataa l n No. 1 l yaitu Sanksi l pajak s l angat di p l erlukan unt l uk menciptakan ke l displinan setiap l wajib pajak d l engan nilai l cross loadi l ng 0,7 l 19. Hal i l ni menunjukkan b l ahwa ma l sih ada beberap l a wajib paj l ak orang pri l badi di K l PP Pratama l Medan Timu l r belum d l isiplin dalam l menerapkan san l ksi perpajakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l penelitian ini l sejalan dengan l hasil penelitian l yang dilakukan l oleh Hasil l penelitian l (Anam et l l al., 2016); (Juliantari et al., 2021); (Lumban Gaol & Sarumaha, 2022); (Lumban Gaol & Sarumaha, 2022) dan (Septyana & Suprasto, 2019) ya l ng menunjukka l n bahwa sanks l i perpaja l kan berpengaru l h terhadap k l epatuha l n wajib p l ajak orang pr l ibadi. Hal ini berar l ti bahw l a semakin tingg l i sanksi l perpajakan l maka akan l mampu m l eningkatkan tingkat l kepatuhan wajib p l ajak. Hal ini l dapat dil l hat dari jawab l an kuesioner l yang di l isi oleh wajib l pajak di l KPP l Pratama Me l dan Timur b l ahwa rat l a-rata resp l onden memilih l setuju de l ngan sanksi per l pajakan yan l g diterap l kan di K l PP Pratam l a Medan Tim l ur sebanyak l 46%. H l al ini men l unjukkan bahwa sank l si yang dite l rapkan l di KPP P l ratama Medan T l imur Su l dah baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.4 Preferensi Risiko Tidak Mampu Memoderasi Kesadaran Wajib Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 468, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l t-statistik l sebesar l 0,142 l < 1,96 l dan l p-value l l 0,443 > 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l bahwa Preferensi l Risiko Tidak l Mampu Memoderasi l Kesadaran Wajib l Pajak terhadap l Kepatuhan Wajib l l Pajak, maka l hipotesis keempat l : l ditolak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor l rata-rata l sebesar l 3,63 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa Preferensi Risiko di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur Tinggi sehingga l dapat meningkatkan l tingkat kepatuhan l wajib l pajak. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 30 (30%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi pada risiko sosial pada item pernyataan no 5 dengan pernyataan Perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan l wajib l pajak, hal ini l menunjukkan bahwa l preferensi risiko mempengaruhi kesadaran l wajib pajak KPP Pratama Medan Timur dalam mematuhi perubahan kebijakan pemerintah. Semakin setuju wajib pajak akan sanksi perpajakan, maka l semakin tinggi l kepatuhan wajib l pajak l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 470, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan l hasil l pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada Risiko Keselamatan dengan item pernyataan No. 9 yaitu l Keselamatan dalam l bekerja dapat l mempengaruhi seseorang l sebagai wajib l pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,960, hal ini menujukkan bahwa Keselamatan dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi kesadaran wajib l pajak orang l pribadi di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l dalam membayar l l pajak. Sedangkan untuk nilai cross loading terendah pada Risiko Keuangan dengan item pernyataan No. 2 l yaitu Wajib l pajak yang l berwirausaha l mempengaruhi kepatuhan wajib l pajak dalam l melaporkan pajak l dengan nilai cross loading 0,824. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa risiko keuangan terkhusus bagi wajib pajak orang pribadi yang memiliki usaha masih rendah dalam meningkatkan kesadaran wajib pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 470, "height": 67, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ha l sil ini sejalan den l gan penelit l ian l yang dilakukan l o l leh (Elsani & Aries Tanno, 2023) disim l pulkan bahwa pr l eferensi risiko ti l dak dapat mem l oderasi pengar l uh kesadaran wa l jib pajak terhada l p kepatuhan wa l jib paja l k. Ha l l ini dap l at dilihat d l ari jaw l aban kues l ioner yang dii l si oleh l wajib pa l jak di l KPP Prat l ama Me l dan Timur l bahwa ra l ta rata re l sponden memilih pr l eferensi risiko tin l ggi atas pernyataan yang di l tanyakan sebany l ak 41% l . Semakin tin l ggi prefere l nsi risiko se l seorang maka l akan sem l akin rendah l kesadaran l wajib pajak te l rsebut sehin l gga tingka l t kepatuhan w l ajib pajak a l kan berkurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 450, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.5 Preferensi Risiko Mampu Memoderasi Pengetahuan Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,127 > 1,96 l dan l p-value 0,030 l < 0,05 l menunjukkan bahwa l bahwa Preferensi l Risiko Mampu l Memoderasi Pengetahuan l Perpajakan terhadap l Kepatuhan Wajib l l Pajak, maka l hipotesis kelima l : l diterima. D l ari hasil deskrip l si responden l ditemukan l repsonden yan l g berpen l didikan S1 seba l nyak 46 l %. Pend l idikan ini l akan mempenga l ruhi pemaha l man resp l onden tent l ang perpaja l kan. Berdasar l kan hasil id l entifikasi masalah l yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 345 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dil l akukan di K l PP Pratama Med l an Tim l ur diperole l h bahwa sos l ialisasi perpa l jakan selalu l dilaksanak l an setia l p tahun l nya dan selalu melebi l hi target l sosilisasi. Se l tiap keluar p l eraturan terbaru terk l ait per l pajakan, KPP l Pratama Med l an Timur s l e l lalu mengadakan l sosialisasi l baik mengunda l ng waj l ib pajak data l ng ke ka l ntor atau l pun pihak wa l jib paj l ak yang meng l undang fiskus, pa l da saat pan l demi sosialis l asi dilaksana l kan secara dar l ing. Keefekti l fan penyuluha l n mencapai 130 l % pada l tah l un 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor l rata-rata l sebesar l 3,63 l hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa Preferensi l Risiko di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l Tinggi sehingga l dapat meningkatkan l tingkat kepatuhan l wajib l pajak. Dari l deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 30 (30%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi pada risiko sosial pada item pernyataan no 5 dengan pernyataan Perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan l wajib l pajak, hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa preferensi l risiko mempengaruhi l pengetahuan wajib l pajak KPP l Pratama Medan l Timur dalam l mematuhi perubahan l kebijakan l pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada Risiko Keselamatan dengan item pernyataan No. 9 yaitu l Keselamatan dalam l bekerja dapat l mempengaruhi seseorang l sebagai wajib l pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,960, hal ini menujukkan bahwa Keselamatan dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi pengetahuan wajib l pajak orang l pribadi l di KPP Pratama l Medan Timur l dalam membayar pajak. Sedangkan untuk nilai cross loading terendah pada Risiko Keuangan dengan item pernyataan No. l 2 yaitu Wajib l pajak l yang berwirausaha mempengaruhi l kepatuhan wajib l pajak dalam l melaporkan pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,824. l Hal ini menunjukkan l bahwa pengetahuan l perpajakan wa l jib pajak l orang pribadi l KPP Pr l atama Medan l Timu l r masih rend l ah terka l it risiko keu l angan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil l ini sejalan de l ngan pene l litian yang di l lakukan ole l h Peneliti l an (Prima Yuslina et al., 2018) y l ang menyatakan bahwa l Pengetahu l an perpajaka l n yang dim l oderasi prefere l nsi resik l o wajib l pajak mem l iliki peng l aruh yang sign l ifikan terh l adap kepatuhan wa l jib pajak di l kota Peka l nbaru. Berda l sarkan kuesione l r yang d l iisi oleh wa l jib pajak l di KP l P Prata l ma Medan T l imur diperoleh bah l wa rata-ra l ta respon l den dengan Prefere l nsi Risiko Ti l nggi sebany l ak 41% l . Hal i l ni menunjukkan ba l hwa pengetahuan perpaj l akan yang ba l ik, didukun l g dengan prefer l ensi resiko l wajib pa l jak akan memun l gkinkan dirinya untu l k patuh memba l yar pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 423, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.6 Preferensi Risiko Mampu Memoderasi Sanksi Perpajakan terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 471, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai l l t-statistik sebesar l 2,360 > 1,96 l dan l p-value l 0,048 < l 0,05 me l nunjukkan bahw l a ba l hwa Pref l erensi Risiko Mampu l Memodera l si Sanksi l Perpaja l kan terhadap Kepatu l han Wajib Pajak l , maka hip l otesis kee l nam : diterima. Faktor pendorong a l danya keadil l an maupu l n efektivi l tas pajak, m l aka yang sangat l berpera l n ialah l sanksi harus optim l al, teg l as, dan l penuh l tanggu l ng jawab da l lam penc l egahan ketidakp l atu l han. Didika l n dari fi l skus akan me l mbuat WP l akan sel l alu patuh pa l da sistem pe l rpajakan, tam l bahan kembali l sank l si juga l harus obj l ektif propo l rsional adil k l epada selur l uh Wa l jib Pajak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 467, "width": 471, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan hasil jawaban responden total skor l rata-rata l sebesar l 3,63 hal l ini menunjukkan l bahwa Preferensi Risiko di l KPP Pratama l Medan Timur Tinggi sehingga l dapat meningkatkan l tingkat kepatuhan l wajib l pajak. Dari deskripsi jawaban responden skor tertinggi yaitu sebesar 30 (30%) responden menjawab sangat tinggi pada risiko sosial pada item pernyataan no 5 dengan pernyataan Perubahan kebijakan dari pemerintah akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan l wajib l pajak, hal ini l menunjukkan bahwa l preferensi risiko mempengaruhi Sanksi Perpajakan wajib l pajak l orang pribadi l pada KPP l Pratama Medan l Timur l dalam mematuhi perubahan kebijakan pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 471, "height": 90, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan cross loading terdapat nilai tertinggi pada Risiko Keselamatan dengan item pernyataan No. 9 yaitu ll Keselamatan dalam l bekerja dapat l mempengaruhi seseorang l sebagai wajib l pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,960, hal ini menujukkan bahwa Keselamatan dalam bekerja dapat mempengaruhi sanksi perpajakan waj l ib pajak oran l g pribadi d l i KPP Pratama l Medan l Timur dala l m membayar pajak. Sedangkan untuk nilai cross loading terendah pada Risiko Keuangan dengan item pernyataan No. 2 l yaitu W l ajib paj l ak yang ber l wirausaha mem l pengaruhi kepatuh l an waji l b pajak dalam melaporkan pajak dengan nilai cross loading 0,824. Ha l l ini menunju l kkan bahwa l sanksi perp l ajakan wajib pajak l orang prib l adi KPP Pratama M l edan Timur masih rendah terkait risiko keuangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil ini l sejalan l dengan pe l nelitian yang di l lakukan o l leh (Wulandari, 2020) yang menyatakan bahwa Pr l eferensi risik l o memoder l asi hubungan san l ksi perpa l jakan terhadap l kepatu l han WP. D l engan de l mikian, WP l aka l n patu l h jika ter l dapat sa l nksi yan l g meng l ikat serta W l P harus l memperha l tikan dalam pela l ksanaan ba l yar pajak ialah risiko.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 104, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 473, "height": 89, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesadar l an Wajib Pajak l berpenga l ruh terhad l ap kepatu l han wajib p l ajak. Sema l kin ting l gi kesadar l an wajib pa l jak maka sem l akin ting l gi kepa l tuhan wajib p l ajak di K l PP Pratam l a Med l an Timur. Penget l ahuan Perpajak l an berpeng l aruh terhadap kep l atuhan wajib l pajak. Sem l akin baik P l engetahuan Perpa l jakan maka s l emakin tin l ggi kepatuh l an wajib paj l ak di KPP P l ratama M l edan Timur. San l ksi Perpa l jakan berpengar l uh terhad l ap kepatu l han wa l jib pajak. Semakin l setuju l Wajib pajak l dengan sanks l i perpajakan mak l a semakin tin l ggi kepat l uhan wajib l pajak l di KPP P l ratama M l edan Timur. Prefere l nsi Risiko tida l k dapat m l emoderasi pen l garuh Kesada l ran Wajib l Pajak ter l hadap kep l atuhan Wajib Pajak. Sem l akin tinggi pr l eferensi risiko l seseora l ng maka l akan semak l in rendah kes l adaran w l ajib paja l k s l ehingga tingk l at kepatu l han wajib l pajak juga aka l n rendah. Prefere l nsi Risiko l dapat memod l erasi pe l ngaruh peng l etahuan terhada l p", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 20, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ekonomi, Keuangan, Investasi dan Syariah (EKUITAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 34, "width": 185, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol 5, No 2, November 2023, Hal 336−346 ISSN 2685-869X (media online) https://ejurnal.seminar-id.com/index.php/ekuitas DOI 10.47065/ekuitas.v5i2.4389", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 807, "width": 342, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2023 the author, Page 346 This Journal is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 470, "height": 44, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepat l uhan Wajib l Pajak. l Semakin ting l gi pre l ferensi risiko s l eseorang m l aka aka l n semaki l n tinggi l pengetahuan per l pajakan w l ajib pajak sehin l gga ting l kat kepatuh l an wajib p l ajak juga l akan l tinggi. Pr l eferensi Risik l o dapat l memoderasi p l engaruh Sank l si Perpa l jakan terh l adap kep l atuhan Wajib l Pajak. Se l makin tinggi prefe l rensi risiko ses l eorang maka l akan sem l akin tinggi l sanksi perpaj l akan sehingga l tingkat ke l patuhan wajib paja l k juga aka l n tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 90, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 160, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anam, M. C., Andini, R., & Hartono. (2016). Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Pelayanan Fiskus Dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Yang Melakukan Kegiatan Usaha Dan Pekerjaan Bebas Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi di KPP Pratama Salatiga).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arisandy, N. (2017). Pengaruh Pemahaman Wajib Pajak, Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Yang Melakukan Kegiatan Bisnis Online Di Pekanbaru. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 14(1), 62– 71.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Brata, J. D., Yuningsih, I., & Kesuma, A. I. (2017). Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak , Pelayanan Fiskus , dan Sanksi Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang Melakukan Kegiatan Usaha dan Pekerjaan Bebas di Kota Samarinda The Effect of Taxpayer Awareness , Fiscal Services , and Tax Sanctions on. Forum Ekonomi, 19(1), 69–81.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 470, "height": 18, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elsani, K., & Aries Tanno. (2023). Preferensi Risiko dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Pemahaman Peraturan Perpajakan , Sanksi Perpajakan dan Kesadaran Wajib Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. 7(46), 1401–1423.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 470, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ermawati, N., & Afifi, Z. (2018). Pengaruh Pengetahuan dan Sanksi terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dengan Religiusitas sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. Syntax Literate ; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 6(6), 3080. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v6i6.1430 Hartana, I. M. G., & Merkusiwati, N. K. L. A. (2018). Sosialisasi Perpajakan Memoderasi Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak dan Sanksi Perpajakan pada Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 25, 1506. https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2018.v25.i02.p26 Hasugian, M. J. (2018). Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Dan Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Sibolga. Universitas Medan Area, 1(061), 1–84.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Johanes dkk. (2017). Pengaruh Pemahaman Wajib Pajak, Kesadaran Pajak, Sanksi Perpajakan dan Pelayanan Fiskus Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak (Studi Empiris Pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi yang Terdaftar di KPP Pratama Manado). Jurnal EMBA, ISSN 2303-1174, 5(2), 443–453.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 367, "width": 470, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Juliandi, A. (2016). Metode Penelitian Sosial Dan Ekonomi. Media inn. Juliantari, N. K. A., Sudiartana, I. M., & Dicriyani, N. L. G. M. (2021). Pengaruh kesadaran wajib pajak, kualitas pelayanan, kewajiban moral, sanksi pajak, dan sosialisasi pajak terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak dalam membayar pajak kendaraan bermotor di kantor samsat gianyar. Jurnal Kharisma, 3(1), 128–139.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 469, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lumban Gaol, R., & Sarumaha, F. H. (2022). Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Pelayanan Fiskus, Penyuluhan Wajib Pajak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 419, "width": 455, "height": 18, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemeriksaan Pajak Dan Sanksi Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Pada Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Medan Petisah. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi & Keuangan, 8(1), 134–140. https://doi.org/10.54367/jrak.v8i1.1762", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 439, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nadia Salsabila, & Imahda Khoiri Furqon. (2020). Pengaruh Pengetahuan Perpajakan, Ketegasan Sanksi Perpajakan, dan Keadilan Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM di Kota Pekalongan. Jurnal Akuntansi, Perpajakan Dan Auditing, 1(2), 263–276. https://doi.org/10.21009/japa.0102.09", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 470, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prima Yuslina, Tanjung, A. R., & Silfi, A. (2018). Pengaruh Pelayanan Fiskus, Pengetahuan Perpajakan dan Kesadaran Wajib Pajak Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dengan Kondisi Keuangan dan Preferensi Resiko Wajib Pajak Sebagai Variabel Moderating (Study Empiris pada Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi di Kota Pekanbar. Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 13(2), 40–57. https://doi.org/10.30630/jam.v13i2.38", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Putra, I. M. W., AMP, I. N. K., & Sudiartana, I. M. (2021). Pengaruh Kesadaran Wajib Pajak, Sanksi Pajak, Sosialisasi Pajak Dan Penerapan E-Billing Terhadap Kepatuhan Membayar Pajak Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Di Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Badung Utara. Jurnal Kharisma, 3(1), 117–127.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 469, "height": 18, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Putri, K. J., & Setiawan, P. E. (2017). Pengaruh Kesadaran, Pengetahuan dan Pemahaman Perpajakan, Kualitas Pelayanan dan Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi Universitas Udayana, 18(2), 1112–1140.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 171, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Resmi, S. (2017). Perpajakan. Salemba Empat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 574, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rustandi, R., & Kurnia, I. (2020). How Taxpayer Awareness, Taxpayer Knowledge, Tax Sanctions, Tax Service Quality Affect on Motor Vehicles Taxpayer Compliance in Bandung City. Jurnal Imiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, Dan Akuntansi), 4(2), 555–571.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 605, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Septyana, K. P., & Suprasto, H. B. (2019). Effect of taxation knowledge, fiscus service, and tax sanctions on tax obligation compliance with tax amnesty as moderated variables. International Research Journal of Management, IT and Social Sciences, 6(6), 111–117. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjmis.v6n6.773", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 470, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif Dan R&D. Alfabeta. Wulandari, R. (2020). Analisis Pemahaman Dan Sanksi Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Melalui Preferensi Risiko Sebagai Variabel Moderasi. Journal of Business and Banking, 10(1), 169. https://doi.org/10.14414/jbb.v10i1.2298 Yunianti, L. N., Putri, N. K., Sudibyo, Y. A., & Rafinda, A. (2019). The Influence of Awareness, Moral Obligations, Tax Access,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 677, "width": 456, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Service Quality and Tax Sanctions on Taxpayer compliance in Paying Motor Vehicle Tax. Journal of Accounting and Strategic Finance, 2(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33005/jasf.v2i1.20", "type": "Text" } ]

15608a7d-fe62-103e-35f7-3d19dd4d1552

https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/agritepa/article/download/725/622

[ { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "144", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 75, "width": 401, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "OPTIMASI RASIO TEPUNG TERIGU, TEPUNG PISANG DAN TEPUNG UMBI TALAS SERTA ZAT ADITIF PADA PEMBUATAN MIE BASAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 116, "width": 452, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RATIO OPTIMIZATION OF WHEAT FLOUR, BANANA FLOUR, TARO FLOUR AND ADDITIVES SUBSTANCE IN PROCESSING OF WET NOODLE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 272, "top": 168, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahyudi 1)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 181, "width": 433, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Program Studi Teknologi Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 252, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 454, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mie biasanya terdiri dari tepung terigu, Penggunaan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas bertujuan untuk dapat tetap menghasilkan mie dengan struktur mikro dan cita rasa yang sama dengan mie berbasis tepung terigu, maka perlu dicari bahan untuk mensubstitusi fungsi gluten tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggaruh meggunakan CMC dan karagenan terhadap kadar air, kadar abu, elastisitas mutu organoleptik mie basah. Penelitian ini dilakukan 3 tahap, yaitu tahap pengolahan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas, tahap pengolahan mie basah dan tahap analisis. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 perlakuan dan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu: tepung pisang: tepung umbi talas dan perlakuan penggunaan zat aditif. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi analisa kadar air, kadar abu, elastisitas dan uji organoleptik mie basah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisa kadar air, kadar abu, elastisitas mie basah menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat signifikasi 5%. Dengan nilai kadar air 48,89% hingga 56,15%, kadar abu 1,26% hingga 3,07 dan elastisitas 2,54 hingga 3,45. Hasil analisa uji organoleptik menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap warna, rasa, tekstur, dan aroma pada tingkat singnifikasi 5%. Dengan skala nilai rasa mie basah 3,2 hingga 3,95, warna mie basah 3,35 hingga 4,25, aroma mie basah 3,45 hingga 4,05, tekstur mie basah 3,2 hingga 3,75.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 368, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : mie basah, tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 556, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 583, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noodle usually consists of wheat flour. The use of banana flour and taro tuber flour aim to produce noodles with microstructure and similar taste to wheat flour-based noodles. It is necessary to find materials to substitute the function of the gluten. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to know the effect of using CMC and karagen on water content, ash content, wet noodle elasticity of the organoleptic quality. This research was conducted three steps, namely banana and tuber taro flour processing, wet noodle processing and analisis step. This study consisted of two treatment, such as: comparison treatment wheat flour : banana flour : taro tuber flour and additives substance treatment. The analysis was conducted such as water content, ash content, elasticity and organoleptic test of wet noodle.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 708, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results of analysis water content, ash content, elasticity of wet noodle showed differences at 5% significance level. In water content 48.89% to 56.15%, ash content of 1.26% up to 3.07 and elasticity 2.54 to 3.45. The results of organoleptic tests showed significant effect on the color, taste, texture and flavor at 5% significance level. In the scale", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "145", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of wet noodles taste between 3.2 and 3.95, the color 3.35 to 4.25, the flavor 3.45 to 4.05 and the texture of wet noodles 3.2 to 3.75.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 116, "width": 343, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: wet noodles, wheat flour, banana flour and taro tuber flour.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 177, "width": 208, "height": 259, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diversifikasi pangan di Indonesia menjadi masalah penting bagi masyarakat maupun pemerintah (Suyastiri, 2008). Selain untuk mempertahankan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia, diversifikasi pangan berperan juga dalam meningkatkan gizi pangan dan nilai tambah dari berbagai komoditi. Mengingat kekayaan Indonesia akan komoditi - komoditi pangan, maka perlu dikembangkan produksi makanan dari sumber-sumber yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan dan nutrisinya cukup baik (Antarlina dan Utomo, 1997).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 446, "width": 208, "height": 321, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena alasan tekstur dan cita rasa, mie umumnya dibuat dari tepung terigu yang nilai Glycemix Index- nya tinggi (85). GI yang tinggi menaikkan kadar gula darah dengan cepat yang mendorong pada kegemukan. Dari sekian banyak sumber karbohidrat, dipilih tepung pisang dan umbi talas dengan nilai GI lebih rendah (56 dan 61) ( Chandler, 1995), yang dapat memperlambat pelepasan kadar gula darah sehingga dapat bertahan cukup lama di usus besar ( resistant starch tinggi). Bahan baku ini harganya murah dan produksinya masih dapat ditingkatkan karena budidayanya mudah. Pertimbangan lain, pisang dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 156, "width": 208, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "umbi talas memiliki kandungan nilai gizi dan serat yang baik (FAO, 1990).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 197, "width": 211, "height": 446, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal yang membedakan tepung terigu dengan tepung lain adalah gluten yang menentukan sifat rheologi dan tekstur adonan mie. Untuk dapat tetap menghasilkan mie dengan struktur mikro dan cita rasa yang sama dengan mie berbasis tepung terigu, maka perlu dicari bahan untuk mensubstitusi fungsi gluten tersebut (Astawan, 2008). Dengan dapat dikembangkannya tepung pisang dan umbi talas sebagai bahan baku pembuatan mie. Penggunaan CMC sebesar 1,5 % akan dapat meningkatkan kekenyalan dan keliatan, tidak lengket dan licin. CMC juga berfungsi agar mie menjadi lebih elastis dan tidak mudah menjadi bubur apabila mie dimasak ( Suyastiri, 2008). Penambahan karagenan pada mie basah dapat meningkatkan kekenyalan karena mampu berinteraksi dengan makro molekul sehingga mampu membentuk gel (FAO, 1990).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 674, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 694, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 715, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan baku pembuat adonan mie yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pisang, umbi talas, tepung terigu, air,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "146", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "telur, garam dan minyak goreng.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 209, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara, zat aditif yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini untuk menggantikan fungsi gluten adalah CMC dan karagenan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralatan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peralatan utama dalam penelitian ini yaitu mixer, neraca, dryer , blender alat pembuat mie (ekstruder sederhana dan roller ), saringan dan kompor. Untuk analisis, digunakan peralatan pendukung berupa texture analyzer , hot plate , dan moisture analyzer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 208, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian yang dilakukan dalam pembuatan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 447, "width": 201, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pisang atau umbi talas yang sudah cukup matang atau tua, dan yang berkualitas baik tanpa cacat. dikupas kulitnya dan potong-potong dengan ketebalan + 3 mm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 551, "width": 201, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kemudian direndam di dalam 2 liter air yang telah dicampurkan dengan 1,5 g sodium metabisulfit. Durasi perendaman selama 10 menit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 634, "width": 187, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perendaman ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menghilangkan getah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 675, "width": 201, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Setelah 10 menit, potongan pisang ditiriskan dalam sebuah wadah yang berpori.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 75, "width": 201, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Setelah bersih dari larutan rendaman, dijemur di bawah terik sinar matahari.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 116, "width": 154, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjemuran kurang lebih 2 hari.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 137, "width": 201, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Setelah kering sempurna, bahan kemudian digiling atau dihaluskan dengan menggunakan blender.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 199, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Proses pengayakan menggunakan 80", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 220, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mesh jadilah tepung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 261, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Pengolahan Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 208, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan mie basah dengan variasi perlakuan bahan baku yaitu komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan . Proses pengolahan mie basah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 406, "width": 202, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tepung terigu dicampur dengan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan komposisi sesuai perlakuan. Kemudian ditambah garam 10 g, telur 1 butir air 200 ml dan 1,5 % zat aditif (CMC atau Karagenan) hingga membentuk adonan yang kalis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 551, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pembentukan lembaran mie,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 340, "top": 572, "width": 187, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan roll press . Kemudian dilakukan pembaluran dengan tepung terigu sebanyak 50 g dengan tujuan agar mie yang dihasilkan dapat terpisah satu sama lainnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 325, "top": 675, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pencetakan mie, dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 696, "width": 187, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan alat cetak mie d. Perebusan, dilakukan selama 3 menit dalam air panas dengan suhu 90 0 C", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "147", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 75, "width": 201, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Penirisan dan pembaluran, setelah proses perebusan kemudian dilakukan penirisan dan pembaluran dengan minyak goreng 30 ml.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 178, "width": 108, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlakuan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 208, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini terdiri dari 2 perlakuan yaitu perlakuan komposisi tepung dan penambahan zat aditif dengan uraian berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Variasi perlakuan komposisi tepung :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 302, "width": 172, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T1 : Terigu, pisang dan umbi talas ( 100 g, 200 g, 300 g ) T2 : Terigu, pisang dan umbi talas ( 200 g, 300 g, 100 g ) T3 : Terigu, pisang dan umbi talas ( 300 g, 100 g, 200 g )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 427, "width": 208, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Variasi perlakuan penambahan zat aditif :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 468, "width": 114, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P1 : CMC 1,5 % P2 : Karagenan 1,5 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 530, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 551, "width": 208, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis penelitian yaitu dengan menganalisis kadar air, kadar abu dan elastisitas mie basah yang dihasilkan serta dilakukan uji organoleptik dengan parameter warna, rasa, tekstur, dan aroma dengan 20 panelis terlatih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 696, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Rendemen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen adalah peresentase produk yang didapatkan dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membandingkan berat awal bahan dengan berat akhirnya. Sehingga dapat diketahui kehilangan beratnya proses pengolahan. Rendeman didapatkan dengan cara (menghitung) menimbang berat akhir bahan yang dihasilkan dari proses dibandingkan dengan berat bahan awal sebelum mengalami proses. (Mushollaeni, 2006)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen Tepung Pisang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 302, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan tepung pisang dilakukan menggunakan 3000 g Pisang Ambon mengkal melalui proses pengirisan, penjemuran dan pengayakan sehingga dihasilkan tepung pisang sebanyak 1000 g. Sehingga diperoleh rendemen sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 447, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen = 1000 x 100 % = 33,33 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 382, "top": 468, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3000", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 489, "width": 208, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil perhitungan rendemen pengolahan tepung pisang di atas bisa diketahui bahwa pengolahan tepung pisang menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 33,33 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 613, "width": 163, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen Tepung Umbi Talas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 634, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan tepung umbi talas dilakukan menggunakan 3000 g umbi talas melalui proses pengirisan, penjemuran dan pengayakan sehingga dihasilkan tepung umbi talas sebanyak 1000 g. Sehingga diperoleh rendemen sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "148", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 193, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen = 1000 x 100 % = 33,33 %", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3000 Dari hasil perhitungan rendemen pengolahan tepung umbi talas di atas bisa diketahui bahwa pengolahan tepung umbi talas menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 33,33 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen Pengolahan Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan mie basah menggunakan tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas digunakan 600 g, sehingga dihasilkan mie basah sebanyak 1000 g. Sehingga diperoleh rendemen sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendemen = 1000 x 100 % = 166,66 % 600 Dari hasil perhitungan rendemen pengolahan mie basah di atas bisa diketahui bahwa pengolahan mie basah menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 166,66 %.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 551, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Kadar Air Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 572, "width": 208, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Air merupakan komponen penting dalam bahan makanan, karena dapat mempengaruhi penampakan, tekstur, serta cita rasa makanan. Kandungan air dalam makanan itu menentukan acceptability, kesegaran daya tahan bahan (Winarno, 2004). Walaupun air bukan merupakan sumber nutrien, tetapi sangat esensial dalam proses biokimiawi organisme hidup. Oleh karena itu, kadar air dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bahan pangan sangat menentukan sifat fisik, kimia, organoleptik dan umur simpan bahan pangan yang bersangkutan. Hasil analisis kadar air mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang, dan tepung umbi talas dapat dilihat pada tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 220, "width": 208, "height": 528, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis kadar air mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 51,11% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 56,15% perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 53,30% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 51,46% ,dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 54,31% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 48,89. Kadar air pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas belum sesuai standar SNI (1992) yaitu kandungan kadar air mie basah berkisar antara 20% hingga 35%. Pada penelitian ini kadar air mie basah tidak memenuhi standar SNI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "149", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 465, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Nilai Rerata Analisis Kadar Air Mie Basah (%) Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 51,11 b 53,30 b 54,31 a Karagenan (1,5%) 56,15 a 51,46 b 48,89 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 201, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada tarif signifikasi 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 259, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Kadar Abu Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kadar abu merupakan campuran dari komponen anorganik atau mineral yang terdapat pada suatu bahan pangan. Bahan pangan terdiri dari 96% bahan anorganik dan air, sedangkan sisanya merupakan unsur – unsur mineral.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 211, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unsur juga dikenal sebagai zat organik atau kadar abu. Kadar abu tersebut dapat menunjukkan total mineral dalam suatu bahan pangan. Bahan – bahan organik dalam proses pembakaran akan terbakar tetapi komponen anorganiknya tidak, karena itulah disebut sebagai kadar abu (Zahro, 2013). Penentuan kadar abu total", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 258, "width": 208, "height": 301, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bertujuan untuk menentukan baik atau tidaknya suatu pengolahan, mengetahui jenis bahan yang digunakan, dan sebagai penentu parameter nilai gizi suatu bahan makanan. Abu adalah zat anorganik sisa hasil pembakaran suatu bahan organik. penentuan kadar abu berhubungan erat dengan kandungan mineral yang terdapat dalam suatu bahan, kemurnian serta kebersihan suatu bahan yang dihasilkan (Zahro, 2013). Hasil analisa terhadap kadar abu mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 590, "width": 296, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Nilai Rerata Analisis Kadar Abu Mie Basah (%)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 437, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 1,73 a 3,07 a 2,02 a Karagenan (1,5%) 1,59 a 2,01 a 1,26 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 695, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada tarif signifikasi 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "150", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 383, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis kadar abu mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis kadar abu mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 1,73% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 1,59%, perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,07% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 2,01%, dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 2,02% dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 1,26%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 208, "height": 301, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis kadar abu mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang, dan tepung umbi talas sesuai dengan standar SNI (1992) dimana kandungan kadar abu maksimum yaitu 3%, sedangkan pada perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas kandungan kadar abu berkisar antara 1,26 % hingga 3,07%. Kadar abu adalah zat anorganik hasil pembakaran suatu bahan organik dimana kadar abu tersebut berhubungan dengan mineral suatu bahan yang dipengaruhi oleh varitas dan bagian tanaman yang digunakan (Sudarmadji et al .,1989).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 197, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat aditif adalah zat yang ditambahkan ke dalam makanan sebagai hasil dari berbagai tahap pengolahan, penyimpanan, maupun pengemasan. Zat aditif berperan sebagai bentuk modifikasi bahan-bahan yang secara alamiah ada dalam bahan makanan sebelumnya. Penambahan zat aditif berupa CMC dan karagenan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kadar abu mie basah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 303, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Elastisitas Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 323, "width": 208, "height": 260, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Elastisitas mie basah dalam penelitian ini diketahui melalui akumulasi waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh mie untuk menahan beban 0,58 g yang diberikan sampai mie tersebut putus, semakin lama waktu yang dibutuhkan mie untuk menahan beban sampai mie tersebut putus maka semakin elastis mie yang dihasilkan. Hasil analisis waktu putus mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 592, "width": 217, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis elastisitas mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak beda nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis elastisitas mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "151", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 197, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "300 g) dengan CMC 1,5% yaitu 2,85 dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 2,54, perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,25 dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 2,95, dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,45 dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 282, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian Jaka (2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 300, "width": 208, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang berjudul “Subtitusi Umbi Gadung pada", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 321, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggolahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 321, "width": 22, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mie", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 321, "width": 208, "height": 241, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basah” kekenyalan mie basah dapat diketahui melalui akumulasi waktu yang dibutuhkan mie untuk terputus, semakin lama waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh mie untuk menahan beban 0,58 g yang diberikan sampai mie tersebut putus maka semakin elastis mie yang dihasilkan. Hasil analisa terhadap waktu putus mie dengan subtitusi tepung gadung perlakuan garam dan perlakuan abu dan dapat dilihat perbedaan yang tidak nyata terhadap analisa elastisitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 218, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "setiap subtitusi tepung gadung perlakuan garam dan perlakuan abu pada pengolahan mie basah pada taraf 5%. Subtitusi tepung gadung perlakuan garam 400 gr : 300 gr: 200 gr, menunjukkan waktu putus 3,45 detik, 3,25 detik, 2,85 detik, dan tepung gadung perlakuan g semakin tinggi tepung gadung semakin elastis. Penelitian tersebut senada dengan hasil penelitian ini menunjukan nilai elastisitas mie berkisar antara 2,54 sampai 3,45.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 302, "width": 209, "height": 260, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tepung terigu banyak mengandung gluten atau protein terigu. gluten terdiri dari protein gliadin dan glutenin. Gliadin berfungsi sebagai perekat dan menjadikan adonan lebis elastis sedangkan glutenin berfungsi menjadikan adonan tetap kokoh dan menahan gas CO 2 sehingga adonan dapat mengembang serta berbentuk pori-pori (Anonim,2008), nilai elastisitas mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung gadung dalam penelitian ini bekisar antara 2,54 sampai 3,45 detik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 592, "width": 305, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Nilai Rerata Analisis Elastisitas Mie Basah (Detik)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 614, "width": 436, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 2,85 a 3,25 a 3,45 a Karagenan (1,5%) 2,54 a 2,95 a 3,12 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 698, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada tarif signifikasi 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "152", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 75, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini senada hasil penelitian Siti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 198, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permatasari dkk tahun ( 2009), menyatakan elastisitas mie basah dengan perlakuan tupung talas. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Anonim (2006) yang menyatakan bahwa subtitusi atau campuran tepung lain pada produk mie yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan produk mie akan mudah putus karena kandungan gluten menurun. Tepung terigu banyak mengandung gluten atau protein terigu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gluten terdiri dari protein gliadin dan glutenin. Gliadin berfungsi sebagai perekat dan menjadikan adonan lebih elastis sedangkan glutenin berfungsi menjadikan adonan tetap kokoh dan menahan gas CO 2 sehingga adonan dapat mengembang serta terbentuk pori-pori (Anonim, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 208, "height": 301, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh rasio tepung yang digunakan juga berhubungan dengan ukuran granula pati. Ukuran granula pati gandum berukuran 2-35 μm, granula pati umbi jalar berukuran 16- 25 μm, sedangkan granula pati pisang berukuran 35-55 μm (Knight, 1969). Dapat dilihat bahwa ukuran granula terbesar terdapat pada pati pisang. Hal ini menyebabkan pati pisang dapat menyerap air lebih banyak, sehingga memberikan tingkat kekerasan mie yang lebih rapuh. Oleh karena itu, komposisi tepung yang mengandung campuran tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas yang lebih banyak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 209, "height": 176, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyebabkan tingkat elastisitas mie semakin rapuh. Berkurangnya jumlah tepung terigu yang digunakan mengakibatkan terjadinya penurunan elastisitas mie basah. Zat aditif yang ditambahkan berada pada rentang yang relatif kecil (1%-2%) sehingga perubahannya pada tingkat kekerasan mie tidak terlalu terlihat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 282, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Warna Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 302, "width": 208, "height": 198, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Warna merupakan parameter organoleptik yang penting dalam suatu produk makanan. Warna merupakan parameter pertama yang menentukan tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap suatu produk. Hasil rerata uji organoleptik warna mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 509, "width": 208, "height": 260, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. menjelaskan hasil rerata uji organoleptik warna terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan perbedaan nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata uji organoleptik warna mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,75 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) 4,1 (suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "153", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 4,25 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,35 (agak suka), dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,5 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,6 (suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 208, "height": 115, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap warna mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung talas serta penambahan CMC 1,5% dan karagenan 1,5% berkisar antara 3,35 (agak suka) hingga 4,25 (suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 208, "height": 155, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan umbi talas (200 g : 300 g : 100 g) dengan CMC ( 1,5 %) menunjukkan penilaian tertinggi yaitu 4,25 berada pada skala suka, warna mie basah lebih di sukai karena penambahan tepung talas dengan jumlah sedikit yaitu 100 gr pada perlakuan menyebabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "warna mie sedikit kekuningan karena komposisi tepung terigu dan tepung pisang lebih tinggi yaitu 200 g dan 300 g). Warna tepung talas yag dihasilkan berwarna kecoklatan sehingga dapat mempengaruhi warna mie basah yang dihasilkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 241, "width": 157, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Rasa Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 261, "width": 208, "height": 259, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji organoleptik merupakan salah satu cara penilaian terhadap suatu produk makanan yang dilakukan oleh manusia sebagai pengukuran dengan menggunakan panca-inderanya. Cita rasa merupakan suatu kesan yang diterima melalui saraf indera pengecapan, yaitu lidah. Sebagai hasil hadirnya senyawa-senyawa yang larut dalam air (Zahro, 2013). Hasil rerata uji organoleptik rasa mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan CMC dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 551, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Warna Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 437, "height": 75, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,7 a 4,25 a 3,5 b Karagenan (1,5%) 4,1 a 3,35 b 3,6 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 657, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "154", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 75, "width": 442, "height": 96, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Rasa Mie Basah Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,2 b 3,7 b 3,8 a Karagenan (1,5%) 3,95 a 3,55 b 3,5 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 181, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 208, "height": 487, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. menjelaskan hasil rerata uji organoleptik rasa terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu 100 g, pisang 200 g dan umbi talas 300 g serta penambahan CMC 1,5% menunjukkan perbedaan nyata terhadap perlakuan perbandingan konsetrasi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan 1,5% pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata uji organoleptik rasa mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,2 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,95 (suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,7 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,55 (suka), dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,8 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,5 (agak suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 243, "width": 209, "height": 383, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap rasa mie basah dengan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar antara 3,2 hingga 3,95 berada pada skala agak suka dan suka. Rasa mie basah yang dihasilkan dengan penambahan tepung lain seperti tepung pisang dan tepung talas menunjukkan rasa yang sedikit berbeda dari pembuatan mie pada umumnya dengan menggunakan bahan baku tepung terigu sehingga rasa mie masih terasa asing oleh panelis yang menunjukkan penilaian pada rasa berada pada skala agak suka. Rasa, aroma, warna serta penampilan makanan akan mempengaruhi tingkat kesukaan masyarakat terhadap makanan (Winarno dan Rahayu, 1994)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 657, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Aroma Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 678, "width": 208, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Winarno (1997) menyatakan bahwa diterima atau tidaknya makanan ditentukan oleh aromanya, dalam industri pangan uji aroma sangat penting karna", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "155", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dapat menentukan hasil penilaian konsumen terhadap produk yang dihasilkan. Aroma juga dapat menjadi penentu kerusakan pada produk yang akan dihasilkan. Hasil rerata uji organoleptik aroma mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan cmc dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 208, "height": 322, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. menjelaskan hasil rerata uji organoletik aroma terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak beda nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata uji organoleptik aroma mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,45 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,46 (agak suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 4,05 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,8 (suka), dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 259, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,5 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,55 (suka). Hasil uji organoleptik aroma mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung ubi talas serta penambahan CMC 1,5% dan karagenan 1,5% berkisar antara 3,45 berada pada skala agak suka hingga 4,05 berada pada skala suka. Karena pisang memiliki aroma yang has dan sanggat di sukai aromanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 344, "width": 208, "height": 218, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilain terhadap aroma mie basah dengan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas (200 g : 300 g : 100 g) menunjukkan penilaian yang tinggi yaitu 4,05 (suka). Penambahan zat aditif berupa CMC dan karagenan dengan konsentrasi rendah yaitu 1,5% tidak mempengaruhi aroma mie basah. Karena CMC dan karagenan adalah zat penambah jadi tidak mempenggaruhi aroma pada mie basah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 613, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Aroma Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 634, "width": 435, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,45 b 4,05 a 3,5 b Karagenan (1,5%) 3,4 b 3,8 b 3,55 b", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 719, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "156", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organoleptik Tekstur Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil rerata uji organoleptik tekstur mie basah dengan subtitusi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas dengan perlakuan cmc dan karagenan dapat dilihat pada tabel 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 208, "height": 363, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. menjelaskan hasil rerata analisis terhadap mie basah dengan perlakuan perbandingan tepung terigu, pisang dan umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan menunjukkan tidak beda nyata pada taraf signifikan 5%. Rerata analisis tekstur mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (100 g : 200 g : 300 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,4 (agak suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,65 (suka), perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (200 : 300 : 100) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,75 (suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) yaitu 3,2 (agak suka), dan perlakuan dengan komposisi tepung terigu : pisang : umbi talas (300 g : 100 g : 200 g) dengan CMC (1,5%) yaitu 3,7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 208, "height": 31, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(suka) dan karagenan (1,5%) 3,28 (agak suka).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 116, "width": 209, "height": 467, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap tekstur mie basah degan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC 1,5% dan karagenan 1,5% berkisar antara 3,2 berada pada skala agak suka hingga 3,75 berada pada skala suka. Tekstur mie basah dapat dipengaruhi oleh penambahan tepung lain selain tepung terigu yaitu penambahan tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas. Tan (2009) yang menyatakan bahwa subtitusi atau campuran tepung lain pada prodak mie yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan produk mie akan mudah putus karena kandungan gluten menurun. Hasil uji organoleptik terhadap mie basah yang menunujukan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada mie basah dengan perlakuan jenis tepung dan jenis zat aditif yaitu CMC dan karagenan, sesuai dengan hasil analisis elastisitas mie basah berkisar antara 2,85 hingga 3,45 yang menunjukkan tidak beda nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 613, "width": 302, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Nilai Rerata Uji Organoleptik Tekstur Mie Basah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 634, "width": 442, "height": 75, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zat Aditif Komposisi Tepung (Terigu : Pisang : Umbi Talas) 100 g : 200 g : 300 g 200 g : 300 g : 100 g 300 g : 100 g : 200 g CMC (1,5%) 3,4 a 3,75 a 3,7 a Karagenan (1,5%) 3,65 a 3,2 a 3,28 a", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 719, "width": 418, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ket : Angka yang diikuti oleh kode huruf yang berbeda menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Ket Skala : 1= sangat tidak suka; 2 = tidak suka; 3 = agak suka; 4 = suka; 5 = sangat suka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 441, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 2407 – 1315 AGRITEPA, Vol. IV, No.2, Januari – Juni 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 507, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "157", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 95, "width": 208, "height": 653, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis kadar air pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar anatar 48,89% hingga 56,15% menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Hasil analisis kadar abu pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar antar 1,26% hingga 3,07% menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Hasil analisis elastisitas pada mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan berkisar antara 2,54 hingga 3,45 menunjukka tidak beda nyata. Hasil uji organoleptik mie basah dengan perlakuan komposisi tepung terigu, tepung pisang dan tepung umbi talas serta penambahan CMC dan karagenan terhadap penilaian rasa berkisar antara 3,2 (agak suka) hingga 3,95 (suka), penilain warna berkisar antara 3,35 (agak suka) hingga 4,25 (suka), dan penilaian aroma berkisar antara 3,45 (agak suka) hingga 4,05 (suka) menunujukkan perbedaan yang nyata sedangkan uji organoleptik terhadap tekstur mie basah berkisar anatar 3,2 (agak suka) hingga 3,75 (suka) menunjukkan tidak beda nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 75, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 318, "top": 102, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Antarlina, S. S. dan Utomo, J. S., 1997.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 116, "width": 209, "height": 135, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Pembuatan dan Penggunaan Tepung Umbi Talas Untuk Produk Pangan. Dalam Edisi Khusus Balitkabi 15-1999. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry, Akses : 24 November 2011 , http://www.ajofai.info Astawan, Made. 2008. Membuat Mie dan Bihun. Jakarta : Penebar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 368, "top": 254, "width": 158, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Swadaya. Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia.2010. Data Produksi Pisang dan Umbi Talas di Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 309, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bello-Perez , L.A., Y. Pano de Leon, E. AgamaAcevedo and O . Paredes- Lopez. 1999. Isolation and partial characterization of amaranth and banana starches.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 378, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Starch/Starke. 50(10): 409-413.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 392, "width": 208, "height": 66, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chandler S. 1995. The Nutritional Value of Bananas. Pp. 468-480 in Bananas and Plantains (S. Gowen, ed.). Chapman and Hall, UK.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 461, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chang, S. M., & Liu, L. C. (1991).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 475, "width": 158, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Retrogradation of Rice Starches Studies by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 368, "top": 516, "width": 158, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Influence of Sugars, NaCl and lipids. Journal of Food Science, 56, 564–566.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 558, "width": 208, "height": 93, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chen, Z., Sagis, L., Legger, A., Linssen, J. P. H., Schols, H. A., & Voragen, A. G. J. (2002). Evaluation of Starch Noodles Made from Three Typical Chinese Sweet Potato Starches. Journal of Food Science, 67(9),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 368, "top": 654, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3342–3347", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 318, "top": 668, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chen, Z., Schols, H. A., & Voragen, A. G.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 368, "top": 682, "width": 159, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. (2003b). Starch Granule Size Strongly Determines Starch Noodle Processing and Noodle Quality. 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Universitas jember", "type": "Text" } ]

52874061-d875-52b2-fb1b-af4b8aee575d

http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik/article/download/175/157

[ { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 109", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 117, "width": 405, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 180, "width": 406, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriani Arisa Safitri 1 , Alvi Dwi Ningrum 2 , Muhammad Rizky Utama 3 , M.Ainul Yaqin 4 1,2,3,4 Teknik Informatika, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 203, "width": 330, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ibrahim Malang Jl. Gajayana No.50, Dinoyo, Kec. Lowokwaru, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur 65144", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 227, "width": 336, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* 1 [email protected], 2 [email protected],", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 238, "width": 296, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 [email protected], 4 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 262, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 427, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Quality schools are schools that are able to implement 8 Standards of National Education Standards set by the Government. These standards are made so that schools are capable of conducting good and qualified teaching and learning activities in all fields of education. Until the school can achieve maximum results from the standards given. In achieving that there are things that need to be done beforehand, namely school needs analysis. From the analysis it can be seen the growth of school needs. Growth in school needs is needed as a key to achieving quality schools. This research uses graphs to illustrate every growth that occurs in a school with the criteria for increasing students. The method used for data processing uses AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 379, "width": 315, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), Growth, Requirement, School", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 403, "width": 38, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 428, "height": 118, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah yang berkualitas adalah sekolah yang mampu menerapkan 8 Standar dari Standar Nasional Pendidikan yang ditetapkan oleh Pemerintah. Standar tersebut dibuat agar sekolah mampu dalam melakukan aktivitas belajar mengajar yang baik dan mumpuni di segala bidang pendidikan. Hingga sekolah dapat mencapai hasil maksimal dari standar yang diberikan. Dalam mencapai hal itu terdapat hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan sebelumnya, yaitu analisis kebutuhan sekolah. Dari analisis dapat diketahui pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah. Pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah sangat diperlukan sebagai kunci untuk mencapai sekolah yang berkualitas. Dipenelitian ini menggunakan graph untuk menggambarkan setiap pertumbuhan yang terjadi disekolah dengan kriteria pertambahan siswa. Metode yang digunakan untuk proses pengolahan data menggunakan AHP (Analytic Hierarchi Process).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 343, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process), Kebutuhan, Pertumbuhan, Sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 99, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap organisasi pendidikan sangat membutuhkan analisis pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah untuk meningkatkan kualitas sekolah supaya bisa memenuhi Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP). Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) adalah kriteria minimal tentang sistem pendidikan di seluruh wilayah hukum Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Standar nasional pendidikan terdiri atas standar isi, proses, kompetensi lulusan, tenaga kependidikan, sarana dan prasarana, pengelolaan, pembiayaan, dan penilaian pendidikan yang harus ditingkatkan secara berencana dan berkala yang diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 19 tahun 2005 [1]. Dalam pertumbuhan kebutuhan tersebut, terdapat 8 Standar yang ditetapkan didalam SNP. Tentu saja, sekolah harus mempunyai kualitas yang baik, karena sekolah sebagai sarana belajar bagi siswa-siswi bangsa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 110", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 430, "height": 211, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas yang baik berguna untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran yang dapat diberikan sekolah kepada siswa-siswinya, sehingga mereka lebih mendapatkan ilmu yang baik pula. Untuk mendapatkan sekolah berkualitas yang sesuai dengan SNP, tidak serta merta terjadi begitu saja. Banyak hal yang harus dilakukan oleh sekolah sebelumnya. Seperti, peninjauan kurikulum, pembangunan fasilitas sekolah dan lain lain. Dengan begitu, diharapkan dengan peninjauan yang terus dilakukan, sekolah bisa mencapai hasil maksimal. Kebutuhan-kebutuhan sebelumnya itulah yang menciptakan adanya pertumbuhan sekolah. Untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah diperlukan analisis mulai dari kebutuhan minimal dari berlangsungnya sekolah hingga kebutuhan maksimal yang harus dicapai sekolah. Pertumbuhan kebutuhan sekolah ini akan digunakan untuk mengetahui proses pertumbuhan dari sekolah dan mendapatkan nilai pertumbuhan. Dalam hal ini diperlukan perhitungan pertumbuhan sekolah yang menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 428, "height": 253, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AHP ( Analytic Hierarchy Process ) adalah suatu teori umum tentang pengukuran yang digunakan untuk menemukan skala rasio, baik dari perbandingan berpasangan yang diskrit maupun kontinyu. AHP menguraikan masalah multi faktor atau multi kriteria yang kompleks menjadi suatu hirarki. Hirarki didefinisikan sebagai suatu representasi dari sebuah permasalahan yang kompleks dalam suatu struktur multi level dimana level pertama adalah tujuan, yang diikuti level faktor, kriteria, sub kriteria, dan seterusnya ke bawah hingga level terakhir dari alternatif. Dengan hirarki, suatu masalah yang kompleks dapat diuraikan ke dalam kelompok-kelompoknya yang kemudian diatur menjadi suatu bentuk hirarki sehingga permasalahan akan tampak lebih terstruktur dan sistematis [2]. Jurnal ini bertujuan menggambarkan arsitektur visi dan arsitektur bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret sebagai bagian dari tahapan perencanaan arsitektur enterprise Universitas Sebelas Maret dengan menggunakan framework TOGAF. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa principal catalog untuk arsitektut enterprise UNS, arsitektur visi Universitas Sebelas Maret yang terdiri dari Value Chain Diagram, Stakeholder Map Matrix, Solution Concept Diagram dan arsitektur bisnis Universitas Sebelas Maret yang terdiri dari business process diagram dan functional decomposition diagram [3].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 581, "width": 428, "height": 169, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian untuk rancangan sistem informasi yang akan digunakan sebagai pendukung pemenuhan standar nasional pendidikan di Sekolah dan Sekolah memiliki Blue Print atau Model Arsitektur Enterprise yang dapat digunakan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan sistem informasi [4]. Pemodelan teknologi informasi dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan Enterprise Architecture menggunakan Enterprise Architecture Framework, yaitu dengan menggunakan Treasury Enterprise Architecture Framework. Pemodelan teknologi informasi ini ditinjau dari designer perspective yang menghasilkan work products yang berfokus pada desain proses, model informasi, komponen dan desain aplikasi pada Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan.Hasil penelitian ini berupa dokumen pemodelan EA yang dapat dijadikan acuan untuk dapat menentukan future state dan strategi yang dilakukan pada Sekolah Tinggi Kesehatan [5].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 111", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 160, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODOLOGI PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 428, "height": 211, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arsitektur bisnis direpresentasikan dalam bentuk struktur organisasi, deskripsi kerja, prosedur operasi baku, dan model proses bisnis. Dalam struktur organisasi terdapat deskripsi kerja dalam setiap bagian di dalamnya. Setiap deskripsi kerja mempunyai kebutuhan dalam pelaksanaannya. Kebutuhan- kebutuhan tersebut juga dapat dijadikan metrik pengukuran skala dan kompleksitas organisasi. Kebutuhan-kebutuhan tersebut meliputi bahan atau material, personil, peralatan, metode atau prosedur kerja, dan uang. Kebutuhan- kebutuhan tersebut merepresentasikan perencanaan produksi, sehingga pada setiap deskripsi kerja tersebut ada target kerjanya. Prosedur operasi baku merupakan salah satu komponen dalam perhitungan skala deskripsi kerja. Setiap deskripsi kerja memiliki prosedur operasi baku untuk melaksanakannya. Prosedur operasi baku direpresentasikan dalam bentuk model proses bisnis. Model proses bisnis dinotasikan dengan BPMN. Dengan demikian skala dan kompleksitas untuk arsitektur bisnis dapat diukur melalui metrik- metrik yang didapatkan dari struktur organisasi dan model proses bisnis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Struktur organisasi seringkali direpresentasikan dalam bentuk tree. Metrik- metrik yang digunakan untuk mengukur skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi didapatkan melalui tree tersebut. Metrik- metrik tersebut adalah jumlah node, jumlah edge, kedalaman rata-rata (average depth), dan weight. Dengan metode AHP didapatkan formula skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi (��).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "�� = (0.5 ∙ ∑ ��) + (0.23 ∙ ��) + (0.17 ∙ �� ℎ ) + (0.055 ∙ �� ℎ �)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 497, "width": 195, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Representasi tree formula ini adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 529, "width": 372, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAscale OCscale JDscale 25 75 Node Edge AvgDepth Weight 56.5 5.5 26.2 11.8 BPMscale P A M B 51.3 26.2 12.9 6.3 3.3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 237, "top": 605, "width": 124, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Tabel Graph", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 154, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 3.1. Pertumbuhan 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 1, ditentukan minimal requirement yang ada dalam sekolah. Minimal requirement sebagai kebutuhan yang paling awal yang dibutuhkan untuk berjalannya sebuah sekolah. Di dalamnya ditentukan sebanyak 32 siswa. Akomodasi berupa lab. komputer, lab. IPA, kamar mandi, dan kelas masing2 diberikan 1 ruangan. Pengajar masih hanya guru dan diberikan 2 guru saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 47, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK) Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 112", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 294, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Pertumbuhan 1", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2. Pertumbuhan 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 428, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 2, terlihat pertumbuhan yang terjadi pada sekolah dengan peningkatan jumlah siswa dari pertumbuhan 1 yang sebesar 32 siswa menjadi 64 siswa. Akomodasi juga bertambah ruang kamar mandi dan kelas sebanyak 2 buah. Begitu juga dengan guru yang bertambah sebanyak 4 orang. Terdapat pula penambahan fasilitas lain pada sekolah dalam sektor kesehatan dan keamanan. Dalam sektor kesehatan terdapat UKS dan petugas medis. Dalam sektor keamanan ditambahkan satpam untuk menjaga kemanan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 690, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Pertumbuhan 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 113", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3. Pertumbuhan 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 428, "height": 84, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 3, jumlah siswa naik menjadi 96 siswa. Begitu juga di bagian akomodasi, kelas dan kamar mandi bertambah menjadi 3 ruangan. Jumlah guru bertambah sebanyak 6 orang. Dalam fasilitas kesehatan ditambahkan ambulance untuk membantu siswa yang sakit secara darurat dan pertugas medis pun bertambah juga menjadi 3 orang. Untuk menambah keamanan di sekolah satpam juga ditambahkan menjadi 3 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 597, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Pertumbuhan 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4. Pertumbuhan 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 428, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 4, jumlah siswa menjadi 128 siswa. Dengan bertambahnya jumlah siswa bertambah pula jumlah kelas untuk menampung siswa sebanyak 4 kelas. Kenaikan pertumbuhan 4 hanya pada jumlah siswa dan kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK) Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 114", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 373, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Pertumbuhan 4", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.5. Pertumbuhan 5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 428, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 5, jumlah siswa bertambah menjadi 160 siswa. Kelas juga otomatis bertambah menjadi 5 kelas. Guru juga ditambahkan menjadi 9 orang agar seimbang dengan jumlah siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 735, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Pertumbuhan 5", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 115", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.6. Pertumbuhan 6", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 131, "width": 428, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 6, jumlah siswa menjadi 192 siswa. Jumlah kelas juga bertambah menjadi 6 buah. Karena jumlah siswa yang semakin banyak, kamar mandi juga ditambahkan menjadi 4 buah supaya siswa tidak kekurangan kamar mandi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 556, "width": 142, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Pertumbuhan 6", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.7. Pertumbuhan 7", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 427, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada pertumbuhan 7, jumlah siswa naik lagi menjadi 224 siswa. Kelas ditambah 1 kelas lagi sehingga totalnya 7 buah. Guru ditambahkan 2 orang sehingga menjadi 11 orang. Sementara fasilitas lainnya tidak bertambah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK) Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 116", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 503, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 8. Pertumbuhan 7", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 428, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metrik-metrik yang digunakan untuk mengukur skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi didapatkan melalui tree pertumbuhan diatas. Metrik- metrik tersebut adalah jumlah node, jumlah edge, kedalaman rata-rata (average depth), dan weight. Dengan metode AHP didapatkan formula skala dan kompleksitas struktur organisasi (��).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 229, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "�� = (0.5 ∙ ∑ ��) + (0.23 ∙ ��) + (0.17 ∙ �� ℎ ) + (0.055 ∙ �� ℎ �)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 658, "width": 269, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan menggunakan formula tersebut, didapatkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 686, "width": 117, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Pertumbuhan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 703, "width": 356, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Siswa Node Edge Average Depth Weight Ocscale Pertumbuhan 1 32 14 13 1,928571429 13 11,03285714 Pertumbuhan 2 64 26 25 1,961538462 25 20,45846154 Pertumbuhan 3 96 37 36 1,972972973 36 29,09540541", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 236, "top": 57, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Riset Sistem Informasi Dan Teknik Informatika (JURASIK)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 69, "width": 225, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 5 Nomor 1 Februari, pp 109-117 ISSN: 2527-5771/EISSN: 2549-7839 http://tunasbangsa.ac.id/ejurnal/index.php/jurasik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 762, "width": 323, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Kebutuhan Sekolah Menggunakan Graph (Andriani Arisa Safitri) | 117", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 119, "width": 356, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan Siswa Node Edge Average Depth Weight Ocscale Pertumbuhan 4 128 38 37 1,973684211 37 29,88052632 Pertumbuhan 5 160 42 41 1,976190476 41 33,02095238 Pertumbuhan 6 192 44 43 1,977272727 43 34,59113636 Pertumbuhan 7 224 48 47 1,979166667 47 37,73145833", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 192, "width": 336, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel diatas didapatkan grafik petumbuhan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 382, "width": 163, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 9. Grafik pertumbuhan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. SIMPULAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 424, "width": 428, "height": 113, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil yang diperoleh dari pertumbuhan tersebut menyatakan pertumbuhan 7 memiliki nilai pertumbuhan tertinggi sedangkan pertumbuhan 1 memiliki nilai pertumbuhan terendah. Sehingga didapatlah sebuah kesimpulan apabila sebuah sekolah memiliki minimal requirement seperti yang ada pada gambar pertumbuhan 1, maka sekolah belum dapat bekerja secara maksimal dikarenakan hal-hal yang masih belum mumpuni secara sarana dan prasarana. Sedangkan apabila sebuah sekolah memiliki requirement yang lebih banyak, maka sekolah dapat bekerja secara maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 102, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] Pendidikan, B. S. Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan. Jakarta Selatan: BSNP. 2005 [2] Darmanto, E., Latifah, N., & Susanti, N. Penerapan Metode AHP ( Analythic Hierarchy Process ) Untuk Menentukan Kualitas Gula Tumbu. Simetris : Jurnal Teknik Mesin, Elektro Dan Ilmu Komputer, 5(1), 75. doi:10.24176/simet.v5i1.139. 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 427, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] Aziz, A., Anggrainingsih, R., Sihwi, S. W., & Salamah, U. Penyusunan Arsitektur Visi dan Arsitektur Bisnis Sebagai Tahapan Perancangan Arsitektur Enterprise Universitas Sebelas Maret (UNS) Dengan Framework TOGAF. Conference. 2013.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 427, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[4] Irmayanti, H., Wartika, & Imelda. Pemodelan Arsitektur Enterprise Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Parigi untuk Penerapan Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) Menggunakan Togaf ADM 9.1. Conference. 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 694, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[5] Santikarama, I., & Yulianti, D. T. Pemodelan Enterprise Architecture. Conference. 2017.", "type": "List item" } ]

0fbc1379-d565-7be3-fee0-fad5efa86bab

http://ejurnal.setiabudi.ac.id/ojs/index.php/biomedika/article/download/216/290

[ { "left": 66, "top": 78, "width": 472, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penurunan Kadar Timbal dalam Air Menggunakan Bentonit Teraktivasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 218, "width": 54, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 404, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 560, "width": 90, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 28, "width": 106, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIOMEDIKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 49, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN : 1979 - 035X (printed edition) ISSN : 2302 - 1306 (electronic/Portal e-Journal)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 471, "top": 49, "width": 62, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Available online at www.biomedika.ac.id", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 134, "width": 266, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Degradation of Lead in Water Using Activated Bentonite", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 261, "top": 163, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fandhi Adi Wardoyo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 172, "width": 439, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi DIII Analis Kesehatan, Fakultas Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kesehatan, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang Jl. Kedungmundu Raya no 18 Semarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 191, "width": 181, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 236, "width": 476, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Timbal merupakan salah satu bahan pencemar yang banyak terdapat di dalam perairan. Timbal di perairan yang masuk ke dalam tubuh dapat mempengaruhi sistem syaraf, hormon dan juga jantung. Untuk mengurangi pencemaran timbal di perairan, maka diperlukan suatu adsorben yang mampu menyerap timbal. Salah satu adsorben yang banyak digunakan adalah bentonit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 64, "width": 95, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9, No. 2, September 2016", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 377, "width": 192, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: bentonit, aktivasi, adsorpsi, timbal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 289, "width": 472, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui penurunan kadar timbal dalam perairan menggunakan bentonit yang telah diaktivasi. Bentonit yang digunakan merupakan bentonit alam yang diayak lolos 170 mesh. Bentonit selanjutnya diaktivasi menggunakan H PO KCl dan NH OH dengan konsentrasi 0,05M. Waktu kontak dila-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 322, "width": 21, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 4,", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 327, "top": 322, "width": 3, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 330, "width": 85, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kukan selama 1 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 343, "width": 468, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kondisi optimum didapat dari bentonit teraktivasi NH OH dengan konsen-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 452, "top": 349, "width": 3, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 65, "top": 357, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "trasi teradsorpsi rata-rata sebesar 86,36 ppm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 422, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lead is one of the pollutants in the . Lead in the body can disrupt the nervous system, hormones and heart. water To reduce lead contamination in the water, it would require an adsorbent that is able to absorb lead. One widely used adsorbent is bentonite.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 502, "width": 471, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The result showed that the optimum conditions obtained from bentonite which activated with NH OH with a concen-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 457, "top": 508, "width": 3, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 63, "top": 516, "width": 164, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tration of adsorbed average of 86.36 ppm .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 462, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study to determine the decrease lead levels in water using activated bentonite. This re- was of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 475, "width": 472, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "search natural bentonite which 170 mesh. Bentonite has been activated using H PO 0,05M, NH OH used passed of 3 4 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 64, "top": 489, "width": 238, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0,05M and KCl 0,05M, with a contact time during 1,5 hour.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 537, "width": 193, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: activated bentonite , adsorption, lead", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 575, "width": 228, "height": 186, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Budi Widianarko pada tahun 2001 menyebutkan bahwa di perairan Indonesia khususnya perairan Sema- rang ditemukan kandungan logam berat, menu- rutnya kadar logam timbal di beberapa kawasan tertentu di wilayah pantai Indonesia terbukti cu- kup tinggi, hal ini memungkinkan bahwa perair- an Semarang juga mengandung logam timbal (Pb). Pembuangan limbah industri dari pabrik ke dalam aliran sungai serta debu dari asap kenda- raan diduga menjadi salah satu penyebab terce- marnya air sungai oleh logam Pb.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 765, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Timbal banyak digunakan sebagai bahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 575, "width": 231, "height": 202, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengemas, saluran air, alat-alat rumah tangga dan hiasan. Dalam bentuk oksida, timbal digu- nakan sebagai pigmen/zat warna dalam industri kosmetik dan glace serta keramik yang industri sebagian diantaranya digunakan dalam peralatan rumah tangga. Dalam bentuk aerosol anorganik dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui udara yang dihirup atau makanan seperti sayuran dan buah- buahan. Logam Pb tersebut dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat terakumulasi dalam tubuh karena proses eliminasinya yang lambat (Gusnita, 2012). Timbal merupakan logam yang sangat berba- haya bagi kesehatan manusia yang berlangsung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 78, "width": 228, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seumur hidup karena timbal berakumulasi dalam tubuh manusia. Dalam kasus paparan polusi timbal dalam dosis rendah sekalipun ternyata dapat menimbulkan gangguan pada tubuh tanpa menunjukkan gejala klinik (Naour, 2009). Timbal juga terbukti meningkatkan jumlah kematian pada penderita penyakit jantung. Sampai saat ini belum dapat ditentukan berapa kadar terendah dari timbal dalam tubuh yang aman untuk kese- hatan (Spivey, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 237, "width": 231, "height": 310, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Timbal merupakan logam berat yang tidak dapat diuraikan sehingga sangat membahayakan kesehatan manusia karena dapat menyebabkan osteoporosis, keguguran pada ibu hamil, anemia dan anak lamban berpikir. Timbal yang terserap oleh anak, walaupun dalam jumlah kecil, dapat menyebabkan gangguan pada fase awal pertum- buhan fisik dan mental yang kemudian berakibat pada fungsi kecerdasan dan kemampuan akademik. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, diperlukan suatu penelitian untuk dapat mengurangi kadar timbal yang dibuang di perairan. Air limbah yang akan dibuang harus diolah terlebih dahulu sehingga diharapkan lebih aman ketika dibuang di sungai. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi kadar timbal di perairan adalah de- ngan cara adsorpsi. Adsorpsi adalah suatu proses pemisahan bahan dari campuran gas atau cair dan bahan yang akan dipisahkan ditarik oleh permukaan sorben padat yang diikat oleh gaya-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 552, "width": 230, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- gaya yang bekerja pada permukaan itu (Berna et al. , cosni 1995). Sedangkan menurut Atkins (1982), adsorpsi adalah gejala pengumpulan molekul-molekul suatu zat pada permukaan zat lain sebagai akibat dari ketidakseimbangan gaya pada permukaan tersebut. Adsorpsi dapat terjadi antara: zat padat dan zat cair, zat padat dan gas, zat cair dan zat cair atau gas dan zat cair. Adsorpsi pada permukaan zat padat terjadi karena adanya gaya tarik atom atau molekul pada permukaan padatan (Sukardjo, 1997).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 725, "width": 231, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan bentonit sebagai adsorben meru- pakan alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk me- ngurangi kadar logam di dalam perairan. Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 78, "width": 228, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "struktur yang dimilikinya bentonit memiliki ke- mampuan menukar ion sehingga dapat menyerap zat pencemar berupa ion yang terlarut dalam limbah cair. (Masduki, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 141, "width": 232, "height": 266, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit berasal dari perubahan hidrotermal dari abu vulkanik yang disimpan dalam berbagai air tawar (misalnya, danau alkali) dan cekungan laut (fosil laut yang melimpah dan batu kapur), ditandai dengan energi pengendapan yang rendah oleh lingkungan dan kondisi iklim sedang (Utracki, 2004). Bentonit berwarna dasar putih dengan sedikit , kemerahan, atau kehijauan kecoklatan bergantung pada jenis dan jumlah fragmen mi- neral-mineralnya. Bentonit juga bersifat lunak, ringan, mudah pecah, terasa seperti sabun, mudah menyerap air, dan dapat menukar ion (Firdaus, 2009). Bentonit termasuk mineral yang terdiri dari senyawa aluminium/atau magnesium silikat berkristal halus dengan kandungan kapur, alkali dan besi yang bervariasi serta sejumlah besar air terhidrasi (Permanasari, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 410, "width": 229, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit alam memiliki kualitas daya serap yang masih rendah karena masih mengandung mineral pengotor. Sebelum dimanfaatkan lebih jauh dalam industri, bentonit alam perlu dimur- nikan dari pengotornya melalui aktivasi sehingga kualitas daya serapnya meningkat menjadi lebih baik. (Noyan, , 2007) et al.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 520, "width": 231, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit yang akan digunakan diaktivasi menggunakan asam lemah (H PO ), dikarena- 3 4 kan aktivasi dengan asam kuat dapat merusak struktur bentonit. Sedangkan untuk pembanding digunakan basa lemah (NH OH) dan garam 4 (KCl).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 631, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 647, "width": 22, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 663, "width": 230, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Spektrofotometer Serapan Atom (Perkin Elmer Analyst 100); pengaduk magnet; neraca digital (Ohaus Explorer); pH stik; pipet volume; kertas saring; gelas beker 100 ml, 250 ml (Pyrex); labu ukur 25 ml, 100 ml, 250 ml (Pyrex); erlenmeyer 100 ml, 250 ml; penggojok; pipet tetes; gelas ukur; tabung reaksi; oven (merk Memmert).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 28, "width": 117, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58 FANDHI ADI WARDOYO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 493, "top": 27, "width": 40, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 761, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Kurva kalibrasi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 65, "top": 78, "width": 33, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 95, "width": 231, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuades; bentonit alam; larutan KCl 0,05 M; larutan H PO 0,05 M; larutan NH OH 0,05 M;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 117, "width": 124, "height": 5, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 4 4", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 63, "top": 126, "width": 231, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pb(NO ) p.a (Merck); larutan CH COOH 0,1M;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 133, "width": 11, "height": 5, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 63, "top": 133, "width": 231, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 larutan CH COONa 0,1M; larutan NaH PO .H O 3 2 4 2 0,1M; larutan Na HPO .2H O 0,1M; larutan 2 4 2 NaHCO 0,1M; larutan Na CO 0,1M. 3 2 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 65, "top": 206, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 222, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aktivasi Bentonit", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 237, "width": 230, "height": 167, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bentonit alam diayak lolos 170 mesh kemu- o dian dikeringkan dengan oven pada suhu 110 C selama 1 jam untuk menurunkan kadar air. Se- banyak 50 gram bentonit yang telah kering di tambah 150 ml larutan aktivator (masing masing H PO 0,05M; KCl 0,05M; NH OH 0,05M) dan 3 4 4 o direfluks pada suhu 100 C selama 3,5 jam. Se- telah itu disaring dan residunya dicuci dengan akuades sampai pH pencucian air netral. Ben- tonit kemudian dikeringkan dalam oven pada o suhu 110-120 C selama 2 jam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 427, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembuatan kurva kalibrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 65, "top": 442, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Membuat larutan timbal (II) dengan konsen-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 521, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan pH adsorpsi optimum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 63, "top": 537, "width": 230, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebanyak 1 gram adsorben masing-masing dimasukkan ke dalam 4 buah erlenmeyer dan ditambahkan dengan 25 ml larutan timbal 5 ppm dengan variasi pH 4, 6, 8, 10 (variasi pH dila- kukan dengan menambahkan pH buffer). Cam-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 143, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adsorpsi timbal oleh bentonit teraktivasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 158, "width": 229, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebanyak 1 gram bentonit yang telah diakti- vasi dimasukkan ke dalam erlenmeyer. Kemu- dian masing-masing erlenmeyer ditambah de- ngan 25 ml larutan timbal (II) 100 ppm. Cam- puran tersebut selanjutnya diaduk selama 1,5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 456, "width": 229, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "trasi yang bervariasi yaitu 0,01; 0,03; 0,05; 0,07; 0,09; 0,1; 0,15; 0,2 ppm. Larutan tersebut kemu- dian diukur absorbansinya dengan SSA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 28, "width": 120, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9, No.2, September 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 28, "width": 55, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika 59", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 236, "width": 228, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "jam. Larutan disaring kemudian filtrat diukur adsorbansinya dengan SSA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 285, "width": 154, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Pembuatan Kurva Kalibrasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 316, "width": 229, "height": 169, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap awal dari penelitian ini adalah de- ngan cara membuat kurva kalibrasi dari larutan timbal (II) dengan variasi konsentrasi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 dan 10 ppm (Gambar 1). Pembuatan masing-masing konsentrasi ini dilakukan dengan cara pengenceran larutan timbal (II) 100 ppm. Larutan tersebut kemudian diukur adsorbansinya menggunakan AAS. Dari hasil pembacaan AAS dibuat kurva kalibrasi. Dari hasil plot konsen- trasi terhadap adsorbansi didapatkan persamaan y = 0,0073x – 0,0068.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 79, "width": 230, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "puran tersebut kemudian diaduk dengan waktu 1,5 jam. Larutan disaring, kemudian filtrat di- ukur adsorbansinya dengan SSA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 504, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan pH adsorpsi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 307, "top": 520, "width": 230, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan pH optimum dilakukan dengan pemilihan range pH antara 4 sampai 10. Hal ini dikarenakan pH yang terlalu asam atau basa da- pat merusak struktur bentonit, sehingga dikha- watirkan akan menurunkan kemampuan adsorpsi bentonit. Penentuan pH optimum dilakukan de-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 79, "width": 229, "height": 201, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ngan cara memasukkan 1 gram bentonit masing- masing ke dalam 4 buah Erlenmeyer. Masing- masing erlenmeyer ditambah dengan larutan timbal (II) 5 ppm dengan variasi pH 4, 6, 8, 10. Variasi pH dilakukan dengan cara melarutkan Pb(NO ) dalam larutan buffer sesuai pH yang 3 2 diinginkan. Keempat campuran tersebut lalu di- aduk dengan waktu kontak 1,5 jam. Larutan lalu disentrifuse untuk mengambil filtratnya. Filtrat kemudian diukur konsentrasinya untuk menge- tahui konsentrasi ion logam timbal (II) yang ter- adsopsi. Dari hasil adsorpsi didapatkan hasil se- perti tersaji dalam Gambar 2. Dari Gambar 2 da-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 380, "width": 230, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eksperimen adsorpsi timbal (II) oleh bentonit teraktivasi dilakukan dengan cara memasukkan masing-masing 1 gram bentonit yang telah diak- tivasi ke dalam erlenmeyer lalu ditambah dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 364, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adsorpsi logam timbal oleh bentonit teraktivasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 442, "width": 229, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 ml larutan timbal (II) 100 ppm dengan pH 10", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 764, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Grafik konsentrasi teradsorpsi vs jenis aktivator", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 157, "width": 231, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Gambar 3 dapat terlihat bahwa kemam- puan adsorpsi optimum didapatkan dari bentonit teraktivasi NH OH. Dalam suasana basa, NH OH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 195, "width": 231, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 4 - akan terdeprotonasi menjadi NH yang muatan- 2 nya berubah-ubah sesuai kondisi pH. Gugus NH 2 ini dapat membentuk ikatan dengan ion logam Pb yang mempunyai bilangan koordinasi dua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 266, "width": 231, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- Ion NH akan berinteraksi secara kuat dengan 2 2+ Pb sehingga bentonit dapat mengikat logam timbal dengan kuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 346, "width": 230, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adsorpsi logam timbal oleh bentonit terakti- vasi optimum pada pH 10. Basa lemah (NH OH) 4 memberikan kemampuan aktivasi yang lebih baik dibanding asam lemah (H PO ) dan garam 3 4 (KCl) dalam mengadsorpsi ion logam timbal, dengan konsentrasi teradsorpsi rata-rata sebesar 86,36 ppm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 331, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 284, "width": 230, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pat terlihat bahwa pH optimum adsorpsi bentonit pada pH 10. Hal ini dikarenakan timbal (II) lebih mudah berikatan dengan basa dibandingkan de- ngan asam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 65, "top": 28, "width": 115, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 FANDHI ADI WARDOYO", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 493, "top": 27, "width": 40, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 232, "top": 599, "width": 131, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. pH adsorpsi optimum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 79, "width": 230, "height": 75, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pada masing-masing erlenmeyer. Larutan lalu diaduk dengan waktu kontak 1,5 jam. Larutan lalu disentrifuse dan diambil filtratnya untuk di- ukur adsorbansinya menggunakan SSA. Hasil- nya seperti ditunjukkan Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 93, "width": 225, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atkins. P. W. 1982. Physical Chemistry . London: Oxford Uni- versity Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 80, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 64, "top": 113, "width": 229, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bernacosni, G, Gerster, Herser, Stauble dan Schneiter. 1995. Teknologi Kimia. Jakarta: Pradnya Pramita Firdaus, Ahmad, 2009, Aplikasi Bentonit-Zeolit dalam Mening- katkan Mutu Minyak Akar Wangi Hasil Penyulingan Daerah Kabupaten Garut,FMIPA IPB Gusnita, Dessy, 2012. Pencemaran Logam Berat Timbal (Pb) di Udara dan Upaya Penghapusan Bensin Bertimbal. Berita Dirgantara Vol. 13 No. 3, Sept. 2012, 95-101. Masduki, Ali. 2004. Teknologi Alamiah Untuk Pengolahan Air Limbah Industri . Surabaya: Lembaga Penelitian ITS. Naour, N., Fellahi, S., Renucci, JF., Rouault C., Basdevant A., Dutour A., Alessi, MC., Bastard, JP., Clement, K., Guerre Millo M, 2009. Potential Contribution of Adipose Tissue to Elevated Serum Cystatin C in Human Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(12):2121- 2125.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 83, "width": 229, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noyan, H., M, Onal., Y, Sarikaya, 2007. The Effect of Sulfuric Acid Activation on the Crystallinity, Surface Area, Porosity, Surface Acidity, and Bleaching Power of a Bentonite, Journal of Food Chemistry 105, 156-163", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 123, "width": 228, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permanasari, Anna, 2009. Kajian Aspek Teoretik dan Aplikatif dari Adsorben Organo-Bentonit terhadap Residu Pestisida dalam Air Minum dan Implikasinya dalam Perkuliahan Ki- mia Material, Forum Kependidikan Volume 28, Nomor 2, Maret 2009, 90-95 Sukardjo. 1997. Kimia Fisika . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 187, "width": 232, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Spivey A. 2007. The Weight of Lead: Effects add up in Adults. Environmental Health Perspectives .;115(11):A31-A36. Utracki, L., 2004. Clay-Containing Polymeric nanocomposites . Vol. 1, Shawbury, UK, Rapra Technology Limited. Widianarko, Budi. 2001. Linking Water Quality and Food Safety. Semarang: Universitas Katholik Soegijapranata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 28, "width": 120, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9, No.2, September 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 479, "top": 28, "width": 55, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biomedika 61", "type": "Page header" } ]

86407b04-6e31-ed12-3d54-097182e59498

https://jurnal.stikesnh.ac.id/index.php/jikd/article/download/68/65

[ { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 407, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 563, "top": 802, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 74, "width": 416, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH REWARD, INSENTIF, PEMBAGIAN TUGAS DAN SUPERVISI TERHADAP KEPUASAN KERJA PERAWAT DIRUANG RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM FAISAL MAKASSAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 125, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nur Insyaniar 1 , Amran Razak 2 , Samsualam 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 149, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Universitas Muslim Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 160, "width": 115, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 172, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Universitas Muslim Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 197, "width": 320, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alamat Korespodensi : ([email protected]/082347811105)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 220, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 454, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberhasilan rumah sakit dalam meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kepada pasien dan kinerja, memerlukan perawat yang puas dalam pekerjaannya. Perawat yang merasa puas dalam bekerja akan merasa senang terhadap pekerjaanya. Ketidakpuasan perawat dapat dinyatakan dengan berbagai cara diantaranya dengan pengabaian dan kemangkiran. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh reward, insentif, pembagian tugas, dan supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional study. Besar sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 87 responden. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uii regresi menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara Reward ( ρ 0,004<α 0,05), Insentif ( ρ 0,000<α 0,05), Pembagian tugas ( ρ 0,000<α 0,05) terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Sedangakan tidak terdapat pengaruh antara Supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat ( ρ 0,059<α 0,05). Hasil uji regresi logistic menunjukkan bahwa insentif paling dominan berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara reward, insentif dan pembagian tugas terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat, dan tidak terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 427, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Reward, Insentif, Pembagian Tugas, Supervisi, dan Kepuasan Kerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepuasan kerja adalah sikap emosional yang menyenangkan dan mencintai pekerjaannya.Sikap ini dicerminkan oleh moral kerja, kedisiplinan, dan prestasi kerja.Kepuasan kerja dinikmati dalam pekerjaan, luar pekerjaan, dan kombinasi dalam dan luar pekerjaan.(Hasibuan 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 542, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan Negara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 554, "width": 210, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkembang dengan isu motivasi dan kepuasan kerja perawat yang tidak jauh berbeda. Hasil analisis lingkungan kerja perawat oleh WHO (2013) di beberapa Negara Asia, termasuk Indonesia menemukan bahwa lingkungan kerja perawat belum optimal seperti pendapatan perawatan yang rendah, fasilitas kesehatan yang buruk dan tidak aman bagi staf perawat, rasio perawat pasien yang tidak optimal, hubungan tim kerja yang perlu penguatan, beberapa perawat mengalami kekerasan fisik, kurang perlindungan dalam pekerjaan dan beberapa fasilitas yang tidak memuaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan di RS Islam Faisal Makassar ditemukan bahwa jumlah Kemangkiran ( turn over ) perawat di ruang rawat inap mengalami", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 450, "width": 210, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "peningkatan dari 0,92 % pada tahun 2017 menjadi 4,16 % pada tahun 2018. Angka ketidakhadiran perawat di ruang rawat inap pada bulan Maret sebesar 16 %, April 13,3% dan Mei 5,6 % serta jumlah perawat yang telat datang ke tempat kerja menunjukkan angka yang cukup tinggi yakni 51% pada bulan Maret, 40% di bulan April dan 71 % dibulan Mei 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 554, "width": 210, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat masalah pada kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar karena menurut Robbins (2003) dalam Sinambela (2018) mengemukakan bahwa ketidakpuasan pegawai dapat dinyatakan dengan berbagai cara diantaranya adalah pengabaian. Sehingga peneliti tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang “ Pengaruh Reward, Insentif, Pembagian Tugas dan Supervisi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 714, "width": 109, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BAHAN DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 726, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi , Populasi dan Sampel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 738, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan oktober 2018 di RS Islam Faisal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 795, "width": 405, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 17, "top": 801, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "532", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 213, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makassar.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar yang berjumlah 111 orang dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 87", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 120, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "responden.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 131, "width": 79, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Kriteria inklusi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 143, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tenaga Perawat pelaksana yang bertugas di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal makassar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 177, "width": 196, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pegawai tetap dan pegawai kontrak di RS Islam Faisal Makassar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 200, "width": 144, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Bersedia menjadi responden", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 212, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kriteria eksklusi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 223, "width": 196, "height": 33, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Bukan Tenaga Perawat pelaksana yang bertugas di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 258, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Merupakan tenaga perawat percobaan di Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 293, "width": 178, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Sedang cuti dan mengikuti pelatihan d. Tidak bersedia menjadi responden.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 327, "width": 87, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 339, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara langsung kepada responden dengan menggunakan bantuan kuesioner yang telah dirancang untuk data kuantitatif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Data sekunder berupa data yang diperoleh dari laporan tahunan Rumah Sakit dan catatan lain yang terdapat di Rumah Sakit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 431, "width": 78, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 442, "width": 210, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Editing , yaitu kegiatan untuk memeriksa seluruh daftar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 454, "width": 196, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertanyaan yang dikembalikan oleh responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 211, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Coding , yaitu kegiatan memberi tanda berupa angka pada jawaban responden yang diterima. Tujuannya adalah untuk menyederhanakan jawaban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 523, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tabulasi , yaitu kegiatan menyusun dan menghitung data hasil pengkodean", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 557, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 569, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Analisis Univariat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 580, "width": 197, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada analisis univariat digunakan untuk melihat deskripsi dari masing-masing variabel penelitian yang diukur, baik variabel independen maupun variabel dependen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 638, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Analisis Bivariat Analisis ini dilakukan untuk meliahat ada tidaknya pengaruh dari masing-masing variabel yang diteliti yakni variabel bebas dan variabel terikatmenggunakan uji regresi dengan bantuan alat SPSS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 707, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisis multivariat Analisis ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan variabel bebas mana yang lebih berpengaruh terhadap variabel terikat.Teknik ini digunakan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 74, "width": 197, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengetahui besarnya pengaruh antara beberapa variabel bebas secara bersamaan terhadap suatu variabel terikat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 120, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 131, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Analisa Univariat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 143, "width": 196, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Distribusi karakteristik Responden di Ruang Instalasi Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar tahun 2018. (n=76) Karakteristik n % Umur 20-30 Tahun 21-40 Tahun 41-59 tahun 60 18 9 69,0 20,7 10,3 Jenis Kelamin Laki-laki Perempuan 24 63 27.6 72.4 Pendidikan D3 S1 S1 Ns 48 13 26 55,2 14,9 29.9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 334, "width": 196, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa distribusi perawat yang berumur 20- 30 tahun memiliki jumlah terbanyak yakni sebanyak 60 orang (69,0%), dan distribusi umur responden paling sedikit yaitu berumur 41-50 tahun sebanyak 9 orang (10,3%). Responden yang berjenis kelamin laki-laki sebanyak 24 orang (27,6%) dan perempuan sebanyak 63 orang (72,4%). Distribusi perawat yang berpendidikan terakhir terbanyak adalah D3 sebanyak 48 orang (55,2%) dan paling sedikit responden yang berpendidikan S1 yakni sebanyak 13 orang (14,9%).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 507, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Analisis Bivariat Tabel 2. Pengaruh Reward Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Diruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 329, "top": 553, "width": 194, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2018 Reward Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n % Tinggi Rendah 58 18 89,2 81,8 7 4 10,8 18,2 65 22 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,004", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 671, "width": 196, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 2. diketahui jumlah responden mengatakan pemberian reward tinggi sebanyak 65 orang, dimana yang mengatakan puas pada pekerjaannya sebanyak 58 orang (89,2%) dan yang mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya sebanyak 7 orang (10,8%). Sedangkan responden yang mengatakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 407, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 563, "top": 802, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "533", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "reward rendah sebanyak 22 orang, dimana yang mengatakan puas pada pekerjaanya sebanyak 18 orang (81,8%) dan yang mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya sebanyak 4 orang (18,2%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 131, "width": 168, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji statistik diperoleh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 141, "width": 196, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ρ =0,004<0,05 artinya ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara reward terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 166, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 212, "width": 196, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Pengaruh Insentif Terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 223, "width": 196, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Diruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018 Insentif Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n % Cukup Kurang 63 13 91,3 72,2 6 5 8,7 27,8 69 18 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 365, "width": 197, "height": 216, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 3 dapat diketahui jumlah responden yang meengatakan pemberian insentif cukup sebanyak 69 orang, yang terdiri dari 63 orang (91,3%) diantaranya puas dengan pekerjaannya, dan 6 orang (8,7%) mengatakan kurang puas dengan pekerjaanya. Sedangkan responden yang mengatakan insentif kurang sebanyak 18 orang, yang terdiri 13 orang (72,2%) mengatakan puas pada pekerjaanya dan 5 orang (27,8%) kurang puas pada pekerjaannya Hasil uji statistik diperoleh ρ value =0,000 karena nilai ρ <0,05 dengan derajad kemaknaan α=0,05 berarti signifikan, yang artinya ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara insentif terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 595, "width": 197, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Pengaruh Pembagian Tugas Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Diruang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 618, "width": 197, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018 Pembagian Tugas Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 689, "width": 189, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Baik Kurang Baik 70 6 89,7 66,7 8 3 10,3 33,3 78 9 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 74, "width": 197, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 4.diatas dapat diketahui bahwa dari 78 responden yang mengatakan pembagian tugas kategori baik, ada 70 (89,7%) responden puas pada pekerjaanya dan 8 (10,3%) responden kurang puas padapekerjaanya. Sedangkan dari 9 responden yang mengatakan peembagian tugas kurang baik, ada 6 (66,7%) responden diantaranya puas pada pekerjaanya dan 3 (33,3%) responden mengatakan kurang puas padapekerjaanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 210, "width": 197, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji statistic diperoleh ρ value =0,000 karena nilai ρ <0,05 dengan derajad kema knaan α= 0,05 berarti signifikan yang artinya ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara pembagian tugas terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 316, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Pengaruh Supervisi Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Perawat Di Ruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 350, "width": 196, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2018 Supervisi Kepuasan Kerja Total Puas Kurang Puas n % n % n % Baik Kurang Baik 63 13 86,3 92,9 10 1 13,7 7,1 73 14 100 100 Total 76 87,4 11 12,6 87 100 ρ = 0,059 Berdasarkan pada Tabel 5,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 329, "top": 480, "width": 197, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mnunjukkan bahwa dari 73 responden yang mengatakan supervisi baik, ada 63 (86,3%) responden yang puas pada pekerjaanya, dan 10 (13,7%) responden mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya. Sedangkan dari 14 responden yang mengatakan supervisi kurang baik, ada 13 (92,9%) responden yang puas pada pekerjaannya, dan 1 (7,1%) responden mengatakan kurang puas pada pekerjaanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 605, "width": 197, "height": 91, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji statistic diperoleh ρ value =0,059 karena nilai ρ > 0,05 dengan derajad kemaknaan α= 0,05 berarti tidak signifikan yang artinya tidak ada pengaruh yang bermakna antara supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 119, "top": 795, "width": 405, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 17, "top": 801, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "534", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisis Multivariat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 85, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6 : Hasil Analisis Regresi Logistik Berganda reward, insentif, pembagian tugas dan Supervisi terhadap Kepuasan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 120, "width": 196, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerja Perawat di Ruang Rawat Inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar Tahun 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 143, "width": 186, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 165, "width": 197, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(B) Insentif 1.457 .704 4.288 1 .038 4.29 5 Pembagia n Tugas 1.564 .842 3.449 1 .063 4.77 9 Constant -3.420 2.03 2 2.834 1 .092 .033 Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 271, "width": 196, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berganda pada tabel 6 menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar adalah insentif dengan nilai sig 0,038.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pengaruh Reward terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 386, "width": 196, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reward berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Dengan hasil yang didapatkan maka dapat dikatakan bahwa pemberian reward yang sesuai dapat mempengaruhi sikap perawat dalam bekerja. Dalam hal ini semakin tinggi reward yang diberikan maka kepuasan kerja perawat akan meningkat. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan hasil uji statistik yang menunjukkan nilai p =0,004 < 0,05,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 501, "width": 197, "height": 204, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitan yang dilakukan penelti melihat bahwa penghargaan yang wajar atas prestasi kerja berupa pujian atau hadiah merupakan sesuatu yang pantas diterima untuk dapat meningkatkan kepuasan kepuasan kerja perawat, hal ini terbukti dari hasil penelitian di RS Islam Faisal Makassar menunjukkan perawat yang mempunyai persepsi puas terhadap pemberian reward menghasilkan kepuasan kerja lebih puas dibandingkan dengan tidak puas terhadap pemberian reward. Namun dalam hal penelitian ini masih didapatkan ketidakpuasan terhadap pemberian reward menurut analisa peneliti kemungkinan hal tersebut karena belum optimalnya sistem pemberian reward di RS Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 708, "width": 196, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Vecchio (1995) dalam Wibowo (2017) cenderung mengikuti pandangan bahwa kinerja secara tidak langsung menyebabkan kepuasan kinerja akan menerima reward baik ektrinsik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maupun ekstrinsik. Kepuasan akan diperoleh melalui penilaian pekerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 97, "width": 196, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap reward yang diterima. Apabila pekerja merasa bahwa pemberian penghargaan tersebut adil, akan membuat kepuasan kerja meningkat. Namun, apabila terjadi sebaliknya akan menyebabkan ketidakpuasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 166, "width": 196, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Jimmy Fitria (2017) reward merupkan salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi individu bekerja pada suatu organisasi, dari hasil analisis pengaruh reward pada kepuasan kerja perawat membuktikan bahwa RS Ortopedi Prof DR R Soeharso Surakarta telah memberikan reward sesuai dengan kinerja perawat yang mampu meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 293, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengaruh insentif kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 316, "width": 196, "height": 89, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Insentif berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja.Insentif merupakan daya dorong untuk meingkatkan kinerja sehingga perawat dapat menikmati pekerjaanya. Jika insentif yang diterima cukup dalam memenuhi kebutuhan, maka akan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat dengan nilai p =0,000< 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 408, "width": 196, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Sinambela (2018) insentif merupakan elemen atau balas jasa yang diberikan secara tidak tetap atau bersifat variabel tergantung pada kinerja pegawai. Insentif merupakan salah satu pendorong penting yang dapat memberikan rangsangan kepada pegawai untuk bekerja lebih optimal. Melalui insentif diharapkan pegawai akan mampu berpartisipasi lebih tinggi dalam melaksanakan tugas organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 534, "width": 199, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari penelitian ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Defran Siska dan Silviana Hendri (2018) mengatakan insentif, kompetensi dan fasilitas secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positf dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja para perawat RSUD Wamena di Papua, Indonesia yang menunjukan bahwa peningkatan terhadap ketiga variabel tersebut akan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja para pekerja, khususnya perawat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 672, "width": 213, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pengaruh pembagian tugas terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat Pembagian tugas berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat kerena jika tugas dan tanggung jawab yang diiterima dirasakan sesuai dan baik akan mempengaruhi kinerja perawat dalam melayani pasien. Pembagian tugas yang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 407, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 563, "top": 802, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "535", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "baik dan sesuai dapat mempengaruhi responden dalam melakukan tugas dan tanggng jawabnya. Hal ini dapat dikatakan bahwa pembagian tugas yang baik dapat meningkatkan kepuasan kerja perawat diruang rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar dengan nilai p =0,000 < α 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 166, "width": 196, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kejelasan uraian tugas yang dimaksud dapat memandu setiap perawat untuk melaksanakan kegiatan sehingga pada akhirnya dapat meningkatkan mutu pelayanan kesehatan disarana pelayanan kesehatan setempat. Adanya uraian tugas yang jelas bagi setiap jabatan klinis akan memudahkan manejer/pemimpin untuk menilai kinerja staf secara objektif dan dapat digunakan sebagai dasar upaya promosi staf ke jenjang yang lebih tinggi (Depkes RI 2005 dalam Kewuan 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 304, "width": 197, "height": 113, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Jimmy Fitria (2017) tentang Pengaruh reward, insentif, pembagian tugas dan penegembagnag karir pada kepuasan kerja perawat di Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Prof.Dr.R.Soeharso Surakarta menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh posistif dan signifikan pembagian tugas pada variabel kepuasan kerja perawat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 210, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pengaruh supervisi terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 115, "top": 442, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi tidak berpengaruh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 454, "width": 197, "height": 181, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat karena berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan Supervisi merupakan kegiatan yang wajib dan rutin yang dilakukan oleh setiap kepala ruangan terhadap perawat pelaksana agar menghasilkan kinerja yang optimal dan memberikan pelayanan yang berkualitas kepada pasian. Dalam proses pelaksanaan supervisi beberapa kepala ruangan melakukan 1(satu) kali dalam 1(satu) bulan dan ada juga yang melakukan 1(satu) kali dalam 2(dua) bulan. Sehingga hal tersebut tidak mempengaruhi aktifitas dan tanggung jawab perawat dalam melakukan pekerjaanya.Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 626, "width": 92, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bahwa supervisi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 259, "top": 626, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 74, "width": 196, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat diruang Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Faisal Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 108, "width": 196, "height": 148, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi merupakan bagian fungsi pengarahan yang mempunyai peran untuk mempertahankan agar segala kegiatan yang telah terprogram dapat dilaksanakan dengan baik dan lancar. Supervisi dalam keperawatan bukan hanya sekedar kontrol, tetapi lebih dari itu, kegiatan supervisi mencakup penentuan kondisi-kondisi atau syarat-syarat personal maupun material yang diperlukan untuk tercapainya suatu tujuan asuhan keperawatan secara efektif dan efisien (Marquis & Huston, 2010) dalam Basri (2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 258, "width": 196, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Petrus Dala Wolo dkk (2015) tentang Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat pada RSUD TNI AU Yogyakarta menunjukkan supervisi tidak mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat. Sama halnya dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Rahmawati (2013) yang dilakukan di RSJD Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 385, "width": 196, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara fungsi pengarahan (supervisi) terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana ( p value=>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 442, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 454, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Reward, insentif, pembagian tugas berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar tahun 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 500, "width": 210, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Supervisi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat di ruang rawat inap RS Islam Faisal Makassar tahun 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 545, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 557, "width": 210, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pihak menajemen perlu memperhatikan masalah pemberian reward, insentif, pembagian tugas, agar sesuai dengan harapan karyawan untuk dapat meningkatan kepuasan kerja serta mencegah adanya kemangkiran karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 672, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Basri, 2015, Hubungan supervisi kepela ruangan terhadap kepuasan kerja perawat pelaksana di Rumah Sakit Imelda Medan .Tesis tidak diterbitkan. Fakultas Keperawatan. Univrsitas Sumatra Utara: Medan. Online (diakses 18 Agustus 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 713, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dala,Petrus W; Trisnawati Rina; Wiyadi, 2015, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat pada RSUD TNI AU Yogyakarta. Daya Saing Jurnal Ekonomi Menajemen Sumber Daya vol.17, No 2, Desember 2015. Online (diakses 18 Agustus 2018)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 405, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Diagnosis Volume 12 Nomor 5 Tahun 2018 ● eISSN : 2302-2531", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 17, "top": 801, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "536", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fitria, Jimmy; Sri Hunik R, 2017, Pengaruh reward, insentif, pembagian tugas, dan pengembangan karir pada kepuasan kerja perawat di Rumah Sakit Ortopedi Prof.DR.R.Soeharso Surakarta . Benefit jurnal Manajemen dan Bisnis. Volume 2, nomor 1. Online (diakses 18 Agustus 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 339, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasibuan, S.P, 2016. Menajemen Sumber Daya Manusia , PT Bumi Aksara. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 303, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kewuan, Nikolaus N,2016, Menajemen Kinerja Keperawatan. EGC. Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 146, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahmawati, Anita. (2013). Pengaruh persepsi pelaksana fungsi manajerial asuhan keperawatan kepala ruang terhadap kepuasan perawat pelaksana di ruang rawat inap RSJD.Dr. Amino Gondohutomo Semarang .Prosiding Konferensi Nasional Ppni Jawa Tengah 2013", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 454, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wolo PD. 2015 . Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerja perawat di RSUD TNI AU Yogyakarta . Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sumber Daya, Vol.17, No. 2. Online (diakses 30 Agustus 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 218, "width": 457, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siska, Defran; Hendri Silviana, 2018, Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan kerjaperawat pada RSUD Wamena di Papua, Indonesia. Sipatahoenan: South-East Asian Jurnal For Youth, Sports & Health Education, Vol4(1), april 2018. Online (diakses 30 Agustus 2018)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 371, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono, 2017, Metode penelitian administrasi dilengkapi metode R&D, Alfabeta, Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 281, "width": 453, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sinambela, Poltak L. 2018, Menajemen sumberdaya manusia:membangun tim kerja yang solid untuk meningkatkan kinerja, PT Bumi Aksara. Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 312, "width": 332, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wibowo, 2017, Menajemen Kinerja-edisi kelima, PT Raja grafindo Persada, Depok", "type": "Text" } ]

d562bde8-5d12-4acb-c433-f8f37b4ebfb2

https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/14094/9369

[ { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 254, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 4 Tahun 2024 Page 8184-8193 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 101, "width": 282, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 142, "width": 461, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluasi Efektivitas Influencer Marketing dan Keputusan Pembelian Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Studi Kasus Influencer Fadil Jaidi pada Brand Haus)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 211, "width": 107, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggini Hardiyanti 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 235, "width": 147, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Teknologi Digital", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 255, "width": 258, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 301, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 320, "width": 491, "height": 110, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas influencer marketing dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian (studi kasus influencer Fadil Jaidi pada brand Haus). Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan uji validitas, realibitas, dan regresi linier berganda. Dari hasil uji koefisien determinasi simultan influencer marketing dan kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,548 (54,8%) artinya bahwa influencer marketing Fadil Jaidi dan kualitas produk brand Haus memiliki pengaruh yang baik terhadap keputusan pembelian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 434, "width": 348, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Influencer, Pemasaran, Kualitas Produk, Keputusan Pembelian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 477, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 496, "width": 491, "height": 109, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The aims of this research to evaluate the effectiveness of influencer marketing and product quality on purchasing decisions (case study of influencer Fadil Jaidi on the Haus brand). The method used is a quantitative method using validity, reliability, and multiple linear regression tests. From the test results, the simultaneous coefficient of determination of influencer marketing and product quality on purchasing decisions is 0.548 (54.8%), meaning that Fadil Jaidi's influencer marketing and the quality of Haus brand products have a good influence on purchasing decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 610, "width": 317, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Influencer, Marketing, Product Quality, Purchase Decision", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 267, "top": 39, "width": 84, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 469, "height": 222, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Semua sektor akhirnya harus beradaptasi dengan perkembangan teknologi yang setiap hari ada hal baru, termasuk internet, yang memudahkan orang melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari seperti mencari informasi, berkomunikasi, dan berbelanja. Hal ini juga berlaku untuk sektor bisnis, hal ini menyebabkan perkembangan teknologi mengubah pola komunikasi dengan konsumen. Para pelaku bisnis menggunakan teknologi internet yang diminati ini untuk mengembangkan bisnis mereka. Strategi pemasaran adalah salah satu cara untuk menggunakan teknologi untuk mengembangkan bisnis. Pemasaran sangat penting bagi bisnis karena melaluinya produk dapat dikenal oleh konsumen dan menarik minat mereka. Strategi pemasaran melalui teknologi internet, terutama melalui media sosial, dianggap efektif karena membuat informasi tentang produk lebih mudah diakses oleh konsumen dan mengurangi biaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 287, "width": 470, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hariyanti dan Wirapraja (2018:141) mengatakan bahwa, influencer adalah individu atau tokoh media sosial dengan banyak pengikut. Mereka dapat mempengaruhi perilaku pengikutnya dengan apa yang mereka katakan. Sederhananya, pengaruh mempengaruhi pengikutnya untuk bertindak. Oleh karena itu, menggunakan layanan seorang influencer adalah salah satu strateginya untuk meningkatkan pemasaran dan promosi melalui media digital.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 412, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemasaran melalui influencer telah menjadi salah satu strategi utama perusahaan seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi dan penetrasi internet yang semakin meluas. Terutama di kalangan Generasi Z yang tumbuh di era digital, pergeseran perilaku konsumen ini menimbulkan kebutuhan untuk mengevaluasi sejauh mana efektivitas influencer marketing sebagai alat pemasaran. Generasi Z memiliki keterlibatan yang tinggi dalam penggunaan media sosial, dan influencer memiliki peran yang signifikan dalam membentuk opini dan preferensi konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 558, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lihat laporan HypeAuditor \"State of Influencer Marketing 2024\", yang menunjukkan bahwa pasar iklan pengaruh di seluruh dunia akan mencapai $22 miliar pada tahun 2025. Hal ini disebabkan oleh penggunaan sumber daya yang sangat memengaruhi dalam pemasaran, seperti peralihan ke iklan digital, pemblokiran iklan software, dan sosial commerce.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 662, "width": 470, "height": 77, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia berada di peringkat keempat di dunia dalam hal persentase konten yang disponsori oleh influencer, dengan kemungkinan disponsori sebesar 4,37 persen. Ini berada di belakang AS (27,05 persen), Brasil (15,47 persen), dan India (7,08%). Selain itu, 89% pengguna Instagram setuju bahwa Instagram adalah platform", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "utama untuk menampilkan produk dan layanan. Berbeda dengan pendekatan iklan konvensional, merek dapat berbicara dengan konsumen secara langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 80, "width": 470, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Influencer marketing telah menjadi salah satu strategi pemasaran yang paling efektif di era internet saat ini untuk menjangkau dan mempengaruhi konsumen untuk membuat keputusan pembelian. Influencer dengan banyak pengikut dan pengikut setia di media sosial memiliki kekuatan untuk memengaruhi pendapat dan persepsi pelanggan tentang suatu produk. Melalui konten yang mereka bagikan, mereka dapat menumbuhkan kepercayaan dan kredibilitas yang kuat, yang sangat memengaruhi keputusan konsumen untuk membeli produk tersebut. Namun, upaya marketing influencer sangat bergantung pada kualitas produk yang mereka promosikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 246, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun influencer marketing dapat menarik perhatian dan minat awal pelanggan, keputusan pembelian masih bergantung pada kualitas produk. . Influencer biasanya mempromosikan produk dengan menekankan fitur, manfaat, dan keunggulan produk. Jika produk yang dipromosikan berkualitas tinggi dan memenuhi janji yang disampaikan, konsumen cenderung merasa puas dan mempercayai rekomendasi influencer tersebut. Sebaliknya, jika produk tidak memenuhi ekspektasi, kekecewaan konsumen dapat merusak reputasi produk dan influencer yang mempromosikannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 391, "width": 470, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh influencer pada keputusan pembelian generasi ini. Keputusan pembelian tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh promosi yang dilakukan influencer, tetapi juga oleh persepsi konsumen terhadap kualitas produk yang dipromosikan. Evaluasi kualitas produk menjadi kunci dalam mengukur sejauh mana pengaruh influencer mampu mendorong keputusan pembelian positif. Meskipun influencer marketing menjanjikan hasil yang signifikan, terdapat risiko terkait dengan autentisitas, kepercayaan, dan relevansi influencer. Pemahaman yang mendalam tentang tantangan ini diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan efektivitas kampanye influencer marketing dan memitigasi potensi dampak negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 579, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bisa memberikan pandangan yang baik untuk perusahaan dalam meningkatkan strategi pemasaran mereka. Dengan memahami lebih baik bagaimana pemasaran influencer dan kualitas barang saling berinteraksi dalam mengepalai keputusan pembelian, perusahaan dapat mengoptimalkan alokasi sumber daya dan meningkatkan efisiensi kampanye pemasaran mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 253, "top": 39, "width": 111, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 470, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif berfokus pada pengumpulan data numerik dan analisis statistik untuk menggambarkan atau menjelaskan fenomena atau hubungan antar variabel. Untuk penelitian ini, skala likert digunakan. Sampelnya terdiri dari 100 responden yang mengikuti akun sosial media Fadil Jaidi dan menonton konten yang berkaitan dengan Brand HAUS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 184, "width": 138, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 146, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Uji Validitas dan Relibitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 226, "width": 456, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji validitas yang dibagikan kepada 100 responden menunjukkan bahwa 17 pertanyaan memiliki nilai kolerasi (rhitung) dari semua indikator yang lebih besar dari 0,361 (rtabel), yang berarti bahwa pertanyaan tersebut valid dan layak untuk digunakan dalam penelitian analisis regresi linier berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 309, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji realibitas penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai Alpha Cronbach sebesar 0,768 untuk pengaruh marketing, kualitas produk sebesar 0,884, dan keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,857. Jika hasilnya lebih dari 0,60, maka data ini dapat dianggap valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 371, "width": 158, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Deskripsi variabel Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 391, "width": 121, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Influencer Marketing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 141, "top": 412, "width": 313, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Tanggapan responden terhadap influencer marketing", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 433, "width": 362, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Pertanyaan Skor SS S RR TS STS 1. X1.1 20 55 21 3 1 2. X1.2 39 42 15 4 0 3. X1.3 38 37 17 5 3 4. X1.4 29 17 18 17 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 572, "width": 456, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut tabel diatas dapat dinyakan bahwa tanggapan responden terhadap variabel Influencer Marketing X1.1 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 55 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X1.2 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 42 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X1.3 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 37 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 3 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaaan X1.4 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 29 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 5 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 91, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kualitas Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 153, "top": 60, "width": 289, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Tanggapan responden terhadap kualitas produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 80, "width": 350, "height": 171, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Pertanyaan Skor SS S RR TS STS 1. X2.1 28 59 11 2 0 2. X2.2 35 43 15 7 0 3. X2.3 35 49 15 1 0 4. X2.4 27 48 20 4 1 5. X2.5 36 50 13 1 0 6. X2.6 29 44 25 1 1 7. X2.7 35 46 16 3 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 244, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beralaskan tabel diatas dapat dinyakan bahwa tanggapan responden terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian X2.1 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 59 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.2 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 43 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.3 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 49 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaaan X2.4 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 48 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.5 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 50 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.6 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 44 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan X2.7 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 46 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 526, "width": 122, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 137, "top": 547, "width": 321, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Tanggapan responden terhadap keputusan pembelian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 568, "width": 351, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Pertanyaan Skor SS S RR TS STS 1. Y1 49 42 7 1 1 2. Y2 46 43 8 3 0 3. Y3 41 43 14 2 0 4. Y4 41 48 10 1 0 5. Y5 42 47 10 1 0 6. Y6 47 46 5 1 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 725, "width": 456, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berlandaskan tabel diatas dapat dinyakan bahwa tanggapan responden terhadap variabel keputusan pembelian Y1 di dominasi oleh sangat sangat setuju sebanyak 49 dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "skor terkecil sebanyak 1 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y2 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 46 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y3 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 48 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaaan Y4 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 47 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y5 di dominasi oleh skor setuju sebanyak 47 dan skor terkecil sebanyak 0 memilih sangat tidak setuju. Pertanyaan Y6 di dominasi oleh skor sangat setuju sebanyak 47 orang dan skor terkecil sebanyak 1 orang memilih sangat tidak setuju. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 226, "width": 205, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 246, "width": 321, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients (Constant) B Std. Error (constant) 9.180 1.583 Influencer Marketing .209 .097 Kualitas Produk .468 .076", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 364, "width": 234, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variabel: Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 385, "width": 295, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y = 9.180 + 0.209 X 1 + 0.468 X 2 Dari persamaan diatas, dapat dijelaskan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 426, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Nilai konstanta 9,180 Ini menunjukkan bahwa antara variabel independen dan variabel dependen terjadi pengaruh yang searah. Semua variabel independen, termasuk Influencer Marketing (X1) dan Kualitas Produk (X2), tidak mengalami perubahan (nol) 0%, sehingga nilai Keputusan Pembelian (Y) adalah 9,180.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 509, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Koefisien regresi Influencer Marketing (X1) sebesar 0,209, yang menunjukkan bahwa jika Influencer Marketing (X1) meningkat dengan asumsi bahwa variabel independen lainnya tetap, maka nilai Keputusan Pembelian (Y) meningkat sebesar 0,209.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 572, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Koefisien regresi pada Kualitas Produk (X2) sebesar 0,468, yang menunjukkan bahwa Kualitas Produk (X2) meningkat dengan asumsi bahwa variabel independen lainnya tetap, maka niali Keputusan Pembelian (Y) meningkat sebesar 0,468.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 153, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENGUJIAN HIPOTESIS", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 82, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji t (Parsial)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 80, "width": 133, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji t (Parsial)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 226, "width": 456, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas, hasil uji t (persial) menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi pengaruh Influencer Marketing (X1) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) adalah 0,033 < 0.05, dan nilai thitung 2,165 > ttabel 1,984, yang menunjukkan bahwa H1 diterima, yang menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh Influencer Marketing positif terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 329, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, uji t (persial) menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi pengaruh Kualitas Produk (X2) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y) adalah 0,000 < 0.05 dan nilai thitung 6,150 > ttabel 1.984, yang menunjukkan bahwa H2 diterima. Ini menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Y).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 412, "width": 74, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Uji Simultan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 433, "width": 145, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Uji f (Simultan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 579, "width": 319, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: Keputusan Pembelian b. Predictors: (Constant), Kualitas Produk, Influencer Marketing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 640, "width": 456, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel di atas, kami menemukan bahwa nilai signifikasi Influencer Marketing (X1) dan Kualitas Produk (X2) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian sebesar 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai Fhitung 58,834 > 3,94, yang menunjukkan bahwa hasil penelitian H3 diterima. Ini menunjukkan bahwa Influencer Marketing dan Kualitas Produk berpengaruh terhadap Keputusan Pembelian secara bersamaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 745, "width": 133, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KOEFESIEN DETERMINASI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 117, "width": 402, "height": 436, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model T Sig. (Constant) 5,800 0,000 Influencer Marketing 2,165 0,033 Kualitas Produk 6,150 0,000 ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 453.072 2 226.536 58.834 .000 b Residual 373.488 97 3.850 Total 826.560 99", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 159, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 60, "width": 219, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R 2 )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 89, "top": 226, "width": 456, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel di atas menunjukkan hasil perolehan R2 sebesar 0,548 pada kolom R persegi. Dari data yang diperoleh, kita dapat mengetahui bahwa variabel terikat keputusan pembelian dipengaruhi sebesar 54,8% oleh variabel bebas pengaruh pemasaran dan kualitas produk, dan variabel lain yang belum diketahui mempengaruhi sisa 45,2%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 309, "width": 175, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Uji Koefisien Determinasi Parsial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 329, "width": 233, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi Parsial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 516, "width": 234, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variabel: Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 557, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui standardized coefficient dan zero order correlation yang terdapat pada tabel di atas dapat dihitung koefisien determinasi (Kd) parsial masing-masing variabel independen sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 619, "width": 348, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- Kd Influencer marketing = 0,209  0,610 = 0,127 (12,7%) - Kd Kualitas produk", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 234, "top": 641, "width": 227, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "= 0,468  0,725 = 0,339 (33,9%)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 662, "width": 443, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut hasil perhiungan koefisien determinasi parsial, kualiutas produk memberikan pengaruh lebih besar daripada pengaruh influencer marketing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 89, "width": 78, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 151, "top": 109, "width": 293, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 .740 a .548 .539 1.96224", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 151, "top": 167, "width": 292, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Predictors: (Constant), Kualitas Produk, Influencer Marketing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 359, "width": 344, "height": 131, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Correlations B Zero-order 1 (Constant) 9.180 Influencer Marketing .209 .610 Kualitas Produk .468 .725", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 280, "top": 39, "width": 56, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 60, "width": 325, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 80, "width": 470, "height": 119, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Efektifitas kampanye influencer Fadil Jaidi dalam memengaruhi sikap dan persepsi konsumen telah terbukti dengan hasil berdasarkan uji koefesien determinasi diketahui bahwa variabel bebas influencer marketing dan kualitas produk berpengaruh sebesar 54,8% terhadap variabel terikat keputusan pembelian Melalui standardized coefficient dan zero order diketahui Kd Influencer marketing sebesar 12,9 % dan Kualitas Produk 33,9%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 470, "height": 139, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Ketika dipromosikan oleh Fadil Jaidi, kualitas produk memainkan peran dalam menentukan keputusan pembelian konsumen generasi Z. Hasil uji t menunjukkan bahwa nilai signifikasi pengaruh kualitas produk (X2) terhadap keputusan pembelian 0,000 < 0.05 dan nilai thitung 6,150 lebih besar dari nilai ttabel 1.984, yang menunjukkan bahwa H2 diterima. Selain itu, koefisien determinasi parsial kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian adalah 0,339 (33,9%), yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh kualitas produk terhadap keputusan pembelian produk HAUS secara signifikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 349, "width": 470, "height": 58, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Analisi dan metrik kinerja influencer marketing dapat digunakan sebagai indikator efektifitas kampanye dalam konteks keputusan pembelian bisa melihat engagement sosial media Fadil Jaidi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 262, "top": 433, "width": 93, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atika Hermanda, Ujang Sumarwan Dan Netti Tinaprilla. (2019). The Effect Of Social Media Influencer On Brand Image, Self-Concept, And Purchase Intention. Journal Of Consummer Sciences. 4.2 76-89", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 516, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Baronah, Yoebrilianti, A., & Nurhayani. (2023). Pengaruh Digital Marketing, Influencer Marketing, Dan Product Quality Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Mobil Wuling Di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi Manajemen, 87-99.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 579, "width": 469, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chung-Wha Ki, Leslie M. Cuevas, Dkk. (2020). Infk: Social Media Influencer As Human Brands Attaching To Followers And Yielding Positive Marketing Results By Fulfilling Needs. Journal Or Retailing And Consumer Service. 55:102133.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 641, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nina Muna (2021). Business Network Power As A Process For Enchancing Firm Performance: A Perspective Of Ratoc. Journal Cogen Business & Manajemen (2023), 10:2207620.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 682, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perdana, S. P. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Meubel Aa Di Kecamatan Ramabatan Ditinjau Menurut Perspektif Ekonomi Syariah. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau Pekanbaru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 222, "top": 790, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright @ Anggini Hardiyanti", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pratama, A. S. (2019). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk Dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Usaha Dea Gorden Di Kota Duri Kabupaten Bengkalis. Skripsi. Universitas Islam Riau Pekanbaru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 101, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, C., Octaviani, V., & Yanto. (2023). Pengaruh Infleuncer Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Xinonaboba Kapuas Kota Bengkulu. Jurnal Multi Disiplin Dehasen (Mude), 509-526.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 163, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, T. Q. (2021). Pengaruh Influencer Marketing Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian (Studi Pada Elzatta Hijab Garut). Jurnal Stie Yasaanggana, 33-38.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 469, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari, C. R., & Hidayat, A. M. (2021). Pengaruh Infleuncer Marketing Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Uniqlo. E-Proceeding Of Management (Pp. 1361- 1368). Telkom University.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 266, "width": 469, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ria Estiana, Nurul Giswi Karomah, Dan Teddy Setiady. (2022). Efektivitas Media Sosial Sebagai Media Promosi Pada Umkm. Yogyakarta: Cv Budi Utama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 308, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yenni Arfah. (2022). Keputusan Pembelian Produk. Sumatra: Pt Inovasi Pratama Internasional Yunita D., Rosa A. (2016). Pengaruh Mencari Variasi, Ketidakpuasan Dan Ketidak Tersediaan Produk Terhadap Perpindahan Merk. Jurnal Manajemen Dna Bisnis Sriwijaya, 14(4),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 371, "width": 46, "height": 15, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "539-558.", "type": "List item" } ]

de3d0002-ee90-d218-cef4-5eb13298b08f

https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/pedagogia/article/download/18064/10412

[ { "left": 197, "top": 41, "width": 206, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan 17 (02) (2019) 147-1 57", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 171, "top": 72, "width": 258, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "edagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 215, "top": 89, "width": 175, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/pedagogia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 129, "width": 444, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa Terhadap Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius Melalui Teknik Modeling Simbolis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 184, "width": 219, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Margaretha Djati Marlina Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 34 Bandung [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 236, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A b s t r a c t", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 249, "width": 371, "height": 205, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to determine the ability to use and implement Symbolic Modeling Techniques in class IX.D. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (CAR). The results of the study aimed, Cycle I from the results of questionnaire processing, there were an average of 54.68, found that there were 36 grade IX.D students who were lacking and sufficient in the Task for Development of Religious Platforms, this meant that it showed almost 54% of students, the lack of a Task for Development of Religious Platforms was still based on praise, work because the command is not self-awareness, carrying out compulsory worship only. The results of Cycle 2, questionnaire Development of Religious Platform Cycle 2, the average is 86.05 as many as 38 students have been very good, good. This means that there is a significant change in cycle 2 that is 100% the level of change in behavior including those in the Development of Religious Foundations, the Development of Religious Foundations has been based on individual bases, not based on the praise of working because the order becomes one's own awareness, carrying out ritual worship not only the ones that the Sunnah must also be obeyed. Thus the use of Information Services empirically has been proven to be able to increase students' understanding in the Habit of the Development of Religious Life Platform in class IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung in 2018/2019 Academic year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 469, "width": 371, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keyword : Symbolic Modeling Techniques, The Task Of Developing The Religious Based ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 481, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Student Understanding", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 493, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A b s t r a k", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 506, "width": 371, "height": 206, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menggunakan dan menerapkan Teknik Modeling Simbolis pada siswa kelas IX.D. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian menujukan, Siklus I dari hasil pengolahan angket, terdapat rata-rata 54.68, ditemukan ada 36 siswa kelas IX.D yang Kurang dan cukup dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, ini berarti menunjukkan hampir 54% siswa, kurang adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius masih berdasarkan pujian, mengerjakan karena perintah bukan kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah yang wajib saja. Hasil Siklus 2, angket Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius Siklus 2, rata-ratanya adalah 86,05 sebanyak 38 orang siswa sudah dapat sangat baik,baik. Hal tersebut berarti terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada siklus 2 yaitu 100 % tingkat perubahan prilakunya di antaranya dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius sudah berdasarkan kedasaran individu, tidak berdasarkan pujian mengerjakan karena perintah menjadi kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual tidak hanya yang wajib ditaati yang sunah pun dilakukan. Dengan demikian penggunaan Layanan Informasi secara empiris telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa dalam Pembiasaan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius di kelas IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 726, "width": 370, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Teknik Modeling Simbolis, Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, Pemahaman Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 237, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 459, "top": 263, "width": 69, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah Diterima : 2019-07-03", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 295, "width": 64, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah Direvisi: 2019-08-30", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 326, "width": 68, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Naskah Disetujui:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 459, "top": 336, "width": 44, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2019-10-05", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "148 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan peserta didik tidak lepas dari pengaruh lingkungan, baik fisik, psikis maupun sosial (Bhakti, 2015) . Sifat yang melekat pada lingkungan adalah perubahan. Perubahan yang terjadi dalam lingkungan adalah mempengaruhi gaya hidup para peserta didik. Apabila perubahan yang terjadi itu sulit diprediksi, atau di luar jangkauan kemampuan, maka akan melahirkan kesenjangan perkembangan perilaku peserta didik, seperti terjadinya stagnasi (kemandegan) perkembangan, masalah-masalah pribadi atau penyimpangan perilaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 266, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Suhardita (2019)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perubahan lingkungan yang diduga mempengaruhi gaya hidup,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 291, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan kesenjangan perkembangan tersebut, di antaranya, pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk yang cepat, pertumbuhan kota- kota, kesenjangan tingkat sosial ekonomi masyarakat, revolusi teknologi informasi, pergeseran fungsi atau struktur keluarga, dan perubahan struktur masyakat dari agraris ke industri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perubahan lingkungan yang akan mempengaruhi gaya hidup yang akan berimbas juga pada Landasan Hidup Religius para peserta didik di sekolah termasuk keyakinan bahwa manusia dan seluruh alam adalah makhluk tuhan; sikap yang mendorong perkembangan dan peri kehidupan manusia berjalan ke arah dan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah agama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 214, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bimbingan Konseling di sekolah diarahkan agar para peserta didik beroleh pengalaman dalam menanggulangi perubahan lingkungan yang negatif. Melalui Bimbingan Konseling, para peserta didik diajak untuk memahami, menikmati berbagai perubahan positif. Menurut Habsy (2017) layanan bimbingan dan konseling merupakan bagian integral dari sistem pendidikan Nasional yang mengacu pada pencapaian tujuan pendidikan Nasional, dan sejalan dengan tujuan bimbingan dan konseling sebagai ilmu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 696, "width": 211, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling pada hakekaknya suatu proses untuk menimbulkan perubahan tingkah laku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Para Peserta didik agar tetap kokoh dalam menjalankan kehidupan yang baik maka guru Bimbingan dan Konseling berkewajiban memperkuat Landasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 139, "width": 215, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidup religius para peserta didik. Kegiatan bimbingan dan konseling di sekolah meliputi pengumpulan data siswa, layanan informasi, konseling, penempatan, dan layanan tindak lanjut (Belkin,1981 dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 203, "width": 212, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunawan dkk.,2012) . Bimbingan hakikatnya merupakan proses pemberian bantuan kepada individu secara berkesinambungan agar yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 253, "width": 212, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bersangkutan dapat memahami dirinya, sanggup mengarahkan diri, dan bertindak wajar sesuai dengan tuntutan dan keadaan keluarga, serta masyarakat (Winkel,1997 dalam Nirwana, 2013) . Menurut Arumsari (2016) dalam hasil peneltiannya menyatakan bahwa layanan Konseling Individual dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan kontrol diri. Lebih lanjut Lestari (2015)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 392, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengemukakan bahwa layanan konseling juga dapat membantu mengembangkan kemandirian belajar anak usia sekolah dasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 443, "width": 212, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka era informasi global dewasa ini, semakin terasa sekali perlunya memperkokoh Landasan Hidup Religius para peserta didik, tidak terkecuali di kalangan para pelajar SMP Negeri 34 Bandung. Pada dasarnya semua siswa mempunyai banyak pengalaman yang dapat dijadikan titik acuan untuk memahami Landasan Hidup Religius. Namun pada kenyataannya hasil dari perolehan data assessment kelas IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung tidak terlalu menonjol. Setelah peneliti mengolah data yang diperoleh dari assesment tersebut di atas maka diperoleh data sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 38, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 149", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 272, "top": 337, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 153, "top": 352, "width": 293, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Inventori Tugas Perkembangan kelas IX.D 2018-2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 381, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 244, "top": 395, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan Kelas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 425, "width": 421, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Urutan Aspek Butir TP 1 1. Landasan Hidup Religius 1.3 2.95 2 4. Kematangan Intelektual 4.4 3.00 3 9. wawasan dan persiapan karier 9-2 3.05 4 5. Kesadaran dan tanggung jawab 5-1 3.19 5 6. Peran sosial sebagai pria atau wanita 6-3 3.24", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 547, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari grafik dan tabel profil kelompok kelas IX.D, di atas dapat di lihat bahwa pencapaian tugas perkembangan pada aspek landasan hidup religius siswa kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019 memiliki nilai pencapaian tugas perkembangan paling rendah dibanding dengan nilai aspek tugas perkembangan yang lain yaitu dinyatakan dengan nila rata-rata baru mencapai 2,59 atau hanya sekitar 51,8 % dari yang seharusnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 722, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal tersebut menjadi latar belakang penulis melakukan penelitian dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 547, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tujuan untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa terhadap Tugas Perkembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 576, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Landasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 384, "top": 576, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hidup Religius dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 591, "width": 214, "height": 54, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bimbingan dan Konseling melalui Teknik Modeling Simbolis di Kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 678, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 693, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Teknik Modeling Simbolis Menurut Bandura yang dikutip oleh", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 722, "width": 212, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nursalim (2007, hlm. 63) , bahwa modeling merupakan proses belajar melalui", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "150 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengamatan terhadap model dan perubahan perilaku yang terjadi karena peniruan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Corey yang dikutip oleh Purnamasari (2012, hlm. 22) ada bermacam-macam Teknik Modeling di antaranya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 176, "width": 197, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Modeling Langsung ( live model ) Modeling nyata merupakan cara atau prosedur yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan model langsung seperti konselor, guru, teman sebaya maupun tokoh yang dikaguminya. b) Modeling simbolik Modeling simbolik merupakan cara atau prosedur yang dilakukan menggunakan media seperti film, video, dan buku pedoman.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 351, "width": 193, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Modeling Ganda Modeling ganda merupakan gabungan dari", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 380, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "modeling nyata dan modeling simbolik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 409, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut corey yang dikutip oleh Purnamasari (2012, hlm. 28), adapun tahapan Teknik Modeling Simbolis adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 467, "width": 216, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Memberikan perhatian (atensi), dalam belajar melalui pengamatan, seseorang harus memberi perhatian atau atensi pada suatu model, mengamati, dan mengingat perilaku dari sang model.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 67, "top": 540, "width": 216, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Representasi yaitu tingkah laku yang akan ditiru sebaiknya harus disimbolisasi dalam ingatan, baik berupa bentuk verbal, gambar dan imajinasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 613, "width": 219, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Reproduksi dapat diartikan sebagai peniruan tingkah laku model, yaitu bagaimana melakukannya, apa yang harus dikerjakan? Apakah sudah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 671, "width": 198, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "benar? Hasil lebih daripada pencapaian tujuan belajar dan afeksi pembelajaran.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 67, "top": 700, "width": 216, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Motivasional tahap akhir adalah memberi motivasi dan penguatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 729, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Motivasi tinggi untuk melakukan tingkah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 329, "top": 74, "width": 197, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "laku model membuat belajar menjadi efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 118, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengertian Tugas Perkembangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 132, "width": 212, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hurlock (1978) menyebutkan bahwa tugas perkembangan yaitu belajar menyesuaikan diri terhadap pola - pola hidup baru, belajar untuk memiliki cita- cita yang tinggi, mencari identitas diri dan pada usia kematangannya mulai belajar memantapkan identitas diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 234, "width": 212, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Havighurst dalam Malik (2015) mengemukakan bahwa perjalanan hidup seseorang ditandai oleh adanya tugas- tugas yang harus dipenuhi. Secara garis besar Havighurst menengaskan bahwa tugas-tugas perkembangan yang dilakukan seseorang pada masa kehidupan tertentu adalah disesuaikan dengan norma-norma sosial serta norma- norma kebudayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 380, "width": 212, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas-tugas perkembangan dituntut adanya korelasi antara potensi diri dan pendidikan yang diterima nak, serta norma-norma sosial budaya yang ada. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 465, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Faktor genetik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 480, "width": 159, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Faktor eksternal/lingkungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 498, "width": 211, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas-tugas perkembangan manusia, termasuk peserta didik, muncul dari tiga sumber yang berbeda. Pertama, kematangan fisik, misalnya, untuk belajar berjalan. Kedua, kekuatan sosiostruktural dan budaya, misalnya, umur minimum untuk perkawinan, umur minimum untuk memperoleh surat izin mengemudi (SIM), dan sebagainya. Ketiga, nilai-nilai pribadi dan aspirasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 658, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Landasan Religius", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 672, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam landasan religius BK diperlukan penekanan pada 3 hal pokok :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 701, "width": 203, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Keyakinan bahwa manusia dan seluruh alam adalah makhluk tuhan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 323, "top": 730, "width": 204, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sikap yang mendorong perkembangan dan peri kehidupan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 38, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 151", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 74, "width": 190, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "manusia berjalan kearah dan sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah agama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 103, "width": 204, "height": 127, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Upaya yang memungkinkan berkembang dan dimanfaatkannya secara optimal suasana dan perangkat budaya serta kemasyarakatan yang sesuai dengan kaidah-kaidah agama untuk membentuk perkembangan dan pemecahan masalah individu. Landasan religius", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 228, "top": 220, "width": 55, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkenaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan berikut di bawah ini.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 249, "width": 181, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Manusia Sebagai Makhluk Tuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 263, "width": 115, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sikap Keberagaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 278, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Peran Agama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 307, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Bimbingan Kelompok", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 322, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Crow & Crow dalam Mahdi (2017) bimbingan adalah bantuan yang dilakukan seseorang yang sudah terlatih secara profesional terhadap individu dari segala usia dalam mengelola kegiatan hidupnya, mengembangkan pola pikirnya, membuat keputusan sendiri dan memikul bebannya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 238, "height": 185, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Prayitno, (2001, hlm. 89) disebutkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok yaitu layanan bimbingan dan konseling yang memungkinkan peserta didik memperoleh kesempatan untuk pembahasan dan pengentasan permasalahan yang dialaminya melalui dinamika kelompok,masalah yang dibahas itu adalah masalah pribadi yang dialami oleh masing masing anggota kelompok. Menurut Latipun (2008, hlm. 178) bimbingan kelompokmerupakan salah satu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 613, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bentuk konseling dengan memanfaatkan kelompok", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 211, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk membantu,memberi umpan balik ( feed back ) dan pengalaman belajar. Bimbingan kelompokdalam prosesnya menggunakan prinsip prinsip dinamika kelompok ( group dynamic ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prayitno (2001) mengemukakan bahwa bimbingan kelompok adalah Suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh sekelompok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "orang dengan memanfaatkan dinamika kelompok. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 132, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 147, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) atau yang biasa dikenal dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 191, "width": 212, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Classroom Action Research . Makna Penelitian tindakan ( action research ) dalam seting pendidikan dijelaskan oleh MCNiff (2013) sebagai berikut .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 249, "width": 184, "height": 155, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Action research is a form of self- reflective inquiry undertaken by participants (teachers, students or principals, for example) in social (including educational) situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of (1) their own social or educational practices, (2) their understanding of these practices, and (3) the situations (and institutions) in which the practice are", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 409, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "carried out.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 423, "width": 212, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pendapat tersebut, dapat dirumuskan beberapa ide pokok tentang penelitian tindakan, yaitu sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 482, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) Penelitian tindakan merupakan suatu bentuk inkuiri atau penyelidikan yang dilakukan melalui refleksi diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 525, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b) Penelitian tindakan dilakukan oleh peserta yang terlibat dalam situasi yang diteliti, seperti guru, siswa atau kepala sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 584, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c) Penelitian tindakan dilakuan dalam situasi sosial, termasuk situasi pendidikan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 627, "width": 211, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d) Tujuan penelitian tindakan adalah untuk memperbaiki dasar pemikiran dan kepantasan dari praktik-praktik, pemahaman terhadap praktik tersebut, dan situasi atau lembaga tempat praktik tersebut dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "152 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 771, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Prosedur Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 112, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian yang digunakan berbentuk siklus yang mengacu kepada model penelitian dari sistem spiral refleksi model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart dikutip Sukidin (2002) . Siklus penelitian ini berlangsung dalam beberapa kali sampai tujuan yang diinginkan tercapai. Prosedur tindakan dilakukan melalui kegiatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 127, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perencanaan ( plan ), tindakan ( act ), observasi ( observe ) dan refleksi ( reflect ). Pada siklus II dan seterusnya jenis kegiatan yang dilakukan guru dan observer yaitu memperbaiki rencana, tindakan, observasi dan refleksi. Adapun prosedur pengembangan model tindakan yang dilaksanakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 234, "width": 45, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siklus 1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 332, "width": 274, "height": 221, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siklus 2 Siklus 2 Gambar 2 Prosedur penelitian", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 83, "top": 254, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rencana Tindakan I", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 287, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan Tindakan 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 378, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Observasi Pelaksanaan Refleksi Tindakan I Rencana Tindakan 2 Pelaksanaan Tindakan 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 373, "top": 434, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Observasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 346, "top": 449, "width": 110, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan 2 Refleksi Tindakan 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 479, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rekomendasi", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 290, "top": 37, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 153", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 211, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur penelitian di atas dapat diterjemahkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 118, "width": 204, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Rencana tindakan, yaitu menyusun rencana tindakan meliputi menyusun perencanaan dimulai dari pembuatan rencana kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok, lembar kegiatan siswa, pedoman observasi keaktifan siswa, daftar cek, format observasi keaktifan siswa, angket respon siswa terhadap", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 93, "top": 234, "width": 190, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penggunaan tehnik bimbingan kelompok, format observasi pelaksanaan kegiatan bimbingan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 278, "width": 190, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kelompok oleh guru dengan menggunakan Teknik Modeling Simbolis, format diskusi balikan serta instrumen lainnya yang dibutuhkan selama penelitian. Penyusunan tersebut dilakukan bekerja sama antara peneliti dengan observer.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 79, "top": 380, "width": 204, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan tindakan, yaitu praktek teknik yang nyata dilakukan oleh guru/peneliti dan siswa berdasarkan rencana tindakan yang telah disusun sebelumnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 453, "width": 204, "height": 228, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Observasi pelaksanaan, adalah proses mendokumentasikan pengaruh, kendala, tindakan serta persoalan yang mungkin ada pada saat kegiatan bimbingan kelompok berlangsung. Pada saat observasi, observer mengamati proses Teknik Modeling Simbolis dengan mencatat kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh peneliti dan siswa, serta mencatat kendala-kendala yang dihadapi peneliti dalam menggunakan tehnik bimbingan kelompok. Hasil observasi itu akan mendasari refleksi untuk tindakan yang telah dilakukan dan dijadikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 671, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertimbangan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 685, "width": 190, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menyusun rencana tindakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 700, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "selanjutnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 79, "top": 714, "width": 204, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Refleksi tindakan, yaitu menjelaskan setiap efek-efeknya dari kegagalan pelaksanaan denan menggunakan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 89, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik Modeling", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 479, "top": 89, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simbolis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 103, "width": 190, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rekomendasi ini hasil kolaborasi antara guru/peneliti dan observer, dengan mendiskusikan kelebihan dan kekurangan serta pengaruhnya dalam kegiatan Modeling Simbolis pada setiap tindakan selama penelitian berlangsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 235, "width": 176, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 250, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Deskripsi Kondisi Awal (Pra-Siklus)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 265, "width": 211, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada kondisi awal penulis mendapatkan data dari hasil assesment inventory tugas perkembangan (ITP) yang menunjukkan bahwa landasan tugas perkembangan religius dari kelas IX.D memperoleh nilai yang paling rendah dibandingkan dengan nilai tugas perkembangan yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 381, "width": 212, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel profil kelompok kelas IX.D, dapat di lihat bahwa pencapaian tugas perkembangan pada aspek landasan hidup religius siswa kelas IX.D", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 439, "width": 211, "height": 127, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMP Negeri 34 Bandung memiliki nilai pencapaian tugas perkembangan paling rendah dibanding dengan nilai aspek tugas perkembangan yang lain yaitu dinyatakan dengan nila rata-rata baru mencapai 2,95 atau hanya sekitar 51,8 % dari yang seharusnya dicapai dalam nilai pencapaian tugas dari perkembangan yang tertinggi yaitu 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 570, "width": 214, "height": 185, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bahwa tugas perkembangan landasan hidup religius IX.D pada butir aspek sikap keimanan masih ada di tahap 3 (Tingkat Konformistik). Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka layanan bimbingan dan konseling, melalui bidang bimbingan sosial-pribadi di kelas IX.D akan memprioritaskan bagaimana sikap keimanan mereka untuk mengarah ke tingkat sadar diri, dengan ciri-ciri : mampu berpikir alternatif, melihat harapan dan berbagai kemungkinan dalam situasi, peduli untuk mengambil manfaat dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "154 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kesempatan yang ada, orientasi pemecahan masalah, memikirkan cara hidup serta, penyesuaian terhadap situasi dan peranan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 147, "width": 186, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Deskripsi Siklus I a. Perencanaan Tindakan Siklus I", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 214, "height": 126, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada perencanaan tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus yang berulang dan berkelanjutan dari siklus pertama dan siklus kedua. Setiap siklus terdiri atas empat tahap kegiatan yang meliputi a. tahap perencanaan ( planning ), b. tahap implementasi tindakan ( acting ), c. tahap observasi ( observing ) dan d. tahap refleksi ( reflecting ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 322, "width": 214, "height": 272, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan Pada kegiatan Bimbingan dan Konseling ini tahap awal, guru memberikan Perhatian (atensi) Dalam belajar melalui pengamatan, para siswa harus memberi perhatian atau atensi pada suatu model, mengamati, dan mengingat perilaku dari sang model melalui tayangan. Perilaku yang diamati tersebut harus menghasilkan dampak yang dapat ditangkap oleh panca indra dan memberikan manfaat yang lebih bagi si pengamat yaitu para siswa. Adanya partisipasi dari semua anggota kelompok siswa karena yang diutamakan adalah adanya modeling simbolis lewat video pembelajaran untuk membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peserta kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 598, "width": 211, "height": 141, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada saat guru membagi kelompok untuk diskusi ada beberapa anak tidak merespon terhadap kegiatan tersebut. Guru mengajak siswa untuk mengingatkan aktivitas religius yang biasa dilaksakan di rumah, namun masih ada siswa yang belum menyimak, bahkan ada yang memainkan handphone . Diharapkan semua peserta aktif berpendapat dan mencurahkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 729, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pendapat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 729, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan permasalahan yang dihadapi masing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masing yang tidak sengaja mungkin peserta lain akan dapat membaca permasalahan yang sebenarnya terjadi pada anggota kelompoknya sehingga mereka dapat memberikan masukan dan saran secara langsung maupun tidak langsung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 176, "width": 212, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pendapat dari para siswa diujung kegiatan inti penulis menjelaskan tentang pengertian yang benar tentang perilaku tugas perkembangan landasan religius yang sebaiknya sudah terinternalisasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Para siswa mengadakan Representasi Yaitu menirukan tingkah laku yang akan ditiru sebaiknya harus disimbolisasi dalam ingatan, baik berupa bentuk verbal,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "gambar dan imajinasi. Verbal memungkinkan para siswa mengevaluasi secara verbal tingkah laku yang diamati, mana yang dibuang dan mana yang dicoba untuk dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 423, "width": 113, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hasil Pengamatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 438, "width": 212, "height": 228, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan semangat dalam mengikuti kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis , para siswa merasa leluasa dalam menyampaikan pendapatnya tanpa ada rasa takut. Mereka terlihat gembira dan tanpa beban untuk menjawab ataupun melakukan semua kegiatan menirukan dari hasil menonton tayagan dengan penuh keceriaan tanpa merasa terpaksa tapi mereka suka untuk masuk dalam suasana yang penuh keakraban. Para siswa merasa satu kelas, senasib dan sepenanggungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 671, "width": 212, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan angket Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, terdapat rata-rata 54.68, ditemukan ada 36 orang siswa kelas IX.D yang Kurang dan cukup dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, ini berarti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 37, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 155", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menunjukkan hampir 54% siswa, kurang adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius masih berdasarkan pujian, mengerjakan karena perintah bukan kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual yang wajib saja. Hanya 2 orang yang tuntas (5.26%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 211, "height": 228, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rata-ratanya adalah 54.78 terdapat sebanyak 25 orang siswa atau 65,78 % dalam Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius menunjukkan aktivitas yang kurang dalam mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan kelompok, ini berarti pada aktivitas siswa siklus I, menunjukkan kegiatan bimbingan kelompok yang belum maksimal karena pada siklus ini belum dapat diikuti secara baik dan menyeluruh oleh seluruh siswa kelas IX.D. Meskipun 34.21 % siswa kegiatan bimbingan kelompok dengan baik, namun jumlah ini belum cukup untuk membuat seluruh siswa dapat mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan kelompok dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 423, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Refleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 438, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengamatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perubahan perilaku siswa dalam kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok sudah nampak ada sedikit perubahan yang ditimbulkannya dari pada saat prasiklus, walaupun belum begitu kelihatan karena setelah diberikannya tindakan siklus satu dari hasil pengamatan maupun dari catatan guru bimbingan dan konseling masih ditemui anak yang bertengkar di sekolah meskipun ada pengurangan jumlah peserta didik yang bertengkar di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 211, "height": 127, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini mungkin lebih memberikan nuansa tersendiri bagi peserta bimbingan kelompok karena kemungkinan dapat menyentuh perasaan dan pemahaman yang lebih baik pada peserta didik. Mengingat suasana kegiatan bukan seperti suasana belajar mengajar di kelas melainkan suasana yang kekeluargaan, merasa senasib dan sepermasalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk itu perlu dilaksanakan siklus II dengan perbaikan –perbaikan yang dilakukan oleh guru yaitu guru mengoptimalisasikan tahapan bimbingan, guru memberikan reward kepada siswa yang aktif dalam diskusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 176, "width": 179, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Deskripsi Pelaksanaan Siklus 2 a. Perencanaan Tindakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 205, "width": 214, "height": 83, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Siklus 2 pertemuan 1 akan dilaksanakan pada hari Rabu tanggal 7 Agustus 2018 Penulis menggunakan jam layanan klasikal bimbingan dan konseling yang telah terjadwal, dengan waktu @ 2 X 40 menit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 307, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 322, "width": 215, "height": 242, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian tindakan kelas kali ini penulis mencatat ada banyak peningkatan perilaku positif pada peserta didik kelas IX.D. adanya partisipasi dari semua anggota kelompok karena yang diutamakan adalah adanya dinamika kelompok untuk membantu menyelesaikan permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peserta kelompok. Pada saat guru membagi kelompok untuk diskusi ada seluruh anak merespon terhadap kegiatan tersebut. Guru mengajak siswa untuk mengingatkan aktivitas religius yang biasa dilaksakan di rumah, siswa menyimak secara positif, Sudah tidak ada yang memainkan handphone .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 583, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Hasil Pengamatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 598, "width": 212, "height": 97, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan semangat dalam mengikuti kegiatan layanan bimbingan kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis , mereka merasa leluasa dalam menyampaikan pendapatnya tanpa ada rasa takut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 700, "width": 214, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mereka terlihat gembira dan tanpa beban untuk menjawab ataupun melakukan semua kegiatan permainan dengan penuh keceriaan tanpa merasa terpaksa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 37, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "156 Margaretha. Meningkatkan Pemahaman Siswa......", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tapi mereka suka untuk masuk dalam suasana yang penuh kekeluargaan, mereka merasa satu kelas, senasib dan sepenanggungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 132, "width": 211, "height": 214, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari tabel 4.3. angket tugas kegiatan religius Siklus 2 , rata-ratanya adalah 86,05 sudah dapat sangat baik. hal tersebut berarti terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada siklus 2 yaitu 100 % tingkat perubahan prilakunya di antaranya dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius sudah berdasarkan kedasaran individu, tidak berdasarkan pujian mengerjakan karena perintah menjadi kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual tidak hanya yang wajib teati yang sunah pun dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 58, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Refleksi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 380, "width": 211, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian tindakan kelas kali ini penulis mencatat adanya peningkatan positif pada peserta didik kelas IX.D SMPN 34 Bandung Tahun Ajaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2018/2019. ini ditunjukan dengan sebanyak 81,07% atau 34 orang siswa dapat mengikuti kegiatan kegiatan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 496, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 211, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini, secara empirik telah terbukti bahwa penggunaan Teknik Modeling Simbolis dapat meningkatkan motivasi siswa dalam kegiatan Bimbingan Konseling di kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Tahun Pelajaran 2018/2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 642, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "E. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 656, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PTK ini telah jelas terlihat berhasil mampu Meningkatkan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius Siswa melalui Bimbingan Kelompok dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis di Kelas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 103, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aktivitas siswa dan peneliti guru menunjukan peningkatan. Hasil Siklus I angket Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, rata-rata 54.68, ada 36 orang siswa kelas IX.D yang Kurang dan cukup dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 191, "width": 212, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Religius, ini berarti menunjukkan hampir 54% siswa. Melaksanakan Tugas Perkembangan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 234, "width": 211, "height": 112, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Landasan Religius masih berdasarkan pujian, mengerjakan karena perintah bukan kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual yang wajib saja. Hanya 2 orang yang tuntas 5.26%. rata- ratanya adalah 54.78 terdapat sebanyak 25 orang siswa atau 65,78 % dalam Aspek Tugas Perkembangan Landasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 212, "height": 272, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Religius menunjukkan aktivitas yang kurang dalam mengikuti kegiatan bimbingan kelompok. Hasil Siklus 2, angket Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius Siklus 2 , rata-ratanya adalah 86,05 sebanyak 38 orang siswa sudah dapat sangat baik,baik. hal tersebut berarti terjadi perubahan yang signifikan pada siklus 2 yaitu 100 % tingkat perubahan prilakunya di antaranya dalam Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius, adanya Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Religius sudah berdasarkan kedasaran individu, tidak berdasrkan pujian mengerjakan karena perintah menjadi kesadaran sendiri, melaksanakan ibadah ritual tidak hanya yang wajib taati yang sunah pun dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 613, "width": 212, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan demikian maka penggunaan Teknik Modeling Simbolis terbukti dapat meningkatkan Tugas Perkembangan Landasan Hidup Religius Siswa dalam Bimbingan Konseling di Kelas IX.D SMP Negeri 34 Bandung Semester I Tahun Pelajaran 2018-2019.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 37, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pedagogia Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, Vol. 17 (2) (2019) 157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 772, "width": 155, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI 10.17509/pdgia.v17i2.18064 e.ISSN 2579-7700 p.ISSN 1693-5276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 454, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arumsari, C. (2016). Konseling Individual Dengan Teknik Modeling Simbolis Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Kontrol Diri. Jurnal Konseling GUSJIGANG , 2 (1). Bhakti, C. P. (2015). Bimbingan Dan Konseling Komprehensif: Dari Paradigma Menuju Aksi. Jurnal Fokus Konseling , 1 (2). Elizabeth B,Hurlock.(1978). Perkembangan Anak .Jakarta : Erlangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 154, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Habsy, B. A. (2017). Filosofi ilmu bimbingan dan konseling Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan (Teori dan Praktik) , 2 (1), 1-11. Latipun. (2008). Bimbingan dan Konseling . Jakarta : Erlangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 194, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lestari, I. (2015). Pengembangan Layanan Informasi Teknik Symbolic Model Dalam Membantu Mengembangkan Kemandirian Belajaranak Usia Sekolah Dasar. 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Pengungkapan Diri Siswa Sekolah Menengah dan Implikasinya Bagi Konseling. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan , 18 (1). Nursalim, M. (2007). Psikologi pendidikan. Surabaya: Unesa University . Purnamasari. (2012). Teknik-Teknik Konseling . Yogyakarta : Deepusnsh. Prayitno. (2004). Pelayanan Konseling di Sekolah . Padang : Universitas Negeri Padang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 387, "width": 454, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suhardita, K., Dartiningsih, M. W., Sapta, I. K., & Yuliastini, N. K. S. (2019). Manajemen Bimbingan Konseling di Sekolah Menengah Atas. Konvensi Nasional Bimbingan dan Konseling XXI , 89-98.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 425, "width": 410, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sukidin, D. (2002). Manajemen Penelitian Tindakan Kelas . Jakarta: Insan Cendekia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 438, "width": 455, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sunawan, D. Y., & Katarina, T. A. (2012). Bimbingan Konsultan Belajar Berbasis Self Regulated Learning Dalam Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan , 18 (1), 113-124.", "type": "List item" } ]

d2f289ca-e9a9-d745-f5cf-80b4f0a16c27

https://journal.stitaf.ac.id/index.php/ibtida/article/download/606/658

[ { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 191, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IBTIDA’ : Media Komunikasi Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 427, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah p-ISSN: 2722-8452 (Print) Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19 e- ISSN: 2722-8290 (Online) DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ ibtida’. https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 798, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 123, "width": 408, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI TOLERANSI DALAM PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI TINGKAT DASAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 165, "width": 241, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "M. Wahib 1 , Ahmad Isro’il 2, Khubni Maghfirotun 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 178, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3 Universitas Billfath, Lamongan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 253, "width": 384, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 18 Desember 2023; Received in revised form 04 April 2024; Accepted 05 April 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 287, "width": 44, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 304, "width": 428, "height": 181, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai toleransi penting ditanamkan kepada peserta didik sejak masih di tingkat dasar karena toleransi merupakan salah satu nilai dasar yang terkandung dalam ajaran Agama. Akan tetapi belum ada penelitian yang mengaji tentang Internalisasi nilai toleransi khususnya dalam pembelajaran matematikadi tingkat dasar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginternalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar, peneitian ini adalah penelitian studi literatur dengan tahapan pengumpulan data, analisis data kemudian penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah alternatif yang dapat dilakukan dalam internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar melalui simbol positif negatif dan volume balok. Hal ini dapat dianalogikan dengan sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan pendapat, keyakinan, atau pandangan. dengan memberikan contoh-contoh konkret tentang konsep matematika yang dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai toleransi, guru dapat membantu peserta didik untuk memahami dan menginternalisasi nilai toleransi. Sehingga melalui pembelajaran matematika guru dapat menanamkan nilai nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 294, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : internalisasi; pembelajaran matematika; toleransi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 527, "width": 46, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 428, "height": 155, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The value of tolerance is important to be instilled in students since an elementary level because tolerance is one of the basic values contained in religious teachings. However, there has been no research that examines the internalization of tolerance values, especially in mathematics learning at the elementary level. This research aims to internalize the value of tolerance in mathematics learning at the elementary level. This research is a literature study research. The results of this research are alternatives that can be carried out in internalizing the value of tolerance in mathematics learning at the elementary level through positive negative symbols and block volumes. This can be analogous to an attitude of mutual respect and respect for differences in opinions, beliefs or views. By providing concrete examples of mathematical concepts that can be analogous to the value of tolerance, teachers can help students understand and internalize the value of tolerance. So that through learning mathematics teachers can instill the values of tolerance in learning.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 282, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : internalization; mathematics learning; tolerance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 199, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "email :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 238, "top": 199, "width": 123, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected] 1 [email protected] 2 [email protected] 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 89, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 101, "width": 204, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia merupakan negara yang majemuk dengan keberagaman suku, agama, bahasa, dan budaya. Pemerintah Indonesia mengakui dan mempromosikan keberagaman ini sebagai kekuatan dan kekayaan negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 202, "height": 160, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Hutabarat, 2016). Meskipun terdapat tantangan dalam mengelola keberagaman ini, upaya terus dilakukan untuk membangun kesatuan dan kerukunan di antara berbagai kelompok masyarakat. Sehingga perlu adanya pondasi yang kuat di masyarakat untuk menyikapi tantangan atas kemajemukan masyarakat yang ada di Indonesia.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 360, "width": 201, "height": 208, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tolensi merupakan salah satu nilai yang perlu di tanamkan sejak dini atau sejak usia sekolah di tingkat dasar, sebagai pondasi yang utama dalam menghadapi kemajemakan yang ada di Indonesia (Sari, Zultrianti, Fitriyani, & Amalia, 2020) (Nuswantari, 2018). Toleransi bukan hanya tentang menghindari konflik atau ketegangan, tetapi juga menciptakan lingkungan yang inklusif di mana setiap individu merasa dihormati dan diakui (Rahmawati & Fatmawati, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 202, "height": 143, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengenalan nilai nilai toleransi di dunia Pendidikan kita, di lapangan hanya fokus mata pelajaran tertentu saja, sebagai contoh hanya mata pelajaran PAI dan PKN saja yang mengenalkan konsep nilai-nilai toleransi. Padahal pengenalan dan pengamalan nilai-nilai toleransi bisa di intergrasikan melalu seluruh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 716, "width": 201, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "matapelajaran. Sehingga seluruh guru ada kewajiban menanamkan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengenalkan nilai nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran di kelas, terutama pembelajaran matematika. Karena di sekolah sekolah, matematika hanya fokus sama pengembangan pengetahun atau ilmu berpikir (Isro'il & Supriyanto, 2020).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 198, "width": 204, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu alternatif dalam internalisasi nilai toleransi pada Pendidikan dasar di sekolah adalah melalui pembelajaran matematika (Hairullah, Pasani, & Sari, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 279, "width": 201, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam hal ini pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 312, "width": 201, "height": 62, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan ruang dalam menamkan nilai nilai toleransi dalam kehidupan (Prabowo & Sidi, 2010) (Nufus, Zulfani, Firdaus, Agustina, & Fadhilah, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 376, "width": 202, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagaimana konsep matematika sendiri memberikan ruang gerak dalam usaha mewujudkan manusia manusia yang menerima perbedaan dalam memecahkan suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 457, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "permasalahan (Isro'il & Supriyanto,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 474, "width": 201, "height": 30, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2020) (Nafi'an, Ahmadi, Muttaqin, & Afifah, 2023) (Nurkarim, Qonita, &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 506, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Isroil, 2024). Ini terlihat setiap operasi dalam matematika, berpotensi berbeda cara penyelesaian dan berbeda jawaban, pembelajaran matematika juga dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan peserta didik tentang perbedaan dan keragaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 619, "width": 202, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan peneliti, pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar cenderung fokus pada aspek kognitif dan keterampilan matematika (Susanti, Retnawati, Arliani, & Irfan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 700, "width": 201, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2023). Padahal pembelajaran matematika dapat di internalisasikan pada nilai-nilai karakter, salah satunya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 36, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahib , Internalisasi Nilai Toleransi … 13", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "adalah nilai toleransi. Sehingga tujuan penelitian ini adalah internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 201, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 122, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 201, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini adalah penelitian studi literatur, karena penelitian ini mengkaji literatur-leiteratur secara tertulis dari artikel ilmiah dan sumber yang lain (Sugiyono, 2016). Studi literatur digunakan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 201, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menganalisis literatur internalisasi nilai tolerani yang dapat di terapkan dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar. Dalam studi literatur ini diawali dengan pengumpulan data dari artikel atau buku yang berkaitan tentang nilai toleransi dan internalisasi toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika. Dari data tersebut kemudian di analisis, kemudia penarikan kesimpulan kita lakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 144, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 490, "width": 201, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagian ini kita akan bahas bagaimana seorang guru melakukan internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika di tingkat dasar. Nilai toleransi merupakan nilai penting yang perlu ditanamkan sejak dini, karena dapat membantu peserta didik untuk menjadi pribadi yang toleran dan menghargai perbedaan. Internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam matematika adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 668, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Penggunaan simbol (+) dan (-)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 201, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagianpertama ini kita akan fokus dalam pembelajaran matematika tentang simbol (+) dan (-), karena penggunaan symbol tersebut bisa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 63, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan guru dalam menginternalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran mateatika di tingkat dasar.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 150, "width": 202, "height": 62, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Symbol (+) dan (-) dalam berbagai keadaan (Dewi, 2023) (Imaludin & Lusyana, 2023) dapat kita jabarkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 214, "width": 201, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai operasi hitung, symbol (+) digunakan untuk penjumlahan, sedangkan (-) digunakan untuk pengurangan. Sebagai contoh \"3 + 2\" dibaca tiga ditambah dua dan “ 4 − 2\" dibaca empat dikurangi dua.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 312, "width": 202, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai penyusun bilangan, symbol (+) digunakan untuk menunjukan nilai positif, sedangkan (-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 360, "width": 202, "height": 225, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ") digunakan untuk menunjukan nilai negatif. sebagai contoh \" + 5\" dibaca positif lima dan \" − 5\" dibaca negatif lima. Jika kita cermati penggunaan ini kita dapat menginternalisasi pembelajaran matematika secara langsung untuk menanamkan nilai toleransi dan belajar menerima perbedaan dalam fungsi dan tempat, karena dalam pembelajaran tersebut menerapkan bagaimana kita harus mampu menempatkan sesuatu sesuai dengan keadaan dan lingkuran sekitar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 587, "width": 202, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atau dapat kita simpulkan \"menempatkan sesuai dengan tempatnya\" dapat mencerminkan sikap toleransi (Hutabarat, 2016). Misalnya, dalam konteks interaksi sosial, toleransi dapat tercermin dalam perilaku yang menghormati dan mengakui keberagaman pendapat atau pandangan, meskipun kita mungkin tidak selalu setuju.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam situasi tertentu, \"menempatkan sesuai dengan tempatnya\" mungkin memerlukan kebijakan atau etika tertentu agar berbagai elemen masyarakat dapat berinteraksi secara harmonis. Toleransi dapat membantu masyarakat untuk", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 201, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mencapai keseimbangan antara hak individu dan norma-norma sosial tanpa merugikan hak-hak atau martabat individu (Nuswantari, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 273, "width": 212, "height": 241, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Ukuran balok yang memiliki volume 𝟑𝟔 𝒄𝒎 𝟑 Kemungkinan alternatif jawaban terhadap soal nomor 2 yaitu menggambar Balok yang volumenya adalah 36 𝑐𝑚 3 . Hal ini dikarenakan oleh banyaknya variasi balok yang dapat memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 Berikut adalah beberapa alternatif jawaban balok yang volumenya adalah 36 𝑐𝑚 3 . a. Balok dengan ukuran 2 𝑐𝑚 × 2 𝑐𝑚 × 9 𝑐𝑚 Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 517, "width": 44, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 533, "width": 96, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 565, "width": 86, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑡 = tinggi balok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 597, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 85, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 2 × 2 × 9 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 117, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 2𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 2 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 9 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 198, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 360, "width": 185, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 9 × 2 × 2 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 393, "width": 188, "height": 62, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 9𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 2 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 474, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 619, "width": 188, "height": 95, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 2 × 9 × 2 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 2𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 9 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 669, "width": 361, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Balok dengan ukuran 1 𝑐𝑚 × 4 𝑐𝑚 × 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 377, "top": 262, "width": 148, "height": 357, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 2 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 2 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 316, "top": 36, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahib , Internalisasi Nilai Toleransi … 15", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 134, "width": 44, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 150, "width": 96, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 182, "width": 86, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑡 = tinggi balok Alternatif 1", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 360, "width": 185, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 1 × 4 × 9 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 393, "width": 188, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 1𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 4 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 9 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 636, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 9 × 1 × 4 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 668, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 9𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 1 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 4 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 85, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 3", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 326, "top": 247, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 4 × 9 × 1 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 279, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 4𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 9 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 21𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 360, "width": 203, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Balok dengan ukuran 3 𝑐𝑚 ×", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 378, "width": 61, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3𝑐𝑚 × 4𝑐𝑚", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 391, "width": 187, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 456, "width": 97, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok 𝑡 = tinggi balok Alternatif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 666, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 3 × 3 × 4 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 698, "width": 188, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 140, "width": 375, "height": 514, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑡 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 9 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 188, "height": 63, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Panjang = 3𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 3 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 4 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 295, "width": 187, "height": 128, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 3 × 4 × 3 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 3 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 4 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 3 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 555, "width": 188, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 4 × 3 × 3 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 4𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 3 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 668, "width": 203, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Balok dengan ukuran 1 𝑐𝑚 ×", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 685, "width": 71, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 𝑐𝑚 × 12 𝑐𝑚", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 698, "width": 187, "height": 47, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balok dengan volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 dapat diperoleh melalui rumus volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 85, "width": 97, "height": 79, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan 𝑝 = Panjang balok 𝑙 = lebar balok 𝑡 = tinggi balok Alternatif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 312, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 1 × 3 × 12 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 344, "width": 188, "height": 79, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 1 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 3 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 12 𝑐𝑚 Alternatif 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 193, "width": 374, "height": 473, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 12 × 1 × 3 = 36 Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 12 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 1 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 4 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 3 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑝 = 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑙 = 1 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 316, "top": 36, "width": 197, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahib , Internalisasi Nilai Toleransi … 17", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 303, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 85, "width": 66, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 247, "width": 185, "height": 30, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga volume balok = 𝑝 × 𝑙 × 𝑡 = 3 × 12 × 1 = 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 279, "width": 187, "height": 63, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sehingga, Balok akan memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 untuk ukuran Panjang = 3 𝑐𝑚 , lebar = 12 𝑐𝑚 dan tinggi = 1 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 201, "height": 208, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alternatif dari bentuk balok atau ukuran balok di atas terdiri dari beberapa alternatif akan tetapi hasilnya tetap, sehingga nilai yang di dapat adalah seseorang boleh menggunakan berbagai cara dalam menuju sesuatu walaupun secara hasilnya tetap sama. Hal ini di analogikan dengan nilai toleransi yaitu sikap yang tidak memaksakan kehendak kepada orang lain, tetapi menghargai perbedaan dan kebebasan orang lain (Shihab, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 201, "height": 192, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T oleransi adalah prinsip yang telah tertanam dalam jiwa melalui perwujudan sikap untuk menerima berbagai pandangan atau pendirian orang lain, meskipun berbeda pemikiran dengannya (Badawi, 1992). Secara umum, toleransi dapat didefinisikan sebagai sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan pendapat, keyakinan, atau pandangan, meskipun berbeda dengan diri sendiri. Toleransi merupakan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 63, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "prinsip penting dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, karena dapat menciptakan kerukunan dan kedamaian.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 166, "width": 144, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 183, "width": 204, "height": 386, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Internalisasi nilai toleransi dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan contoh-contoh konkret tentang konsep matematika yang dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai toleransi. Dalam teks di atas, dua contoh yang diberikan adalah: penggunaan symbol (+) dan (- ) yang memiliki penggunaan yang berbeda jika berada di keadaan yang berbeda. Hal ini dapat dianalogikan dengan sikap toleransi yaitu sikap yang mampu beradaptasi di lingkungan yang berbeda. Gambarlah bangun ruang balok yang volumenya adalah 36 𝑐𝑚 3 Ada banyak bangun ruang balok yang dapat memiliki volume 36 𝑐𝑚 3 . Jawabannya tidak tunggal, dan semua jawabannya dapat diterima secara logika. Hal ini juga dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai toleransi, yaitu sikap saling menghormati dan menghargai perbedaan pendapat, keyakinan, atau pandangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 210, "width": 363, "height": 537, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum, internalisasi nilai tasamuh dalam pembelajaran matematika dapat dilakukan dengan cara: (1) Memberikan contoh-contoh konkret tentang konsep matematika yang dapat dianalogikan dengan nilai tasamuh (2) Membimbing siswa untuk memahami konsep matematika dengan cara yang berbeda-beda (3) Menghargai perbedaan pendapat siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal 𝑝 = 3 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 124, "width": 68, "height": 59, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝑙 = 12 𝑐𝑚 𝑡 = 1 𝑐𝑚", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Volume 05, No. 01, April 2024, Hal. 11-19", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 60, "width": 207, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.faibillfath.ac.id/index.php/ibtida", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 771, "width": 426, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2024 by the authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 201, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "matematika. Dengan melakukan hal- hal di atas, guru dapat membantu peserta didik untuk memahami dan menginternalisasi nilai tasamuh. Nilai tasamuh merupakan nilai penting yang perlu ditanamkan sejak dini, karena dapat membantu siswa untuk menjadi pribadi yang toleran dan menghargai perbedaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 107, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 198, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Badawi, A. (1992). Kamus al-Mu'jam al- Wasith. 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d07a2a9f-cd68-865d-1130-cb9b318fbae0

https://journal.unibos.ac.id/eco/article/download/2132/1424

[ { "left": 513, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "82", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 194, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 88, "width": 442, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gamifikasi Aplikasi Kuliner Berbasis Web Sebagai Strategi E-Marketing Produk Bahan Pangan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 132, "width": 427, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gamification of Web-Based Culinary Applications as an E-Marketing Strategy for Food Products", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 169, "width": 353, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rini Nur * , Muhammad Nur Yasir Utomo, Nur Ayu Farahgta Fansab", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 186, "width": 427, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Email: [email protected] Program Studi Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan, Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 195, "top": 218, "width": 213, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima: 03 Januari 2023 / Disetujui: 30 April 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 242, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 261, "width": 451, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi kuliner yang berisi ribuan resep masakan memiliki peluang untuk pengembangan stategi e- marketing. Tidak sedikit penyaji resep masakan secara eksplisit menuliskan bahan yang digunakan dengan merek produk yang hanya menguntungkan perusahaan terkait. Penyebutan ini, secara tidak langsung membuat penyaji resep merekomendasikan produk tersebut kepada para pembaca resep. Akan tetapi, penyaji resep tidak mendapatkan feedback apapun dari perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan aplikasi kuliner berbasis web yang di dalamnya menerapkan konsep gamifikasi guna memaksimalkan e-marketing dan sosial bisnis. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian pengembangan, sedangkan data dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif. Alur gamifikasi dimodelkan dalam Graph Database karena unsur-unsur terkait memiliki keterhubungan data satu sama lain yang sangat kuat. Selain memaksimalkan stategi e-marketing melalui aplikasi kuliner, user yang terlibat di dalamnya pun akan mendapatkan benefit dari penyebutan merek bahan pangan tersebut melalui konsep bisnis sosial. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian menggunakan metode blackbox testing, disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ini berjalan sesuai fungsi dari setiap fitur berdasarkan kondisi masukan. Hasil uji coba melalui kuesioner dengan total 45 responden dimana kinerja sistem menunjukkan nilai 99,98%, pengaruh gamifikasi dalam sistem untuk user menunjukkan nilai 97.7% dan kepuasan responden terhadap user interface menunjukan nilai 91.1%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 470, "width": 249, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: E-marketing, Gamifikasi, Graph Database", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 495, "width": 59, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 513, "width": 451, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Culinary applications that contain thousands of recipes have opportunities for the development of e- marketing strategies. Not a few recipe presenters explicitly write down the ingredients used with product brands that only benefit the related company. This mention indirectly makes the recipe presenter recommend the product to the recipe readers. However, the recipe presenter did not receive any feedback from the company. This study aims to implement web-based culinary applications in which the concept of gamification is applied to maximize e-marketing and social business. The type of research used is development research, while the data is analyzed descriptively quantitatively. The gamification flow is modeled in the Graph Database because related elements have very strong data connectivity with each other. In addition to maximizing the e-marketing strategy through culinary applications, users who are involved in it will also benefit from mentioning the food brand through the concept of social business. Based on the test results using the blackbox testing method, it is concluded that this application runs according to the function of each feature based on input conditions. The test results through a questionnaire with a total of 45 respondents where the performance of the system shows a value of 99.98%, the effect of gamification in the system for users shows a value of 97.7% and respondents' satisfaction with the user interface shows a value of 91.1%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 721, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : E-marketing, Gamification, Graph Database", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 742, "width": 331, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 CC-BY International license", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 29, "width": 104, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN: 1411-3597 e-ISSN: 2527-7286 DOI: 10.35965/eco.v23i1.2132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "83", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 207, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi kuliner pada umumnya menyajikan berbagai jenis resep masakan yang memiliki rincian bahan dan cara pembuatannya (Muludi et al, 2016; Nurkasanah & Hakim, 2022). Beberapa sumber informasi resep kuliner yang paling banyak diminati secara berurut adalah website, media sosial, lalu aplikasi mobile (Erdiana, 2018). Beberapa aplikasi web kuliner seperti cookpad.com memiliki sistem layaknya media sosial (Erdiana, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 207, "height": 259, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media sosial berperan penting dalam membangun Public Relations (Topan & Widiasanty, 2022). Adapun tujuan dan sasarannya adalah memperoleh keuntungan bersama antara masyarakat dan perusahaan (Lestari & Nurhajati, 2019). Keuntungan kedua belah pihak ini dapat membangun konsep sosial bisnis antara perusahaan dan masyarakat. Sosial bisnis ini bertujuan menciptakan dampak positif yang menggunakan aliran pendapatan untuk menjaga berkelanjutan finansial (Fuadi et al ., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 207, "height": 115, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep sosial bisnis pada umumnya dapat diterapkan pada sebuah aplikasi seperti aplikasi kuliner (Leofitri, 2021). Penyaji resep masakan secara eksplisit menuliskan bahan yang digunakan dengan merek produk yang hanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 301, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menguntungkan perusahaan terkait karena secara tidak langsung, penyaji resep merekomendasikan produk tersebut kepada para pembaca resep. Namun demikian, konsep sosial bisnis ini seringkali tidak berhasil berjalan dengan baik karena kurangnya apresiasi perusahaan kepada pengguna aplikasi yang telah mempromosikan brand dan produk perusahan (Damayanti & Bulan, 2018). Padahal, dengan apresiasi pada pengguna, perusahaan dapat menerapkan e-marketing dengan konsep sosial bisnis agar pengguna dapat lebih banyak mempromosikan produk perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 398, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Pertiwi et al , 2019; Erpurini et al , 2023)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 419, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk mengatasi masalah social bisnis, beberapa penelitian telah mencoba menerapkan beberapa metode seperti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 481, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penerapan gamifikasi (Saputra &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 502, "width": 207, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Handani, 2016). Gamifikasi merupakan salah satu metode yang dapat dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengalaman, loyalty, brand awareness, dan motivasi pengguna dalam melakukan transaksi jual beli (Wulandari et al .,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 626, "width": 207, "height": 115, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2022). Namun demikian penerapa gamifikasi pada penelitian sebelumnya menemui kendala terkait database yang masih menggunakan SQL. Banyaknya relasi data yang akan muncul terkait perilaku sosial bisnis pada aplikasi secara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "84", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tidak langsung membuat beban kerja database menjadi meningkat signifikan (Hadinata, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan aplikasi kuliner berbasis web yang di dalamnya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menerapkan konsep gamifikasi guna memaksimalkan e-marketing dan sosial bisnis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 301, "width": 210, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengembangan, sedangkan data yang dihasilkan dianalisis secara kuantitatif, kemudian dideskripsikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 384, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut ini merupakan tahapan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 557, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Alur Metode Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 577, "width": 207, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis kebutuhan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan yang bersumber dari masalah yang ada sehingga perancangan sistem dibangun sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Adapun kebutuhan dari analisis masalah yang telah dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 191, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Daftar Kebutuhan Fungsional No Aktor Fungsi 1 Admin - Menambahkan user perusahaan, - Manajemen data (bahan, user , perusahaan, resep, dll) 2 Perusahaan - Melihat, menambah, dan menghapus voucher yang tersedia 3 Pengguna - Mengupload resep, - Menukar voucher , - Melihat log poin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 275, "width": 208, "height": 384, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini diperlukan sebuah desain dan perancangan sistem sebagai acuan penelitian dan bertujuan untuk menentukan desain atau skema dari sebuah sistem yang akan di bangun. Rancangan pertama ialah gambaran umum sistem yang menjelaskan tentang komponen-komponen yang terlibat secara umum. Sistem yang dibangun terdiri dari Web di mana web tersebut menggunakan database Neo4j dan terhubung pada tiga user yakni admin, perusahaan, dan user umum. Gamifikasi dikelola pada web server, admin dan perusahaan mengolah fungsionalnya melalui web admin, sebaliknya user dihubungkan dengan konsep gamifikasi melalui web server dan mengolah fungsionalnya melalui web user.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "85", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 232, "width": 168, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Gambaran Umum Sistem", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 252, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan kedua ialah diagram Use", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 207, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Case yang digunakan untuk mengetahui fungsi apa saja yang ada di dalam sistem dan siapa saja yang berhak menggunakan fungsi-fungsi tersebut. Adapun Use Case adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 525, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Diagram Use Case", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 544, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan ketiga yang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 565, "width": 207, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipersiapkan yaitu rancangan database yang mengacu pada analisis kebutuhan, diagram sequence, dan diagram usecase, adapun rancangan database adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 79, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 320, "top": 260, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Pemodelan Graph Database", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 279, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Database yang dirancang dalam pembuatan sistem terdiri dari 5 node yaitu Person, Resep, Voucher, Perusahaan, dan Bahan yang masing-masing memiliki Property Keys seperti pada gambar. Terdapat 5 relation types yaitu have_poin, have_product, have_recipe, log_poin, dan claim_voucher.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 445, "width": 208, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancangan keempat ialah rancangan gamifikasi. Elemen-elemen yang akan dilibatkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan tujuan dari penulis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 346, "top": 713, "width": 125, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Alur Gamifikasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5 diatas memperlihatkan bahwa: (i). User mendapatkan poin jika melakukan post resep menggunakan produk dari perusahaan tertentu. (ii). User dapat menerima manfaat dari poin yang dimiki dengan cara menukarkan poin dengan voucher. (iii). User akan memiliki level dan badge sesuai jumlah kontribusi / post. Level dan badge dapat dijelaskan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 295, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Tabel Poin level Serta Badge", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 313, "width": 186, "height": 180, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Level Poin Level Badge 1 Level 1 0 poin Tidak ada badge 2 Level 2 15 poin Tidak ada badge 3 Level 3 75 poin Tidak ada badge 4 Level 4 250 poin 5 Level 5 500 poin 6 Level 6 1.500 poin 7 Level 7 5.000 poin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 513, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Level 8 15.000 poin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 542, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Level 9 50.000 poin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 572, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Level 10 100.000 poin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian dilakukan dengan cara menguji keberhasilan dari sisi sistem gamifikasi melalui uji Blackbox dan dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sisi kemudahan penggunaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 691, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 691, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengujian melalui", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 207, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kuesioner user. Blackbox digunakan untuk mengetahui modul-modul apa saja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang sudah berjalan sesuai dengan rancangan (Muhtadibillah, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 129, "width": 207, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan kuesioner digunakan untuk mengetahui sebagaimana berhasil aplikasi dapat digunakan oleh user (Susilo, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 198, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 218, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menghasilkan aplikasi web publik yang digunakan pengguna untuk mengunggah resep.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 280, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Database", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 301, "width": 208, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam relationship have poin, terdapat properties key yakni ID dan Poin, di mana poin akan berisi total poin dari perusahaan terkait terhadap user. Akan terperbarui sesuai dengan poin yang dimiliki user. Properties Key inilah yang ditampilkan pada aplikasi untuk total poin per perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 616, "width": 150, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Hasil Query Database", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 641, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hasil Sistem Aplikasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 662, "width": 208, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem aplikasi dibangun berbasis website sehingga dapat digunakan user untuk mengupload resep dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 724, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mendapatkan benefit dari gamifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "87", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7 memperlihatkan contoh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tampilan aplikasi.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 119, "top": 408, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Tampilan Aplikasi", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Hasil Pengujian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Pengujian Blackbox dapat dilihat pada dilihat pada tabel 3, 4, 5 dan 6 berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 516, "width": 201, "height": 153, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Profil No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan tombol poin Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol resep Berhasil 3 Menekan tombol tambah resep Berhasil Tabel 4. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Poin No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan poin berdasarkan perusahaan Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol log poin Berhasil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 93, "top": 672, "width": 187, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Menekan tombol tukar Berhasil 4 Menekan voucher Berhasil", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 88, "width": 208, "height": 244, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Beranda No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan resep Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol register Berhasil Tabel 6. Pengujian Blackbox Halaman Admin No. Data Masukan Hasil 1 Menekan tombol login Berhasil 2 Menekan tombol tambah bahan Berhasil 3 Menekan tombol tambah voucher Berhasil 4 Menekan tombol tambah user Berhasil 5 Menekan tombol tambah perusahaan Berhasil Berdasarkan hasil analisis kuesioner, tingkat kepuasan user terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 207, "height": 197, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sistem dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuisioner secara random pada 45 orang. Adapun metode pengisian kuisioner yang digunakan ialah menggunakan metode skala Likert dan skala Guttman. Skala yang digunakan ialah 1 untuk ‘sangat tidak setuju’, 2 untuk ‘tidak setuju’, 3 untuk ‘cukup’, 4 untuk ‘setuju’ dan 5 untuk ‘sangat setuju’. Hasil yang diperolah dijabarkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 549, "width": 206, "height": 191, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Kuesioner Terhadap User Interface Sistem No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Pemilihan warna 0 2.2 8.9 40 48.9 2 Tombol- tombol mudah digunakan 0 2.2 13.3 26.7 57,8 3 Tata letak komponen 0 0 11.1 44,4 44.4 4 Urutan komponen memudahka n pengguna 0 2.2 6.7 28.9 62.2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kuesioner terhadap user interface sistem secara keseluruhan menunjukkan nilai paling rendah adalah kemudahan dalam menggunakan tombol- tombol dengan nilai 84.5% dan yang menunjukkan nilai paling tinggi adalah urutan komponen pada halaman resep", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memudahkan pengguna dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 207, "height": 115, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengupload resep yakni 91.1%. Secara keseluruhan rata-rata dari penilaian mengenai user interface yakni 88.3%. Dengan angka ini, user interface sistem masih tergolong dalam keadaan baik namun perlu dilakukan perbaikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 377, "width": 199, "height": 134, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Kuesioner Terhadap Kinerja Sistem No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Respon perpindahan halaman baik 0 0 8.9 48. 9 42. 2 2 Data yang pada tampilan sesuai dengan tombol yang dipilih 0 0 0 35.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 240, "top": 467, "width": 40, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 64. 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 207, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kuesioner terhadap kinerja sistem menunjukkan hasil di tertinggi di 100% dan terendah di 91.1%. Dengan ini,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 583, "width": 207, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kinerja sistem butuh diperbaiki di bagian respon perpindahan halaman, yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 624, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menurut sebagian responden belum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 411, "height": 664, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Kuesioner Terhadap Fungsi Gamifikasi No Indikator Ya Tidak 1 Apakah poin yang Anda dapatkan setelah mengupload resep sesuai dengan 100% No Indikator Ya Tidak role? 2 Apakah level yang Anda dapatkan setelah mengupload resep sesuai dengan role ? 100% 3 Apakah poin yang telah Anda kumpulkan dapat ditukar untuk mendapatkan barcode sesuai dengan voucher", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 333, "top": 249, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang tersedia?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 436, "top": 169, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 268, "width": 208, "height": 114, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Hasil Kuesioner terhadap 45 orang, kinerja fungsi gamifikasi pada sistem telah berjalan dengan baik sesuai role yang telah ditetapkan pada bab 3 bagian perancangan dengan menunjukkan kinerja 100% baik pada indikator", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 392, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penilaian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 412, "width": 204, "height": 341, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 10. Hasil Kuesioner Mengenai Pengaruh Gamifikasi Dalam Sistem No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 1 Saya semakin antusias menggunakan sistem ini 0 0 8.9 46.7 44.4 2 Sistem ini menjadi lebih menarik 0 0 8.9 48.9 42.2 3 Saya lebih tertantang dalam meng- upload resep 0 0 13.3 31.1 55.6 4 Saya selalu ingin memainkan untuk mendapatkan poin 0 0 2.2 33.3 64.4 5 Saya selalu ingin memainkan untuk menaikkan level 0 0 11.1 37.8 51.1 6 Saya selalu ingin memainkan 0 0 2.2 33.3 64.4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "89", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 204, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Indikator Penilaian (%) 1 2 3 4 5 untuk mendapatkan/m enaikkan badge 7 Saya mendapat manfaat material pada sistem ini 0 2.2 8.9 24.4 64.4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 199, "width": 207, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil kuesioner mengenai pengaruh gamifikasi dalam sistem menunjukkan hasil paling tinggi 97.7% di poin 4 yakni user dibuat semakin ingin memainkan agar poinnya terus bertambah. Hasil yang paling rendah pada 86.7% di poin ketga yakni pendapat mengenai user lebih tertantang dalam mengupload resep.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 207, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara keseluruhan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gamifikasi membuat pengaruh cukup signifikan terhadap penggunaan aplikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 207, "height": 218, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses perancangan, implementasi dan pengujian sistem kesimpulan yang dapat penulis tarik yaitu, sistem berbasis web dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil pengujian aplikasi dan database memiliki tingkat keberhasilan 100% dan sistem berbasis web ini memiliki fungsi gamifikasi yang berjalan dengan baik dengan hasil pengujian kuesioner dengan total", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 207, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "responden 45 orang yang menyatakan bahwa semua fungsi gamifikasi berjalan dengan baik 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 335, "top": 88, "width": 179, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi ini tentu saja memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 108, "width": 207, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "banyak kekurangan yang harus dikembangkan agar meningkatkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 150, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kualitas dan kesempurnaan aplikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 171, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun pengembangan-pengembangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 191, "width": 207, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang di maksud adalah Pembaruan UI agar aplikasi lebih menarik dan interaktif, baiknya terdapat Exp Bar untuk mengetahui jumlah poin yang dibutuhkan untuk naik ke level selanjutnya, dan Keterlibatan user yag satu dengan yang lain dalam gamifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 363, "width": 208, "height": 364, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Damayanti, & Bulan, W. R. (2018). PKM Pemanfaatan Media Sosial Instagram Kelompok UKM Kuliner Depok. Prosiding Seminar Hasil Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 1(1), 1–15. Erdiana, S. P. (2018). Generasi Millenial dan Resep Kuliner Tradisional sebagai Budaya Bangsa Indonesia. DeKaVe, 11(2), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.24821/.v11i2.2657 Erpurini, W., Ramadhan, I. K., & Indahsari, S. (2023). Strategi Promosi Digital dalam Menarik Minat Beli Konsumen PT Sinverho Energi Indonesia. SOSMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora, 2(1), 95-107. Fuadi, D. S., Akhyadi, A. S., & Saripah, I. (2021). Systematic Review: Strategi Pemberdayaan Pelaku UMKM Menuju Ekonomi Digital Melalui Aksi Sosial. Diklus: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21831/diklus.v5i1.37 122 Hadinata, H. (2020). Penerapan Gamifikasi Pada E-Commerce Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Penjualan Pada Reseller Dan Dropshiper (Studi Kasus Nabillah Store). In Tesis Universitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 335, "top": 729, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komputer Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 499, "top": 39, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "90", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 782, "width": 330, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Ilmiah Ecosystem Volume 23 Nomor 1, Hal.82-90, Januari - April 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Leofitri, J. (2021). Sosial Media, Bisnis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 207, "height": 263, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kuliner dan Pandemi Covid-19. Perspektif, 10(2), 505–514. https://doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v10i 2.4743 Lestari, H., & Nurhajati, L. (2019). Strategi Public Relations Untuk Menciptakan Minat Pengunjung Ke Galeri Indonesia Kaya. Jurnal Lontar, 7(1), 9–15. Muhtadibillah, A. (2019). Perancangan Sistem Informasi Helpdesk dengan Konsep Gamification Berbasis Web. Skripsi Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, 1–112. http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/han dle/123456789/48502 Muludi, K., Kurniawan, D., & Rani, L. A. (2016). Penerapan Metode Case Based Reasoning Pada Pengembangan Aplikasi Recipe Recommendation Berbasis Android. Jurnal Komputasi, 4(2).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 366, "width": 207, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurkasanah, R. P., & Hakim, A. (2022). Aplikasi Kumpulan Praktis Resep Masakan Berbasis Android. Jurnal SIKOMTEK, 12(2), 55-65. Pertiwi, A., Jusnita, R. A. E., & Maela, N. F. S. (2019). Ramadan dan Promosional:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 207, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. Jurnal Komunikasi Profesional, 3(1). Ramadhani, L. (2020). FWM-Assisted Raman Laser for Second-Order Raman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 505, "width": 207, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pumping. In Skripsi Jurusan Teknik Elektro Politeknik Negeri Ujung Pandang. Saputra, D. I. S., & Handani, S. W. (2016). Implementasi Gamifikasi Pada Sistem", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 568, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi Pelanggan Dan Pemesanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 581, "width": 179, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iklan Berbasis Online Pada Surat Kabar. Seminar Nasional APTIKOM, 535–540.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 619, "width": 207, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Susilo, C. L. (2022). 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0b0ac67a-84b6-3fe2-3731-97be839eb648

https://ejournal.lppm-unbaja.ac.id/index.php/jsii/article/download/37/14

[ { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 88, "width": 377, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENERAPAN ALGORITMA ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION (ACO)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 160, "top": 121, "width": 341, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PADA JOB SHOP SCHEDULING PROBLEM (JSSP) DI PT. SIEMENS INDONESIA (CILEGON FACTORY)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 162, "width": 121, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Widyawati Universitas Banten Jaya Serang, Banten [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 301, "top": 246, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 275, "width": 416, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fabrication process is often disrupted by non–deterministic job, this create a problem in the Pre-Fabrication department schedule because often the manufacture of raw material for non- deterministic job should given priority. This problem also affected by the existing system which is not yet fully developed to solve the problem of optimize rescheduling master line (seen from total makespan time). Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) variant Ant System (AS) was proposed to solve Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) with the objective to propose the best schedule that give shortest makespan. The algorithm tested to perform scheduling of 5 projects (consist of 10 parts) as the initial job, and another 2 projects (consist of 4 parts) as the non-deterministic job. For the initial job, makespan was 287 days and after the arrival of non-deterministic job, makespan was 362 days compare with the actual manufacturing time (7 project consist of 14 parts) which is ± 511 days.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 427, "width": 416, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP), Makespan Time, Non – Deterministic, Scheduling, Re – Scheduling", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 472, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 492, "width": 417, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PT. Siemens Indonesia Cilegon Factory (PTSI-CF) merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dibidang fabrikasi komponen turbin dan produk industri logam presisi tinggi. Perusahaan tersebut berjalan berdasarkan konsep job by order (produk yang diproduksi atas surat pesanan pelanggan). Kendala yang seringkali dihadapi adalah adanya pekerjaan yang tidak bisa diramalkan ( non-deterministic ) sehingga membuat jadwal produksi yang telah direncanakan perlu dilakukan perubahan. Dan non deterministic menyebabkan waktu penyelesaian ( makespan time ) lebih panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 417, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ada tiga pendekatan untuk penjadwalan ulang, yaitu: dengan menjadwalkan kembali dari awal, melakukan perubahan terhadap jadwal saat perubahan terjadi, atau menunda beberapa operasi yang telah dikerjakan pada jadwal lama dan melakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 417, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penjadwalan ulang terhadap sisa operasi yang belum dikerjakan. Penelitzian ini bertujuan untuk mencari penjadwalan dengan makespan time yang paling minimum menggunakan algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) berjenis Ant System (AS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 171, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 416, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap seperti studi literatur, pengumpulan data, pengolahan data, dan analisis hasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 253, "width": 387, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Diagram Alir , berikut ini merupakan tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 688, "width": 182, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1 Diagram Alir Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber data yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari sumber yang sudah ada yaitu berupa dokumen perusahaan. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, yaitu berupa data jumlah project pada tahun 2015, rute project , dan waktu proses setiap project .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 192, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengolahan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 212, "width": 417, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun teknik pengolahan data yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menerapkan algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) berjenis Ant System (AS). Berikut ini merupakan tahapan secara umum dalam melakukan proses pengolahan data:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 465, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2 Tahapan Pengolahan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 496, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode Ant Colony Optimization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 516, "width": 416, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Algoritma semut atau Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) merupakan algoritma pencarian berdasarkan probabilistik, di mana probabilistik yang digunakan merupakan probabilistik dengan bobot sehingga butir pencarian dengan bobot yang lebih besar akan berakibat memiliki kemungkinan terpilih lebih besar pula (Anamisa & Djunaidy, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 620, "width": 417, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Model yang digunakan untuk menotasikan masalah penjadwalan jobshop pada n-job dan m-mesin adalah (Zukhri & Alhakim, 2004):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 672, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑛 𝑚 ⁄ 𝐺 ⁄ 𝐶 ⁄ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 417, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yang mana n mendefinisikan banyaknya job yang akan diproses, m menunjukkan banyaknya mesin yang dimiliki, C max merupakan minimum makespantime dari suatu produksi dan G berisikan aturan urutan proses mesin untuk setiap job dan waktu prosesnya. Proses mesin dimodelkan dalam bentuk matrik T , semisal untuk T dengan n=2 dan m=3 adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 201, "width": 103, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑇 = [ 𝑀1 𝑀2 𝑀3 𝑀4 𝑀5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 199, "top": 207, "width": 133, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑀6 ] (2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 244, "width": 416, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk merepresentasikan waktu proses setiap operasi dimodelkan dengan matrik P:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 296, "width": 219, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑃 = [ 𝑡(𝑂 11 ) ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 1𝑚 ) 𝑡(𝑂 21 ) ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 2𝑚 ) ⋯ ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 𝑛1 ) ⋯ 𝑡(𝑂 𝑛𝑚 )] (3)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 113, "top": 384, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk merepresentasikan permasalahan jobshop pada algoritma semut digunakan graph sebagai model yang akan mempermudah dalam pencarian minimum waktu penyelesaian. Model graph dari 2/3/G/Cmax job shop dapat digambarkan pada gambar 3 dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 584, "width": 291, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3 Representasi 2/3/G/Cmax job shop pada graph", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 625, "width": 416, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setiap node dalam graph merupakan representasi dari job operasi pada matrik T, jumlah node dirumuskan dengan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 678, "width": 254, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝑁𝑜𝑑𝑒𝑠 = (𝑛 ∗ 𝑚) + 1 (4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 305, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan untuk banyaknya garis dinotasikan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 120, "width": 254, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝐺𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠 = |𝑂| ∗ (|𝑂| − 1)2 + 𝑁 (5) |𝑂| = 𝑛 ∗ 𝑚", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 154, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(6)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 185, "width": 417, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam graph diatas setiap node memiliki batasan node yang dapat dikunjungi karena terdapat beberapa garis satu arah maka suatu node tidak memiliki hak untuk melalui jalur yang berlawanan arah dengan tanda arah panah tersebut. Dengan demikian setiap operasi penentuan mesin harus terlebih dahulu memeriksa batasan mesin yang boleh dilalui.Selain itu pemilihan node tujuan yang layak dilalui difilter dengan batasan operasi yang harus terurut.Misalkan jika job 1 operasi ke-2 hanya boleh dipilih sebagai node tujuan jika job 1 operasi ke-1 telah dipilih atau dilalui oleh semut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 350, "width": 293, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berikut ini merupakan flowchart penerapan algoritma ACO:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 679, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 4 Tahapan Pengolahan Data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 417, "height": 218, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penerapan algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) untuk penyelesaian Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) di PT. Siemens Indonesia menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak Matlab. Data yang digunakan merupakan hasil pengolahan terhadap data scheduling produk PT. Siemens Indonesia. Data ini menjelaskan men gen ai Schedule bahan baku suatu project / job mulai masuk dan diproses di suatu mesin hingga selesai pada mesin tertentu di departemen Pre- Fabrication (PF) . Schedule tersebut diolah dari yang awalnya berbentuk monitoring board dirubah kedalam bentuk matriks sehingga mudah dalam proses penerapan re- schedule menggunakan algoritma ACO dengan bantuan Matlab. Dari hasil pengolahan data didapatkan total waktu penyelesaian ( makespan time ) yang paling minimum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 336, "width": 66, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Seleksi Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 416, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahap awal dari perancangan penelitian ini adalah tahap seleksi data, yaitu pemilihan atribut yang nantinya dilakukan proses transformasi data dari data mentah kedalam bentuk tabel matriks untuk diolah ke tahap selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 611, "width": 223, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 5 Data Mentah Schedule Planning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 643, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Transformasi Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 664, "width": 416, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Transformasi data merupakan tahapan yang akan dilakukan setelah persiapan dan seleksi data. Pada tahap ini data mentah akan disesuaikan kedalam format yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 416, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "diterima oleh perangkat lunak yang akan membantu melakukan pemrosesan data (Matlab). Ada dua tahapan yang akan dilakukan didalam tahapan ini, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 129, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Transformasi Format Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 150, "width": 381, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada tahap ini data mentah schedule planning tersebut dirubah pada bagian waktu proses dari setiap komponen pada masing-masing mesin kedalam bentuk satuan hari. Gambar 3.2 ini merupakan gambaran hasil transformasi tersebut secara umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 462, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 6 Hasil Transformasi Format Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 127, "top": 503, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Transformasi Data kedalam Matriks", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 149, "top": 534, "width": 381, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahapan transformasi data kedalam bentuk matriks adalah merubah data satuan hari diatas kedalam bentuk matriks dan simbol dengan tujuan mempermudah dalam proses pengolahan data dan mempermudah ketika melakukan proses pengimputan data menggunakan perangkat lunak matlab tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Split Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 108, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahapan split data merupakan tahapan dimana data yang berasal dari transformasi matriks tersebut dikelompokan berdasarkan kelompok data yang akan diproses sesuai Schedule planning dan data yang memiliki sifat non-deterministik (tidak dapat diramalkan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 191, "width": 417, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sifat non-deterministik didalam set data ini diambil dari status purchase order (PO) project yang pada awalanya sudah ditetapkan terlebih dahulu Schedule planningny a oleh planner. Namun hingga waktu akan diproses status dari penetapan ( approval ) dari PO tersebut tidak berubah, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan tindakan pengambilan keputusan mengutamakan project yang sudah memiliki status PO ( PO Release ) meskipun project yang memiliki status PO not-release merupakan project yang lebih dahulu direncanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 346, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengolahan Data Training", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 222, "top": 622, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 7 Data Training Project LPIC", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 228, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1 Parameter yang Ditetapkan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 286, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Pemrosesan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 304, "width": 417, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun kombinasi yang akan dilakukan penelitian {α, β, ρ, dan Q} adalah tertera pada tabel 2 dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 381, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2 Kombinasi Parameter", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 238, "top": 288, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 8 Total Makespan Time", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 133, "top": 561, "width": 378, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 9 Diagram Hubungan Waktu Dengan Job Sebelum dan Sesudah Penambahan Job", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 203, "top": 281, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 10 Output Waktu Rata – Rata Proses", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 139, "top": 322, "width": 362, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3 Perbandingan Hasil Makespan Time dari Berbagai Paramater", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 208, "top": 295, "width": 227, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 11 Grafik Waktu Proses Rata-rata", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 336, "width": 399, "height": 219, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil menunjukan bahwa makespan time terkecil sebelum job baru datang adalah 207 hari satuan waktu, sedangkan makespan time terkecil setelah job baru datang adalah 295 hari satuan waktu untuk data dengan menggunakan nilai ketetapan { 𝛼 , β, ρ, dan Q} = {1, 2, 0.5, 100}. Dengan ini menjelaskan bahwa untuk menyelesaikan 4 job (8 komponen) dengan jumlah mesin sebanyak 5 mesin maka makespan time terkecil yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 207 hari. Namun apabila kedatangan job yang sifatnya non-deterministic maka akan melakukan proses re-schedull penjadwalan yang sudah diramalkan, oleh karena itu akan muncul perubahan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menyelesaikan semua job termasuk jobnon-deterministic tersebut sebesar 295 hari (2 job non – deterministic ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 44, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengolahan Data Testing", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 222, "top": 407, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 12 Data Testing Project LPIC", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 448, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4 Parameter Testing yang Ditetapkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 262, "width": 230, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 13 Output Pengolahan Data Testing", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 128, "top": 501, "width": 387, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 14 Diagram Hubungan Waktu Dengan Job Sebelum Dan Sesudah Penambahan Job", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 203, "top": 300, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 15 Output Waktu Rata – Rata Proses", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 333, "width": 417, "height": 197, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil menunjukan bahwa makespan time terkecil untuk pengolahan data testing sebelum job baru datang adalah 287 hari satuan waktu, sedangkan makespan time terkecil setelah job baru datang adalah 362 hari satuan waktu untuk data dengan menggunakan nilai ketetapan { 𝛼 , β, ρ, dan Q} = {2, 2, 0,99, 100}. Dengan ini menjelaskan bahwa untuk menyelesaikan 5 job (10 Komponen) dengan jumlah mesin sebanyak 5 mesin maka makespan time terkecil yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 287 hari. Namun apabila kedatangan job yang sifatnya non-deterministic (2 job) maka akan melakukan proses re-schedull penjadwalan yang sudah diramalkan, oleh karena itu akan muncul perubahan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menyelesaikan semua job termasuk jobnon-deterministic tersebut sebesar 362 hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 553, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 573, "width": 417, "height": 115, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun kesimpulan yang didapatkan berdasarkan pengolahan data testing untuk penerapan Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) berjenis Ant System (AS) pada Job Shop Scheduling Problem (JSSP) di PT. Siemens Indonesia dengan menggunakan parameter terbaik{ 𝛼 , β, ρ, dan Q} = {2, 2, 0,99, 100} adanya perbedaan antara waktu penyelesaian proses produksi actual yang ditetapkan oleh planner dengan waktu proses produksi yang menggunakan algoritma ACO. Waktu proses actual yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 417, "height": 176, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dibutuhkan adalah 1 bulan atau +/- 37 hari untuk penyelesaian 1 komponenoleh karena itu jika mengerjakan 5 project (10 komponen) dibutuhkan waktu selama +/- 370 hari, sedangkan didalam data testing dengan jumlah 5 project (10 komponen) waktu yang dibutuhkan adalah selama 287 hari. Ketika kedatangan job yang bersifat non – deterministic sebanyak 2 project/job (4 komponen) dibutuhkan waktu selama 362 hari sedangkan secara actual dibutuhkan waktu untuk pengerjaan 7 project/job (14 komponen) adalah selama +/- 517 hari. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa dengan menerapkan Algoritma ACO didalam JSSP dapat menghemat waktu selama +/- 155 hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 295, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 308, "width": 417, "height": 23, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Al Salami, N. M. (2009). Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm. UbiCC Journal, Volume 4, Number 3 , 823-826.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 334, "width": 417, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Anamisa, D. R., & Djunaidy, A. (2014). Penyelesaian Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah Menggunakan Hibridisasi Algoritma Genetika dan Algoritma Koloni Semut. JUTI, Volume 12, Nomor 1 , 15-20.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 372, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aprilius, W., Augustino, L., & M. H., O. Y. (2013). Implementasi Algoritma MAX-MIN Ant System pada Penjadwalan Mata Kuliah. ULTIMATICS, Vol. V, No. 2, ISSN 2085- 4552 , 48-53. Ariesta, Y. (2012). Penerapan Ant Colony System Pada Vehicle Routing Problem Untuk Menentukan Rute Distribusi Terpendek. Jakarta: Jurusan Teknik Industri, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, Universitas Trisakti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 448, "width": 417, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Astuti, M. (2013). Studi Penjadwalan Job Shop untuk Meminimalkan Waktu Keseluruhan Menggunakan Pendekatan Algoritma Artificial Immune System. Yogyakarta: Volume V, Nomor 1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 486, "width": 417, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Çalis, B., & Bulkan, S. (2013). A research survey: review of AI solution strategies of job shop scheduling problem. Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing (DOI 10.1007/s10845- 013-0837-8) . Dorigo, M. (1996). The Ant System: Optimization by a Colony Of Cooperating Agents. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics–Part B, Vol.26, No.1, 1996, pp.1-13 , 1-26.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 561, "width": 417, "height": 23, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dorigo, M., Di Caro, G., & Gambardella, L. (1999). Ant Algorithms for Discrete Optimization.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 587, "width": 417, "height": 35, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Flórez, E., Gómez, W., & Bautista, M. (2013). An Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm For Job Shop Scheduling Problem. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Applications (IJAIA), Vol. 4, No. 4 , 53-66.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 625, "width": 339, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jones, A., & Rabelo, L. (1998). Survey of Job Shop Scheduling Techniques.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 637, "width": 417, "height": 36, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Laksono, A. (2009). Algoritma Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) Untuk Menyelesaikan Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). Semarang: Program Studi Matematika Jurusan Matematika, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Diponegoro.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 30, "width": 252, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Informatika (SIMIKA) Vol.1 No.1 tahun 2018", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 740, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal 51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 140, "top": 88, "width": 390, "height": 35, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Omkumar, M., & Shahabudeen, P. (n.d.). Ant Colony Optimization for Multilevel Assembly Job Shop Scheduling. The International Journal of Applied Management and Technology, Vol 6, Num 1 (IJAMT) , 127-152.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 125, "width": 389, "height": 36, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rajendran, C., & Ziegler, H. (2004). Ant-colony algorithms for permutation flowshop scheduling to minimize makespan/total flowtime of jobs. European Journal of Operational Research 155 (2004), Elsevier , 426-438.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 140, "top": 163, "width": 390, "height": 36, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ventresca, M., & Ombuki, B. (2004). Ant Colony Optimization for Job Shop Scheduling Problem. St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada L2S 3A1: Brock University, Department of Computer Science.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 140, "top": 201, "width": 390, "height": 61, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Zhang, S., Wong, T., Zhang, L., & Wan, S. (n.d.). A two-stage approach based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm for Integrated Process Planning and Scheduling. Proceedings of the 41st International Conference on Computers & Industrial Engineering (pp. 804-809). Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 140, "top": 265, "width": 389, "height": 22, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Zukhri, Z., & Alhakim, S. (2004). Algoritma Semut Pada Penjadwalan Produksi Job Shop. Media Informatika, Vol. 2, No. 2, ISSN: 0854-4743 , 75-81.", "type": "Text" } ]

9f658b3e-8e06-510b-977b-d56e41ee4065

https://jurnal.sttmcileungsi.ac.id/index.php/infotech/article/download/360/297

[ { "left": 162, "top": 757, "width": 339, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Infotech: Jurnal Informatika & Teknologi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 159, "top": 85, "width": 232, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 2, Desember 2022, hlm 92-103 INFOTECH: Jurnal Informatika Teknologi p ISSN 2722-9378 | e ISSN 2722-9386", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 144, "width": 389, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 177, "width": 187, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 199, "width": 375, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Design and build a web-based school learning system using the codeigniter 4.0 framework (case study of SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 254, "width": 233, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 276, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Program Studi Teknik Informatika, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Muhammadiyah Cileungsi-Indonesia * Jln. Anggrek No.25 Komplek Perum PTSC, Cileungsi, Bogor, Jawa Barat-Indonesia 16820", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 87, "top": 305, "width": 175, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Informasi Artikel Abstrak Article History: Submission: 12-11-2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 87, "top": 343, "width": 93, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revised: 12-12-2022 Accepted: 13-12-2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 372, "width": 113, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pembelajaran; Sekolah; web; codeigniter; framework.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 413, "width": 109, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Learning, School, website, codeigniter, framework .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 456, "width": 79, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Korespondensi:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 87, "top": 469, "width": 127, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iskandar [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 317, "width": 298, "height": 223, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media pembelajaran merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting pada lembaga pendidikan. Hal ini dirasakan pada saat terjadi pandemi COVID-19 dimana sistem pembelajaran mengalami perubahan bentuk operasional dengan kebijakan instruksi pembelajaran secara daring. Pada pembelajaran daring ini ditemukan beberapa masalah seperti kesulitan-kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh guru dan siswa diantaranya belum adanya media platform standar yang dipakai untuk pembelajaran, seperti bagaimana penyampaian materi, tugas, mengontrol kehadiran siswa dan penilaian. Sehingga sistem pembelajaran daring tersebut menjadi kurang efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengatasi permasalahan diatas dengan membuat sistem pembelajaran secara daring berbasis web, menggunakan framework CodeIgniter 4 dengan sistem database MySQL. Setelah dilakukan perancangan dan implementasi sistem pembelajaran daring yang ada di sekolah pembangunan sistem pembelajaran dapat menjadi solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi. Sehingga p embelajaran berbasis web memiliki kelebihan dimana kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh guru dan siswa dapat berjalan lebih efektif .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 541, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 561, "width": 298, "height": 188, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Learning resources are essential in institutes of higher learning. During the COVID-19 epidemic, the educational system underwent a change in operational structure, and a daring learning instruction policy was put into place. There were found to be a number of problems with adventurous learning, including difficulties for both teachers and students in integrating knowledge, assignments, managing student attendance, and evaluating students, as well as a lack of a shared platform for learning. reducing the fearless learning system's efficiency as a result. In order to address the aforementioned problems, the study's objective is to quickly create a web-based learning system using the CodeIgniter 4 framework and the MySQL database system. Following the development and deployment of a dare learning system in schools, a learning system was created. can give SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi a way to deal with problems. Web-based learning offers benefits that help learning activities conducted by teachers and students go more smoothly.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 | e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 93", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 102, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Media pembelajaran merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting pada lembaga pendidikan. Hal ini dirasakan pada saat terjadi pandemi COVID-19 dimana sistem pembelajaran mengalami perubahan bentuk operasional dengan kebijakan instruksi pembelajaran secara daring . Teknologi informasi memiliki kontribusi terhadap perubahan sistem metode pembelajaran di sekolah. Salah satu contoh dari kemajuan teknologi tersebut adalah sistem pembelajaran berbasis web [1] . Saat ini, sistem pembelajaran berbasis web sudah digunakan untuk umum baik dari level SD, SMP, SMA, hingga perguruan tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 204, "width": 456, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem pembelajaran pada SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi pada dasarnya menggunakan metode konvensional setiap harinya. Yaitu kegiatan pembelajaran di dalam kelas secara tatap muka pada waktu dan tempat yang sama. Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berjalan dapat dikatakan sudah berjalan dengan baik. Para pendidik dan siswa dapat melaksanakan pembelajaran secara tatap muka ini, Terjadinya permasalahan yang ada di dalam kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara konvensional tersebut. Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang berjalan secara garis besar masih dilakukan secara manual dan belum terkomputerisasi. Struktur yang ada dalam kegiatan pembelajaran memiliki alur yang kurang efektif khususnya dalam hal informasi. Tentunya permasalahan ini perlu diperhatikan mengingat beberapa tahun sebelumnya pelaksanaan pembelajaran mengalami perubahan bentuk operasional dengan kebijakan instruksi pembelajaran daring. dimana kegiatan belajar mengajar tidak dapat dilakukan secara tatap muka. Dalam hal ini sekolah dituntut untuk siap melaksanakan pembelajaran secara tatap muka ataupun online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 397, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan pada praktik pengisian data kehadiran dan penilaian siswa masih menggunakan kertas dan Microsoft Excel yang diisi oleh masing-masing guru mata pelajaran. Data hasil pembelajaran ini nantinya baru akan diterima oleh siswa ketika pembagian rapor. Hal ini menyebabkan siswa maupun wali siswa tidak mendapatkan informasi mengenai data hasil pembelajaran yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 471, "width": 456, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai referensi penulis dalam melakukan penelitian terkait perancangan sistem pembelajaran berbasis web dan untuk menampilkan ciri atau gap dengan penelitian sebelumnya, adapun penelitian terkait seperti penelitian pada pengembangan media pembelajaran bahasa inggris berbasis web dengan menggunakan PHP dan MySql dari hasil perancangan sistem dengan kualitas baik [2] , rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran daring berbasis web pada lembaga Tadica menghasilkan aplikasi sistem yang meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan dan memberikan kemudahan pada lembaga [3] , pengembangan sistem pembelajaran baru yang menghasilkan aplikasi untuk menyesuaikan metode pembelajaran siswa yang bisa dilakukan tanpa terikat tempat, waktu dan keadaan [4] . Dari penelitian sebelumnya gap penelitian terkait yaitu terkait dengan lebih banyak cakupan bahasan pada item pengelolaan sistem seperti media untuk penyampaian materi, tugas, nilai dan kehadiran siswa yang menurut penilaian peneliti belum terlihat terintegrasi pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 456, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari permasalahan tersebut, ditemukan bahwa masalah pokok sistem pembelajaran di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi disebabkan belum adanya sebuah sistem yang dapat mempermudah pembelajaran di sekolah. Oleh karena itu, pembangunan suatu sistem pembelajaran berbasis web dengan menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 merupakan solusi yang tepat dalam mengatasi permasalahan pada sistem pembelajaran selama ini. Sistem pembelajaran berbasis web dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran baik dilakukan secara tatap muka maupun online [5] .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 744, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 111, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "94 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian berisi tahap-tahap yang digunakan agar penelitian dapat terstruktur dengan baik. Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk merancang sistem pembelajaran berbasis web menggunakan beberapa metode tercantum pada flowchart gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 156, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 268, "top": 179, "width": 58, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi literatur dan pengumpulan data", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 266, "top": 207, "width": 63, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis sistem yang berjalan Analisis kebutuhan sistem Perancangan sistem", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 275, "top": 290, "width": 43, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi sistem", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 373, "top": 242, "width": 21, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 182, "top": 266, "width": 244, "height": 133, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Layout Database Pengkodean Pengujian Perbaikan? Kesimpulan Selesai Tidak Ya", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 252, "top": 406, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Metode penelitian", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 427, "width": 135, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1 Metode yang digunakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 455, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan perangkat lunak menggunakan metode waterfall [6] , [7]. Model waterfall menggunakan pendekatan secara sistematis dengan tahapan- tahapan perencanaan, pemodelan, konstruksi dan implementasi perangkat lunak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 75, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.1 Analisis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 501, "width": 453, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tahap yang pertama akan dilakukan analisis serta identifikasi terhadap masalah- masalah terkait perancangan sistem.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.2 Desain", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 546, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses desain ini merupakan memodelkan perancangan sistem yang akan dibangun untuk dikembangkan pada tahap-tahap lebih lanjut. Pada tahap ini dilakukan desain berupa perancangan UML ( Unified Modeling Language ) serta rancangan database pada sistem pembelajaran di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 607, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.3 Implementasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 622, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap selanjutnya merupakan Implementasi perangkat lunak menggunakan bahasa PHP menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 dengan database MySQL [8] . Kemudian dilakukan evaluasi untuk mengurangi kesalahan dengan menjalankan kode yang dibuat, apakah sudah sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang ditentukan dan tidak terjadi kesalahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 681, "width": 85, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1.4 Pengujian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 696, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap yang terakhir adalah pengujian dengan melakukan uji sample menggunakan black box kepada beberapa responden di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 157, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2 Aplikasi pembelajaran online", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 740, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aplikasi sistem pembelajaran di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi adalah belum adanya sebuah sistem yang dapat mempermudah pembelajaran di sekolah. Oleh karena itu,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 | e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 95", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembangunan suatu sistem pembelajaran berbasis web adalah solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi sistem pembelajaran di sekolah baik secara tatap muka ataupun online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 142, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3 Framework codeigitier 4.0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 130, "width": 456, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan framework codeigniter pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan bahasa pemrograman codeigniter 4.0 bertujuan dalam memudahkan pengelolaan website. Adapuan framework codeigniter 4.0 [9] mempunyai keunggulan dalam mengelola sistem website dengan kompleksitas yang tinggi, sehingga dapat dengan mudah dalam pengembangan sebuah aplikasi baik oleh programmer ataupun developer [10] . 2.4 UML", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode UML yang digunakan pada pembuatan pemodelan sistem pembelajaran di sekolah berbasis web, penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa literatur dari penelitian sebelumnya sebagai referensi penulis adapun pemodelan UML seperti pada [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] , [15],[16], dimana metode tersebut merupakan bentuk dari pemodelan sistem perangkat lunak yang akan dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 299, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 258, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. Implementasi pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 328, "width": 456, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi sistem pembelajaran berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 mengikuti rancangan use case diagram , dimana use case diagram ini menggambarkan hubungan interaksi antara sistem dan user yang terdiri dari aktor admin, guru dan siswa, adapun use case diagram seperti gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 754, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Use Case Diagram", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "96 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Rancangan class diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Class diagram merupakan representasi dari bentuk konseptual kedalam bentuk struktur database, dalam hal pemetaan entitas dan relasi tabel terkait. Berikut perancangan class diagram pada sistem pembelajaran seperti pada gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 619, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Class diagram", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 140, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Implementasi antarmuka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 657, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.1 Halaman login", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 672, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman login merupakan antarmuka interaksi user dengan sistem untuk pertama kali ketika user akan mengakses sistem pembelajaran, adapun tampilan login terlihat pada gambar 4. User harus mengisi username dan password serta memilih level pengguna yang sesuai dengan perannya pada form login. Untuk masuk mengakses sistem harus mengisikan nama user dan kode akses serta level pengguna, jika akan muncul notifikasi login gagal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 | e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 97", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 370, "width": 151, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Tampilan login user", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 144, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.2 Tampilan menu utama", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 400, "width": 455, "height": 42, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada tampilan menu utama terdapat beberapa menu yang dilengkapi tombol yang akan mengarahkan pada fitur-fitur kelola data. Berikut adalah tampilan halaman utama pada masing- masing user, seperti pada gambar 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 751, "width": 239, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Penerimaan pemesanan ( status update )", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "98 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 171, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.4 Halaman master data admin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman master data meliputi halaman tahun pelajaran, user, guru, siswa, dan kelas. Pada menu admin ini dapat melakukan modifikasi pada data seperti create, edit, delete dan update data. Berikut adalah contoh dari halaman master data seperti pada gambar 7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 345, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 7. Halaman master data guru", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 369, "width": 161, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.5 Halaman akademik admin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 384, "width": 455, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman akademik meliputi halaman rombongan belajar, mata pelajaran, dan jadwal pembelajaran. Berikut tampilan dari halaman-halaman akademik admin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 598, "width": 238, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Halaman akademik rombongan belajar", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 619, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjelasan terkait gambar 8. yaitu terdiri tampilan rombongan kelas belajar, wali kelas, tahun angkatan dan jumlah siswa, dimana jumlah siswa datanya bisa dilakukan aksi seperti ( create, edit, delete dan update ) datanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 663, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman jadwal pembelajaran memuat data jadwal pembelajaran pada tiap kelas yang tersedia. Terdapat sebuah tabel yang memuat data kelas beserta tombol berwarna hijau di bagian sebelah kanan untuk melihat dan menambah data jadwal pembelajaran. Penjelasan terkait gambar 9. yaitu terdiri kelas, wali kelas dan jadwal dimana jadwal ini bisa dilakukan aksi seperti ( create, edit, delete dan update ) datanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 204, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 | e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 99", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 306, "width": 326, "height": 34, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 9. Halaman jadwal pembelajaran 3.3.6 Halaman setting admin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 342, "width": 456, "height": 72, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada halaman setting tahun pelajaran terdapat tabel yang berisi data tahun pelajaran, semester (ganjil dan genap), dan status (aktif dan tidak aktif). Di sisi kanan tabel terdapat tombol “Aktifkan” untuk mengaktifkan tahun pelajaran. Admin klik button “Aktifkan” pada data ta hun pelajaran yang dipilih maka status tahun pelajaran otomatis aktif dan status tahun pelajaran yang lain otomatis berubah menjadi tidak aktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 586, "width": 168, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 10. Halaman setting admin", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 605, "width": 139, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.7 Halaman absen siswa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 620, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman absen siswa memuat data absen siswa pada tiap kelas yang diajar oleh guru. Terdapat sebuah tabel yang memuat data kelas beserta tombol “Absensi” di bagian sebelah kanan untuk melihat dan input absen siswa perkelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 664, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru melakukan input absen siswa pada tombol dropdown yang menampilkan huruf A(Alfa), I(Izin), dan H(Hadir) pada data siswa yang dipilih. Setelah melakukan absensi harian siswa guru menyimpan data absensi dengan klik button simpan yang berada di sisi kanan bagian bawah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 36, "width": 246, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "100 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 311, "width": 157, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 11. Halaman absen siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 330, "width": 152, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3.8 Halaman akademik nilai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 344, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Halaman akademik nilai merupakan tabel informasi nilai siswa selama satu semester. Siswa dapat melihat nilai kehadiran, nilai tugas, nilai PTS, nilai PAS, nilai akhir, dan grade nilai akhir pada halaman ini. Halaman nilai siswa memuat data nilai siswa pada tiap kelas yang diajar oleh guru. Pada halaman ini dapat menginput nilai. Tabel nilai siswa memuat nilai tugas, ujian tengah semester dan akhir semester.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 272, "top": 627, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 12. Nilai siswa", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4. Pengujian sistem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 661, "width": 439, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode pengujian pada sistem pembelajaran sekolah di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Black Box yaitu pengujian secara fungsionalitasnya dari program yang ada dalam aplikasi seperti terlihat pada tabel 1, adapun bagian yang merupakan fokus pengujian sistem pada user sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 720, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. User sebagai Waka Kurikulum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. User sebagai Guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 117, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. User Sebagai Siswa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 210, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 | e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 101", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 85, "width": 195, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4.1 User sebagai pengelola akademik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 100, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengujian halaman kelola data akademik dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1. tanda ( ✓ ) merupakan tanda yang artinya halaman yang diuji berhasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 136, "width": 430, "height": 605, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil pengujian black box No Item Pengujian Skenario Uji Hasil Yang Diharapkan Hasil Pengujian 1 Menu akademik rombongan belajar Klik tombol menu akademik rombongan belajar Masuk ke halaman menu akademik rombongan belajar [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan lalu menambahkan data rombongan belajar Data rombongan belajar berhasil ditambahkan [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus pada rombongan belajar yang dipilih Data rombongan belajar berhasil dihapus [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah anggota rombel pada rombongan belajar yang dipilih Menampilkan halaman data rombongan belajar yang dipilih [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan pada halaman data rombongan belajar Menampilkan data siswa yang tersedia untuk ditambahkan ke rombongan belajar [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah untuk menambahkan siswa ke dalam rombongan belajar Data siswa berhasil ditambahkan ke dalam rombongan belajar [√] Ber hasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus dari rombongan belajar pada data siswa di halaman rombongan belajar Data siswa berhasil dihapus dari rombongan belajar [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal 2 Menu Akademik Mata Pelajaran Klik tombol menu akademik mata pelajaran Masuk ke halaman menu akademik mata pelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah mata pelajaran pada kelas yang dipilih Menampilkan halaman mata pelajaran yang dipilih [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan pada halaman data mata pelajaran Menampilkan form input tambah pelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Input mata pelajaran Mata pelajaran Berhasil ditambahkan [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 105, "top": 36, "width": 246, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "102 Fernando Perdana Putra, Iskandar * , Nurkholis", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 55, "width": 353, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rancang bangun sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis web menggunakan framework codeigniter 4.0 (studi kasus SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 101, "width": 430, "height": 428, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Item Pengujian Skenario Uji Hasil Yang Diharapkan Hasil Pengujian Input mata pelajaran dengan kode mata pelajaran Menampilkan pesan gagal menambahkan mata pelajaran kode mata pelajaran sudah ada [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus pada mata pelajaran Mata pelajaran berhasil di hapus [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal 3 Menu akademik jadwal pembelajaran Klik tombol menu akademik jadwal pembelajaran Masuk ke halaman menu akademik jadwal pembelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambah jadwal pada kelas yang dipilih Menampilkan halaman data jadwal pembelajaran pada kelas yang dipilih [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol tambahkan pada halaman data jadwal pembelajaran Menampilkan form input tambah jadwal pembelajaran [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Input data jadwal pembelajaran Data jadwal pembelajaran berhasil ditambahkan [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Input data jadwal pembelajaran tanpa mengisi guru pengajar Menampilkan pesan gagal menambahkan jadwal guru wajib diisi [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal Klik tombol hapus pada data jadwal pembelajaran Data jadwal pembelajaran berhasil dihapus [√] Berhasil [ ] Gagal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 537, "width": 77, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 456, "height": 102, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari perancangan, analisis, testing serta implementasi pada sistem pembelajaran berbasis web secara daring untuk siswa, guru dan bagian akademik dapat berjalan secara baik dan mudah digunakan sebagai sistem pembelajaran. Hasil pengujian disimpulkan bahwa sistem yang dibangun berjalan dengan baik dan secara sintak dan fungsional menghasilkan performance yang diharapkan. Sehingga Aplikasi sistem pembelajaran sekolah berbasis Web dapat dipergunakan untuk kondisi online maupun offline juga sehingga sangat bermanfaat untuk sistem pembelajaran di sekolah khususnya di SMP Muhammadiyah 1 Cileungsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 662, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] R. Firmansyah and I. Saidah, “PERANCANGAN WEB BASED LEARNING SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN,” INFORMATIKA , vol. 3, no. September, pp. 176 – 182, 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 707, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] A. Johar, E. Risdianto, and D. A. F. Indriyati, “Perancangan Dan Implementasi Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web pada Bidang Studi Bahasa Inggris di Kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Kota Bengkulu Dengan Menggunakan PHP dan MySql,” Rekursif , vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1 – 9, 2014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 751, "width": 456, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] W. Jannah, I. F. Astuti, and S. Maharani, “Rancang Bangun Sistem Informasi Bimbingan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 36, "width": 210, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p ISSN 2722-9378 | e ISSN 2722-9386 DOI 10.37373/infotech.v3i2.360 103", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 85, "width": 424, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Belajar Berbasis Web (Studi kasus lembaga Bimbingan Tadica),” Inform. Mulawarman , vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 47 – 53, 2015.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 115, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] P. H. Susilo and M. G. Rohman, “Sistem Pembela jaran Online Berbasis Aplikasi Web Menggunakan Framework Codeigniter,” JOUTICA , vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 281 – 286, 2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 144, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] F. I. P. Unnes, “PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM PEMBELAJARAN ONLINE BERBASIS,” pp. 27– 34, 2001.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 174, "width": 455, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] K. Septyanto, M. A. Hamid, and D. Aribowo, “Penge mbangan E-Learning Berbasis Website menggunakan Metode Waterfall,” Elinvo , vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 89 – 101, 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 204, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] J. Dermawan and S. Hartini, “IMPLEMENTASI MODEL WATERFALL PADA PENGEMBANGAN BERBASIS WEB PADA SEKOLAH DASAR AL-AZHAR SYIFA BUDI JATIBENING,” Paradigma , vol. 19, no. 2, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 248, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] G. Suganda, N. A. Y. Putri, R. Taufiq, and V. Asih, “RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI VIRTUAL CLASS SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER ( STUDI KASUS : UNIVERSITAS CIC CIREBON ),” DIGIT , vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 74 – 88, 2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 456, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] G. Mulyani and V. Yasin, “PERANCANGAN APLIKASI E -PERSURATAN BERBASIS WEB MENGGUNAKAN FRAMEWORK CODEIGNITER PADA DIREKTORAT LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN LAUT KEMENTERIAN PERHUBUNGAN,” JISAMAR , vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 546 – 557, 2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] Prabowo D, Website E-Commerce Menggunakan Model View Controller (MVC) Dengan Framework Codeigniter Studi Kasus: Toko Miniatur. , Data Manaj. 2015.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 382, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] E. F. Wati and A. A. Kusumo, “Penerapan Metode Unified Modeling Language ( UML ) Berbasis Desktop Pada Sistem Pengolahan Kas Kecil Studi Kasus Pada PT Indo Mada Yasa Tangerang,” vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 24– 36, 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 426, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] K. M, “Perancangan Sistem Informasi Pendaftaran Online Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode WaterFall,” vol. 3, pp. 302– 308.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 455, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] H. Gomaa, L. Kerschberg, and G. A. Farrukh, “Domain modeling of software process models,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Eng. Complex Comput. Syst. ICECCS , pp. 50 – 60, 2000.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] M Teguh Prihandoyo, “Unified Modeling Language (UML) Model Untuk Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Akademik Berbasis Web,” J. Inform. J. Pengemb. IT , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 126 – 129, 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 530, "width": 456, "height": 43, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] E. Nazaruka, “Meaning of cause -And-effect relations of the topological functioning model in the UML analysis model,” ENASE 2017 - Proc. 12th Int. Conf. Eval. Nov. Approaches to Softw. Eng. , no. Enase, pp. 336 – 345, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 575, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[16] B. Padmanabhan, “Unified Modeling Language (UML) Overview,” Princ. Softw. Eng. , pp. 1 – 20, 2012.", "type": "List item" } ]

41e073d8-b64b-463b-31f3-76ed2701a0a1

https://jurnal.itscience.org/index.php/ijeal/article/download/1671/1239

[ { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 | Number 2 | August 2022 | E-ISSN : 2787-9482 | DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "325", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 92, "top": 77, "width": 414, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF-DIRECTED DIALOGUE TO IMPROVE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 128, "width": 189, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melia Nova 1 , Syarifudin 2 , Soni Ariawan 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 142, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia 1,2,3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 168, "width": 154, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 194, "width": 109, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received : 08/08/2022 Accepted : 26/08/2022 Publication: 06/08/2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 256, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 174, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to find out the improvement of students' speaking ability through the implementation of the self-directed dialogue technique, and student activities when the Self-directed dialogue was applied to English subjects in the first grade of MA Darussalam, Beremi for the 2021/2022 academic year. In this study, the researchers used classroom action research as a research design by employing observation and tests as a technique to gain the data. Observations were made to determine the application of self-directed dialogue techniques during the teaching and learning process, while tests were used to measure student achievement in speaking ability. The subjects of this study were students of the first grade of MA Darussalam Bermi with 21 students in the class. Researchers used qualitative and quantitative data analysis in calculating and analyzing the data. The results of this study indicate that the self-directed dialogue technique can improve students' speaking ability. This can be seen from the results of a significant increase in each cycle. The score before implementing the technique was 48, the result of posttest 1 was 74.43 and posttest 2 was 84.43. This means that the students' speaking ability increases after applying self-directed dialogue technique in the first grade of MA Darussalam Bermi in the 2021/2022 academic year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 459, "width": 399, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords— Self-directed Dialogue, Students’ Speaking Ability, MA Darussalam Bermi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 504, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 519, "width": 457, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Traditionally, language is regarded to be a tool for interacting or communicating, in the sense of conveying thoughts, ideas, concepts, or even emotions (Rabiah, 2012). Moreover, Keraf (2012) stated that, in general, language serves a variety of tasks depending on a person's needs, including self- expression, communication, organizing and adapting to social integration in the environment or situations, and social control. English is taught as a foreign language in Indonesia based on a curriculum, which is always accompanied by a syllabus. The English language is taught as a required topic in elementary schools through university (Suparno, 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 456, "height": 161, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Speaking is the most crucial of these four language skills to learn because when students learn a foreign language, they are deemed successful if they can communicate well in their second or foreign language. Mareta et al., (2017) stated that speaking is the most common way for people to convey their opinions and ideas to other people regularly. It is a two-way process including both productive and receptive understanding skills between the speaker and the listener. In other words, through dialogue between them, the listener will attempt to comprehend the speaker's views in the first person. However, the English teachers will encounter some issues when delivering the content, which can cause some difficulties depending on the level being taught. These issues can arise as a result of the teachers or the students, for example, if they are lazy to learn and find it difficult to comprehend the materials. They can also arise as a result of the environment, such as the climate and the facilities. As a result, English teachers should choose the appropriate technique and create a fun learning environment for their students to ensure that they master the material. It is why the existence and the role of teacher is very crucial as their performance will shape the students’ mindset and perception", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 | Number 2 | August 2022 | E-ISSN : 2787-9482 | DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "326", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Ariawan, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 89, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Afisa (2015), there are some difficulties that students face when learning English including vocabulary, grammar, and pronouncing words. As a result, the students lack of vocabulary, and when forced to speak English, they resort to Indonesian. It's a shame considering they have been using Indonesian multiple times. They have no idea when they should use present, past, or future time. In pronunciation, they found it challenging to pronounce certain terms because the pronunciation and writing in English are not the same. As a result, they had not yet recognized it. In addition, based on observations with the English teacher in the first grade of MA Darusslam Beremi, he said that students found some difficulties when speaking in English such as they do not have a great desire to learn English for certain reasons. Another fact shows that the students' capability in mastering grammar, vocabulary, and also pronunciation is very low. Based on this fact, the researcher would like to improve their ability in speaking by conducting action research and using self-directed dialogue as a technique in teaching English.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 456, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Stevick in Suparno (2010), most so-called vocal language courses are based on dialogue in early lessons. Dialogue is an example of how language is used as a strategy for overlearning dialogue. Gilbert in Joiner (1974) states that self-directed dialogue is an activity that combines role-playing or simulation strategies with means for actual communication or contextual practice. Richards and Rodgers in Syarifudin (2020) found that dialogue is an example of interactive activities based on the communicative approach, which is a fluent and accepted language.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 317, "width": 457, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition, according to Mareta et al., (2017), there are several reasons why the use of dialogue can improve the students’ speaking ability. First, it gives students a tool for analyzing vocabulary and grammatical for discussion. As a result, it becomes easy for the students to create their sentences in a foreign language. As we also know, In curriculum 2013, teachers are supposed to make a learning activity for students centered. Second, in the self-directed dialogue, the students are instructed to play a role in which the situation of the conversation is built around the focal point. Joiner (1974) argues that self-directed dialogue, however, calls for students to work in pairs and places, the responsibility for communication chiefly on the learner and the conversation. Third, the self-directed dialogue technique is an activity that combines an express their opinions orally with a self-directed dialogue approach. Fourth, this method can be done in a group setting, but the main idea is that students accept responsibility for their learning. Self-directed dialogue is a method for students to develop their speaking ability. After reading some above references, the researcher can conclude that self-directed dialogue is a pretty good method to improve students' speaking ability. This is a reference for researchers to research the Implementation of self-directed Dialogue to Improve Students' Speaking Ability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 506, "width": 457, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to the experts above, it can be concluded that there are several methods of teaching speaking, one of which is dialogue, and it is claimed as a very effective technique in improving students' speaking ability. Self-directed dialogue can be defined as a technique that enables students to improve their speaking skills. It also derives students become more confident in learning the materials. As Joiner (1974) argues that self-directed dialogue, however, gets students to work in a group where the responsibility for communication is fairly distributed among the learners and the conversation is based on a buffer. Therefore, researchers apply Self-directed Dialogue to improve students' speaking ability because the researcher assumed that this was a good formation because small groups would allow students to use their sentences in making dialogues. Dialogue encourages students to practice and use the language according to language functions and situations. New words, grammatical structures, and pronunciations can be imitated by the students which can be used to express their thoughts orally. This also gives them tools in analyzing vocabulary and grammar for discussion. However, the dialogue should not be too long as what has been stated by Rivers that short dialogues are more useful than long dialogues. So self-directed dialogue is an appropriate technique in speaking class because the conversation takes place between pairs of students and helps students to reduce their fear and shame.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 | Number 2 | August 2022 | E-ISSN : 2787-9482 | DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "327", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 120, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Literature Review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 227, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are some relevant previous research that has successfully addressed students’ speaking difficulties by implementing self-directed dialogues in teaching English. A study by Sahib (2019) revealed that students are more interested in learning speaking by using dialogue especially when the learning is designed in form of dialogue games. Higher results of posttest compared to pretest indicated that the implementation of dialogue technique in teaching speaking was pivotal and effective to boost students’ speaking skill. Another significant finding of the previous research was also coined by Gunawan & Rahman (2022) where they found that students’ speaking results increased after the utilization of dialogue as a teaching technique in terms of students’ score, mean score and overall speaking improvement. Apart from students’ scores, another finding also indicated that dialogue could improve quality of teaching and learning activities in the classroom. It can be seen from several aspects such as the increasing percentage of students’ participation in teaching and learning activities, the confidence of students themselves, and students 'problem-solving skills as well as students' motivation and interest in learning (Suparno, 2010). It can be concluded that the dialogue technique can be considered as one of the most effective alternatives of teaching techniques that can be implemented with various dialogue techniques (Ab, 2022). A more specific result of classroom-based action research by employing dialogue has been shown by Julinda et al., (2014) . It can be seen that students’ improvement in speaking is getting higher both in cycle 1 and 2. There were 78.94% students who reached the mínimum standard.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 320, "width": 457, "height": 225, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Another relevant research entitled improving the self confidence in speaking practice by using self-directed dialogue technique by Mareta et al. (2017). This research was quantitative and qualitative (mixed method). Speaking tests and questionnaires were used to collect the data in this study. It was conducted at second grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalirejo Lampung Tengah. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the implementation of the self-directed dialogue method affected the improvement of the student's speaking performance and the relationship between self-confidence and the student's speaking performance. The subjects were 32 second-year students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalirejo Lampung Tengah. Speaking tests and questionnaires were used to collect data for this study. The results of this study showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in student speaking performance after the student was taught self-directed dialogue techniques. There was also a statistically significant association between student self-confidence and student speaking performance. This suggests that self-directed dialogue methods help improve student speaking. Self- directed dialogue skills can improve the speaking ability of students. Over 50% of students in class VIIA have proven to have a score of 60 or above. In Cycle 1, 12 students (39.99%) have a score of 60 or higher, and in Cycle 2, 28 students (93.33%) have a score of 60 or higher. This means that they have achieved the goal or KKM (Maximum Graduation Criteria). It was found that the implementation of the self-directed dialogue method has activated the activities of students as a self-directed dialogue method, and the interest of students in speaking has increased.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 548, "width": 456, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The previous research was similar to the present research in terms of research design that use classroom action research, but the previous research discussed self-directed dialogue and the relationship with self-confidence to improve speaking skills, while the present research discussed the Self-directed Dialogue to improve students’ speaking ability only. The difference between these two types of research is that the previous research applied it to second grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Kalirejo Lampung Tengah while the researcher would apply it to the first class of MA Darussalam Beremi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 636, "width": 457, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In addition, another study also reported self-directed technique was very effective to level up students’ confidence in speaking because they will think by themselves and at the same time learn from other students (Pratama, 2019). This technique is also claimed as the essential technique to master speaking easily, quickly and more enjoyably (Mahmud, 2017). It means that this impact eases the teachers to boost students’ motivation and confidence in speaking. In the interactional perspective of self-directed dialogue, it will provide such beneficial input toward a good conversation (Lindholm & Wide, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 751, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 | Number 2 | August 2022 | E-ISSN : 2787-9482 | DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "328", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the researcher applied classroom action research (CAR), the object of the research is to find out the improvement of speaking ability through the implementation of the Self-directed Dialogue method, and students’ activities using the Self-directed Dialogue technique at the first grade of MA Darussalam Beremi, in the academic year 2021/2022. This research was implemented at the first grade of MA Darussalam Beremi with a population of 21 female students. The reason the researcher chose this research location was because before conducting the research, the researcher had made observations beforehand and it was suitable to apply the research of the researcher on the implementation of self-directed dialogue to improve students' speaking ability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 177, "width": 456, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to Kemmis et al., (2014), action research usually consists of four major phases of the research cycle. The first cycle can be a continuous or repetitive spiral of cycles that repeats until the action researcher achieves satisfactory results and believes it is time to stop. The model or the procedures of CAR into four steps according to Kemmis and Mc Taggart including planning a change, acting, observing and reflecting the process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 354, "width": 160, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Classroom Action Research Design", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 292, "top": 519, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 233, "top": 532, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Classroom Action Research Design", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 143, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 624, "width": 457, "height": 141, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is a classroom action research, where the data is collected through observation and tests. In this study, the researcher used a self-directed dialogue technique to improve the speaking ability of the first grade students of MA Darusslam Beremi, which consisted of 21 students. The purpose of this study was to improve students’ speaking ability using self-directed dialogue. The theory taken about improving students' speaking ability using self-directed dialogue is the theory of (Joiner, 1974), and using the speaking assessment (Bailey et al., 2005). In this study, there are 2 cycles, namely cycle 1 and cycle 2. Each cycle has 4 parts that must be implemented, namely, planning, action, observation, and reflection. Observation is one of the techniques for collecting data. The findings of observation indicate that there was a significant difference between student and teacher observation results between pretest and posttest. The teacher’s observation result in the pretest indicated that they performed good enough, with 64.2%,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 | Number 2 | August 2022 | E-ISSN : 2787-9482 | DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "329", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 457, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "however, there are some aspects that have to be increased. The teacher’s performance was better in posttest as they perform good and excellent, with 87.5% that indicat ing successful implementation of technique used. The difference was also experienced by the students where their performance in posttest was better than in the pretest, from 53.5% to 78.5%. It obviously confirms that the technique works well in teaching speaking.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apart from observation result, the test result also reported the improvement that students experience in posttest as follow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 199, "width": 396, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Percentage of students’ score Pre-test Post-test 1 Post-test 2 Mean 48 74.43 84.95 Students past the test 0 0% 15 71.42% 20 95.23%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 456, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The finding of the present research is that it can improve students' speaking ability by using self-directed dialogue. It can be proven by the average result of the pretest score of 48, then there was an increase of 26.43 scores so as to produce a score of 74.43 in the post-test 1. The students who achieved the KKM were 71.42%, and those who didn’t pass the KKM were 28.58%. However, even though the score increase was significant, the researcher had to apply the method and posttest 2 because the scores obtained in post-test 1 had not yet reached the KKM target. After doing post-test 2 students got another increase of 10.52 so that the final score of post-test 2 was 84.95, where 95.23% of students scored excellent and pass the KKM, and 4.77% of students didn’t pass the KKM. Its mean that the self-directed dialogue technique is effective to improve students’ speaking ability.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 391, "width": 456, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the review and discussion above, Self-directed dialogue can be implemented effectively in speaking class. When conducting self-directed dialogue activities, the situation in the classroom is more lively. It’s also stated by Ratna Kurnia Dewi that the activities presented in the dialogue encourage students to speak more lively and boldly. It is proven by the increasing participation of students in the teaching and learning process. The students are more active in the teaching and learning process by asking and answering questions during the lesson. They also practice speaking English more often by asking and answering questions with their friends through activities. Student attention also increased. They take all the assignments and exercises given by the teacher more seriously.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 505, "width": 457, "height": 250, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research findings include the improvement of students' speaking ability and the application of self-directed dialogue in speaking classes in improving students' speaking ability. Students' speaking ability is improved through self-directed dialogue activities. The students are encouraged to speak and be more active during the teaching and learning process. In addition, students can speak with better grammar and pronounce words correctly with fewer pauses. They can explore their ideas and opinions by conducting dialogue activities such as role-play. The increase in the results of the action can also be seen from the following score comparison. Meanwhile, in the pre-test, the students got a score of 48, which is a score where 9% of the students were on average, and 91% of the students were in the low score or below average. After the pre-test was carried out, the researcher carried out the next stage, namely the implementation stage for speaking activities using self-directed dialogue for 4x45 minutes of meetings. After the implementation of the self-directed dialogue stage, the researcher conducted another test, namely post-test 1 to find out how much the students' speaking skills had improved using self-directed dialogue, and the results of posttest 1 were (74.43), 71.42% of students passed the KKM and 28.58% of students didn’t pass the KKM. From pre-test to post-test 1 students can increase their score from 48(pre-test) to 74.43(post-test 1) and it is a pretty good improvement. However, the score has not been able to exceed the KKM average value, which is 75, so the researcher continued to the second cycle with 4x45 minutes of meetings and got a score of 84.95. 95.23% of students with a score above average or excellent and 4.77% of students with an average score but didn’t pass the KKM. The score obtained from post-test 2 was quite good and exceeded the average score so that students do not need to take the test again.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 | Number 2 | August 2022 | E-ISSN : 2787-9482 | DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "330", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 92, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to find out the improvement of students’ speaking ability and students’ activities through the implementation of self-directed dialogue at the first grade MA Darussalam Beremi. In conducting this research, the researcher as a teacher works closely with the English teacher as an observer through several processes, such as: Identifying research problems, implementing research plans, and discussing research results. After analyzing the results of the action research, it can be seen that teaching speaking through self-directed dialogue can improve students' speaking skills. The mean value of the pre-test before the study was 4.8 and after the study increased to 84.95 at the end of the post-test. That is, through self-directed dialogue actually improves students' speaking ability, especially in using correct grammar, using more precise vocabulary, and pronouncing words better.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 219, "width": 5, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 245, "width": 69, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 271, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ab, R. (2022). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill Through Dialogue Technique. Journal of English Education and Social Science , 3 (1), 1–7.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 302, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Afisa, S. Y. P. (2015). 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Language as a tool for communication and cultural reality discloser 1 . 1–11.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 369, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IJEAL ( International Journal of English and Applied Linguistics ) Volume : 2 | Number 2 | August 2022 | E-ISSN : 2787-9482 | DOI: doi.org/ijeal.v2i2.1671", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 794, "width": 321, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This is a Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 508, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "331", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 76, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sahib, N. (2019). Using dialogue-games in Improving Speaking Ability of participants of advanced level of PIKIH Program. Celebes of Linguistics Journal , 1 (2), 19–30. Suparno, R. D. (2010). Improving Students’ Speaking Skill In Mastering Transactional and Interpersonal Dialogues Through Task BAsed-Material. ( A Classroom Action Research Conducted at the Second Grade of SMP N 14 Surakarta in Academic Year of 2009 / 2010 ) . Syarifudin, H. R. (2020). Journal of english language education and literature . 3 (2), 51–64.", "type": "Text" } ]

34d2aa5c-f568-5480-cd0b-49fb087c16b8

https://jurnalbhumi.stpn.ac.id/index.php/JB/article/download/367/290

[ { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 306, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "150 Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 88, "top": 223, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "IMPLEMENTASI REFORMA AGRARIA TERHADAP PEMENUHAN HARAPAN MASYARAKAT YANG BERSENGKETA LAHAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 84, "top": 261, "width": 407, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "IMPLEMENTATION OF AGRARIAN REFORM OF THE FULFILLMENT OF EXPECTATIONS OF COMMUNITY LAND", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 314, "width": 318, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini 1 , Maiza Hazrina Ash-Shafikh 2 , Nur Choirul Afif 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 329, "width": 310, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "1 Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 344, "width": 353, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "2 Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman Email: nur.choirul.af [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 400, "width": 468, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Abstract : Agrarian reform policy in Indonesia has become a very important issue. Indonesia has tried to carry out agrarian reform by making various changes in laws and government policies. This is a descriptive research aiming to describe the phenomena occurring in the f ield as well as a verif ication research aiming to examine the effect of the implementation of agrarian reform on the positive response of affected community in Punggelan Village, Punggelan Subdistrict, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java Province. The type of research is explanatory research that aims to explain the effect of the variable of agrarian reform strategy implementation on the response of the affected community. The data in this study was collected through distribution of 100 question- naires to the affected community and interviews with off icials from the National Land Agency off ice, the Chairperson of the farmers’ group, and the farmers working on disputed lands. The results showed that there was a positive and signif icant influence of agrarian reform on the response of the affected community. This means that agrarian reform was able to meet the needs and expectations of the affected community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 537, "width": 220, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Keywords : Agrarian Reform, Community Response", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 562, "width": 468, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Intisari : Kebijakan reforma agraria di Indonesia menjadi isu yang sangat penting. Indonesia sudah berusaha melakukan reforma agraria dengan melakukan berbagai perubahan perundang-undangan dan kebijakan pemerintah. Penelitian deskriptif ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan fenomena yang terjadi di lapangan dan verif ikatif bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh implementasi reforma agraria terhadap respons positif masyarakat terdampak di Desa Punggelan, Kecamatan Punggelan, Banjarnegara–Jawa Tengah. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksplanatori yang bertujuan menjelaskan pengaruh variabel implementasi strategi reforma agraria terhadap respons masyarakat terdampak. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui penyebaran 100 kuesioner terhadap masyarakat terdampak dan wawancara kepada pejabat kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional, ketua kelompok petani dan petani penggarap lahan sengketa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signif ikan reforma agraria terhadap respons masyarakat terdampak. Artinya reforma agraria mampu memenuhi kebutuhan dan mendapatkan respons positif dari masyarakat yang bersengketa lahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 700, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kata Kunci : Reforma Agraria, Respons Yang Bersengketa Lahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 69, "width": 352, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Received: October 4, 2019; Reviewed: October 15, 2019; Accepted: November 20, 2019.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 99, "width": 466, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "To cite this article: Martini, S, Ash-Shaf ikh, MH, Af if, NC 2019, ‘Implementasi reforma agraria terhadap pemenuhan harapan masyarakat yang bersengketa lahan’, Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan , vol. 5, no. 2, hlm. 150-162.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 143, "width": 103, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "DOI: 10.31292/jb.v5i2.367", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 161, "width": 458, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Copyright: ©2019 Sri Martini, Maiza Hazrina Ash-Shaf ikh, Nur Choirul Af if. All articles published in Jurnal Bhumi are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 522, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "151", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 71, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "A. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 89, "width": 225, "height": 431, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Fungsi tanah tidak hanya terbatas pada kebutuhan tempat tinggal, tetapi juga tempat tumbuh kembang sosial, politik, dan budaya seseorang maupun suatu komunitas masyarakat (Erwiningsih 2009). Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Peraturan Dasar Pokok- Pokok Agraria (selanjutnya disebut UUPA) merupakan rujukan pokok bagi kebijakan dan pelaksanaan reforma agraria yang dilatarbe- lakangi oleh keadaan sosial ekonomi rakyat khususnya rakyat tani (Hajati 2012). UUPA 1960 telah meletakkan dasar-dasar pengaturan pengu- asaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah, terutama dengan maksud mengutamakan golongan ekonomi lemah yang hidupnya tergan- tung pada tanah, terutama para petani penggarap. Undang-undang ini mengamanatkan untuk menata ulang struktur agraria yang timpang menjadi lebih berkeadilan, menyelesaikan konflik agraria, dan menyejahterakan rakyat setelah reforma agraria dijalankan. Tujuan dari pelaksa- naan reforma agraria tersebut tercantum dalam Perpres Nomor 45 Tahun 2016 tentang Rencana Kerja Pemerintah (RKP) yang memuat: 1. Penguatan regulasi dan penyelesaian konflik agraria; 2. Penataan penguasaan dan pemilikan; 3. Kepastian hukum; 4. Pemberdayaan masya- rakat; dan 5. Kelembagaan reforma agraria pusat dan daerah (Kastaf Presiden 2017, 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 524, "width": 225, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Setiap program tersebut berisi kegiatan-ke- giatan yang akan dikerjakan secara bekerjasama antara kementerian dan lembaga pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, hingga pemerintah desa. Maka keberhasilan dari program ini bergan- tung pada partisipasi masyarakat sipil maupun para perwakilan dari masyarakat yang menda- patkan manfaat program reforma agraria ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 644, "width": 225, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Di Banjarnegara, muncul beberapa persoalan terkait program reforma agraria. Tanah objek reforma agraria dari tanah HGU yang terindikasi tanah terlantar atau tanah eks HGU yang tidak diperpanjang oleh pemegang haknya. Hal ini terjadi pada PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas sebelum berakhir masa berlakunya Hak Guna Usaha di Kabupaten Banjarnegara seluas 76,661 hektar yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dalam peruntukannya digunakan untuk tanaman kopi, kelapa, dan cengkeh tidak dimanfaatkan sebagaimana mestinya oleh pemegang hak. Akan tetapi justru tanah tersebut sudah dikuasai dan digarap secara f isik oleh warga kelompok tani di sekitar area perkebunan tersebut. Pada tahun 2011 setelah masa berakhir masa HGUnya, tanah tersebut diajukan untuk dijadikan tanah objek reforma agraria (TORA), akan tetapi sampai sekarang belum terlaksana. Terkait hal tersebut, penulis ingin mengkaji masalah konflik agraria antara para pihak terkait dengan penyelesaian konflik berdasarkan kebijakan reforma agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 265, "width": 226, "height": 236, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pada masa pertengahan abad XIX hingga awal abad XX, Indonesia sudah sering mengalami konflik terkait masalah agraria. Hal ini banyak terjadi karena penerapan UU Agraria oleh kolo- nial Belanda tahun 1870 yang melahirkan hak erfpacht atau yang sekarang dikenal dengan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) yang membuka kesempatan bagi perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan besar asing untuk menguasai lahan hingga menggusur tanah pertanian milik rakyat. Persoalan tersebut masih dilanjutkan pada periode pasca Indonesia merdeka dimana akar dan penyebabnya tidak juga diselesikan, padahal terjadi diberbagai sektor sumber daya alam, baik di Jawa maupun luar Jawa (Gunawan 2009, 60, Rachman 2013, Ramadhani & Salim, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 505, "width": 226, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lahirnya UUPA merupakan momentum untuk mereformasi aturan pertanahan di Indonesia. Pada undang-undang ini negara memiliki kewe- nangan luas dalam pengaturan pertanahan. Namun kewenangan ini harus dieksekusi dengan memperhatikan pencapaian sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat, dalam arti kebahagiaan, kesejahteraan dan kemerdekaan dalam masyara- kat. Parlindungan (1991, 40) menjelaskan bahwa kewenangan tersebut dibatasi oleh 2 (dua) hal, yaitu: 1. Pembatasan oleh UUD 1945; 2. Bahwa hal- hal yang diatur oleh negara dengan memperha- tikan hak ulayat di daerah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 700, "width": 226, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Menurut Harsono (2005, 32) dalam pelaksa- naannya negara memberikan tanah kepada seseorang atau badan hukum dengan hak menu- rut peruntukan dan keperluannya untuk diper-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "152", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 47, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "gunakan sebagaimana seharusnya. Pemberian hak ini dibatasi oleh hak ulayat dari kesatuan- kesatuan masyarakat hukum sepanjang menurut kenyataan masih ada. Hukum agraria yang dija- lankan oleh negara, jika tidak memperhatikan pembatasan di atas akan mengakibatkan muncul- nya konflik atau sengketa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 175, "width": 225, "height": 161, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kunci untuk memahami sengketa dan konflik agraria adalah kesadaran kita menyadari bahwa tanah merupakan sumber daya alam yang sangat vital, yang melandasi hampir semua aspek kehi- dupan. Bukan saja sekedar sebagai aset, tapi juga merupakan basis bagi teraihnya kuasa-kuasa eko- nomi, sosial, dan politik. Ketimpangan dalam hal akses terhadap tuan tanah akan sangat menen- tukan corak masyarakat dan mencerminkan dina- mika tertentu hubungan antar lapisan masyarakat tersebut (Gunawan 2009, 86).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 340, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penanganan sengketa dan konflik agraria berdasarkan Pasal 17 Perpres No. 86 Tahun 2018 dilaksanakan berdasarkan prinsip kepastian hu- kum dan keadilan sosial, terhadap para pihak baik perorangan, kelompok, dan badan hukum. Ideal- nya, penyelesaian dengan pendekatan litigasi dalam konflik agraria menjadi cara terakhir, arti- nya upaya penyelesaian dengan pendekatan mediasi atau musyawarah antarpihak menjadi cara yang harus dikedepankan (Mulyani 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 490, "width": 226, "height": 266, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Terkait dengan Perpres No. 88 Tahun 2018 dan reforma agraria, Bernhard (2012, 27) mendef ini- sikan reforma agraria atau land reform sebagai perubahan besar dalam struktur agraria, yang membawa peningkatan akses petani miskin pada lahan, serta kepastian penguasaan (tenure) bagi mereka yang menggarap lahan. Sementara Lipton (2009, 328) pengertian reforma agraria adalah sebagai kebijakan, legislasi, dan program peme- rintah yang diniatkan dan dijalankan sebagai suatu operasi yang terkoordinasi dan sistematis untuk: 1. Meredistribusikan kepemilikan tanah, mengakui klaim-klaim, dan hak-hak atas tanah; 2. Memberikan akses pemanfaatan tanah, sumber daya alam, dan wilayah; dan 3. Menciptakan keku- atan produktif baru secara kolektif di desa dan kawasan perdesaan. Ketiga hal tersebut dimak- sudkan untuk meningkatkan status, penguasaan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dan pendapatan absolut maupun relatif dari masyarakat miskin, sehingga terjadi perubahan kondisi masyarakat miskin. Perubahan kondisi masyarakat miskin atas penguasaan tanah/lahan sebelum dan setelah adanya kebijakan, legislasi, dan pelaksanaan program tersebut. Dalam kenya- taanya, di Indonesia terdapat dua istilah yakni pembaruan agraria dan reforma agraria, kedua- nya terkait erat dengan program landreform dan secara luas digunakan untuk melaksanakan agen- da-agenda terkait pertanahan secara progresif (Neilson 2016, 246).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 250, "width": 226, "height": 356, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 1 UU No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria, Reforma Agraria adalah penataan kembali struktur penguasaan, pemi- likan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah yang lebih berkeadilan melalui Penataan Aset dan disertai dengan Penataan Akses untuk kemak- muran rakyat Indonesia. Berdasarkan Pasal 1 ayat (2) Penataan Aset adalah penataan kembali penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan dan peman- faatan tanah dalam rangka menciptakan keadilan di bidang penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah. Pasal 1 ayat (3) Penataan Akses adalah pemberian kesempatan akses permodalan maupun bantuan lain kepada subjek Reforma Agraria dalam rangka meningkatkan kesejahteraan yang berbasis pada pemanfaatan tanah, yang disebut juga pember- dayaan masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, beberapa pertanyaan yang diajukan dalam kajian ini adalah: Bagaimana konflik agrarian yang terjadi di Desa Punggelan, Banjarnegara? bagaimana imple- mentasinya; bagaimana sikap masyarakat dalam merespons implementasi reforma agraria; dan apakah terdapat pengaruh implementasi reforma agraria terhadap sikap masyarakat?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 622, "width": 214, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "B. Reforma Agraria dan Harapan Masyarakat yang Bersengketa Lahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 657, "width": 225, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penyelenggaraan reforma agraria di Indone- sia diarahkan untuk melakukan perubahan struk- tur penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah untuk menjamin terwujud- nya keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam pengu- asaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah (Nurlinda 2009, 81). Penyelenggaraan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 520, "top": 45, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "153", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 206, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Reforma Agraria dalam Pasal 3 Perpres No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah melalui tahapan perencanaan Reforma Agraria dan Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria. Perencanaan ini dalam Pasal 4 meliputi perencanaan Penataan Aset terhadap penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA), perencanaan terhadap penataan akses dalam penggunaan dan pemanfaatan serta produksi atas TORA, peren- canaan kepastian hukum dan legislasi atas TORA, perencanaan penanganan Sengketa dan Konflik Agraria, dan perencanaan kegiatan lain yang mendukung Reforma Agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 280, "width": 225, "height": 296, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria di Indonesia menekankan pada konsep redistribusi tanah dengan membagikan tanah yang dikuasai Negara, tanah kelebihan luas maksimum, tanah absen- tee, dan tanah Negara lainnya yang telah ditetap- kan menjadi tanah objek Reforma Agraria kepada petani penggarap dan petani lahan sempit. Na- mun secara garis besar dalam UU No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria terdapat 3 hal uta- ma dalam Reforma Agraria, yaitu penataan aset, penataan akses, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Hal ini sejalan dengan Strategi Nasional Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria 2015-2019 yang antara lain meli- puti: penguatan kerangka regulasi dan penye- lesaian konflik agraria; penataan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah objek Reforma Agraria (TORA); kepastian hukum dan legalisasi hak atas TORA; dan pemberdayaan masyarakat pemanfaatan TORA (RPJMN 2015, Luthf i 2018, Salim dan Uta- mi 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 580, "width": 225, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tanah-tanah yang sudah ditetapkan menjadi TORA, diredistribusikan untuk kepentingan pertanian dan non pertanian. Untuk pertanian diredistribusikan kepada subjek Reforma Agraria dengan luasan tanah paling besar 5 (lima) hektar sesuai dengan ketersediaan TORA disertai dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau Hak Kepe- milikan Bersama. Sedangkan redistribusi untuk non pertanian adalah kegiatan di luar bidang pertanian, baik yang berada di wilayah perkotaan atau pedesaan. Redistribusi untuk non pertanian dapat dilakukan melalui konsolidasi tanah disertai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau sertipikat hak milik atas satuan rumah susun. Redistribusi lahan dilakukan untuk petani gurem atau tak bertanah yang lahan di wilayahnya sudah terbagi habis dalam hak-hak pemanfaatan yang diberikan negara pada perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan atau lahan-lahan yang diberikan Hak Guna Bangunan atau jenis hak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 190, "width": 226, "height": 236, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Target pelaksanaan kebijakan reforma agraria di Indonesia sebagaimana tercantum dalam RPJMN 2015-2019 adalah seluas 9 juta hektar yang dilakukan melalui skema redistribusi tanah dan legalisasi tanah dengan menggunakan tanah ma- sing-masing seluas 4,5 juta hektar sebagai objek Reforma Agraria. Persentase sumber tanah yang akan diredistribusikan terdiri atas 4,1 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari kawasan hutan dan 0,4 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari lahan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) yang telah habis masa berlakunya (eks-HGU), tanah terlantar, dan tanah Negara yang lainnya. Sedangkan sumber tanah yang akan dilegislasikan terdiri atas 0,6 juta hektar lahan yang telah dialokasikan untuk transmigrasi dan 3,9 juta hektar lahan dari hasil legislasi aset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 442, "width": 196, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "C. Konflik Agraria dan Penyelesaian Konflik di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 477, "width": 226, "height": 281, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Indonesia yang tengah berjalan dalam masa transisi, menjadi penting menghadirkan kesa- daran sejarah, di tengah upayanya mentrasfor- masikan masyarakat agraria ke masyarakat industri. Jika mayoritas masyarakat kita, dalam perjalanan pembentukan masa lalunya lebih banyak berkubang dalam pertanian sub sistem dan kurang berkonsentrasi pada cara memacu produktivitas utntuk aktivitas perdagangan dan industri, haruslah disadari bahwa hal ini dise- babkan panjangnya tekanan bersifat struktural dan kultural semasa penjajahan serta sistem politik paska penjajahan yang belum stabil. Maka tidak beralasan jika ada kesimpulan bahwa watak petani kita kurang kreatif dan produktif lebih banyak memanfaatkan kepemilikan lahan dari pada mengembangkan dan mengoptimalkan produksi- nya. Pada masa Orde Baru pemerintah lebih mem- berikan kepercayaan pada petani dengan didu-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 306, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "154 Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 270, "top": 450, "width": 141, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "No Provinsi Lokasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 450, "width": 276, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Organisasi Rakyat Luas Lahan (Ha) Kabupaten Kecamatan Desa Kampung 1 Jawa Barat Cianjur Kadupandak Warga Asih Paguyuban Tani Cianjur 827 2 Jawa Barat Cianjur Cibeber,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 370, "top": 492, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kadupandak, Bojong", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 370, "top": 485, "width": 65, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Picung Sukaharja,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 485, "width": 274, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Wargasari dan Neglasari Paguyuban Tani Cianjur 570 3 Jawa Barat Ciamis Cipaku Muktisari Cijoho SPP Ciamis 40,72 4 Jawa Tengah Pemalang Petarukan Klarean", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 518, "width": 271, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Serikat Tani Independen Pemalang 160 5 Jawa Tengah Pemalang Belik Sikasur Dukuh Sodong Sarekat Pengorganisasi an Rakyat 83 6 Jawa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 558, "width": 222, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tengah Banjarnegara Punggelan Punggelan Himpunan Masyarakat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 485, "top": 558, "width": 59, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tani Banjarnegara (HITAMBARA) 80", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 591, "width": 269, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "7 Jawa Timur Batu Bumiaji Tulungrejo Junggo Serikat Petani Gunung Biru (SGPB) 9 8 Jawa Timur Blitar Gandusari Gadungan dan Sumberagung Dusun Sukomuly o dan Dusun Rejokaton Paguyuban", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 273, "top": 611, "width": 272, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Petani Aryo Blitar (PPAB) dan Sitas Desa 557 9 Sulawesi Tenggara Minahasa Tenggara Belang Mangkit Serikat Petani Minahasa 443", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "kung teknologi tepat guna dan faktor institusional yang menopang, maka dalam waktu satu se- tengah dasawarsa swasembada beras pun dapat diraih pemerintahan Orde Baru (Dananhuri 1996, 5). Untuk menjadi barisan negara maju ada dua hal yang sangat prinsip yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 160, "width": 225, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "1. Landasan pertanian kita yang mencerminkan akses petani terhadap aset produktif, berupa modal, teknologi, kelembagaan, kepemilikan tanah adalah pra kondisi dimana sektor per- tanian menjadi mitra dalam proses indus- trialisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 250, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "2. Dengan melihat akumulasi pengalaman sejarah, maka menjadi keharusan untuk me- numbuhkan pengusaha pribumi yang dalam kurun waktu tertentu memerlukan “perlin- dungan sementara” pemerintah, dan pada giliranya menjadi mandiri dalam arti sebagai entrepreneurship yang sesungguhnya (Danan- huri 1996, 6).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 370, "width": 225, "height": 251, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pertama, Landasan pertanian kita semestinya sudah kokoh dengan lahirnya UUPA 1960, Soekarno menyadari kekayaan Indonesia yang cukup besar dengan melihat dokumen dari penelitian yang dilakukan Chulonkorn Univer- sity tahun 2012, bahwa pemerintah Hindia Belanda dari tahun 1878 hingga 1941 men- dapatkan keuntungan ekspor Indonesia yang masih didominasi pertanian, peneli- tian ini menemukan tabungan orang Belan- da di Indonesia, serta anggaran pemerintah Hindia Belanda menjajah Indonesia sejum- lah 34 Milyar gulden selama 63 tahun, setara dengan $ 22 Milyar yang bila dikonversi dengan uang sekarang sebesar $5123 yang artinya sejumlah 66.599 trilyun (Subianto 2017, 35).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 625, "width": 225, "height": 131, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kedua, Landasan agraria memberikan dan mengokohkan kedudukan sosial, ekonomi dan politik para tani, Lahirnya UUPA 1960 telah tuntas mengokohkan kedu- dukan tani dengan slogan kebijakan Tanah untuk para penggarap, dalam kurun 1960–1965 para petani mendapatkan angin surga perubahan taraf kehidupanya dan garis–garis haluan negara dalam perekonomian nasional kembali pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 326, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "konstitusi pasal 33 UUD 1945, namun sayang upaya Soekarno mengembalikan arah kebijakan perekonomian nasional harus didompleng PKI yang juga merupakan bom waktu menghancur- kan konsep Nasakomnya. Sehingga pada tahun 1965 dengan pecahnya kudeta Soekarno maka runtuhlah seluruh garis kebijakan ekonomi Soekarno dan berakibat UUPA 1960 mengalami pembekuan hingga Orde Baru runtuh. Dan dilanjutkan masa Orde Reformasi ketimpangan kepemilikan tanah masih sangat besar, dimana 1 % penduduk menguasai 72 % tanah kita (Subianto 2017, 7). Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan reforma agraria agar kepemilikan tanah sebagai aset stra- tegis tidak hanya dikuasai oleh segelintir orang saja. Pembahasan mengenai konflik agraria di In- donesia. Pada tahun 2019 terdapat 9 (sembilan) daerah yang berstatus dapat ditindaklanjuti seba- gai lokasi pelaksanaan reformasi agraria peme- rintah, lokasi-lokasi tersebut berasal dari LPRA tahap pertama yang diusulkan serikat tani anggota KPA, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 299, "top": 413, "width": 220, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 1. Prioritas Lokasi Pelaksanaan Reformasi Agraria Pemerintah Tahun 2019", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 666, "width": 224, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Laporan Konsorsium Pembangunan Agraria Tahun 2019", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 702, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 1. dapat dijelaskan bahwa Kabupaten Banjarnegara termasuk pada prioritas dalam kebijakan reforma agraria. Namun tingkat konflik dalam penyelesaian redistribusi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 519, "top": 45, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "155", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "lahan tidak sampai pada bentrokan fisik. Pengurus HITAMBARA selalu melakukan pendekatan persuasif dengan pemerintah kabupaten dan Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banjarnegara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 225, "height": 311, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penyelenggaraan reforma agraria di Indone- sia diarahkan untuk melakukan perubahan struk- tur penguasaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah untuk menjamin terwujud- nya keadilan dan kepastian hukum dalam pengu- asaan, pemilikan, penggunaan, dan pemanfaatan tanah (Nurlinda 2009, 81). Penyelenggaraan Reforma Agraria dalam Pasal 3 Perpres No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Pusat dan Pemerintah Daerah melalui tahapan perencanaan Reforma Agraria dan Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria. Perencanaan ini dalam Pasal 4 meliputi perencanaan Penataan Aset terhadap penguasaan dan pemilikan Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA), perencanaan terhadap penataan akses dalam penggunaan dan pemanfaatan serta produksi atas TORA, peren- canaan kepastian hukum dan legislasi atas TORA, perencanaan penanganan Sengketa dan Konflik Agraria, dan perencanaan kegiatan lain yang mendukung Reforma Agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 445, "width": 225, "height": 266, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria di Indonesia menekankan pada konsep redistribusi tanah dengan membagikan tanah yang dikuasai Negara, tanah kelebihan luas maksimum, tanah absen- tee, dan tanah Negara lainnya yang telah ditetap- kan menjadi tanah objek Reforma Agraria kepada petani penggarap dan petani lahan sempit. Namun secara garis besar dalam UU No. 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria terdapat 3 hal utama dalam Reforma Agraria, yaitu penataan aset, penataan akses, dan penyelesaian sengketa. Hal ini sejalan dengan Strategi Nasional Pelaksa- naan Reforma Agraria 2015-2019 yang antara lain meliputi: penguatan kerangka regulasi dan penye- lesaian konflik agraria; penataan penguasaan dan pemilikan tanah objek Reforma Agraria; kepastian hukum dan legalisasi hak atas TORA; dan pem- berdayaan masyarakat pemanfaatan TORA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 715, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tanah-tanah yang sudah ditetapkan menjadi TORA, diredistribusikan untuk kepentingan per- tanian dan non pertanian. Untuk pertanian dire-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 251, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "distribusikan kepada subjek Reforma Agraria dengan luasan tanah paling besar 5 (lima) hektare sesuai dengan ketersediaan TORA disertai dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau Hak Kepe- milikan Bersama. Sedangkan redistribusi untuk non pertanian adalah kegiatan di luar bidang pertanian, baik yang berada di wilayah perkotaan atau pedesaan. Redistribusi untuk non pertanian dapat dilakukan melalui konsolidasi tanah disertai dengan pemberian sertipikat hak milik atau sertipikat hak milik atas satuan rumah susun. Redistribusi lahan dilakukan untuk petani gurem atau tak bertanah yang lahan di wilayahnya sudah terbagi habis dalam hak-hak pemanfaatan yang diberikan negara pada perusahaan-perusahaan perkebunan atau lahan-lahan yang diberikan Hak Guna Bangunan atau jenis hak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 325, "width": 226, "height": 236, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Target pelaksanaan kebijakan reforma agraria di Indonesia sebagaimana tercantum dalam RPJMN 2015-2019 adalah seluas 9 juta hektar yang dilakukan melalui skema redistribusi tanah dan legalisasi tanah dengan menggunakan tanah masing-masing seluas 4,5 juta hektar sebagai objek Reforma Agraria. Persentase sumber tanah yang akan diredistribusikan terdiri atas 4,1 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari kawasan hutan dan 0,4 juta hektar lahan diperoleh dari lahan Hak Guna Usaha (HGU) yang telah habis masa berlakunya (eks-HGU), tanah terlantar, dan tanah Negara yang lainnya. Sedangkan sumber tanah yang akan dilegislasikan terdiri atas 0,6 juta hektar lahan yang telah dialokasikan untuk transmigrasi dan 3,9 juta hektar lahan dari hasil legislasi aset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 577, "width": 188, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "D. Konflik Agraria di Banjarnegara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 596, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Konflik bermula dari PT Pakis Aji Banyumas yang masa Hak Guna Usaha nya untuk mengelola tanah sebagai kebun kopi, cengkeh dan kelapa habis pada 31 Desember 2011. Masyarakat petani penggarap sekitar kemudian berharap untuk memperjuangkan tanah tersebut untuk menjadi hak milik dari petani penggarapnya. Sebab, PT Pakis Aji sebagai pemilik HGU menyalahi izin dengan menelantarkan tanah yang seharusnya digarap sebagai kebun kopi, cengkeh, dan kelapa tersebut. Penelantaran tersebut mulai terjadi sete-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 17, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "156", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 47, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 266, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "lah pada tahun 1980-an PT Pakis Aji mengalami penurunan hasil, sehingga sebagian lahan tidak dapat ditanami. Kesepakatan kemudian terjadi antara perusahaan dengan petani sekitar, dimana petani akan menggarap lahan dengan menanami rempah-rempah, selama tidak merusak perke- bunan kopi. Perusahaan kemudian akan mema- sarkan hasil panen dan melakukan bagi hasil dengan petani penggarapnya. Namun PT Pakis Aji tidak mampu memenuhi kewajiban kesepa- katannya, yaitu untuk memasarkan hasil, menye- babkan penumpukan hasil panen yang tidak mampu didistribusi. Hal ini membuat masyarakat petani sekitar kemudian menjual sendiri hasil panen mereka tanpa perantara perusahaan hingga pada berakhirnya HGU di 31 Desember 2011, lahan tersebut telah sepenuhnya dikelola oleh masya- rakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 340, "width": 225, "height": 326, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sebelumnya, pada tahun 2005 Bupati Banjar- negara mengundang Direktur PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas, Direktur PT. Serayu Makmur, Kepala Kantah Kabupaten Banjarnegara dan beberapa dinas terkait untuk membahas ketidaksang- gupan PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas dalam mengelola lahan sesuai dengan peruntukannya yaitu untuk kebun kopi dan cengkeh). Bupati memberikan kesempatan pada PT Serayu Makmur untuk mengambil alih pengelolaan lahan, yang kemu- dian ditolak oleh PT Serayu Makmur karena sebagian besar lahan telah dikuasai secara f isik oleh petani sekitar. Pada tahun 2010 PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas mengajukan permohonan reko- mendasi No. 47/VII/PB/2010 kepada Bupati Banjarnegara untuk perpanjangan HGU tanah tersebut. Kemudian terhadap permohonan tersebut Bupati Banjarnegara membuat surat penolakan terhadap PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas untuk memperpanjang HGUnya sebagaimana tercantum dalam surat No. 525.3/3134 tanggal 1 Oktober 2010.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 670, "width": 225, "height": 86, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Kemudian disepakati bahwa kepada pemegang hak/pemilik HGU No. 3/Desa Punggelan yakni PT Pakis Aji untuk diberi surat peringatan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang berlaku mengingat ber- akhir haknya tanggal 31 Desember 2011. Peringatan I dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2011, Peringatan II", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 191, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2011 dengan surat No. 4859/16-500/VIII/33/2011 tanggal 12 Agustus 2011, kemudian peringatan III dilaksa- nakan pada bulan September 2011 dengan surat No. 5295/16-500/IX/33/2011 tanggal 13 September 2011. Akan tetapi setelah dilakukan peringatan III berakhir hingga masa berlakunya HGU No. 3/Desa Punggelan tanggal 31 Desember 2011 pemegang hak tidak mengusahakan, menggunakan, dan memanfaatkan tanah sebagaimana mestinya. Se- hingga secara hukum PT. Pakis Aji sudah tidak lagi memiliki HGU di tanah tersebut dan kembali menjadi tanah Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 265, "width": 225, "height": 221, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bupati Banjarnegara kemudian mengajukan surat permohonan tanggal 31 Juli 2013 Nomor 050/ 2733/Setda/511/2013 kepada BPN RI perihal pengembalian aset PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas kepa- da Pemerintah Daerah yang intinya pemerintah daerah kabupaten Banjarnegara berkeinginan mengelola sebagian tanah eks HGU tersebut untuk keperluan lahan konservasi dan agrowisata. Sedangkan tanah tersebut sudah sepenuhnya dikuasai oleh masyarakat yang tergabung dalam Himpunan Tani Masyarakat Banjarnegara (HITAMBARA). Sehingga timbullah perma- salahan antara pemerintah daerah Banjarnegara dengan masyarakat yang tergabung dalam HITAMBARA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 490, "width": 225, "height": 161, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Atas permasalahan tersebut Kantor Wilayah Badan Pertanahan Nasional Provinsi Jawa Tengah menegaskan bahwa tanah HGU No. 3/Desa Pung- gelan tersebut menjadi tanah Negara dan akan dijadikan sebagai salah satu sumber tanah objek reforma agraria atau Program Strategis Peme- rintah lainnya melalui surat Kanwil BPN Provinsi Jawa Tengah Nomor: 2298/19-33/600/XII/2018 tanggal 5 Desember 2018 perihal Tindak Lanjut Tanah Terindikasi Terlantar yang sudah berakhir haknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 655, "width": 225, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pihak masyarakat tani bersama KPA (Konsor- sium Pembaruan Agraria) berupaya agar bisa mempertahankan tanah tersebut karena dinilai akan dapat lebih membawa kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat sekitar dibandingkan apabila digu- nakan sebagai lahan agrowisata. Proses pemetaan yang dilakukan oleh kaum tani yang tergabung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 519, "top": 45, "width": 16, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "157", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 311, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dalam HITAMBARA (Himpunan Tani Masyarakat Banjarnegara) dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk pengajuan sertif ikat tanah Negara Eks HGU Perkebunan PT. Pakis Aji Banyumas. Dimana posisi kasus saat ini HGU tersebut sudah habis pada tahun 2011 dan tanah tersebut sudah diter- lantarkan dari tahun 1980 dan tidak diusahakan sesuai dengan HGU. Sehingga kaum tani di wilayah ini berusaha mengajukan tanah tersebut yang sudah dikuasai 20 tahun lebih untuk menja- di tanah milik dari kaum tani di tiga desa, yaitu Desa Punggelan, Desa Karangsari, dan Desa Jem- bangan Kecamatan Punggelan, Kabupaten Ban- jarnegara (Diyantoro 2014). Fungsi diselenggara- kannya pendaftaran tanah adalah agar para pengelola lahan dapat dengan mudah mengeta- hui status atau kedudukan hukum dari pada lahan atau tanah yang dihadapinya, letak, luas, dan batas-batas, siapa yang mempunyai dan beban-beban apa yang ada di atasnya (Riyanto 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 385, "width": 225, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lahan yang dipetakan oleh HITAMBARA dikelola oleh 276 orang (Peta Lahan Kelompok Tani Hitambara, 2019). Pemetaan partisipatif yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat atau kaum tani ini bertujuan untuk:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 460, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "1. Upaya pengajuan sertipikasi hak milik bagi kaum tani di Desa Punggelan, Karangsari, dan Jembangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 505, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "2. Sebagai perencanaan lahan kelola tersebut dan rencana pembangunan insfrastruktur kepentingan-kepentingan umum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 550, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "3. Memperjelas batas tanah warga dengan eks perkebunan dan luasan lahan yang sedang dikelola.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 595, "width": 225, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Upaya penyelesaian konflik pertanahan yang terjadi melibatkan beberapa pihak seperti Pemerintah Daerah, Badan Pertanahan Nasional (BPN), Pemerintahan Desa dan masyarakat. Pe- nanganan sengketa dan konflik agraria tersebut difasilitasi oleh Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria secara berjenjang. Gugus tugas tersebut terdiri atas Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria Pusat, Pro- vinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota dengan tugas meng- koordinasikan penyediaan TORA dalam rangka penataan aset di tingkat pusat, berkoordinasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "dalam pelaksanaan penataan akses di tingkat pusat, mengintegrasikan pelaksanaan penataan aset dan penataan akses di tingkat pusat, menyam- paikan laporan hasil Reforma Agraria Nasional kepada Tim Reforma Agraria Nasional untuk memfasilitasi penanganan Sengketa Konflik Agra- ria, dan melakukaan pengawasan terhadap pelak- sanaan tugas Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria Pro- vinsi dan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria Kabu- paten/Kota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 220, "width": 226, "height": 326, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sayangnya, menurut key-informan di kantor pertanahan, penyelenggaraan reforma agraria di Kabupaten Banjarnegara belum terlaksana sampai pada tahap pelaksanaan. Hal ini ditandai dengan belum terbentuknya Gugus Tugas Refor- ma Agraria tingkat kabupaten/kota sehingga penyelenggaraan reforma agraria belum bisa dilaksanakan dengan baik. Melihat hal ini, untuk menjawab permasalahan yang diajukan penulis mengenai sejauh mana signif ikansi program reforma agraria dalam menurunkan konf lik agraria, maka perlu dilakukan pengujian hipo- tesis apakah program reforma agraria mem- berikan dampak terhadap konf lik agraria. Dengan demikian, jika aturan mengenai kepe- milikan diperjelas diharapkan akan sesuai dengan harapan para pihak yang mengalami konf lik kepemilikan lahan. Ketika konf lik kepemilikan tersebut sudah mulai mereda dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan para pihak yang bersengketa, maka konflik agraria diharapkan mengalami penurunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 550, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Maka untuk melihat keefektifan program reforma agraria dalam menyelesaikan sengketa/ konflik, tulisan ini melihat respons para petani di Kabupaten Banjarnegara yang mengalami seng- keta lahan, dengan menyajikan beberapa item pertanyaan pada kuesioner yang diberikan kepada beberapa sampel yang dipilih. Terdiri atas 3 item pertanyaan untuk pengetahuan mereka terhadap program reforma agraria dan 4 (empat) item per- tanyaan untuk kesesuaian dengan harapan para petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 306, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "158 Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 59, "top": 103, "width": 213, "height": 561, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian Frekuensi Presentase Presentase Kumulatif 1 49 49.0 49 2 36 36.0 85 3 4 13 0 13.0 0 98 98 5 1 1.0 99 6 1 1.0 100 Total 100 100.0 Penilaian Frekuensi Persentase Presentase Kumulatif 1 60 60 60 2 36 36 96 3 3 3 99 4 5 6 1 0 0 1 0 0 100 100 100 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 73, "top": 69, "width": 187, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 2. Pemahaman terhadap Program Reforma Agraria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 205, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 227, "width": 225, "height": 296, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 2 dapat dijelaskan bahwa mayoritas petani tidak memiliki pema- haman terhadap reforma agraria yang telah dila- kukan oleh pemerintah. Menurut Ketua HITAM- BARA, para petani umumnya tidak memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup berkenaan dengan hu- kum pertanahan. Mereka mengelola lahan yang dianggap terlantar, namun tidak mempedulikan status hukumnya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa para petani belum mengerti mengenai hak atas tanah yang dikelolanya. Para petani HITAM- BARA kemudia menunjuk pengurus HITAM- BARA untuk melakukan tindakan hukum yang diperlukan agar seluruh prosesnya dilakukan sesuai dengan peraturan dan perundang-un- dangan yang berlaku di Indonesia (komunikasi dengan Sarkim 23 Agustus 2019). Untuk menge- tahui bagaimana program reforma agraria dila- kukan oleh BPN dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 541, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 3. Peran BPN dalam Reforma Agraria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 675, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 698, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 3 diketahui bahwa para petani mayoritas tidak merasa BPN berperan dalam pelaksanaan reforma agraria. Hal tersebut tentu menjadi bahan pertimbangan para pejabat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 221, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "BPN di tingkat pusat, provinsi maupun kabupaten agar memiliki peran yang besar dalam melaksa- nakan kebijakan reforma agraria yang telah dila- kukan oleh pemerintah. BPN memiliki peran besar dalam implementasi program reforma agra- ria. Dimana data mengenai pertanahan yang sudah tersertif ikasi secara keseluruhan dimiliki oleh Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Oleh karena itu, BPN perlu memberikan perhatian khusus teru- tama dalam menangani konflik lahan di Desa Punggelan, Kecamatan Punggelan, Kabupaten Banjarnegara agar konflik tersebut tidak terus menerus terjadi. Sedangkan respons petani terha- dap penanggung jawab pelaksana reforma agraria dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 308, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 4. Adanya Penanggung Jawab Pelaksana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 322, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Reforma Agraria", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 451, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 473, "width": 225, "height": 236, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada Tabel 4 mayoritas respon- den menjawab bahwa mereka merasa belum ada pihak yang bertanggung jawab dalam melaksa- nakan program reforma agraria. Menurut Sarkim (komunikasi pribadi tanggal 28 Agustus 2019) menyatakan bahwa mereka selama ini merasa dilempar-lempar dari satu pihak ke pihak lainnya. Baik di tingkat pemerintah Kabupaten Banjar- negara, maupun dari Badan Pertanahan Nasional. Namun setelah pertemuan dengan Bupati Ban- jarnegara merasa ada titik terang mengenai sta- tus lahan eks-HGU PT. Pakis Aji. Namun demi- kian, penanggungjawab yang menangani refor- ma agraria ini belum ada dikarenakan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria sampai saat ini belum terbentuk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 713, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Menurut Sutrisno, (komunikasi pribadi, tang- gal 9 Agustus 2019), sebelum terbentuknya Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria di Banjarnegara, Kantor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 342, "width": 216, "height": 101, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian F r ekuensi P r esentase P r esentas e Kumulatif 1 73 73.0 73 2 25 25.0 98 3 1 1.0 99 4 5 6 1 0 0 1.0 0 0 100 100 100 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 518, "top": 45, "width": 17, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "159", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 251, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pertanahan Banjarnegara berperan untuk me- nangani harapan-harapan masyarakat dan meng- hubungkan antara masyarakat dengan Peme- rintah Daerah Banjarnegara dalam hal penye- lenggaraan reforma agraria. Kantor Pertanahan Banjarnegara sudah memohonkan kepada Pemerintah Daerah untuk segera membentuk Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria agar penyeleg- garaan reforma agraria segera terwujud di Kabu- paten Banjarnegara. Pihak yang dapat memu- tuskan dan menetapkan Gugus Tugas Reforma Agraria adalah pemerintah kabupaten, sehingga sampai saat ini Kantor Pertanahan Banjarnegara dan masyarakat menunggu keputusan dari Peme- rintah Daerah. Berdasarkan hal ini, dapat diamati terdapat kurangnya koordinasi antar level mana- jemen dalam reforma agraria.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 325, "width": 225, "height": 131, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Terkait dengan tingkat pemenuhan harapan petani, survey dilakukan untuk melihat apakah petani sudah merasa terpenuhi haknya. Jika petani sudah terpenuhi haknya, maka implemen- tasi strategi reforma agraria dapat dirasakan man- faatnya bagi masyarakat dan kebijakan reforma agraria tersebut dianggap dapat menurunkan konflik pertanahan. Berikut ini hasil tabulasi kuesioner dari responsden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 473, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 5. Hak atas Pengelolaan Hasil Pertanian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 593, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 615, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 5 dapat dilihat bahwa mayo- ritas responsden menjawab belum memiliki hak atas pengelolaan tanah sesuai dengan apa yang mereka harapkan. Menurut Sarkim (komunikasi tanggal 28 Agustus 2019) menyatakan bahwa pada saat ini mereka mendapatkan hak untuk meng- garap lahan eks-HGU PT. Pakis Aji hanya secara lisan dari Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banjar- negara yang mempersilahkan kepada mereka untuk mengelola lahan tersebut. Sedangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 56, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "kepuasan masyarakat mengenai penyelesaian konf lik lahan yang dilakukan oleh Kantor Pertanahan Kabupaten Banjarnegara dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 144, "width": 202, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tebel 6. Proses Penyelesaian Konflik Lahan dengan Baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 280, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 303, "width": 226, "height": 251, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 6 diketahui bahwa penye- lesaian konf lik lahan, mayoritas masyarakat merasa cukup puas. Menurut Ketua HITAM- BARA, bahwa sengketa lahan eks-HGU PT. Pakis Aji diselesaikan dengan baik, tanpa adanya keke- rasan yang menimbulkan korban jiwa. Perte- muan-pertemuan yang dilakukan oleh serikat tani di Banjarnegara khususnya serikat tani HITAMBARA dengan Pemerintah Kabupaten dan Kantor Pertanahan Banjarnegara untuk penyelesaian masalah pertanahan selalu direspons dengan baik, hanya saja proses pelaksanaan penyelesaiannya yang lambat (komunikasi dengan Sarkim 23 Agustus 2019). Sedangkan kepuasan masyarakat yang menggarap lahan eks- HGU PT. Pakis Aji terhadap hak atas lahan ter- sebut dapat dilihat dari Tabel 7 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 571, "width": 210, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 7. Setiap Penggarap Mendapatkan Hak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 408, "top": 585, "width": 29, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 708, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 730, "width": 226, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 7 mayoritas penggarap be- lum puas dengan hak lahan yang mereka kelola.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 498, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 493, "width": 182, "height": 42, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "F r ekuensi Pe r sentase P r esentase Kumulatif 1 61 61.0 62 2 34 34.0 96", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 536, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "3", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 102, "top": 547, "width": 5, "height": 30, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "4 5 6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 141, "top": 536, "width": 5, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "4 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 536, "width": 175, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "0 0 4.0 0 0 0 100 100 100 100 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 321, "top": 178, "width": 204, "height": 520, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Penilaian F r ekuensi Pe r sentase P r esntase Kumulatif 1 3 3 3 2 2 2 5 3 41 41 46 4 52 52 98 5 6 2 0 2 0 100 Total 100 100 Penilaian F r ekuensi Pe r sentase Pe r sentase Kumulatif 1 68 68.0 68.0 2 23 23.0 91.0 3 4 5 6 9 0 0 0 9.0 0 0 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total 100 100.0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 54, "top": 44, "width": 18, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "160", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 47, "width": 267, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan Vol. 5 No. 2 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 341, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Hal ini disebabkan belum adanya tindak lanjut dari pemerintah maupun kantor pertanahan mengenai status kepemilikan tanah tersebut. Menurut Sarkim (komunikasi pribadi tanggal 28 Agustus 2019). Serikat Tani HITAMBARA sendiri sudah melakukan pemetaan lahan, daftar nama- nama penggarap dan luasan lahan yang dikelola oleh masing-masing penggarap, sebagaimana tercantum dalam Surat Keterangan Nomor: 07/ HTMB/VIII/2019 tentang Penetapan Anggota, akan tetapi ketetapan tersebut baru ditetapkan oleh ketua serikat tani HITAMBARA yang diketa- hui oleh Kepala Desa Punggelan, belum adanya tindak lanjut oleh pemerintah kabupaten untuk aspek legalnya. Selain dari itu HITAMBARA juga sudah merencanakan untuk mendirikan fasilitas- fasilitas umum untuk kepentingan masyarakat pada lahan tersebut, diantaranya akan melakukan pembuatan dan pelebaran jalan, mendirikan sara- na peribadatan, mendirikan sekolah, dan menyi- apkan lahan untuk peternakan. Hal tersebut belum bisa dilakukan tanpa adanya dukungan dan bantuan dari pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 427, "width": 220, "height": 28, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "E. Pengaruh Program Reforma Agraria terhadap Pemenuhan Harapan Petani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 462, "width": 225, "height": 146, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada hasil output SPSS untuk mengukur efektivitas reforma agraria dalam menurunkan konflik agraria, maka dapat ditam- pilkan hasil dari regresi untuk mengukur penga- ruh program reforma agraria terhadap peme- nuhan harapan petani. Jika pemenuhan harapan petani sudah terpenuhi dengan kebijakan refor- ma agraria, maka konflik lahan dianggap menga- lami penurunan. Berikut ini merupakan hasil out- put SPSS dari pengujian regresi sederhana:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 61, "top": 626, "width": 211, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 8. Pengaruh Reforma Agraria terhadap Pemenuhan Harapan Petani", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 703, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 54, "top": 726, "width": 225, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Pada Tabel 8 dapat diketahui nilai kuadrat R sebesar 0,185 atau 18,5%. Hal tersebut menun-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "jukkan bahwa program reforma agraria memiliki pengaruh sebesar 18,5% terhadap penurunan konflik agraria. Sedangkan untuk melihat tingkat signif ikansinya digunakan pengujian t sebagai- mana pada Tabel 9 di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 159, "width": 204, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Tabel 9. Hasil Uji Signifikansi Pengaruh Program Reforma Agraria terhadap Konflik Agraria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 273, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sumber: Hasil Tabulasi Kuesioner Diolah (2019)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 302, "width": 225, "height": 221, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan pada hasil pengujian hipotesis dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signif ikasi pada SPSS sebesar 0,000 < 0,05. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan signif ikan program reforma agraria terhadap konflik agraria. Meskipun proses implementasi program reforma agraria belum 100 persen selesai, namun dianggap sudah memberikan kepastian hukum bagi para petani penggarap lahan eks PT Pakis Aji. Para petani penggarap lahan eks HGU PT. Pakis Aji sudah secara de facto menguasai lahan tersebut, meskipun secara hukum mereka belum menda- patkan dokumen apapun yang membuktikan bahwa lahan tersebut telah dimiliki dan dikuasai secara sah oleh para petani.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 539, "width": 78, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "E. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 296, "top": 558, "width": 225, "height": 205, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dibangun pada bagian sebelumnya, dapat dilihat bahwa 98% petani penggarap lahan eks PT. Pakis Aji yang ber- sengketa lahan belum memiliki pemahaman terhadap implementasi program reforma agraria. Dapat disimpulkan juga bahwa para petani tidak merasakan secara penuh keterlibatan pemerintah dalam program tersebut. Meskipun demikian, para petani tersebut merasa puas terhadap proses penyelesaian konflik lahan, meskipun belum merasa puas terhadap hak lahan yang mereka kelola. Hal ini dapat dipahami mengingat proses reforma agraria itu sendiri belum mencapai tahap 100%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 661, "width": 200, "height": 34, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Model Nilai R Nilai Kuad r at R Adjusted R Square 1 .430 a .185 .177", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 301, "top": 207, "width": 211, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Nilai t Statistik Tingkat Signifikansi Nilai Signifikansi Statistik Refo r ma Ag r a r ia te r hadap Konflik Ag r a r ia 4,784 0,05 0,000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 521, "top": 45, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "161", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 161, "top": 47, "width": 336, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Sri Martini, Maiza HA, Nur CH, Implemantasi Reforma Agraria terhadap ... 150-162", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 70, "width": 225, "height": 356, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Program reforma agraria mendapatkan res- pons positif dari masyarakat yang bersengekata lahan di Desa Punggelan, Banjarnegara. Namun demikian, mereka belum mendapatkan informasi mengenai manfaat dari penerapan reforma agra- ria karena prosesnya belum selesai. Permasalahan mendasar terletak pada situasi dimana para petani belum mengerti mengenai hak atas tanah yang dikelolanya. Pada satu sisi mereka memiliki hak mengelola lahan sebagai sumber penghasilan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonominya, pada sisi lain mereka belum memiliki aspek legal yang otentik bahwa tanah tersebut adalah hak masya- rakat. Para petani penggarap lahan eks PT. Pakis Aji memiliki kekhawatiran karena belum memiliki akta otentik, lahan tersebut masih bisa dikelola oleh siapa saja yang mungkin akan merugikan masyarakat yang telah mengelolanya sedangkan masyarakat tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah perlu memberikan pemahaman terhadap petani mengenai program reforma agraria. Hal tersebut untuk menghindari peralihan kepemilikan tanpa melalui jalur yang sah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 457, "width": 80, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Diyantoro, S 2014, ‘Pemetaan partisipatif Desa Punggelan Kecamatan Punggelan Kabu- paten Banjarnegara Jawa Tengah’, JKPP,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 521, "width": 35, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 536, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Hajati, S dkk., 2017, Politik hukum pertanahan, Airlangga University Press, Surabaya. Harsono, B 2005, Hukum agraria Indonesia,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 581, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Cetakan ke-10, Djambatan, Jakarta. Kantor Staf Presdien RI 2017, Pelaksanaan reforma agraria, arahan Kantor Staf Presiden: Prio- ritas nasional reforma agraria dalam Ren- cana Kerja Pemerintah Tahun 2017 , Kantor Staf Presiden RI, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 671, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Latif, F 2018, ‘Pengaturan tanah terlantar menurut hukum positif nasional dan hukum ekonomi syariah’, Tesis pada Program Studi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Program Pascasarjana Institut Agama Islam Negeri Purwokerto. Luthf i, AN 2018, ‘Reforma kelembagaan dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 70, "width": 226, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "kebijakan Reforma Agraria era Joko Widodo- Jusuf Kalla’, Bhumi, Jurnal Agraria dan Perta- nahan , vol. 4, no. 2, hlm. 140-163. Limbong, B 2012, Hukum agraria nasional, Jakarta: Pustaka Margaretha.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 145, "width": 226, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Lipton, M 2009, Land reform in developing coun- tries. Property rigts and property wrongs,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 333, "top": 175, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Routledege, London.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 190, "width": 226, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Mu’adi, S 2008, ‘Penyelesaian sengketa hak atas tanah perkebunan melalui cara non litigasi’, Disertasi pada Program Doktor Ilmu Hukum Pascasarjana Universitas Diponegoro, Se- marang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 265, "width": 226, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Mulyani, L 2014, ‘Kritik atas penanganan konflik agraria di Indonesia’, Jurnal Bhumi , no. 39 Tahun 13, April.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 310, "width": 226, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Nurlinda, I 2009, Prinsip-prinsip pembaruan ag- raria: Perspektif hukum, Raja Graf indo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 355, "width": 226, "height": 116, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Nurlinda, Ida. 2018, ‘Perolehan Tanah Objek Reforma Agraria (TORA) yang berasal dari Kawasan Hutan: Permasalahan dan Penga- turannya’, Veritas et Justitia, vol. 4, no. 2, hlm. 252-273. Parlindungan, AP. 1991 Komentar atas Undang- Undang Pokok Agraria, Mandar Maju, Ban- dung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 475, "width": 226, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Peta Lahan Kelompok Petani Himpunan Masya- rakat Tani Banjarnegara (HITAMBARA) Tahun 2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 520, "width": 226, "height": 56, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Rachman, NF 2013, ‘Rantai penjelas konflik-kon- flik agraria yang kronis, sistemik, dan meluas di Indonesia’, Jurnal Bhumi, no. 37 Tahun 12, April.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 580, "width": 226, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 589, "page_height": 816, "text": "Ramadhani, RD dan Salim, MN 2017, ‘Akuisisi tanah-tanah rakyat: Problem HGU PT. 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cf763399-9ab2-e365-2f62-9f31421045d1

https://jurnal.unigo.ac.id/index.php/golrev/article/download/2904/1376

[ { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "156", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 282, "width": 425, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PEMBERHENTIAN TIDAK DENGAN HORMAT APARATUR SIPIL NEGARA DALAM KASUS TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 297, "top": 333, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dhani Ihza Erawan [email protected] Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 384, "width": 230, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminuddin Ilmar [email protected] Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 436, "width": 233, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hijrah Adhyanti Mirzana [email protected] Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanuddin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 501, "width": 50, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 514, "width": 454, "height": 245, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat aparatur sipil negara dalam kasus tindak pidana korupsi. Jenis Penelitian ini merupakan Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah) dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan konsep (conseptual approach). Hasil penelitian ini berdasarkan original intend Pembentuk UU No. 43/1999, penafsiran Pemerintah, dan penafsiran norma hukum PTDH PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, penegakan sanksi administrasinya tidak harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS, tetapi menjadi diskresi PPK. PPK yang menilai dan mempertimbangkan, apakah akan diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat, pemberhentian dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri, atau tidak diberhentikan dengan atau tanpa penjatuhan hukuman disiplin dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS melakukan hal tersebut dan memperhatikan berat ringannya hukuman pidana yang dijatuhkan. SKB 3 Menteri ini merupakan peraturan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan sebagai pedoman pelaksanaan bagi PPK yang mengatur tentang pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat terhadap PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan berdasarkan putusan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 124, "width": 158, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gorontalo", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 173, "width": 169, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Law Review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 83, "top": 209, "width": 229, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 7 - No. 1 – April 2024 E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "157", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Kedua, SKB 3 Menteri itu dapat dikualifikasi sebagai instrumen yuridis yang sah (rechtmatig), kecuali jika diberlakukan mundur (terugwerkend).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat; Aparatur Sipil Negara; Tindak Pidana Korupsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 273, "top": 169, "width": 53, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 182, "width": 454, "height": 246, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to analyze the dishonorable dismissal of state civil servants in corruption cases. This type of research is the type of research used is normative juridical research. The approach used is) in this study, namely the statutory approach (statute approach), case approach (case approach), and conceptual approach (conceptual approach). The results of this study are based on the original intent of the former of Law no. 43/1999, the Government's interpretation, and the interpretation of the legal norms of PTDH civil servants who committed criminal acts of office before the entry into force of the ASN Law, the enforcement of administrative sanctions does not have to be dishonorably dismissed as civil servants, but becomes the discretion of the PPK. PPK assesses and considers whether to be dishonorably discharged, honorably discharged not at his own request, or not dismissed with or without imposition of disciplinary punishment by taking into account the factors that encourage civil servants to do this and paying attention to the severity of the criminal sentence imposed. SKB 3 of the Minister is a policy regulation issued as an implementation guideline for PPK which regulates the honorable or dishonorable dismissal of civil servants who commit criminal acts of office crimes or crimes related to their positions based on court decisions that have permanent legal force. Second, the SKB 3 Ministers can be qualified as a legal juridical instrument (rechtmatig), unless it is enforced backwards (terugwerkend).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 428, "width": 447, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Dishonorable Dismissal; State Civil Apparatus; Corruption Crime.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 114, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 467, "width": 455, "height": 220, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 pada Pasal 1 ayat (3) disebutkan bahwa Negara Indonesia adalah negara hukum. Norma ini memberikan arti bahwa di dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, hukum merupakan urat nadi seluruh aspek kehidupan sehingga dengan demikian hukum mempunyai posisi yang sangat strategis dan dominan di dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat, berbangsa, dan bernegara ( Marwan Effendi, 2005 : 1) . Hukum adalah seperangkat peraturan yang mengandung kesatuan yang kita pahami melalui sebuah sistem ( Hans Kelsen, 2003 : 3) , sedangkan hukum yang berlaku dalam suatu negara hukum haruslah terumus secara demokratis, yaitu yang memang dikehendaki oleh rakyat ( Padmo Wahjono, 2003 : 8) . Permasalahan hukum yang terjadi semakin hari semakin berkembang, hal inilah yang disebut dengan permasalahan hukum kontemporer. Hukum dalam pembangunan semakin berperan sebagai alat atau sarana menyusun tata kehidupan. Hasim Purba mengatakan bahwa pembangunan hukum Indonesia diharapkan dapat memantapkan dan mengamankan pelaksanaan pembangunan, menciptakan kondisi yang membuat anggota masyarakat dapat menikmati iklim kepastian dan ketertiban hukum ( Hasim Purba, 2008 : 171) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 687, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Era reformasi menuntut adanya pemerintahan yang baik dengan aparat yang baik pula. Era reformasi timbul dari adanya gerakan moralis dan sekaligus gerakan politik yang mempunyai konsep politik untuk melakukan perubahan dalam sistem pemerintahan, dengan tujuan memajukan kesejahteraan umum, sesuai dengan tujuan yang tercantum dalam Pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia 1945. Gerakan reformasi menuntut adanya pemerintahan yang baik dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "158", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk adanya pemerintahan yang baik harus ada aparat pemerintah yang baik pula, yaitu aparat penyelenggara pemerintah yang bersih dan bebas dari Korupsi, Kolusi, dan Nepotisme (KKN) ( Bachsan Mustafa, 2016 : 113-114) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 455, "height": 453, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam rangka mewujudkan kesejahteraan rakyat maka hadirlah pemerintah yang memiliki tugas untuk memberikan pelayanan terbaik kepada masyarakat. Peraturan perundang-undangan merupakan rujukan resmi dari seorang pemimpin pemerintahan dalam menyelenggarakan pemerintahan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan (selanjutnya disebut UU AP), bahwa hal tersebut didasarkan kepada peraturan perundang-undangan, asas-asas umum pemerintahan yang baik dan tidak bersikap diskriminatif atau berdasarkan hak-hak asasi manusia ( Aminuddin Ilmar, 2020 : 3) . Manakala seorang pemimpin pemerintahan telah mengabaikan atau tidak melaksanakan ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan atau tidak mau menjalankan suatu perintah sebagaimana dimaksud dalam peraturan perundang-undangan maka dia telah melakukan pembangkangan hukum ( legal disobedience ) yang sangat berbahaya bagi kelangsungan pemerintahan ( Aminuddin Ilmar, 2020 : 4) . Sebagai upaya memaksimalkan pelayanan kepada masyarakat, pemerintah haruslah didukung oleh aparat pemerintahan yang berintegritas dan berkompeten dalam melaksanakan tugas dan fungsinya sesuai dengan cita-cita bangsa dan tujuan negara sebagaimana tercantum dalam pembukaan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 (UUD NRI 1945). Maka dari itu diperlukan Aparatur Sipil Negara yang penuh kesetiaan dan ketaatan kepada Pancasila, UUD 1945, Negara dan Pemerintah, serta yang bermental baik, berwibawa, bersih, berkualitas tinggi dan sadar akan tanggung jawabnya sebagai unsur Abdi Negara dan Abdi Masyarakat yang bekerja untuk kepentingan masyarakat, karenanya dalam pelaksanaan pembinaan Pegawai Negeri bukan saja dilihat sebagai Aparatur Negara, tetapi juga sebagai warga Negara ( Djaenal Hoesen Koesoemahatmadja, 1993 : 159) . Penegasan dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 merupakan bagian dari upaya untuk mencapai tujuan nasional, karenanya negara memerlukan sarana-prasarana yang mendukung, baik berupa sumber daya manusia maupun sarana yang berbentuk benda, karena negara tidak dapat melakukannya sendiri ( Muchsan, 1982 : 12) . Pegawai negeri mempunyai peranan sangat penting karena pegawai negeri merupakan unsur aparatur untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan dan pembangunan dalam rangka mencapai tujuan negara. Kelancaran pelaksanaan pemerintahan dan pembangunan itu utamanya tergantung pada kesempurnaan aparatur negara yang pada pokoknya tergantung juga dari kesempurnaan pegawai negeri sebagai bagian dari aparatur negara ( SF. Marbun dan Moh. Mahfud MD, 2000 : 98) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 583, "width": 455, "height": 180, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 2014 Tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (selanjutnya disebut UU ASN) Pasal 1 Angka 1 menyebutkan bahwa Aparatur Sipil Negara selanjutnya disingkat ASN adalah Profesi Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja yang bekerja pada instansi pemerintah”. Selanjutnya dalam Angka 2 Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara yang selanjutnya disebut pegawai ASN adalah pegawai negeri sipil dan pegawai pemerintah dengan perjanjian kerja yang diangkat oleh pejabat pembina kepegawaian dan diserahi tugas dalam suatu jabatan pemerintah atau diserahi tugas negara lainnya dan digaji berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan. Sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, mengenai pegawai negeri itu diatur dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian (selanjutnya disebut UU PPK) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 Tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian. Dalam UU PPK belum mengenal adanya ASN dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "159", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerja melainkan hanya Pegawai Negeri. Pegawai Negeri adalah setiap warga negara Republik Indonesia yang telah memenuhi syarat yang ditentukan, diangkat oleh pejabat yang berwenang dan diserahi tugas dalam suatu jabatan negeri, atau diserahi tugas negara lainnya, dan digaji berdasarkan peraturan perundang- undangan yang berlaku. Dalam UU PPK ini juga sebelumnya telah mengatur terkait Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil, pengangkatan pegawai negeri, pemindahan pegawai negeri, pemberian hukuman sampai dengan pemberhentian. Tetapi kemudian UU PPK ini dicabut dengan UU ASN dan berlaku sejak tanggal 15 Januari 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 208, "width": 455, "height": 181, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, setiap ASN mempunyai kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku yang harus ditaati dan dilaksanakan. Kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku ASN merupakan pedoman sikap tingkah laku dan perbuatan di dalam dan di luar kedinasan. Salah satu tujuan taat dan patuh terhadap kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku ialah untuk membentuk ASN yang bersih dari segala masalah hukum. Kewajiban serta kode etik dan kode perilaku yang dilanggar/tidak dilaksanakan dapat berdampak pada hilangnya status kepegawaian seorang ASN, yang berdampak pula pada hilangnya hak kepegawaiannya. Seperti diketahui, kedudukan ASN sangat penting sebagai unsur aparatur dan sebagai penggerak roda pemerintahan, namun tidak dapat dipungkiri seorang ASN dalam menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya dapat melakukan tindakan- tindakan yang bertentangan dengan kode etik dan kewajiban sebagai seorang ASN. Seorang ASN yang melakukan tindakan tersebut dapat dikenai Sanksi Pidana, Sanksi Administratif sampai dengan pemberhentian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 455, "height": 374, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam UU ASN penjatuhan sanksi administratif maupun pemberhentian diatur berdasarkan kriteria dan jenis-jenis pelanggaran yang dilakukan ASN. Pemberhentian sebagai PNS adalah pemberhentian yang mengakibatkan yang bersangkutan tidak lagi berkedudukan sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil. PNS yang diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat akan kehilangan salah satu hak kepegawaiannya yaitu hak atas jaminan pensiun. Pemberhentian PNS yang banyak menjadi sorotan saat ini ialah pemberhentian tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS karena dipidana dengan pidana penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan. Seperti kasus yang menjadi penelitian penulis yakni Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. Kasusnya bermula pada tahun 2013 I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M dijatuhi hukuman pidana penjara oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps Tanggal 6 Mei 2013 dan telah ditindak lanjuti dengan pemberhentian sementara dari jabatan melalui Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor : 887/1956.c/BKD tanggal 19 November 2012 tentang Pemberhentian Sementara dari Jabatan Negeri (Asisten Perekonomian dan Pembangunan Sekretaris Daerah Kabupaten Bangli) Pegawai Negeri Sipil atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto A.P., M.M. Setelah menjalani masa tahanan, I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. kemudian dibebaskan bersyarat sesuai Surat Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia republik Indonesia Nomor M.HH-13.PK.01.05.06 Tahun 2013 tentang Pembebasan Bersyarat. Setelah adanya Keputusan pembebasan bersyarat, I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M kemudian diangkat kembali sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil dengan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli tertanggal 24 Maret 2014 dan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor: 821.2/5885/BKD tentang Pengangkatan Pertama Kali dalam Jabatan Fungsional dan Angka Kredit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "160", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perencana, tanggal 11 Desember 2014. Sehingga I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M ini aktif kembali menjadi PNS pada Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli dengan Jabatan Fungsional Perencana Ahli Madya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 455, "height": 633, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahun 2018 dikeluarkan Surat Keputusan Bersama (SKB) 3 Menteri yakni Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Negara Nomor 182/5697/SJ Nomor 15 Tahun 2018 Nomor 153/KEP/2018 Tanggal 13 September 2018 tentang Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil Yang Telah Dijatuhi Hukuman Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Yang Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap Karena Melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan. Dengan adanya SKB 3 Menteri ini kemudian Bupati Bangli menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Nomor 824/757/2018 Tanggal 31 Desember 2018 tentang Pemberhentian Saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan. Atas adanya Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli tentang pemberhentian ini, saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M kemudian melakukan upaya hukum dengan mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Denpasar dengan nomor registrasi perkara Nomor 21/G/2019/PTUN.DPS, tanggal 6 Mei 2020 namun gugatannya ditolak. Kemudian Tahun 2020 saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M melakukan upaya hukum banding ke Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Surabaya dengan nomor register perkara Nomor 138/B/2020/PT.TUN.SBY Tanggal 22 september 2020 yang pada pokoknya menerima permohonan banding dari Pembanding/Penggugat, Menyatakan batal Keputusan Terbanding/Tergugat tentang Pemberhentian I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP.,M.M. sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan yang ada Hubungannya dengan Jabatan Nomor : 842/757/2018 tertanggal 31 Desember 2018, dan Memerintahkan kepada Terbanding / Tergugat untuk mencabut Keputusan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara tentang Pemberhentian I wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto AP.,M.M. sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan yang ada Hubungannya dengan Jabatan Nomor 842/757/2018 tertanggal 31 Desember 2018. Kemudian dengan adanya Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Surabaya Nomor 138/B/2020 Tanggal 22 september 2020, terbanding dalam hal ini Bupati Bangli menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 800/706/2020 Tanggal 2 November 2020 tentang Pencabutan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824/757/2018 tentang Pemberhentian Saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP.,M.M sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena melakukan Tindak Pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan yang ada Hubungannya dengan Jabatan yang juga mengaktifkan kembali yang bersangkutan sebagai Pegawai Ngeri Sipil pada Jabatan Semula, yakni Fungsional Perencana Ahli Madya pada Badan Perencana Pembangunan Daerah, Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kabupaten Bangli. Selanjutnya Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Bangli bersurat ke Badan Kepegawaian Negara untuk mengaktifkan Kembali Nomor Induk Pegawai (NIP) Atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto.AP.,M.M. Namun Badan Kepegawaian Negara tidak setuju dengan hal ini yang kemudian memerintahkan Bupati Bangli selaku Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian untuk menerbitkan Kembali Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli tentang Pemberhentian Karena Melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto .AP.,M.M. Pada tanggal 30 Agustus 2021, I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto .AP.,M.M kembali menerima Surat Keputusan Bupati Nomor 888/357/2021 tanggal 26 April 2021 tentang Pemberhentian Saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 219, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AP.,M.M sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil, karena melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan yang mana dalam SK Pemberhentian tersebut masih tetap menggunakan dasar hukum yang sama seperti SK Pemberhentian pertama yang sebelumnya telah dinyatakan batal atau tidak sah oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Surabaya sesuai Putusan Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara Nomor 138/B/2020/PT.TUN. SBY tanggal 22 September 2020 yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap. Kasus ini menarik perhatian penulis karena terlihat adanya inkonsistensi tafsiran hukum yang menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum Bupati Kabupaten Bangli dalam menerbitkan Keputusan Pengaktifan Kembali saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P.,M.M setelah menjalani hukuman pidana penjara dan menerbitkan Surat Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP.,M.M. setelah dikeluarkannya SKB 3 Menteri ini. Melihat juga bahwa rentetan kejadian ini dikarenakan adanya transisi hukum yang dimana pengaktifan kembali saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P.,M.M atas dasar UU PPK sementara Keputusan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat menggunakan aturan UU ASN dan SKB 3 menteri ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 158, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 325, "width": 455, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tipe penelitian hukum yang dilakukan adalah yuridis normatif yang mengacu kepada norma-norma hukum yang terdapat dalam peraturan perundang-undangan dan putusan pengadilan ( Soerdjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji, 2004 : 14) . Menurut Johnny Ibrahim, bahwa penelitian hukum normatif ini adalah untuk menghasilkan ketajaman analisis hukum yang didasarkan pada doktrin dan norma-norma yang telah ditetapkan dalam sistem hukum, baik yang telah tersedia sebagai bahan hukum maupun yang dicari sebagai bahan kajian guna memecahkan problem hukum faktual yang dihadapi masyarakat, maka tidak ada jalan lain berkenalan dengan ilmu hukum normatif sebagai ilmu hukum praktis normologis dan mengandalkan penelitian hukum normatif ( Johnny Ibrahim, 2006 : 73) . Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu pendekatan perundang-undangan ( statute approach ), pendekatan kasus ( case approach ), dan pendekatan konsep ( conseptual approach ). 3. PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. Ketentuan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Aparatur Sipil Negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 458, "height": 116, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian Terkait dengan ketentuan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Aparatur Sipil Negara yang berlaku di Indonesia sebelum berlakunya UU ASN itu sesungguhnya telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian guna menata kembali pemberhentian PNS dengan cara mengubah ketentuan dalam Pasal 23 UU No. 8 /1974 sehingga berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 626, "width": 432, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1) Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan dengan hormat karena meninggal dunia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 639, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2) Pegawai Negeri Sipil dapat diberhentikan dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 652, "width": 155, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Atas permintaan sendiri;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 665, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Mencapai batas usia pensiun;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 678, "width": 248, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Perampingan organisasi pemerintah; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 691, "width": 410, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Tidak cakap jasmani atau rohani sehingga tidak dapat menjalankan kewajiban sebagai PNS", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 717, "width": 318, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(3) PNS dapat diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 730, "width": 409, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Melanggar sumpah/janji PNS dan sumpah/janji Jabatan selain pelanggaran sumpah/janji PNS dan sumpah/janji PNS dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 92, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sumpah/janji jabatan karena tidak setia kepada Pancasila, UUD 1945, Negara dan Pemerintah;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 117, "width": 409, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan yang ancaman hukumannya kurang dari 4 (empat) tahun.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 169, "width": 441, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) Pegawai Negeri Sipil dapat diberhentikan dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri atau tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 195, "width": 405, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Dihukum penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan yang ancaman hukumannya 4 (empat) tahun atau lebih; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 234, "width": 383, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Melakukan pelanggaran disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil tingkat berat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 247, "width": 370, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(5) Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 260, "width": 405, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melanggar sumpah/janji Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Sumpah/janji jabatan karena tidak setia kepada Pancasila, Undang-undang Dasar 1945, Negara dan Pemerintah;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 298, "width": 405, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap ideologi Negara, Pancasila, Undang-undang Dasar 1945 atau terlibat dalam kegiatan yang menentang Negara dan pemerintah; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 122, "top": 337, "width": 405, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 389, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 1979 tentang Pemberhentian Pegawai Negeri Sipil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 415, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Pemerintah No. 32/1979 tentang Pemberhentian Pegawai Negeri Sipil ini merupakan Peraturan Pelaksana dari UU No. 8 /1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian yang menegaskan aturan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 466, "width": 48, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 8", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 479, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil dapat diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil karena:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 505, "width": 436, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melanggar Sumpah/Janji Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Sumpah/Janji Jabatan Negeri atau Peraturan Disiplin Pegawai Negeri Sipil; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 531, "width": 436, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dihukum penjara, berdasarkan keputusan Pengadilan yang sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap, karena dengan sengaja melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan yang diancam dengan pidana penjara setinggi- tingginya 4 (empat) tahun, atau diancam dengan pidana yang lebih berat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 583, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 9", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 595, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil apabila dipidana penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan keputusan Pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap, karena :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 634, "width": 436, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 660, "width": 436, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 104 sampai dengan Pasal 161 Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 686, "width": 52, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 10", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 699, "width": 454, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Pegawai Negeri Sipil apabila ternyata melakukan usaha atau kegiatan yang bertujuan mengubah Pancasila dan atau Undang-Undang Dasar 1945 atau terlibat dalam gerakan atau melakukan kegiatan yang menentang Negara dan atau Pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 64, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (selanjutnya disebut UU ASN) mengatur Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN secara tegas pada Pasal 87 ayat 4 UU ASN yang berbunyi : Pasal 87 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 287, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(4) PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 177, "width": 419, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 203, "width": 418, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan dan/atau pidana umum;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 255, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. menjadi anggota dan/atau pengurus partai politik; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 268, "width": 418, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. dihukum penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan pidana yang dilakukan dengan berencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 319, "width": 437, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 353, "width": 432, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai aturan pelaksana Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahu 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara, Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil (selanjutnya disebut PP No. 11/2017) mengatur terkait Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil pada Pasal 250 yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 250", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 104, "top": 431, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat apabila:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 444, "width": 414, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 469, "width": 414, "height": 65, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dipidana dengan pidana penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan Jabatan dan/ atau pidana umum;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 534, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. menjadi anggota dan/atau pengurus partai politik; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 547, "width": 414, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. dipidana dengan pidana penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana dengan hukuman pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan pidana yang dilalukan dengan berencana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 599, "width": 437, "height": 155, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b) Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 87/PUU-XIV/2018 Ketentuan terkait Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Aparatur Sipil Negara kembali mengalami perubahan setelah adanya Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 87/PUU-XIV/2018 yang amar putusannya berbunyi: “menyatakan frasa “dan/atau pidana umum” dalam Pasal 87 ayat (4) huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2014 Nomor 6, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 5494) bertentangan dengan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 dan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum mengikat, sehingga Pasal 87 ayat (4) huruf b Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara menjadi berbunyi, “dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "164", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 92, "width": 432, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan”;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 117, "width": 436, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen Pegawai Negeri Sipil", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 156, "width": 432, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebagai aturan pelaksana dari UU ASN, PP Nomor 11/2017 mengalami perubahan dengan dikeluarkannya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 17 Tahun 2020 tentang Perubahan Atas Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen pegawai Negeri Sipil yang merupakan aturan terakhir dan juga telah mengatur secara tegas terkait Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang berbunyi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 250", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 247, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat apabila:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 260, "width": 401, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 286, "width": 401, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan Jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan Jabatan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 337, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. menjadi anggota dan/atau pengurus partai politik; atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 350, "width": 401, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. dipidana dengan pidana penjara berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap karena melakukan tindak pidana dengan hukuman pidana penjara paling singkat 2 (dua) tahun dan pidana yang dilakukan dengan berencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 402, "width": 437, "height": 361, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d) Penafsiran Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat Pegawai Negeri Sipil Sebelum Berlakunya UU ASN Dalam Kasus I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M Dalam Kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. terlihat bahwa rentetan kejadian berlangsung dari tahun 2013 yakni saat yang bersangkutan di vonis terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor: 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps, tanggal 6 Mei 2013. Dari rentetan kejadian tersebut ada masa transisi antara berlakunya UU PPK dan UU ASN. Baru kemudian saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai Aparatur Sipil Negara setelah terbitnya SKB 3 Menteri tentang Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil Yang Telah Dijatuhi Hukuman Berdasarkan Putusan Pengadilan Yang Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap Karena Melakukan Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Jabatan Atau Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Yang Ada Hubungannya Dengan Jabatan. Dari kasus ini kita dapat melihat bahwa ada perbedaan penafsiran hukum Bupati Kabupaten Bangli selaku Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian dalam mengaktifkan kembali saudara I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. sebagai ASN di Kabupaten Bangli dengan menerbitkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tanggal 24 Maret 2014 tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli setelah yang bersangkutan menjalani masa pidanya dengan adanya Keputusan Menteri Hukum dan HAM RI Nomor : M.H.H- 13.PK.01.05.06 Tahun 2013 Tanggal 31 Desember 2013 tentang Surat Pembebasan Bersyarat atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. Pertimbangan Bupati Kabupaten Bangli dalam menerbitkan Surat Keputusan yang dimaksud yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok- Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "165", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 92, "width": 432, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 117, "width": 432, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bupati Kabupaten Bangli tidak memberhentikan tidak dengan hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. walaupun secara eksplisit aturan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN diatur di dalam Pasal 23 UU No. 43/1999 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian. Di dalam menafsirkan aturan ini ada beberapa aturan yang menjadi pertimbangan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 195, "width": 432, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I. Penafsiran Kemenpan (Kementerian Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara ) Dalam rangka pelaksanaan Inpres No. 4/2004 tentang Percepatan Pemberantasan Korupsi, Pemerintah menerbitkan SE Menpan No. SE/03/M.PAN/4/2007 tentang Perlakuan Terhadap Pejabat yang Terlibat KKN. Dalam angka 1, 2, dan 3 SE tersebut tegas diamanatkan:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 260, "width": 423, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Segera memberikan ijin pemeriksaan terhadap Pejabat atau Pegawai baik sebagai saksi atau sebagai tersangka, jika memang ijin tersebut diperlukan sesuai peraturan perundang-undangan;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 298, "width": 423, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Memberhentikan sementara dari jabatannya , terhadap Pejabat yang terlibat perkara korupsi, berstatus sebagai tersangka/terdakwa, dan dilakukan penahanan oleh aparat penegak hukum, sampai dengan adanya keputusan yang mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap (incracht) dari pengadilan atau resmi dinyatakan dihentikan proses hukumnya oleh aparat penegak hukum;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 376, "width": 423, "height": 65, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Menjatuhkan sanksi administratif sesuai dengan PP No. 30/1980 tentang Disiplin PNS, terhadap Pejabat/Pegawai yang telah mendapatkan vonis bersalah dari pengadilan, atau jika terbukti adanya pelanggaran disiplin PNS, meskipun Pejabat/Pegawai tersebut mendapatkan vonis bebas dari pengadilan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 440, "width": 432, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan SE Menpan di atas, penafsiran hukum Pemerintah (Kemenpan) pada saat itu adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 466, "width": 419, "height": 207, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Terhadap Pejabat/Pegawai yang telah mendapatkan vonis bersalah dari pengadilan, menjatuhkan sanksi administratif sesuai dengan PP No. 30/1980. Dengan demikian, penjatuhan sanksi administratif terhadap PNS pondasinya diletakkan pada diskresi PPK, sesuai dengan karakteristik yuridis sanksi administratif. PPK yang menilai dan mempertimbangkan, apakah akan menjatuhkan hukuman disiplin ringan, sedang, atau berat dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS melakukan hal tersebut dan memperhatikan berat ringannya hukuman pidana yang dijatuhkan. Agak kurang dapat diterima dengan logika, dan saling kontradiksi, jika maksud Pasal 23 ayat (5) UU PPK dimaknai “harus” diberhentikan dengan tidak hormat. Sebab, jika ini yang dimaksudkan, maka dalam SE Menpan poin ketiga seharusnya menyatakan: “ memberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS terhadap Pejabat/Pegawai yang telah mendapatkan vonis bersalah dari pengadilan ”. Sebab, konteks diterbitkannya SE ini adalah tentang Perlakuan Terhadap Pejabat yang Terlibat KKN.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 673, "width": 418, "height": 90, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Perlakuan terhadap PNS yang dijatuhi hukuman pidana karena melakukan tindak pidana korupsi tidak harus dilakukan PTDH PNS, menjadi pemahaman bersama di kalangan Pemerintah. Sebab, SE ini ditujukan kepada seluruh Pimpinan Kementerian/Lembaga/Daerah. Oleh karena itu, dapat dipahami apabila dalam praktik banyak PNS yang telah divonis bersalah oleh pengadilan karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan, tidak dilakukan PTDH sebagai PNS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "166", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 95, "top": 92, "width": 432, "height": 90, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hal ini kemudian menjadi tafsiran dan keyakinan hukum Bupati Kabupaten Bangli dalam memilih tidak mengeluarkan Keputusan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M dan justru mengaktifkan Kembali dengan mengeluarkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli tanggal 24 Maret 2014 setelah yang bersangkutan menjalani hukuman pidananya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 182, "width": 298, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "II. Penafsiran Kemendagri (Kementerian Dalam Negeri)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 195, "width": 432, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tanggal 29 Oktober 2012, Mendagri menerbitkan SE No. 800/4329/SJ Perihal Pengangkatan PNS Kembali Dalam Jabatan Struktural. Dalam angka 3 SE diamanatkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 234, "width": 432, "height": 323, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut, sesuai dengan semangat reformasi birokrasi dan pemberantasan korupsi serta tindak kejahatan jabatan lainnya, maka terhadap Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang telah menjalani hukuman pidana disebabkan tindak pidana korupsi atau kejahatan jabatan lainnya agar tidak diangkat dalam jabatan struktural. Penafsiran hukum Pemerintah semakin mempertegas bahwa seorang PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan berdasarkan Pasal 23 ayat (5) huruf c UU PPK, tidak harus dilakukan PTDH PNS. Namun, PPK dilarang mengangkat PNS tersebut menjadi Pejabat Struktural. Penafsiran ini konsisten dengan SE Menpan No. SE/03/M.PAN/4/2007 di atas. Sebelum terbitnya SE Mendagri tersebut, Gamawan Fauzi selaku Mendagri berpendapat bahwa PNS yang dinyatakan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi boleh menjadi Pejabat Struktural, karena belum ada aturan yang melarang hal itu. Senada dengan Mendagri, Menpan RB Azwar Abubakar menyatakan, keputusan pengangkatan Azirwan menjadi Kepala Dinas, tidak bisa diubah. Sebab, hal itu sudah menjadi kewenangan kepala daerah dan tidak perlu pertimbangan ke Pusat. Lagi pula, undang-undang tidak mengatur itu. Terbitnya SE Mendagri No. 800/4329/SJ tanggal 29 Oktober 2012, akhirnya dapat diterima oleh kalangan akademisi dan praktisi pada saat itu, sebagai jalan tengah kebijakan sebelumnya yang membolehkan PNS yang pernah melakukan tindak pidana korupsi diangkat menjadi pejabat struktural. hal ini kemudian sejalan dengan Keputusan yang dikeluarkan oleh Bupati Kabupaten Bangli Nomor 821.2/5685/BKD tanggal 11 Desember 2014 tentang Pengangkatan Pertama Kali Dalam Jabatan Fungsional dan Angka Kredit Perencana ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 557, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "III. Penafsiran BKN (Badan Kepegawaian Negara)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 95, "top": 570, "width": 432, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tidak lama berselang setelah terbitnya SE Mendagri, BKN menerbitkan SE No. K.26- 30/V.3262/94 tanggal 20 November 2012 Perihal PNS yang dijatuhi hukuman pidana. Dalam angka 2 SE, ditegaskan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 608, "width": 432, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan, atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan dan telah dijatuhi hukuman berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap, diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 660, "width": 167, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "IV. Penafsiran Norma Hukum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 673, "width": 432, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persoalan mendasar yang harus dijawab adalah, apakah PNS yang melakukan pelanggaran sebagaimana dimaksud Pasal 23 ayat (5) UU PPK harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, kembali dikutip rumusan Pasal 23 ayat (5):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "167", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 92, "width": 360, "height": 108, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 23 Ayat 5 Penjelasan PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat , karena : a. melanggar Sumpah/Janji PNS dan Sumpah/Janji Jabatan selain pelanggaran sumpah/jani PNS dan Sumpah/Janji PNS karena tidak setia kepada Pancasila, UUD 1945,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 200, "width": 134, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Negara dan Pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 220, "width": 217, "height": 65, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. melakukan penyelewengan terhadap pensiun ideologi Negara, Pancasila, UUD 1945 atau terlibat dalam kegiatan yang menentang Negara dan Pemerintah; atau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 219, "width": 427, "height": 178, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan suatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat tidak berhak menerima pensiun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 405, "width": 422, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis normatif terhadap rumusan Pasal 23 ayat (5) sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 418, "width": 419, "height": 284, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Dalam Pasal 23 ayat (5) dan Penjelasan, tidak ada frasa harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat. Tidak digunakannya kata harus dapat dipahami. Pertama, pelanggaran atas norma huruf a merupakan pelanggaran norma hukum administrasi. Sebelum menjatuhkan PTDH terhadap PNS yang dinyatakan “melanggar Sumpah/Janji PNS dan Sumpah/Janji Jabatan”, harus dilakukan pemeriksaan yang mendalam. Demikian pula pelanggaran norma huruf b. Kapan suatu PNS dikatakan secara nyata melakukan penyelewengan terhadap ideologi Negara, Pancasila, UUD 1945, dibutuhkan pula pemeriksaan mendalam. Hasil pemeriksaan atas pelanggaran ayat (5) huruf a dan b yang dapat menyimpulkan apakah terhadap PNS tersebut dijatuhi hukuman: (a) PTDH PNS; (b) PDH PNS Tidak Atas Permintaan Sendiri; atau (c) Dijatuhkan hukuman disiplin tingkat ringan, sedang, atau berat sesuai PP No. 30 Tahun 1980 (telah diganti dengan PP No. 53/2010). Ketiga, dengan demikian, tidak boleh norma huruf c ditafsirkan secara parsial sehingga menjadi norma wajib. Sebab, rumusan huruf c “PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau yang ada hubungannya dengan j abatan” termasuk dalam rumpun Pasal 23 ayat (5). Dari sisi teknik pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan, jika Pembentuk UU menginginkan norma ayat (5) huruf c menjadi wajib/harus, maka harus dijadikan Pasal tersendiri. Tidak boleh digabung dengan rumusan ayat (5) huruf a dan huruf b", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 702, "width": 418, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Original intend pembentuk UU PPK atas pelanggaran norma Pasal 23 ayat (5) khususnya huruf c bukan norma bersifat wajib/harus, semakin terlihat jelas dengan dihapuskannya penjelasan Pasal 23 ayat (4) huruf a UU No. 8/1974, sebagaimana disajikan pada tabel berikut:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "168", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 92, "width": 447, "height": 190, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasal 23 Ayat (4) huruf a Undang- Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian Pasal 23 Ayat (5) huruf c Undang- Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok- Pokok Kepegawaian PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena dihukum penjara atau kurungan, berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 165, "width": 218, "height": 117, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PNS diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena dihukum penjara atau kurungan, berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang sudah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 290, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 311, "width": 223, "height": 220, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada dasarnya jabatan yang diberikan kepada seorang Pegawai Negeri Sipil adalah merupakan kepercayaan dari Negara yang harus dilaksanakan dengan sebaik-baiknya. Apabila seorang Pegawai Negeri Sipil dihukum penjara atau kurungan berdasarkan keputusan pengadilan yang telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum yang tetap karena melakukan sesuatu tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang berhubungan dengan jabatan atau pekerjaannya, maka Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang bersangkutan harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat karena telah menyalahgunakan kepercayaan yang diberikan kepadanya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 382, "top": 290, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penjelasan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 311, "width": 218, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat tidak berhak menerima pensiun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 539, "width": 441, "height": 65, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implikasi hukum dihapuskannya penjelasan Pasal 23 ayat (4) huruf a khususnya frasa harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat, menyebabkan penjelasan tersebut menjadi tidak berlaku . Implikasi selanjutnya, Penjelasan Pasal 9 huruf a PP No. 32/1979 yang mengambil alih rumusan Pasal 23 ayat (4) huruf a menjadi tidak berlaku .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 604, "width": 419, "height": 103, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Bahwa ketentuan Pasal 23 ayat (5) huruf c bukan norma wajib, telah dikukuhkan melalui Putusan MA Nomor No. 01/K/TUN/2012 tanggal 21 September 2012 dalam perkara Sisminardi dkk., melawan Walikota Surabaya. Walau Sisminardi dkk. terbukti secara sah dan meyakinkan melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan berdasarkan putusan PBHT, namun MA membatalkan Keputusan PTDH PNS oleh Walikota Surabaya. Putusan MA ini kemudian menjadi yursisprudensi tetap . MA mempertimbangkan tiga hal sebelum mengambail putusan, yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 707, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a) Para Penggugat sudah mengabdikan dirinya cukup lama sebagai PNS;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 135, "top": 733, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b) Para Penggugat hanya merupakan korban sistem yang buruk dalam birokrasi Dinas Perhubungan Kota Surabaya, dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "169", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 135, "top": 92, "width": 391, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c) Para Penggugat dijatuhi pidana penjara yang cukup ringan selama 10 bulan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 117, "width": 441, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan yurisprudensi tetap Mahkamah Agung, PNS yang dinyatakan bersalah melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan, tidak harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 156, "width": 419, "height": 78, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Keyakinan hukum PPK bahwa original intend Pembentuk UU memang memberikan diskresi untuk mengenakan sanksi terhadap PNS, terbukti dari tidak seluruh PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan dilakukan PTDH. Berdasarkan data yang dipublikasi BKN, dari 2.357 PNS yang tidak dilakukan PTDH, tersebar di instansi Pusat dan Daerah, termasuk di lingkungan Mahkamah Agung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 234, "width": 455, "height": 297, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Telah dikemukakan bahwa Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. yang telah selesai menjalani hukuman penjara karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, bertolak dari penafsiran dan keyakinan hukum pada saat itu bahwa diberhentikan dengan hormat , atau diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri , atau tidak diberhentikan dengan dan atau tanpa dikenakan hukuman disiplin, sangat tergantung pada faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS yang bersangkutan melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan itu. serta berat ringannya putusan pengadilan yang dijatuhkan. Dalam kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M, yang bersangkutan pada waktu itu menjabat selaku PJ. Camat Kintamani, yang ditugaskan berdasarkan Surat Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor : 821.2/235/Kepeg tanggal 19 Januari 2006. Dimana Kepala Seksi Pemerintahan Kecamatan Kintmanai bernama Priat Eko Purwo terlibat kasus tindak pidana korupsi proyek prona (program nasional) persertifikatan tanah dan telah dijatuhi hukuman 1 (satu) tahun penjara, dan oleh karena I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M adalah selaku atasannya dianggap ikut serta terlibat dalam kasus prona tersebut sehingga ikut diadili dan telah dijatuhi hukuman oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor : 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps, tanggal 6 Mei 2013, dalam amar putusan tidak ada kerugian negara dan denda . Berdasarkan keyakinan hukum tersebut, Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS yang telah selesai menjalani hukuman karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan adalah sah secara hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 455, "height": 90, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam Teori Lingkungan keberlakuan hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Hans Kelsen, terdapat empat macam lingkungan keberlakuan hukum yang kemudian dengan teori ini kita dapat melihat keberlakuan hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sesuai dengan rentetan peristiwa pada kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 621, "width": 313, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Waktu ( Sphere of Time )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 634, "width": 437, "height": 129, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setiap aturan hukum hanya berlaku untuk suatu masa tertentu saja, dengan kata lain tidak ada aturan yang abadi. Salah satu keterbatasan hukum mengenai keberlakuan hukum adalah soal waktu. Suatu peraturan perundang- undangan terdapat waktu masa berlakunya, undang-undang tersebut tidak berlaku sebelum undang-undang dibuat, ataupun setelah undang-undang dicabut atau digantikan. Dalam mengaktifkan kembali ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. yang telah selesai menjalani hukuman penjara karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, PPK kemudian tidak memberhentikan tidak dengan hormat ASN yang bersangkutan karena tafsiran hukum pemerintah dan keyakinan hukum pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "170", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 92, "width": 437, "height": 491, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "saat itu.. Dengan melihat keberlakuan hukum menurut waktu, Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian ini dicabut dengan Undang-Undang Aparatur Sipil Negara sejak aturan ini diundangkan pada tanggal 15 Januari 2014. Jadi sebelum tanggal 15 Januari 2014, Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian masih berlaku dan memiliki kekuatan hukum dan setelah tanggal 15 Januari 2014 Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian tidak berlaku dan tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum. Dengan melihat peristiwa yang terjadi pada ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. yang telah dijatuhi hukuman pidana oleh Pengadilan Tinggi Denpasar selama 1 (satu) tahun 6 (enam) bulan berdasarkan Putusan Nomor: 22/Pid.Sus/2013/PT.Dps, tanggal 6 Mei 2013, maka sudah tepat PPK dengan tafsiran hukum dan keyakinan hukum pada saat itu memilih untuk tidak melakukan Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat terhadap ASN yang dimaksud. Tetapi dengan melihat Keputusan pengaktifan Kembali ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M dengan Keputusan Bupati Bangli Nomor 824.3/745/BKD tentang Penempatan Pegawai Negeri Sipil Di Lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bangli tanggal 24 Maret 2014, kemudian di tahun yang sama Bupati Kabupaten Bangli juga mengeluarkan Keputusan Bupati Kabupaten Bangli Nomor 821.2/5685/BKD tanggal 11 Desember 2014 tentang Pengangkatan Pertama Kali Dalam Jabatan Fungsional dan Angka Kredit Perencana ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, AP., M.M. masih menggunakan tafsiran hukum dan keyakinan hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian dan Surat Edaran No. 800/4329/SJ Perihal Pengangkatan PNS Kembali Dalam Jabatan Struktural. Padahal jika disesuaikan dengan keberlakuan hukum menurut waktu, Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sudah dicabut dan dinyatakan tidak berlaku. Hal ini dikarenakan faktor adanya transisi hukum antara keberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian dan UU ASN. Kemudian, aturan terkait pengaktifan kembali ASN belum sepenuhnya diatur di UU ASN dan baru kemudian diatur secara eksplisit pada Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS. Hal Ini diperkuat di dalam Pasal 139 UU ASN yang menyatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 583, "width": 437, "height": 129, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "” Pada saat Undang-Undang ini mulai berlaku, semua peraturan perundang-undangan yang merupakan peraturan pelaksanaan dari Undang- Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian (Lembaran Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1974 Nomor 55, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik lndonesia Nomor 3041) sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang- Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian (Lembaran Negara Republik lndonesia Tahun 1999 Nomor 169, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Republik lndonesia Nomor 3890) dinyatakan masih tetap berlaku sepanjang tidak bertentangan dan belum diganti berdasarkan Undang Undang ini ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 712, "width": 323, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Ruang ( Sphere of Space )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 725, "width": 436, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberlakuan hukum menurut ruang identik dengan tempat atau wilayah keberlakuan hukum itu sendiri. Berlakunya hukum dibatasi dalam wilayah tertentu saja dan tidak berlaku di tempat lain. Sama halnya dengan Undang-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "171", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 92, "width": 437, "height": 51, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian dan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014, kedua aturan ini sama-sama berlaku secara nasional yang dimana hanya berlaku di negara Indonesia saja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 143, "width": 318, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Orang ( Personal Sphere )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 156, "width": 437, "height": 207, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberlakuan hukum dibatasi kepada orang-orang tertenu saja. Tidak semua aturan hukum berlaku bagi siapa saja. Aturan perundang-undangan juga mempunyai perbedaan mengenai kepada siapa peraturan tersebut ditujukan. Secara spesifik membatasi keberlakuan hukum berdasarkan subjek hukumnya. Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok- Pokok Kepegawaian di dalamnya mengatur subjek hukum Pegawai Negeri yang terdiri atas Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan anggota Angkatan Bersenajata Republik Indonesia. Kemudian Pegawai Negeri Sipil dibedakan menjadi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Pusat, Pegawai Negeri Sipil Daerah, dan Pegawai Negeri Sipil lain yang ditetapkan dengan Peraturan Pemerintah. Sedangkan untuk Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara, subjek hukumnya adalah Aparatur Sipil Negara yang terdiri dari Pegawai Negeri Sipil dan Pegawai Pemerintah dengan Perjanjian Kerja, Kementerian dan Lembaga Pemerintah nonkementerian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 363, "width": 325, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Keberlakuan Hukum Menurut Soal/Isi ( Material Sphere )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 376, "width": 437, "height": 155, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keberlakuan hukum menurut soal berkaitan dengan terhadap hal-hal apa atau materinya keberlakuan itu diterapkan, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian sebagaimana telah diubah dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 43 Tahun 1999 tentang Perubahan atas Undang- Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1974 tentang Pokok-Pokok Kepegawaian itu berisi tentang kedudukan, kewajiban, hak, dan pembinaan Pegawai Negeri yang dilaksanakan berdasarkan sistim karier dan sistim prestasi kerja. Sedangkan untuk Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara berisi tentang manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara berdasarkan pada perbandingan antara kompetensi dan kualifikasi yang diperlukan oleh jabatan dengan kompetensi dan kualifikasi yang dimiliki dan menerapkan prinsip merit dalam pelaksanaan manajemen Aparatur Sipil Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B. Kedudukan Hukum SKB 3 Menteri Dalam Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 557, "width": 455, "height": 142, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di suatu negara hukum ( rechstaat ), pada dasarnya setiap tindakan atau keterlibatan pemerintah dalam kehidupan warga negara harus berdasarkan pada asas legalitas ( legaliteitsbeginsel ). Asas legalitas mengandung maksud bahwa penyelenggaraan pemerintahan harus berdasarkan pada peraturan perundang- undangan yang berlaku atau didasarkan pada kewenangan yang bersumber pada undang-undang. Tindakan pemerintahan yang berdasarkan asas legalitas ini oleh karenanya berkonsekuensi pada tindakan tersebut sah ( wetmatigheid van bestuur ). Setiap tindakan kekuasaan pemerintah, menurut Sir William Wade, yaitu setiap tindakan yang memengaruhi hak, kewajiban atau kebebasan setiap orang, harus ditunjukkan dasar hukumnya secara tegas ( Sir William Wade dan Christhoper Forsyth, 2000 : 20) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 699, "width": 455, "height": 64, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hanya saja, apabila mendasarkan setiap tindakan pemerintahan pada peraturan perundang-undangan juga bukan tanpa masalah. Hal ini karena, menurut Bagir Manan, adanya cacat bawaan ( natural defect ) dan cacat buatan ( artificial defect ) dari peraturan perundang-undangan sebagai suatu bentuk hukum tertulis. Sebagai ketentuan tertulis ( written rule ) atau hukum tertulis ( written law )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "172", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 258, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peraturan perundang-undangan mempunyai jangkauan yang terbatas – sekadar moment opname dari unsur-unsur politik, ekonomi, sosial, budaya, pertahanan dan keamanan yang paling berpengaruh pada saat pembentukan, karena itu mudah sekali aus ( out of date ) bila dibandingkan dengan perubahan masyarakat yang semakin cepat atau dipercepat ( Bagir Manan dan Kuntana Magnar, 1987 : 16) . Peraturan perundang-undangan yang akan dijadikan dasar tindakan pemerintah dalam kondisi tertentu dapat saja belum tersedia atau memang tidak ada ( leemten in het recht ). Di sisi lain, dimungkinkan telah ada peraturan perundang- undangan yang dapat dijadikan dasar bagi pemerintah untuk melakukan tindakan- tindakan hukum (rechtshandelingen) tetapi memuat norma yang samar ( vage norm ) atau norma terbuka ( open texture ), dan dimungkinkan pula normanya mengandung pilihan ( choice ). Norma kabur ( vage norm ) adalah norma yang pengertiannya tidak dapat ditetapkan secara persis, sehingga lingkupnya tidak jelas, sedangkan norma terbuka ( open texture ) adalah norma yang pengertian-pengertiannya memuat ciri- ciri yang dalam perjalanan waktu mengalami perubahan ( J.J.H. Bruggink, 1996 : 61 dan 68) . Dengan kata lain, norma terbuka merupakan norma yang terbuka substansi atau isinya dan harus ditentukan lebih lanjut dalam pelbagai keadaan atau norma yang isinya tidak dapat ditentukan secara abstrak tetapi sangat bergantung pada keadaan kasus di mana norma tersebut diterapkan ( Dyah Octarina Susanti dan A’an Efendi, 2019 : 147) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 454, "height": 104, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suatu keadaan di atas memicu pemberian diskresi kepada pemerintah. Diskresi atau Ermessen yaitu kebebasan untuk mengambil kebijakan ( beleidsvrijheid ), menjelaskan norma undang-undang yang samar ( uitleg van wettelijke voorschriften ), menentukan fakta-fakta ( vaststelling van feiten ), melakukan interpretasi ( interpretatievrijheid ), mengambil pilihan, dan mempertimbangkan ( beoordelings-vrijheid ) berbagai kepentingan terkait dalam penyelenggaraan urusan pemerintahan atau pelayanan publik ( F.C.M.A. Michiels, 2004 : 139-140) . Florence Heffron dan Neil McFeeley mengatakan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 454, "width": 454, "height": 90, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Discretion, then, is the leeway an administrator has, because of the imprecise nature of authorizing statutes or ragulation, to make individual decisions on interpretation, application, and/or enforcement of the law. Discretion is not only necessity, but is beneficial in a society that believe in the concept of “individualized justice”. Without discretion laws could not deal equitably with the unique facts and circumstances presented by specific case: It could not treat unequals unequally” ( Florence Heffron dan Neil McFeeley, 1983 : 44).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 544, "width": 455, "height": 103, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Dengan demikian, diskresi merupakan peluang bagi pemerintah, karena kesamaran alami undang-undang atau peraturan yang memberikan wewenang, untuk membuat keputusan secara individual berdasarkan interpretasi, implementasi, dan/atau penegakan hukum. Diskresi bukan hanya perlu, tetapi juga bermanfaat dalam suatu masyarakat yang mempercayai konsep “keadilan orang perorang atau merata”. Tanpa diskresi hukum tidak dapat diterapkan secara wajar terhadap fakta-fakta yang spesifik dan kondisi yang ditampilkan kasus tertentu: fakta yang tidak sama tidak dapat diperlakukan secara sama).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 455, "height": 117, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adanya norma terbuka dan norma samar itu sebenarnya sesuai dengan dinamikan kemasyarakat dan fungsi pemerintahan. Norma samar akan memberikan keleluasaan pengemban kewenangan untuk menyesuaikan berlakunya norma hukum positif dalam masyarakat, akan bersifat fleksibel dalam situasi dan kondisi dimana norma hukum positif tersebut berlaku ( Abintoro Prakoso, 2010 : 254) . Berdasarkan Pasal 22 ayat (2) UU No. 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan (UUAP), diskresi itu ditujukan untuk; a) melancarkan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan; b) mengisi kekosongan hukum; c) memberikan kepastian hukum; dan d) mengatasi stagnasi pemerintahan dalam keadaan tertentu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "173", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 77, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "guna kemanfaatan dan kepentingan umum. Diskresi diperlukan dalam hukum administrasi dalam rangka menyelesaikan persoalan yang peraturan perundang- undangan belum mengaturnya atau mengatur secara umum, sehingga administrasi negara mempunyai kebebasan untuk menyelesaikan atas inisiatif sendiri. Diskresi merupakan kebebasan dalam mengambil keputusan atau tindakan dalam situasi khusus ( in a particular situation ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 455, "height": 181, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketika diskresi itu dituangkan alam bentuk tertulis ( naar buiten gebracht schricftelijk beleid ), maka diskresi itu menjadi peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ). Peraturan kebijakan adalah peraturan umum yang dikeluarkan oleh instansi pemerintahan berkenaan dengan pelaksanaan wewenang pemerintahan terhadap warga negara atau terhadap instansi pemerintahan lainnya dan pembuatan peraturan tersebut tidak memiliki dasar yang tegas dalam UUD dan undang-undang formal baik langsung maupun tidak langsung. Artinya peraturan kebijakan tidak didasarkan pada kewenangan pembuatan undang-undang – oleh karena itu tidak termasuk peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengikat umum – tetapi dilekatkan pada wewenang pemerintahan dari suatu organ administrasi dan terkait dengan pelaksanaan kewenangannya. Atas dasar pengertian ini, SKB itu pada dasarnya adalah peraturan kebijakan, yaitu peraturan yang dibuat atas dasar diskresi atau Ermessen . SKB itu bukan dan tidak dapat dikualifikasi sebagai peraturan perundang-undangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 455, "height": 284, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H.D. van Wijk/Willem Konijnenbelt menyebutkan bahwa peraturan kebijakan itu secara esensial berkenaan dengan; pertama, organ pemerintahan dalam hal ini semata-mata menggunakan wewenang untuk menjalankan tindakan-tindakan pemerintahan; kedua, wewenang pemerintahan itu tidak terikat secara tegas; ketiga, memuat ketentuan umum dan digunakan untuk melaksanakan wewenang. Peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ) adalah sarana hukum ( juridische instrumentarium ) tata usaha negara yang bertujuan mendinamisir keberlakuan peraturan perundang-undangan ( algemene verbindende voorschrift ) ( Laica Marzuki, 1996 : 6) . Berdasarkan keterangan di atas, tampak bahwa mekanisme dan prosedur pembuatan dan penerbitan keputusan penjatuhan sanksi atau hukuman terhadap PNS yang melanggar Peraturan Disiplin itu telah diatur dengan peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu Pasal 23 sampai dengan Pasal 31 PP No. 53 Tahun 2010 tentang Disiplin PNS. Sedangkan penerbitan keputusan penjatuhan sanksi terhadap PNS karena melakukan tindak pidana itu berpedoman pada SKB, yang bukan peraturan perundang-undangan (regeling) tetapi peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ). Perlu ditegaskan bahwa sebagai peraturan kebijakan, SKB 3 Menteri itu sendiri bukan dan tidak dapat dijadikan dasar hukum penerapan hukuman . Dasar hukum untuk pengenaan hukuman bagi PNS itu ada pada peraturan perundang-undangan yaitu UU No. 5 Tahun 2014 tentang ASN dan PP No. 11 Tahun 2017 tentang Manajemen PNS. Adapun SKB 3 Menteri ini hanyalah pedoman penjatuhan sanksi terhadap PNS karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 455, "height": 129, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Isi SKB 3 Menteri ini hanya berkenaan dengan tata cara penjatuhan sanksi bagi PNS yang telah dijatuhi hukuman berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap. Selain itu juga terdapat pedoman pemberian sanksi bagi Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian yang tidak melaksanakan penjatuhan sanksi bagi PNS, peningkatan sistem informasi kepegawaian, optimalisasi pengawasan dan peningkatan peran Aparat Pengawas Internal Pemerintah, dan monitoring pelaksanaan Keputusan Bersama secara terpadu. SKB 3 Menteri sebagai suatu peraturan kebijakan ( beleidsregel ), seperti halnya peraturan perundang- undangan ( regeling ), mulai berlaku sejak tanggal penetapan. Sesuai dengan tanggal yang tertera di bagian akhir SKB tersebut, SKB Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "174", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi, dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Negara mulai berlaku pada 13 September 2018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 117, "width": 455, "height": 182, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehubungan dengan SKB 3 Menteri ini diterbitkan dengan tujuan yang spesifik sebagai pedoman bagi pejabat yang berwenang memberikan hukuman atau Pejabat Pembina Kepegawaian untuk mengeluarkan keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana, maka pemberlakuannya harus pula dikaitkan dengan ketentuan Pasal 252 PP No. 11 Tahun 2017. Pasal 252 PP No. 11 Tahun 2017 menentukan bahwa, “Pemberhentian sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 250 huruf b dan huruf d dan Pasal 251 ditetapkan terhitung mulai akhir bulan sejak putusan pengadilan atas perkaranya yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap”. Artinya semua putusan ( vonnis ) yang telah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap ( in kracht van gewijsde ) yang dikeluarkan sejak 13 September 2018 dan seterusnya akan dijadikan dasar dikeluarkannya keputusan ( beschikking ) untuk pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 455, "height": 233, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan sebelum 13 September 2018, tidak dapat berpedoman pada SKB tersebut. Dengan kata lain, SKB tersebut beserta turunannya apakah Surat Edaran ( circulair ), petunjuk pelaksanaan (Juklak), Petunjuk Teknis (Juknis), keputusan, ataupun lainnya, tidak dapat diberlakukan mundur ( terugwerkend ) . Pemberlakuan mundur SKB 3 Menteri tersebut akan menimbulkan beberapa masalah hukum; pertama, bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum ( rechtszekerheid ) yang merupakan salah satu asas dalam AUPB. Berdasarkan UU PTUN dan UUAP, telah jelas bahwa parameter keabsahan tindakan pemerintahan itu adalah peraturan perundang-undangan dan Asas-asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AUPB). Artinya suatu tindakan pemerintahan itu akan dikualifikasi tidak sah ( onrechtmatig ) jika bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan/atau AUPB; kedua, dengan pemberlakuan mundur itu berarti ada keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan sebelum 13 September 2018 seperti kasus ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P., M.M.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 455, "height": 155, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keputusan yang diberlakukan surut ( terugwerkend ) atau pencantuman tanggal mundur ( backdated ), tidak dapat diterapkan terhadap keputusan yang bersifat konstitutif ( beschikking rechtsscheppend ). Keputusan konstitutif dimaksud yakni keputusan yang menimbulkan atau meniadakan hak dan kewajiban yang ada dan berlaku bagi penerima keputusan. Pencantuman tanggal mundur atau pemberlakuan surut, hanya dapat dilakukan terhadap keputusan yang sifatnya deklaratoir ( beschikking rechtsvastellend ). Keputusan deklaratoir yaitu keputusan- keputusan yang tidak menimbulkan atau meniadakan hak dan kewajiban yang ada dan berlaku bagi penerima keputusan. Keputusan konstitutif yang diberlakukan mundur atau dibuat tanggal mundur akan menyebabkan keputusan itu mengandung cacat hukum ( rechtsgebreken ), yang menyebabkan keputusan tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan hukum ( rechtskracht ) untuk diberlakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 455, "height": 77, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 57 UUAP disebutkan bahwa “Keputusan berlaku pada tanggal ditetapkan, kecuali ditentukan lain dalam Keputusan atau ketentuan peraturan perundang- undangan yang menjadi dasar Keputusan” dan dalam Pasal 58 ayat (6) UU ini ditentukan bahwa “Ke putusan tidak dapat berlaku surut, kecuali untuk menghindari kerugian yang lebih besar dan/atau terabaikannya hak Warga Masyarakat”; ketiga, pencantuman tanggal mundur atau pemberlakuan surut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "175", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 181, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "keputusan pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat bagi PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan, sama artinya dengan berpedoman atau mendasarkan pada pedoman ( rechtslijn ) yang tidak atau belum ada. Hal ini tergolong sebagai “ aperte onredelijkheid ” yaitu nyata -nyata tidak masuk akal atau irrationality dalam penerbitan keputusan. Berdasarkan doktrin Hukum Administrasi, keputusan yang dibuat dengan “ aperte onredelijkheid ” atau “ irrationality ” itu dikualifikasi mengandung unsur sewenang-wenang ( willekeur ) dan harus dianggap tidak sah ( onrechtmatig ) karena melanggar asas larangan bertindak sewenang- wenang (( verbod van willekeur beginsel ) dalam AUPB) ( Indroharto, 1990 : 143) . Pemberlakuan surut SKB 3 yang merupakan pelaksanaan dari UU ASN dan PP Manajemen PNS terhadap peristiwa hukum yang diatur dalam UU No. 43/1999 selain bertentangan dengan Pasal 28I ayat (1) UUD 1945, juga bertentangan dengan AUPB, yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 273, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Bertentangan dengan Asas Kepastian Hukum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 286, "width": 455, "height": 477, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Asas Kepastian Hukum adalah salah satu asas sentral dari AUPB yang wajib dipedomani oleh Pejabat Pemerintahan sebelum mengambil Keputusan. Asas kepastian hukum adalah asas dalam negara hukum yang mengutamakan landasan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, kepatutan, keajegan, dan keadilan dalam setiap kebijakan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan. Dalam doktrin hukum administrasi, asas ini mengandung dua arti, yaitu asas kepastian hukum dalam arti materiil dan dalam arti formil. Dalam arti materiil, asas ini menghendaki adanya kepastian hukum dalam arti: Pertama, dihormatinya hak yang telah diperoleh seseorang berdasarkan suatu Keputusan Pejabat, dan Keputusan itu tidak akan dicabut kembali meskipun keputusan itu mengandung kekurangan. Dalam kasus Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat ASN atas nama I Wayan Gobang Edi Sucipto, A.P., M.M, hak yang telah dia dapatkan adalah diaktifkan kembali sebagai PNS oleh PPK. Kedua, suatu Keputusan yang telah dikeluarkan oleh Pejabat tidak boleh diberlakukan surut terhadap suatu atau keadaan objek tertentu, utamanya terhadap hal-hal yang bersifat membebankan dan merugikan pihak penerima keputusan ( S.F. Marbun, 1997 : 399-401) . Dalam arti formil, asas ini menghendaki Keputusan TUN harus berlandaskan peraturan perundang-undangan yang jelas, kuat dan tidak melanggar hukum. Artinya, bahwa ketentuan dalam Keputusan TUN harus disusun dengan kata-kata yang jelas atau tidak multitafsir/ kabur ( Cekli Setya Pratiwi, dkk. 2016 : 115) . Asas kepastian hukum dalam hukum administrasi ini berkaitan erat dengan asas legalitas dalam hukum pidana. Merujuk pada Pasal 1 ayat (2) KUHP, “ jika sesudah perbuatan dilakukan ada perubahan dalam perundang- undangan, dipakai aturan yang paling meringankan bagi terdakwa ” . Menurut van Geuns, termasuk lingkup “perubahan perundang - undangan” dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) KUHP adalah perubahan keyakinan hukum pada pembuat undang-undang ( Eddy O.S. Hiariej, 2016 : 85) . Sebagaimana telah dikemukakan, keyakinan hukum PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS yang selesai menjalani hukuman tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan telah sesuai dengan penafsiran norma hukum dalam UU No. 43/1999, yang memberikan ruang diskresi kepada PPK. Keyakinan hukum tersebut didukung pula oleh kebijakan Pemerintah yang secara tegas mengakomodir hal tersebut (lihat SE Menpan, SE Mendagri, dan Yurispruden MA di atas) yang tidak pernah dipersoalkan selama ini oleh Pemerintah maupun aparat penegak hukum. Dengan demikian Pemberhentian Tidak Dengan Hormat terhadap PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya SKB 3 Menteri yang juga merupakan aturan pelaksana dari UU ASN, yang telah diaktifkan kembali oleh PPK sebelum berlakunya UU ASN itu bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "176", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 594, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Bertentangan dengan Asas Kepercayaan dan Pengharapan Asas Kepercayaan dan Harapan sebagai salah satu AUPB melarang Pejabat (terutama Pemerintah) memberlakukan surut terhadap suatu atau keadaan objek tertentu, utamanya terhadap hal-hal yang bersifat membebankan dan merugikan pihak penerima keputusan. Keputusan PPK pada masa lalu yang mengaktifkan PNS dibuat dengan keyakinan hukum pada masa itu, telah menimbulkan kepercayaan dan pengharapan dari PNS yang diaktifkan kembali. Suatu kepercayaan dan pengharapan yang terlanjur diberikan kepada PNS hendaknya tidak dicabut kembali, meskipun ternyata terdapat kekhilafan atau kekeliruan di dalamnya (( S.F. Marbun, 1997 : 410-411) . Jika asas kepastian hukum dan asas kepercayaan dan pengharapan tidak dipegang teguh, maka Pemerintah sesungguhnya telah berubah menjadi pemerintahan yang otoriter. Tidak ada prestasi atau prestise yang dapat dibanggakan dengan melakukan PTDH PNS. Meminjam istilah Eddy O.S. Hiariej, janganlah UU Tipikor digunakan sebagai lex talionis atau hukum balas dendam, karena sudah tidak lagi sesuai dengan paradigma hukum pidana modern sebagaimana dalam konvensi PBB mengenai antikorupsi yang secara implisit menganut keadilan korektif, rehabilitatif dan restoratif ( Eddy O.S. Hiariej, 2016 : 35) . Penggunaan UU Tipikor sebagai lex talionis , dilakukan dengan membuat stigma seolah-olah PNS yang telah diaktifkan kembali oleh PPK tersebut telah merugikan keuangan negara secara nyata, atau tidak bekerja tetapi dibayar negara. Padahal, mereka sesungguhnya telah bekerja dengan baik sesuai dengan tugas dan fungsinya karena telah diaktifkan kembali sebagai PNS. Dalam perspektif inilah, asas kemanfaatan yang diusung Romli melalui Hukum Pidana berbasis Pancasila (asas tiada pidana tanpa kesalahan, dan tiada kesalahan tanpa kemanfaatan), patut dipertimbangkan. Hukum pidana berbasis Pancasila adalah hukum yang dapat menciptakan kehidupan yang damai, jauh dari konflik ( Romli Atmasasmita, 2017 : 213- 216) . 3) Bertentangan dengan Asas Persamaan Asas persamaan menghendaki dalam menghadapi kasus dan fakta yang sama, Pejabat harus mengambil tindakan (Keputusan) yang sama. Jika Keputusan/Tindakan pengaktifan kembali PNS dianggap bertentangan dengan Pasal 23 ayat (5) UU No. 43/1999 maka sanksi administratif berupa PTDH PNS bukan hanya diberikan kepada PNS, melainkan dikenakan pula kepada: Pertama, PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS. Dari perspektif UUAP, PPK melakukan pelanggaran atas ketentuan Pasal 8 ayat (2) UUAP, yaitu tidak menggunakan wewenang berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan AUPB, yang dapat dikenakan sanksi administratif ringan. Kedua, Atasan Pejabat PPK, yang tidak mencabut atau membatalkan Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS. Sebab, menurut Pasal 64 ayat (1) dan Pasal 66 ayat (1) UUAP, Atasan Pejabat memiliki wewenang mencabut atau membatalkan Keputusan PPK yang mengaktifkan kembali PNS jika dianggapnya keputusan tersebut terdapat cacat wewenang, cacat prosedur, dan/atau cacat susbstansi. Pembiaran hal tersebut dapat dikategorikan melanggar Pasal 8 ayat (2) UUAP, yang dikenakan sanksi administratif ringan. Ketiga, sanksi administratif terhadap Menpan yang menerbitkan SE Nomor SE/03/M.PAN/ 4/2007 dan Mendagri yang menerbitkan SE Nomor 800/4329/SJ.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 686, "width": 455, "height": 77, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan diskresi dan peraturan kebijakan intinya tidak boleh digunakan sewenang-wenang dan menyalahgunakan wewenang, harus masuk akal, dan memerhatikan asas persamaan, asas kepastian hukum, asas kecermatan, dan lain- lain. Di samping itu, sebagai suatu kewenangan, c.q. vrij bevoegdheid , berlaku asas “ geen bevoegdheid zonder verantwoordelijkheid dan geen verantwoordelijkheid zonder verantwoording ” (tidak ada kewenangan tanpa pertanggungjawaban dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "177", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tidak ada pertanggungjawaban tanpa kewajiban), yang dapat dituntut melalui proses upaya administratif dan peradilan administrasi. Dengan bersandar pada asas ini, pejabat pemerintahan tidak dapat mengelak dari tanggung jawab ketika kewenangan yang digunakannya itu menimbulkan kerugian bagi warga negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 143, "width": 455, "height": 156, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan ketentuan yang berlaku sekarang ini dan adanya perluasan objek sengketa melalui UUAP, terlepas dari beberapa problem hukum di dalamnya dan prosedur upaya administratif yang belum ideal, SKB 3 Menteri dan instrumen hukum sejenisnya dapat diuji. Pengujian SKB 3 Menteri dan instrumen hukum sejenisnya dapat dilakukan melalui Peradilan Administrasi atas dasar Pasal 87 UUAP dan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung No. 2 Tahun 2019 tentang Pedoman Penyelesaian Sengketa Tindakan Pemerintahan dan Kewenangan Mengadili Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum oleh Badan dan/atau Pejabat Pemerintahan ( onrechtmatige overheidsdaad ). Dasar pengujian ( toetsingsgrond ) untuk menguji dan menilai keputusan dan/atau tindakan pemerintahan tidak mengalami perubahan atau penambahan yakni tetap menggunakan peraturan perundang-undangan dan AUPB, meskipun ada perluasan objek sengketa di Peradilan Administrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 298, "width": 455, "height": 168, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SKB 3 Menteri pada dasarnya tidak bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan dan AUPB karena; pertama, dibuat dan dikeluarkan oleh pejabat yang memiliki kewenangan di bidang ASN yaitu Menteri Dalam Negeri, Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi, dan Kepala Badan Kepegawaian Negara; kedua, isi SKB 3 Menteri ini hanyalah pedoman ( rechtslijn ) penjatuhan sanksi terhadap PNS karena melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan atas dasar putusan pengadilan yang sudah memiliki kekuatan hukum tetap ( in kracht van gewijsde ). SKB 3 Menteri ini tidak memuat sanksi pidana; ketiga, dalam SKB 3 Menteri ini tidak ditemukan adanya pelanggaran terhadap AUPB. Meskipun demikian, SKB 3 Menteri ini akan dikualifikasi tidak sesuai dengan asas hukum, bertentangan dengan peraturan perundang-undangan, dan AUPB, jika diberlakukan mundur ( terugwerkend ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 466, "width": 73, "height": 15, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. PENUTUP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 480, "width": 455, "height": 243, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan original intend Pembentuk UU No. 43/1999, penafsiran Pemerintah, dan penafsiran norma hukum PTDH PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan sebelum berlakunya UU ASN, penegakan sanksi administrasinya tidak harus diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat sebagai PNS, tetapi menjadi diskresi PPK. PPK yang menilai dan mempertimbangkan, apakah akan diberhentikan tidak dengan hormat, pemberhentian dengan hormat tidak atas permintaan sendiri, atau tidak diberhentikan dengan atau tanpa penjatuhan hukuman disiplin dengan memperhatikan faktor-faktor yang mendorong PNS melakukan hal tersebut dan memperhatikan berat ringannya hukuman pidana yang dijatuhkan. SKB 3 Menteri ini merupakan peraturan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan sebagai pedoman pelaksanaan bagi PPK yang mengatur tentang pemberhentian dengan hormat atau tidak dengan hormat terhadap PNS yang melakukan tindak pidana kejahatan jabatan atau tindak pidana kejahatan yang ada hubungannya dengan jabatan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Kedua, SKB 3 Menteri itu dapat dikualifikasi sebagai instrumen yuridis yang sah ( rechtmatig ), kecuali jika diberlakukan mundur ( terugwerkend ). SKB 3 Menteri sebagai peraturan kebijakan dapat dilakukan pengujian melalui Peradilan Administrasi berdasarkan Pasal 87 UUAP, terlepas dari beberapa problem hukum di dalamnya dan prosedur upaya administratif yang belum ideal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "178", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 133, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 106, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abintoro Prakoso, “ Vage Normen sebagai Sumber Hukum Diskresi yang Belum Diterapkan oleh Polisi Penyidik Anak ”, Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, Nomor 2 Vol. 17 April 2010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 145, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminuddin Ilmar, Memaknai Kepemerintahan Yang Baik , Phinatama Media, Makassar, 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 170, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bachsan Mustafa, Sistem Hukum Indonesia Terpadu , PT. Citra Aditya Bhakti, 2016. Bagir Manan dan Kuntana Magnar, Peranan Peraturan Perundang-undangan dalam Pembinaan Hukum Nasional , Armico, Bandung, 1987.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 209, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cekli Setya Pratiwi, dkk. Penjelasan Hukum Asas-Asas Hukum Pemerintahan Yang Baik , Judicial Sector Support Program, Jakarta, 2016.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Djaenal Hoesen Koesoemahatmadja, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Tata Usaha Negara 2 , PT. Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1993.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 261, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dyah Octarina Susanti dan A’an Efendi, “ Memahami Teks Undang-Undang dengan Metode Interpretasi Eksegetikal ”, Jurnal Kertha Patrika, Vol. 41, No. 2 Agustus 2019.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 300, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Eddy O.S. Hiariej, Prinsip-Prinsip Hukum Pidana , Edisi Revisi, Cahaya Atma Pustaka, Cet ke 5, 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 326, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F.C.M.A. Michiels (red.), Staats-en Bestuursrecht Tekst en Materiaal , Tweede Druk, Kluwer, Deventer, 2004. Florence Heffron dan Neil McFeeley, The Administrative Regulatory Process , Longman, New York, 1983.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 377, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hans Kelsen, Teori Umum Tentang Hukum dan Negara , Nusamedia, Bandung, 2016. Hasim Purba, Sinkronisasi dan Harmonisasi Sistem Hukum Nasional Bidang Pertambangan, Kehutanan, Pertanahan dan, Lingkungan Hidup , Jurnal Hukum Equality, Vol.13.2008, Medan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indroharto, Asas-asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik , tulisan pada Buku Paulus Effendie Lotulung (Eds), Himpunan Makalah Asas-asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik , Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1994, hlm. 166. Lihat pula D.J. Galligan, Discretionary Power, Oxford Press University, New York, 1990.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 455, "height": 51, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "J.J.H. Bruggink, Renfleksi tentang Hukum , Alih Bahasa B. Arief Sidarta, Citra Aditya Bakti, Bandung, 1996. Johnny Ibrahim, Teori dan Metodologi Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Bayu Media, Publishing, Surabaya, Cet.Ke II, 2006.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 532, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan Ahli Eddy O.S. Hiariej dalam Putusan MK Nomor 25/PUU/XIV/2016 tanggal 8 September 2016.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 558, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laica Marzuki, “ Peraturan Kebijaksanaan (Beleidsregel) Hakikat serta Fungsinya Selaku Sarana Hukum Pemerintahan ”, Makalah pada Penataran Nasional Hukum Acara dan Hukum Administrasi Negara, Fakultas Hukum Universitas Hasanudin, Ujung Pandang, 26-31 Agustus 1996.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 610, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Marwan Effendi, Kejaksaan Republik Indonesia Posisi dan Fungsinya Dari Perspektif Hukum , Gramedia Pustaka Utama Jakarta, 2005.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 636, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muchsan, Hukum Kepegawaian , Bina Aksara, Jakarta, 1982. Padmo Wahjono, Indonesia Negara Berdasarkan atas Hukum , Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 2003.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 674, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Romli Atmasasmita, Rekonstruksi Asas Tiada Pidana Tanpa Kesalahan , Gramedia, Jakarta, 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 700, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S.F. Marbun, Peradilan Administrasi Negara dan Upaya Administratif di Indonesia , FH UII Press, Cet. III, Yogyakarta 1997.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 726, "width": 454, "height": 26, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SF. Marbun dan Moh. Mahfud MD, Pokok-Pokok Hukum Administrasi Negara , Liberty, Yogyakarta, 2000.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 49, "width": 435, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN: 2614-5030 P-ISSN: 2614-5022 Volume 7 No. 1 – April 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 780, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "179", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 92, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sir William Wade dan Christhoper Forsyth, Administrative Law , Eighth Edition, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Soerdjono Soekanto, dan Sri Mamudji, Penelitian Hukum Normatif , Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2004.", "type": "Text" } ]

07323b82-0062-f3fe-4c70-c35c92f4a88b

https://jurnal.fkip.unila.ac.id/index.php/JBT/article/download/16717/11928

[ { "left": 141, "top": 88, "width": 341, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Argument-Driven Inquiry Terhadap Keterampilan Argumentasi Siswa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 154, "top": 132, "width": 315, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ninda Ningtyas *, Neni Hasnunidah, Darlen Sikumbang Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Lampung, Jl. Prof. Dr. Soemantri Brojonegoro No. 1 Bandar Lampung e-mail: [email protected], Telp. 082282081836", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 194, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received: August 10 th , 2018 Accepted:September 12 th , 2018 Online published:September 19 th ,2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 222, "width": 397, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract: The Effect of Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) Model on Different Academic Ability of Students 'Argumentation Skills: This study aims to determine the significance of the influence of the use of Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) learning models, students' academic abilities, and the interaction between learning models and academic abilities towards student argumentation skills. The study population was all eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung. The research sample was students of class VIII.4 and VIII.5 who were selected from the population using cluster random sampling technique. The instrument used is a test of argumentation skills in the material of the digestive system in humans. Data were analyzed statistically by Ankova test and the Smallest Significant Difference test (BNT). The results showed that the ADI learning model had a significant effect on argumentation skills with a significance value of 0,000. While academic ability and interaction between the ADI model and academic ability did not have a significant effect on argumentation skills (0,314 and 0,572)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 442, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: argument-driven inquiry, argumentation skills, academic ability", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 470, "width": 397, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak: Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) terhadap Keterampilan Argumentasi Siswa Berkemampuan Akademik Berbeda: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui signifikansi pengaruh dari penggunaan model pembelajaran Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI), kemampuan akademik siswa, dan interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan akademik terhadap keterampilan argumentasi siswa. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VIII.4 dan VIII.5 yang dipilih dari populasi dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes keterampilan argumentasi pada materi sistem pencernaan pada manusia. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Ankova dan uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran ADI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000. Sedangkan kemampuan akademik dan interaksi antara model ADI dengan kemampuan akademik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi (0,314; dan 0,572).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 691, "width": 397, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: argument-driven inquiry, keterampilan argumentasi, kemampuan akademik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 181, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada saat ini bangsa Indonesia sudah memasuki abad 21, masalah-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 143, "width": 181, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masalah sosial ilmiah terus berkembang dalam lingkungan masyarakat melalui media cetak dan media lainnya. Masalah – masalah seperti ini menuntut siswa membuat keputusan pribadi dan memberikan argumentasinya agar tidak terjebak dalam isu – isu negatif yang menyebar dimasyarakat. Berdasarkan alasan –", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 267, "width": 181, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "alasan tersebut, pembelajaran di sekolah perlu membekali dan melatih siswa dengan berargumentasi. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Bell & Linn (dalam Bricker & Bell, 2008: 474) yang menyatakan bahwa dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 350, "width": 181, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pembelajaran sains perlu dimasukkan keterampilan argumentasi, karena dapat digunakan untuk membantu siswa terlibat dalam kontruksi gagasan ilmiah serta belajar tentang bagaimana cara kerja ilmiah. Pentingnya pengembangan argumentasi dalam pembelajaran juga diungkapkan oleh Osborne", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 474, "width": 181, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2004: 996) yang menyatakan penggunaan argumen adalah penting untuk mengembangkan kemampuan siswa dalam memahami serta mempraktekkan cara berdebat secara ilmiah dan valid agar dapat menguak inti pengetahuan sains. Dalam pendidikan sains, siswa harus memiliki kesempatan untuk terlibat dalam kegiatan yang mengharuskan mereka menggunakan bahasa dan penalaran sains dengan sesama siswa dan guru agar mengetahui cara membangun dan mengevaluasi argumen ilmiah (Osborne, 2004: 48). Pengembangkan kemampuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 181, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "argumentasi pada siswamemerlukan sebuah model pembelajaran yang bisa memfasilitasinya. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan guru untuk melatih keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 115, "width": 181, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "argumentasi siswa adalah dengan menerapkan model inkuiri. Menurut Hamalik (2003: 220) pembelajaran inkuiri merupakan suatu model pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa, kelompok-kelompok siswa dihadapkan pada suatu persoalan yang menuntut siswa untuk mencari jawaban atas pertanyaan-pertanyaan. Pembelajaran yang menerapkan model pembelajaran inkuiri dapat membantu siswa untuk mengintegrasikan konsep-konsep yang telah mereka ketahui sebelumnya dengan peristiwa-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 322, "width": 181, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "peristiwa yang mereka amati di laboratorium sehingaa siswa terlibat aktif dalam kegiatan penyampaian argumentasi ilmiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 377, "width": 181, "height": 384, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis angket terhadap 18 guru IPA SMP se-Kota Bandar Lampung menunjukkan bahwa guru telah menerapkan model inkuiri dalam pembelajaran IPA. Terbukti dari hasil analisis angket, didapatkan data bahwa 82% guru telah menerapkan model inkuiri dalam kegiatan pembelajaran IPA. Namun, dalam pelaksanaanya penggunaan inkuiri belum memberdayakan keterampilan argumentasi siswa. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapat Sampson & Gleim (dalam Demircioglu & Ucar, 2015: 268) bahwa beberapa guru IPA memiliki masalah dalam mengintegrasikan argumentasi dan menggunakan penyelidikan ilmiah di kelas mereka, serta melibatkan siswa ikut dalam penelitian ilmiah untuk membantu mereka memahami perkembangan konsep penting dalam sains. Argument Driven Inquiry (ADI) adalah salah satu model pembelajaran yang merupakan pengembangan dari inkuiri dan terbukti dapat mengembangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterampilan argumentasi. Menurut Sampson, dkk (2010: 219) model pembelajaran ADI merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang didesain untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami penjelasan ilmiah, belajar cara menghasilkan bukti ilmiah, merefleksikan pengetahuan ilmiah kepada siswa untuk mengembangkan metode mereka sendiri dalam memperoleh data,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 181, "height": 522, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melakukan investigasi, menggunakan data untuk menjawab pertanyaan penyelidikan, menulis, dan berpikir lebih reflektif. Model pembelajaran ADI memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk terlibat dalam argumentasi ilmiah dan peer-review. Model pembelajaran ADI merupakan model yang efektif untuk meningkatkan prestasi akademik dan keterampilan sains siswa yang dapat disesuaikan untuk kelas laboratorium (Demircioglu & Ucar, 2015: 267). Model pembelajaran ADI dikembangkan oleh Sampson & Gleim (2009: 465) sebagai model pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan siswa dengan cara melakukan penyelidikan di laboratorium sehingga siswa dapat berkontribusi melalui argumentasi ilmiah, membaca, dan menulis. Seorang guru juga harus memperhatikan perbedaan tingkat kemampuan akademik siswa di kelas, karena tingkat keberhasilan belajar seseorang dapat dipengaruhi dari kemampuan akademiknya. Kemampuan akademik dapat dikategorikan menjadi tiga kategori, yakni kemampuan akademik atas, sedang, dan bawah (Nasution dalam Muhlisin, 2016: 495). Menurut Nurmaliah (2009: 18-21) kemampuan akademik mem- pengaruhi tingkat berpikir dan siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 245, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempunyai tingkat penalaran lebih baik dibanding dengan yang berkemampuan akademik rendah. Adanya pengaruh kemampuan akademik terhadap keberhasilan belajar memberi informasi bahwadalam proses belajar mengajar juga perlu memperhatikan kemampuan akademik yang berbeda (Muhlisin, 2016: 495). Berdasarkan permasalahan yang telah diuraikan, peneliti menganggap model pembelajaran ADI dapat membekali siswa agar memiliki keterampilan argumentasi ilmiah. Hal inilah yang memotivasi peneliti untuk melakukan penelitian yang berjudul “Pengaruh Model", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 336, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) Pada Pembelajaran Sistem Pencernaan Pada Manusia Terhadap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 377, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterampilan Argumentasi Siswa SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung Berkemampuan Akademik Berbeda”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 447, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 474, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2018 di SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung. Populasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 515, "width": 181, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 13 Bandar Lampung pada semester genap tahun pelajaran 2017/2018 berjumlah 314 orang yang terdiri dari 142 perempuan dan 172 laki-laki. Seluruh populasi terbagi dalam 10 kelas. Sampel dicuplik dari populasi dengan teknik cluster random sampling (sampling klaster).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 653, "width": 181, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelompok sampel sebanyak dua kelas, kelas VIII.4 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII.5 sebagai kelas kontrol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 709, "width": 181, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan kuasi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian yaitu Pretest Postest Non Equivalent Control Group. Unit perlakuan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "digunakan adalah faktorial 2x2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 101, "width": 181, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor pertama adalah model pembelajaran, yaitu ADI dan konvensional. Faktor kedua adalah kemampuan akademik yaitu kemampuan akademik atas dan bawah. Sebagai variabel terikat adalah keterampilan argumentasi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 198, "width": 180, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Struktur desainnya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 239, "width": 181, "height": 110, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Rancangan Penelitian Faktorial 2x2 Kemampuan Akademik Model Pembelajaran ADI (M 1 ) Konven- sional (M 2 ) Atas (K 1 ) K 1 M 1 K 1 M 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 181, "height": 233, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bawah (K 2 ) K 2 M 1 K 2 M 2 Prosedur penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga tahap antara lain tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap akhir. Tahap persiapan meliputi studi pendahuluan melalui kegiatan survei di SMP se-Bandar Lampung. Kegiatan survai yang dilakukan yaitu dengan menyebar angket kepada guru dan siswa, mengobservasi pembelajaran IPA di kelas dan kelengkapan sarana laboratorium, studi literatur, studi kurikulum, menyusun RPP, membuat instrumen penelitian (soal tes keterampilan argumentasi), uji", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 587, "width": 181, "height": 149, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "validitas dan realibilitas soal, dan menganalisis hasil uji coba soal. Pada tahap pelaksanaan, kegiatan yang dilakukan yaitu memberikan tes awal (pretes) di kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Kemudian memberikan perlakuan dengan menerapkan model ADI di kelas eksperimen dan menerapkan model inkuiri di kelas kontrol. Setelah memberikan perlakuan dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 739, "width": 181, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menerapkan model ADI dan inkuiri, maka dilaksanakanlah postes.Pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahap akhir kegiatan yang dilakukan adalah mengolah data pretes dan postes serta menganalisis hasil olah data yang telah dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 143, "width": 181, "height": 245, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes keterampilan argumentasi. Tes keterampilan argumentasi berbentuk esai dikembangkan mengacu kepada the competiting theories strategy oleh Osborne, dkk (2004). Nilai validitas pada keempat soal adalah 0,651, 0,556, 0,506, dan 0,532 dengan kriteria sedang sehingga seluruh soal dinyatakan valid dan nilai reliabilitas 0,626 sehingga soal dinyatakan reliabel. Rubrik skor keterampilan argumentasi diadaptasi dari Toulmin Argumentation Pattern (TAP) berdasarkan kerangka kerja Osborne., dkk (2004) yang disajikan pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 405, "width": 174, "height": 359, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. KerangkaAnalisis Keterampilan Argumentasi Ilmiah Level Kriteria 1 Argumentasi mengandung satu klaim melawan klaim lainnya. 2 Argumentasi memiliki argumen dari suatu klaim melawan klaim lain dengan data, warrant, backing, tapi tidak mengandung sanggahan. 3 Argumentasi memiliki argumen dengan sebuah rangkaian claim atau counterclaim, data, warrant, backing dan sanggahan yang lemah. 4 Argumentasi menunjukkan argumen dengan sanggahan yang jelas dan mengandung beberapa claim . 5 Argumentasi menyajikan argumen yang diperluas dengan lebih dari satu sanggahan yang jelas.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik penskoran nilai pretes dan postes sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 398, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S = R X 100 N Keterangan : S = nilai yang diharapkan (dicari); R = jumlah skor dariitem atau soal yang dijawab benar; N = jumlah skor maksimum dari tes tersebut (Purwanto, 2008: 112). Data nilai keterampilan argumentasi diuji secara statistik menggunakan uji Ankova atau analisis kovarian pada taraf nyata 5%. Uji lanjut dengan uji BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil) pada taraf nyata 5%. Uji normalitas data dilakukan dengan One-Sample Kolmogrof Smirnov Test dan uji homogenitas data dengan Levene’s Test of Equality of Error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 226, "width": 181, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variances. Data diolah dengan menggunakan SPSS 17 for window.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 281, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 524, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Grafik nilai Pretes, Postes, dan Persentase Peningkatan Keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 538, "width": 231, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berpikir Kritis Siswa pada Model yang Berbeda", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 566, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan keterampilan argumentasi sebelum dan sesudah pembelajaran antara siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah seperti ditunjukkan pada Gambar 1. Berdasarkan Gambar 1. dapat dinyatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan nilai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 690, "width": 181, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterampilan argumentasi baik pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas maupun bawah antara skor pretes dan postes. Pada pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 566, "width": 181, "height": 190, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan model pembelajaran ADI peningkatan skor pretes dan postes pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah masing-masing sebesar 53,08 dan 51,25, sedangkan pembelajaran dengan model konvensional peningkatan skor pretes dan postes pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah masing-masing adalah sebesar 8,43 dan 5,26. Pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran ADI, kemampuan akademik, dan interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 126, "top": 313, "width": 328, "height": 148, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34,54 35,45 38 36 73,63 72,72 41,5 38 53,08 51,25 8,43 5,26 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Atas Bawah Atas Bawah", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 176, "top": 479, "width": 262, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ADI Konvensional Pretes Postes Peningkatan Linear (Pretes)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 391, "height": 277, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Uji Normalitas dengan One-Sample Kolmogorof Smirnov Test dan Uji Homogenitas dengan Levene’s Test Model Pembelajaran Kemampuan Akademik Uji Normalitas One-Sample Kolmogorof Smirnov Test Uji Homogenitas (Levene's Test) Mean Awal (Pretes) Sig Mean Akhir (Postes) Sig Sig (Pretes) Sig (Postes) ADI Atas 35,45 0,32 73,63 0,66 0,084 0,098 Bawah 35,45 0,26 72,72 0,44 Konvensional Atas 38,00 0,11 41,50 0,89 Bawah 36,00 0,38 38,00 0,11 kemampuan akademik dalam penelitian diuji dengan Ankova. Sebelum uji pengaruh dengan menggunakan Ankova, dilakukan uji asumsi yaitu uji normalitas dan homogenitas varian. Hasil uji normalitas sebaran data disajikan pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 368, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji normalitas data pretes maupun postes siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah pada model ADI maupun konvensional menunjukkan nilai signifikansi lebih dari 0,05 (sig>0,05), berarti data berdistribusi normal. Uji homogenitas data pretes dan postes memiliki nilai signifikansi masing- masing sebesar 0,084 dan 0,098,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 257, "width": 181, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berarti semua varians data adalah homogen Hasil uji Ankova pada taraf nyata 5% pada Tabel 4. menunjukkan bahwa bahwa model pembelajaran ADI berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,000 sehingga lebih kecil dari 0,05 (sig<0,05). Sedangkan kemampuan akademik dan interaksi antara model", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 409, "width": 180, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ADI dengan kemampuan akademik tidak berpengaruh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 423, "width": 181, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi masing- masing 0,314; dan 0,572 sehingga lebih besar dari 0,05 (sig>0,05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 526, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Ankova", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 119, "top": 540, "width": 370, "height": 173, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source Type III Sum of Square Df Mean Square F Sig Corrected Model 11795,48 a 4 2948,87 69,73 0,00 Intercept 1957,19 1 1957,19 46,28 0,00 Pretes 11574,39 1 11574,39 273,70 0,00 Model 20,59 1 20,59 0,48 0,49 Kemampuan Akademik 44,02 1 44,02 1,04 0,31 Kemampuan Akademik*Model 13,74 1 13,74 0,32 0,57 Error 1564,33 37 42,28 Total 151075,00 42 Corrected total 13360,11 41", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 362, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Perbandingan Rerata Nilai Keterampilan Argumentasi pada Kedua Model Pembelajaran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 115, "width": 375, "height": 522, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Pembelajaran Rerata Nilai Notasi Awal Akhir Selisih ADI 35,45 73,18 37,73 a Konvensional 37,00 39,75 2,75 b Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil uji BNT pada Tabel 5. diketahui bahwa terdapat perbedaan pencapaian keterampilan argumen-tasi antara pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model ADI dan model konvensional. Hasil uji BNT menunjukkan bahwa selisih rerata nilai keterampilan argumentasi pada model ADI dan model konvensional masing-masing sebesar 37,73 dan 2,75. Dengan demikian, pencapaian keterampilan argumentasi pada siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model ADI lebih besar dibandingkan siswa yang belajar dengan model konvensional. Hasil ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Marhamah (2017: 52) yang menyatakan bahwa level kemampuan berargumentasi siswa sebelum diberi perlakuan model ADI beradapada level 1, sedangkan setelah diberi perlakuan model ADI level kemampuan berargumentasi siswa dapat mencapai level 3. Hal tersebut karena model pembelajaran ADI dapat memfasilitasi siswa untuk melatih kemampuan berargumentasi dan kualitas argumentasi siswadalam seluruh sintaksnya terutama pada tahap penyusunan argumen tentatif dan diskusi interaktif argumentasi.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 182, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti yang dinyatakan oleh Sampson, dkk (2009: 42-45) yang menyatakan bahwa pada sesi penyusunan argumen tentatif ini", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "didesain agar siswa meninjau secara kritis suatu produk (klaim atau argumen), proses (metode), dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 184, "width": 181, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "konteks (landasan teori) dari suatu inquiry, sehingga pada sesi ini diharapkan dapat membantu siswa dalam mempelajari bagaimana aspek sosial dalam argumentasi ilmiah dengan bukti, teori atau hukum ilmiah. Pada sesi diskusi interaktif argumentasi dimana siswa dari masing-masing kelompok dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 309, "width": 181, "height": 411, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berbagi argumen dan memberi sanggahan terhadap argumen kelompok lain serta mengkritik pekerjaan orang lain untuk menentukan claim yang paling valid atau bisa diterima. Model pembelajaran ADI dirancang untuk mencapai tujuan dari penyelidikan ilmiah sebagai upaya untuk mengembangkan sebuah argumen yang mendukung penjelasan dari suatu pertanyaan penelitian (Sampson & Gleim, 2009: 465). Hasil uji BNT perbedaan rerata keterampilan argumentasi antara siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan bawah yang menunjukkan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,314 sehingga melebihi 0,05 yang artinya bahwa kemampuan akademik atas dan bawah tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap perbedaan pencapaian keterampilan argumen- tasi siswa. Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan temuan penelitian Karmana (2011: 382) yang menunjukkan bahwa interaksi strategi pem- belajaran dan kemampuan akademik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 645, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemecahan masalah. Menurut Prayitno (2010: 376) siswa akademik bawah dapat sejajar prestasi akademiknya dengan siswa akademik atas. Prestasi belajar tidak semata-mata ditentukan oleh ke- mampuan akademik siswa. Prestasi belajar lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh alokasi waktu yang diberikan kepada siswa untuk belajar. Siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah dapat sejajar prestasi belajarnya dengan siswa berkemampuan akademik atas apabila mereka diberikan waktu belajar yang mencukupi. Pembelajaran yang melatih belajar kelompok berpotensi menyediakan waktu belajar yang cukup bagi siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah. Ketercukupan waktu belajar tersebut dapat memfasilitasi kegiatan tutorial siswa berkemampuan akademik atas kepada akademik bawah. Ketercukupan waktu belajar ber- potensi mampu mensejajarkan prestasi belajar siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah dan atas. Hasil uji BNT interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan kemampuan akademik terhadap keterampilan argumentasi siswa dapat diketahui bahwa keterkaitan kemampuan akademik dengan model pembelajaran ADI tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan argumentasi dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,572 sehingga melebihi 0,05. Hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian Nurrahman (2018: 10) yang membuktikan bahwa tidak ada interaksi antara pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran ADI dengan kemampuan akademik terhadap keterampilan argumentasi siswa pada materi zat aditif dan adiktif.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 358, "top": 88, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterampilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 521, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "argumentasi pada siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi dan siswa berkemampuan akademik bawah memberikan hasil pencapaian belajar yang sama dengan model pembelajaran ADI pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model pem- belajaran ADI sangat efektif untuk meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi siswa baik pada siswa berkemampuan akademik atas maupun bawah. Menurut Waraouw (2009: 7) interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kemampuan akademik bisa memperkecil jarak perolehan hasil belajar siswa berkemampuan akademik atas dan siswa berkemampuan bawah. Lebih lanjut Wulaningsih (2012: 49) me- nyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran yang melatih pembelajaran ber- kelompok dapat meningkatkan pretasi belajar siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi, begitu pula pada siswa berkemampuan akdemik rendah. Sementara Sampson, dkk (2012: 1) mengemukakan bahwa model pembelajaran ADI dirancang untuk membuat kegiatan laboratorium lebih edukatif bagi siswa karena siswa diberi kesempatan untuk berdiskusi dan kemudian memikirkan apa yang mereka ketahui dan apa yang telah mereka pelajari selama di laboratorium. Karakteristik model pem-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 612, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "belajaran ADI memungkinkan siswa berkemampuan akademik tinggi dan akademik rendah untuk berikteraksi menemukan, mengevaluasi, dan menggunakan sumber daya yang disediakan untuk dapat bekerjasama di dalam suatu kelompok dengan melibatkan kemampuan komunikasi baik secara lisan dan tertulis. Model pembelajaran ADI sangat bermanfaat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 181, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagi siswa yang heterogen, dengan menonjolkan interaksi dalam kelompok. Sehingga model pembelajaran ADI efektif untuk diterapkan di kelas pada siswa dengan kemampuan akademik berbeda.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 208, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 236, "width": 181, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pencapaian keterampilan argumen- tasi antara siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 318, "width": 181, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ADI dan model konvensional. Pencapaian keterampilan argumen- tasi pada siswa yang belajar dengan menggunakan model ADI lebih tinggi dibandingkan siswa yang belajar dengan model konvensional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 401, "width": 181, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran ADI dalam meningkatkan keterampilan argumentasi siswa tidak dipengaruhi kemampuan akademik dan peningkatan keterampilan argumentasi siswa kemampuan akademik tinggi tidak berbeda secara signifikan dengan siswa kemampuan akademik bawah.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 567, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR RUJUKAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 594, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bricker, L. A., & Bell, P. 2008. Terjemahan Conceptualiza- tions of Argumentation from", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 88, "width": 355, "height": 628, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Science Studies and The Learning Sciences and Their Implications for the Practices of Science Education. Bekasi: Kencana Pranada Group. Demircioglu, T., & Ucar, S. 2015. Investigating the Effect of Argument Driven Inquiry in Laboratory Instruction. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice. 15(1): 267-283.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 198, "width": 181, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hamalik, O. 2003. Proses Belajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 365, "top": 212, "width": 145, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengajar. Jakarta: PT. Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 253, "width": 180, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karmana, I. W. 2011. Strategi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 267, "width": 181, "height": 149, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran, Kemampuan Akademik, Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah, dan Hasil Belajar Biologi. Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Mataram. 17(5): 378-386. Marhamah, Ofi. S., Ilah, N., & Ina, S. 2017. Penerapan Model Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) dalam Meningkatkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 372, "top": 419, "width": 138, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan Berargumen- tasi Siswa pada Konsep Pencemaran Lingkungan di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Ciawigebang. Jurnal Pe- ngajaran MIPA. 9(2): 46-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 502, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 529, "width": 180, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhlisin, A. 2016. Improving Critical Thinking Skills of College Students Through RMS Model for Learning Basic Concepts in Science. Asia Pasific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching. 17 (1): 1-20. Nurmaliah, C. 2009. Analisis Keterampilan Metakognisi Siswa SMP Negeri di Kota Malang Berdasarkan Ke- mampuan Awal, Tingkat Kelas, dan Jenis Kelamin.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 88, "width": 145, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Biologi Edukasi. 1(2): 18-21.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 129, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurrahman, A. 2018. Efektivitas Model Pembelajaran ADI dalam Meningkatkan Ke-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 170, "width": 145, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terampilan Argumentasi Siswa Berdasarkan Ke- mampuan Akademik. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajar- an Kimia. Bandar Lampung.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 239, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7(2): 1-13.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 267, "width": 181, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Osborne, J., Erduran, S., & Simon, S. 2004. Enhancing The Quality of Argumentation in School", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 308, "width": 145, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching. 41(10): 994 – 1020.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 364, "width": 181, "height": 300, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purwanto, N. 2008. Prinsip-prinsip dan Teknik Evaluasi Pengajaran. Bandung: Remaja Rosda Karya. Prayitno. 2010. Potensi Pembelajaran Kooperatif Dalam Memberdayakan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Under Achievment (Upaya Men- sejajarkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Akademik Bawah Dengan Siswa Akademik Atas). Surakarta: Universitas Sebelas Maret. Sampson & Gleim. 2009. Argument- Driven Inquiry To Promote the Understanding of Important Concepts and Practices in Biology. The American Biology Teacher.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 667, "width": 29, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "71(8).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 695, "width": 181, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampson, V., Grooms, J., & Walker, J. P. 2010. 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Pengaruh Kebiasaan Belajar dan Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Prestasi Belajar pada Kompetensi Mengelola Kartu Aktiva Tetap Siswa Kelas XI Program Keahlian Akuntansi SMK Muhammadiyah Cawas Tahun Ajaran 2011/2012. Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Pendidikan Akuntansi FE UNY.", "type": "Table" } ]

138143c0-dc37-44f2-b7f4-12d1f4c229b3

https://jurnal.unived.ac.id/index.php/prof/article/download/3411/2739

[ { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 | 487", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 107, "top": 87, "width": 400, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Di Kelurahan Rabadompu Barat Kecamatan Raba Kota Bima", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 130, "width": 185, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Iptidayah 1) ; Taufik Irfadat 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 143, "width": 245, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1, 2) Ilm u Administrasi Negara , Universitas Mbojo Bima Email: 2) [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 523, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 543, "width": 470, "height": 112, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan suatu aktifitas untuk memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku orang lain agar mereka mau diarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu serta merupakan proses atau rangkaian kegiatan yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lain, meskipun tidak mengikuti rangkaian sistematis rangkai itu bêrisi kegiatan menggerakan membimbing, mengarahkan, dan mengawasi orang lain dalam berbuat sesuatu baik secara perseorangan ataupun bersama-sama. Seluruh kegiatan itu dapat disebut sebagai usaha mempengaruhi perasaan, pikiran, dan tingkah laku orang lain ke arah pencapaian tujuan. Oleh karena itu, kepemimpinan juga merupakan proses interaksi antar seseorang (pemimpin) dengan sekelompok orang lain yang menyebabkan orang seorang atau kelompok berbuat sesuatu yang dikehendaki pemimpin, dalam mempengaruhi bawahannya agar mereka mau melaksanakan sesuatu sesuai keinginan pemimpinnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 658, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mendukung keberhasilan kegiatan penggerakan yang dilakukan oleh pemimpin perlu diciptakan suatu iklim organisasi yang sehat karena dapat mendorong pegawai dan masyarakat atau siapa saja yang terlibat dalam proses kerja sama untuk mencapai suatu taraf produktivitas dan kepuasan kerja yang tinggi. Pemimpin yang tidak memperhatikan aspek tersebut tidak akan memotivasi bawahannya untuk memperoleh suatu tingkatan perkembangan yang lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 715, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor motivasi dalam rangka penggerakan bawahan sangat dipengaruhi oleh corak iklim organisasi. Secara gamblang corak iklim organisasi bisa terwujud menjadi dua sifat esensial yakni bersifat mengekang bagi individu dan yang dapat memberikan rangsangan atau dorongan bagi individu dalam menggapai tingkat produktivitas yang tinggi. Dari sudut manajemen tingkat produktivitas itu dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 183, "width": 74, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE HISTORY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 194, "width": 117, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received [115 November 2022] Revised [30 November 2022] Accepted [19 Desember 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 183, "width": 41, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 214, "top": 192, "width": 318, "height": 154, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan suatu aktifitas untuk memberikan pengaruh terhadap perilaku orang lain agar mereka mau diarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu serta merupakan proses atau rangkaian kegiatan yang saling berhubungan satu dengan yang lain, meskipun tidak mengikuti rangkaian sistematis rangkai itu bêrisi kegiatan menggerakan membimbing, mengarahkan, dan mengawasi orang lain dalam berbuat sesuatu baik secara perseorangan ataupun bersama-sama. Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuatnitatif, metode ini dipilih karena memang Berdasarkan pada objek penelitian yang dimaksud, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kepemimpinan kelurahan dalam menstimulasi masyarakat dan mengembangkan kelurahan, adapun jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah saampel 30 responden dan jumlah populasi adalah seluruh masyarakat Kelurahan Rabadompu Barat Kota Bima adapn hasil penelitian adalah Surplus produksi pertanian sebagai kelebihan dari kebutuhan keluarga petani di jual untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang bukan primer. kesehatan masyarakat dengan memberdayakan individu, keluarga dan masyarakat agar menumbuhkan perilaku hidup sehat sebagai seorang motivator di kelurahan merupakan sesuatu hal yang penting dimana, peran atau sumbangsih tenaga dan pikiran dari seorang pemimpin untuk memberikan sebuah motivasi bagi masyarakatnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 357, "width": 48, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 366, "width": 323, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Leadership is an activity to influence the behavior of other people so that they want to be directed to achieve certain goals and is a process or series of activities that are interconnected with one another, even though they do not follow a systematic sequence, the series contains activities to move, guide, direct, and supervise other people in doing something either individually or together. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive, this method was chosen because it is based on the research object in question, the purpose of this study is to determine the role of village leadership in stimulating the community and developing the village, while the number of respondents in this study is a sample of 30 respondents and the total population is the entire community of West Rabadompu Village, Bima City, while the results of the study are surplus agricultural production as excess of the needs of farming families that are sold to meet non-primary needs. public health by empowering individuals, families and communities to foster healthy living behavior as a motivator in the village is something important where, the role or contribution of the energy and mind of a leader to provide a motivation for the community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 261, "width": 50, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KEYWORDS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 270, "width": 119, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan, motivasi, dan pembangunan .", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 395, "width": 115, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC –BY-SA license", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "488 | Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikembangkan oleh pimpinan dengan jalan mengurangi atau menghilangkan ketegangan-ketegangan atau sebaliknya dengan cara memperkuat faktor-faktor yang dapat memberikan dorongan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 96, "width": 471, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemimpin sendiri harus pandai memberikan panutan kepada bawahan dan masyarakatnya bahwa ia juga sebenarnya merupakan personil yang memerlukan kerjasama dan bantuan dari orang lain. Oleh sebab itu, pemimpin mengusahakan suatu tempat kerja yang menyenangkan, sehat dan penuh kemudahan bagi para personil untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan yang ditentukan dengan lancar, amam, dan bergairah. Menanamkan dan memupuk perasaan bersatu dilkalangan masyarakat dan aparaturnya, sehingga akan timbul rasa kebersamaan dan jiwa gotong royong dalam membangun kelurahan dan lingkungannya. Semangat ini dapat ditimbulkan melalui usaha-usaha: memberikan penghargaan terhadap bawahan sesuai dengan prestasi yang dicapai, dapat pula dilakukan dengan menunjukkan sikap terbuka, obyektif dan tidak menganak emas kan pihak-pihak tertentu. Sewaktu-waktu bisa pula diciptakan melalui aktifitas-aktifitas sosial seperti melakukan kerja bakti untuk membersihkan lingkungan dan fasilitas-fasilitas umum seperti tempat ibadah dan saluran-saluran air.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 222, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Guna mengubah suatu karakter pegawai dan masyarakat yang pasif menuju kepegawai dan masyarakat yang aktif, kreatif, dinamis, dan partisipatif diperlukan peranan seorang pemimpin yang dalam tulisan ini yakni kepala kelurahan dengan menerapkan fungsi kepemimpinan dengan menggunakan gaya kepemimpinan yang tepat sebagai inovator dan motivator dalam melaksanakan pembangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 280, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan pembangunan pada hakikatnya adalah untuk membawa kesejahteraan bagi seluruh rakyat, sehingga tidak ada lagi perbedaan-perbedaan yang terlalu mencolok dalam setiap sisi kehidupan. Tapi sampai saat ini apa yang menjadi tujuan dan cita-cita pembangunan tersebut masih banyak yang belum bisa dicapai. Ini disebabkan keadaan geografis negara indonesia yang terdiri dari beberapa pulau keadaan ini sangat menyulitkan untuk dilakukannya pemerataan pembangunan disegala bidang. Disamping itu juga adanya perbedaan sumber daya baik itu dari segi sumber daya manusia maupun sumber daya alam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam era pembangunan dewasa ini, pembangunan dapat diartikan sebagai usaha sadar dalam merubah tatanan masyarakat indonesia kearah yang lebih baik, baik dibidang ekonomi, sosial budaya, pendidikan , agama dan lain-lain. Pembangunan juga mengandung pembaharuan dan perubahan sosial budaya. Pembangunan daerah dan pembangunan sektoral selalu dilaksanakan dengan selaras, sehingga pembangunan di daerah benar-benar sesuai dengan potensi dan prioritas kebutuhan daerah. Dalam rangka itu semua perlu diperhatikan dan makin ditingkatkan kemampuan dan keterampilan aparat atau pengurus lembaga masyarakat yang mendapatkan kepercayaan untuk melakukan perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pemeliharaan dan pengembangan hasil-hasil pembangunan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 453, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembangunan masyarakat menelaah usaha pembaharuan sebagai tahapan-tahapan proses pertumbuhan, sebagai tahap rekonstruksi struktur atau refungsionalisasi fungsi sistem sosial. Perwujudan tahapan tersebut berupa hasil pembangunan seperti jalan kelurahan, jembatan bertambahnya anak masuk sekolah, pendapatan penduduk meningkat, listrik tersebar lebih luas, industri kecil dan sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 510, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Besarnya fungsi dan kewenangan yang dimiliki oleh lurah yang telah diatur dalam undang- undang dan diperjelas lagi dengan peraturan daerah, maka sangatlah diharapkan seorang kepala kelurahan atau pemimpin ditingkatan kelurahan ini seorang yang mempunyai wawasan dan pengetahuan yang lebih baik untuk keberlanjutan pembangunan agar tercipta masyarakat yang sejahtera, tanpa jiwa kepemimpinan yang baik dari seorang pemimpin ditingkat kelurahan segala program-program pembangunan sebaik atau sebagus apapun yang datang dari pemerintah pusat maupun daerah tidak akan bisa berjalan sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 602, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 630, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan merupakan hubungan yang ada dalam diri orang atau pemimpin, untuk mempengaruhi orang lain dalam bekerja sama secara sadar dalam hubungan tugas untuk mencapai yang diinginkan pemimpin. Inu Kencana (2003: 1) mengemukakan sebagai berikut : “kepemimpinan mengandung pengertian kemampuan dan kepribadian seseorang dalam mempengaruhi serta membujuk pihak lain agar dapat melakukan tindakan pencapaian tujuan bersama, sehingga dengan demikian yang bersangkutan menjadi awal struktur dan pusat proses kelompok“.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 699, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ordway Tead (1929) dalam Inu Kencana (2003 : 2) mengungkapkan sebagai berikut: “Kepemimpinan sebagai perpaduan perangai yang memungkinkan seseorang mampu mendorong pihak lain menyelesaikan tugasnya“. Sedangkan P. Sigors (1935) mengemukakan bahwa : “Kepemimpinan adalah suatu proses saling mendorong melalui keberhasilan interaksi dari perbedaan individu, mengontrol daya manusia dalam meng ejar tujuan bersama”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 | 489", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 71, "width": 474, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kartini Kartono (1986 : 61) mengemukakan sebagai berikut : “Fungsi kepemimpinan adalah: memandu, menuntun membimbing, membangun, memberi atau membangunkan motivasi-motivasi kerja, mengemudikan organisasi, menjalin jaringan-jaringan komunikasi yang baik, member supervise/pengawasan yang efisien, dan membawa para pengikutnya kepada sasaran yang ingin dituju sesuai dengan ketentuan waktu dan perencanaan”. Sementara Sondang P.Siagian (1999 : 47-48) mengemukakan yaitu : “Pemimpin selaku penentu arah yang akan ditempuh dalam usaha pencapaian tujuan, pimpinan selaku integrator yang efektif, rasional, obyektif dan netral“.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 153, "width": 470, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moeljarto (1995.XI) mengemukakan pembangunan sering dirumuskan sebagai proses perubahan yang terencana dari suatu situasi nasional yang satu kesituasi nasional yang lain yang dinilai lebih tinggi (Katz, 1971); dengan kata lain pembangunan menyangkut proses perbaikan (Seers, 1970, p.2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 471, "height": 91, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan menekankan pada makna “ menjadi” (being) dan “mengerjakan” (doing) dalam upaya peni ngkatan kualitas manusia, Bryant dan White (1989 : 21) mengartikan “ pembangunan sebagai peningkatan kemampuan orang untuk mempengaruhi masa depannya.” Pengertian ini mempunyai beberapa implikasi, yaitu: pertama, pembangunan harus memberikan penekanan pada kapasitas (capacity). Kedua pembangunan harus menekankan pemerataan (equity). Ketiga, pembangunan mengandung makna pemberian kuasa dan wewenang (empowerment) yang lebih besar kepada rakyat. Keempat, pembangunan mengandung pengertian kelangsungan perkembangan (sustainable) dan interdependensi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 292, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 317, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuatnitatif, metode ini dipilih karena memang Berdasarkan pada objek penelitian yang dimaksud, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran kepemimpinan kelurahan dalam menstimulasi masyarakat dan mengembangkan kelurahan, adapun jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini adalah saampel 30 responden dan jumlah populasi adalah seluruh masyarakat Kelurahan Rabadompu Barat Kota Bima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 400, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 82, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bidang Pertanian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 425, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Inovasi pemimpin di bidang pertanian ini sangat penting Karena bidang pertanian ini mempunyai peranan tradisional:menghidupi keluarga petani. Surplus produksi pertanian sebagai kelebihan dari kebutuhan keluarga petani di jual untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang bukan primer. Dalam kondisi melarat petani akan menjual produksi protein untuk memenuhi kebutuhan karbohidrat. Dalam kondisi cukup baik, petani akan menjual produksi makanan yang berlebihan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan yang bukan primer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 482, "width": 470, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bidang pertanian ini inovasi seorang kepala kelurahan adalah bagaimana dalam kepemimpinannya bisa merubah pola dari cara bertani secara tradisional kearah cara bertani yang modern. Peranan seorang kepala kelurahan disini sangat di butuhkan karena inovasi dari seorang pemimpin sangatlah penting guna terciptanya kesejahteraan masyarakat yang kesehariannya bergelut di bidang pertanian, selain itu kepala kelurahan harus berusaha semaksimal mungkin memenuhi kebutuhan petani misalnya dalam hal penyediaan bibit, pupuk dan keperluan pertanian lainnya sebagai bentuk kepedulian seorang pemimpin untuk kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini untuk mengukur inovasi kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan Raba dompu Timur di bidang pertanian penulis mencoba membuat semacam kuisioner untuk di sebarkan kepada kepala kelurahan, aparatur kelurahan, lembaga kemasyarakatan, lembaga kepemudaan dan masyarakat umum yang telah di ambil sebagai sampel penelitian. Untuk lebih jelas tentang tanggapan responden terhadap inovasi dari kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan di dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan dapat dilihat dalam tabel berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 645, "width": 470, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 : Penilaian Responden Dalam Pelaksanaan Pembangunan Sebagai Inovator Di Bidang Pertanian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 669, "width": 430, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 19 73,19% 2 Baik 9 23,71% 3 Cukup baik 2 4,00% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 748, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "490 | Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan jawaban dari responden bahwa inovasi pertanian sebesar 73,19% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 23,71%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 4,00%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. Dapat dikatakan bahwa kepala kelurahan dalam hal inovasi di bidang pertanian ini cukup inovatif berdasarkan banyak responden yang menjawab sangat baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bidang Kesehatan Masyarakat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 153, "width": 471, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat adalah mempertinggi kesehatan masyarakat dengan memberdayakan individu, keluarga dan masyarakat agar menumbuhkan perilaku hidup sehat. Untuk mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan bukan hanya berdasarkan tingkat pendapatan melainkan juga pada tingkat nutrisi dan panjang usia (sebagai indicator kesehatan). Indicator kesehatan berdasarkan peningkatan angka harapan hidup masyarakat. Memang indicator ini terlalu banyak tumpang tindihnya dengan faktor diluar kesehatan. Dengan dikemukakannya indicator tingkat kesehatan sebagai indicator tingkat kesjahteraan, memberi bukti tentang pentingnya peningkatan kesehatan untuk pembangunan masyarakat .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 257, "width": 302, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Penilaian Responden dibidang Kesehatan Masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 269, "width": 430, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 7 9,60% 2 Baik 13 71,40% 3 Cukup baik 10 19,00% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 347, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 371, "width": 471, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa kesehatan masyarakat sebesar 9,60% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 71,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 19,00%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. Adanya pembangunan dan rehabilitasi sarana dan prasarana fisik sebagai pendukung dalam meningkatkan lingkungan yang sehat bagi masyarakat seperti perbaikan gang, pembuatan drainase atau parit , perbaikan dan pembangunan MCK, serta penyediaan sarana air bersih dan sanitasi dasar bagi masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 451, "width": 185, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memberikan Pengarahan Kepada Staff", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 463, "width": 471, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahan sebagai seorang motivator di kelurahan merupakan sesuatu hal yang penting dimana, peran atau sumbangsih tenaga dan pikiran dari seorang pemimpin untuk memberikan sebuah motivasi bagi masyarakatnya untuk lebih giat lagi berperan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahan. Peranan dari seorang kepala kelurahan dalam memberikan sebuah pengarahan yang bersifat membangun serta memicu semangat bagi masyarakatnya sangat di perlukan karna memang masyarakat dapat langsung berpartisipatif nantinya dalam setiap program yang ada di kelurahan yakni dalam hal pembangunan sehingga dapat tercipta masyarakat yang sejahtera dan menjadi masyarakat yang ulet dalam pencapaian roda pembangunan dan kepala kelurahan sendiri dapat menjadi tauladan bagi masyarakat selaku seorang pemimpin di tingkat kelurahan. Percepatan pertumbuhan suatu daerah atau kelurahan tergantung sungguh dari hasrat masyarakatnya untuk maju. Hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih sempurna, hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih baik atau hasrat untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 612, "width": 276, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Penilaian Responden dibidang Pengarahan Staff.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 624, "width": 430, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 7 9,60% 2 Baik 13 71,40% 3 Cukup baik 10 19,00% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 703, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa pegnarahan staf sebesar 9,60% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 71,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 19,00%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. adanya rehabilitasi sarana kelurahan merupakan sumber motivasi bagi mereka dalam ikut turut serta untuk membangun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 | 491", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 470, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kelurahannya dan dia berhasil dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya sebagai motivator dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memberikan Inspirasi yang konstruktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 130, "width": 470, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Percepatan pertumbuhan suatu daerah atau kelurahan tergantung sungguh dari hasrat masyarakatnya untuk maju. Hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih sempurna, hasrat untuk memperoleh yang lebih baik atau hasrat untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan. Motivasi dari kepala kelurahan ini sangat besar pengaruhnya pada bawahan dan masyarakatnya. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan peranan kepala kelurahan untuk memberikan motivasi kepada bawahan dan masyarakatnya agar lebih berperan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahan sehingga tercapai semua tujuan yang telah di tetapkan yaitu mencapai masyarakat yang sejahtera, baik secara lahir maupun bathin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 471, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepala kelurahan harus bisa memberikan suatu inspirasi kepada masyarakat yakni sebuah inspirasi yang dapat memicu semangat serta kreatifitas bagi warganya agar dalam setiap pelaksanaan pembangunan di kelurahannya dapat berjalan sesuai dengan yang di harapkan, selain itu kepala kelurahan juga harus bias menciptakan ide maupun gagasan yang dapat memberiak semangat perubahan bagi masyarakat yakni dengan cara melakukan inovasi yang sangat kreatif yang dapat menghasilkan dan menambah lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakatnya. Penulis menyebarkan kuesioner pada responden dan melakukan observasi di daerah penelitian seberapa besar perubahan pola pikir dan pola kehidupan masyarakat dari kepemimpinan kepala Kelurahan Rabadompu baratini dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan untuk memberikan motivasi pada masyarakatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 326, "width": 377, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Penilaian Responden dibidang Memberikan Inspirasi yang konstruktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 338, "width": 428, "height": 91, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 9 25,20% 2 Baik 12 51,40% 3 Cukup baik 7 23,40% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 437, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 460, "width": 474, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa memberikan inspirasi bagi masyarakat sebesar 25,20% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 51,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 23,40%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. adanya merupakan inspirasi bagi mereka dalam ikut turut serta untuk membangun kelurahannya dan dia berhasil dalam menjalankan peran dan fungsinya sebagai inspirator dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan kelurahannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 541, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hambatan Yang Dihadapi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepemimpinan dalam sebuah organisasi merupakan roda penggerak jalannya organisasi. Kepemimpinan dalam peranannya tersebut tidak terlepas dari hambatan-hambatan termaksud pula dalam melaksanakan pembangunan. Demikian pula halnya dengan kepemimpinan kepala Kelurahan Rabadompu baratKecamatan Raba Kota Bima dalam membangun kelurahan mengalami hambatan- hambatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 621, "width": 315, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Penilaian Responden Terhadap Hambatan Yang Dihadapi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 633, "width": 430, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 11 44,20% 2 Baik 12 51,40% 3 Cukup baik 6 4,40% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "492 | Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa memberikan inspirasi bagi masyarakat sebesar 44,20% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 51,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 4,40%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. adanya merupakan hambatan-hambatan yang di maksud yakni :Jalur hubungan yang kurang jelas,Fasilitas kerja yang belum memadai, Masih kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat tentang tugas dan fungsi kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan. Masih adanya masyarakat yang kurang memahami perbedaan pandangan politik di kalangan masyarakat karena kepala kelurahan di pilih secara langsung oleh kepala daerah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 176, "width": 105, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alternatif Pemecahan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menggariskan secara jelas jalur hubungan kerja dalam organisasi sehingga aparatur kelurahan dan lembaga yang ada di kelurahan dapat mengetahui sasaran-sasaran yang akan dicapai dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan yang diembankan serta mengetahui pula pada siapa harus mempertanggung jawabkan pekerjaaanya dan bila terjadi kesalahan dalam pelaksanaan tugas dapat mengkonsultasikan sedini mungkin. Disamping itu, dengan di gariskannya jalur hubungan kerja akan memudahkan pimpinan melakukan koordinasi pelaksanaan pembangunan yang di lakukan dan memudahkan untuk melakukan pengawasan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 268, "width": 470, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meningkatkan pengadaan fasilitas kerja aparatur yang ada di kelurahan sehingga dalam pelaksanaan tugas aparatur dapat berjalan efektif dan efisien.Karena bagaimanapun fasilitas kerja merupakan faktor yang menentukan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan-kegiatan organisasi pada umumnya karena memang hal semacam ini sangat di perlukan agar dapat menunjang kegiatan kerja sehingga pekerjaan dapat berjalan dengan lancer dan baik tanpa adanya hambatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 326, "width": 470, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang tugas dan fungsi kepala kelurahan sesuai dengan perundang-undangan yang berlaku agar masyarakat semakin paham dan sadar akan tugas dan fungsi dari seorang kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan sehingga masyarakat akan dengan sendirinya ikut terlibat dalam membangun kelurahannya, sehingga tidak ada lagi masyarakat yang salah paham akn suatu pembangunan yang justru dapat menciptakan serta melahirkan kesejahteraan bagi kehidupan mayarakat itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 395, "width": 470, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di berikan pemahaman bahwa perbedaan pilihan politik adalah manusiawi dan itu merupakan salah satu hak dasar atau hak asasi seseorang dalam kehidupannya, sehingga masyarakat semakin memahami apa arti dan hakikat sebenarnya dalam memilih seorang pemimpin atau kepala kelurahan. Masyarakat akhirnya akan ada rasa tanggung jawab dalam mendukung program pembangunan yang dijalankan. Karena setiap program yang ada pada pemerintahan hanyalah untuk menunjang kesejahteraan bagi masyarakat pada hakikatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 477, "width": 348, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Penilaian Responden Terhadap Alternatif Pemecahan Hambatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 490, "width": 431, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Jenis Penilaian Frekwenai Persentase 1 Sangat baik 11 44,20% 2 Baik 12 51,40% 3 Cukup baik 6 4,40% 4 Tidak baik 0 0,00% Total 30 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 587, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Olah Data Quesioner, Tahun 2022", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 610, "width": 471, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari sebaran kuesioner kepada responden tersebut, bahwa memberikan inspirasi bagi masyarakat sebesar 44,20% yang menjawab sangat baik, kemudian responden yang menjawab baik 51,40%, dan responden yang menjawab baik 4,40%, serta jawaban responden tidak baik 0,00%. Menggariskan secara jelas jalur hubungan kerja dalam organisasi, Meningkatkan pengadaan fasilitas kerja aparatur yang ada di kelurahan, Memberikan pemahaman kepada masyarakat tentang tugas dan fungsi, Di berikan pemahaman bahwa perbedaan pilihan politik adalah manusiawi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 691, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 716, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 728, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengimplementasikan inovasinya sebagai seorang pemimpin baik dalam bidang pertanian maupun di bidang kesehatan masyarakat, harus benar-benar memberikan kontribusi serta dedikasinya agar proses pelaksanaan pembangunan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan apa yang di harapkan dan juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 225, "top": 803, "width": 319, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Professional , Vol. 9 No. 2, Desember 2022 page: 487 –494 | 493", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 471, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peranan serta dukungan dari seorang bawahan dan masyarakat, Kepemimpinan kepala kelurahan dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan sebagai seorang innovator di kelurahannya cukup inovatif. pemahaman bahwa perbedaan pilihan politik adalah manusiawi dan itu merupakan salah satu hak dasar atau hak asasi seseorang dalam kehidupannya, sehingga masyarakat semakin memahami apa arti dan hakikat sebenarnya dalam memilih seorang pemimpin atau kepala kelurahan. Masyarakat akhirnya akan ada rasa tanggung jawab dalam mendukung program pembangunan yang dijalankan serta Menggariskan secara jelas jalur hubungan kerja dalam organisasi sehingga aparatur kelurahan dan lembaga yang ada di kelurahan dapat mengetahui sasaran-sasaran yang akan dicapai dalam pelaksanaan pekerjaan yang diembankan serta mengetahui pula pada siapa harus mempertanggung jawabkan pekerjaaanya dan bila terjadi kesalahan dalam pelaksanaan tugas dapat mengkonsultasikan sedini mungkin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 199, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 211, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seorang pemimpin di kelurahan harus lebih giat lagi dalam meningkatkan daya inovasinya dalam membangun kelurahan sehingga akan mempercepat pelaksanaan pembangunan di kelurahannya sehingga kelurahan yang dipimpinnya mendapatkan perubahan yang sangat signifikan serta harus lebih maksimal dalam setiap kegiatan pembangunan agar bisa terlaksana suatu peranan seorang pemimpin dalam hal pembangunan di segala bidang. memberikan motivasi bagi masyarakatnya untuk ikut berperan dalam membangun kelurahan dan kepala kelurahan harus menjadi tauladan bagi masyarakat dalam memberikan pengarahan dan inspirasi untuk membangun kelurahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 303, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 330, "width": 471, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali, Farid, 1997, Metode Penelitian Sosial dalam Bidang Ilmu Administrasi dan Pemerintah, Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 357, "width": 470, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anonim, 2002, Pedoman Penulisan Skripsi, Jurusan Ilmu Administrasi Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Negara, STISIP Mbojo-Bima, Bima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 383, "width": 452, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anonim, 1995, Format-format Penelitian Sosial : Dasar-dasar dan Amplikasi, Rajawali Press, Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 397, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Burhanuddin, 1990, Analisis Administrasi Manajemen dan Kepemimpinan Pendidikan, Bumi Aksara,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 410, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 423, "width": 453, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faisal, Sanapiah, 1981, Menggalang Gerakan Bangun Diri Masyarakat Desa, Rajawali Pers, Jakarta. Gunarya, Arlina, 1985, Wawasan Dasar Metode Penelitian, Universitas Hasanudin, Makasar. Hadi, Sutrisno, 1984, Statistik II, Yayasan Penertiban Fakultas Psikologi UGM, Yogyakarta. Inu, Kencana, 2003, Kepemimpinan Pemerintahan Indonesia, Refika Aditama, Bandung. 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Sugiyono, 1997, Metode Penelitian Administrasi, Alfabeta, Bandung. Surjadi, 1995, Pembangunan Masyarakat Desa, Mandar Maju, Bandung. Thoha, Miftah, 2000, Perilaku Organisasi : Konsep Dasar dan Aplikasinya, Raja Grafindo Persada,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 741, "width": 38, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 754, "width": 395, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tjokroamidjojo, Bintoro, 1987, Manajemen Pembangunan, CV. Haji Mas Agung, Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 366, "top": 42, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN 2407-2087 e-ISSN 2722-371X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 800, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "494 | Muhammad Iptidayah, Taufik Irfadat; Kepemimpinan Lurah Dalam. ..", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 73, "width": 342, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peraturan Daerah Kota Bima Nomor 9 Tahun 2006 Profil Kelurahan Rabadompu baratKecamatan Raba Kota Bima Tahun 2022.", "type": "Text" } ]

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http://exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS/article/download/233/143

[ { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 287, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science (JMAS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 166, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 6, No. 2, April 2023, pp 223-231", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 49, "width": 440, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online) www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS Published by: Institute of Computer Science (IOCScience)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 258, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.exsys.iocspublisher.org/index.php/JMAS", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 117, "width": 428, "height": 51, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 162, "top": 181, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana 1 , Try Wahyu Utami 2 , Lismawati Hasibuan 3 , Windari 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 203, "width": 331, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,3,4 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chung Cheng University", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 213, "width": 295, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Institute of Computer Science, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 243, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 264, "width": 431, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history: Received Apr 1, 2023 Revised Apr 13, 2023 Accepted Apr 29, 2023 The study looked at manufacturing cement as an object of research. Reasons why the cement industry go the public is: 1). Manufacturing companies Cement is still very little that goes public in Indonesian; 2). Cost of goods calculation production at more manufacturing companies complex when compared to service companies.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 305, "width": 303, "height": 143, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of cost accounting information on the improvement of corporate value and responsibility to stakeholders, in the cement industry companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) period 2017- 2022. Data analysis techniques using simple linear regression analysis product correlation moment for causality test and comparative analysis k one way ANOVA independent sample for comparative test, with 5% significance level. The results showed that the cost accounting information, which is realized in the calculation of cost of goods manufactured significantly affects the increase of company value. Increased corporate value significantly influences the company's ability to fulfill its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as paying dividends to shareholders, borrowing interest expenses to creditors, hiring employees, and paying taxes to the government. This study also concludes that there are differences in firm size, dividend payout, tax burden, interest expense on cement the company goes public in Indonesia, while the salary load is not significantly different.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 328, "width": 62, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Cost accounting information; Corporate value; responsibility to Stakeholders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 299, "top": 457, "width": 217, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 92, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 418, "height": 60, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Faculty of Islamic Economics and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syekh Ali Hasan Ahmad Addary Padangsidimpuan, Jl.T. Rizal NurdinNo. Km 4, RW.5, Sihitang, Kec. Padangsidimpuan Tenggara, Kota Padang Sidempuan, Sumatera Utara 22733 Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Globalization requires companies to able to survive in competition. Wrong One attempt to survive the competition that is by maximizing value profitability of the enterprise through improvement the value of product sales. In order to sell products increase, two important things that must be the company's management is concerned with determination of the right selling price of the product and high-quality products.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The determination of the right selling price is the selling price that able to cover production costs and contain a high level of profit expected to be optimal by the entity, keeping pay attention to laws and regulations, consumer purchasing power, and ability compete with other competitors. Products that high quality is a product that meet or even exceed expectations customer satisfaction and its usefulness has a value that high, that is, the satisfaction received exceeds customer sacrifices in getting the product", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 745, "width": 442, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How manufacturing entities can produce high-quality products with competitive selling prices in the market, this is where the use of cost management techniques comes in contemporary and cost information", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMAS, Vol.6, No. 2, April 2023: pp 223-231", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "224", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "that is not distorted becomes indispensable manufacturing entities today. Accountancy the cost to manufacturing companies is a matter which is very important.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cost information used manufacturing companies in things related to activities its operations and organizational sustainability in the next period. Calculation of production costs accurate will be useful in planning and budgeting (Fauzan et al., 2021; Griep et al., 2023; A. Hardana, 2022; A. Hardana & Damisa, 2022; Windari & Hasibuan, 2022). In today's business environment this successful Strategic Organization Managing change and competition in a timely manner effective, continuously adjusting its bureaucracy, strategy, and culture to survive against shock (A. Hardana, 2018; Hasibuan, 2022; Kim & Starks, 2016; Marito et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proper budgeting will positively impact entities to perform control functions during the period certain accounting (A. Hardana, Nurhalimah, et al., 2022; Muttaqin, 2016; Nasution et al., 2022), including functions control over the production process manufacturing and sale of finished products. Maximum control over the process production with a budget production costs through the use of standards costing will avoid the entity on waste or inefficiency of production (A. Hardana, 2018; A. Hardana, Royani, et al., 2022; Lonial & Carter, 2015; Sadalia et al., 2021)..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Production cost accuracy can be generated from the selection of the right method in accumulated costs. Management techniques contemporary has introduced the method accumulated costs based on consumption activity (activity-based costing) or method ABC, which is part of the implementation activity- based management (Activity) based management) or ABM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The application of ABC and ABM is more informational cost accounting, especially production costs, which more accurate than traditional methods (Koller et al., 2015; Yana et al., n.d.). Especially when combined with the application of the just-in-time (JIT) method in management inventory, total quality management (TQM), and continuous improvement of the quality of products and services (keizen theory).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In determining the selling price, companies must pay attention to the costs of their production and the selling prices of competitors. Don’t until the selling price is unable to cover the cost of production in order to produce a good selling price inferior to competitors. Don't let it cost accounting incorrectly provides information related to production costs (cost distortion).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 441, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A product that should consume costs low production but due to the system's incorrect cost accounting in determining cost, causing cost calculation high production, thus impacting the determination of the selling price. Similarly Instead, the product should be consumes high production costs it is precisely informed at a low cost.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 442, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study looked at manufacturing cement as an object of research. Reasons why the cement industry go The public is: 1). Manufacturing companies cement is still very little that goes public in Indonesian; 2). Cost of goods calculation production at more manufacturing companies complex when compared to service companies and trade; 3). The upward trend in profit and relatively stable dividend distribution from year to year, and responded positively by the market with indicated on the stock price that relatively stable with an uptrend; and 4). Cost of goods produced as a basis determination of selling price, selling price of the product cement sold in Indonesia must competitive among three cement giant players that exists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research is a follow-up and development of (Kusuma et al., 2016) research as a roadmap common thread research in the field of cost accounting. The thing behind this study is curiosity of what the main information is. provided by cost accounting on large entities listed on the Stock Exchange Indonesia, which is in the form of calculating the cost of goods produced,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Contributing to company value and capability company in meeting its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as his ability to pay the burden interest on loans, pay salaries to employees, pay dividends to shareholders, and pay taxes to the government. (Kusuma et al., 2016) in his research concluded that there is a strong correlation between the cost of goods production against product sales on cigarette manufacturing entities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Continue the study, whether then Sales that ultimately show the value of the profitability of the company, made reference by the public in determining prices of company shares until the creation of market mechanism in IDX for the period of years 2020-2021, with more entity scope wider than ever. From here the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 30, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 786, "width": 427, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 509, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "225", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 441, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "question research then develops, whether the value high corporate is also offset by the entity's ability to meet his Responsibility to Stakeholders related to the payment of interest, dividends.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The contribution of cost accounting information according to (Fattah, 2018) includes: 1). Used to draw up operating budgets, 2). Establish the most appropriate method of cost accumulation to guarantee control, cost reduction, and continuous quality improvement. 3) Controlling the number of inventory costs, 4). Determination of selling price, 5). Evaluate the performance of products, departments, or divisions, 6). Long-term decision-making and tactical that affects the ups and downs of income and or expenses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Liu et al., 2019) certify that management information The cost required in every function Management: 1) Strategic management: for making strategic decisions on election products, manufacturing methods, techniques, marketing channels, and other things in the long term, 2). Planning and Decision Making: Transfer equipment, cash flow management, production scheduling, and so on, 3). Management and operational control: provide a reasonable and effective basis to identify operations that are not efficient, 4) Preparation of financial statements: accurate recording of inventory values and Determination of cost of goods sold.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are three skeleton models conceptual in this study. Models that first test the influence of information cost accounting on the value of the enterprise, where cost accounting information as independent variables and company value as a dependent variable (hypothesis 1). The second model examines the effect of value the Company is responsible to stakeholders, where the company values as dependent variable (hypothesis 2). Model 1 and Model 2 Using Linear Regression Analysis simple. The third model tests the differences between the three objects of study based on", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Comparison of company size over dimensions responsibility to parties Who are Interested, among others, the comparison of dividend payments, tax burden, expense interest, and salary expenses. The third model uses the K Sample Comparison Test independent one-way ANOVA (hypothesis 3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The explanation of the hypothesis used in this study is first that there is an effect of cost accounting information on firm value. Second, there is the influence of value on the company's ability to fulfill its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as paying dividends (investors), principal and interest on loans (creditors), paying employees and paying taxes (government). And third", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There are differences in company size, the amount of dividend payments, tax expenses, interest expenses for cement companies that go public in Indonesia, while there is no significant difference in the number of salary expenses. This is also supported by previous research by (A. Hardana, 2023; A. Hardana, Nasution, et al., 2022) which said there were differences in company size, dividend payments, tax burdens, and interest expenses for cement companies that went public in Indonesia. Still, there was no change in the number of compensation expenses. The same is the case with (A. H. Hardana et al., 2023; Lismawati et al., 2023; Pradika, 2022) research, who says that Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and profitability have an effect on firm value, while company size has no effect on firm value. This can be caused because the size of the company that is too large will lead to a lack of efficient oversight of operational activities and strategies by the management, which can reduce the value of the company. A company with a larger size will result in a lower company value because a large number of assets will reduce the value company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 600, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Research Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 442, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The population in this study was registered cement manufacturing companies on the Indonesia stock exchange and publish financial statements for the year period 2017 to 2022. The entire population was used as an object of research, namely as many as three companies, including PT. Semen Indonesia (Persero), Tbk; PT. Holcim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 675, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data analysis is carried out with the help of the SPSS application. Associative hypothesis testing with product moment correlation to know the direction of the relationship and whether it is strong or not the relationship between the variables of this study (Siregar & Hardana, 2022). Analysis simple linear regression is used to know the partial influence of variables cost accounting contribution, enterprise value, and responsibility to stakeholders. Comparative hypothesis testing with Indonesia, Tbk; and PT. Indocement Tunggal Prakasa, Tbk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 750, "width": 442, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data used to answer problem statements or test hypotheses in this study, sourced from the report Financial and Third Share Price Changes cement industry company goes public during the period 2017-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMAS, Vol.6, No. 2, April 2023: pp 223-231", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "226", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2022. The data obtained from Sharia Investment Gallery Bursa the Indonesian Effect (IDX) of Padangsidimpuan State Islamic University in January 2023 uses independent sample k techniques one-way ANOVA. Significance levels for all testing is set at 5%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Results And Discussions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 441, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The object of this study is the company cement manufacturing that went public in Indonesia, with the number listed on the IDX in the period 2017 – 2022. Analysis results regression is summarized in Table 1 below:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 219, "width": 270, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Summary of the results of simple regression analysis in 2 models", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 229, "width": 180, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model 1 Model 2 Adjusted R Square Cnstant Coefficient X Sig.t 0.612 -232.520.070 0.406 0.000 0.401 2.126.047 0.003 0.003", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 184, "top": 277, "width": 271, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: the results of data processing assisted by the SPSS application.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 299, "width": 216, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model 1 Model 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 157, "top": 310, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = -232.520,07 + 0,406 X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 373, "top": 310, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y1 = 2.126,047 + 0,003 Y2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 185, "top": 391, "width": 242, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Regression Equation between Research Variables", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 414, "width": 391, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6 and figure 2 above, it is generated Model Equation 1 Linear Regression Analysis simple:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = -232.520,07 + 0,406 X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meaning: 1). If cost accounting information is Rp 0,- then the value of the company is – Rp 232.520,07. 2). Every increase of Rp 1,- Cost accounting information, cause increase in company value by 0.406 where the direction of the relationship is directly proportional (positively correlated). Adjusted R Square value 0.612 indicates that model equation 1, able to explain variations in changes in accounting information variables cost and variable company value of 61.20%, while the remaining 38.8% is described by other variables that are not included in model 1.In model 2, an analysis equation is generated simple regression:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y1 = 2.126,047 + 0,003 Y2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 558, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meaning: 1). If the company value is Rp 0,- hence the responsibility to stakeholders is IDR 2,126,047. 2). Every increase of Rp 1,- the value of the company, causing an increase in responsibility of 0.003 with direction directly proportional relationships (correlated positively). Adjusted R Square value of 0.401 shows that model equation 2, is able to explain variations in change Company value variables and variables responsibility of 40.1%, While the remaining 59.9% is explained by other variables not included in model 2. Summary of associative hypothesis testing and comparative is presented in tables 2 and 3 The following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 645, "width": 250, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Associative Hypothesis Testing Summary (Models 1 and 2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 655, "width": 267, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Information T count Sig.t Level Sig Conclusion COGS to company value The value of the company against responsibility 5.271 3.519 0.000 0.003 0.05 0.05 H1 accepted", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 414, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H2", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 405, "top": 702, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "accepted", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 163, "top": 712, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: SPSS application-assisted data processing results", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 735, "width": 304, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Summary of One-Way Anova Comparative Hypothesis Testing (Model 3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 136, "top": 745, "width": 330, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Information Company Mean (Million Rp) Sig. F Extent Sig Conclusion 1 Company size SMCB 13.828.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 172, "top": 342, "width": 293, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Information Cost Accounting (X) Value Enterprise (Y1) Responsibility To Stakeholder (Y1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 30, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 786, "width": 427, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 509, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "227", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 134, "width": 6, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 3 4 5", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 160, "top": 116, "width": 312, "height": 126, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Interest expense (creditor) Tax burden (government) dividend (investor) salary expense (employees) SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP SMCB SMGR INTP 27.514.000 23.231.000 330.500 208.600 285.660 363.820 132.800 133.310 417.220 201.480 213.540 339,54 508,25 375,56 0,005 0,007 0,000 0,015 0,503 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 H3 accepted H4 accepted H5 accepted H6 accepted", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 430, "top": 226, "width": 42, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H7 accepted", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 245, "width": 212, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Source: SPSS application-assisted data processing results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 363, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Effect of Accounting Information Contribution Cost with Increased Value Company", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 273, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of data processing show that cost-related accounting information calculation of the cost of goods produced (COGS) positive and significant effect on company value. This is evidenced by statistical test results of regression analysis with values Significance t of 0.000 at the level of significance 5%. The results of data processing show that cost-related accounting information calculation of the cost of goods produced (COGS) is a positive and significant effect on company value. This is evidenced by statistical test results of regression analysis with values Significance t of 0.000 at the level of significance 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accuracy of cost of goods calculation production can be seen from the trend of relative COGS value stable of time series data over a period of research in all companies studied. As a manufacturing company, cement is very concerned about the efficiency of HPP. This is evidenced by the calculation of the value ratio sales against COGS. COGS every year during the observation period showed huge value. Nevertheless the amount of COGS value is not a waste or inefficiency. COGS though the value is large, but it is comparable to the value sales generated, meaning that the magnitude of this COGS value shows that optimization of production capacity occurs.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Time series data showing values large COGS offset by sales value a great clean, mean product that produced in large quantities and sold well sold a lot. High sales value means there is no problem with company Policy on Pricing Sell, or high sales drive more investors to own shares the company, then the next applies the Law of Supply and Demand, Where When The demand for shares is high, making the price stocks have also become high. This is the same with the research of (Anisma et al., 2015; Satria & Hatta, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 504, "width": 286, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Corporate Value with Responsibility to Stakeholders", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of data processing show that company value has a positive effect and significant responsibility company to its stakeholders (Sig.T 0.003). The higher the value of the company the more able they are to meet his responsibilities to various parties who are concerned. With value high companies, make them able to pay dividends to holders shares, able to pay principal and expenses interest to creditors and suppliers of materials, Able to provide salaries and incentives that high to the employees, and able fulfill tax obligations to country.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 442, "height": 101, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This means that the cement company able to fulfill responsibilities to various parties because they are supported by values high profitability of sales proceeds products to impact value company. In line with the results of the study Mardiyati, (A. Hardana, 2018; Mardiyati et al., 2015; Rahayu, 2018; Rumi et al., 2018) the summing up that the higher The profitability of the entity then the higher the value the company, as well as research results (Nugroho & Yulianto, 2015) states the same thing, that profitability has a significant positive effect against the value of the company. Company tends to have a trend of responsibility to relatively interested parties up from year to year. This proves that rising company values are supported by increased profitability of product sales, to impact capabilities Meet the expectations of various parties who get in touch with the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 700, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Result this research supports Weston's statement, Fred, (Kurniawan, 2015; Yana et al., n.d.) states that the company's dividend policy relates to the value of the company. The higher the dividend given, impact on the higher the value company (positively correlated). (McEntee et al., 2021) research & (Bhattacharyya, 2016), (Javed et al., 2015) quoted from (Anita & Yulianto, 2016). Contrary to Mardiyati's conclusion, (Mardiyati et al., 2015) stated the increase in dividends is not necessarily offset by an increase in the value of the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 427, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JMAS, Vol.6, No. 2, April 2023: pp 223-231", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "228", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Comparison of Cement Companies Go Public in Indonesia by Dividend, Expense taxes, Payroll Expenses, and Interest Expenses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Results of data processing in one way Anova points out that there are the difference in the size of the company on cement industry goes public in Indonesia, which measured by the average of total assets owned in the last six years, where companies that have the largest total assets is PT. Semen Indonesia, Tbk with value mean Rp 27.514.000.000.000,- (sig. F 0.005). PT. Semen Indonesia (formerly Semen Gresik) is a company owned and controlled by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia and also as the oldest cement company in Indonesia and control market share cement in Indonesia, so it would be natural if this company is a company that has the greatest total wealth.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "One-way ANOVA test results show that there is a difference the amount of loan interest expense (SIG. F 0.007), where is the company that has the burden the largest loan interest is PT. Holcim Indonesia (formerly Semen Cibinong). At dimensions of Tax Burden, it is concluded that there is a difference in the size of the tax burden cement industry companies, where the largest tax contributor to the State Indonesia is PT. Holcim Indonesia (sig. F 0,000).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the dividend payment dimension, there is a difference in the number of paying dividends of cement industry companies, where the largest companies pay dividends to its shareholders is PT. Holcim Indonesia (sig. F 0.015). In the dimension of salary payments to employees, there is no difference in the amount of salary burden of company employees, although the difference is not significant (sig. F 0.503) the company with the largest salary payment is PT. Semen Indonesia as a cement red plate company in Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 690, "width": 385, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Linkage of Cost Accounting Information Objectives with Company Value and Responsibility to Company Stakeholders", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 723, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 746, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study concludes that: cost accounting information, which embodied in price calculations principal Production, Significant Effect towards an increase in the value of the company. Increased value of the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 491, "width": 56, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Assessing balance sheet", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 207, "top": 514, "width": 41, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "inventory", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 196, "top": 416, "width": 325, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Determine cost of goods sold (income statement) Responsibilit y to stakeholders: dividend interest expense, salary expense, tax expense", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 196, "top": 389, "width": 62, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Determine the selling price of", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 203, "top": 412, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "the product", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 395, "width": 34, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sales up", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 193, "top": 457, "width": 236, "height": 167, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Quality of Financial Statements Compa ny Value planning (Budget) Control (implementation budget)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 193, "top": 643, "width": 68, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Special decision making", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 465, "width": 266, "height": 170, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Calculating Cost of Goods Produced Competitive advantages of the company", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 30, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Management Science", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 30, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2684-9747 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 32, "width": 7, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 786, "width": 427, "height": 16, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Hardana, Accounting information in improving corporate values and responsibility to stakeholders in cement manufacturing companies in Indonesia", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 509, "top": 28, "width": 18, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "229", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 116, "width": 442, "height": 66, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "company, which measured by stock price, influential significant to ability company in meeting its responsibilities to stakeholders, such as paying dividends (investors), principal and Interest Expense on the Loan (the creditor), paying employees and pay taxes (government). The study also concluded that there are differences in company size, the number of dividend payments, expenses taxes, interest expenses on the company cement goes public in Indonesia, while the amount of salary burden is not available significant difference.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 438, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The limitations of this study are: cost accounting information is represented only information on the calculation of the cost of goods produced, and enter no other information related to cost accounting purposes such as cost planning and control, and making specific decisions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Further research is suggested to Expand the measurement of accounting information cost by entering it. In addition, subsequent research is recommended to expand the object of research and add research variables so that the results can be more generalized. For entities, It is recommended to keep accuracy in calculating production costs, Given the benefits of accuracy are very important for my improvement of competitiveness and strategic management. Advice for stakeholders is to pay more attention to profitability trends and the value of the company as one of the foundations predicting the Company's capabilities Provide positive feedback as a form of its responsibility to stakeholders.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 323, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anisma, Y., Ratnawati, V., & Fakhri, F. (2015). 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c641f004-8fd4-0f66-16b5-c4b87bbb57f2

http://jurnal.um-tapsel.ac.id/index.php/ptk/article/download/12265/7777

[ { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "p-ISSN: 2599-1914", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 352, "top": 47, "width": 148, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 60, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e-ISSN: 2599-1132", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 352, "top": 60, "width": 155, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DOI : 10.31604/ptk.v6i4.577-584", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 721, "width": 379, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran)│577", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 133, "top": 89, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENERIMAAN PESERTA DIDIK BARU SISTEM ZONASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 121, "width": 280, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, Abubakar Umar, Yadi Fahmi Arifudin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 139, "top": 142, "width": 338, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Singaperbangsa Karawang [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 289, "top": 198, "width": 35, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 217, "width": 402, "height": 314, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan salah satu pilar utama dalam pembangunan suatu negara. Untuk mencapai pendidikan yang berkualitas dan merata bagi seluruh warga negara, penerimaan mahasiswa baru sangatlah krusial. Namun, dalam praktiknya, ada berbagai masalah yang muncul, terutama terkait ketidakadilan akses dan kesempatan pendidikan. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, sistem zonasi penerimaan mahasiswa baru menjadi salah satu solusi yang diperkenalkan oleh banyak negara. Konsep zonasi ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadilan dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan peserta didik berdasarkan letak geografis tempat tinggalnya. Salah satu manfaat utama dari sistem zonasi adalah pemerataan pendidikan. Dengan mendistribusikan siswa secara merata di berbagai daerah, keragaman dan kesetaraan akan tercipta di lingkungan belajar. Hal ini akan membantu mengurangi kesenjangan sosial dan ekonomi antar wilayah, sehingga setiap anak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang layak. Selain itu, sistem zonasi juga mendorong inklusivitas dalam pendidikan. Dengan menggabungkan siswa dari berbagai latar belakang sosial dan budaya, lingkungan belajar multikultural akan terbentuk. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, toleransi dan saling menghormati antar siswa, sehingga tercipta generasi yang lebih terbuka dan menerima perbedaan. Namun, harus diakui bahwa penerapan sistem zonasi juga menghadapi tantangan tersendiri. Salah satu masalah utama adalah terbatasnya kapasitas sekolah di setiap daerah. Jika suatu daerah memiliki populasi siswa yang lebih dari kapasitas sekolah yang ada, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan penurunan kualitas pendidikan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan dan pengelolaan yang matang agar sistem zonasi dapat berjalan efektif. Selain itu, tantangan lainnya adalah peran orang tua dalam mendukung penerapan sistem zonasi. Beberapa orang tua mungkin lebih memilih sekolah di daerah tertentu yang dianggap lebih bergengsi daripada sekolah yang lebih dekat dengan tempat tinggal mereka. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan pergeseran masalah dari kesenjangan geografis ke ketidaksetaraan sosial dan pendidikan. Guna mengatasi kendala tersebut, pemerintah perlu menyediakan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan yang memadai, meningkatkan kualitas tenaga pengajar, serta melibatkan seluruh pemangku kepentingan dalam perencanaan dan evaluasi sistem zonasi. Secara keseluruhan, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan mahasiswa baru merupakan langkah positif menuju pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan merata. Dengan memberikan kesempatan yang sama bagi setiap anak untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan berkualitas, harapan generasi yang berdaya saing dan memiliki kepribadian yang kuat semakin nyata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 543, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: : Pendidikan, Zonasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 576, "width": 37, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 595, "width": 402, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Education is one of the main pillars in the development of a country. To achieve quality and equitable education for all citizens, the acceptance of new students is very crucial. However, in practice, there are various problems that arise, especially related to injustice in access and educational opportunities. To overcome this challenge, the zoning system for accepting new students is one of the solutions introduced by many countries. This zoning concept aims to create fairness and openness in education by allocating students based on the geographical location where they live. One of the main benefits of the zoning system is educational equity. By distributing students evenly in various regions, diversity and equality will be created in the learning environment. This will help reduce social and economic disparities between regions, so that every child has the same opportunity to get access to a proper education. In addition, the zoning system also encourages inclusivity in education. By combining students from various", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 721, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "578", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 402, "height": 173, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "social and cultural backgrounds, a multicultural learning environment will be formed. This can increase understanding, tolerance and mutual respect among students, thereby creating a generation that is more open and accepting of differences. However, it must be acknowledged that the implementation of the zoning system also faces its own challenges. One of the main problems is the limited capacity of schools in each region. If an area has a population of students that is more than the capacity of the existing schools, this can lead to accumulation and a decrease in the quality of education. Therefore, careful planning and management is needed so that the zoning system can run effectively. In addition, another challenge is the role of parents in supporting the implementation of the zoning system. Some parents may prefer schools in certain areas that are considered more prestigious than schools closer to where they live. This can lead to a shift in the problem from geographic disparities to social and educational inequalities. In order to overcome these obstacles, the government needs to provide adequate educational facilities and infrastructure, improve the quality of teaching staff, and involve all stakeholders in planning and evaluating the zoning system. Overall, the zoning system in accepting new students is a positive step towards a more inclusive and equitable education. By providing equal opportunities for every child to get access to quality education, the hope for a generation that is competitive and has a strong personality is increasingly real.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 268, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Education, Zonation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 318, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 341, "width": 186, "height": 325, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan adalah salah satu pilar utama dalam pembangunan suatu negara. Untuk mencapai pendidikan yang berkualitas dan merata bagi semua warga negara, penerimaan peserta didik baru menjadi hal yang sangat krusial. Namun, dalam praktiknya, terdapat berbagai permasalahan yang muncul terutama terkait ketidakadilan dalam akses dan kesempatan pendidikan. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru menjadi salah satu solusi yang diperkenalkan oleh banyak negara. Konsep zonasi ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadilan dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan siswa berdasarkan lokasi geografis tempat tinggal mereka. Salah satu manfaat utama dari sistem zonasi adalah pemerataan pendidikan. Dengan mendistribusikan peserta didik secara merata di berbagai wilayah, maka akan tercipta keberagaman dan kesetaraan dalam lingkungan belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 315, "width": 403, "height": 390, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal ini akan membantu mengurangi ketimpangan sosial dan ekonomi antar wilayah, sehingga setiap anak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang layak. Selain itu, sistem zonasi juga mendorong inklusivitas dalam pendidikan. Dengan menggabungkan siswa dari beragam latar belakang sosial dan budaya, maka akan terbentuk lingkungan belajar yang multikultural. Hal ini dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, toleransi, dan saling menghargai di antara peserta didik, sehingga menciptakan generasi yang lebih terbuka dan menerima perbedaan. (Susanto, 2012) Namun, perlu diakui bahwa penerapan sistem zonasi juga menghadapi tantangan tersendiri. Salah satu masalah utama adalah keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah di masing- masing wilayah. Jika suatu wilayah memiliki populasi peserta didik yang lebih banyak daripada kapasitas sekolah yang ada, maka hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan kualitas pendidikan yang menurun. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan perencanaan dan pengelolaan yang matang agar sistem zonasi dapat berjalan dengan efektif. Selain itu, tantangan lainnya adalah peran serta orang tua dalam", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 34, "width": 355, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran) Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 Hal 577-584", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 489, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "579", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 442, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mendukung implementasi sistem zonasi. Beberapa orang tua mungkin lebih memilih sekolah di wilayah tertentu yang dianggap lebih prestisius daripada sekolah yang lebih dekat dengan tempat tinggal mereka. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan pergeseran masalah dari kesenjangan geografis menjadi kesenjangan sosial dan pendidikan. (Suwardi, 2011) Dalam rangka mengatasi kendala-kendala tersebut, pemerintah perlu menyediakan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan yang memadai, meningkatkan kualitas tenaga pendidik, dan melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan dalam perencanaan dan evaluasi sistem zonasi. Secara keseluruhan, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru merupakan langkah positif menuju pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan merata. Dengan memberikan kesempatan yang sama bagi setiap anak untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang berkualitas, maka harapan akan terwujudnya generasi yang berdaya saing dan berkepribadian kuat semakin nyata. Namun, implementasi yang baik, dukungan dari semua pihak terkait, dan komitmen pemerintah menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam mewujudkan visi penerimaan peserta didik baru yang adil dan berkeadilan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 525, "width": 186, "height": 183, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan fondasi utama dalam membangun masyarakat yang cerdas, berdaya saing, dan berkepribadian kuat. Oleh karena itu, sistem penerimaan peserta didik baru menjadi perhatian utama dalam menciptakan akses yang adil dan merata bagi setiap anak untuk mendapatkan pendidikan berkualitas. Di banyak negara, sistem zonasi telah diperkenalkan sebagai solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ketidakadilan dalam akses pendidikan. Konsep zonasi ini bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadilan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 403, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan peserta didik berdasarkan lokasi geografis tempat tinggal mereka. (Faruk,2013) Pada pendahuluan ini, kita akan membahas pentingnya penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan menggunakan sistem zonasi dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang merata dan inklusif. Sistem zonasi menawarkan potensi besar untuk mengatasi disparitas pendidikan dan memastikan setiap anak memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk mengakses layanan pendidikan yang setara. Melalui pemaparan ini, akan diungkap manfaat, tantangan, serta pentingnya peran semua pihak dalam menerapkan sistem zonasi secara efektif. Membahas mengenai penerimaan peserta didik baru sistem zonasi akan membawa kita pada kesadaran akan perlunya merangkul keragaman dan inklusivitas dalam dunia pendidikan. Dengan begitu, kita dapat bersama-sama membangun pondasi yang kokoh bagi perkembangan intelektual dan karakter anak-anak, demi menciptakan masa depan yang lebih cerah dan berkeadilan bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 502, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 525, "width": 186, "height": 183, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian kualitatif merupakan suatu metode penelitian yang memiliki tujuan untuk memahami, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasi fenomena sosial secara mendalam. Dalam konteks penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi, metode penelitian kualitatif sangat relevan untuk menggali persepsi, pengalaman, dan pandangan para pemangku kepentingan yang terlibat, seperti orang tua siswa, guru, kepala sekolah, dan petugas pendidikan. Penelitian kualitatif akan mengadopsi pendekatan yang lebih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "580", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 403, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "holistik dan mendalam dalam mengungkap kompleksitas permasalahan terkait sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru. Peneliti akan menggunakan berbagai teknik pengumpulan data, seperti wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen, untuk mendapatkan data yang kaya dan mendalam mengenai pandangan dan pengalaman para responden. Wawancara mendalam akan memungkinkan peneliti untuk mendapatkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang perspektif dan pengalaman individu terkait sistem zonasi. Selain itu, observasi partisipatif juga akan memungkinkan peneliti untuk melihat secara langsung bagaimana sistem zonasi diterapkan di lapangan dan bagaimana interaksi antar pemangku kepentingan berlangsung. Setelah data terkumpul, analisis data dalam penelitian kualitatif akan berfokus pada proses pengkodean dan penyusunan tema-tema utama yang muncul dari data. Pendekatan induktif akan digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi pola-pola dan temuan-temuan baru yang muncul dari analisis data, tanpa dipengaruhi oleh hipotesis sebelumnya.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 482, "width": 186, "height": 169, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam konteks penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi, penelitian kualitatif dapat memberikan kontribusi penting dalam mengungkap berbagai aspek terkait implementasi, dampak, tantangan, dan manfaat dari sistem zonasi. Hasil penelitian kualitatif ini akan memberikan pemahaman yang mendalam bagi para pengambil kebijakan dan stakeholder terkait untuk mengoptimalkan sistem zonasi dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang merata, inklusif, dan berkeadilan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 83, "width": 148, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 106, "width": 186, "height": 597, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lembaga pendidikan yang jelas dan konsisten akan mencari calon siswa yang sejalan dengan keyakinan mereka. Mereka akan memprioritaskan siswa yang memiliki komitmen dan kesesuaian nilai-nilai dalam upaya untuk membentuk lingkungan pendidikan yang kohesif dan konsisten. Di sisi lain, lembaga pendidikan sekuler akan lebih inklusif dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru, memberikan kesempatan bagi siswa dari berbagai latar belakang keyakinan atau agama. Mereka mungkin lebih berfokus pada kualifikasi akademik dan potensi siswa daripada sejauh mana mereka sejalan dengan keyakinan tertentu (Arifudin, 2022). Penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi merupakan pendekatan yang menarik untuk mencapai keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam akses pendidikan. Namun, seperti halnya setiap sistem, pendekatan ini memiliki kelebihan dan kelemahan yang perlu diidentifikasi. Dalam menganalisis sistem zonasi, dapat digunakan pendekatan SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) untuk mendapatkan gambaran yang komprehensif tentang potensi dan tantangan yang dihadapinya (Munawaroh, 2017). Pertama, mari kita tinjau kekuatan (strengths) dari sistem zonasi. Sistem ini mampu menciptakan pemerataan dalam pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan siswa berdasarkan lokasi tempat tinggal mereka. Hal ini dapat mengurangi disparitas antara sekolah-sekolah di daerah urban dan rural, serta meminimalisir kemungkinan terjadinya kelebihan atau kekurangan peserta didik di suatu sekolah. Selain itu, sistem zonasi mendorong inklusivitas dan integrasi sosial antara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 34, "width": 353, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 301, "top": 47, "width": 207, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 Hal 577-584", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 489, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "581", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "siswa dari beragam latar belakang, yang dapat memperkaya lingkungan belajar. Namun, sistem zonasi juga memiliki kelemahan (weaknesses).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 136, "width": 186, "height": 572, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satunya adalah keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah di masing-masing wilayah. Jika populasi peserta didik di suatu wilayah melebihi kapasitas sekolah yang ada, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan memengaruhi kualitas pendidikan. Selain itu, sistem zonasi mungkin tidak selalu mempertimbangkan preferensi dan kebutuhan individu, karena alokasi peserta didik berdasarkan lokasi geografis (Fahmi, 2017). Sekarang, kita lihat peluang (opportunities) yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari sistem zonasi. Penerapan sistem ini dapat mendorong pembangunan infrastruktur pendidikan yang lebih merata di berbagai wilayah, sehingga meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan kualitas pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Selain itu, sistem zonasi membuka peluang bagi sekolah-sekolah untuk saling berkolaborasi dan berbagi pengalaman terbaik dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan. Namun, tidak dapat diabaikan bahwa ada juga tantangan (threats) yang perlu diatasi dalam sistem zonasi. Salah satunya adalah resistensi dari masyarakat atau orang tua yang mungkin mempertanyakan keadilan dan kecocokan sistem ini dengan preferensi mereka sendiri. Selain itu, perencanaan yang kurang matang dan implementasi yang buruk dapat menyebabkan ketidaksesuaian antara daya tampung sekolah dan jumlah peserta didik, mengakibatkan frustrasi dan ketidakpuasan. Dalam rangka memaksimalkan manfaat dari sistem zonasi dan mengatasi tantangan yang ada, diperlukan langkah-langkah strategis. Pemerintah dan lembaga terkait harus", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 325, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "melakukan analisis mendalam tentang kebutuhan dan potensi setiap wilayah, serta memastikan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana pendidikan yang memadai. Selain itu, sosialisasi dan dialog dengan para pemangku kepentingan, terutama orang tua siswa, menjadi kunci untuk mencapai pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang tujuan dan manfaat sistem zonasi. Dalam kesimpulannya, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru memiliki potensi besar untuk menciptakan keadilan dan keterbukaan dalam pendidikan. Namun, untuk mencapai hal tersebut, perlu diatasi berbagai tantangan dan kelemahan yang mungkin muncul. Dengan pendekatan SWOT ini, diharapkan para pengambil kebijakan dapat merumuskan langkah- langkah strategis yang tepat untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem zonasi dan mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang lebih inklusif dan merata bagi semua peserta didik.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 408, "width": 186, "height": 300, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi adalah isu yang sangat penting dalam pembangunan pendidikan yang merata dan inklusif. Sistem ini telah diimplementasikan di berbagai negara sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi disparitas akses dan mutu pendidikan antarwilayah. Pembahasan topik ini menyoroti manfaat, tantangan, dan strategi untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem zonasi dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan yang lebih adil dan berkeadilan. Pada satu sisi, sistem zonasi menawarkan manfaat besar dalam menciptakan pemerataan pendidikan. Dengan mengalokasikan peserta didik berdasarkan lokasi tempat tinggal mereka, sistem ini dapat mengurangi kesenjangan antara sekolah-sekolah di daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Hal ini membuka peluang bagi anak-anak dari berbagai latar belakang sosial dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "582", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 610, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ekonomi untuk mendapatkan akses pendidikan yang setara. Selain itu, sistem zonasi juga mendorong inklusivitas dengan menggabungkan siswa dari beragam latar belakang dalam satu lingkungan belajar, yang dapat memperkaya pengalaman dan membangun toleransi di antara mereka. Namun, penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi juga menghadapi tantangan yang perlu diatasi. Salah satu masalah utama adalah keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah di masing-masing wilayah. Jika suatu wilayah memiliki populasi peserta didik yang lebih banyak daripada kapasitas sekolah yang ada, hal ini dapat menyebabkan penumpukan dan menurunkan kualitas pendidikan. Selain itu, sistem zonasi mungkin tidak selalu mempertimbangkan preferensi dan kebutuhan individu, sehingga beberapa orang tua mungkin merasa tidak puas dengan hasil alokasi tersebut. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas sistem zonasi, beberapa strategi dapat diterapkan. Pertama, evaluasi perencanaan dan implementasi sistem zonasi perlu dilakukan secara berkala untuk memastikan ketersediaan daya tampung yang sesuai dan memahami dinamika wilayah setempat. Kedua, sosialisasi dan komunikasi yang intensif perlu dilakukan kepada semua pemangku kepentingan untuk memperkuat pemahaman tentang manfaat dan tujuan dari sistem zonasi. Ketiga, penting untuk melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan, termasuk para orang tua siswa, guru, dan kepala sekolah. Partisipasi mereka akan menciptakan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kebutuhan dan harapan dari semua pihak yang terlibat (Darmawan, 2018). Dalam kesimpulannya,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 689, "width": 186, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 195, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sistem zonasi memiliki potensi besar untuk mencapai pendidikan yang lebih inklusif, merata, dan berkeadilan. Namun, untuk mencapai hal tersebut, perlu adanya evaluasi dan strategi yang tepat untuk mengatasi tantangan yang ada. Dengan dukungan dari semua pihak terkait, impian untuk menciptakan generasi penerus yang berkualitas dan berkepribadian kuat akan semakin mendekati kenyataan. Implementasi yang efektif dan komitmen yang berkelanjutan menjadi kunci dalam mewujudkan visi pendidikan yang lebih baik untuk semua anak-anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 290, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 313, "width": 186, "height": 144, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi adalah langkah yang penting dalam mencapai keadilan dan kesetaraan dalam akses pendidikan. Melalui sistem zonasi, peluang untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang merata dan inklusif dapat diwujudkan. Konsep ini memungkinkan pemerataan pendidikan dengan mengalokasikan siswa berdasarkan lokasi geografis tempat tinggal mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 456, "width": 186, "height": 234, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam analisis sistem zonasi, kita telah mengidentifikasi berbagai kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan tantangan yang terkait. Kelebihan sistem zonasi mencakup pemerataan pendidikan, mendorong inklusivitas, dan integrasi sosial di antara peserta didik. Namun, ada juga kelemahan yang meliputi keterbatasan daya tampung sekolah dan tidak selalu mempertimbangkan preferensi individu. Dengan memanfaatkan peluang yang ada, seperti pembangunan infrastruktur pendidikan yang merata dan kolaborasi antar sekolah, sistem zonasi dapat menciptakan manfaat yang lebih besar dalam mengoptimalkan akses dan kualitas pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 34, "width": 355, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PeTeKa (Jurnal Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran) Volume 6 Nomor 4 Tahun 2023 Hal 577-584", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 489, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "583", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 624, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapi, perlu adanya langkah-langkah strategis yang matang. Analisis mendalam tentang kebutuhan dan potensi setiap wilayah, serta perencanaan implementasi yang baik, menjadi kunci dalam mengatasi keterbatasan daya tampung dan menghindari frustrasi di kalangan peserta didik dan orang tua. Selain itu, sosialisasi dan dialog yang efektif dengan semua pemangku kepentingan akan membantu mencapai pemahaman yang lebih luas tentang tujuan dan manfaat sistem zonasi. Kesimpulannya, sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru memiliki potensi besar untuk mencapai pendidikan yang lebih inklusif, merata, dan berkeadilan. Dengan mengoptimalkan kelebihan, mengatasi kelemahan, memanfaatkan peluang, dan menghadapi tantangan dengan langkah- langkah strategis yang tepat, sistem zonasi dapat berfungsi sebagai alat efektif dalam mencapai visi pendidikan yang lebih baik dan berdaya saing. Dengan kerjasama dan komitmen dari semua pihak terkait, impian untuk menciptakan generasi penerus yang berkualitas dan berkepribadian kuat akan semakin mendekati kenyataan. Dalam meningkatkan efektivitas penerimaan peserta didik baru dengan sistem zonasi, ada beberapa saran yang dapat diimplementasikan. Tujuan dari saran-saran ini adalah untuk meningkatkan penerapan sistem zonasi, mengatasi potensi tantangan, dan memastikan penerimaan peserta didik baru berjalan dengan lebih adil dan berkeadilan. Berikut adalah beberapa saran yang dapat dipertimbangkan: Pertama, perlu dilakukan evaluasi dan penyempurnaan terhadap perencanaan sistem zonasi. Analisis mendalam mengenai kebutuhan dan kapasitas setiap wilayah perlu dilakukan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 84, "width": 186, "height": 118, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "untuk memastikan bahwa alokasi peserta didik berjalan sesuai dengan kondisi di lapangan. Evaluasi secara berkala juga perlu dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi masalah dan melakukan perbaikan jika diperlukan. Kedua, adanya sosialisasi yang intensif dan komunikasi yang efektif kepada semua pemangku kepentingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 323, "top": 201, "width": 186, "height": 507, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mengedukasi masyarakat dan orang tua siswa mengenai manfaat sistem zonasi serta tujuan dari penerapan ini akan membantu mengurangi resistensi dan meningkatkan dukungan terhadap sistem zonasi. Komunikasi yang terbuka dan transparan dengan semua pihak terkait akan menciptakan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang mekanisme dan proses penerimaan peserta didik baru. Ketiga, perlu dipastikan adanya daya tampung yang memadai di setiap sekolah dalam sistem zonasi. Dalam perencanaan dan implementasi, harus memperhitungkan jumlah siswa yang diterima agar tidak terjadi penumpukan atau under-capacity di suatu sekolah. Peningkatan infrastruktur dan fasilitas pendidikan di wilayah-wilayah dengan kebutuhan akan menjadi investasi penting untuk mendukung sistem zonasi yang berjalan efektif (Sugiyono, 2019). Keempat, melibatkan semua pemangku kepentingan dalam pengambilan keputusan. Keterlibatan aktif dari para orang tua siswa, guru, kepala sekolah, dan komunitas setempat akan memastikan adanya representasi yang lebih luas dalam proses pengambilan keputusan terkait penerimaan peserta didik baru. Partisipasi ini akan menciptakan pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang kebutuhan dan harapan dari semua pihak yang terlibat. Kelima, penting untuk memonitor dan mengevaluasi sistem zonasi secara berkala. Pengumpulan data tentang kinerja sekolah, kepuasan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 47, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Miftahussa Adah, dkk. Penerimaan Peserta Didik Baru Sistem Zonasi…", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 720, "width": 20, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "584", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 186, "height": 221, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "siswa dan orang tua, serta dampak dari penerapan sistem zonasi akan membantu dalam peningkatan dan perbaikan sistem yang berkesinambungan. Dengan menerapkan saran-saran di atas, diharapkan sistem zonasi dalam penerimaan peserta didik baru dapat berjalan dengan lebih efektif dan memberikan kontribusi positif dalam menciptakan pendidikan yang lebih inklusif, merata, dan berkeadilan. Kerjasama dan komitmen dari semua pihak terkait akan menjadi kunci keberhasilan dalam mencapai visi pendidikan yang lebih baik dan berdaya saing bagi generasi penerus.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 316, "width": 107, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 80, "width": 403, "height": 415, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abar, A. Z. (1999). Kritik Sosial, Pres, dan Politik Indonesia dalam Kritik Sosial dalam Wacana Pembangunan. Yogyakarta: UII Press. Yadi Fahmi Arifudin, Y. (2022). The Aqidah Education in Ahlu Sunnah wa al-Jamaah: A Comparative Study. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 10(2), 161. https://doi.org/10.36667/jppi.v10i 2.1302 Arifudin, Y. F. Kontribusi Pemanfaatan Fasilitas Belajar dan Etos Kerja Guru terhadap Efektifitas Pembelajaran di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) Neglasari Kabupaten Ciamis. Arifudin, Y. F., & Amini, F. A. (2018). NILAI-NILAI PENDIDIKAN ISLAM DALAM NOVEL CINTA DI UJUNG SAJADAH KARYA ASMA NADIA. Tarbiyat al-Aulad: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Anak Usia Dini, 2(1). Darmawan, W. (2018). Suwarna- Suwarni. Yogyakarta: Basabasi. Faruk. (2013). Pengantar Sosiologi Sastra, dari Strukturalisme Genetik sampai Post-modernisme. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: Alfabeta. Susanto, D. (2012). Pengantar Teori Sastra. Yogyakarta: CAPS. Suwardi. (2011). Sosiologi Sastra. Yogyakarta: FBS Universitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 430, "width": 186, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Negeri Yogyakarta. Soekanto, S. (2013). Sosiologi Suatu Pengantar. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "Text" } ]

76197cdb-89d3-96e4-e9b9-1575c8c06dcd

https://jurnal.syntaxliterate.co.id/index.php/syntax-literate/article/download/6720/4104

[ { "left": 85, "top": 757, "width": 422, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite: Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari (2022) Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7 (4).", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-ISSN:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 776, "width": 117, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2548-1398 Published by: Ridwan Institute", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 211, "top": 88, "width": 303, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia p–ISSN: 2541-0849 e-ISSN: 2548-1398 Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 145, "width": 429, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI AUDIT DELAY PADA PERUSAHAAN MANUFAKTUR YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 200, "width": 135, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 283, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pancasetia, Indonesia Email: [email protected], [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 255, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 269, "width": 406, "height": 148, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada perusahaan Manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linear berganda untuk menggambarkan fenomena atau karakteristik dari data, yaitu dengan memberi gambaran tentang Audit Delay, penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap 28 perusahaan manufaktur sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia tahun 2016-2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan , reputasi KAP tidak berpengaruh secara parsial, variabel opini auditor berpengaruh secara parsial sekaligus menjadi variabel dominan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap Audit Delay, hasil uji hipotesis secara simultan ke lima faktor ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap Audit Delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 432, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Audit Delayy; Profitabilitas; Solvabilitas; Ukuran Perusahaan; Reputasi KAP; Opini Auditor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 473, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 487, "width": 406, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study analyzes how the factors that affect Audit Delay in Manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. The method used is multiple linear regression analysis to describe the phenomena or characteristics of the data, namely by providing an overview of Audit Delay. This research was conducted on 28 manufacturing companies in the raw material sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2020. The results showed that the variables of profitability, solvency, firm size, KAP reputation had no partial effect, the auditor's opinion variable had a partial effect and became the dominant variable that had the most influence on Audit Delay, the results of the simultaneous hypothesis testing on these five factors had no effect on Audit Delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Audit Delay; Profitability; Solvency; Company Size; KAP Reputation; Auditor's Opinion", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 683, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pasar modal tengah menjadi sorotan seputar investor karena memiliki kedudukan yang begitu penting dalam memperkuat fleksibilitas moneter dalam suatu negara (Manik, 2017) . Berkembangnya pasar modal di Indonesia menimbulkan teka-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3955", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "teki tentang keterbukaan mengenai kondisi keuangan suatu perusahaan, sehingga maraknya pertambahan perusahaan yang diungkapkan membuat kebutuhan akan informasi keuangan semakin meningkat. Perkembangan tersebut memberikan dampak pada tingginya akan kebutuhan audit laporan keuangan perusahaan oleh seorang auditor independen. Sedangkan hasil laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit tidak dapat dipergunakan secara langsung oleh pihak-pihak yang bersangkutan. Keadaan ini menjadi penyebab tanggal penerbitan laporan keuangan mengalami perbedaan dengan tanggal tutup tahun buku sebuah perusahaan, yang mengakibatkan terjadinya audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 429, "height": 217, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fenomena kelambanan proses audit dalam auditing kerap diingat dengan sebutan audit delay dimana adanya selisih waktu yang berselang pada tanggal laporan keuangan dengan tanggal pendapat sang auditor dalam laporan keuangan yang menunjukkan jangka waktu dalam penyelesaian proses audit oleh seorang auditor. Menurut (Rachmawati, 2008) mengungkapkan bahwa periode waktu interaksi tinjauan dalam ringkasan anggaran diproksikan dari jumlah hari yang diharapkan untuk memperoleh laporan keuangan yang dapat diandalkan tentang tinjauan laporan anggaran tahunan organisasi mulai dari tanggal akhir tahun di organisasi (perusahaan), yakni akhir bulan (31 Desember) sampai dengan tanggal yang dinyatakan dalam laporan penilai. Menurut Peraturan OJK Nomor 29/POJK.04/2016 mengenai Laporan Tahunan yang wajib mempublikasikan kepada lembaga OJK dengan kurun waktu 120 hari terakhir setelah berakhirnya tahun buku. ”Yang memiliki tujuan, supaya pihak yang bersangkutan mempunyai berita terupdate tentang kondisi sebuah perusahaan” (POJK, 2016) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 453, "width": 429, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay, mulai dari faktor internal sampai faktor eksternal pada perusahaan. Menurut (Ramantha, Yadnyana, & Karang, 2015) profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay secara internal dalam sebuah perusahaan. Sedangkan faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay secara ekternal dalam sebuah perusahaan adalah Kantor Akuntan Publik, Kualitas auditor dan opini audit (Ashton, Willingham, & Elliott, 1987) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 431, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari beberapa faktor internal yang mempengaruhi audit delay pada perusahaan salah satunya yaitu profitabilitas. Hasil penelitian (Afina S. P., 2015) menunjukkan bahwa profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay, artinya apabila suatu perusahaan memperoleh profitabilitas yang lebih tinggi maka audit delay akan lebih pendek dibandingkan dengan perusahaan dengan tingkat profitabilitas yang lebih rendah. Sementara itu, menurut hasil (Sari & Priyadi, 2016) , profitabilitas berpengaruh negatif terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 675, "width": 428, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lain yang diperkirakan mempengaruhi audit delay secara internal adalah solvabilitas, tingginya nilai solvabilitas diindikasikan memberikan sinyal yang “bad” (buruk) kepada investor yang berarti kondisi perusahaaan sedang tidak baik. Rendahnya nilai DER yang dimiliki perusahaan bermakna perusahaan mempunyai total hutang yang sedikit dibandingkan dengan ekuitas, mengingat semakin besar total hutang maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3956", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 429, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "semakin besar pula risiko perusahaan akan menghadapi kebangkrutan. Menurut hasil penelitian (Sari & Priyadi, 2016) menunjukkan bahwa solvabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay, namun berbeda dengan hasil penelitian (Nike., 2017) yang menyatakan bahwa solvabilitas tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 151, "width": 428, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor selanjutnya yang dianggap mempengaruhi audit delay adalah ukuran perusahaan, ini berhubungan dengan besar kecilnya sebuah perusahaan, suatu perusahaan dapat dikatakan besar atau kecil dapat dilihat dari total asset. Menurut hasil penelitian (Nike., 2017) bahwa ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap audit delay, hal ini berbeda dengan hasil penelitian dari (Yanto & Rahmawati, 2019) yang berpendapat bahwa ukuran perusahaan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 428, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reputasi KAP juga diperkirakan akan berpengaruh terhadap audit delay, apabila suatu perusahaan diaudit oleh KAP yang berafilasi Big Four cenderung memiliki audit delay yang lebih pendek karena dapat melakukan audit yang lebih efisien dan fleksibilitas. Menurut hasil penelitian (Afina S. P., 2015) menunjukkan bahwa reputasi KAP berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay, berbeda dengan hasil penelitian dari (Sari & Priyadi, 2016) berpendapat bahwa reputasi KAP tidak berpengaruh terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 374, "width": 429, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berikutnya faktor opini auditor, perusahaan yang mendapatkan pernyataan Unqualified Opinion cenderung akan menyelesaikan laporan keuangan lebih singkat karena auditor sudah mendapatkan informasi yang tepat mengenai laporan keuangan yang dikerjakan sesuai dengan SAK yang berlaku dan tidak terdapat salah saji material. Menurut hasil (Nike., 2017) opini audit berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay, sementara itu berbeda dengan hasil penelitian (Ratnawati, 2018) yang menyatakan bahwa opini auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 485, "width": 429, "height": 265, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan objek Industri manufaktur karena memegang peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi Nasional dimana sektor korporasi ini diawasi secara ketat oleh investor, pengawas permodalan dan pemerintah, akan tetapi dalam sektor ini Audit delay juga kerap ditemukan pada setiap periode tahun. Bedasarkan data BEI di tahun 2020 terdapat 755 perusahaan yang telah tercatat di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) dimana 659 perusahaan wajib menyampaikan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit untuk periode 2019, namun masih terdapat beberapa perusahaan yang mangkir dari kewajiban menyampaikan dan mempublikasikan laporan keuangannya, yaitu sebanyak 96 perusahaan belum menyampaikan laporan keuangan audit untuk periode tahun buku yang berakhir 31 Desember 2019 (CNBC Indonesia, https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/). Hal ini berdampak negatif bagi perusahaan yang mengalami keterlambatan dalam pengumpulan laporan keuangan tersebut. Dalam perkembangannya perusahaan - perusahaan yang telah terdaftar di pasar modal mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat termasuk perusahaan-perusahaan yang bergerak pada sektor manufaktur karena sektor ini merupakan populasi terbesar di industry non- keuangan, dimana sektor manufaktur menjadi benchmark bagi beberapa investor di pasar modal. Dilihat dari data 5 tahun terakhir pada 2016 tercatat sebanyak 19%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3957", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "perusahaan manufaktur sub sektor basic materials yang lambat memberikan laporan keuangannya, pada 2017 terjadi penurunan dari tahun sebelumnya menjadi 18%, di tahun 2018 terjadi penurunan yang drastis menjadi 11%, terjadi peningkatan di tahun 2019 menjadi 12%, dan ditahun 2020 terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan yakni tercatat sebanyak 15% perusahaan manufaktur pada sub sektor basic materials yang lambat dalam memberikan laporan keuangannya (https://www.idx.co.id/).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 428, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan faktor internal dan eksternal dari sebuah perusahaan diantaranya profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP dan pendapat auditor. Faktor-faktor diatas dipilih menjadi variabel bebas dalam penelitian dikarenakan masih terdapat research gap antara faktor-faktor tersebut terhadap audit delay sehingga peneliti ingin mengkaji serta menganalisis kembali variabel bebas tentang faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay pada perusahaan manufaktur sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2016- 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 326, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 342, "width": 428, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian dilakukan pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dengan populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan manufaktur sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di BEI tahun 2016 s.d 2020. Sampel dalam penelitian ini dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling . Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 28 perusahaan untuk masing-masing periode. Jadi sebanyak 140 data yang akan diamati dalam 5 tahun pengamatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 450, "width": 136, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 Hasil Purposive Sampling", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 105, "top": 478, "width": 387, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Kriteria Sampel Jumla h 1. Perusahaan sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di BEI hingga tahun 2020. 86 2. Perusahaan sektor basic materials yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 542, "width": 385, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia namun tidak konsisten mempublikasikan laporan keuangan yang sudah di audit dan finansial statement selama 5 tahun berturut- turut, periode 2016 - 2020. (38) 3. Perusahaan yang tidak menggunakan mata uang rupiah (IDR). (20) Jumlah sampel perusahaan yang digunakan 28 Jumlah tahun pengamatan (2016 s.d 2020) 5 Total jumlah sampel selama periode penelitian 140 Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kuantitatif, yaitu tekanan pada pengujian teori melalui pengukuran variabel penelitian angka dan menganalisis dengan proses statistik untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay (Sugiyono, 2019) , pada perusahaan manufaktur yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2016 - 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3958", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model regresi yang digunakan adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 120, "width": 260, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2 + b3X3 + b4X4 + b5X5 + e", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 151, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 135, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = Audit Delay a = Konstanta b = Koefisien Regresi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 215, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= Profitabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 234, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X2 = Solvabilitas X3 = Ukuran Perusahaan X4 = Reputasi kantor akuntan publik (KAP)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 278, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X5 = Opini Auditor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e = Standar Error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 310, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dibawah ini dipaparkan definisi operasional variabel yang digunakan sesuai dengan tujuan penelitian sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 352, "width": 153, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 Definisi Operasional Variabel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 383, "width": 423, "height": 367, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No. Variabel Definisi Operasional Indikator Skala 1. Audit Delay Perbedaan waktu antara akhir tahun buku perusahaan (tanggal penutupan tahun buku) dengan tanggal yang tercantum dalam laporan auditor independen . Tanggal Penutupan Tahun Buku hingga Tanggal pengumpulan Laporan Audit Interval 2. Profitabili tas Kemampuan perusahaan untuk mencari keuntungan atau profit dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Diukur bedasarkan nilai ROA. Rasio 3. Solvabilit as Kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi semua kewajibannya. Diukur bedasarkan nilai DER. Rasio 4. Ukuran Perusahaa n Ukuran atau besarnya Total asset yang di miliki oleh perusahaan. UP = Ln Total Aset Rasio 5. Reputasi Kantor Akuntan Publik Badan usaha legal, yang digunakan sebagai tempat akuntan publik dalam memberikan Dummy : 1 = KAP Big Four 0 = KAP Non Big Four Nominal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3959", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 81, "top": 88, "width": 311, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "jasanya untuk mengaudit laporan keuangan. 6. Opini Auditor Pendapat yang di keluarkan auditor sebagai hasil penilaiannya atas kewajaran laporan keuangan yang disajikan perusahaan. Dummy 1 = U nqualified Opinion", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 283, "top": 177, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0 = Non Unqualified Opinion", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 459, "top": 165, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nominal", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 230, "width": 117, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 258, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 196, "top": 272, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 127, "top": 289, "width": 345, "height": 128, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 117.63 14.37 .00 8.18 .000 Profitabilitas .24 .44 .05 .55 .582 Solvabilitas .02 .07 .02 .21 .833 Ukuran Perusahaan -.88 .46 -.17 -1.93 .056 Reputasi KAP -2.42 3.77 -.06 -.64 .522 Opini Auditor -17.40 6.85 -.22 -2.54 .012 Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 434, "width": 343, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari persamaan model regresi di atas dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 452, "width": 9, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 450, "width": 410, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai konstanta (a) dalam model regresi ini sebesar 117,63. Artinya variabel independen (profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor) dalam keadaan tetap maka nilai dari audit delay sebesar 117,63%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 428, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Nilai koefisien regresi dari profitabilitas 0,24 yang bernilai positif, bermakna ketika profitabilitas meningkat, maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dan apabila profitabilitas menurun maka audit delay cenderung turun dengan nilai sebesar 24% keadaan ini menunjukkan kondisi yang searah atau sejalan antara profitabilitas dengan Audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Nilai koefisien regresi dari solvabilitas 0,02 nilai tersebut bernilai positif, menunjukkan bahwa variabel solvabilitas sejalan dengan audit delay dengan ketentuan jika solvabilitas mengalami peningkatan maka audit delay cenderung akan meningkat dan apabila solvabilitas menurun maka audit delay cenderung turun dengan nilai sebesar 2%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 657, "width": 429, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Hasil perolehan nilai koefisien regresi variabel ukuran perusahaan sebesar -0,88 (negative) yang berarti ketika ukuran perusahaan meningkat maka audit delay cenderung menurun, dan jika ukuran perusahaan mengalami penurunan maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dengan nilai sebesar 88%. Hal ini menunjukkan keadaan hubungan yang terbalik antara ukuran perusahaan dan audit delay yang berpengaruh negative .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3960", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Perolehan nilai koefisien regresi reputasi KAP senilai -2.42 (negative) dimana keadaan ini menunjukkan hubungan yang berlawanan antara reputasi KAP dengan audit delay dengan ketentuan jika variabel reputasi KAP mengalami peningkatan maka audit delay cenderung menurun dan apabila reputasi KAP menurun maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dengan nilai 2,42%.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "f. Nilai koefisien regresi opini auditor sebesar -17.40 (negative) yang artinya ketika opini auditor meningkat maka audit delay cenderung menurun sebaliknya jika opini auditor menurun maka audit delay cenderung meningkat dengan nilai 42,5%. Hal ini menunjukkan pengaruh negative antara opini auditor dan audit delay sehingga menghasilkan hubungan yang terbalik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian Hipotesis:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 271, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 285, "width": 312, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Statistik F ANOVA (Audit Delay) Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig Regression 3827.29 5 765.46 1.83 .112 Residual 56189.13 134 419.32 Total 60016.42 139 Sumber: Data Diolah peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 380, "width": 428, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji statistik F diperoleh nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,112 > 0,05 yang berasumsi semua faktor terikat (dependen) dalam pengamatan ini secara bersamaan (simultan) tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap variabel bebas (independen).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 440, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 454, "width": 342, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R2) Model Summary (Audit Delay) R R. Square Adjusted R square Std. Error of the Estimate .25 .06 .03 20.48 Sumber: Data Diolah peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 429, "height": 60, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji koefisien determinasi (R2) diperoleh nilai Adjusted R-Square sebesar 0,03 yang berarti variabel independen (profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor) mampu mempengaruhi audit delay secara bersama – sama sebesar 3%, sisanya 97% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain diluar faktor penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 598, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 612, "width": 352, "height": 131, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Parsial (Uji Statistik t) Coefficients (Audit Delay) Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 117.63 14.37 .00 8.18 .000 Profitabilitas .24 .44 .05 .55 .582 Solvabilitas .02 .07 .02 .21 .833 Ukuran Perusahaan -.88 .46 -.17 -1.93 .056 Reputasi KAP -2.42 3.77 -.06 -.64 .522 Opini Auditor -17.40 6.85 -.22 -2.54 .012", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3961", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 225, "top": 88, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 113, "width": 209, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bedasarkan hasil uji parsial (uji statistik t):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Nilai signifikansi profitabilitas (X1) senilai 0,582 > 0,05 diasumsikan profitabilitas secara parsial tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 161, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Nilai signifikansi variabel solvabilitas (X2) sebanyak 0,833 > 0,05 yang berarti secara parsial solvabilitas tidak signifikan mempengaruhi variabel dependen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Nilai signifikansi variabel ukuran perusahaan (X3) sebesar 0,056 > 0,05 dengan demikian secara parsial ukuran perusahaan tidak signifikan mempengaruhi variabel audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 240, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Nilai signifikansi variabel reputasi KAP (X4) sebesar 0,522 > 0,05 maka dari itu secara parsial reputasi KAP tidak signifikan mempengaruhi variabel audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e. Nilai signifikansi variabel opini auditor (X5) sebesar 0,012 < 0,05 dengan demikian secara parsial opini auditor signifikan mempengaruhi variabel audit delay.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 279, "top": 317, "width": 41, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 250, "top": 331, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Dominan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 119, "top": 348, "width": 354, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 117.63 14.37 .00 8.18 .000 Profitabilitas .24 .44 .05 .55 .582 Solvabilitas .02 .07 .02 .21 .833 Ukuran Perusahaan -.88 .46 -.17 -1.93 .056 Reputasi KAP -2.42 3.77 -.06 -.64 .522 Opini Auditor -17.40 6.85 -.22 -2.54 .012 Sumber: Data Diolah Peneliti .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 490, "width": 429, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji dominan dilihat dari “Standardized Coefficients Beta”, nilai yang diperoleh opini auditor jika diperhitungkan dengan variabel lainnya memiliki skor lebih tinggi yaitu -0,22 dimana lebih unggul dari pada nilai yang diperoleh variabel profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, dan reputasi KAP yang artinya opini auditor memiliki pengaruh yang dominan terhadap audit delay dibandingkan variabel independen lainnya yang diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor tidak memiliki pengaruh secara simultan terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Nilai disignifikansi yang lebih besar disebabkan peningkatan atau penurunan profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, reputasi KAP, dan opini auditor secara bersamaan tidak mempengaruhi peningkatan dan penurunan audit delay .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 713, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profitabilitas tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi, dimana hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3962", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 429, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penelitian mencerminkan bahwa setiap perusahaan, mempunyai kemampuan yang sama dalam menyelesaikan laporan auditor karena pihak perusahaan tetap berusaha menyerahkan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit oleh auditor sebelum batas waktu yang ditentukan oleh OJK, tanpa harus melihat tinggi rendahnya profitabilitas dari sebuah perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solvabilitas tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay. karena perolehan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Dimana hasil penelitian menunjukkan tinggi rendahnya solvabilitas yang dihasilkan suatu perusahaan tidak akan mempengaruhi kurun waktu dalam pengumpulan laporan keuangan auditor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ukuran Perusahaan tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial terhadap Audit Delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Hal demikian disebabkan perusahaan dengan asset besar maupun kecil mempunyai kemungkinan yang sama dalam menghadapi tekanan atas penyampaian laporan keuangan. Selain itu auditor menganggap dalam proses pengauditan berapapun jumlah aset yang dimiliki tiap-tiap perusahaan akan diperiksa dengan cara yang sama, sesuai dengan prosedur dalam SAK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 355, "width": 429, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reputasi KAP tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari taraf signifikansi. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa besar kecilnya reputasi KAP yang dikelompokkan menjadi KAP big four dan non big four memiliki kapabilitas yang sama dalam hal menyelesaikan laporan keuangan yang telah diaudit, dikarenakan setiap perusahaan yang diperiksa dengan cara yang sama dan sesuai standar professional akuntan publik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 429, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Opini Auditor berpengaruh signifikan secara parsial terhadap audit delay, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi. Apabila sebuah perusahaan memperoleh pernyataan Unqualified Opinion cenderung akan mengalami jumlah hari dalam audit delay yang singkat karena laporan keuangan perusahaan sudah disajikan secara wajar sesuai dengan standar akuntansi yang berlaku umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Opini Auditor mempunyai pengaruh yang dominan terhadap audit delay pada perusahaan, karena memiliki nilai signifikansi lebih unggul dari nilai variabel yang lainnya. Hal tersebut mengungkapkan bahwa pernyataan opini atas auditor memberikan pengaruh yang kuat terhadap waktu dalam penyampaian laporan keuangan. Karena dengan didapatkannya opini wajar tanpa pengecualian membuat perusahaan lebih cepat dalam hal publikasi, yang mengindikasikan bahwa laporan keuangan yang diberikan tidak terjadi salah saji material.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 404, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 795, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 487, "top": 795, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3963", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 257, "top": 100, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BIBLIOGRAFI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Afina S. P., Rahmawati H. Y. (2015). Analisis Faktor – Faktor yang Memengaruhi Audit Delay (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia) Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi YAI Jakarta. Jurnal Akuntansi , 19 (01).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 196, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ashton, Robert H., Willingham, John J., & Elliott, Robert K. (1987). An empirical analysis of audit delay. Journal of Accounting Research , 275 – 292. Google Scholar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 237, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Manik, Efrini Adriani. (2017). Kewajiban Hukum Emiten dalam Prinsip Keterbukaan Mengenai Informasi Proyeksi Perusahaan dalam Pasar Modal di Indonesia . 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Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Audit Delay pada perusahaan Manufaktur Tahun 2010-2014. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Riset Akuntansi (JIRA) , 5 (6). Google Scholar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 610, "width": 297, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian . Bandung: CV Alfabeta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 638, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yanto, Sri, & Rahmawati, E. K. A. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Audit Delay (Studi Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Tahun 2012- 2016). Competitive Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan , 2 (2), 13 – 33. Google Scholar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3964", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 310, "top": 795, "width": 204, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2022", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 251, "top": 90, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright holder:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 217, "top": 104, "width": 161, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mega Nanda, Tina Lestari (2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 131, "width": 196, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "First publication right: Syntax Literate: Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 171, "width": 151, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This article is licensed under:", "type": "Text" } ]

9b8573cd-534f-e5d5-eded-5acd328adb99

https://trigin.pelnus.ac.id/index.php/Computational/article/download/2/2

[ { "left": 219, "top": 29, "width": 174, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MECOMARE, 11 (2) (2022) pp. 60-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 792, "width": 155, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.trigin.pelnus.ac.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 252, "top": 46, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published by: TRIGIN Publisher", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 66, "width": 318, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "International Journal of Mechanical Computational and Manufacturing Research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 83, "width": 170, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: www.trigin.pelnus.ac.id", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 145, "width": 418, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 190, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon 1 , Solikhun 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 201, "width": 208, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 STIKOM Tunas Bangsa, North Sumatra, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 212, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 AMIK & STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Pematangsiantar, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 237, "width": 126, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLEINFO ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 117, "top": 258, "width": 108, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history: Received June 08, 2022 Revised July 02, 2022 Accepted August 28, 2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 239, "top": 258, "width": 285, "height": 277, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pineapple is a kind of organic product from the Bromeliaceae family which has the logical name Ananas comosus Merr. Pineapple plants have weathered skin and pointed leaves on top. The taste of new pineapple is a combination of sweet and slightly sharp. Pineapple is high in L-ascorbic acid, which helps cells fight damage, according to the Linus Pauling Organization at Oregon State College. L-ascorbic acid is also useful in managing medical conditions, such as heart disease and joint pain. However, due to the absence of consideration from the regions and local governments regarding pineapple on the island of Sumatra, it has caused several problems, especially data on pineapples related to the advantages, content, and uniqueness of pineapples to be used as pineapples. chaotic and diminishing pineapple production, especially on the island of Sumatra. Therefore, it is important to make a wish to know the assessed amount of Pineapple Organic Product Crop Creation on the island of Sumatra so that the public authorities on the island of Sumatra have endlessly clear references to decide on an approach or make major progress so that the development of pineapple on the island of Sumatra does not diminish. The method used in making predictions is the Fletcher- Reeves algorithm and is a method in ANN. In this study, the data used was the number of pineapple fruit plants on the island of Sumatra in 2012-2021 obtained from BPS. Given this information, organizational design models will not be fully defined, including 4-10-1, 4-15-1, 4-20- 1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1. Of these 5 models, then Training and Testing is done and the best architectural model result is 4-15-1 with the least (less) Performance/MSE test. With the lowest Performance/MSE level of 0.005488189 compared to the other 4 models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 323, "width": 69, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: ANN Fletcher-Reeves Gradient", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 116, "top": 370, "width": 109, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pineapple Fruit Production Prediction", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 289, "top": 544, "width": 235, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 102, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 382, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Solikhun Amik & STIKOM Tunas Bangsa Jl. Gen. Sudirman Blok A No.1, 2 & 3, Pematangsiantar City, North Sumatra, 21127, Indonesia. Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 100, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 443, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pineapple (Ananas comosus) is a tropical fruit plant with a sweet taste and an edible acidity, it is also the most economically important plant in the Bromiliaceacea family ( Hendra & Siregar, 2021 ). Pineapple is native to South America, and has been cultivated there for centuries ( Aku & Tengah, n.d. ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Indonesia, many individuals are developing pineapple plants. The benefit of pineapple is to keep the stomach related skeleton in your body ( Pavan et al., 2012 ). The results show that the chemical, one of the catalysts in pineapple, is very good for the organs associated with the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 443, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "stomach and can reduce the effects of diarrhea ( Sutomo & Kurnia, 2016 ). In addition, bromelain can also relieve disorders of the respiratory tract, pineapple is known to have normal diuretic properties ( Annisa, 2015 ). Thus, this tropical natural product can maintain health while helping the kidneys as an organ that works to remove toxins from the body ( Savitri, 2016 ). In addition, pineapple can also lower pulse rate and inhibit plaque formation in blood vessels ( Dalimartha & Adrian, 2011 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 442, "height": 112, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this review, what will be discussed is the Total Production of Pineapple Fruit Plants on the island of Sumatra which consists of the regions of Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, Bengkulu, Lampung, Kep. Bangka Belitung, and Kep. Riau ( Fauzi et al., 2012 ). The information comes from BPS Indonesia. Given the information on the Number of Pineapple Fruit Plants on Sumatra Island in 2012-2021 data obtained from the BPS Sumatra Island, it is known that the province with the highest production of pineapples was in 2012 in Lampung Province, amounting to 705,883 tons. In 2013 the area with the most pineapple production was still held by Lampung Province, which was 662,588 tons. Until 2014-2021, the largest number of pineapple production on the island of Sumatra is still held by the Province of Lampung. More specifically can be found in table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 327, "width": 435, "height": 128, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1 .Number of Pineapple Plants Production on Sumatra Island Source: Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) Province Year 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Aceh 734 1356 1143 1203 513 649 790 703 495 545 North Sumatra 16503 15825 13826 14568 16052 16354 22318 23751 22816 26200 West Sumatra 414 293 265 190 192 194 213 289 311 278 Riau 35488 21427 13253 95019 79327 94129 74388 10748 96172 92445 Jambi 32756 14952 13762 47275 44265 66094 14285 21881 15639 14486 South Sumatra 47604 13733 17985 13485 10901 57291 57521 57990 57887 47341 Bengkulu 385 333 236 200 172 156 243 228 319 482 Lampung 70583 66258 69923 62281 63305 453812 534775 560026 722620 585608 Kep. Bangka Belitung 6827 6052 2567 6089 4311 5266 2826 7372 15568 24107 Kep. Riau 5569 4054 2242 1952 1757 932 541 999 1709 1851", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 470, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Given the importance of pineapple for health, especially for people on the island of Sumatra, it is important to take into account the amount of production of organic pineapple products ( Press, n.d. ) which is assessed on the island of Sumatra so that public authorities on the island of Sumatra Have a clear reference without stopping to decide on arrangements or make important steps for the manufacture of pineapple on the island of Sumatra will not decrease from now, maybe develop consistently ( Shinta, 2001 ). A great method used to make predictions is backpropagation ( Utomo, 2022 ). The method used in this situation is the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm which is nothing but an ANN method in most cases used in making predictions ( Anam et al., 2021 ), for the reason that ( Windarto et al., 2020 ). This technique can predict information based on past information, so that existing results are obtained after proactive learning and preparation for remembering information that has occurred ( Rehalat, 2014 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 126, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 443, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The information sorting technique used is a quantitative method in conducting this research, in particular ( Hines, 1993 ). Data on the number of pineapple plants on the island of Sumatra were obtained through the BPS Sumatra website ( Dewi Susanti et al., 2021 ). The Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm technique which is a method in ANN is used in this research ( Zhang et al., 2006 ). This technique can make forecasts or predictions by looking at past information ( Sharma et al., 2007 ). As a general rule, how the Fletcher-reeves function can be understood is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 700, "width": 365, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Entering Training Data or Entering Input Data p=[0.1006 0.2869 0.1003 0.5021 0.1369 0.6395 0.1002 0.9000 0.1075 0.1061;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 723, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1013 0.1010 0.1001 0.3427 0.2694 0.2555 0.1002 0.8509 0.1067 0.1044;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 735, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1011 0.1009 0.1001 0.2501 0.2558 0.3037 0.1001 0.8925 0.1027 0.1023;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 746, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1012 0.2649 0.1000 0.2075 0.1534 0.2527 0.1000 0.8059 0.1067 0.1020]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 758, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Input Data Output Target", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 362, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "t=[0.1004 0.1011 0.1000 0.1897 0.1500 0.2234 0.1000 0.8175 0.1047 0.1018] 3. Create a Multi Layer Neural Network net = newff(minmax(p),[10,1],{'tansig','logsig'},'traincgf'); 4. Generate weight and tilt net. IW{1,1} net. LW{2,1} net. b{1} net. b{2}", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 236, "width": 399, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Default limit value Conjugate gradient backpropagation with Fletcher-Reeves (traincgf) net.train Param.epochs = 1000;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 259, "width": 185, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "net.train Param. shows = 25; net.train Param. showCommandLine = 0;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 282, "width": 171, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "net.train Param. showWindow = 1; net.train Param. goals = 0; net.train Param. time = inf; net.train Param. min_grad = 1e-6; net.train Param. max_fail = 5; net.train Param.searchFcn = 'srchcha'", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 351, "width": 96, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Doing Training net = train(net,p,t)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 374, "width": 202, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Checking the performance value obtained [a,Pf,Af,e,perf] = sim(net,p,[],[],t)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 370, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Enter Input information (Test) p1=[0.1005 0.2809 0.1000 0.2041 0.1730 0.1633 0.1000 0.6023 0.1057 0.1009;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 420, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1007 0.3469 0.1001 0.1822 0.2580 0.1635 0.1001 0.6920 0.1030 0.1004;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 431, "width": 331, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1006 0.3629 0.1001 0.2188 0.3422 0.1640 0.1001 0.7200 0.180 0.1009;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 443, "width": 336, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.1004 0.3524 0.1002 0.2063 0.2730 0.1639 0.1002 0.9000 0.1171 0.1017]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 454, "width": 368, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Enter target information (test) t1=[0.1004 0.3900 0.1001 0.2022 0.2603 0.1522 0.1004 0.7483 0.1265 0.1019]", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 477, "width": 268, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10. Re-enactment using test information from training results [a,Pf,Af ,e,perf] = sim(net,p1,[],[],t1) (Anam et al., 2017).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 81, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Data source", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 535, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this study, the data used were sourced from the website for information on the number of pineapple production on the island of Sumatra in 2012-2021 (Table 1) which was obtained from the BPS Sumatra website (Central Bureau of Statistics).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 116, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Research Structure", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 344, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research structure used in dealing with the problem is shown in Figure 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 439, "width": 91, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Research Step", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 358, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the description of the system above, each stage can be understood below: 1. Data collection", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 484, "width": 427, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this step, the BPS data obtained is data on the Total Production of Pineapple Fruit Plants on the Island of Sumatra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 507, "width": 442, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Data Separation For Training and Testing At this stage, information is shared for training and testing of 2012-2021 information for 2012- 2015 as a target with 2016 to be used as training data, and information for 2017-2020 with a 2021 target to be used as testing information. Once partitioned into 2 sets, the information will be normalized using sigmoid capabilities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 441, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Normalization of Data for Training and Testing At this stage, normalization of training and testing information is carried out involving the equations in Figure 2.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Input Training Data At this stage the normalized data is placed into the Matlab 2011b application for handling, then a multi-layer neural network (training data input) will be created.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 215, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Application of the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 646, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At this stage, a calculation or Fletcher-Reeves algorithm will be applied where for the formation of this multi-faceted brain network utilizing the ability of tansig and logsig.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 669, "width": 158, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Network Parameter Initialization", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 681, "width": 427, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "At this stage, initialization of network parameters is carried out based on the training function used (traincgf).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 704, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. Convergence", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 717, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Then at this stage enter the command to perform the preparation interaction and see the results when the performance is obtained and do it until the training gets convergence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 740, "width": 303, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8. Test Data Input and Test Simulation Based on Research Results", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 144, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Then run the normalized test data. However, the results of the training that have not received convergence, must return to the initialization stage of network parameters. Then next with the simulation of test data based on the results of the training.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 178, "width": 64, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9. Evaluation", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 191, "width": 428, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The last stage is evaluation in order to be able to check or assess the best architecture seen from the smallest (slight) Performance/MSE test.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 115, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Data Normalization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data is normalized which is used in condition (1) which will produce a value somewhere in the range of 0 and 1 (shouldn't be 0 and 1, let alone more than that), because it is an arrangement of standardization normalization ( Setiawan, 2019 ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 481, "top": 288, "width": 46, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Description: (X' = is the result of normalized data, x = is normalized data, a = is data with the smallest value, b = is maximum data with the largest value, 0.8 and 0.1 = is the value of normalization failure).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 167, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 129, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Normalization Results", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 396, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The attached table 2 is the result of normalization of the training data used, specifically from 2012 to 2015 with 2016 as the target. This information is seen from table 1. This information is normalized by using the sigmoid function as written in condition (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 442, "width": 396, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Normalization of Training Data` No Province 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 1 ACEH 0.1006 0.1013 0.1011 0.1012 0.1004 2 NORTH SUMATRA 0.2869 0.1010 0.1009 0.2649 0.1011 3 WEST SUMATRA 0.1003 0.1001 0.1001 0.1000 0.1000 4 RIAU 0.5021 0.3427 0.2501 0.2075 0.1897 5 JAMBI 0.1369 0.2694 0.2558 0.1534 0.1500 6 SOUTH SUMATRA 0.6395 0.2555 0.3037 0.2527 0.2234 7 BENGKULU 0.1002 0.1002 0.1001 0.1000 0.1000 8 LAMPUNG 0.9000 0.8509 0.8925 0.8059 0.8175 9 KEEP. BANGKA BELITUNG 0.1075 0.1067 0.1027 0.1067 0.1047 10 KEEP. RIAU 0.1061 0.1044 0.1023 0.1020 0.1018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 566, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3 attached is the result of the normalization of the tests used, especially 2017-2020 with the same target in 2021. This information is taken based on table 1. This information is also normalized using the sigmoid function as written in condition (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 609, "width": 396, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Normalization of Test Data No Province 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 ACEH 0.1005 0.1007 0.1006 0.1004 0.1004 2 NORTH SUMATRA 0.2809 0.3469 0.3629 0.3524 0.3900 3 WEST SUMATRA 0.1000 0.1001 0.1001 0.1002 0.1001 4 RIAU 0.2041 0.1822 0.2188 0.2063 0.2022 5 JAMBI 0.1730 0.2580 0.3422 0.2730 0.2603 6 SOUTH SUMATRA 0.1633 0.1635 0.1640 0.1639 0.1522 7 BENGKULU 0.1000 0.1001 0.1001 0.1002 0.1004 8 LAMPUNG 0.6023 0.6920 0.7200 0.9000 0.7483 9 KEEP. BANGKA BELITUNG 0.1057 0.1030 0.180 0.1171 0.1265 10 KEEP. RIAU 0.1009 0.1004 0.1009 0.1017 0.1019", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In Tables 2 and 3, the handling of information is assisted by the matlab 2011b tool in determining the best architectural model with Fletcher-Reeves. The architecture used is 5 models, namely 4-10- 1, 4-15-1, 4-20-1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1. The step-by-step instructions for deciding the best design", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "65", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "model with the Fletcher-Reeves strategy is to determine the minimum error from the training and testing process carried out. In this review, the code parameters used are broken down using the Matlab 2011b application which should be seen in figure 3 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 559, "width": 149, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. Parameters And Program Code", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 190, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Ratio of Architectural Models Used", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 442, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The architectural model used in this study uses input data (input layer) = 4, hidden layers = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30. Output layer = 1. After training and testing information with the 4-10-1 architect model, 4-15 -1, 4-20-1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1 using Matlab 2011b and Microsoft Excel applications, so at that time the best engineering model was 4-15-1 with the lowest Performance/MSE ( a little). The lowest Performance/MSE level is 0.005488189 compared to the other 4 models. The correlation of the 5 building models used can be seen in table 4 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 681, "width": 424, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Architectural Model Ratio No Architectural Model Training Testing epoch actual Error Performance epoch actual Error Performance 1 4-1O-1 200 0.1000 - 0.0008 0.000000165 200 0.098 0.00013 0.010121605 2 4-15-1 15 0.066 - 0.1495 0.006225211 15 0.066 -0.20432 0.005488189 3 4-20-1 32 0.114 - 0.0281 0.000714844 32 0.114 -0.01396 0.008846964", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 144, "width": 424, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Architectural Model Training Testing epoch actual Error Performance epoch actual Error Performance 4 4-25-1 161 0.101 - 0.0009 0.000000926 161 0.099 -0.00066 0.018542157 5 4-30-1 162 0.1 - 0.0002 0.000000032 162 0.1 0.000004 0.008766778", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 180, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.3 Best Architectural Model (4-15-1)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 372, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The best architectural model, namely 4-15-1, obtained the following training results.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 546, "width": 181, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Architectural Model 4-15-1 as best result", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From Figure 4, it tends to make sense that training with preparation using the 4-15-1 structure model gives an epoch of 25 iterations, and this model is the best architecture compared to the other 4 models. Tables for training and testing can be seen in table 5 and table 6 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 613, "width": 277, "height": 151, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Architectural Model Training Data 4-15-1 Pattern Target (Y1) Epoch 15 actual Error SSE 1 0.1004 0.067 0.0334 0.001114662 2 0.1011 0.0918 0.0093 0.0000085713 3 0.1000 0.0663 0.0337 0.001137219 4 0.1897 0.3001 -0.1104 0.012181364 5 0.1500 0.1923 -0.0423 0.001790627 6 0.2234 0.3644 -0.1410 0.019867231 7 0.1000 0.0663 0.0337 0.001135690 8 0.8175 0.967 -0.1495 0.022354166 9 0.1047 0.0679 0.0368 0.001353652 10 0.1018 0.0667 0.0351 0.001231783 Table 6. Architectural Model Testing Data 4-15-1 Pattern Target (Y2) Epoch 15", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 29, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 29, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN 2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 781, "width": 417, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hose Fernando Tampubolon, Predicting the Amount of Pineapple Production in Sumatra Using the Fletcher-Reeves Algorithm", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 514, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 144, "width": 266, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "actual Error SSE 1 0.1004 0.0666 0.0338 0.001144520 2 0.3900 0.3655 0.0245 0.000602466 3 0.1001 0.0664 0.0337 0.001138057 4 0.2022 0.156 0.0462 0.002133849 5 0.2603 0.2244 0.0359 0.001286924 6 0.1522 0.1115 0.0407 0.001660479 7 0.1004 0.0664 0.0340 0.001153349 8 0.7483 0.9526 -0.2043 0.041745170 9 0.1265 0.0736 0.0529 0.002800681 10 0.1019 0.067 0.0349 0.001216399", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 258, "width": 75, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.4 Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After training and testing information on the 4-10-1, 4-15-1, 4-20-1, 4-25-1, 4-30-1 engineering models using Matlab and Microsoft Excel, the architectural model was obtained 4- The best 15-1 with the lowest Performance/MSE Test score is 0.005488189.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 323, "width": 422, "height": 72, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 7. Comparison of Overall Model Results Algorithm Architecture Training Function Epoch (Iteration) MSE Training MSE Testing/Performance Fletcher-Powell Conjugate Gradient 4-10-1 traincgf 200 0.00000016 0.01012161 4-15-1 traincgf 15 0.00622521 0.00548819 4-20-1 traincgf 32 0.00071484 0.00884696 4-25-1 traincgf 161 0.00000093 0.01854216 4-30-1 traincgf 162 0.000000003 0.00876678", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 204, "top": 577, "width": 204, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. MSE Testing / Performance Comparison Chart", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 598, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 621, "width": 442, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Considering the results of the research that has been described and written in this article, it is possible to reason that the Fletcher-Reeves Calculation technique can be used to predict How Much Pineapple Plants Are Production in Sumatra Island as a work to assist public authorities. so that the public authorities on the island of Sumatra have endless great references. it is clear to decide on an approach or to make important progress so that the creation of natural pineapple products on the island of Sumatra does not decline. The method used in making predictions is the Fletcher-Reeves algorithm and is a method in ANN. In this study, the data used was the number of pineapple fruit plants on the island of Sumatra in 2012-2021 obtained from BPS. Given this information, the organizational design model will not be fully defined, including 4-10-1, 4-15-1, 4- 20-1, 4-25-1 and 4-30-1. From these 5 models, then Training and Testing was carried out and the best architectural model was obtained, namely 4-15-1 with the least (slight) Performance/MSE test. With the lowest Performance/MSE level of 0.005488189 compared to the other 4 models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 28, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 451, "top": 29, "width": 69, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN2301-4148", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 789, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "int. J. MECOMARE, Vol.11, No. 2, August 2022: pp 60-68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 247, "top": 144, "width": 118, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 167, "width": 442, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "We would like to thank all those who have contributed to this research, so that the research can be carried out properly.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 202, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 224, "width": 244, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AKU, A., & Tengah, P. A. (n.d.). Pusat asal tanaman. Biologi .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 235, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anam, S., Maulana, M. H. A. A., Hidayat, N., Yanti, I., Fitriah, Z., & Mahanani, D. M. (2021). Predicting the Number of COVID-19 Sufferers in Malang City Using the Backpropagation Neural Network with the Fletcher –Reeves Method. Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing , 2021 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 442, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANNISA, A. (2015). Uji efektivitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit nanas (Ananas comosus. L) terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans penyebab karies gigi . UPT. Perpustakaan Unand. Dalimartha, S., & Adrian, F. (2011). Khasiat buah dan sayur . 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7b764a7a-e21e-c4e1-cb87-94ffab9d1d2e

https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/ims/article/download/3555/2297

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As it is known that the Sunan Kalijogo Jabung Islamic Boarding School has been committed to upholding the values of Sufism education, and has been used as the basis for the behavior of the pesantren. The approach in this study uses a qualitative approach to the type of phenomenological research. This research data collection uses three techniques, namely: (1) in-depth interviews (in-depth interviews); (2) participant observation (participant observation); and (3) study document (study document). For data analysis using descriptive techniques whose application is carried out in three activity lines, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions or verification. The data checking technique used in this research is triangulation technique. The multicultural values applied in Sufism education at the Sunan Kalijogo Jabung Islamic Boarding School are the values of tolerance, values of democracy/freedom, values of equality/equality, and values of justice. Keywords :", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 190, "top": 432, "width": 287, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Internalization multicultural values, Sufism education, Islamic boarding school.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 458, "width": 207, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN/INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 478, "width": 485, "height": 237, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan pada tataran teoritis yang banyak dibahas dalam berbagai kegiatan. Pendidikan sejatinya mampu mengenali, mengakomodasi semua skenario, memahami pluralisme, dan menghargai keragaman suku, bangsa, dan khususnya agama. 1 Telah terjadi kerusuhan di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan ras, agama, dan suku. Konflik agama juga menyebabkan kerusuhan di Ambon dan Sampit, dan telah terjadi perselisihan antar agama, seperti pada penyerangan terhadap penganut Syiah pada Agustus 2012 di Dusun Nangkernang, Desa Karang Gayam, Kecamatan Omben, dan Kabupaten Sampang, Madura, Jawa Timur. Dua orang Syiah tewas seluruhnya, enam lainnya menderita luka kritis, sementara lusinan penduduk lokal lainnya terluka ringan. Padahal, kasus ini sudah berlangsung sejak tahun 2004. Pembakaran rumah Tajul Muluk, rumah dua jemaah Syiah lainnya, dan mushola kecil yang digunakan sebagai tempat ibadah menandai puncak dari kejadian tersebut. Tajul Muluk adalah ketua Ikatan Jemaat Ahl al-Bait (IJABI). Sekitar 500 orang yang mengidentifikasikan sebagai penganut Ahlus Sunnah wal Jama'ah melakukan perbuatan tersebut.. 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 755, "width": 483, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Dawam, Emoh Sekolah “Menolak komersialisasi pendidikan dan Kanibalisme Intelektual menuju Pendidikan Multikultural”, Yogyakarta: Inspeal Prees, 2003). 87- 88", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 149, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 http://news.okezone.com, 2 Maret 2018", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 64, "top": 39, "width": 226, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal MULTICULTURAL of Islamic Education p-ISSN (cetak) : 2598-506X e-ISSN (online) : 2598-5957", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 353, "top": 34, "width": 191, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Magister Pendidikan Agama Islam FAI Universitas Yudharta Pasuruan http://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/index.php/ims", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 385, "top": 73, "width": 153, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 364, "top": 86, "width": 177, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume xx Nomor xx Desember 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[17] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan multikultural yang diselenggarakan di dunia pendidikan dipercaya bisa menjadi jalan keluar yang nyata terhadap kesenjangan sosial dan ketidak harmonisan yang ada di tengah-tengah masyarakat, terutama yang sering terjadi di masyarakat Indonesia yang majemuk dan plural. Dengan kata lain, pendidikan multikultural bisa menjadi sarana alternatif terhadap penyelesaian konflik sosial budaya. al-Qur’an meliihat bahwa pendidikan adalah hal yang paling inti dalam kehidupan. Disamping itu, pendidikan juga merupakan sesuatu yang penting bagi setiap orang dan masyarakat. Pentingnya pendidikan ini bukan hanya terbatas kepada suatu kelompok, bangsa, masyarakat atau pada masa dan waktu tertentu, tetapi pendidikan meliputi seluruh umat manusia dan masyarakat Islam akhir-akhir ini. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 247, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengingat bahwa pentingnya sebuah pendidikan maka pendidikan tasawuf mengusung gagasan pendidikan antarbudaya (selera) berbasis afektif, yang memiliki sifat membangun paradigma keberagaman yang inklusif. tumbuhnya toleransi, kecintaan pada kerukunan, kebaikan, dan kemanfaatan, serta saling menghormati dan menyayangi satu sama lain; ini semua diperlukan untuk belajar hidup dengan perbedaan. Kompetensi kognitif dan rasa mahabbah (cinta) kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya diharapkan hasil dari pendidikan ini. Karena mahabbah ini memiliki kemampuan untuk menciptakan perilaku psikologis yang positif dalam perkataan, perbuatan, sikap, persepsi, dan gagasan, menurut psikologi tasawuf. 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 409, "width": 485, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan tasawuf bernuansa multikultural sebagian besar sejalan dengan semangat ajaran tasawuf yang mengedepankan moralitas multikultural melalui dua hal: pertama, “husn al-mu’amalah ma’a al-nas” (berperilaku baik dengan sesama manusia), dan kedua , \"al-Sidq ma'a Allah\" (jujur di sisi Allah). Dengan demikian, hasil yang diharapkan dari pengembangan pendidikan multikultural adalah terwujudnya perilaku alim dan akhlak mulia. Hal ini sesuai dengan ruh dan ruh ajaran tasawuf yang menekankan pada akhlak mulia, serta landasan aksiologis psikologi tasawuf. , yang menekankan cita-cita moral. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 531, "width": 491, "height": 155, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan tasawuf yang dikembangkan di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung adalah penerapan tasawuf amali dan tasawuf akhlaqi. Tasawuf amali bisa diperhatikan pada praktek tasawuf Tarekat Naqsyabandiyah yang diterapkan oleh Pondok Pesantren ini. Tasawuf amali lebih menitik beratkan pada pembinaan akhlak atau moral dalam upaya mendekatkan diri kepada Allah. Tasawuf amali yaitu tasawuf yang mengkaji tentang bagaimana cara agar diri menjadi lebih dekat kepada Allah yang ditempuh melalui tarekat. Pengertian dari Tarekat itu sendiri yaitu berasal dari kata thariqah yang memiliki arti jalan yang harus dilalui atau ditempuh oleh seseorang untuk mendekatkan diri kepada Allah SWT.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 693, "width": 485, "height": 34, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung dikembangkan dangan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf melalui thariqah Naqsyabandiyah. Thariqah Naqsyabandiyah termasuk thariqah yang muktabaroh yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 755, "width": 421, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Muhammad, Pendidikan di alaf baru “Rekonstruksi atas moralitas pendidikan” Jogyakarta: Prismashophie, 2003). 60-61", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Ibid", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 21, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 Ibid", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[18] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 84, "width": 485, "height": 116, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ada di Indonesia. 6 Thariqah ini lebih menitik beratkan pada suatu pemahaman hakikat dan tasawuf yang mengusung unsur-unsur pemahaman rohani yang lebih spesifik, seperti tentang rasa atau dzauq. Di dalam pemahaman yang menetapkan atau mengisbatkan Dzat ketuhanan dan mengisbatkan sifat ma'nawiyah yang terkandung di dalam roh anak adam maupun pengakuan di dalam fana’ billah maupun berkekalan dalam baqa’ billah yang melibatkan dzkir secara sirri yakni dzikir-dzikir di dalam hati (hudurun kalbu/menghadirkan hati). ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 207, "width": 485, "height": 196, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung bisa disebut sebagai gambaran atau miniatur tentang Indonesia, sebab di dalam pesantren tersebut memiliki bermacam-macam budaya yang berasal dari berbagai macam daerah karena dibawa oleh para santri. Sehingga Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini bisa dikatakan pesantren multikultural. Keberagaman yang terdapat pada Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini seperti keberagaman yang terdapat pada bangsa Indonesia. Artinya, pada satu sisi keberagaman yang ada di pesantren ini dapat menjadi sesuatu yang konstruktif atau juga dapat menjadi sesuatu yang destruktif. Tergantung bagaimana cara menilai dan menyikapi terhadap keragaman tersebut. Sehingga, hal tersebut dapat menjadi bahan kajian dan sebuah tantangan bagi Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung untuk membuat keberagaman yang dimilikinya itu menjadi sesuatu yang positif dan menjadi kekhasan dari pesantren tersebut sebagai pesantren yang multikultural.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 409, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Multikultural menurut KH. Muzaki Nur Salim, merupakan sebuah sikap yang toleran terhadap suatu perbedaan yang diusung dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf yang terdapat di pondok pesantren, yaitu keimanan dan ketaqwaan (keadilan), kesederhanaan (kesamaan), kesabaran (toleransi), ngalah (toleransi), qonaah (keadilan), loman (toleransi), keikhlasan (toleransi dan demokrasi) dan kasih sayang (toleransi, demokrasi, keadilan dan kesetaraan). 7 Dari sinilah kemudian Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung merasa harus memberikan sebuah pemahaman tentang nilai multikultural bagi para santri dengan cara menanamkan dan menumbuhkan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf agar para santri meliliki dan menerapkan nilai-nilai pendidikan multicultural dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 485, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari latar belakang yang telah dipaparkan di atas, maka peneliti tertarik untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji lebih dalam lagi tentang “Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Multikultural Dalam Pendidikan Tasawuf di Pondok Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 652, "width": 122, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE/METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 672, "width": 485, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu sebuah penelitian yang mengedepankan dan menitikberatkan pada penelitian data atau realitas persoalan berdasarkan pada pengungkapan hal-hal yang telah diekspolarasikan dan dituangkan oleh para responden dan data yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 372, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6 Sri Mulyati, Mengenal Dan Memahami Tarekat-Tarekat Muktabarah Di Indonesia (Jakarta: Kencana, 2005). 91.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 20, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7 Ibid", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[19] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 84, "width": 485, "height": 177, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dikumpulkan berupa kata-kata, dokumen atau gambar-gambar dan bukan angka. 8 Sedangkan jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah fenomenologi. fenomenologi adalah suatu pendekatan yang mengkaji tentang fenomena-fenomena yang muncul dan menjelma. Pendekatan ini muncul dari anggapan bahwa sesuatu bisa dipahami dan dimengerti secara utuh hanya dengan mengkaji fenomena. 9 Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik yaitu: (1) wawancara mendalam (indepth interview); (2) observasi partisipan (participant observation); dan (3) studi dokumentasi (study document). Dan pada analisis datanya menggunakan teknik deskriptif yang dalam penerapannya dilakukan tiga alur kegiatan, yakni reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Teknik pemeriksaan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teknik triangulasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 288, "width": 327, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN/RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 308, "width": 485, "height": 196, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pondok Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung bisa disebut sebagai gambaran atau miniatur indonesia, karena di dalam pesantren tersebut terdapat bermacam-macam kebudayaan yang di bawa oleh para santri dari berbagai macam daerah. Sehingga Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini bisa dikatakan pesantren multikultural. Keberagaman yang terdapat pada Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung ini seperti keberagaman yang terdapat pada bangsa Indonesia. Artinya, pada satu sisi keberagaman yang ada di pesantren ini dapat menjadi sesuatu yang konstruktif atau juga dapat menjadi sesuatu yang destruktif. Tergantung bagaimana cara menilai dan menyikapi terhadap keragaman tersebut. Sehingga, hal tersebut dapat menjadi bahan kajian dan sebuah tantangan bagi Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung untuk membuat keberagaman yang dimilikinya itu menjadi sesuatu yang positif dan menjadi kekhasan dari pesantren tersebut sebagai pesantren yang multikultural. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 510, "width": 485, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“ Multikultural menurut KH. Muzaki Nur Salim, merupakan sebuah sikap yang toleran terhadap suatu perbedaan yang diusung dengan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf yang terdapat di pondok pesantren, yaitu keimanan dan ketaqwaan (keadilan), kesederhanaan (kesamaan), kesabaran (toleransi), ngalah (toleransi), qonaah (keadilan), loman (toleransi), keikhlasan (toleransi dan demokrasi) dan kasih sayang (toleransi, demokrasi, keadilan dan kesetaraan). 10 Dari sinilah kemudian Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung merasa harus memberikan sebuah pemahaman tentang nilai multikultural bagi para santri dengan cara menanamkan dan menumbuhkan nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf agar para santri meliliki dan menerapkan nilai-nilai pendidikan multicultural dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. 11 ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 672, "width": 485, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari data yang diperoleh peneliti mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat nilai-nilai multikultural dalam pendidikan tasawuf di Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 713, "width": 84, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Nilai Keadilan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 745, "width": 309, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "8 Moleong J, Lexy. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif . ( Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2014). 3", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 755, "width": 323, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9 Creswell, John W, Penelitian Kualitatif & Desain Riset , (Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar, 2014). 87", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 765, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10 Ibid", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 57, "top": 775, "width": 275, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 Wawancara dengan KH. Muzaki Nur Salim. 15 Juni 2022, pukul 15.00 WIB.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[20] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai keadilan adalah membagi sama banyak, atau memberikan hak yang sama kepada santri dengan porsi yang sama. Seperti, semua santri berhak mendapatkan nilai yang sama dalam mata pelajaran yang sama dengan kemampuannya yang sama. Oleh karena itu, nilai keadilan juga dapat diartikan dengan cara memberikan hak dan kwajiban yang seimbang, atau memberikan sesuatu pada seseorang sesuai dengan kadar kebutuhannya. Seperti contoh dalam hal evaluasi di akhir pembelajaran santri diberikan pertanyaan terkait materi yang sudah dipelajari sesuai dengan tingkat kecerdasannya. Karena dalam persoalan di atas, pengertian adil yang digunakan ialah adil berdasarkan dengan ukuran dan porsinya, bukan adil dalam pengertian yang membagi sama rata seperti pengertian yang pertama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 267, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai keadilan juga tercermin dari kegiatan manjing suluk dimana santri diberikan tugas dzikir sesuai dengan maqom atau tingkatannya. Seperti halnya santri yang masih berada di maqom pertama diberikan kewajiban dzikir sejumlah dua puluh lima ribu dalam sehari semalam dan santri yang berada di maqom satu tingkat di atas maqom pertama maka diberikan kewajiban dzikir sejumlah maqom pertama dengan ditambah seribu dzikir dalam sehari semalam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 369, "width": 82, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Nilai toleransi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 390, "width": 471, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung di dalamya terdapat santri-santri yang berasal dari berbagai macam daerah dan tentunya tiap-tiap daerah memiliki cara dan budaya yang berbeda antara satu daerah dengan daerah lainnya. Hal ini akhirnya, dapat menjadi sebuah tantangan tersendiri bagi Pondok Pesantren tersebut untuk bisa mengelola perbedaan-perbedaan yang ada ini agar menjadi sesuatu yang berdampak positif. Itu sebabnya, prinsip yang dijadikan dasar pijakan Pesanren tersebut dalam menanamkan nilai-nilai multikultural adalah sikap toleransi. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 511, "width": 471, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan tasawuf yang diterapkan di Pondok Pesantren Sunan kalijogo Jabung, terlihat adanya beberapa kegiatan yang secara jelas menggambarkan aspek nilai toleransi, yakni pada kegiatan shalat berjamaah, tawajuhan dan khususiyah, “Santri yang lebih muda menghormati santri yang lebih tua. Junior menghargai dan ingin meneladani kebaikan senior. Sementara senior mengasihi dan membimbing junior. Santri yang maqom atau tingkatannya lebih rendah mau belajar dan bertanya kepada santri yang maqom dan tingkatannya lebih tinggi. Dari situ nampak bahwa suasana dan sikap kebersamaan santri di pesantren ini selalu terjalin terus menerus dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan tentunya akan mengakibatkan pada suasana keakraban serta persaudaraan santri. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 674, "width": 148, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Nilai demokrasi (kebebasan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 694, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai demokrasi mengandung pengertian adanya pandangan hidup yang mengutarakan persamaan hak dan kewajiban serta perlakuan yang sama di dalam berlangsungnya proses belajar mengajar antara pendidik dan pserta didik, serta keterlibatan lembaga pendidikan. Demokrasi adalah keadaan jiwa yang ingin melakukan suatu perbuatan sesuai dengan kehendak hati dan pikirannya. Di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[21] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 85, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sini kebebasan yang dimaksudkan adalah kebebasan yang positif. Lebih tepatnya, kebebasan yang berdasarkan pada ketentuan Allah SWT, yaitu kebebasan untuk menjalankan syariat agama yang telah ditetapkan Allah SWT dan lepas dari belenggu hawa nafsu. Hal ini bisa dilaksanakan melalui memperbanyak berdzikir, membersihkan hati dari sifat-sifat tercela melalui manjing suluk, tawajuhan dan shalat malam. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam pendidikan tasawuf nilai demokrasi tercermin dari beberapa kegiatan seperti contoh manjing suluk. Kyai tidak memaksakan pada santri untuk manjing suluk sesuai dengan keinginan beliau akan tetapi santri diberikan kebebasan untuk menentukan waktunya kapan mereka manjing suluk. Santri juga diberikan kebebasan tempat dan waktu melaksanakan dzikir, dalam melaksanakan dzikir santri tidak ditentukan tempatnya dimana dan waktunya kapan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 288, "width": 91, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Nilai kesetaraan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 309, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai kesetaraan adalah adanya proses pendidikan yang tidak menjadikan dan memperlakukan peserta didik satu lebih spesial dari peserta didik lainnya, atau sebaliknya menjadikan salah satu peserta didik lebih rendah dari peserta didik lainnya dengan alasan apa pun. Apakah itu terkait dengan fasilitas yang diberikan atau pun perlakuan dari pendidik atau lembaga pendidikan itu sendiri. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 471, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai kesetaraan ini tercermin dalam semua kegiatan pendidikan tasawuf di Pondok Pesantren Sunan kalijogo Jabung dimana KH. Muzaki Nur Salim tidak pernah membeda-bedakan santri- santrinya, tidak pernah memperlakukan santri yang satu lebih khusus atau lebih spesial dari santri lainnya atau sebaliknya memperlakukan santri yang satu lebih rendah dari santri lainnya. Meskipun santri-santri itu memiliki latar belakang keluarga yang berbeda-beda, latar belakan sosial yang berbeda-beda. Salah satu contoh di dalam kegiatan tawajuhan tidak ada santri yang maqom atau tingkatannya lebih tinggi berada di bagian depan dibanding santri-santri yang maqomnya lebih rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 572, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai kesetaraan juga tercermin dalam pembelajaran di kelas dimana proses pembelajarannya guru tidak menjadikan dan memperlakukan santri yang satu lebih spesial dari santri lainnya, atau sebaliknya menjadikan salah satu santri lebih rendah dari santri lainnya dengan alasan apa pun. Apakah itu terkait dengan fasilitas yang diberikan atau pun perlakuan dari pendidik itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 666, "width": 176, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN/CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 95, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai-nilai multikultural yang diterapkan dalam pendidikan tasawuf di Pondok Pondok Pesantren Sunan Kalijogo Jabung adalah nilai toleransi, nilai demokrasi/kebebasan, nilai kesamaan/kesetaraan, dan nilai keadilan. Keempat nilai tersebut tercermin dalam kegiatan-kegiatan pendidikan tasawuf dan terkonsep dalam nilai-nilai pendidikan tasawuf di pondok pesantren tersebut, yakni nilai keimanan dan ketaqwaan, taubat, nilai kesederhanaan, nilai kesabaran, nilai mendahulukan orang lain (ngalah), nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 45, "width": 106, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[22] Sutiyo, Ahmad Ma’ruf", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 797, "width": 456, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTERNALISASI NILAI NILAI MULTIKULTURAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF DI PONDOK PESANTREN SUNAN KALIJOGO JABUNG", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 283, "top": 46, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MULTICULTURAL p-ISSN: 2598-506X , e-ISSN: 2598-5957 Volume 6 Nomor 1 Oktober 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 85, "width": 485, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "nriman (qanaah), nilai kedermawanan (loman), nilai keikhlasan, nilai kasih sayang dan nilai kerukunan/ kebersamaan. ”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 146, "width": 202, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA/REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 166, "width": 419, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Creswell, John W, Penelitian Kualitatif & Desain Riset, Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 186, "width": 484, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dawam, Emoh Sekolah. “Menolak komersialisasi pendidikan dan Kanibalisme Intelektual menuju Pendidikan Multikultural” , Yogyakarta: Inspeal Prees, 2003. http://news.okezone.com, 2 Maret 2018 Moleong J, Lexy. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif, Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 267, "width": 484, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad, Pendidikan di alaf baru “Rekonstruksi atas moralitas pendidikan” , Jogyakarta: Prismashophie, 2003.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 308, "width": 463, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri Mulyati, Mengenal Dan Memahami Tarekat-Tarekat Muktabarah Di Indonesia Jakarta: Kencana, 2005.", "type": "Text" } ]

8d79456a-0a58-b946-bca7-376c22c1884c

https://jurnal.itscience.org/index.php/educendikia/article/download/1439/990

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Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan desain eksperimen Pretest dan Posttest. Pengambilan sampel ini diambil dari jumlah populasi mengingat populasi hanya ada satu kelas maka populasi merupakan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu kelas III yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Data instrumen diambil dengan teknik tes. Instrumen yang digunakan berbentuk essay yang berjumlah 8 soal. Pengumpulan data diambil dengan teknik tes. Data analisis menggunakan uji-Z dengan taraf kepercayaan α = 0,05 diperoleh bahwa Z hitung > Z tabel (11,83> 1,64), sehingga dapat disimpulkan signifikan tuntas bahwa terdapat peningkatan hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran Example Non Example.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 348, "width": 271, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : Penerapan Example Non Example , Matematika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 439, "width": 77, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 471, "height": 106, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan bagi kehidupan manusia merupakan kebutuhan primer atau mutlak yang harus dipenuhi sepanjang hayat. Salah satu bentuk menempuh pendidikan adalah dengan belajar di sekolah sesuai dengan jenjangnya. Dua komponen utama dalam kegiatan belajar di sekolah, yaitu siswa dan guru. Kegiatan pembelajaran dilaksanakan oleh guru dan diterima oleh siswa. Kegiatan pembelajaran diarahkan untuk memberdayakan semua potensi peserta didik agar menguasai kompetensi yang diharapkan. Guru harus mengembangkan kemampuan pengetahuan siswa, pemahaman, dan kreatifitas. Menciptakan kondisi yang menyenangkan di kelas tetapi tetap terfokus pada materi yang disampaikan. Mengajarkan nilai, etika, logika, dan kinestika,serta menyediakan pengalaman belajar yang beragam .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 571, "width": 471, "height": 64, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Proses pembelajaran adalah adalah proses komunikasi dan interaksi antara guru dan siswa di dalam kelas. Guru harus memberikan atau menyampaikan materi dengan jelas agar dapat dipahami oleh siswa. Seperti memberikan konsep kepada siswa supaya siswa dapat berpikir kritis serta mengembangkan pemahaman konsep yang diberikan oleh guru. Tetap guru harus mengarahkan pemahaman siswa agar tidak terjadi miskonsepsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam suatu proses pembelajaran guru hendaknya dapat menciptakan suasana belajar yang kondusif, yaitu suasana belajar yang efektif, aktif, kreatif, mandiri, inovatif, memberikan rasa nyaman, menyenangkan, mendorong siswa untuk dapat memahami materi pelajaran yang telah disampaikan. Oleh karena itu, hal tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar yang diperoleh serta siswa mampu menerapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Agar dapat menerapkan suasana belajar yang kondusif, seorang guru hendaknyamenggunakan model, strategi, atau metode dalam pembelajaran. Dengan menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "model siswa lebih dapat memahami materi dengan baik, siswa lebih aktif dalam pembelajaran dan kondisi di dalam kelas menjadi kondusif. Salah satu mata pelajaran yang ada di SD yaitu matematika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 471, "height": 119, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Matematika adalah ilmu pengetahuan yang didapat dengan berpikir (bernalar). Matematika lebih menekankan kegiatan dalam dunia rasio (penalaran), bukan menekankan dari hasil eksperimen atau hasil observasi metematika terbentuk karena pikiran-pikiran manusia, yang berhubungan dengan idea, proses, dan penelaran. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa matematika merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari tentang penelaran yang terbentuk karena pikiran-pikiran manusia yang membentuk ide-ide, proses dan penalaran.Mengajar matematika yang baik, bagus, dan tidak membosankan dilakukan dengan buat pembelajaran dalam berbentuk gambar-gambar yang nantinya akan dianalisis oleh masing-masing siswa yang terbentuk dalam beberapa kelompok dan siswa akan menyimpulkan dengan begitu pembelajaran tidak akan membosankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 471, "height": 146, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil observasi yang didapat terhadap guru kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan, dalam proses pembelajaran matematika guru masih menggunakan model konvensional dan ceramah yang dimana peserta didik lebih banyak mendengar, peserta didik mengetahui sesuatu, bukan mampu melakukan sesuatu, dan siswa kurang aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Sehingga selama proses pembelajran suasana kelas belum kondusif, sebagian besar hasil belajar matematika masih dibawah KKM ialah 65, sering sekali peserta didik melakukan kegiatan lain seperti bermain dengan sebangku dikelas, mengobrol dengan teman, mengerjakan tugas lain saat proses belajar mengajar, dan lain sebagainya selama proses belajar mengajar berlangsung. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan bahwa sebagian besar hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III yang belum tuntas sebanyak 75% dari 24 siswa (18 siswa) dan yang telah tuntas sebanyak 25% dari 24 siswa (6 siswa). Dari hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar memperoleh nilai rata-rata ulangan harian matematika siswa ialah 60 dari nilai KKM 65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 399, "width": 471, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mengatasi masalah di atas, maka guru perlu model pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan pemahaman, keaktifan, mendorong keberanian, menyenangakan dan mengurangi kegiatan sendiri peserta didik dalam proses belajar mengajar. Model pembelajran yang menyenangkan, aktif, dan mampu meningkatkan pemahaman, sekaligus mendorong peserta didik dalam proses belajar mengajar disebut Example non Example. (Fathurrohman, 2018)mengungkapkan bahwa model Example Non Example adalah model pembelajaran yang menggunakan gambar sebagai media dalam proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mendorong siswa berpikir kritis dengan memecahkan masalah yang ada dalam contoh yang disajikan. Sejalan dengan itu menurut (Shoimin, 2014) model Example Non Example adalah rangkaian yang dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan definisi konsep. Pembelajaran dengan model Example Non Example guru akan memberikan contoh gambar agar siswa dapat memperhatikan dan dapat lebih mudah untuk memahami pembelajaran yang akan diajarkan oleh guru tersebut. Menurut beberapa penelitian yang telah meneliti model pembelajaran Example Non Example dalam pembelajaran matematika berhasil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 584, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan masalah yang telah diuraikan tersebut, maka penulis tertarik untuk melakukan penelitian tentang “Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Example Non Example Pada Pembelajaran Matematika Siswa Kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 634, "width": 88, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Studi Literatur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Sariningsih et al., 2019) berpendapat bahwa model pembelajaran adalah proses pembelajaran yang mencakup pendekatan, strategi, metode, teknik dan taktik pembelajaran, yang tergambar dari awal sampai akhir yang disajikan secara khas oleh guru dalam menyapaikan pesan atau meteri pelajaran yang meliputi aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor dalam proses pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran adalah proses pembelajaran yang mencakup pendekatan, strategi, metode, teknik dan taktik pembelajaran, yang tergambar dari awal sampai akhir yang disajikan secara khas oleh guru dalam menyapaikan pesan atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "meteri pelajaran yang meliputi aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor. Sementara itu (Aji & Sary, 2018) mengungapkan bahwa model pembelajaran cara untuk membantu siswa dalam berpikir, belajar, dan membantu guru dalam menyapaikan informasi dengan mudah agar siswa dapat memahami pembelajaran. Sejalan dengan itu menurut (Fathurrohman, 2018)model pembelajaran adalah proses pembelajaran yang tergambar dari awal sampai akhir yang disajikan secara khas oleh guru dalam kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 151, "width": 471, "height": 119, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Rojai et al., 2018) berpendapat bahwa model Example Non Example adalah rangkaian pembelajaran yang menggunakan gambar sebagai media dalam menyampaikan materi pembelajaran. Sementara itu (Fathurrohman, 2018)mengungkapkan bahwa model Example Non Example adalah model pembelajaran yang menggunakan gambar sebagai media dalam proses pembelajaran yang bertujuan untuk mendorong siswa berpikir kritis dengan memecahkan masalah yang ada dalam contoh yang disajikan. Sejalan dengan itu menurut (Shoimin, 2014)model Example Non Example adalah rangkaian yang dapat digunakan untuk mengajarkan definisi konsep. Kemudian (Putera et al., 2016)berpendapat bahwa model Example Non Example adalah model pembelajaran yang mempersiapkan gambar, diagram atau tabel sesuai dengan materi dan kompetensi pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 424, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut (Suprijono, 2012) langkah-langkah model pembelajaran Example Non Example yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 303, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Guru mempersiapkan gambar-gambar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran. Gambar yang digunakan tentunya merupakan gambar yang sesuai dengan materi yang dibahas sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 352, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Guru menempelkan gambar dipapan atau ditayangkan melalui LCD atau OHP. Jika ada dapat pula menggunakan proyektor dan pada tahapan ini guru juga dapat meminta bantuan siswa untuk mempersiapkan gambar yang telah dibuat sekaligus pembentukan kelompok siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 401, "width": 456, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Guru memberi petunjuk dan memberi kesempatan pada siswa untuk memperhatikan/menganalisis gambar. Biarkan siswa melihat dan menelaah gambar yang disajikan secara seksama, agar detail gambar dapat dipahami oleh siswa. Selain itu, guru juga mempersiapkan penjelasan tentang gambar yang sedang diamati siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 464, "width": 456, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4) Melalui diskusi kelompok 2-3 orang siswa, hasil dari analisis gambar tersebut dicatat pada kertas. Kertas yang digunakan lebih baik jika disediakan oleh guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 499, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5) Tiap kelompok diberi kesempatan membaca hasil diskusinya. Siswa diminta untuk menjelaskan hasil diskusi mereka melalui perwakilan kelompok masing-masing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 534, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6) Mulai dari komentar/hasil diskusi siswa, guru mulai menjelaskan materi sesuai tujuan yang ingin dicapai. Setelah memahami hasil dari analisis yang dilakukan siswa, lalu guru mulai menjelaskan materi sesuai tujuan pembelajaran yang ingin dicapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 583, "width": 344, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7) Guru dan siswa menyimpulkan materi sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 605, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain itu, menurut(Hamdayana, 2014) model pembalajaran Example Non Example juga memiliki kelebihan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 640, "width": 241, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. 1) Siswa lebih kritis dalam menganalisis gambar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 662, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. 2) Siswa mengetahui aplikasi dari materi berupa contoh gambar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 684, "width": 306, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. 3) Siswa diberi kesempatan untuk mengemukakan pendapatnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 705, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian (Hosnan, 2014) menyatakan bahwa langkah-langkah pembelajaran dalam model Example Non Example adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 74, "width": 425, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Guru mempersiapkan gambar-gambar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang akan dicapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 96, "width": 199, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Guru menempelkan gambar dipapan tulis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 118, "width": 457, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Guru memberi petunjuk dan memberi kesempatan kepada siswa untuk memperhatikan/menganalisis gambar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 153, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4) Melalui diskusi kelompok 2-3 orang siswa, hasil dari diskusi analisis gambar tersebut dicatat pada kertas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 188, "width": 304, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5) Tiap kelompok diberi kesempatan membacakan hasil diskusinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 210, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6) Mulai dari komentar/hasil diskusi siswa, guru mulai menjelaskan materi sesuai dengan tujuan yang ingin dicapai.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 245, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7) Kesimpulan dan rangkuman.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain memiliki kelebihan, model Example Non Example juga memiliki Kekurangan menurut(Hamdayana, 2014)sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 302, "width": 293, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. 1) Tidak semua materi dapat disajikan dalam bentuk gambar;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 324, "width": 187, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. 2) Memakan waktu yang cukup lama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 346, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Johnson & Rising (1972: 28) mengatakan matematika adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Matematika adalah pengetahuan terstruktur, dimana sifat dan teori dibuat secara deduktif berdasarkan unsur-unsur yang didefinisikan atau tidak didefinisikan dan berdasarkan aksioma, sifat, atau teori yang telah dibuktikan kebenarannya.2) Matematika ialah bahasa simbol tentang berbagai gagasan dengan menggunakan istilah- istilah yang didefinisikan secara cermat, jelas, dan akurat. 3) Matematika adalah seni, dimana keindahannya terdapat dalam keterurutan dan keharmonisan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 104, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 471, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Eksperimen. Menurut (Sugiyono, 2016)metode penelitian Ekprimen adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mencari perlakuan tertentu terhadap yang lain dalam kondisi yang terkendali. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian Eksperimen ( Pre-Experimemental Designs ) dengan desain eksperimen yang digunakan berbentuk desain One Group Pre-test dan Post-test . Adapun desain eksperimen Pre-Test dan Post Test terdapat pada tabel 3.1 berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 541, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 3.1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 383, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Desain Eksprimen Pre-Test dan Post-test Pre-test Treatment Post-test 𝟎 𝟏 X 𝟎 𝟐 Sumber: Jakni, (2016:70)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 650, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 671, "width": 200, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 1 : Pre-test (sebelum diberi perlakuan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 693, "width": 198, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "0 2 : Post-test (setelah diberi perlakuan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 716, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X : Perlakuan ( Treatment )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 470, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh karena itu, hasil perlakuan dapat diketahui lebih akurat, karena dapat membandingkan keadaan hasil sebelum diberi perlakuan. Rumus yang digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 131, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Arikunto, 2010) validitas adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukan tingkat-tingkat kevalidan atau kesahihan suatu instrumen. Tes tersebut dikatakan valid jika mampu mengevaluasi dengan tepat apa yang harus dievaluasi. Instrumen yang mempunyai validitas eksternal bila kriteria didalam instrumen disusun berdasarkan fakta-fakta empiris yang telah ada. Agar dapat mengukur koofisien validitas digunakan rumus korelsi sebagai berikut, Jakni (Jakni, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 229, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Jakni, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 273, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r xy : Koefisien korelasi antara variabel X dan variabel Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 316, "width": 121, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N : Banyaknya peserta tes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 338, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X : Nilai hasil uji coba", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Y : Nilai rata-rata harian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 381, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Reliabilitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Azwar, 2013) konsep reliabilitas adalah sebatas mana hasil atau suatu proses pengukuran dapat di percaya. (Widoyoko, 2019) apabila dalam beberapa kali pengukuran, diperoleh hasil pengukuran yang sama atau tetap, maka dapat di katakana hasil pengukurannya dapat dipercaya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 449, "width": 221, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r 11 = ( 𝑛 𝑛−1 ) (1 ∑  𝑏 2  𝑡 2 ) (Arikunto, 2010)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 484, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r 11 = Reliabilitas Instrumen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 524, "width": 189, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "∑  𝑏 2 = Jumlah varians skor tiap-tiap item", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 95, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": " 𝑡 2 = Varian Total", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 572, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Daya Pembeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 594, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Bagiyono, 2017)daya pembeda soal adalah keterampilan sebuah butir soal untuk membedakan kelompok dalam aspek yang akan diukur sesuai dengan perbedaan yang ada dalam kelompok tersebut. Adapun rumus yang digunakan untuk menghitung daya pembeda setiap butir soal, (Jakni, 2016)sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 641, "width": 60, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DP = JB A − JB B JS 𝐴", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 672, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 694, "width": 111, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DP : Daya Pembeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 716, "width": 162, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JB A :Jumlah skor kelompok atas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 217, "width": 146, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "r xy = 𝑁∑𝑋𝑌−(∑𝑋)(∑𝑌) √{𝑁∑𝑋 2 − (∑𝑋)²}{𝑁∑𝑌 2 −(∑𝑌)²}", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JB B : Jumlah skor kelompok bawah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "JS A : Jumlah skor ideal kelompok atas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Tingkat Kesukaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 139, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Arikunto, 2010)tingkat kesukaran adalah soal yang baik yaitu soal yang tidak terlalu mudah dan tidak terlalu sukar. Soal terlalu mudah tidak merangsang siswa untuk mempertinggi usaha memecahkannya. Sebaliknya soal yang terlalu sukar akan menyebabkan siswa menjadi putus asa dan tidak mempunyai semngat untuk mencoba lagi karena diluar jangkauannya. (Jakni, 2016) untuk menghitung indeks kesukaran (IK) butir soal digunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 53, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IK = n A +n B 𝑁 𝐴 + 𝑁 𝐵", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 57, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "IK : Indeks Kesukaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 288, "width": 261, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "n A : Jumlah skor kelompok atas yang menjawab benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 310, "width": 273, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "n B : Jumlah skor kelompok bawah yang menjawab benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N A : Jumlah skor ideal kelompok atas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 353, "width": 198, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "N B : Jumlah skor ideal kelompok bawah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 35, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 402, "width": 471, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan analisis data dari hasil pre-test , nilai rata-rata sebesar 28. Sedangkan analisis data hasil post-tets nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa sebesar 80,54. Berdasarkan hasil post-tets dapat dikatakan terdapat peningkatan nilai rata-rata Matematika siswa. Hasil perhitungan uji normalitas data pre-tets dan post –test menunjukkan bahwa nilai kedua data berdistribusi normal. Kemudian untuk menguji hipotesis menggunakan uji-z dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 atau 5% menunjukkan bahwa X 2 hitung ≥ X 2 tabel maka H o ditolak dan H a diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 500, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Hasil Pre-Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 523, "width": 298, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. hasil Perhitungan Uji Tes Awal(Pre-test )Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 560, "width": 272, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No. Kategori Keterangan 1 Nilai Minimum 17 2 Nilai Maksimum 38 3 Rata-rata Nilai 28 4 Simpangan Baku 6,14 5 Jumlah SiswaTuntas 0 6 Jumlah Siswa Tidak Tuntas 24", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 673, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan data yang dilakukan peneliti, dapat dilihat bahwa kegiatan pre-test yang telah dilakukan berjumlah 24 siswa diperoleh nilai rata-rata 28 dengan nilai tertinggi 38 dan nilai terendah 17 dari seluruh siswa kelas lII yang mengikuti pre-test , adapun dari 24 siswa yang mengikuti Pre-test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "tidak ada yang mendapatkan nilai sama dengan kriteria ketuntasan 65 (KKM) atau lebih, seluruh siswa mendapatkan nilai kurang dari 65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Hasil Post-Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 124, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. hasil Perhitungan Uji Tes Awal(Pre-test )Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 152, "width": 272, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "No. Kategori Keterangan 1 Nilai Minimum 73 2 Nilai Maksimum 90 3 Rata-rata Nilai 80,54 4 Simpangan Baku 5,18 5 Jumlah SiswaTuntas 24 6 Jumlah Siswa Tidak Tuntas 0", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkanhasil perhitungan data hasil belajar post-tes siswa yang berjumlah 24 orang diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 80,54. Siswa yang telah mendapat nilai mencapai kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal ≥ 72 sebanyak 24 orang 100 %. Sedangkan siswa yang mendapat nilai dibawah Kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) sebanyak 0 orang 0 %. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan siswa setelah penerapan model Quantum Learning termasuk dalam kategori tuntas. Berdasarkan hasil rata-rata nilai ( pre-test) sebelum pembelajaran dilakukan diperoleh nilai 28 sedangkan pada tes akhir (post-tes) rata-rata nilai siswa yaitu sebesar 80,54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 370, "width": 89, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 392, "width": 471, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji Normalitas setelah dilakukannya perhitungan rata-rata dari simpangan baku dari pre-test dan post-test selanjutnya diadakan uji normalitas yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui kenormalan dari data dalam penelitian. Untuk menghitung uji normalitas data menggunakan rumus uji kecocokan χ2 ( chi-kuadrat ) dengan taraf kepercayaan 0,05. Berdasarkan ketentuan penghitangan statistik mengenai uji normalitas data, jika 𝜒 2 hitung < 𝜒 2 tabel maka data berdistribusi normal, dengan 0,05 dan derajat kebebasan (dk= k – 1), dimana n adalah banyak kelas interval.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 482, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 504, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rekapitulasi Hasil Uji Normalitas Post-test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 524, "width": 386, "height": 57, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "𝝌 𝟐 hitung DK 𝝌 𝟐 tabel Kesimpulan Pret-test 0,9739 5 11,07 Normal Post-test 1,3173 5 11,07 Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 591, "width": 470, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pada tabel 4.4 diatas diperoleh 𝜒 2 hitung tes akhir adalah 1,3173 dan nilai 𝜒 2 tabel adalah 11,07. Hal ini berarti 𝜒 2 hitung < 𝜒 2 tabel .Dengan demikian kesimpulan bahwa data post-test berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 630, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 651, "width": 471, "height": 65, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah diketahui bahwa tes awal dan akhir berdistribusi normal maka selanjutnya melakukan uji hipotesis data hasil tes akhir ( Post-test) menggunakan uji-z. dalam penelitian ini adalah “Hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpanga Gegas Temuan tahun ajaran 2021/2022 setelah penerapan model Example non Example secara signifikan tuntas” Hasil uji hipoteis dapat dilihat pada tabel 4.5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 75, "width": 46, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 4.5", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 96, "width": 91, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil Uji Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 118, "width": 318, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Z hitung DK Z tabel Kesimpulan 11,83 24 1,64 Z hitung > Z tabel H α diterima dan Hο ditolak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis yang telah dilakukan maka dapat dikatakan bahwa data pre-test dan post-test berdistribusi normal. Karena data dinyatakan berdistribusi normal dan simpangan baku telah diketahui. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh Z hitung = 11,83 dengan Z tabel = 1,64. Dengan demikian Z hitung (11,83) > Z tabel (1,64), sehingga dalam hal ini Hο ditolak dan Hα diterima. Maka dari hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini dapat diterima kebenarannya, artinya model pembelajaran Example non Example dapat dikatakan menuntaskan hasil belajar siswa pada pembelajaran Matematika kelas III SD Simpang Gegas Temuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 74, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 318, "width": 471, "height": 85, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan, didapatkan bahwa penilain penerapan model oleh ahli model berhasil meningkatkan rata-rata dari tes awal 28 meningkatkan menjadi 80,54. Hal ini layak diuji cobakan dalam pembelajaran. Hal ini layak untuk uji cobakan dengan revisi sesuai saran tanpa menjatuhkan. Berdasarkan data setelah diterapkan model dan dilakukannya uji pre-test dan post-test mengalami peningkatan, menunjukan bahwa dalam penerapan model Example Non Example yang telah diperbaiki berdasarkan perhitungan data yang diperoleh dengan skor rata-rata 80,54% dengan kriteria “Sangat Valid” dapat diartikan bahwa penerapan model Example Non Example layak digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 421, "width": 471, "height": 111, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelaksanaan uji pre-test dan post-test yang dilakukan oleh seluruh kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan. Berdasarkan hasil yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa respon peserta didik dari uji pre-test pada pembelajaran Matematika adalah sangat praktis dengan skor rata-rata 28%, sedangakan uji post-test pada pembelajaran Matematika adalah dengan skor rata-rata 80,54%. Kemudian uji respon guru model Example Non Example pada pembelajaran Matematika adalah sangat memuaskan. Berdasarkan persentase keseluruhan nilai dari analisis perhitungan uji pre-test dan post-test yang dilakukan, uji kepraktisan model pembelajaran Example Non Example tergolong dalam kategori sangat praktis dengan persentase 82,5% artinya model pembelajaran Example Non Example yang telah diterapkan sudah praktis untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 551, "width": 70, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 565, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan penerapan model Example non Example untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar Matematika siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan diperoleh hasil nilai rata-rata pre-test (tes awal) adalah 28 dan simpangan baku yaitu 6,14, sedangkan nilai rata-rata post-test (tes akhir) kelas eksperimen yaitu 80,54 dengan simpangan baku yaitu 5,18 dan hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh Z hitung > Z tabel yaitu Z hitung = 11,83 dan Z tabel = 1,64 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar Matematika dengan menggunakan model Example non Example siswa kelas III SD Negeri Simpang Gegas Temuan secara signifikan tuntas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 669, "width": 126, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ucapan Terima Kasih", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 683, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada dosen pembimbing Dr. Dodik Mulyono, M.Pd dan Aswarliansyah, M.Pd yang telah memberikan arahan dan dukungan sehingga penelitian ini terlaksana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 39, "width": 225, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 52, "width": 428, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 2 | Nomor 1 | April 2022 | E-ISSN: 2798-365X | DOI: 10.47709/educendikia.v2i1.1439", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 751, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 471, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dengan baik. Begitupun dengan rekan-rekan tim peneliti yang tentunya dapat berperan penting dalam pelaksaan ini. Teruntuk semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proses penyelesaiian penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 111, "width": 56, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 133, "width": 471, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aji, G. W., & Sary, R. M. (2018). Keefektifan Model Example Non-Example Berbantu Media Visetaterhadap Hasil Belajar Ipa Siswa Kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Malih Peddas (Majalah Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar) , 8 (1), 91. https://doi.org/10.26877/malihpeddas.v8i1.2677", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 182, "width": 276, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arikunto, S. (2010). Manajemen Penelitian . 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0c8287ea-5f0f-dcdd-5e60-69acc1a6caea

https://jurnal.darmaagung.ac.id/index.php/jurnaluda/article/download/4220/3720

[ { "left": 72, "top": 671, "width": 110, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "History: Received : 25 Fehuari 2024 Revised : 10 Maret 2024 Accepted : 29 Maret 2024 Published : 16 April 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 671, "width": 198, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Publisher: LPPM Universitas Darma Agung Licensed: This work is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 19, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Darma Agung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 34, "width": 233, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume: 32, Nomor: 2, (2024), April: 550 - 563 https://dx.doi.org.10.46930/ojsuda.v32i2.4220", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 445, "top": 33, "width": 97, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P-ISSN:0852-7296 E-ISSN:2654-3915", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 464, "height": 70, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENGARUH PENGAWASAN DAN PROFESIONALISME TERHADAP KINERJA INSPEKTUR BANDAR UDARA PADA DIREKTORAT BANDAR UDARA DIREKTORAT JENDERAL PERHUBUNGAN UDARA KEMENTERIAN PERHUBUNGAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 168, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 184, "width": 375, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ilmu Sosial & Ilmu Politik Universitas Satyagama, Jakarta, Indonesia 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 200, "width": 451, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Bhayangkara Jakarta Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia 2) Corresponding Author:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 233, "width": 307, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "[email protected] 1) , [email protected] 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 264, "width": 39, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 284, "width": 471, "height": 212, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya masalah kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan. Masalah kinerja tersebut, di sebabkan kurang efektifnya pengawasan dan rendahnya profesionalisme. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengawasan dan profesionalisme terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan baik secara parsial maupun bersama-sama. Teknik penarikan sampel menggunakan total sampling sebanyak 142 orang. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi, kuesioner dan studi pustaka. Statistik dekriptif, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta hipotesis analisis data penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengawasan dan profesionalisme terbukti secara positif dan nyata berpengaruh terhadap kinerja secara parsial maupun secara bersama-sama. Pertama, terdapat pengaruh positif dan nyata pengawasan terhadap kinerja sebesar 73,3%. Kedua, terdapat pengaruh positif dan nyata profesionalisme terhadap kinerja sebesar 67,7%. Ketiga, terdapat pengaruh positif pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja sebesar 72,9%. Sebagai simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan dapat dicapai melalui efektifnya pengawasan dan tingginya profesionalisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 506, "width": 228, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: kinerja, pengawasan, profesionalisme", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 535, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 555, "width": 470, "height": 104, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This research was motivated by problems with the performance of Airport Inspectors at the Airport Directorate of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation. These performance problems are caused by ineffective supervision and low professionalism. The aim of the research is to determine the influence of supervision and professionalism on the performance of Airport Inspectors at the Airport Directorate of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation, Ministry of Transportation, both partially and jointly. The sampling technique used a total sampling of 142 people. This research method is a quantitative method with regression analysis. Data collection techniques use documentation techniques, questionnaires and literature studies. Descriptive statistics, validity and reliability tests, as well as hypotheses for analyzing this research data. The research results show that supervision", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "551", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 470, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "and professionalism have been proven to have a positive and real influence on performance, both partially and jointly. First, there is a positive and real influence of supervision on performance of 73.3%. Second, there is a positive and real influence of professionalism on performance of 67.7%. Third, there is a positive influence of supervision and professionalism together on performance of 72.9%. The conclusion of this research is that the performance of Airport Inspectors at the Airport Directorate of the Directorate General of Civil Aviation of the Ministry of Transportation can be achieved through effective supervision and high professionalism..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 162, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: performance, supervision, professionalism", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 190, "width": 102, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Negara Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang terdiri dari ribuan pulau dan hamparan daratan luas di sepanjang garis khatulistiwa antara dua benua dan dua samudera (Sukamto 2017). Salah satu alat transportasi yang menghubungkan wilayah dan kepulauan di Indonesia adalah pesawat terbang. Akomodasi bandar udara merupakan bagian dari sistem bandar udara untuk menunjang kelancaran dan kenyamanan pengguna bandar udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 303, "width": 471, "height": 304, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor: KM 166 Tahun 2019 tentang Tatanan Kebandarudaraan Nasional, tercatat ada sebanyak 301 bandar udara yang di seluruh Indonesia antara lain 2 (dua) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas I Utama , 12 (dua belas) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas I, 23 (dua puluh tiga) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas II, 121 (seratus dua puluh satu) bandar udara dikelola oleh Kantor Unit Penyelenggara Bandar Udara Kelas III, 18 (delapan belas) bandar udara dikelola oleh Satuan Pelayanan Bandar Udara, 15 (lima belas) bandar udara dikelola oleh Angkasa Pura I, 20 (dua puluh) bandar udara dikelola oleh Angkasa Pura II, 1 (satu) bandar udara dikelola Badan BP Batam, Sisanya dikelola oleh Pemerintah Daerah dan Badan Hukum Indonesia yang mengelola bandar udara khusus. Berdasarkan Rencana Strategis Nasional Direktorat Bandar Udara Tahun 2020-2024 telah ditetapkan Proyek Strategis Nasional Sektor Bandar Udara meliputi 8 (delapan) pembangunan bandar udara baru, 29 (dua puluh sembilan) pengembangan bandar udara prioritas di daerah terisolir, perbatasan dan rawa bencana, 7 (tujuh) bandar udara untuk mendukung pada kawasan strategis (KEK dan KI), 5 (lima) pembangunan bandar udara perairan, 1 (satu) bandar udara baru sebagai bandar udara pendukung IKN serta rencana pembangunan bandar udara sebanyak 21 (dua puluh satu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 611, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan mengatur perhubungan udara termasuk kebandarudaraan di Indonesia saat ini termuat dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 tentang Penerbangan (Hidayat 2020). Undang-undang ini mengatur mengenai penyelenggaraan bandar udara sebagai pusat pelayanan penerbangan dan sektor usaha yang efisien, efektif dan mampu meningkatkan perekonomian daerah. Undang-undang tersebut juga mengatur persyaratan, prosedur dan standar bandar udara, tata letak bandar udara nasional,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "552", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keputusan bandar udara, keputusan operasional, fasilitas dan personel, pengelolaan kawasan lingkungan kerja, dan kawasan keamanan penerbangan di sekitar bandar udara untuk tujuan keselamatan dan keamanan, serta keberlanjutan lingkungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain itu dalam undang-undang ini diatur tentang operasional bandara, pemisahan yang jelas antara lembaga administratif dan operator bandara diterapkan melalui pembentukan Otoritas Bandara, dengan peluang bagi sektor swasta dan pemerintah daerah untuk berpartisipasi dalam operasional bandara. Badan pengaturnya adalah pemerintah melalui Direktorat Bandar Udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 363 Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Perhubungan, disebutkan bahwa Direktorat Bandar Udara mempunyai tugas melaksanakan perumusan dan pelaksanaan kebijakan, penyusunan norma, standar, prosedur dan kriteria, pemberian bimbingan teknis dan supervisi, serta evaluasi dan pelaporan di bidang bandar udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu jabatan fungsional pada Direktorat Bandar Udara Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan adalah Inspektur Bandar Udara. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara, Pasal 1 angka 3, jabatan fungsional adalah sekelompok jabatan yang berisi fungsi dan tugas berkaitan dengan pelayanan fungsional yang berdasarkan pada keahlian dan keterampilan tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya menurut Peraturan Menteri yang sama disebutkan bahwa Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara adalah jabatan yang mempunyai ruang lingkup, tugas, tanggung jawab, wewenang, dan hak untuk melaksanakan kegiatan pengendalian dan pengawasan keselamatan operasi Bandar Udara, serta peningkatan pelayanan di bidang kebandarudaraan sesuai dengan kewenangan dan peraturan peraturan perundang-undangan dan ketentuan (Pasal 1 angka 6). Pejabat Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara yang selanjutnya disebut Inspektur Bandar Udara adalah PNS yang diberi tugas, tanggung jawab, wewenang, dan hak secara penuh oleh Pejabat yang Berwenang untuk melakukan pembinaan teknis di bidang kebandarudaraan (Pasal 1 angka 7).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 157, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kebandarudaraan adalah segala sesuatu yang berkaitan dengan penyelenggaraan Bandar Udara dan kegiatan lainnya dalam melaksanakan fungsi keselamatan, keamanan, kelancaran, dan ketertiban arus lalu lintas pesawat udara, penumpang, kargo dan/atau pos, tempat perpindahan intra dan/atau antarmoda serta meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dan daerah (Pasal 1 angka 8). Bandar Udara adalah kawasan di daratan dan/atau perairan dengan batas-batas tertentu yang digunakan sebagai tempat pesawat udara mendarat dan lepas landas, naik turun penumpang, bongkar muat barang, dan tempat perpindahan intra dan antarmoda transportasi, yang dilengkapi dengan fasilitas keselamatan dan keamanan penerbangan, serta fasilitas pokok dan fasilitas penunjang lainnya (Pasal 1 angka 9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "553", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 190, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan Pasal 2 Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara, bahwa Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara termasuk dalam klasifikasi/rumpun pengawas kualitas dan keamanan. Selanjutnya disebutkan dalam Pasal 4 ayat (1), (2) dan (3), bahwa Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara merupakan jabatan fungsional kategori keahlian, yang terdiri atas: a. Inspektur Bandar Udara Ahli Pertama; b. Inspektur Bandar Udara Ahli Muda; dan c. Inspektur Bandar Udara Ahli Madya. Inspektur Bandar Udara dimaksud, terdiri atas: a. Bidang Sisi Udara; dan b. Bidang Sisi Darat. Pasal 5, peraturan yang sama menyebutkan bahwa tugas Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara, yaitu melaksanakan kegiatan pembinaan teknis pengaturan, pengendalian, pengawasan, investigasi dan pelayanan keselamatan operasi bandar udara di bidang kebandarudaraan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 270, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penyusunan konsep awal rincian teknis model peraturan, ketentuan, peraturan, pedoman, standar, sistem dan prosedur di bidang penerbangan merupakan tugas inspektur bandar udara sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 7 Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 474, "height": 77, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan tugas dan uraian fungsi tersebut di atas, Inspektur Bandara mempunyai tugas melaksanakan tanggung jawab operasional sebagai wujud tanggung jawab untuk mencapai visi, misi, maksud dan tujuan angkutan udara khususnya bandar udara sesuai dengan tugasnya. dan wewenangnya untuk dipertimbangkan setiap tahun dalam Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terwujudnya akuntabilitas kinerja tersebut, memerlukan pengawasan yang efektif dan profesionalisme petugas pemeriksa bandar udara yang sehat mental, berwibawa, efisien dan efektif, berkualitas, sadar akan tugasnya sebagai aparatur sipil negara. Sebagaimana diketahui bahwa salah indikator keberhasilan pelaksanaan penyelenggaraan pemerintahanan salah satunya adalah pencapaian kinerja yang sesuai dengan visi dan misi pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 529, "width": 471, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada saat ini pengaturan kinerja aparatur sipil negara diatur oleh Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengelolaan Kinerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 578, "width": 474, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada instansi pemerintah seperti Direktorat Bandara, kinerja merupakan respon terhadap berhasil tidaknya tujuan awal program kerja dan kebijakan yang telah ditetapkan. Permasalahan kinerja sangatlah penting, karena kinerja merupakan salah satu tolak ukur kualitas organisasi yang sangat penting. Oleh karena itu, keberhasilan Direktorat Bandara sebagai suatu organisasi merupakan suatu dorongan untuk meningkatkan kinerja, yaitu tingkat keberhasilan dalam menyelesaikan tugas dan mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari pengamatan peneliti secara garis besar permasalahan pokok Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan saat ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "554", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "adalah masalah pentingnya peningkatan kinerja. Secara internal permasalahan kinerja Inspektur Bandara antara lain kualitas dan kuantitas kerja yang dihasilkan belum sesuai harapan. Ditandai kurangnya penguasaan pengetahuan di bidangnya, rendahnya komitmen pada kualitas kerja, minimnya dedikasi kerja, serta kurangnya kesadaran keinginan untuk membantu sesama aparat atau dengan bawahan dalam bekerja dan rendahnya tingkat motivasi yang dimiliki oleh para pegawai, sehingga berakibat terhadap kinerja baik secara individu maupun secara organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan saat ini diduga secara garis besar disebabkan faktor adalah kurang efektifnya pengawasan dan masih rendahnya profesionalisme. Masalah pengawasan dapat diketahui antara lain belum sepenuhnya diterapkan standar pengawasan, seperti pengawasan preventif, pengawasan semasa dan pengawasan umpan balik dalam upaya mencegah terjadinya pelanggaran atau penyimpangan yang lebih jauh lagi, sehingga akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat keberhasilan dalam pelaksanaan tugas atau kinerja. Demikian pula masih kurang efektifnya tindakan korektif pengawasan terutama penindakan dan pemberian sanksi kepada aparat yang diduga melakukan penyimpangan atau melanggar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya pengawasan diteliti dikarenakan bahwa efektifnya pengawasan adalah salah satu hal penting dalam fungsi manajemen dalam upaya tercapainya secara efisien dan efektif tujuan organisasi. Dengan efektifnya pengawasan, maka tujuan yang ditetapkan sebelumnya dapat tercapai sesuai dengan target. Sedangkan apabila tidak dilakukan pengawasan akan mendorong adanya tindak penyimpangan baik karena kekeliruan ataupun sengaja. Oleh karena itu pengawasan mutlak diperlukan dalam setiap pelaksanaan kegiatan dan dalam bentuk organisasi manapun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan adanya pengawasan dapat membantu pegawai mengembangkan wawasan dan membantu mempertahankan, serta menyempurnakan praktik secara baik dan optimal. Hal ini dapat membantu seorang pegawai belajar dari kesalahan, memperbaiki keadaan dan menghindari terulangnya kesalahan lagi di masa depan, yang pada gilirannya dapat membantu meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan mengarah pada perbaikan dalam pekerjaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan lainnya, yakni masalah profesionalisme, sebagian pegawai belum tahu aturan dan prosedur pekerjaaan secara rinci yang sebenarnya harus dikuasai. Juga sebagian pegawai belum sepenuhnya tahu/paham pengetahuan di bidangnya yang merupakan bagian dari tugas dan fungsinya. Demikian pula perlu ditingkatkan lagi masalah kemampuan dalam memecahkan masalah pekerjaan. Kesemuanya permasalahan dalam profesionalisme tersebut tentunya akan berpengaruh bagi tercapainya kinerja secara organisasi maupun individu yang pelaporan pertanggungjawabannya dalam Laporan Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "555", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya profesionalisme terhadap kinerja, dikarenakan perilaku profesional di tempat kerja diperlukan untuk keberhasilan jangka panjang suatu organisasi. Perilaku yang profesional memungkinkan pegawai merasa bangga dengan pekerjaannya, di mana sebagai seorang profesional, mampu menyelesaikan pekerjaan dengan baik, sehingga akan berdampak positif bagi kinerja organisasi maupun secara individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 136, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 471, "height": 126, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan desain penelitian adalah penelitian eksplanatori. Menurut Sugiyono (2018:107), “penelitian eksplanatori adalah sebuah penelitian di mana dijelaskannya keberadaan variabel- variabel yang diteliti”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Pengawasan (X1) dan Profesionalisme (X2), baik secara parsial maupun kedua-duanya memiliki pengaruh terhadap Kinerja (Y) kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan. Sebanyak 142 responden sebagai sampel dari populasi berjumlah 220 orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 319, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Studi pustaka, studi dokumen dan observasi adalah teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini. Statistik dekriptif, uji validitas dan reliabilitas, serta hipotesis analisis data penelitian ini. Kantor Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan adalah lokasi penelitian ini. Selama 3 (tiga) bulan terhitung dari April 2023 - Juli 2023 adalah waktu penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 416, "width": 167, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 471, "height": 110, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Variabel Pengawasan (X1) diperoleh deskripsi data statistik: angka minimal 3.60, angka maksimal 4.73, rentang nilai 1.13, rata-rata 4.3101, simpangan baku 0.34266. Variabel Profesionalisme (X2) diperoleh deskripsi data: angka minimal sebesar 3.73, angka maksimal sebesar 4.87, rentang nilai 1.14, rata-rata 4.4144, simpangan baku 0.34270. Variabel Kinerja (Y) diperoleh deskripsi data: angka minimal sebesar 4.07, angka maksimal sebesar 4.93, rentang nilai 0.86, rata-rata 4.5903, simpangan baku 0.25855.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 157, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil uji validitas, nilai r-hitung untuk uji validitas instrumen variabel Pengawasan (X1) > 0,186 atau r-tabel dengan 0,05 sebagai taraf signifikansi, karenanya dapat dinyatakan keseluruhan butir pernyataan variabel pengawasan dalam kuesioner penelitian ini adalah valid. Nilai r-hitung untuk uji validitas instrumen variabel Profesionalisme (X2) > r-tabel (0,186) dengan 0,05 sebagai taraf signifikansi, sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa seluruh butir pernyataan variabel profesionalisme dalam kuesioner penelitian ini adalah valid. Nilai r-hitung untuk uji validitas instrumen variabel Kinerja (Y) > r-tabel (0,186) dengan 0,05 sebagai taraf signifikansi, sehingga dapat dinyatakan bahwa seluruh butir pernyataan variabel kinerja dalam kuesioner penelitian ini adalah valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "556", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uji reliabilitas diperoleh nilai Alpha Cronbach variabel Pengawasan (X1) dengan angka 0.757, Profesionalisme (X2) dengan angka 0.755 dan Kinerja (Y) dengan angka 0.758. Dari uji reliabilitas di atas, maka angka Alpha Cronbach keseluruhan variabel penelitian angkanya di atas 0,70, yang artinya sebagai alat pengumpul data sudah termasuk baik dan cukup dipercaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis pertama, diperoleh nilai thitung adalah 19.594 dan nilai ttabel df (140) adalah sebesar 1.982. Berarti t hitung (19.594) > t tabel (1,982), maka variabel pengawasan secara sendiri berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap kinerja. Oleh karena itu , pernyataan “terdapat besar pengaruh pengawasan terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan” dapat diterima dan hipotesis terbukti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis kedua, diperoleh nilai t hitung 17.111 adalah dan nilai t tabel df (140) adalah sebesar 1,982. Berarti t hitung (17.111) > t tabel (1,982), maka variabel profesionalisme secara sendiri berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap kinerja. Oleh karena itu , pernyataan “terdapat besar pengaruh profesionalisme terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan” dapat diterima dan hipotesis terbukti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan uji hipotesis ketiga, diperoleh nilai F hitung adalah 191.058 dan nilai F tabel df (139) adalah sebesar 3,08. Berarti F hitung (191.058) > F tabel (3,08), maka variabel pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan nyata terhadap kinerja. Oleh karena itu , pernyataan “terdapat besar pengaruh pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan” dapat diterima dan hipotesis terbukti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil kajian hipotesis pertama diperoleh bahwa pengawasan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 73,3%. Pelaksanaan fungsi pengawas bandara pada Direktorat Bandara meliputi penggunaan metode kerja dan praktik kerja untuk mendukung pencapaian hasil yang diharapkan. Menurut batasan Sule dan Saefullah (2005:317), pengawasan adalah proses penentuan ukuran kinerja dan kegiatan yang dapat mendukung pencapaian hasil yang diharapkan berdasarkan kegiatan yang direncanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa indikator-indikator dalam pengawasan yang mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara adalah sebagai berikut: inspeksi, pengawasan preventif, dan sanksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Inspeksi merupakan pengawasan langsung terjun ke lapangan untuk mengetahui terjadi tidak suatu penyimpangan. Inspeksi adalah memeriksa dan apakah adanya dbutirukan adanya kesalahan. Pemeriksaan adalah pengamatan terhadap aktivitas dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "557", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 109, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "aktivitas di suatu kawasan. Pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk melihat mana yang buruk dan mana yang baik (Jatmika, 2012:2). Pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan sengaja dan dapat disesuaikan sewaktu-waktu untuk menarik kesimpulan dari pengamatan. Pemeriksaan dilanjutkan dengan tindakan yang dianggap perlu berdasarkan hasil penilaian. Cara ini sangat efektif karena mengutamakan kontak langsung antara pemimpin dan bawahan. Selain itu, kesulitan dapat diidentifikasi dengan jelas dan diterangkan dalam laporan tertulis dengan tidak terpengaruh pendapat bawahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 471, "height": 223, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain itu dalam pengawasan untuk mendukung terwujudnya kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan adalah standar pengawasan berupa pengawasan preventif. Pengawasan preventif fokus pada pemeliharaan dan peningkatan nilai, dengan prinsip menjamin otonomi operasional organisasi yang berdaya saing dan meningkatkan efisiensi internal organisasi. Melalui pengawasan preventif ini, dapat dihindari timbulnya kesalahanan/kekeliruan dalam pekerjaan (Simbolon, 2004:62). Pada dasarnya pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh instansi pemerintah seperti Direktorat Bandara adalah untuk mencegah terjadinya penyimpangan pengelolaan dana masyarakat yang membebani pemerintah dan menimbulkan kerugian yang lebih besar. Saat ini, tujuan pengawasan tersebut adalah untuk memastikan program dan sistem pengelolaan anggaran perusahaan berjalan sesuai rencana. Pengawasan preventif akan lebih efisien dan efektif bila dilakukan dengan benar oleh manajemen dan potensi ketidaksesuaian dapat dideteksi sejak dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 416, "width": 471, "height": 206, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya adalah sanksi, dalam konteks pekerjaan, sanksi juga dapat berarti hukuman yang dijatuhkan kepada seorang karyawan karena kinerjanya yang tidak memuaskan atau kesalahan yang dilakukannya. Sanksi tersebut dapat mencakup tindakan hukuman, seperti hilangnya gaji atau penurunan pangkat. Sanksi adalah kewajiban, tugas, atau hukuman yang memaksa orang untuk memenuhi kontrak atau mengikuti ketentuan hukum. (Ali, 2015:193). Pemberian sanksi dalam pelaksanaan pengawasan dilakukan apabila dbutirukan pelanggaran-pelanggaran hukum atau tindakan yang dianggap merugikan kepentingan orang banyak, sehingga merugikan tujuan untuk mewujudkan kinerja yang optimal. Sanksi dapat diberikan berupa sanksi administrasi atau saksi lainnya berdasarkan aturan berlaku. Pemberian sanksi berdasarkan tingkat pelanggaran/kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh yang bersangkutan. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatkan bahwa indikator sanksi dalam pengawasan berperan dan upaya meningkatkan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil kajian hipotesis kedua diperoleh bahwa profesionalisme memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 67,7%. Profesionalisme berarti secara konsisten mencapai standar yang tinggi, dalam pekerjaan yang dilakukan dan cara berperilaku. Menurut Andreassena dan Natland (2022:631), profesionalisme berarti komitmen yang lebih besar untuk melakukan pekerjaan dengan baik dibandingkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "558", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keuntungan ekonomi, dan terhadap kualitas daripada efisiensi. Gagasan tentang panggilan, atau keharusan moral untuk mengorbankan kepentingan pribadi demi melindungi dan mendukung kepentingan orang lain, merupakan inti dari profesionalisme. Dapat dikatakan profesionalisme memiliki peran penting dalam menentukan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa indikator-indikator dalam profesionalisme yang mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara adalah sebagai berikut: mampu memecahkan masalah pekerjaan, jujur dan tanggung jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 471, "height": 174, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator pemecahan masalah adalah suatu proses yang melibatkan observasi sistematis dan pemikiran kritis untuk menemukan solusi atau cara yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan. Kerangka pemecahan masalah terdiri dari dua keterampilan utama: observasi dan keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pemecahan masalah adalah kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi masalah, bertukar pikiran dan menganalisis jawaban, serta menerapkan solusi terbaik (Djamarah, 2002:102). Seorang pegawai dengan keterampilan pemecahan masalah yang baik adalah orang yang bisa memulai sendiri dan menjadi rekan tim yang kolaboratif; mereka proaktif dalam memahami akar masalah dan bekerja sama dengan orang lain untuk mempertimbangkan berbagai solusi sebelum memutuskan bagaimana langkah selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemecahan masalah adalah tentang menggunakan logika, serta imajinasi, untuk memahami situasi dan menghasilkan solusi yang cerdas. Faktanya, pemecah masalah terbaik secara aktif mengantisipasi potensi masalah di masa depan dan bertindak untuk mncegahnya atau mengurangi dampaknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 471, "height": 157, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya kemampuan pemecahan masalah terkait pengambilan keputusan, di mana pemecahan masalah melibatkan analisis situasi, mengidentifikasi solusi potensial, dan memilih tindakan terbaik. Proses ini dapat membantu meningkatkan keterampilan pengambilan keputusan, memungkinkan membuat pilihan yang lebih tepat berdasarkan bukti dan logika. Juga meningkatkan efisiensi, yaitu saat menghadapi suatu masalah, kemampuan untuk mengidentifikasi akar permasalahan dan menemukan solusi dapat membantu menghemat waktu, uang, dan sumber daya. Dengan mampu menyelesaikan masalah dengan cepat dan efektif, maka dapat membantu meningkatkan efisiensi di tempat kerja. Problem solving merupakan unsur penting dari profesionalisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 627, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator jujur adalah mengatakan kebenaran, berbicara kebenaran, bekerja dengan kebenaran, dan mencintai kebenaran. Menurut Cherrington (2015:3), kejujuran berarti bebas dari kebohongan dan ketidakterbukaan, bersikap terbuka dan jujur dalam bertransaksi, serta bersikap adil dan adil dalam cara memperlakukan orang lain. Pegawai yang jujur tidak mengatakan hal-hal yang ia tahu tidak benar, ia tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "559", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "mengambil sesuatu yang bernilai milik orang lain, ia tidak dengan sadar memberikan kesan palsu, dan mengikuti aturan-aturan yang telah disetujui.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 471, "height": 110, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bagi institusi pemerintahan dalam rangka akuntabilitas, kejujuran adalah paradigma budaya yang mencakup kepercayaan, integritas, etika, dan banyak lagi. Kejujuran di tempat kerja mendorong rasa percaya di antara pegawai, organisasi, dan masyarakat. Melalui kejujuran mendorong anggota tim membantu membangun hubungan yang kuat satu sama lain dan dengan pemangku kepentingan. Kualitas ini dapat membantu meningkatkan produktivitas kerja secara keseluruhan dan mencapai lebih banyak kesuksesan sebagai sebuah tim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pentingnya jujur dalam bekerja berarti kita harus jelas dan terbuka dengan semua orang. Ketika kita melakukannya, hal itu menunjukkan kepercayaan dan menciptakan lingkungan transparansi di organisasi. Jujur dalam bekerja merupakan langkah penting untuk membangun integritas di tempat kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 92, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menciptakan suasana kejujuran juga memupuk lingkungan untuk akuntabilitas dan tanggung jawab diri sendiri. Semakin jujur atau transparan dalam lingkungan kerja, semakin bahagia pegawainya. Semakin bahagia pegawai, semakin produktif. Pada akhirnya, kejujuran membangun kepercayaan pada organisasi dan kepercayaan pada kepemimpinan. Menyuarakan kejujuran dalam bekerja memungkinkan kita semua untuk mengidentifikasi masalah untuk memperbaikinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kejujuran akan memperkuat lingkungan kerja. Ketika pegawai merasa mereka dapat mempercayai atasannya, mereka lebih mungkin membantu membangun etika kerja yang baik dan melakukan hal yang benar, membuat tempat kerja menjadi lingkungan yang terbuka dimana setiap orang dapat berkomunikasi dengan bebas dan nyaman. Hal yang sama berlaku untuk pemangku kepentingan jika kita jujur dengannya, mereka akan berterima kasih dan lebih cenderung mempercayai kita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 481, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator tanggung jawab adalah terselesaikannya pekerjaan yang tercantum dalam uraian tugas dan mematuhi kebijakan dan prosedur organisasi secara profesional dan dengan kemampuan terbaiknya. Ketika pegawai bertanggung jawab di tempat kerja, pegawai tersebut menjadikan dirinya sebagai pegawai yang berharga dan rekan kerja yang dapat diandalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 562, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tanggung jawab penting di tempat kerja karena menunjukkan profesionalisme, dapat memajukan karir, membantu membangun ikatan profesional dengan rekan kerja, dan menunjukkan kepemimpinan organisasi bahwa ia adalah pegawai yang berharga. Pimpinan akan menghargai pegawai yang menunjukkan tanggung jawab karena tahu bahwa mereka dapat mempercayai untuk menyelesaikan tugas tepat waktu dan mengirimkan pekerjaan berkualitas tinggi. Pegawai yang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab adalah para profesional dengan etos kerja yang konsisten yang mengambil tindakan setiap hari menuju tujuan profesionalnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pegawai yang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab bekerja akan memajukan kesuksesan organisasi atau institusi tempat bekerja dan berusaha untuk melakukan tugasnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "560", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sehari-hari dengan baik. Pegawai yang bertanggung jawab terlibat dalam aktivitas sehari-harinya dan membangun budaya akuntabilitas yang memajukan karier individu dan meningkatkan produktivitas organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 471, "height": 93, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tanggung jawab di tempat kerja menunjukkan etos kerja seorang pegawai. Menjadi pegawai yang bertanggung jawab menunjukkan bahwa ia bangga dengan pekerjaannya dan memvalidasi nilai dirinya. Pegawai yang memiliki rasa tanggung jawab akan membantu menyediakan konsistensi dan keamanan bagi organisasi atau lembaga. Dengan memiliki rasa tanggung jawab di tempat kerja, hal tersebut merupakan aset bagi organisasi dan memunculkan keamanan kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 471, "height": 60, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil kajian hipotesis ketiga diperoleh bahwa pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama memiliki pengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan sebesar 73,3%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Mangkunegara (2011:67), kinerja adalah hasil kerja yang dapat dicapai pegawai secara kualitas dan kuantitas dengan melakukan pekerjaan sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya. Kinerja menurut Mangkunegara (2011:67), adalah hasil kerja yang secara kualitas dan kuantitas dapat dicapai oleh seorang pegawai dalam melaksanakan tugas sesuai tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 367, "width": 471, "height": 45, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa indikator-indikator yang mempunyai peranan penting terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara adalah sebagai berikut: ketelitian, kemampuan analisis dan kemampuan membuat keputusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 416, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator ketelitian mempunyai peran penting dalam mewujudkan kinerja yang lebih baik lagi. Ketelitian adalah sejauh mana pekerjaan telah diselesaikan, dengan semua detail tercakup, menghindari keharusan melakukan pekerjaan lebih lanjut untuk menyelesaikannya. Menurut Kelly (2020:135), ketelitian mencakup pemikiran ke depan dan komitmen untuk melakukan apa pun yang diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa setiap bagian tugas diselesaikan, bahkan jika ada tambahan waktu. Ketelitian adalah komponen penting keberhasilan dalam bekerja. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pegawai yang teliti, berorientasi pada detail, dan terorganisir dengan baik cenderung tidak hanya menjadi pegawai yang lebih baik, namun juga menjadi pegawai yang lebih efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 578, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketelitian adalah mengetahui faktor-faktor apa yang akan mengurangi efektivitas pekerjaan. Untuk melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan baik, kita harus terlebih dahulu mengidentifikasi tujuan akhirnya. Kemudian, pertimbangkan apa yang diperlukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dengan sukses. Misalnya, seorang pegawai yang teliti mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh perhatian dan selalu mengingat tenggat waktu. Saat berbicara, dia menyampaikan semua informasi penting dan relevan untuk mengomunikasikan situasi secara utuh dan tidak menyesatkan. Dia bekerja secara efisien dan membersihkan sepenuhnya setelah proyek selesai. Ketelitian mencakup berpikir ke depan dan berkomitmen melakukan apa pun untuk memastikan bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "561", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "setiap bagian tugas diselesaikanbahkan jika diperlukan waktu, tenaga, atau perhatian tambahan. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa indikator ketelitian sebagai bentuk kualitas kerja mempunyai peran penting dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 471, "height": 76, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator kemampuan analisis mempunyai peran penting dalam mewujudkan kinerja yang kebih baik lagi. Kemampuan analisis adalah suatu kemampuan untuk menganalisis suatu masalah dan menemukan solusinya. Ini adalah cara untuk memproses dan memecah informasi yang kompleks. Pemikiran analitis berguna dalam mengidentifikasi hubungan sebab akibat dan membuat hubungan antara dua faktor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemampuan analitis adalah sifat dan kemampuan yang memungkinkan seoang pegawai mengamati, meneliti, dan menafsirkan suatu subjek untuk mengembangkan ide dan solusi yang kompleks. Ketika pegawai menggunakan kemampuan ini secara bersamaan, itu adalah pemikiran analitis. Pegawai yang memiliki keterampilan berpikir analitis praktis dapat dengan cepat menganalisis situasi, topik, atau masalah dan sering kali bekerja dengan baik dalam tim untuk mencapai tujuan. Kemampuan analitis berkonotasi dengan kemampuan umum seseorang untuk sampai pada kesimpulan logis atau solusi terhadap masalah yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 335, "width": 471, "height": 206, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Malalui kemampuan analisis berguna menemukan solusi terhadap masalah yang kompleks dan menganalisis suatu situasi. Pegawai dapat menggunakan kemampuan ini untuk melakukan brainstorming ide-ide baru. Ini juga berguna untuk mengumpulkan dan menafsirkan data untuk pemahaman lebih lanjut. Dalam situasi di mana seseorang pegawai berusaha mengembangkan keyakinan dan persepsi terhadap suatu ide, berpikir kritis cenderung lebih efektif. Jenis pemikiran ini membantu individu mempertahankan argumen yang mendukung sudut pandang tertentu. Pegawai dapat menggunakannya untuk memahami apa yang memotivasinya dan menentukan tujuannya. Berkaitan dengan kinerja, bahwa pencapaian kinerja yang maksimal dapat tercapai apabila adanya dukungan dan peran kemampuan analisis seorang pegawai dalam bekerja. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa indikator kemampuan analisis mempunyai peran penting dalam mewujudkan kinerja yang lebih baik lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indikator kemampuan membuat keputusan adalah keterampilan yang membantu kemampuan seorang pegawai memilih solusi untuk tantangan. Dengan keterampilan ini, seorang pegawai dapat membuat keputusan setelah mengumpulkan semua informasi dan data yang relevan dan mempertimbangkan berbagai sudut pandang. Dapat juga dikatakan bahwa kemampuan membuat keputusan adalah semua keterampilan yang dibutuhkan untuk membuat keputusan yang rasional dan terinformasi. Seorang pegawai dengan kemampuan pengambilan keputusan yang baik di tempat kerja dapat menilai semua fakta, memahami keadaan saat ini dan tujuan organisasi dan memilih tindakan terbaik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 691, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengambilan keputusan lebih dari sekadar hasil akhir. Berbagai jenis kemampuan digunakan dalam pengambilan keputusan, termasuk kreativitas, kolaborasi, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "562", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keterampilan kepemimpinan. Pengambilan keputusan bukan hanya tentang fakta dan angka, tetapi juga membutuhkan pemikiran kreatif untuk melakukan brainstorming solusi yang mungkin tidak begitu mudah atau tradisional. Pembuat keputusan kreatif adalah mengembangkan ide dan solusi orisinal untuk memecahkan masalah. Selain itu, mereka berpikiran terbuka dan mau mencoba hal-hal baru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 471, "height": 77, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keputusan yang baik memperhitungkan banyak ide dan perspektif. Keterampilan kolaborasi membantu menemukan solusi dengan bekerja sama dengan satu atau beberapa rekan tim. Melibatkan banyak orang dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dapat membantu menyatukan keahlian yang berbeda, memaparkan pada metode pemecahan masalah dan cara berpikir lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 238, "width": 471, "height": 125, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Meskipun kolaborasi seringkali penting untuk pengambilan keputusan yang baik, seseorang harus memimpin dan membuat keputusan akhir. Keterampilan kepemimpinan dapat membantu seseorang mempertimbangkan semua perspektif dan memutuskan solusi tunggal yang paling mewakili gagasan anggota tim. Seseorang tidak perlu menjadi manajer untuk memimpin dalam pengambilan keputusan. Bahkan jika ia tidak memiliki keputusan akhir, angkat bicara dan berbagi ide tidak hanya akan membantu menonjol di tempat kerja, tetapi juga membuktikan bahwa ia bisa menjadi pemimpin yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 384, "width": 70, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 400, "width": 443, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian dan pembahasan di atas, diperoleh simpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 416, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Bahwa pengawasan berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 448, "width": 456, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Bahwa profesionalisme berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 481, "width": 457, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Bahwa pengawasan dan profesionalisme secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 529, "width": 457, "height": 61, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Bahwa pengawasan agar lebih ditingkatkan lagi dan dilaksanakan secara konkrit, sehingga kinerja menjadi lebih maksimal. Untuk itu direkomendasikan indikator inspeksi, pengawasan preventif, dan sanksi harus lebih diperhatikan, sehingga pengawasan diharapkan menjadi baik lagi ke depannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 594, "width": 457, "height": 77, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Bahwa profesionalisme agar lebih ditingkatkan lagi dan dilaksanakan secara konkrit, sehingga kinerja menjadi lebih maksimal. Untuk itu direkomendasikan indikator mampu memecahkan masalah pekerjaan, jujur dan tanggung jawab dalam profesionalisme harus lebih diperhatikan, sehingga profesionalisme diharapkan menjadi lebih baik lagi ke depannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 675, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Bahwa kinerja sebagai hasil kerja yang dapat dicapai pegawai secara kualitas dan kuantitas dengan melakukan pekerjaan sesuai dengan tanggung jawab yang diberikan kepadanya harus lebih baik lagi. Untuk itu direkomendasikan indikator", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 523, "top": 731, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "563", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 18, "width": 440, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arif Rahman 1) , Agus Hidayat 2), Pengaruh Pengawasan Dan Profesionalisme Terhadap Kinerja Inspektur Bandar Udara Pada Direktorat Bandar Udara…", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 76, "width": 443, "height": 77, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ketelitian, kemampuan analisis dan kemampuan membuat keputusan dalam kinerja harus lebih diperhatikan disertai efektifnya pengawasan dan tingginya profesionalisme, sehingga kinerja Inspektur Bandara pada Direktorat Bandara Ditjen Perhubungan Udara Kementerian Perhubungan menjadi lebih baik lagi ke depannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 118, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 189, "width": 377, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ali, Mahrus. (2004). Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana . Sinar Grafika. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hidayat, Mhd Ridho. 2020. “Analisis Yuridis Kewenangan Otoritas Bandar Udara Terhadap Pemenuhan Hak Penumpang Jasa Penerbangan.” Doktrina: Journal Of Law 3(1): 53 – 76.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 254, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mangkunegara, Anwar Prabu. (2011). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Perusahaan . PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Simbolon, Maringan Masry. (2004). Dasar – Dasar Administrasi dan Manajemen . Ghalia Indonesia. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 319, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sugiyono. (2015). Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R & D . CV Alfabeta, Bandung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 45, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sukamto, M E I. 2017. “Pengelolaan Potensi Laut Indonesia Dalam Spirit Ekonomi Islam (Studi Terhadap Eksplorasi Potensi Hasil Laut Indonesia).” Malia (Terakreditasi) 9(1): 35 – 62.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sule, Erni Trisnawati dan Kurniawan Saefullah (2005). Manajemen , Cetakan Pertama. Prenada Media. Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendayaagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 57 Tahun 2018 tentang Jabatan Fungsional Inspektur Bandar Udara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 465, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor 17 Tahun 2022 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Perhubungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 497, "width": 471, "height": 28, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendayagunaan Aparatur dan Reformasi Birokrasi Nomor 6 Tahun 2022 tentang Pengelolaan Kinerja Pegawai Aparatur Sipil Negara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 529, "width": 471, "height": 29, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keputusan Menteri Perhubungan Nomor: KM 166 Tahun 2019 tentang Tatanan Kebandarudaraan Nasional.", "type": "List item" } ]

f7ea207f-3ea7-6205-02f7-8a8e517793cd

http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/jkse/article/download/14494/9059

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KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260 Telp : 021-53650162 Fax : 021-53650159 Web : www.bbrse.kkp.go.id www.bbrse.net email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": -26, "top": 185, "width": 2, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUT", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": -26, "top": 478, "width": 2, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 452, "top": 27, "width": 112, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2089-6980", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 20, "top": 26, "width": 185, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 93, "top": 547, "width": 322, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi KP Vol. 14 Hal. 1 - 91 Jakarta", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 280, "top": 548, "width": 204, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Juni 2024 ISSN 2089-6980 No. 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": -548, "top": 755, "width": 225, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR RISET SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN Gedung BRSDM 2 KP Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924 Web : https://kkp.go.id/brsdm/sosek email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 581, "width": 188, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi RISTEKDIKTI : 200/M/KPT/2020", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 127, "width": 451, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 208, "top": 186, "width": 179, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 Nomor 1, Desember 2024", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 172, "top": 216, "width": 252, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penanggung Jawab : Kepala Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 260, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewan Redaksi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 280, "width": 177, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketua: Dr. Irwan Muliawan ( Ekonomi Sumber Daya )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 313, "width": 34, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anggota:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 328, "width": 278, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prof. Dr. Harsuko Riniwati ( Sosial Ekonomi Perikanan ) Prof. Dr. Ir. Ketut Sukiyono., DipAgEc. MEc, (Ekonomi Pertanian) Dr. Armen Zulham (Sistem Usaha Perikanan) Dr. Yonvitner, S.Pi, M.Si. ( Dinamika Populasi & Lingkungan Perairan dan Sumberdaya Perikanan )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 397, "width": 245, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dr. Rani Hafsaridewi, S.K.M., M.Si. (Sistem Usaha Perikanan) Drs. Masyhuri Imron, MA ( Sosiologi ) Nendah Kurniasari, M. Si (Sosiologi & Kelembagaan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 453, "width": 182, "height": 97, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Redaksi Pelaksana : Sinta Nurwijayanti, M.A. Rizki Aprilian Wijaya, M.T. Dr. Subhechanis Saptanto Freshty Yulia Arthatiani, M.Si Badzlina Balqis, S.TP Rahadi Susetyo Frendly Muhammad, S.I.Kom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 566, "width": 108, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain dan Tata Letak : Ilham Ferbiansyah, S. Kom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 619, "width": 226, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alamat Redaksi : Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Gedung BRSDM KP 2 Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 672, "width": 171, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 229, "top": 685, "width": 139, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 696, "width": 237, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Online: http://ejournal-balitbang.kkp.go.id/index.php/jkse", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 460, "top": 66, "width": 79, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2089-6980", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 759, "width": 334, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal ini merupakan perubahan dari Jurnal Kebijakan dan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan dengan mengalami perubahan cover dan judul", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 1545, "top": 685, "width": 73, "height": 3, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Ecconomics Research Network", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 1387, "top": 644, "width": 236, "height": 70, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterbitkan bersama : Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Jaringan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 689, "top": 730, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR PENELITIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN JL. KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 689, "top": 746, "width": 126, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Telp : 021-53650162 Fax : 021-53650159 Web : www.bbrse.kkp.go.id www.bbrse.net email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 1201, "top": 186, "width": 2, "height": 315, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUT AN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 1679, "top": 27, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2089-6980", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 1248, "top": 26, "width": 224, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 No. 1, Desember 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 1321, "top": 547, "width": 388, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi KP Vol. 14 Hal. 1 - 91 Jakarta Desember 2024 ISSN 2089-6980 No. 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 681, "top": 755, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR RISET SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 681, "top": 764, "width": 131, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gedung BRSDM 2 KP Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 681, "top": 784, "width": 112, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Web : https://kkp.go.id/brsdm/sosek email : [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 1435, "top": 581, "width": 187, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi RISTEKDIKTI : 200/M/KPT/2020", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 536, "top": 791, "width": 2, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 262, "top": 140, "width": 113, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KATA PENGANTAR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 208, "width": 471, "height": 142, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Puji syukur kami panjatkan kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berkat RahmatNya telah diselesaikan Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Volume 14 Nomor 1 Tahun 2024. Jurnal ini telah terakreditasi berdasarkan Keputusan Kepala LIPI Nomor 1221/E/2016 tanggal 22 September 2016 dengan Sertifikat Akreditasi No. 758/Akred/P2MI-LIPI/08/2016. Jurnal ini merupakan pengembangan dari Jurnal Kebijakan dan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan yg diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan. Berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan RI Nomor 18/PERMEN-KP/2017 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan, maka sejak tanggal 30 Maret 2017 terjadi perubahan nama nomenklatur organisasi dari Pusat Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan menjadi Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 356, "width": 471, "height": 141, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penerbitan jurnal ini didanai oleh Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan. Informasi yang ditampilkan meliputi: (i) Analisis Kebijakan Zona Inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir, dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kepulauan Seribu; (ii) Urgensi Implementasi Konsep Ekonomi Biru dalam Tata Kelola Sektor Kelautan Indonesia; (iii) Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Kecamatan Girisubo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul; (iv) Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Ikan Berkelanjutan di Sungai Sengkarang, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah; (V) Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Pemanfaatan Rumpon Dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Laut Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Penangkapan Tuna di Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur); (vi) Aset Mata Pencaharian dan Efisiensi Model Rantai Pasok-Rantai Nilai Perikanan Tangkap Pelagis Kecil Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Saparua, dan; (vii) Analisis Budi Daya Lobster Berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 503, "width": 471, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan diterbitkannya jurnal ini, diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang ada kepada masyarakat dan menambah wawasan ilmu pengetahuan di bidang perikanan dan kelautan. Saran dan masukan dari pembaca sangat diharapkan guna kesempurnaan penerbitan jurnal ini dimasa mendatang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 458, "top": 619, "width": 32, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Redaksi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 4, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 127, "width": 471, "height": 58, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewan Redaksi Jurnal Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan (JKSEKP) menyampaikan penghargaan dan terima kasih sebesar - besarnya kepada para Mitra Bestari yang telah berpartisipasi dalam menelaah naskah yang diterbitkan di jurnal ilmiah ini, sehingga jurnal ini dapat terbit tepat pada waktunya. Mitra Beestari yang berpartisipasi dalam terbitan Volume 14 Nomor 1, Juni 2024 adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 210, "top": 75, "width": 162, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 211, "width": 467, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Prof. Dra. Indah Susilowati, M.Sc. Ph.D (Ekonomi Sumber Daya dan Lingkungan - Universitas Diponegoro", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 230, "width": 384, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Achmad Zamroni, Ph.D (Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir - Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 250, "width": 309, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Dr. Ir. Edi Susilo, MS (Sosiologi Perikanan - Universitas Brawijaya)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 270, "width": 468, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Maulana Firdaus, Ph.D (Sistem Usaha Perikanan - Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 289, "width": 470, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Abdul Malik, S.T., M.Si., Ph.D. (Lingkungan Perairan dan Sumberdaya Perikanan - Universitas Negeri Makassar)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 323, "width": 470, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Maharani Yulisti, Ph.D (Sistem Usaha Pemasaran dan Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 357, "width": 409, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Dr. Budi Wardono (Sistem Usaha Pemasaran dan Perikanan- Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 376, "width": 371, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Dr. Najamuddin, ST, M.Si (Ilmu Kelautan dan Lingkungan - Universitas Khairun)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 395, "width": 357, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9. Dr. Benny Osta Nababan, S.Pi, M.Si (Ekonomi Sumber daya - IPB University)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 415, "width": 439, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10. Dr. Teuku Muttaqin Mansur, MH (Dinamika Pengelolaan Sumberdaya - Universitas Syiah Kuala)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 434, "width": 414, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11. Radityo Pramoda, S.H., S.E., M.M (Hukum & Kelembagaan- Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 454, "width": 369, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12. Riesti Triyanti, M. Ling (Sistem Usaha Perikanan - Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 473, "width": 452, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13. Andi Alamsyah Rivai, S.Pi., M.Si (Dinamika Pengelolaan Sumberdaya - Universitas Negeri Makassar)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 470, "height": 30, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14. Tenny Apriliani, M.Si. (Dinamika Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Kelautan dan Perikanan - Badan Riset Inovasi Nasional)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 532, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "iii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 163, "width": 421, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 217, "top": 184, "width": 176, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 Nomor 1, Tahun 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 440, "top": 108, "width": 85, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2089-6980", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 243, "width": 449, "height": 252, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR ISI Halaman KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................................... i UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH ............................................................................................ ii DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................................. iii Analisis Kebijakan Zona Inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir, dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kepulauan Seribu Oleh : Adi Muliadi, Soeryo Adiwibowo, Yonvitner, Donwill Panggabean, Eha Saleha, Rinda Noviyanti dan Jan Hotman ........................................................... 1 - 13 Urgensi Implementasi Konsep Ekonomi Biru dalam Tata Kelola Sektor Kelautan Indonesia Oleh : Muhammad Rafi Darajati .................................................................... 15 - 22 Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Kecamatan Girisubo, Kabupaten Gunungkidul Oleh : Alifa Putri Madina, Darsono dan Ernoiz Antriyandarti ................................... 23 - 36", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 502, "width": 445, "height": 47, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Ikan Berkelanjutan di Sungai Sengkarang, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah Oleh : Heri Ariadi, Ashari Fahrurrozi, Wijianto dan M. Bahrus Syakirin ....................... 37 - 45", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 555, "width": 375, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Pemanfaatan Rumpon Dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Laut Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Penangkapan Tuna di Kabupaten Pacitan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 581, "width": 442, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jawa Timur) Oleh : Riesti Triyanti, Yesi Dewita Sari, Cornelia Mirwantini Witomo, Hakim Miftakhul Huda dan Hertria Maharani Putri .................................... 47- 64", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 76, "top": 631, "width": 387, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aset Mata Pencaharian dan Efisiensi Model Rantai Pasok-Rantai Nilai Perikanan Tangkap", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 644, "width": 445, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelagis Kecil Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Saparua Oleh : Hermi Oppier, Fahruddin Ramly, Arsad Matdoan dan Hendri D. Hahury .............. 65 - 79 Analisis Budi Daya Lobster Berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Oleh : Abdari Rohmanurcaesari, Eva Anggraini dan Nurliah Buhari ............................. 81 - 91", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 534, "top": 791, "width": 5, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "v", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 305, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zona inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Pesisir dan Pulau- Pulau Kecil (KKP3K) dapat menghadapi ancaman antropogenik alami maupun karena dampak kebijakan dan ego sektoral. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji aspek ekologi, sosial, dan ekonomi di kawasan konservasi Kepulauan Seribu sehingga dapat menghasilkan skenario terbaik setelah terbitnya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 27 tahun 2021 tentang perubahan zona inti KKP3K. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan empiris. Data primer diperoleh melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) dan wawancara serta data sekunder dari studi dokumentasi dengan skenario menggunakan analisis trade- off . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan skenario terbaik (rata-rata 57) adalah skenario B (zona inti digunakan untuk ekowisata berkelanjutan) karena mengedepankan asas keberlajutan lingkungan sebagai salah satu aset dalam mendorong pariwisata. Skenario A (zona inti tidak perlu dirubah) menjadi alternatif kedua karena pembatasan aktifitas melalui sistem zonasi positif terhadap keberlanjutan ekologi lingkungan, sedangkan skenario C (zona inti digunakan untuk ekonomi) menggambarkan perubahan aspek ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial yang berdampak negatif terhadap ekologi dan hanya berimplikasi positif terhadap aspek ekonomi dan sosial. Dasar legalitas dari perubahan zona inti yang digunakan untuk proyek strategis nasional akan menimbulkan dampak sosial dan ekologi, oleh karena itu perubahan terhadap zona inti mestinya tidak perlu dilakukan kecuali dapat memberikan alternatif yang bermuara pada penyelarasan dan peningkatan aspek ekologi, ekonomi, dan sosial pada kawasan tersebut .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 604, "width": 229, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: kawasan konservasi; zona inti; pesisir; analisis trade-off", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 277, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The core zone of the Coastal Marine Protected Area and Small Islands (KKP3K) can face anthropogenic, natural threats, as well as due to the impact of sectoral policies and egos. The purpose of this study is to examine the ecological, social, and economic aspects of the Thousand Islands conservation area so that it is expected to produce the best scenario related to the issuance of Government Regulation Number 27 of 2021 concerning changes in the KKP3K core zone. This research uses quantitative methods with an empirical approach and uses primary data obtained through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and interviews as well as secondary data from documentation studies screened with scenarios using trade-off analysis. The results showed that the best scenario (average 57) was scenario B (core zone used for sustainable ecotourism) because it prioritized the principle of environmental sustainability as one of the assets in encouraging tourism. Scenario A (core zone does not need to be changed) is the second alternative because restrictions on activities through the zoning system positivelly on the sustainability of environmental ecology, while scenario C (core zone is used for economics) describes changes in ecological, economic and social aspects that can produce negative impacts on ecology and only have positive implications for economic and social aspects. The legality basis of changes to core zones used for national strategic projects will have social and ecological impacts, therefore changes to core zones should not be necessary unless they provide alternatives that lead to alignment and improvement of ecological, economic, and social aspects of the region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 576, "width": 223, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: conservation areas; core zones; coast; trade-off analysis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 165, "width": 448, "height": 37, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Kebijakan Zona Inti Kawasan Konservasi Perairan, Pesisir, dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil di Kepulauan Seribu Resolving Fishermen Conflict through the Development of Co-settlement (Case Study in Cilacap City)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 217, "width": 318, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adi Muliadi, Soeryo Adiwibowo, Yonvitner, Donwill Panggabean, Eha Saleha, Rinda Noviyanti dan Jan Hotman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "vi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 250, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai sebuah negara kepulauan, maka pembangunan bidang kelautan harus dijadikan arus utama dalam kebijakan pembangunan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan alasan urgensi penerapan prinsip ekonomi biru dalam pengaturan tata kelola kelautan Indonesia. Hal ini menjadi penting dikarenakan kebijakan Pemerintah hendaknya selalu berorientasi kepada pembangunan kelautan yang berkelanjutan. Penulisan artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif untuk mengukur seberapa besar upaya yang telah dilakukan para pemangku kepentingan sehubungan dengan pengelolaan kelautan yang berbasis ekonomi biru. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekonomi kelautan yang berbasis ekonomi biru dapat menjadi andalan dalam peningkatan pendapatan Indonesia di masa yang akan depan sehingga dapat mewujudkan diri sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia. Oleh karena itu, Pemerintah Indonesia memiliki kesempatan dan kewajiban untuk menata ulang tata kelola kelautan nasional yang selaras dengan alam. Temuan dari hasil penelitian ini berupa strategi langkah kebijakan yang dapat dijalankan, yaitu dengan cara menselaraskan dan mengutuhkan tatanan hukum laut; menguatkan dan mensinergikan kelembagaan dan kerjasama kelautan; mengutuhkan dan mengintegrasikan data dan informasi laut; dan menumbuh kembangkan riset dan teknologi kelautan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 549, "width": 227, "height": 37, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: ekonomi biru; hukum laut; pembangunan berkelanjutan; Poros Maritim Dunia; negara kepulauan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 200, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As an archipelagic state, the development of the marine sector must be prioritized in its development policies in Indonesia.This study aims to elucidate the reasons for the urgency of implementing blue economy principles in the governance of Indonesia’s marine sector. This reason is crucial as government policies should always be oriented towards sustainable marine development. A This article employs qualitative research methods to assess the extent of stakeholders’ efforts in marine management based on the blue economy. The study findings demonstrate that a blue economy-based marine economy can serve as a cornerstone for increasing Indonesia’s future income, thus realizing its vision as the Global Maritime Fulcrum. Therefore, the Indonesian government has the opportunity and responsibility to restructure national marine governance in harmony with nature. The research findings present a strategy of policy steps that can be implemented, including harmonizing and strengthening the legal framework for the seas, strengthening and synergizing marine institutions and cooperation, strengthening and integrating marine data and information, and promoting marine research and technology.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 499, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: blue economy; the law of the sea; sustainable development; Global Maritime Fulcrum; archipelagic state", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 165, "width": 369, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Urgensi Implementasi Konsep Ekonomi Biru dalam Tata Kelola Sektor Kelautan Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 188, "width": 356, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Urgency of Implementing the Blue Economy Concept in Indonesian Marine Governance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 218, "width": 103, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muhammad Rafi Darajati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 529, "top": 791, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "vii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 273, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Sadeng memiliki potensi perikanan tangkap yang besar, didukung dengan adanya Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Sadeng. Akan tetapi di sisi lain, usaha perikanan tangkap menghadapi berbagai permasalahan seperti teknologi penangkapan skala kecil, SDM dan kelembagaan yang lemah, serta ketergantungan permodalan. Optimalisasi usaha perikanan tangkap perlu dilakukan dengan strategi pengembangan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan prioritas strategi pengembangan dengan memperhatikan kekuatan, kelemahan, peluang, dan ancaman dari usaha perikanan tangkap di perairan Sadeng. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur dengan 25 key informan yang terdiri dari beberapa stakeholder seperti nelayan, petugas pelabuhan, penyuluh, dan dinas. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan matriks IFE, matriks EFE, matriks IE, matriks SWOT dan QSPM. Posisi usaha perikanan tangkap nelayan Sadeng berada pada sel II matriks IE yang berarti memerlukan strategi pertumbuhan. Hasil prioritas strategi pengembangan usaha perikanan tangkap di pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Girisubo, Gunungkidul adalah strategi penyediaan sarana produktif di kawasan pelabuhan. Keterjangkauan sumber produktif dalam pengembangan sektor perikanan dapat mewujudkan kegiatan usaha penangkapan ikan yang lebih efisien guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 571, "width": 227, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: perikanan tangkap; Sadeng; strategi; SWOT;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 583, "width": 76, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "QSPM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 233, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The coastal area of Sadeng Beach has high capture fisheries potential, supported by the existence of the PPP Sadeng. On the other hand, the capture fisheries business faces various problems such as small-scale fishing technology, weak human resources and institutions, and capital dependence. Optimization of the capture fisheries business needs to be done with the right development strategy. This study aims to formulate priority development strategies by taking into account the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of capture fisheries in Sadeng waters. This research used descriptive qualitative method. The study was based on empirical analysis including questionnaire and interview surveying of 25 key informants consisting of several stakeholders such as fishermen, port officers, extension workers and government. Data analysis was performed using the IFE matrix, EFE matrix, IE matrix, SWOT matrix and QSPM. The position of the Sadeng fishermen’s capture fisheries business is in cell II of the IE matrix, which means it requires a growth strategy. The priority result of the capture fisheries business development strategy on the coast of Sadeng Beach, Girisubo, Gunungkidul is the strategy of providing productive facilities in the port area. Affordability of productive sources can create more efficient fishing business activities to improve the welfare of coastal communities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 532, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: capture fishery; Sadeng; strategy; SWOT; QSPM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 165, "width": 392, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Perikanan Tangkap di Pesisir Pantai Sadeng, Kecamatan Girisubo,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 177, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kabupaten Gunungkidul", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 200, "width": 432, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Business Development Strategy of Capture Fishery in Sadeng Coast, Girisubo Subdisrict, Gunungkidul District", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 229, "width": 219, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alifa Putri Madina, Darsono dan Ernoiz Antriyandarti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "viii", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 305, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sungai Sengkarang merupakan kawasan ekosistem hayati terpadu yang berperan penting dalam menjaga keseimbangan status sumber daya ikan di Daerah Aliran Sungai Pekalongan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik ekosistem Sungai Sengkareng, menganalisis permasalahan pemanfaatan, dan menganalisis strategi pengelolaan Sungai Sengkarang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pengambilan data secara terstruktur untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Berdasarkan kondisi ekologi, Sungai Sengkarang masih memiliki kondisi perairan yang cukup baik untuk dapat digunakan sebagai habitat ikan liar. Meskipun ekosistem perairan Sungai Sengkarang memiliki nilai biodiversitas yang beragam, tetapi kegiatan ekploitasi dari aktifitas manusia dirasakan dapat mengancam kelestarian sumber daya alam disana. Adapun permasalahan yang ada di sepanjang DAS Sungai Sengkarang diantaranya adalah terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan perairan, penutupan kanal air sungai, penangkapan liar, penurunan muka tanah, dan perhatian masyarakat sekitar yang minim. Selain itu, keberadaan populasi ikan di Sungai Sengkarang juga mulai menurun dalam beberapa tahun terakhir akibat adanya eksploitasi pengangkapan sumber daya ikan dan pencemaran perairan akibat kontaminasi limbah batik dan textil. Untuk menjaga supaya ekosistem hayati dan sumber daya ikan di perairan Sungai Sengkarang dapat pulih kembali maka diperlukan upaya-upaya sebagai berikut: 1) pengembangan suaka perairan; 2) rehabilitasi sungai;3) restocking ikan; dan 4) pengembangan sistem co-management dan beberapa strategi lain yang relevan secara terintegrasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 604, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: pencemaran; ikan, biodiversitas; ekosistem; habitat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 266, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Sengkarang River is the longest river in Pekalongan waters. Aside from being a natural fish habitat, the Sengkarang River is also used as a buffer for biological ecosystems in the waters of Pekalongan City and Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the fish resources status in the Sengakarang River and efforts to manage them. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with structured data collection to answer the research objectives Based on the water quality conditions, the Sengkarang River water description still has good enough conditions to be used as wild fish habitat. Even though the waters of the Sengkarang River have diverse biodiversity values, exploitation from human activities is felt to threaten the preservation of natural resources there. The problems that exist along the Sengkarang River watershed include pollution of the aquatic environment, closure of river water canals, illegal fishing, land subsidence, and minimal attention from the local community. Apart from that, the existence of fish populations in the Sengkarang River has also begun to decline in recent years due to exploitation of fish resources and water pollution due to contamination of batik and textile waste. In order to keep the biological ecosystem and fish resources in the waters of the Sengkarang River recovering, the following efforts are needed: 1.) development of water reserves, 2.) river rehabilitation, 3.) fish restocking, and 4.) development of a co-management system and strategic related option is an integrated manner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 565, "width": 191, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: pollution; fish; biodiversity; ecosystem; habitat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 165, "width": 464, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Ikan Berkelanjutan di Sungai Sengkarang, Kabupaten Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah Sustainable Strategy for Management of Fish Resources in Sengkarang River, Pekalongan Regency, Central Java", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 217, "width": 262, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heri Ariadi, Ashari Fahrurrozi, Wijianto dan M. Bahrus Syakirin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 531, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ix", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 314, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 327, "width": 227, "height": 352, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Demi keserasian ruang laut, pemerintah saat ini telah mengeluarkan kebijakan pengeloaan ruang laut dan perizinan untuk alat tangkap rumpon. Namun perlu dipahami terlebih dahulu beberapa risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam penangkapan ikan. Risiko yang ada disebabkan karena faktor eksternal (faktor alam), maupun yang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor internal (sumber daya manusia, kelembagaan, kebijakan dan teknologi) sehingga menimbulkan tingkat ketidakpastian yang tinggi. Faktor ketidakpastian tersebut dapat mempengaruhi level risiko penggunaan rumpon terhadap kelestarian sumberdaya, lingkungan perairan, dan keberlanjutan usaha penangkapan ikan tuna. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengidentifikasi karakteristik usaha penangkapan ikan tuna dengan alat tangkap rumpon, (2) Memetakan dan menganalisis risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam usaha penangkapan ikan tuna, dan (3) Merumuskan strategi pengurangan risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam usaha penangkapan ikan tuna sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai basis awal pengaturan ruang laut terkait alat tangkap rumpon. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur, pada bulan Juli-Desember 2021. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer yang diperoleh melalui wawancara, dan data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui statistik perikanan dan tinjauan pustaka. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan House of Risk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemetaan risiko penggunaan rumpon dalam penangkapan ikan dapat ditinjau dari lima aspek yaitu abiotik, biotik, kelembagaan, pemangku kepentingan, dan bisnis penangkapan. Terdapat 19 kejadian risiko dan 18 agen risiko penggunaan rumpon oleh nelayan, serta 7 sumber risiko kritis berdasarkan nilai potensi risiko agregat terbesar. Pemerintah harus melakukan penataan ulang rumpon dengan memperhatikan kondisi karakteristik gelombang, pengawasan berupa pengawasan bersama dengan masyarakat maupun pemasangan alat GPS dan insentif kebijakan seperti akses terhadap keuangan formal. Penataan ulang rumpon sesuai penilaian risiko diharapkan akan meningkatkan produksi ikan dan keberlanjutan sumber daya ikan akan dapat dikendalikan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 687, "width": 228, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: mitigasi risiko; rumpon; house of risk ; perikanan tangkap; tuna; berkelanjutan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 314, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 328, "width": 227, "height": 282, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The government has now issued a marine space management policy and permits for FAD fishing gear for harmony in marine space. However, it is necessary first to understand some of the risks of using FAD fishing gear in fishing. Existing risks are caused by external factors, such as natural factors, and those influenced by various internal factors, such as human resources, institutions, policies, and technology, giving rise to high uncertainty. These uncertainty factors can affect the level of risk of using FADs for resource sustainability, the aquatic environment, and the sustainability of tuna fishing businesses. For this reason, this research aims to: identify the characteristics of tuna fishing businesses using FAD fishing gear, map and analyze the risks of using FADs in tuna fishing businesses, and formulate strategies to reduce the risk of using FADs in fishing businesses. Therefore, catching tuna using FADs can be an initial basis for regulating marine space regarding FAD fishing equipment. The research was conducted in Pacitan Regency, East Java, in July–December 2021. The data used in this research were primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data obtained through fisheries statistics and literature reviews. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis and the House of Risk. The research results show that risk mapping for using FADs in fishing can be viewed from five aspects: abiotic, biotic, institutional, stakeholder, and fishing business. There are 19 risk events and 18 risk agents for the use of FADs by fishermen, as well as seven critical risk sources based on the most significant aggregate potential risk value. The government must reorganize FADs by paying attention to wave characteristics, joint monitoring with the community, and installing GPS equipment and policy incentives such as access to formal finance. The rearrangement of FADs according to the risk assessment will increase fish production, and the sustainability of fish resources will be well controlled.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 617, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: risk mitigation; fish agregating devices; house of risk; capture fisheries; tuna; sustainability", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 165, "width": 461, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Pemanfaatan Rumpon Dalam Mendukung Kebijakan Penataan Ruang Laut Berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Penangkapan Tuna di Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 206, "width": 468, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Risk Mitigation Strategies of The Utilization of Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) to Support Sustainable Marine Spatial Layout Policy (Case study: Tuna Fishing Business in Pacitan Regency, East Java)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 247, "width": 262, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riesti Triyanti, Yesi Dewita Sari, Cornelia Mirwantini Witomo, Hakim Miftakhul Huda dan Hertria Maharani Putri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 791, "width": 5, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "x", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 306, "width": 227, "height": 295, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aset mata pencaharian dan efisiensi model rantai pasok dan rantai nilai perikanan tangkap pelagis kecil masyarakat pesisir Pulau Saparua. Penelitian ini memadukan metode kuantitatif dengan desain survei. Data primer dikumpulkan dari penelitian lapangan melalui wawancara mendalam dan focus group Discussion (FGD), sedangkan data sekunder dikumpulkan dari instansi terkait, jurnal, dan laporan. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis aset penghidupan dan analisis kinerja rantai pasok. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa, masyarakat pesisir Pulau Saparua memiliki keberagaman aset matapencaharian, antara lain aset alam, aset manusia, aset fisik, aset sosial dan aset keuangan. Namun, diantara kelima aset matapencaharian tersebut yang memiliki kontribusi besar terhadap matapencahariannya adalah aset alam dan aset sosial. Sementara, efisiensi model rantai pasok-rantai nilai menunjukan bahwa, semakin pendek rantai pemasaran maka biaya pemasaran atau produksi, margin pemasaran, harga yang dibayar konsumen akan semakin rendah, namun harga yang diterima produsen akan semakin tinggi. Kegiatan pemasaran dapat dikatakan berhasil jika didukung oleh daya beli konsumen yang tinggi dan distribusi yang baik. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat dua rantai pemasaran pendek yang efisien dengan hanya dua pelaku (nelayan – pedagang pengumpul dan nelayan – pengecer/perempuan papalele). Namun kedua rantai pemasaran tersebut harus diperlakukan secara berbeda, dimana rantai pemasaran pertama memiliki nilai efektivitas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan rantai pemasaran berikutnya..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 608, "width": 227, "height": 37, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: aset mata pencaharian; rantai pasok; rantai nilai; perikanan tangkap pelagis kecil; masyarakat pesisir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 292, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 300, "top": 306, "width": 227, "height": 255, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aims to investigate livelihoods assets and the effectiveness of supply chain and value chain model of small pelagic capture fisheries of coastal communities of Saparua Island. This study combined a quantitative method using a survey design. The primary data was collected from field research using in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), while the secondary data was collected from related agencies, jurnals, and reports. The data was analyzed using livelihood asset analysis and supply chain performance analysis. The results show that the coastal communities of Saparua Island have a diversity of livelihood assets, including natural assets, human assets, physical assets, social assets and financial assets. However, among the five livelihood assets that have a major contribution to livelihoods are natural assets and social assets. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of the supply chain-value chain model shows that the lower the marketing or production costs, marketing margin, consumer prices paid, but the producer prices received would be higher. The marketing activities could be considered successful if they were supported by a high customer purchasing power and proper distribution. This study concludes that there were two effective short marketing chains with only two actors (fishermen – collecting traders and fishermen – retailers / papalele women). The two marketing chains, however, must be treated differently, with the former having a lower effectiveness value than the later.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 300, "top": 569, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: livelihoods assets; supply chain; value chain; small pelagic capture fisheries; coastal communities", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 165, "width": 418, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aset Mata Pencaharian dan Efisiensi Model Rantai Pasok-Rantai Nilai Perikanan Tangkap Pelagis Kecil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 177, "width": 137, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masyarakat Pesisir Pulau Saparua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 58, "top": 200, "width": 467, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Livelihoods Assets and The Efficiency of Supply Chain-Value Chain Model of Small Pelagic Capture Fisheries of Coastal Communities of Saparua Island", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 241, "width": 294, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hermi Oppier, Fahruddin Ramly, Arsad Matdoan dan Hendri D. Hahury", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 531, "top": 791, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "xi", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 277, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 197, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat kelayakan usaha dan merumuskan pengelolaan usaha budi daya lobster yang berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan melihat dari dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, kelembagaan, sosial dan teknologi. Kelayakan dihitung dengan analisis biaya manfaat dan keberlanjutan usaha dilihat dengan analisis RAPFISH ( Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries ). Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di kecamatan Jerowaru. Penentuan responden dilakukan menggunakan purposive sampling. Jumlah responden ditentukan dengan rumus Slovin didapat hasil 92 pembudidaya, akan tetapi untuk mengantisipasi outlier data maka diambil 99 pembudidaya. Berdasarkan data yang telah diolah memiliki hasil bahwa pada kapasitas usaha 8 lubang, 12 lubang dan 16 lubang layak, sedangkan pada kapasitas usaha 4 lubang tidak layak. Hasil indeks keberlanjutan menunjukan bahwa dimensi ekologi, dimensi ekonomi, dan dimensi sosial adalah cukup berkelanjutan, dimensi teknologi adalah kurang berkelanjutan, dan dimensi kelembagaan adalah tidak berkelanjutan...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 496, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: akuakultur; budi daya lobster; kelayakan usaha; keberlanjutan usaha; Pulau Lombok", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 277, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 291, "width": 227, "height": 178, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study is to look at business feasibility and formulate sustainable management of lobster farming in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara by looking at the ecological, economic, institutional, social and technological dimensions. Feasibility is calculated by benefit cost analysis and business sustainability is seen by RAPFISH (Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries) analysis. The research location was in Jerowaru sub-district. Determination of respondents was done using purposive sampling. The number of respondents was determined by the Slovin formula, resulting in 92 cultivators, but to anticipate data outliers, 99 cultivators were taken. Based on the data that has been processed, the results show that the business capacity of 8 holes, 12 holes and 16 holes is feasible, while the business capacity of 4 holes is not feasible. The results of the sustainability index show that the ecological dimension, economic dimension, and social dimension are quite sustainable, the technological dimension is less sustainable, and the institutional dimension is unsustainable.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 477, "width": 227, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: aquaculture; lobster farming; business feasibility; business sustainability; Lombok Island", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 165, "width": 306, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Budi Daya Lobster Berkelanjutan di Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 194, "width": 311, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sustainable Management of Lobster Farming in Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 224, "width": 244, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdari Rohmanurcaesari, Eva Anggraini dan Nurliah Buhari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 69, "width": 411, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INDEKS ABSTRAK JURNAL KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 162, "top": 82, "width": 285, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Abstract Index of Journal Policy Socio-Economics Marine and Fisheries)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 100, "width": 98, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 14 No. 1, Juni 2024", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 950, "top": 685, "width": 73, "height": 3, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesian Marine and Fisheries Socio-Ecconomics Research Network", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 868, "top": 644, "width": 89, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterbitkan bersama :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 697, "width": 934, "height": 44, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balai Besar Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan Jaringan Riset Sosial Ekonomi Kelautan dan Perikanan BALAI BESAR PENELITIAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 739, "width": 136, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JL. KS Tubun Petamburan VI, Jakarta Pusat 10260 Telp : 021-53650162 Fax : 021-53650159 Web : www.bbrse.kkp.go.id www.bbrse.net email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 606, "top": 186, "width": 2, "height": 169, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEBIJAKAN SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUT", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 606, "top": 478, "width": 2, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 1083, "top": 27, "width": 111, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: 2089-6980", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 653, "top": 26, "width": 224, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 14 No. 1, Desember 2024", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 725, "top": 547, "width": 389, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "J. Kebijakan Sosial Ekonomi KP Vol. 14 Hal. 1 - 91 Jakarta Desember 2024 ISSN 2089-6980 No. 1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 755, "width": 224, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BALAI BESAR RISET SOSIAL EKONOMI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 764, "width": 131, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gedung BRSDM 2 KP Lt. 2 Jalan Pasir Putih Nomor 1 Ancol Timur, Jakarta Utara Telp. (021) 6471 1583, Faks.(021) 64700924 Web : https://kkp.go.id/brsdm/sosek email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 839, "top": 581, "width": 187, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terakreditasi RISTEKDIKTI : 200/M/KPT/2020", "type": "Text" } ]

c26f6595-d8cb-5524-447d-3179cf85bceb

https://jktp.jurnalpoltekkesjayapura.com/index.php/jktp/article/download/343/183

[ { "left": 158, "top": 17, "width": 284, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL KEPERAWATAN TROPIS PAPUA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 179, "top": 33, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jktp.jurnalpoltekkesjayapura.com/jktp/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 60, "width": 520, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "VOLUME 06 NOMOR 01 JUNI 2023 ISSN 2654 - 5756", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 444, "top": 74, "width": 119, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ARTIKEL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 36, "top": 103, "width": 530, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA LEAFLET TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN REMAJA PUTRI TENTANG PENTINGNYA KONSUMSI TABLET FE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 151, "width": 499, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE EFFECT OF HEALTH EDUCATION USING LEAFLET MEDIA ON THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS ABOUT THE IMPORTANCE OF CONSUMPTION OF FE TABLETS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 176, "top": 211, "width": 245, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi 1* , Usman 1 , Teti Susliyanti Hasiu 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 224, "width": 320, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan STIKES IST Buton, Baubau, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 274, "width": 117, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history Received date: 19 Juni 2023 Revised date: 13 Juli 2023 Accepted date: 14 Juli 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 327, "width": 141, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Corresponding author: Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan STIKES IST Buton, Baubau, Indonesia, [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 254, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 277, "width": 341, "height": 204, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menstruasi merupakan perkembangan fisik yang khas pada remaja putri dan menandai remaja tersebut telah mengalami pubertas. Dampak utamanya dapat menimbulkan risiko anemia pada remaja putri. Anemia selama menstruasi mampu memberikan efek yang negatif bagi pertumbuhan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet terhadap tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis quasi experimental dengan desain one-group pretest-posttest design . Sampel penelitian berjumlah 31 orang. Teknik pengambilan sample menggunakan purposive sampling . Pendidikan kesehatan diberikan dengan menggunakan metode ceramah dan media leaflet. Hasil penelitian diperoleh rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan adalah 8,19 sedangkan nilai rata-rata sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan didapatkan 16,19. Hasil uji t diperoleh nilai p= 0,0000 <0,05, yang berarti ada perbedaan pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, sehingga dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet terhadap tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 495, "width": 271, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci : Pendidikan kesehatan, pengetahuan, tablet Fe", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 518, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 203, "top": 541, "width": 340, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menstruation is a typical physical development in adolescent girls and marks the adolescent as having undergone puberty. The main impact can pose a risk of anemia in adolescent girls. Anemia during menstruation can have a negative effect on growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of health education using leaflet media on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls about the importance of Fe tablet consumption at SMP Negeri 7 Baubau. This study used a quasi- experimental type with a one-group pretest-Posttest design. The research sample amounted to 31 people. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Health education was given using the lecture method and leaflet media. The results of the study obtained the average level of knowledge of adolescent girls before being given health education was 8.19 while the average value after being given health education was obtained 16.19. The results of the T test obtained p value = 0.0000 <0.05, which means there is a difference in the knowledge of adolescent girls before and after the intervention, as a result it can be concluded that there is an effect of health education using leaflet media on the level of knowledge of adolescent girls.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 748, "width": 229, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Health education, knowledge, fe tablets", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 44, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 60, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masa remaja merupakan masa peralihan dari masa anak-anak menuju masa dewasa. Remaja akan mengalami berbagai perubahan pada periode ini meliputi perubahan hormonal, fisik psikologis, dan sosial. Perubahan fisik yang menonjol adalah perkembangan tanda-tanda seks sekunder, terjadinya pertumbuhan, serta perubahan perilaku. Kematangan seksual terjadi melalui tahapan-tahapan yang teratur akhirnya mengantarkan anak siap dengan fungsi reproduksinya, pada anak perempuan ditandai dengan berfungsinya organ reproduksi seperti menstruasi (Batubara, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 133, "width": 513, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menstruasi merupakan perkembangan fisik yang khas pada remaja putri dan menandai remaja tersebut telah mengalami pubertas. Dampak utama dari menstruasi adalah timbulnya risiko anemia pada remaja, dan wanita usia subur (Alamsyah, 2018). Timbulnya anemia selama menstruasi mampu memberikan efek yang negatif bagi pertumbuhan remaja putri yaitu, menurunnya kemampuan konsentrasi belajar, mengganggu pertumbuhan tinggi badan yang tidak optimal, menurunkan kemampuan fisik dan wajah menjadi pucat (Henrika et al ., 2018). Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Pibriyanti et al ., (2021) menunjukkan beberapa faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian anemia pada remaja putri yaitu siklus menstruasi, lama menstruasi, dan frekuensi menstruasi. Remaja putri yang lama menstruasinya tidak normal lebih berrisiko 7,556 kali untuk mengalami anemia dibandingkan dengan remaja yang lama menstruasinya normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 241, "width": 513, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prevalensi anemia secara global berkisar 40-88%, dan angka kejadian anemia pada remaja putri di negara- negara berkembang sekitar 53,7%. Prevalensi kejadian anemia di Amerika Serikat sebanyak 2% - 10%. Di Mexico prevalensinya mencapai 22% pada Wanita (Nadiyah et al ., 2020). Di India angka kejadian anemia lebih dari 50% yang terjadi pada kelompok rentan wanita hamil, bayi, anak kecil dan remaja. Di Indonesia proporsi anemia ibu hamil sebesar 46,9% dan anemia remaja sebesar 48,9%. Berdasarkan hal tersebut anemia lebih banyak di alami pada remaja (Kemenkes RI, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 314, "width": 513, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah melakukan upaya penanggulangan anemia melalui program pemberian suplemen zat besi atau tablet tambah darah secara berkala untuk remaja putri yang diatur dalam PERMENKES No.88 tahun 2014 tentang standar tablet tambah darah bagi wanita usia subur dan ibu hamil (Fitriana & Dwi Pramardika, 2019). Salah satu programnya yaitu melalui upaya usaha kesehatan (UKS) dilakukan pemberian tablet Fe pada remaja putri sehingga tablet ini didapatkan secara gratis, walaupun didapatkan secara gratis masih ada beberapa remaja putri yang tidak rutin mengonsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah (Widiastuti & Rusmini, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 387, "width": 513, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan data Riskesdas tahun 2018 di Indonesia, proporsi pada remaja putri kelompok umur 15-24 tahun sebesar 32%. Proporsi pemberian tablet tambah darah yang diterima remaja putri sebesar 76,2%. Berdasarkan jumlah tersebut, remaja putri yang mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah >52 butir hanya 1,4% sedangkan < 52 butir sebesar 98,6%. Menurut data tersebut menunjukkan masih rendahnya kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah (Kemenkes RI, 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 448, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Remaja putri yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang akan berisiko tidak mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah 1 tablet/minggu 4,998 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan remaja putri yang memiliki pengetahuan cukup atau baik (Noviazahra, 2019). Kepatuhan responden dipengaruhi oleh faktor pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh responden itu sendiri. Pengetahuan ini adalah salah satu faktor predisposing dimana dapat mempengaruhi perilaku seseorang dalam mengkonsumsi tablet tambah darah, hal itu terjadi dikarenakan pengetahuan sendiri adalah faktor yang dominan dalam keputusan tindakan individu (Putra et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 521, "width": 513, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Hamranani et al ., (2018) pengetahuan yang kurang tentang tablet Fe akan mempengaruhi kepatuhan remaja putri dalam mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Metode penyuluhan yang paling sering dilakukan oleh petugas puskesmas untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan adalah metode ceramah dan tanya jawab, Sehingga perlu adanya penambahan media cetak seperti leaflet ketika penyuluhan. Penelitian yang dilakukan Nuradhiani et al ., (2017) bahwa kepatuhan dalam konsumsi TTD tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok responden yang diberikan kartu monitoring berbentuk leaflet, tanda tangan guru serta penambahan informasi mengenai anemia dan TTD.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 606, "width": 513, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian Enindelastri et al ., (2012) rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan siswa sesudah edukasi menggunakan media leaflet lebih unggul 33 nilai dibandingkan dengan pengetahuan siswa sebelum edukasi menggunakan media leaflet. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan media leaflet dalam menyampaikan informasi sehingga memberikan pemahaman sehingga meningkatkan perilaku. Media leaflet merupakan media tertulis yang berisi penyampaian pesan-pesan kesehatan melalui selembar kertas dan memiliki dua atau lebih lipatan dan berisi informasi dapat dalam bentuk kalimat atau gambar maupun keduanya (Wulandari et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 679, "width": 513, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil studi pendahuluan dengan mewawancarai salah satu guru pemegang program UKS, mengatakan bahwa saat ini program tablet Fe tidak berjalan efektif dikarenakan adanya kejadian luar biasa dengan mewabahnya Covid-19 pada awal tahun 2020 sehingga siswi kurang mendapatkan informasi tentang tablet Fe. Selain itu peneliti juga membagikan kuesioner pemberian Tablet Fe kepada 15 remaja putri SMP Negeri 7 Baubau didapatkan 90 % remaja tidak mengkonsumsi tablet Fe secara rutin dan didapatkan 2 orang yang memiliki pengetahuan baik tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe dan 13 orang memiliki pengetahuan buruk tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Beberapa remaja putri juga menganggap mengkonsumsi tablet Fe sebagai hal yang tidak penting dan tidak perlu dilakukan. Kurangnya informasi dan pengetahuan remaja tentang TTD atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 45, "width": 513, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tablet Fe, maka perlu dan penting adanya pemberian informasi dan pendidikan kesehatan sehingga dapat membuka wawasan remaja tentang pentingnya mengonsumsi tablet Fe. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet terhadap tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 106, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 118, "width": 513, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis quasi experimental dengan one-group pretest-Posttest design (Notoatmodjo, 2018). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau pada bulan Januari 2023. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua remaja putri di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau kelas VII sebanyak 48 siswi. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 31 orang degan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling (Khairinal, 2016). Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah leaflet dan kuesioner. Kuesioner tingkat pengetahuan tentang pentingnya tablet fe terdiri dari 20 pertanyaan diadaptasi dari penelitian Runkat (2019) kemudian dimodifikasi oleh peneliti dan telah diuji validitas dan realibilitasnya. Peneliti memberikan kuesioner kepada responden sebelum dan sesudah pemberian pendidikan kesehatan. Materi pendidikan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada responden meliputi konsep anemia dan tablet Fe. Pendidikan kesehatan diberikan sebanyak 4 kali selama penelitian dan peneliti menggunakan metode ceramah dengan media leaflet tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Analisa data menggunakan paired sample t-test untuk melihat adanya perbedaan pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya tablet Fe (Sugiyono, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 265, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 124, "top": 289, "width": 311, "height": 79, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Karakteristik Respoden No Umur (tahun) n % 1 12 22 71 2 13 6 19 3 14 3 10 Total 31 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 382, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 menunjukkan bahwa dari 31 responden sebagian besar remaja putri memiliki umur 12 tahun sebanyak 22 orang (71%) dan sebagian kecil remaja putri yang berumur 14 tahun sebanyak 3 orang (10%). Pada Tabel 2 diketahui sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe , responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang berjumlah 29 orang (93%) dan pengetahuan cukup berjumlah 2 orang (7%). Setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya konsumsi tablet Fe, responden yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup 17 orang (55%) dan tingkat pengetahuan baik berjumlah 13 orang (42%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 461, "width": 381, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Tingkat Pengetahuan Remaja Putri tentang Pentingnya Konsumsi Tablet Fe", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 485, "width": 310, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelompok Pengetahuan n % Pretest Kurang 29 93 Cukup 2 7 Baik 0 0 Posttest Kurang 1 3 Cukup 17 55 Baik 13 42 Total 31 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 589, "width": 513, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan selisih nilai rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan sebesar 8,00±0,61. Hasil uji paired sample t-test , diperoleh nilai p= 0,000 (<0,05) maka dinyatakan ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan remaja putri sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan. Hal ini dapat disimpulkan ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe pada remaja putri di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 657, "width": 489, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Pengaruh Pendidikan kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri Tentang pentingnya Konsumsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 668, "width": 356, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tablet Fe Pengetahuan Rata-rata Standar Deviasi Nilai p Selisih Pretest 8,19 1,990 0,000 8,00±0,61 Posttest 16,19 2,600", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 740, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 754, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagian besar remaja putri mulai mengalami menstruasi pada usia 12 tahun atau rata-rata 2 hingga 3 tahun setelah dimulainya perkembangan payudara. Perubahan tubuh ini dapat menimbulkan rasa ingin tahu dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 45, "width": 513, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kecemasan pada beberapa orang, terutama jika tidak tahu mana yang normal dan mana yang tidak. Secara kognitif, remaja pada tahap ini sudah mulai mengalami peningkatan minat intelektual. Mereka juga memiliki pemikiran yang konkrit, seperti mulai mencari kebenaran dari suatu hal, baik atau buruk, dan sebagainya. Selain itu, pada tahap ini remaja juga mulai memusatkan pemikiran mereka sendiri ( egosentrisme ) (Yanti et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 95, "width": 513, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Rebecca tahun 2019 dengan karakteristik responden dalam kategori umur mendapatkan hasil paling banyak remaja putri berusia 11-12 tahun sebanyak 18 orang (45%). Pada usia tersebut masuk kedalam kategori usia fase remaja awal. Puncak pertumbuhan pada remaja putri terjadi sekitar 12-18 bulan sebelum mengalami menstruasi pertama yaitu sekitar usia 10-14 tahun. Menurut Kemenkes RI (2018) umur kejadian menarche di Indonesia rata-rata terjadi pada umur 12,4 tahun dengan prevalensi 60%, pada usia 9-10 tahun sebanyak 2,6%, usia 11-12 tahun sebanyak 30,3%, dan pada usia 13 tahun sebanyak 30%. Sisanya mengalami menarche di atas umur 13 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 179, "width": 513, "height": 159, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian ini sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan kurang, tetapi setelah diberikan Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet tingkat pengetahuan responden mengalami perubahan yaitu mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik dan cukup. Keadaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa remaja putri di SMP Negeri 7 Baubau setelah mengikuti pendidikan kesehatan terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Mariyaningsih (2018) mengenai pendidikan kesehatan dengan media komik terhadap pengetahuan dan sikap siswi tentang tablet tambah darah dan anemia di SMP Negeri 2 Seragen. Rata - rata nilai tingkat pengetahuan saat pre-post menunjukkan adanya perbedaan rata-rata antara pendidikan anemia dan tablet tambah darah ceramah dengan media komik dan ceramah tanpa media komik terhadap tingkat pengetahuan siswi dengan p-value = 0,000. Hasil penelitian ini juga sejalan dengan penelitian Suryanti (2021) menunjukkan bahwa leaflet sebagai media edukasi memiliki pengaruh terhadap tingkat pengetahuan dan kecemasan ibu hamil. Media ini berisikan suatu gagasan secara langsung ke pokok permasalahannya dan memaparkan cara melakukan tindakan secara pendek dan lugas. Leaflet sangat efektif untuk menyampaikan pesan singkat dan padat, media ini juga mudah dibawa dan disebarluaskan karena ukurannya lebih ringkas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 344, "width": 513, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian sesuai dengan fase yang normal terjadi setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan, dimana tujuan serta hasil yang diharapkan dari pendidikan kesehatan adalah terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan, perubahan kebiasaan serta proses menyadarkan orang lain dalam berperilaku kearah kesehatan yang lebih baik. Pengetahuan akan mempengaruhi sikap, tindakan, pemikiran seseorang, dimana setiap orang yang biasanya memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang bervariasi, masing-masing memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda (Larasati et al., 2021). Hal ini menujukkan adanya pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe terhadap pengetahuan remaja putri. Hal ini sesuai sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Haeriyah & Kusumastuti (2021) yang menyatakan bahwa adanya peningkatan 60% pengetahuan responden setelah diberikan penyuluhan kesehatan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan penyuluhan kesehatan agar remaja putri mengerti pentingnya tablet tambah darah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 463, "width": 513, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurangnya informasi akan berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan seseorang. Semakin sering terpapar informasi maka pengetahuan seseorang akan meningkat pula (Sugiarti et al ., 2020). Peyuluhan kesehatan mengenai reproduksi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan anemia dan tablet Fe pada remaja putri mendapatkan hasil analisis statistik dengan nilai p- value = 0,000 < α (0,05) pada 32 responden yang artinya Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Penyuluhan kesehatan reproduksi remaja merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi pengetahuan remaja putri karena dengan diberikan penyuluhan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang anemia dan tablet tambah darah (Fitriani & Samria, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 548, "width": 513, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengetahuan tentang konsumsi tablet tambah darah sangat berpengaruh terhadap sikap dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah sejak dini. Pengetahuan tentang pentingnya mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah membawa remaja putri untuk berfikir dan berusaha supaya dapat menghindari terjadinya anemia defisiensi besi pada remaja putri (Noviazahra, 2019). Semakin baik pengetahuan remaja putri maka akan semakin baik pula tingkat kepatuhan dalam mengonsumsi tablet tambah darah (Agustina, 2019). Pendidikan kesehatan adalah salah satu strategi yang baik untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, karena dengan pendidikan kesehatan dapat memberikan informasi yang jelas mudah di pahami dan dimengerti oleh responden sehingga dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe. Responden sangat antusias dalam menerima dan memahami pendidikan kesehatan yang diberikan dibuktikan dengan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara hasil pretest dan posttest .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 680, "width": 163, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IMPLIKASI DAN KETERBATASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 693, "width": 513, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan harus secara gencar diberikan kepada remaja putri baik secara pasif maupun aktif disertai dengan program-program pemerintah yang sudah berjalan, pihak UKS sekolah juga perlu bekerja sama dengan pihak puskesmas setempat dalam pemberian informasi ataupun pendidikan kesehatan mengenai pentingnya tablet Fe. Pemberian pendidikan kesehatan kepada remaja tidak hanya diberikan melalui leaflet melainkan dapat menambahkan ataupun menggunakan media yang menarik agar dapat memberikan stimulus khususnya kepada remaja putri berupa audio visual. Adapun keterbatasan pada penelitian yaitu waktu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 45, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan sampel pemberian pendidikan kesehatan ditentukan oleh pihak sekolah sehingga sampel yang terpilih dan waktu menyesuaikan dengan keputusan yang diberikan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 79, "width": 69, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 92, "width": 513, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Remaja putri dalam penelitian ini rata-rata berusia 12-14 tahun. Pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan media leaflet yang dilakukan dalam 4 kali pertemuan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan remaja putri tentang pentingnya mengkonsumsi tablet Fe di SMP, hal ini didukung dengan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan yang signifikan pada responden setelah dilakukan pendidikan kesehatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 151, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 165, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terima kasih kepada pihak SMP Negeri 7 Baubau dan STIKES IST Buton yang telah menerima dan mendukung dan memfasilitasi dalam melakukan penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 201, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 218, "width": 513, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agustina, A. 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Jakarta: Badan Litbangkes kementrian Kesehatan RI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 607, "width": 434, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Khairinal. (2016). Menyusun Proposal, Skripsi, Tesis, & Disertasi. Jambi: Salim Media Indonesia .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 623, "width": 513, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Larasati, D. K., Mahmudiono, T., & Atmaka, D. R. (2021). Hubungan Pengetahuan dan Kepatuhan Mengkonsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah dengan Kejadian Anemia Defisiensi Besi: Literature Review. Media Gizi Kesmas , 10(2), 298. https://doi.org/10.20473/mgk.v10i2.2021.298-306", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 661, "width": 512, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mariyaningsih, D. (2018). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan dengan Media Komik Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Siswi Tentang Tablet Tambah Darah dan Anemia di SMP Negeri Sragen. Jurnal Publikasi , 17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 688, "width": 513, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nadiyah, Dewanti, L. P., Mulyani, E. Y., & Jus'at, I. (2020). Nutritional Anemia: Limitations And Consequences Of Indonesian Intervention Policy Restricted To Iron And Folic Acid . Asia Pacific Journal Of Clinical Nutrition , 29(Suppl 1), S55 –S73. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(S1).06", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 727, "width": 380, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Notoatmodjo S. (2018). Metodologi Penelitian Kesehatan. Jakarta : PT. Rineka Cipta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 742, "width": 513, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Noviazahra, D. (2019). Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Dalam Program Sekolah Peduli Kasus Anemia Pada Siswi Sma Negeri Di Kabupaten Bantul Tahun 2017 Dhina. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 53(9), 1689 –1699.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 16, "width": 342, "height": 17, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andi Nurhikma Mahdi, Usman, Teti Susliyanti Hasiu; Jurnal Keperawatan Tropis Papua, 6 (1), 2023: 13-18 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47539/jktp.v6i1.343", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 542, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 45, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nuradhiani, A., Briawan, D. dan Dwiriani, C. M. (2017). Dukungan Guru Meningkatkan Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Pada Remaja Putri di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan , 12(3), 153 –160. https://doi:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 68, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10.25182/jgp.2017.12.3.153-160.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 83, "width": 512, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pibriyanti, K., Nufus, N. T., & Luthfiya, L. (2021). The Relationship Of The Menstrual Cycle, Menstrual Length,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 95, "width": 476, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frequency Of Menstruation, And Physical Activities With The Incident Of Anemia In Adolescents Girls At Islamic Boarding School. Journal of Nutrition College , 10(2), 112-119.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 79, "top": 118, "width": 181, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.14710/jnc.v10i2.29855", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 133, "width": 512, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Putra, K. A., Munir, Z. dan Siam, W. N. (2020). Hubungan Kepatuhan Minum Tablet Fe dengan Kejadian Anemia (Hb) pada Remaja Putri Di SMP Negeri 1 Tapen Kabupaten Bondowoso. Jurnal Keperawatan Profesional , 8(1), 49-61. https://doi: 10.33650/jkp.v8i1.1021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 172, "width": 512, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rebecca Mutia, A., Ani, L. S., & Sucipta, W. C. wulan. (2019). Prevalensi Dysmenorrhea Dan Karakteristiknya Pada Remaja Putri Di Denpasar. Jurnal Medika Udayana , 8(11), 1 –6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 199, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Runkat, D. M. (2019). Hubungan Pengetahuan Gizi, Konsumsi Zat Besi, Vitamin C Dan Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Status Anemia Pada Siswi Sman 1 Ubud Gianyar. Poltekkes Denpasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 226, "width": 512, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiarti, N.N.M., Lindayani, I.K., & Mahayati, N.M.D. Manfaat Penyuluhan dengan Media Leaflet terhadap Pengetahuan Remaja Putri tentang Anemia. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan , 8 (1), 18-23.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 253, "width": 400, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: PT Alfabet.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 268, "width": 512, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suryanti, Y. (2021). Pengaruh Penkes Menggunakan Metode Ceramah Dan Leaflet Terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 280, "width": 476, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Primigravida. Jurnal Kesehatan dan Pembangunan ,11 (22), 110-118.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 79, "top": 291, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.52047/jkp.v11i22.118", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 307, "width": 513, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Widiastuti, A. dan Rusmini, R. (2019). Kepatuhan Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Pada Remaja Putri. Jurnal Sains Kebidanan , 1(1), 12-18. https://doi: 10.31983/jsk.v1i1.5438", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 334, "width": 513, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wulandari, T. S., Anisah, R. L., Fitriana, N. G., & Purnamasari, I. (2020). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Dengan Media Leaflet Untuk Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Dan Perilaku Dalam Upaya Menerapkan Protokol Kesehatan Pada Pedagang Di Car Free Day Temanggung. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan , 19(1), 9.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 372, "width": 513, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yanti, E. Afrida, Hasibuan, Y., Batubara, A., & Siregar, Y. (2020). Efektifitas Penyuluhan Media Leaflet Dan Metode Ceramah Terhadap Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Siswi Tentang Pernikahan Dini Di Sma Negeri 1 Pancur Batu Deli Serdang Tahun 2019. COLOSTRUM : Jurnal Kebidanan , 1(2), 25 –34.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 79, "top": 407, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.36911/colostrum.v1i2.690", "type": "List item" } ]

56bdd6f0-90b1-11bc-1fa7-7c513bf52c4f

https://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/article/download/7320/4798

[ { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 77, "width": 446, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA MOBILE LEARNING BERBASIS ANDROID TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA PADA MATERI KINEMATIKA GERAK LURUS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 117, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Izzatus Sholiha, Faradhillah, Muliani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 131, "width": 402, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Studi Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Malikussaleh, Aceh Utara *e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 185, "width": 455, "height": 176, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode campuran ( Mix Method ) dengan desain Sequential Exploratory yang menggabungkan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara berurutan. Dengan menggunakan metode pre- experimental desain One Group Pretest-Posttest dan metode pengembangan ADDIE ( Analyze, Design, Development, Implement, Evaluation ). Adapun kelayakan media Mobile Learning sebesar 87,6%, kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh guru sebesar 90,9%, serta kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh siswa sebesar 92,7%. Secara keseluruhan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android pada materi Gerak Lurus layak, menarik, memudahkan, dan dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media Mobile Learning terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi kinematika gerak lurus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 455, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Pembelajaran Android, Pemahaman Konsep, Mix Method, Mobile Learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 406, "width": 447, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DEVELOPMENT OF ANDROID-BASED MOBILE LEARNING MEDIA ON STUDENT’S UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPTS IN THE MATERIAL OF STRAIGHT MOTION KINEMATICS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 460, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract: This research is development research that aims to determine the effect of mobile learning media on students' understanding of concepts in straight motion material. The method used in this research is a mixed method with a sequential exploratory design that combines qualitative and quantitative research sequentially. The pre-experimental method, one group pretest-posttest design, and the ADDIE development method (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) were used. The feasibility of mobile learning media was 87.6%, the attractiveness and ease of mobile learning by teachers was 90.9%, and the attractiveness and ease of mobile learning by students was 92.7%. Overall, Android-based mobile learning products on straight motion material were found to be feasible, interesting, facilitating, and able to be used in the learning process. The results showed an influence of mobile learning media on the understanding of the concepts of students.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 625, "width": 409, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: android learning, concept understanding, mix method, mobile learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 653, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 667, "width": 455, "height": 93, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media yang secara lazim tersedia antara lain: buku, majalah, jurnal, koran, tabloid, untuk media offline, radio, tv, dan terakhir internet sebagai media online (Purnomo, Ag2006). Perkembangan media digital telah memberikan pengaruh yang sangat cepat ke dalam sistem pendidikan dan pembelajaran, penggunaan media teraebut sudah tidak asing lagi di bidang akademik maupun non akademik. Salah satu alternatif yang muncul terkait dengan media digital adalah beralihnya sumber belajar bagi peserta didik dari sumber belajar yang bersifat fisik (media analog) menjadi digital. Prinsip media pembelajaran digital adalah memudahkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "peserta didik dalam mengakses berbagai informasi apapun, kapanpun, dan dimanapun dibutuhkan, dalam hal ini media digital menggunakan perangkat yang terhubung ke internet (Wahidin, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 118, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan media ditandai dengan munculnya berbagai produk teknologi yang dapat mempermudah manusia dalam melakukan aktivitas. Salah satu produk teknologi yang sekarang banyak digunakan mampu menembus pasar dunia adalah smartphone . Berdasarkan data yang di publikasikan oleh International Data Corporation (IDC) menunjukkan pada 14 Agustus 2014 tercatat jumlah smatrphone yang terjual sudah pada tahun 2014 mencapai 301,3 juta unit. Dari jumlah tersebut, smartphone Andorid masih mendominasi dengan total penjualan sebesar 84,7 persen. Smartphone Android lebih banyak digunakan karena selain harga yang relatif terjangkau, sistem operasi Android dapat dikembangkan secara terbuka atau open source yang memungkinkan pengguna dapat membuat aplikasi sendiri seusai dengan kebutuhan (Listiaji, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 455, "height": 191, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan observasi yang dilakukan di SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis, hampir semua siswa menggunakan perangkat Android. Beberapa siswa telah memanfaatkan Android sebagai alat bantu pendukung belajar. Namun, kebanyakan siswa masih memanfaatkan Android sebagai wahan hiburan. Bahkan, tak jarang siswa mengoperasikan Android saat kegiatan pembelajaran berlangsung. Di sisi lain, guru masih menyampaikan materi fisika dengan menggunakan media papan tulis dan buku cetak, sedangkan siswa lebih senang dengan smartphone dibandingkan dengan media cetak. Kondisi ini dikarenakan guru belum memanfaatkan media yang berbasis elektronik untuk membantu siswa mengeksplorasi pengetahuannya sendiri. Padahal, penyampaian materi fisika dengan media papan tulis dan buku cetak membuat siswa jenuh, mengurangi tingkat kesenangan siswa dalam belajar, membuat siswa kurang aktif, dan kurang tertarik pada pembelajaran, karena siswa hanya menerima transfer ilmu dan informasi. Sedangkan siswa akan lebih mengingat pemahaman konsep yang diperoleh dari hasil mengkonstruksi pemahamannya sendiri dibandingkan secara informatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari permasalahan tersebut, maka perlu dikembangkan sebuah media pembelajaran yang tepat untuk membuat peserta didik lebih dapat mudah memahami pelajaran fisika. Media pembelajaran tersebut yaitu dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran mobile learning pada Android agar dapat meningkatkan pemahaman konsep siswa tersebut. Menurut Wilson dan bolliger (2013) (dalam Ibrahim dan Ishartiwi,2017) Mobile Learning pada prinsipnya bertujuan untuk mempermudah pembelajar belajar dimana saja dan kapan saja sesuai dengan waktu yang dimiliki. Karena, mobile learning secara virtual dapat diakses dari mana saja, dengan menyediakan akses untuk seluruh materi – materi pembelajaran yang berbeda – beda. Mobile Learning juga menyediakan sharing content untuk setiap pengguna dengan menggunakan konten yang sama, dan memungkinkan adanya umpan balik secara instan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 602, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 615, "width": 454, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian yang akan digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) atau sering disebut dengan R&D. (Sugiyono,2018) menyatakan, “R&D adalah metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan produk tertentu, dan mengaji keefektifan produk tersebut”. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan pendekatan kombinasi kuantitatif dan kualitatif (mixed) dengan desain sequential exploratory . Sequential exploratory , menurut (Sugiyono, 2017), “Merupakan penelitian kombinasi yang menggabungkan penelitian kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara berurutan. Pada tahap pertama menggunakan metode kualitatif dan pada tahap kedua metode kuantitatif. Dan untuk model atau desain yang digunakan adalah ADDIE (analyze, design, development, implementation, evaluation).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 195, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data Kualitatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 91, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara mengedarkan kuesioner atau angket. Kuesioner merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya. (Sugiyono, 2017). Angket yang digunakan peneliti tediri dari angket kelayakan produk mobile learning dan angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk mobile learning .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 174, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisis Data Kualitatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sesuai dengan yang telah disebutkan pada bagaimana pengumpulan data yang akan peneliti lakukan pada penelitian ini, maka terdapat beberapa cara yang akan dilakukan yaitu: 1. Angket Kelayakan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 229, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Angket ini akan diberikan untuk menguji kesesuaian isi, bahasa, dan kualitas penyajian. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menilai kelayakan dari pengembangan produk yang dihasilkan sebagai pegangan bagi guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil validasi ahli, akan menunjukkan kevalidan berdasarkan skor pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 298, "width": 404, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Kriteria Skor Penilaian Untuk Hasil Kelayakan Produk Indikator Skor Pilihan Jawaban 3,26 – 4,00 2,51 – 3,25 1,76 – 2,50 1,01 – 1,75 Komponen Isi Sangat Valid Valid Kurang Valid Tidak Valid Komponen Kebahasaan Sangat Valid Valid Kurang Valid Tidak Valid Komponen Kualitas Penyajian Sangat Valid Valid Kurang Valid Tidak Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber : (Indahini, Sulton, & Husna ,2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Angket ini akan diberikan untuk menguji kemenarikan dari tampilan produk dan kemudahan isi dan bahasa produk. Hal ini dilakukan untuk menilai kemenarikan dan kemudahan dari pengembangan produk yang dihasilkan sebagai pegangan bagi guru dan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 572, "width": 379, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Kriteria Skor Penilaian Untuk Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 98, "top": 587, "width": 406, "height": 111, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator Skor Pilihan Jawaban 3,26 – 4,00 2,51 – 3,25 1,76 – 2,50 1,01 – 1,75 Komponen Kemenarikan Sangat menarik Menarik Kurang Menarik Tidak Menarik Komponen Kemudahan Sangat mempermudah Mempermudah Kurang Mempermudah Tidak Mempermudah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 223, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: (Indahini, Sulton, & Husna, 2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 185, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Pengumpulan Data Kuantitatif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 100, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penulis menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data dengan cara melakukan tes. Tes yang dimaksud disini adalah tugas atau kegiatan yang terdapat pada media mobile learning untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsep siswa. Tes yang diberikan kepada siswa berbentuk soal pilihan ganda tentang materi gerak lurus kepada peserta didik untuk melihat pemahaman konsep siswa ( pretest ) untuk melihat peningkatan pemahaman konsep siswa ( posttest ) melalui media mobile learning berbasis Android. Dan juga menggunakan pre experimental desain One Group Pretest-Postest Design .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 187, "top": 238, "width": 221, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. One Group Pretest-Postest Design Sumber: (Sugiyono,2018)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 279, "width": 215, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: 𝑶 𝟏 = nilai pretest (sebelum diberi treatment) X = Treatment yang diberi 𝑶 𝟏 = nilai posttest (setelah diberi treatment)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 349, "width": 167, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik Analisi Data Kuantitatif a. Analisis Instrument", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 376, "width": 74, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 390, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Validitas adalah suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan tingkat-tingkat kevalidan atau kesahihan sesuatu instrumen. Suatu instrumen yang valid atau shahih mempunyai validitas tinggi, sebaliknya isnturmen yang kurang valid berarti validitas rendah (Arikunto,2010). Validitas item dapat diukur dengan menggunakan rumus korelasi product moment (Arikunto,2013) yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 458, "width": 224, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑟 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑁 ∑ 𝑋𝑌 − (∑ 𝑋)(∑ 𝑌) √{𝑁 ∑ 𝑋 2 − (∑ 𝑋 2 )} {𝑁 ∑ 𝑌 2 − (∑ 𝑌)}", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 507, "width": 290, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: 𝑟 𝑥𝑦 = Koefisien kolerasi antara variabel x dan variabel y Ʃ𝑋𝑌 = Jumlah perkalian x dengan y X = Skor tiap butir soal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 564, "width": 371, "height": 139, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = Skor total N = Banyaknya subjek atau peserta tes Tabel 3. Kriteria Validitas Instrumen Tes Nilai Validitas Kriteria 0,80-1,00 Sangat Tinggi 0,60-0,80 Tinggi 0,40-0,60 Cukup 0,20-0,40 Rendah 0,00-0,20 Sangat Rendah Sumber: (Arikunto,2013)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 720, "width": 88, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 733, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Realibilitas merupakan pengertian kepercayaan. Suatu tes dapat dinyatakan mempunyai taraf kepercayaan yang tinggi jika tes tersebut dapat memberikan hasil yang tetap,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 210, "width": 43, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑶 𝟏 X 𝑶 𝟐", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "maka reliabilitas berhubungan dengan masalah ketetapan hasil tes (Arikunto,2013). Menghitung reliabilitas dengan rumus Cronbach’s Alpha ( ∝ ) menggunakan persamaan KR- 20 (Arikunto, 2013) sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 128, "width": 136, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑟 11 = ( 𝑛 𝑛 − 1 ) (1 − ∑ 𝜎𝑖² 𝜎𝑡² )", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 161, "width": 214, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: 𝑟 11 = Reliabilitas tes secara keseluruhan Ʃ 𝜎𝑖² = Jumlah varians skor tiap-tiap 𝜎𝑡² = Varians soal n = Banyak butir soal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Daya Pembeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 259, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut (Arikunto,2013) daya pembeda soal adalah kemampuan suatu soal untuk membedakan antara siswa yang berkemampuan tinggi dengan siswa yang berkemampuan rendah. Untuk menghitung daya pembeda setiap butri soal, maka digunakan rumus sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 262, "top": 312, "width": 71, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐷 = 𝐵 𝐴 𝐽 𝐴 − 𝐵 𝐵 𝐽 𝐵", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 72, "top": 357, "width": 343, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: D = Indeks Daya Pembeda 𝐽 𝐴 = Banyak peserta kelompok atas 𝐽 𝐵 = Banyak peserta kelompok bawah 𝐵 𝐴 = Banyak peserta kelompok atas yang menjawab soal dengan benar 𝐵 𝐵 = Banyak peserta kelompok bawah yang menjawab dengan benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 455, "width": 363, "height": 97, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Klasifikasi Daya Pembeda Rentang Keterangan 0,00-0,20 Jelek 0,21-0,40 Cukup 0,41-0,70 Baik 0,71-1,00 Baik Sekali Sumber: (Arikunto,2013)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Tingkat Kesukaran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 610, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tingkat kesukaran test adalah kemampuan test tersebut dalam menjaring banyaknya subjek peserta test yang dapat mengerjakan dengan benar. Jika banyak peserta test yang menjawab benar maka taraf kesukaran test tinggi, sebaliknya jika hanya sedikit dari subjek yang menjawab benar maka taraf kesukaran rendah. Soal yang baik adalah saol yang tidak terlalu mudah atau tidak terlalu sukar (Arikunto, 2013) Untuk mrnghitung tingkat kesukaran soal dapat menggunakan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 690, "width": 37, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑃 = 𝐵 𝐽𝑆", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 722, "width": 258, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan : P = Indeks tingkat kesukaran B = Banyak siswa yang menjawab soal dengan benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JS = Jumlah seluruh siswa peserta test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 362, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Indeks Tingkat Kesukaran Rentang Keterangan 0,00-0,30 Sukar 0,31-0,70 Sedang 0,71-1,00 Mudah Sumber: (Arikunto,2013)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 204, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b . Analisis Prasyarat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normlitas adalah untuk pengujian normal atau tidaknya sebaran data yang akan dianalisis. Perhitungan uji normalitas pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan bantuan program SPSS for windows Versi 25. Kriteria yang digunakan pada penelitian ini apabila hasil uji normalitas nilai Asymp Sig (2tailed) lebih besar dari nilai alpha atau probabilitas 0,05 maka data berdistribusi normal, sedangkan nilai Asymp Sig (2tailed) lebih kecil dari nilai alpha atau probabilitas 0,05 maka datanya berdistribusi tidak normal (Sugiyono,2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Analisis Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 356, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji t Sesuai dengan One Group Pretest-Posttest Design , maka digunakan analisis hipotesis uji T-test satu sampel, dengan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 396, "width": 60, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑡 = 𝑋̅ − 𝜇ₒ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 411, "width": 4, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑠", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 424, "width": 128, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "√𝑛 Sumber: (Sugiyono,2018)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 164, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "t = nilai t yang dihiutng s = simpangan baku sampel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 490, "width": 160, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n = jumlah anggota sampel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 113, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑋̅ = nilai rata-rata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 517, "width": 171, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝜇ₒ = nilai yang dihipotesisikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 560, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 573, "width": 336, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Angket Kelayakan, Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk a. Hasil Angket Kelayakan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 601, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan para guru SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis sebagai responden angket kelayakan produk, maka didapatkan hasil sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 199, "top": 642, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Angket Kelayakan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 664, "width": 273, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator Kelayakan Produk Nilai Persentase Kriteria Komponen Isi 3,3 82,5% Sangat Valid Komponen Kebahasaan 3,75 93,7% Sangat Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 154, "top": 78, "width": 269, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Komponen Kualitas Penyajian 3,46 86,6% Sangat Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 119, "width": 455, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. diatas menunjukkan bahwa hasil angket kelayakan produk mobile learning pada komponen isi sebesar 82,50% sedangkan komponen kebahasaan diperoleh persentase sebesar 93,70% dan komponen kualitas penyajian sebesar 86,60% serta ketiga komponen memiliki kategori sangat valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 188, "width": 265, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Hasil Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 202, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sama halnya dengan kelayakan produk, kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk juga menggunakan analisis data yang sama dengan hasil sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 244, "width": 350, "height": 81, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk Oleh Guru Indikator Nilai Persentase Kriteria Kemenarikan 3,57 89,3% Sangat menarik Kemudahan 3,7 92,5% Sangat memudahkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 342, "width": 455, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7 diatas menunjukkan bahwa hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk mobile learning oleh guru pada indikator kemenarikan diperoleh persentase sebesar 89,30% dengan kriteria sangat menarik serta pada indikator kemudahan diperoleh persentase sebesar 92,50% dengan kriteria sangat memudahkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 411, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan berikut adalah hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk oleh siswa kelas X MIA 3 sebanyak 36 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 453, "width": 354, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8. Hasil Angket Kemenarikan dan Kemudahan Produk Oleh Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 167, "top": 474, "width": 265, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indikator Nilai Persentase Kriteria Kemenarikan 3,69 92,4% Sangat menarik Kemudahan 3,72 93,05% Sangat memudahkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 545, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8 diatas menunjukkan bahwa hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk mobile learning oleh siswa pada indikator kemenarikan sebesar 92,40% dengan kriteria sangat menarik dan indikator kemudahan sebesar 93,05% dengan kriteria sangat memudahkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 600, "width": 301, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Data Tes Awal (pretest) dan Data Tes Akhir (postest)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 614, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya yaitu melakukan pengolahan data hasil pretest dan postest, maka diperoleh data statistik deskriptif dengan menggunakan program IBM SPSS 23.0 for windwos yang terdiri dari nilai maksimum, nilai minimum, rata-rata, standar deviasi, dan varians. Penelitian ini mengambil siswa sebanyak 36 siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 683, "width": 294, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 9. Data Pretest dan Postest Pemahaman Konsep Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 697, "width": 367, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelas X MIA 3 N Minimu m Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Varians Pretest 36 30.00 70.00 52.08 10.91362 119.107 Postest 36 65.00 95.00 79.02 8.26520 68.313", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 455, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 9 diatas menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata pretest pada kelas X MIA 3 yakni sebesar 52,08. Sedangkan pada posttest memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 79.02. Dari nilai rata-rata tersebut menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara pretest dan posttest pada kelas X MIA 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 146, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Analisis Prasyarat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 160, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 183, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mendapatkan nilai uji one sample T- test yang ingin dicari, sebelumnya dilakukan uji normalitas terlebih dahulu. Tujuannya untuk melihat apakah populasi berdistribusi normal atau tidak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 224, "width": 220, "height": 82, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 10. Uji Normalitas Uji Normalitas Kolmogrov-Smirnov Statistik Df Sig. Pretest 0.133 36 0.107 Posttest 0.131 36 0.119", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 324, "width": 455, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji normalitas data didapatkan bahwa data berdistribusi normal, ditandai dengan nilai signifikansi yang didapat > 0,05, maka data berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 365, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Analisis Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 379, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melakukan uji normalitas serta uji homogenitas dan data yang diperoleh berdistribusi normal, maka selanjutnya dilakukan analisis hipotesis yang menggunakan Uji T- tets Satu Sampel. Uji T- tets Satu Sampel dilakukan untuk mengetahui pemahaman konsep siswa sebelum dan sesudah penerapan mobile learning . Tujuan dilakukan uji T- test Satu Sampel untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat penerapan yang signifikan antara skor pretest dan skor posttest .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 454, "height": 185, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 11. Uji T- test satu sampel. Uji T-Test Satu Sampel Nilai Pemahaman Konsep Siswa Menggunakan Mobile Learning Test Value = 75 T Df Sig. (2-tailed) 33.456 71 0.000 25.278 71 0.000 Dengan nilai 𝑋̅ = 79.02, 𝜇 0 = 75, s = 8,26 dan n = 36 didapatkan hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis sebesar 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 = 25.278 dengan taraf nyata ( 𝛼 ) = 0,05, diperoleh nilai 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 = 1.684. Kriteria pengujiannya adalah 𝐻 0 ditolak jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 diterima, dan 𝐻 0 diterima jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 < 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dan didapatkan 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 (25.278 > 1684) maka 𝐻 1 diterima. Artinya, terdapat pengaruh pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Kinematika gerak lurus kelas X MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis dengan penerapan media mobile learning berbasis Android.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 677, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android menggunakan desain ADDIE dengan hasil tahapan pengembangan yaitu tahap pertama adalah analisis ( analyze ), pada tahap perencanaan awal ini peneliti mulai memikirkan tentang produk media pembelajaran apa yang akan dikembangkan dalam penelitian berdasarkan hasil observasi saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Setelah dilaksanakan observasi didapatkan bahwa siswa membutuhkan media pembelajaran selain media papan tulis, media cetak dan kebutuhan media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 77, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pembelajaran yang konstektual sehingga peneliti melakukan pengembangan media pembelajaran berupa Mobile Learning berbasis Android. Dengan adanya Mobile Learning siswa dapat terdorong secara mandiri dan percaya diri untuk menjelaskan konsep-konsep fisika dengan cara mereka sendiri. Dan dengan adanya Mobile Learning dapat menampilkan suatu materi yang bersifat abstrak dan tidak dapat dibayangkan oleh siswa dengan menggunakan animasi yang terdapat di Mobile Learning dengan cara yang menarik dan dapat membuat siswa lebih terfokus pada proses pembelajaran. Hal ini seperti yang dinyatakan oleh (Yuniati, 2012)“ Mobile Learning menjadikan pembelajaran menjadi unik, menarik, dan dapat meningkatkan perhatian pada proses pembelajaran, membuat pembelajaran menjadi persuasif, dan dapat mendorong motivasi pembelajar kepada pembelajaran”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 229, "width": 455, "height": 246, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap selanjutnya, tahap kedua yaitu desain ( design ), pada tahap ini peneliti merancang konsep produk, baik tampilan awal aplikasi, warna backgorund, serta penggunaan jenis ukuran font. Pada tampilan awal aplikasi terdapat logo ibuildapp (penyedia pelayanan), nama penyedia layanan dan nama website. Serta didesain tempat login aplikasi mobile learning . Untuk warna backgorund, dipilih warna soft blue dan putih, menggunakan soft blue dan putih sebagai warna background dengan alasan kedua warna dapat menyatu dengan baik. Seperti yang dikatakan oleh (Kuasaputra & Soewito, 2014), “warna-warna yang mewakili perasaan sejuk dan menarik perhatian seperti biru, ungu, dan hijau”. Warna biru dan putih juga dapat menyatu dengan warna lain dan berbagai gambar yang terdapat di mobile learning . Dan untuk font , menu sajian aplikasi menggunakan jenis Comic Sans MS dan Arial Narrow. Dan penulisan judul sub materi menggunakan Berlin Sans FB , serta penjelasan dan materi yang disajikan menggunakan Times New Roman dengan ukuran 12. Pada tahap ketiga yaitu pengembangan ( development ), pada tahap ini peneliti membuat produk baru dengan spesifikasi tampilan awal aplikasi, menu sajian aplikasi, tampilan menu sub materi, menu video pembelajaran animasi bergerak, serta tampilan kuis. Serta membuat instrumen berupa angket yang akan disebarkan pada guru dan siswa untuk melihat umpan balik mengenai mobile learning yang digunakan. Angket yang digunakan ada 2 yaitu, angket kelayakan produk dan angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tahap keempat yaitu implementasi ( implementation ), setelah dilakukan revisi produk pada tahap development dan dinyatakan layak, maka produk di implementasikan pada kelas sesungguhnya, yaitu kelas X MIA 3 SMA Negeri 1 Batang Kuis, (Indahini, Sulton, & Husna, 2018) menyatakan “Tahap implementasi ini diperlukan untuk mengumpulkan data sebagai dasar dalam menetapkan kelayakan produk yang dihasilkan sehingga menunjang ketercapaian tujuan pembelajaran”. Dan tahap akhir, tahap kelima yaitu evaluasi ( evaluation ), pada tahap ini peneliti membuat hasil angket kelayakan, kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk oleh guru dan siswa yang disebarkan berdasarkan implementasi produk yang telah dilakukan. Dan hasil tes pemahaman konsep yang disebarkan untuk melihat pengaruh produk terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 615, "width": 455, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan untuk hasil angket kelayakan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android oleh guru dengan 5 orang guru sebagai responden didapatkan skor nilai 3,50 dengan persentase sebesar 87,6% dalam kategori “sangat valid” secara keseluruhan kelayakan produk. Dengan komponen isi bernilai 3,3 dengan persentase sebesar 82,5%, komoponen kebahasaan bernilai 3,75 dengan pesrsentase sebesar 93,7%, dan komponen kualitas penyajian sebesar 3,46 dengan persentase sebesar 86,6% serta ketiga komponen dalam kategori “sangat valid”. Begitu pula hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh guru dengan jumlah responden yang sama didapatkan skor nilai 3,57 dengan persentase sebesar 90,9% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan” secara keseluruhan indikator. Dengan indikator kemenarikan bernilai 3,57 dengan persentase sebesar 89,3%, indikator kemudahan bernilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "101", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3,70 dengan persentase sebesar 92,5% dan kedua indikator dalam kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 455, "height": 149, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dan hasil angket kemenarikan dan kemudahan Mobile Learning oleh siswa dengan 36 siswa sebagai responden didapatkan skor nilai 3,70 dengan persentase sebesar 92,7% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan” secara keseluruhan indikator. Indikator kemenarikan dengan nilai 3,69 dengan persentase sebesar 92,4% dan indikator kemudahan dengan nilai 3,72 dengan persentase sebesar 93,05% serta kedua indikator dalam kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan”. Secara keseluruhan produk Mobile Learning layak, menarik, memudahkan serta efektif digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Hal ini sejalan dengan pengembangan Mobile Learning yang telah dilakukan oleh (Setiawati, Kartika, & Purwanto, 2018) bahwa media Mobile Learning yang dikembangkan sangat valid, sangat layak digunakan dengan nilai 90,83% dengan tingkat respon siswa terhadap Mobile Learning sangat baik sebesar 91,08%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 256, "width": 455, "height": 122, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini pengembangan media Mobile Learning digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media mobile learning terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Kinematika gerak lurus kelas X MIA 3. Desain yang digunakan adalah pretest-posttest one group design yakni penelitian yang dilakukan pada satu sampel penelitian yang diberi perlakuan pretest dan posttest . Setelah dilakukan perhitungan dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, didapatkan hasil tes pemahaman konsep sebelum diberi perlakuan dan sesudah diberi perlakuan. Sebelum diberi perlakuan ( pretest ) nilai rata-rata kelas X MIA 3 sebesar 52.08 sedangakan sesudah diberi perlakuan ( posttest ) nilai rata-rata kelas X MIA 3 sebesar 79.02.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 381, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil dari pretest dan posttest pada Mobile Learning berbasis Andorid pada materi Gerak Lurus yang telah diberikan kepada siswa kelas X MIA 3 sebanyak 36 siswa diperoleh data berdistribusi normal. Dengan melihat nilai pada tabel Kolmogrov-Smirnov dengan alasan jumlah sampel yang melebihi 30, didapatkan nilai Sig = 0,119, dan Sig = 0,119 > 0,05 maka distribusi data adalah normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 450, "width": 455, "height": 180, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji hipotesis dilakukan menggunakan uji T- test satu sampel dengan kriteria pengujian 𝐻 0 ditolak jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 diterima, dan 𝐻 0 diterima jika 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 < 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 maka 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dan taraf nyata ( 𝛼 ) atau Sig . (2-tailed) = 5% atau 0,05. Hasil perhitungan uji hipotesis diperoleh 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 = 25.278 dan nilai 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 = 1.684. Dan didapatkan 𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 (22.578 > 1.684) dengan Sig. (2-tailed) = 0,00 < 0,05 maka 𝐻 1 diterima. Dapat ditafsirkan rata- rata nilai yang diperoleh siswa dengan menggunakan media Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus telah mencapai KKM yang telah ditetapkan. Hal ini berarti media Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus efektif untuk digunakan dan dapat memudahkan siswa dalam memahami materi. Hal ini sejalan dengan pengembangan media Mobile Learning yang telah dilakukan oleh (Rihandoko, 2018) bahwa media Mobile Learning dapat menambah motivasi belajar peserta didik untuk belajar mandiri atau bersama guru, mendukung belajar lebih efektif, efisien, dan mampu meningkatkan pemahaman peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 647, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 661, "width": 455, "height": 107, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android pada materi Gerak Lurus layak digunakan dengan nilai 3,50 dengan persentase sebesar 87,6% dalam kategori “sangat valid”. Kemenarikan dan kemudahan produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android pada materi Gerak Lurus oleh Guru bernilai 3,63 persentase sebesar 90,9% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan” secara keseluruhan indikator. oleh siswa terdapat penilaian kemenarikan dan kemudahan tersendiri yang bernilai 3,70 persentase sebesar 92,7% dengan kategori “sangat menarik dan sangat memudahkan”. Adanya pengaruh produk Mobile Learning berbasis Android terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa pada materi Gerak Lurus dengan nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 21, "width": 246, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RELATIVITAS: Jurnal Riset Inovasi Pembelajaran Fisika http://ojs.unimal.ac.id/index.php/relativitas/index", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 410, "top": 21, "width": 116, "height": 32, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oktober 2022. Vol.5, No. 2 p-ISSN: 2654-4172 e-ISSN: 2655-8793", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 289, "top": 782, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "102", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 455, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑡 ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 > 𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 (25.278 > 1684) maka 𝐻 1 diterima dan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada nilai rata-rata pretest dan posttest siswa yaitu pretest sebesar 52.08 sedangkan posttest 79.02 yang artinya media Mobile Learning berbasis Android berpengaruh terhadap pemahaman konsep siswa kelas X MIA 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 148, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 174, "width": 420, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arikunto, S. (2013). Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan Edisi 2. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 199, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ibrahim, N., & Ishartiwi. (2017). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Mobile Learning Berbasis Androidmata Pelajaran IPA Untuk Siswa SMP. Jurnal Refleksi Edukatika, 8(1) , 2087-9385.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 455, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indahini, R. S., Sulton, & Husna, A. (2018). Pengembangan Multimedia Mobile Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Simulasi dan Komunikasi Digital Kelas X SMK. Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 1(2) , 141-148.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 282, "width": 455, "height": 66, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kuasaputra, I., & Soewito, B. (2014). Perancangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Lima Bahasa Kasih Untuk Anak Usia 5-8 Tahun. DKV Adiwarna , (4),13. Listiaji, P. (2015). Pengembangan Aplikasi Mobile Learning Sebagai Penunjang Pembelajaran Fisika Pada Materi Hukum Gravitasi Newton Untuk Siswa SMA. Skripsi. Semarang: Universitas Negeri Semarang .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 454, "height": 108, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rihandoko, A. (2018). Pengembangan Media Mobile Learning Appypie Android Berbasis Pemahaman Konsep Peserta Didik Kelas XI Pada Mata Pelajaran Biologi di Tingkat SMA/MA. Skripis, Lampung: Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Intan Lampung . Setiawati, N., Kartika, I., & Purwanto, J. (2018). Pengembangan Mobile Learning (M- Learning) Berbasis Android Berbasis Moodle Sebagai Daya Dukung Pembelajaran Fisika di SMA. Disajikan Pada Seminar Nasional Fisika dan Pendidikan Fisika ke-2 (https://core.ac.uk) diakses 27 februari 2021 . Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kombinasi (Mixed Method). Bandung: Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 474, "width": 438, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono. (2018). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R& D. Bandung: Alfabeta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 500, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wahidin, U. (2018). Implementasi Literasi Media Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti. Jurnal Edukasi Islam:Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7 (2) , 229-243.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 541, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yuniati, L. (2012). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Mobile Learning Efek Doppler Sebagai Alat Bantu Dalam Pembelajaran Fisika Yang Menyenangkan. Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran Fisika , 2(2), 93-94.", "type": "List item" } ]

859334e7-7de6-eea3-b875-c83184f043df

https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journal/index.php/multilateralpjkr/article/download/15942/9091

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"height": 163, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Suroto Suroto, Bayu Budi Prakoso, Mochamad Ridwan, Dwi Lorry Juniarisca. \"Berpikir kritis dan hubungannya dengan prestasi akademik calon guru pendidikan jasmani olahraga dan kesehatan\", Jurnal Olahraga Pendidikan Indonesia (JOPI), 2021 Publication", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 527, "width": 117, "height": 39, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "id.scribd.com Internet Source", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 588, "width": 291, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "journal.universitaspahlawan.ac.id", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 612, "width": 79, "height": 15, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Internet Source", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 649, "width": 144, "height": 39, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": 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9f61dfc2-0375-1f8a-0b81-520b2ac25204

https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/SKETSABISNIS/article/download/3433/2521

[ { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 226, "top": 80, "width": 159, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sketsa Bisnis, Volume 10 No.01 Juli 2023, 30 - 44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 288, "top": 121, "width": 124, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SKETSA BISNIS", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 189, "top": 138, "width": 317, "height": 47, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: https://jurnal.yudharta.ac.id/v2/index.php/SKETSABISNIS ISSN 2356-3672 E-ISSN 2460- 0989 Naskah Diterima : 19 Agustus 2022 Diterima Publikasi : 12 Juni 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 220, "width": 378, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Kepercayaan, Kepuasan serta Loyalitas Pelanggan pada Brand", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 179, "top": 235, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sneaker internasional Ditinjau dari Brand Equity", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 263, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Endy Widianto 1* , Dion Dewa Barata 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 287, "width": 413, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2 Universitas Internasional Batam, Baloi-Sei Ladi, Jl. Gajah Mada, Tiban Indah, Kec. Sekupang, Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau, kode pos 29426, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 321, "width": 237, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*) Penulis Korespondensi: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The consumer behavior of the Indonesian people who tend to choose foreign brands over local brands is something that needs to be criticized, explored and tested with the aim of developing the local economy. Predisposition and loyalty to a brand are influenced by several antecedents, including brand equity. This study aims to find out why many people are more interested in international brands than local brands. The research sample was obtained through a purposive sampling method, while data collection used a survey questionnaire. The research analysis used is partial least squares with purposive sampling method. The findings of this study include; brand equity variable has a significant and positive relationship to customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and customer trust. However, the variable customer satisfaction has no significant effect on customer loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 497, "width": 415, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Brand Equity, Customer Trust, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 522, "width": 44, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 444, "height": 137, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perilaku konsumerisme masyarakat indonesia yang cenderung memilih brand asing daripada brand lokal merupakan hal yang perlu di kritisi, di explore dan di uji dengan tujuan pengembangan ekonomi lokal. Tindakan kecenderungan dan loyal pada suatu brand dipengaruhi oleh beberapa anteseden, termasuk ekuitas merek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengapa banyak orang lebih tertarik pada merek internasional daripada merek lokal. Sampel penelitian diperoleh melalui metode purposive sampling, sedangkan pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner survey . analisis penelitian yang digunakan adalah partial least square dengan metode purposive sampling. Temuan penelitian ini antaralain; variabel ekuitas merek memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dan positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, loyalitas pelanggan, dan kepercayaan pelanggan. Namun, variabel kepuasan pelanggan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 688, "width": 443, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Ekuitas Merek, Kepercayaan Pelanggan, Kepuasan Pelanggan, Loyalitas Pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 444, "height": 181, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebanyakan warga di Indonesia lebih suka berlanja pakaian sampai perhiasan dan barang lainnya di merek produk asing. hingga bisa dibilang kalau merek lokal masih kalah persaingan dengan merek produk asing. Dari data yang telah didapatkan 60% pelanggan di Indonesia semakin gemar dalam berbelanja beraneka macam produk asing ketimbang hasil pembuatan dari Indonesia. Konsumen di Indonesia masih mengincar produk merek asing dikarenakan bisa dibilang kalau nilai dari suatu brand luar negeri sangat bagus dan harganya terjangkau. Sementara di Indonesia masih belum kompeten dalam bersaing apalagi dari aspek nilai dan kualitas. Kebanyakan ciptaan lokal sangat bagus akan tetapi dari harga yang kurang memadai. Hal ini yang membuat Indonesia kesulitan untuk menjadi pusat ekonomi dunia (Yulistara, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 444, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tindakan konsumerisme pada produk asing tersebut tentunya di karenakan persepsi pelanggan dan branding yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan, hal ini dibuktikan oleh Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021), Diansyah & Putera (2017), Bambang & Heriyanto (2017), yang menemukan bahwa brand equity dan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer loyalty . Untuk itu, kepentingan didasarkan pada kesadaran pelanggan akan suatu merek dan pembentuknya dalam suatu merek selama keberadaannya. Yang dimana suatu merek bisa memberikan penilaian tambahan yang signifikan apabila dikenalin dengan pantas ataupun mempunyai gabungan yang positif di benak pelanggan. pelanggan yang mengbuktikan perilaku positifnya dengan suatu merek dan memiliki keterikatan suatu merek tersendiri atau berencana untuk bergerak berbelanja memperlihatkan kepuasaan ataupun setiaan terhadap merek tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 499, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelanggan yang memiliki perilaku positif terhadap suatu merk akan puas dan setia pada merk tersebut, hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Susilo (2018), Leninkumar (2017), Madjid (2013), sikap perilaku pelanggan yang dapat menjadi indikator apakah variabel pengalaman merek dan kualitas pelayanan yang diperoleh pelanggan dapat tercapai sebanding dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan sebuah usaha. Ini akan mempengaruhi jangka Panjang perilaku konsumen yang paling menguntungkan bagi perusahaan yaitu loyalitas pelanggan. Sedangkan pengaruh tidak signifikan ditemukan oleh Ganiyu (2017), Minarti & Segoro (2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 651, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Customer trust berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer loyalty , karena kepercayaan merupakan salah satu aspek penting sehingga dapat menciptakan customer loyalty yang positif (Jung et al . 2020; Ramadhan 2020; Susanto & Heriyanto 2019; Leninkumar 2017). Efek puncak yang diinginkan dari pertemuan layanan dan kepuasan pelanggan adalah perilaku tindakan pelanggan yang dapat diprediksi dari loyalitas pelanggan mereka (Madjid, 2013). Kesetiaan konsumen merupakan keinginan perilaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "untuk melaksanakan pemberlanjaan secara mengulang kali dan untuk menciptakan sebuah loyalitas konsumen dengan suatu barang ataupun perlayanan yang diperoleh dari industri tersebut dibutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga suatu proses pemberlanjaan secara mengulang kali (Sari, 2018). Kemauan yang kuat agar membeli ataupun mendatangi barang ataupun layanan yang sesuai dan disukai, justru dapat memicu aktivitas konversi untuk menentukan merek yang lainnya. Loyalitas juga ada ketika pelanggan menolak tekanan untuk beralih ke merek yang lain (Lesmana et al ., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 444, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas pelanggan bisa dipengaruhi dengan banyak dimensi, salah satunya adalah dimensi yang berkaitan dengan ekuitas merek. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari tahu mengapa orang-orang lebih tertarik dengan brand luar dari pada brand lokal. Jika indikator customer loyalty dihubungkan dengan indikator kepercayaan dengan customer satisfaction ini apakah variabel loyalitas pelanggan ini secara langsung atau tidak langsung yang dipengaruhi dalam model penelitian ini. Untuk itu perlu adanya peneliti lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 355, "width": 444, "height": 105, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Objek penelitian ini berfokus pada provinsi Kepulauan Riau, objek penelitian tersebut dipilih dikarenakan masyarakat Indonesia salah satunya pada Kepulauan Riau lebih cenderung suka menggunakan produk asing (Koran Sindo, 2014; Yulistara, 2018). penelitian ini dibuat untuk meneliti dan juga mengetahui mengapa orang-orang lebih tertarik dengan produk sneakers brand luar negeri dari pada brand lokal. Durasi penelitian ini adalah 7 bulan mulai dari bulan september sampai dengan bulan maret 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Kerangka Teori", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 443, "height": 143, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brand equity berpengaruh terhadap customer satisfaction dikarenakan kepuasan pelanggan dianggap saebagai salah satu strategi utama untuk meningkatkan loyalitas dan kemauan untuk membayar (Ahmad & Sherwani 2015; Torres & Tribó 2011) . Selanjutnya kepuasan pelanggan mempengaruhi loyalitas pelanggan, dimana pelayanan perusahaan yang memuaskan pelanggan menjadi bagian yang lebih penting dalam meningkatkan kesetiaan. Kualitas layanan yang tinggi adalah masalah yang paling penting dalam kepuasan pelanggan dalam hal memiliki dampak yang signifikan terhadap niat beli dan loyalitas Reza et al . (2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 444, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021) brand equity bersifat statistik dan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap customer loyalty . Untuk itu, kepentingan didasarkan pada kesadaran pelanggan akan suatu merek dan pembentuknya dalam suatu merek selama keberadaannya. Yang dimana suatu merek bisa memberikan penilaian tambahan yang signifikan apabila dikenalin dengan pantas ataupun mempunyai gabungan yang positif di benak pelanggan. Dari hasil data yang sudah diolah maka terdapat positif signifikan antara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 444, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "brand equity terhadap customer loyalty dan Brand equity berpengaruh langsung pada customer loyalty , yang dimana semakin bagus brand equity maka customer loyalty akan semakin meninggi (Ramadhan, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 146, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Brand equity menghasilkan akibat terhadap loyalitas pelanggan secara signifikan positif, dikarenakan pelanggan yang mengbuktikan perilaku positifnya dengan suatu merek dan memiliki keterikatan suatu merek tersendiri atau berencana untuk bergerak berbelanja memperlihatkan kepuasaan ataupun kesetiaan terhadap merek tertentu. Dari kepuasaan dan setiaan pelanggan terhadap merek bisa dibentuk loyalitas (Diansyah & Putera 2017). Disisi lain brand equity juga berpengaruh pada customer trust, dimana kesadaran konsumen atas suatu brand akan memberikan rasa yakin dan percaya terhadap brand tersebut (Ramadhan, 2020; Prasetya et al . 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 388, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H1: Brand equity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Satisfaction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 333, "width": 333, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H2: Brand equity berpengaruh langsung terhadap Customer Loyalty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 356, "width": 353, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H3 Brand equity berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Trust", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Customer trust berpengaruh terhadap customer loyalty , dikarenakan customer yang puas dan percaya tidak akan merubah aktivitas dan keputusan yang biasa dilakukan, dalam artian konsumen akan setia dan terbiasa dengan suatu brand . (Susilo 2018; Leninkumar 2017; Madjid 2013). Sikap perilaku pelanggan yang dapat menjadi indikator apakah variabel pengalaman merek dan kualitas pelayanan yang diperoleh pelanggan dapat tercapai sebanding dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan sebuah usaha. Ini akan mempengaruhi jangka Panjang perilaku konsumen yang paling menguntungkan bagi perusahaan yaitu loyalitas pelanggan (Cardoso et al., 2022; Supertini et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 541, "width": 412, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H4: Customer Satisfaction berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Loyalty H5: Customer Trust berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap Customer Loyalty", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 93, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.1 Brand Equity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 617, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021), ekuitas merek dianggap sebagai aset yang tidak dapat diraba yang bergantung pada hubungan yang dibuat oleh pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, Kepentingan didasarkan pada kesadaran pelanggan akan suatu merek dan pembentukannya dalam suatu merek selama keberadaannya. Dimana merek juga memberikan nilai tambah yang signifikan jika dikenal dan memiliki asosiasi positif di benak konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ramadhan (2020), Citra merek merujuk pada persepsi gabungan yang terbentuk di pikiran konsumen yang sering menggunakan merek tertentu. Konsep ini terkait", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan individualitas merek. Citra merek yang positif yang terbentuk oleh perusahaan tentang suatu produk mempengaruhi persepsi konsumen terhadap merek tersebut. Menurut Bambang & Heriyanto (2017), Brand equity merupakan dampak atau respon konsumen terhadap produk atau jasa bermerek tersebut. Ekuitas merek mencerminkan bagaimana konsumen dapat menentukan pilihan salah satu dari beberapa produk yang homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 216, "width": 141, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.2 Customer Satisfaction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Reza et al . (2021), Kepuasan pelanggan merupakan Secara keseluruhan, kepuasan pelanggan adalah penilaian yang dibuat pelanggan tentang pembelian mereka baru-baru ini dan penilaian emosional mereka terhadap suatu merek pada waktu tertentu. Pengukuran kepuasan membantu menilai pelanggan untuk menentukan apakah suatu produk atau layanan yang sudah memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Susilo (2018), Kepuasan pelanggan juga tergantung pada banyak aspek seperti fitur barang atau layanan, emosi pelnggan, atribut keberhasilan atau kegagalan pelayanan, aspek tentang keadilan dan serta pelanggan lain seperti anggota keluarga atau rekan kerja. kepuasan pelanggan juga dapat berdampak pada loyalitas pelanggan, pelayanan mereka yang memuaskan kepada pelanggan menjadi bagian yang lebih penting dalam meningkatkan loyalitas. Kepuasan konsumen dapat dilihat sebagai tercapainya tujuan konsumsi yang dialami konsumen, yang menunjukkan apakah layanan memenuhi permintaan dan harapan pelanggan atau tidak (Jung et al . 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.3 Customer Trust", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 444, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Ramadhan (2020), bahwa komponen trust terhadap sebuah merek yaitu kategori penting pada penghasilan kesetiaan, dikarenakan ketersediaan pelanggan akan mengakui maupun mempercayakan perlayanan didalam situasi resiko, dengan adanya ekspektasi bahwa perlayanan yang disangkutkan bisa membagikan dampak positif. Kepercayaan berupa ekspektasi atau pengharapan positif mengenai seseorang tidak bisa berlaku secara menerus, baik secara percakapan, perilaku, ataupun kebijakan. Menurut Susanto & Heriyanto (2019) adalah rasa percaya diri konsumen terhadap sifat psikologis suatu produk atau jasa, baik dari segi manfaat fisiknya maupun manfaat yang diciptakannya, termasuk janji perusahaan terhadap produk tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 443, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Marakanon & Panjakajornsak (2017), Pengembangan kepercayaan lebih cocok untuk perdagangan ketika mempertimbangkan pasar bisnis-ke-konsumen. Pelanggan mempercayai organisasi yang lebih bereputasi tinggi, dan pemasaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "organisasi perlu lebih menekankan pada korespondensi kekhasan organisasi daripada fitur produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 117, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2.4 Customer Loyalty", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 159, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas merupakan harapan dan keinginan kuat dari pelanggan untuk terus konsisten membeli ataupun menggunakan sebuah produk maupun layanan yang disukai (Jung et al . 2020). Loyalitas juga mencerminkan ketika pelanggan menolak tekanan untuk beralih ke merek yang lain. Hasil dari loyalitas ini adalah adanya pembelian secara teratur atau pembelian ulang, yaitu ketika konsumen terus menggunakan produk atau layanan tertentu atau mengonsumsi produk atau layanan yang sama berulang kali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 273, "width": 443, "height": 162, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Bambang & Heriyanto (2017), loyalitas pelanggan bisa mengartikan dengan sesuatu setiaan. Kesetiaan bisa diperoleh tanpa adanya pemaksaan, melainkan muncul dari pemahaman seseorang pada masa lalu. bisnis dijalankan agar terciptanya kepuasan pelanggan mengarah berpengaruh sikap pelanggan. mereka yang puas dengan barang ataupun perlayanan hingga memiiki daya hidup untuk memperkenalkan terhadap siapa saja yang mereka kenalkan. Menurut Susanto & Heriyanto (2019) loyalitas pelanggan didefinisikan sebagai kebiasaan wajib bagi pelanggan untuk repurchase produk atau layanan kesukaan secara continue diwaktu selanjutnya, terlepas dari bagaimana upaya pemasaran dan pengaruh dapat menghasilkan perubahan perilaku.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 444, "height": 105, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis peneliti ini yang digunakan adalah peneliti kasual komparatif ( casual comparative ) dimana jenis peneliti ini mengandung tolak ukur sebab akibat. Tujuannya adalah untuk menguji pengaruh brand equity , brand image , customer satisfaction , customer trust terhadap customer loyalty oleh masyarakat di provinsi kepulauan riau. Penelitian ini dapat dikaitkan oleh peneliti dengan tujuan untuk menambahkan materi yang sebelumnya sudah ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Objek penelitian ini berfokus pada provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Penelitian ini dilakukan kepada 452 responden yang pernah melakukan pembelian produk sneakers brand luar negeri dan brand lokal. peneliti ini dibuat untuk meneliti dan juga mengetahui mengapa orang-orang lebih tertarik dengan produk sneakers brand luar negeri dari pada brand lokal. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 7 bulan mulai dari bulan september sampai dengan bulan maret 2021. Tujuan dalam memilih lokasi penelitian dikarenakan peneliti ingin mencari tahu mengapa orang-orang di provinsi kepulauan Riau lebih tertarik dengan brand luar daripada brand lokal. Dalam penelitian ini, distribusi kuesioner dilakukan melalui platform media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sosial antaralain G-Form, WA, Ig, Line dan Fb. PLS digunakan dalam penelitian untuk menguji lima hipotesis yang diajukan. Sampel penelitian mencakup semua orang di Provinsi Kepulauan Riau yang pernah membeli produk sepatu dari merek internasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 146, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sekaran & Bougie (2016), proses memilih individu, objek, atau peristiwa yang tepat dengan perwakilan untuk semua populasi yang dikenal sebagai sampling. Alasan untuk menggunakan sampel, pada akumulasi data dari semua populasi, sudah jelas. Didalam observasi penenlitian yang melibatkan beberapa ratus dan hingga ribuan elemen, itu akan praktis dan tidak mungkin mengumpulkan data, menguji atau memeriksa dari setiap elemen. Alamsyah et al . (2005) menyatakan bahwa sehubungan objek penelitian cukup luas, maka ukuran sampel dalam peneltian ini ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode iteratif yang dikemukan oleh machin dan campbell dengan rumus sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 260, "top": 313, "width": 120, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "n = (Z1 − + Z 1 − β ) 2 (U  ) 2 + 3", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 444, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diketahui sampel penelitian berjumlah 400 orang, sedangkan data valid yang terkumpul dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 452 orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 412, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Hasil Penelitian Dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 232, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.1 Analisis Demografi Statistik Responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 450, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data yang telah dikumpulkan dari bulan februari dengan menggunakan google form kepada orang yang berada di provinsi kepulauan riau yang pernah melakukan pembelian produk sneakers brand luar negeri dan brand lokal. Data yang dapat disebarkan untuk responden berjumlah 452 data, yang dimana dari data yang tidak valid berjumlah 28 data. Sehingga dari total data yang sudah diseleksi hingga berjumlah 424 data responden yang akan digunakan untuk mengolah data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 564, "width": 444, "height": 162, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Total responden laki-laki adalah 87 (80.8%), sedangkan responden perempuan berjumlah 365 (19.2%). Selanjutnya, responden usia 18 - 25 tahun berjumlah 429 (94.9%), sementara responden usia 26 - 30 tahun hanya 18 (4%), dan usia 31 - 40 tahun sebanyak 5 (1.1%). Data tersebut memiliki arti bahwa konsumen dengan minat beli tinggi mayoritas berjenis kelamin wanita dan berada pada usia remaja. Selanjutnya responden yang berasal dari Kota Batam sebanyak 275 (60.8%), sedangkan untuk yang berasal dari Kota Tanjung Pinang sebanyak 126 (27.9%) dan reponden yang berasal dari Kota Tanjung Balai Karimun sebanyak 23 (5.1%) dan responden yang berasal dari luar Kepulauan Riau sebanyak 28 /tidak sesuai kriteria (7.1%).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 735, "width": 444, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Responden dengan pendidikan terakhir SMA / SMK berjumlah 300 (66.4%), dan untuk responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S1 berjumlah 143 (31.6%) dan untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 71, "width": 443, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S2 berjumlah 8 (1.8%) sedangkan untuk responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S3 berjumlah 1 (0.2%). Dari penyebaran kuesioner ini bisa melihat bahwa responden dengan berpendidikan terakhir SMA / SMK lebih mendominan daripada responden yang berpendidikan terakhir S1, S2 dan S3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 147, "width": 443, "height": 238, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah responden dengan pengeluaran kurang dari Rp 1.000.000 per bulan adalah 254 (56.2%), sementara responden dengan pengeluaran antara Rp 2.000.000 - Rp 3.000.000 per bulan berjumlah 147 (32.5%). Adapun responden dengan pengeluaran antara Rp 4.000.000 - Rp 5.000.000 per bulan sebanyak 25 (5.5%), dan responden dengan pengeluaran lebih dari Rp 5.000.000 per bulan berjumlah 26 (5.8%). Dari sebaran data ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa responden usia remaja yang berpenghasilan rendah memiliki tingkat impulsifitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan usia dewasa dan penghasilan yang lebih tinggi. Selanjutnya responden yang menggunakan atau mendatangi ke merek produk yang sama dalam 1 bulan < 2 kali sebanyak 283 (62.6%), dan untuk yang 3 - 5 kali sebanyak 150 (33.2%) dan untuk 5 -10 kali sebanyak 13 kali (2.9%) sedangkan untuk > 10 kali sebanyak 6 (1.3%). Dari data kunjungan tersebut dapat di simpulkan bahwa responden memiliki tingkat kesetiaan pada suatu merek masih sedikit, dan mayoritas hanya sebatas 1-2 kali kunjungan perbulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.2 Uji Outer Model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 426, "width": 444, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Trenggonowati & Kulsum (2018), validitas data digunakan sebagai pengukuran kesamaan antara indikator hasil pengukuran variabel ataupun konsepsi filosofi yang memberitahukan keberadaan indikator melalui uji variabel tersebut. validitas data yang berkaitan dengan prinsip bahwa indikator dari suatu konstruk yang harusnya berkolerasi besar. Uji validitas data bisa pertimbangkan dalam dua tahapan yaitu dengan cara outer loadings dan average variance extracted (AVE).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 540, "width": 243, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Uji AVE (Average Variance Extracted)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 566, "width": 393, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan AVE Keterangan Brand Equity 0,722 Valid Customer Loyalty 0,772 Valid Customer Satisfaction 0,693 Valid Customer Trust 0,823 Valid Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 656, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel 1 membuktikan bahwa semua pernyataan variabel sudah memenuhi nilai ketentuannya yaitu > 0,5 maka dari itu bisa dikatakan valid semua. Dan untuk tahapan uji AVE ( average variance extracted ) ini dinyatakan lolos.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.3 Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hair et al . (2018), menyatakan bahwa pengujian reliabilitas bertujuan untuk menunjukkan stabilitas dan ketepatan instrumen dalam mengukur konstruk. Pengujian reliabilitas dilakukan melalui dua metode, yaitu cronbach’s alpha dan composite reliability. Konstruk yang memiliki nilai cronbach’s alpha dan composite reliability lebih besar dari 0.6 dianggap reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 422, "height": 132, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Cronbach’s Alpha Dan Composite Reliability Pernyataan Cronbach’s Alpha Composite Reliability Keterangan Brand Equity 0,863 0,910 Reliabel Customer Loyalty 0,853 0,910 Reliabel Customer Satisfaction 0,778 0,871 Reliabel Customer Trust 0,893 0,933 Reliabel Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 443, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel 2 membuktikan bahwa semua pernyataan variabel sudah memenuhi nilai ketentuannya yaitu > 0,6 maka dari itu bisa dikatakan reliabel semua. Dan untuk tahapan uji cronbach’s alpha ini dinyatakan lolos Sedangkan composite reliability membuktikan bahwa semua pernyataan variabel sudah memenuhi nilai ketentuannya yaitu > 0,6 maka dari itu bisa dikatakan reliabel semua. Dan untuk tahapan uji composite reliability ini dinyatakan lolos.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 473, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.4 Uji Inner model", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 492, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Hair et al . (2018), model yang digunakan dalam menguji hubungan antar variabel secara langsung ataupun secara tidak langsung. Variabel yang dinyatakana berpengaruh signifikan ketika nilai P values < 0,05 sedangkan pada kolom sample mean merupakan nilai-nilai yang menunjukkan arah dan besarnya penagruh masing-masing variabel laten satu dengan variabel lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 586, "width": 258, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Hasil Uji Direct Effect (Path Coefficients)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 611, "width": 377, "height": 88, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Sample Mean P Values Hipotesis BE -> CL 0,650 0,000 Diterima BE -> CS 0,799 0,000 Diterima BE -> CT 0,756 0,000 Diterima CS -> CL 0,029 0,809 Ditolak CT -> CL 0,244 0,027 Diterima Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 715, "width": 444, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Hair et al . (2018) dan Rakhmawati et al., (2019), indirect effect menunjukkan pengaruh tidak langsung antar variabel, variabel yang dinyatakan berpengaruh signifikan ketika p values < 0,05 sedangkan pada kolom sample mean", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "merupakan nilai-nilai yang menunjukkan arah dan besarnya pengaruh masing-masing variabel laten satu dengan variabel lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 137, "width": 391, "height": 60, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Indirect Effect Variabel Sample Mean P Values Kesimpulan BE -> CS -> CL 0,071 0,067 Tidak Signifikan BE -> CT -> CL 0,163 0,000 Signifikan Positif", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 222, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.5 Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R Squared)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 246, "width": 443, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah menguji direct dan indirect effect juga perlu memperhatikan kekuatan prediksi dari model struktual. Variabel dinyatakan strong ketika nilai R squared adjusted > 0,50 yang menunjukkan hasil prediksi pada kategori strong (Hair et al ., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 312, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi (R Squared)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 326, "width": 406, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel R Squared Adjusted Kesimpulan Customer Loyalty 0,609 Strong Customer Satisfaction 0,452 Weak Customer Trust 0,456 Weak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 385, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data primer diolah (2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 419, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6 Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 425, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.1 Brand equity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer satisfaction", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 444, "height": 142, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa brand equity berpengaruh pada customer satisfaction yang ditunjukkan oleh nilai rerata sampel sebesar 0,684 dan nilai P sebesar 0,000. Artinya brand equity 68,4% dipengaruhi oleh kepuasan pelanggan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat di kepulauan Riau sangat merasa puas dengan ekuitas brand sneaker dari luar negeri, hal ini ditampakkan dengan melakukan pembelian, pemakaian dan pemberian ulasan positif dan pemberian rekomendasi pada lingkungan/ teman. Hasil yang sama juga ditemukan pada penelitian Torres & Tribó (2011) dan (Ahmad & Sherwani, 2015) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 401, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.2 Brand equity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 444, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,605 dan P values 0,000. Artinya kesadaran merek yang di miliki pelanggan akibat dari effort perusahaan asing atas produk sneaker nya membuat pelanggan setia dan menggunakan produknya secara terus menerus. Hal ini juga dikarenakan upaya branding produk-produk sneaker dari luar negeri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "selalu kontinyu dalam melakukan upaya branding , sehingga hal tersebut menanamkan ingatan di benak konsumen tentang kehandalan produk dan rasa yakin serta menanamkan perilaku kebiasaan dalam menentukan kebiasaan. Adapun hasil ini didukung oleh preview research Ayesh & Al-Zyoud (2021), Ramadhan (2020), Diansyah & Putera (2017), (Bambang & Heriyanto, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 395, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.3 Brand equity memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer Trust", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 219, "width": 444, "height": 124, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,676 dan P values 0,000, pengaruh positif signifikan ini ditemukan dengan penjelasan bahwa brand equity mencerminkan persepsi dan penilaian positif konsumen terhadap suatu merek. Ketika sebuah merek sneaker memiliki ekuitas yang kuat, itu berarti merek tersebut telah berhasil membangun reputasi yang baik, menghadirkan nilai yang diakui, dan menciptakan hubungan emosional dengan pelanggannya. Hasil ini sesuai dengan observasi yang dilakukan oleh Ramadhan (2020) dan (Prasetya et al ., 2014) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 365, "width": 440, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.4 Customer satisfaction tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap customer loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 444, "height": 181, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,028 dan P values 0,740 artinya tingkat kepuasan pelanggan dapat bervariasi dari satu pelanggan ke pelanggan lainnya. Beberapa pelanggan mungkin puas dengan pelayanan atau produk sneaker yang mereka terima, tetapi hal ini tidak selalu berarti mereka akan menjadi pelanggan yang setia. Faktor-faktor lain seperti preferensi merek, harga, atau promosi juga dapat mempengaruhi keputusan mereka untuk tetap setia atau beralih ke merek sneaker lain (Rohmah & Arieba, 2019; Fatimah, 2014; Sinollah, 2022; Wusko, 2015) . Dalam kata lain kepuasan saja tidak menunjukkan loyalitas pelanggan, karena mungkin tidak cukup untuk mengungkapkan bagaimana rentan perusahaan terhadap perilaku pelanggan. Adapun penelitian terdahulu yang sesuai antaralain; Ganiyu (2017) dan (Minarti & Segoro, 2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 412, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.5 Customer trust memiliki pengaruh signifikan positif terhadap customer loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 612, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh langsung yang ditemukan adalah sebesar 0,222 dan P values 0,007 artinya sebesar 22% customer trust berperan sebagai fondasi dalam membangun hubungan yang berkelanjutan dengan pelanggan. Tingkat kepercayaan yang tinggi menciptakan rasa puas emosional dan psikologis, yang pada gilirannya membentuk loyalitas dan komitmen jangka panjang dari pelanggan terhadap merek sneaker. Dengan adanya dukungan dan loyalitas ini, merek sneaker asing memiliki kesempatan yang lebih besar untuk mempertahankan pelanggan, meningkatkan nilai pelanggan, dan mencapai keberhasilan jangka panjang dalam pasar yang kompetitif. Hasil ini sesuai dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 442, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "observasi yang dilakukan oleh Jung et al . (2020), Ramadhan (2020), Susanto & Heriyanto (2019), Leninkumar (2017) dan (Madjid, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 186, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4.6.6 Hasil pengaruh tidak langsung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 165, "width": 444, "height": 276, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terdapat dua Temuan hubungan tidak langsung. Pertama, brand equity terhadap customer loyalty melalui customer satifaction, ditemukan pengaruh tidak signifikan ini dikarenakan brand equity melibatkan banyak aspek lain selain kepuasan pelanggan, seperti reputasi merek. Alasan selanjutnya hubungan tidak signifikan ini adalah brand equity mempengaruhi loyalitas walaupun tidak ada kepuasan dari konsumen, hal ini dapat dikarenakan faktor lain seperti keterikatan emosional terhadap merek sneakers tertentu, pengalaman dan ingatan responden atas penggunaan suatu produk tertentu (Rohmah & Arieba, 2019; Fatimah, 2014; Sinollah, 2022; Wusko, 2015). Selanjutnya hasil yang tidak signifikan ini dikarenakan ada variabel mediasi lain yang lebih dominan dalam mempengaruhi hubungan antara customer satisfaction dan customer loyalty yakni customer trust kepercayaan konsumen berfungsi sebagai jembatan penting dalam membentuk hubungan antara brand equity dan loyalitas. Kepercayaan menciptakan landasan yang kuat untuk membangun loyalitas konsumen, membantu merek mencapai retensi pelanggan yang lebih baik, dan mempertahankan posisi yang kuat di pasar yang kompetitif (Hamid et al., 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 136, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Kesimpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 444, "height": 143, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kecenderungan sifat konsumerisme terhadap produk sneaker asing ditunjukkan dengan tingkat kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan pada brand asing, akibat dari tingginya konsistensi dan upaya branding sneaker dari luar negeri, namun ditemukan bahwa pelanggan yang tertarik dan puas dalam melakukan pembelian sneaker asing tidak loyal terhadap satu merek saja diakibatkan beberapa kemungkinan pertimbangan yang tidak tercantum dalam penelitian ini seperti harga, kualitas, pelayanan maupun promosi, dimana faktor kemungkinan-kemungkinan tersebut akan sangat baik dan disarankan untuk dilakukan penelitian selanjutnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 444, "height": 104, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun saran yang bisa diberikan agar pengusaha lokal lebih memperhatikan kebutuhan pelanggan dan memastikan produk tersebut aman dan memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan, seperti menyediakan merek produk yang berbeda maka dari itu konsumen dapat menentukan produk yang mereka inginkan, dan meningkatkan kapanilitas layanan untuk mencapai kepuasan pelanggan, sehingga menciptakan kepuasan pelanggan hal ini dapat menimbulkan suatu kepercayaan terhadap merek dibenak pelanggan. Perusahaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 250, "height": 26, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Sketsa Bisnis, Vol. 10, No.01, July, 2023, pp 30-44 https://doi.org/ 10.35891/ jsb.v10i1.3433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 39, "width": 87, "height": 27, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P-ISSN: 2356-3672 E-ISSN: 2460- 0989", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 443, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sneaker lokal juga bisa lebih meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan mereka supaya pelanggan tetap setia terus dengan meningkatkan strategi manajemen perusahaan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 444, "height": 86, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan untuk sampel penelitian bukan hanya pada orang-orang yang berada di provinsi kepulauan riau akan tetapi juga yang berada diluar kepulauan riau untuk menyempurnakan penelitian ini dengan komperhensif. Dan untuk variabel independent lainnya disarankan untuk mencoba menguji variabel lainnya yang mungkin berpengaruhi secara signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdul Hamid, Mokhammad Natsir, & Harianto Respati. (2022). Pengaruh Customer Trust dan Customer Satisfaction Terhadap Brand Loyalty Melalui E-WOM. SKETSA BISNIS , 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.35891/jsb.v9i1.2800", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad, F., & Sherwani, N. U. K. (2015). An Empirical Study on the effect of Brand Equity of Mobile Phones on Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Marketing Studies , 7 (2), 59 –69. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v7n2p59", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 356, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alamsyah, F., Oktini, D. R., & Muchlis, R. D. (2005). Pengaruh Karakteristik Konsumen Dan Penjual Serta Unsur Produk Terhadap Tingkat Konsumen Teh (Kasus pada Konsumen Rumah Tangga di Daerah Pemasaran Kota Bandung) . XXI (3), 311 –341.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 404, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ayesh, L., & Al-Zyoud, M. F. (2021). The Influence of Brand Equity on Customer Loyalty in Starbucks Chain in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Social Science , 12 (2), 56 –69. https://doi.org/10.30845/ijbss.v12n2p5", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 452, "width": 443, "height": 47, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bambang, A., & Heriyanto, M. (2017). Pengaruh brand equity dan brand trust terhadap loyalitas konsumen mpbil merek toyota kijang innova (survey konsumen pada dealer pt. agung automall cabang sutomo pekanbaru). Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling , 4 (2), 1 –11.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 512, "width": 443, "height": 48, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cardoso, A., Gabriel, M., Figueiredo, J., Oliveira, I., Rêgo, R., Silva, R., Oliveira, M., & Meirinhos, G. (2022). Trust and Loyalty in Building the Brand Relationship with the Customer: Empirical Analysis in a Retail Chain in Northern Brazil. Journal of Open Innovation:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 196, "top": 550, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Technology,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 550, "width": 418, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Market, and Complexity , 8 (3). https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8030109", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 443, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diansyah, D., & Putera, R. M. (2017). Pengaruh Ekuitas Merek Dan Promosi Penjualan Terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan Dimediasi Keputusan Pembelian. Media Ekonomi Dan Manajemen , 32 (2), 97 –109. https://doi.org/10.24856/mem.v32i2.538", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 443, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fatihatur Rohmah, & Intan Zulfa Arieba. (2019). Pengaruh Relational Benefits Terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Nasabah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 646, "width": 420, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SKETSA BISNIS , 5 (2). https://doi.org/10.35891/jsb.v5i2.1585", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 443, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fatimah, S. (2014). Pengaruh Kesadaran Merek, Persepsi Kualitas, Asosiasi Merek, Dan Loyalitas Merek Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pelembab Wardah Pada Konsumen Al Yasini Mart Wonorejo. SKETSA BISNIS , 1 (2). https://doi.org/10.35891/jsb.v1i2.75", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 729, "width": 444, "height": 35, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ganiyu, R. A. (2017). Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty: a Study of Interrelationships and Effects in Nigerian Domestic Airline Industry. 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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences , 143 , 1015 –1019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.07.546", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 443, "height": 35, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Prasetya, C. H. A., Kumadji, S., & Yulianto, E. (2014). Survei pada Pembeli Sepeda Motor Honda Vario pada PT Sumber Purnama Sakti di Kabupaten Gresik ). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis , 15 (2), 1 –6.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 526, "width": 444, "height": 35, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rakhmawati, A., Rahardjo, K., & Kusumawati, A. (2019). Faktor Anteseden dan Konsekuensi Green Supply Chain Management. JURNAL SISTEM INFORMASI BISNIS , 9 (1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21456/vol9iss1pp1-8", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 574, "width": 444, "height": 35, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ramadhan, M. A. F. (2020). 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890117e8-4342-4391-ca05-d9d7ab7b4d2b

https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/biodik/article/download/11267/10753

[ { "left": 193, "top": 50, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 190, "top": 64, "width": 244, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN 2580-0922 ( online ), ISSN 2460-2612 ( print ) Volume 7, Nomor 01, Tahun 2021, Hal. 53-61 Available online at: https://online-journal.unja.ac.id/biodik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 340, "top": 792, "width": 199, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ": https://doi.org. 10.22437/bio.v7i01.11267.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 145, "width": 75, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research Article", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 158, "top": 165, "width": 313, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan Komik Biologi Pada Materi Pteridophyta", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 263, "top": 181, "width": 100, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk Siswa SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 213, "width": 409, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Development of Biological Comics on Pteridophyta Material for High School Students)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 241, "width": 381, "height": 107, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena, Revis Asra, Bambang Hariyadi Program Magister Pendidikan IPA Universitas Jambi Jl. Raden Mattaher No.21, Ps. Jambi, Kota Jambi, Jambi 36133, Indonesia Corresponding Authors : [email protected] Informasi Artikel ABSTRACT Submit: 29 – 12 – 2020 Diterima: 27 – 02 – 2021 Dipublikasikan: 14 – 03 – 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 318, "width": 450, "height": 328, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is the background of the problems that occur in school, namely, lack of interest in reading in students, students tend to choose subjects they like and student learning outcomes are still low seen from their KKM scores. The research objective was to develop comics on Pteridophyta material for class X SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. The research method uses development research with the ADDIE model. The stages include Analysis, Disgn, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. Products in the form of comics are needed to attract students' interest in reading. Products are validated by media experts and material experts. Validation by material experts was carried out 3 (three) times, with a final percentage of 80% meaning that the comic was in the valid category with a reasonable conclusion to be produced with revisions according to the suggestions. Meanwhile, the validation by media experts was carried out 2 (two) times by obtaining a percentage of 88%, meaning that the comic was in the very valid category with the conclusion that it was feasible to be produced with revisions according to the suggestions. The comic on Pteridophyta material for high school class X students obtained practical feasibility in the very good category. Practical feasibility was obtained from teachers and students in group trials. Eligibility of the teacher with a percentage of 88.24%, small group trials with a percentage of 85.33%, trials of two large groups with a percentage of 84.67% and 84.08% respectively. From the two large group trials, an agreement was obtained that strong and significant enough regarding the feasibility of comics on Pteridophyta material for class X high school students. Thus, the development carried out on products in the form of comics on Pteridophyta material can be produced and used in Biology learning in class X. Keywords: Development, Comic, Pteridophyta Penerbit ABSTRAK Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Jambi Penelitian ini melatar belakangi masalah yang terjadi disekolah diantaranya yaitu,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 225, "top": 617, "width": 316, "height": 160, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kurangnya minat baca pada siswa, siswa cenderung memilih mata pelajaran yang disukai dan hasil belajaar siswa yang masih rendah dilihat dari nilai KKM-nya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengembangkan komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh. Metode penelitian menggunakan penelitian pengembangan dengan model ADDIE. Tahapan meliputi Analys, Disgn, Development, Implementation dan Evaluation. Produk berupa komik dibutuhkan untuk menarik minat baca siswa. Produk di validasi oleh ahli media dan ahli materi. Validasi oleh ahli materi dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali, dengan memperoleh persentase akhir 80% artinya komik berada dalam kategori valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Sedangkan validasi oleh ahli media dilakukan 2 (dua) kali dengan memperoleh persentase 88%, artinya komik berada dalam kategori sangat valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X memperoleh kelayakan secara praktis dengan kategori", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 225, "top": 70, "width": 315, "height": 103, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sangat baik. Kelayakan praktis diperoleh dari guru dan siswa pada uji coba kelompok. Kelayakan dari guru dengan persentase sebesar 88,24%, ujicoba kelompok kecil dengan persentase 85,33%, uji coba dua kelompok besar dengan masing-masing persentase 84,67% dan 84,08%.Dari uji coba dua kelompok besar didapat kesepakatan yang cukup kuat dan signifikan mengenai kelayakan komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X. Dengan demikian, pengembangan yang dilakukan pada produk berupa komik pada materi Pteridophyta dapat diproduksi dan digunakan dalam pembelajaran Biologi pada kelas X. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, Komik, Pteridophyta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 457, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This BIODIK : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi is licensed under a CC BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 79, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 267, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran Biologi merupakan salah satu bagian dari pembelajaran sains yang dipelajari mulai dari jenjang Sekolah Dasar sampai perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Pada jenjang SMA pembelajaran Biologi bertujuan untuk menumbuh kembangkan sikap ilmiah, membentuk sikap positif terhadap objek ciptaan Tuhan dan menumbuh kembangkan sikap analisis terhadap alam semesta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 322, "width": 456, "height": 42, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Biologi merupakan ilmu pengetahuan yang membahas berbagai macam kehidupan di alam. Kegiatan belajar dan mengajar ilmu Biologi dapat memberikan pengalaman belajar yang baik dan bermakna bagi peserta didik untuk tiap sub pokok bahasan materi Biologi yang akan diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 364, "width": 456, "height": 138, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada mata pelajaran Biologi terdapat beberapa materi dan berbagai pokok bahasan dan sub pokok bahasan. Salah satu dari materi Biologi yaitu Tumbuhan ( Plantae ). Tumbuhan ( Plantae ) merupakan pelajaran Biologi di kelas X Sekolah SMA semester genap (semester II). Tumbuhan adalah suatu organisme yang memanfaatkan cahaya matahari sebagai sumber energi dan menggunakannya untuk menghasilkan makanan yang dibutuhkan untuk tumbuh dan bertahan hidup. Sel-sel tumbuhan memiliki dinding luar yang kuat dan tersusun oleh suatu senyawa, yaitu selulose yang menjadikannya dinding-dinding itu padat. Tumbuhan berkembang biak dengan cara menurunkan pesan genetiknya pada semua keturunan yang bentuknya menyerupai mereka. Ada sekitar 275.000 sampai 300.000 spesies tumbuhan spesies-spesies baru terus ditemukan, terutama di wilayah-wilayah tropis dunia yang belum pernah dijelajahi (Safitri, 2016: 177-179).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ilmu tumbuhan pada masa sekarang telah mengalami kemajuan, hingga bidang-bidang pengetahuan yang semula hanya merupakan cabang-cabang ilmu tumbuhan saja, sekarang ini telah menjadi ilmu yang berdiri sendiri, seperti Morfologi Tumbuhan dan Taksonomi Tumbuhan. Tumbuhan mempunyai fungsi yang sangat utama bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Tumbuhan merupakan produsen bagi kehidupan, penghasil makanan dan oksigen bagi lingkungan. Jika dunia hijau karena tumbuhan, maka selamatlah lingkungan dari kerusakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 457, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada materi tumbuhan dibagi menjadi 3, yaitu tumbuhan lumut ( Bryophyta ), tumbuhan paku ( Pteridophyta ) dan tumbuhan biji ( Spermatophyta ). Tumbuhan paku merupakan sekelompok tumbuhan dengan sistem pembuluh sejati, tapi tidak pernah menghasilkan biji. Materi tumbuhan paku ( Pteridophyta ) menjadi penting dan perlu disampaikan kepada siswa. Tumbuhan paku ini merupakan suatu devisi yang warganya telah jelas mempunyai kormus, artinya tubuhnya dengan nyata dapat dibedakan dalam tiga bagian pokok, yaitu akar, batang dan daun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui dunia pendidikan, diharapkan siswa dapat mengubah pola pikir dan perilaku terhadap tumbuh-tumbuhan. Misalnya sebagai siswa, mereka seharusnya tahu manfaat tumbuhan bagi kehidupan manusia. Dengan pengetahuan tersebut, siswa tidak akan menyia-nyiakan tumbuh- tumbuhan, seperti menebang pohon di hutan, membakar hutan, dan lain sebagainya. Siswa akan lebih menjaga kelestarian tumbuhan. Menanam pohon adalah bentuk pedauli terhadap tumbuh-tumbuhan. Karena tidak ada satupun makhluk ciptaan tuhan yang tidak ada manfaatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 456, "height": 96, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena tumbuhan sangat berperan penting bagi kehidupan manusia, terlebih tumbuhan paku, maka ada baiknya siswa juga perlu mengetahui manfaat dari tumbuhan paku, baik bagi kehidupan manusia, maupun bagi alam sekitar. Tumbuhan paku ( Pteridophyta ) selain bermanfaat sebagai bahan makanan, juga bermanfaat untuk tanaman hias, obat-obatan serta sebagai pupuk hijau. Banyak sekali manfaat dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, terutama tumbuhan paku. Namun terkadang siswa tidak mengetahuinya dikarenakan mereka kurang membaca. Sehingga hal itulah yang menyebabkan hasil belajar siswa tidak sesuai dengan apa yang mereka harapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 456, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar siswa tertarik untuk membaca buku pelajaran, maka ada baiknya buku pelajaran tersebut dikembangkan. Salah satu bentuk media pelajaran yang menarik minat baca siswa adalah komik. Untuk mengetahui keseriusan siswa dalam membaca serta mempelajari bahasan buku pelajaran yang berbentuk komik, maka diberikan angket analisis kebutuhan siswa kepada dua kelas sejumlah lebih dari 60 angket. 85% siswa menjawab beberapa pertanyaan bahwa mereka mau membaca buku biologi yang berbentuk komik dengan pokok bahasan tumbuhan paku, serta mereka merasa perlu media/tambahan buku penunjang biologi yang berbentuk komik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 456, "height": 179, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian penggunaan komik di dalam dunia pendidikan sebelumnya telah dilakukan oleh beberapa peneliti. Diantaranya penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Akbar (2015:750-754), yang menyatakan bahwa penggunaan media komik dapat menarik perhatian siswa, sehingga dapat menumbuhkan minat belajar siswa. Selanjutnya penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Wahyuningsih (2011:102-110), di dalam penelitiannya menjelaskan ada 3 manfaat dari penggunaan media komik. (1) media komik dapat membantu siswa dari kesulitan dalam mempelajari materi sistem saraf manusia yang banyak memiliki istilah-istilah ilmiah atau bahasa ilmiah. (2) komik dapat membuat siswa merasa tertarik dan berminat untuk membaca materi sistem saraf manusia, dan (3) penggunaan media komik mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa. Selanjutnya dalam penelitian Novianti dan Syaichudin (2010:74-85), ditemukan bahwa media komik dalam pembelajaran dapat meningkatkan pemahaman siswa. Kemudian, Handayani (2010:482-490) mengungkapkan bahwa komik sebagai media dalam pe/mberian informasi dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan sikap siswa. Dimana dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan sebesar tiga kali dan sikap sebesar empat kali dibanding dengan media grafis lainnya (leaflet)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 442, "width": 456, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian di atas merupakan penelitian mengenai penggunaan media komik dalam pembelajaran ataupun sebagai media untuk menyampaikan informasi. Akan tetapi, sejauh ini belum dikembangkan komik yang berisi materi Pteridophyta . Pengembangan media komik pada materi Pteridophyta dilakukan karena kurangnya pengetahuan siswa mengenai ciri-ciri dan manfaat tumbuhan paku. Melalui materi Pteridophyta yang disajikan melalui komik, dimana penyajian komik dilengkapi dengan gambar atau ilustrasi, alur cerita serta penggunaan bahasa yang singkat dan jelas. Komik merupakan cerita bergambar ataupun ilustrasi yang dapat membuat siswa mengetahui alur cerita ataupun arah cerita yang disampaikan. Dimana dalam komik tersebut yang menjadi tokoh utamanya adalah tumbuhan paku itu sendiri. Penggunaan bahasa dalam komik sangat singkat, jelas dan menarik perhatian dan minat baca siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 109, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 609, "width": 457, "height": 138, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan atau disebut dengan Research and Development (R & D). Menurut Goll, Gall dan Borg, Research and Development (R & D) dalam pendidikan adalah sebuah model pengembangan dimana temuan penelitian digunakan untuk merancang produk dan prosedur baru, yang kemudian secara sistematis diuji di lapangan, dievaluasi dan disempurnakan hingga produk memenuhi kriteria tertentu, yaitu efektivitas dan berkualitas (Putra, 2013:84). Penelitian ini mengembangkan suatu media berupa Komik sebagai media pembelajaran biologi, pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa kelas X SMA. Dalam proses pengembangan komik tersebut, menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Model ADDIE terdiri dari 5 tahapan kegiatan, yaitu Analysis (Analisis), Design (Rekabentuk), Development (Pembangunan), Implementation (Pelaksanaan), Evaluation (Penilaian). Yang menjadi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 170, "top": 119, "width": 217, "height": 88, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revision Revision Revision Revision", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 456, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dasar pertimbangan untuk pemilihan model ADDIE adalah karena sederhana dan bersifat sistematis. Adapun tahapan dari model ADDIE dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 323, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Model pengembangan ADDIE oleh Reiser & Dempsey Sumber:(Barokati & Anas, 2013:355)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 276, "width": 464, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini, instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket, wawancara dan observasi. Menurut Sugiyono (2014), “Angket merupakan teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya”. Angket merupakan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara memberi seperangkat pertanyaan atau penyataan tertulis kepada responden untuk dijawabnya (Sugiyono, 2012:142). Angket awal diberikan kepada guru Biologi dan siswa SMAN 2 Kota Sungai Penuh kelas X. Angket awal bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi dan masalah-masalah dilapangan sehingga perlu dilakukannya suatu pengembangan media komik pada materi Ptetridophyta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 386, "width": 456, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Angket awal guru terdiri dari 11 pertanyaan dengan bentuk esai. Sedangkan ada 2 angket awal siswa yang masing-masing terdiri dari 16 butir pertanyaan dengan skala Guttman. Skala Guttman merupakan skala yang menggunakan dua jawaban secara tegas dan konsisten, seperti: ya-tidak, benar-salah, pernah-tidak pernah, senang-tidak senang dan sebagainya (Iskandar, 2008:83). Angket validasi ahli menggunakan skala Likert. Skala Likert digunakan untuk mengukur sikap, pendapat, dan persepsi seseorang atau sekelompok orang tentang fenomena sosial. Dalam penelitian, fenomenan sosial ini telah ditetapkan secara spesifik oleh peneliti, yang selanjutnya disebut sebagai variabel penelitian. Dengan skala Likert, maka variabel yang akan diukur dijabarkan menjadi indikator variabel. Kemudian indikator tersebut dijadikan sebagai titik tolak untuk menyusun item-item instrumen yang dapat berupa pernyataan atau pertanyaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 524, "width": 459, "height": 111, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala Likert menggunakan beberapa item pertanyaan untuk mengukur perilaku seseorang dengan merespon 5 pilihan pada setiap item pertanyaan (sangat setuju, setuju, netral, tidak setuju, sangat tidak setuju) (Budiaji, 2013:128). Angket validasi diberikan kepada ahli materi dan ahli media. Hasil dari angket tersebut akan digunakan sebagai dasar dalam penentuan kualitas kelayakan materi dan media komik yang telah dibuat. Angket ahli materi berjumlah 15 pernyataan positif dan angket validasi ahli media berjumlah 20 pernyataan positif. Angket respon berisikan pernyataan berkaitan dengan media komik yang digunakan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana kepraktisan komik yang dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 644, "width": 300, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Kategori tingkat validitas media pembelajaran komik oleh ahli materi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 666, "width": 365, "height": 69, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Skala Nilai Skor Persentase (%) Kategori 1 5 63-75 84-100 Sangat Valid 2 4 51-62,9 68-83,87 Valid 3 3 39-50,9 52-67,87 Cukup Valid 4 2 27-38,9 36-5067 Tidak Valid 5 1 15-26,9 20-35,87 Sangat Tidak Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 112, "width": 257, "height": 118, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analyze Design Implement Evalute Develop", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 459, "height": 41, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setelah memperoleh skor terendah, skor tertinggi dan mengetahui rentang nilai. Maka diperoleh tingkat validitas media komik menggunakan klasifikasi dengan ketentuan seperti pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 121, "width": 365, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Kategori tingkat validitas media pembelajaran komik oleh ahli media No Skala Nilai Skor Persentase (%) Kategori 1 5 84-100 84-100 Sangat Valid 2 4 68-83,9 68-83,87 Valid 3 3 52-67,9 52-67,87 Cukup Valid 4 2 36-51,9 36-5067 Tidak Valid 5 1 20-35,9 20-35,87 Sangat Tidak Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 191, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 258, "width": 456, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian pengembangan ini merupakan sebuah media komik untuk siswa SMA kelas X pada mata pelajaran Biologi materi Pteridophyta, Komik yang dikembangkan menggunakan model ADDIE. Adapun model pengembangan ADDIE terdiri dari 5 tahapan kegiatan, yaitu Analysis (Analisis), Design (Perancangan), Development (Pengembangan), Implementation (Implementasi), Evaluation (Evaluasi). Berikut adalah hasil pengembangan media komik yang telah diperoleh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 337, "width": 459, "height": 110, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap analisis bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi atau data yang berkaitan dengan proses pembelajaran Biologi. Analisis kebutuhan dilakukan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan siswa, permasalahan belajar, silabus dan materi. Setelah melakukan analisis kebutuhan, selanjutnya dilakukan tahap desain komik Biologi pada materi Pteridophyta untuk digunakan peserta didik sebagai salah satu media dalam pembelajaran Biologi. Tahapan pengembangan merupakan tahapan untuk mewujudkan desain yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa. Setelah produk berupa media komik telah selesai dibuat, maka produk siap untuk dilakukan validasi oleh dua orang ahli, yaitu ahli materi dan media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 457, "width": 456, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahapan pengembangan merupakan tahapan untuk mewujudkan desain yang telah dirancang sedemikian rupa. Setelah produk berupa media komik telah selesai dibuat, maka produk siap untuk dilakukan validasi oleh dua orang ahli, yaitu ahli materi dan media. Setelah proses validasi selesai dan dilakukan ujicoba pada kelompok kecil, maka selanjutnya dilakukan ujicoba untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang keterpakaian media komik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 536, "width": 459, "height": 83, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap evaluasi selalu dilakukan pada setiap tahap pengembangan (evaluasi formatif) guna mengevaluasi proses setiap tahapan yang telah dilakukan, untuk menentukan langkah-langkah yang akan dilakukan selanjutnya.Selain evaluasi yang dilakukan disetiap tahapan pengembangan, dilakukan juga evaluasi sumatif terhadap produk yang dihasilkan yaitu media pembelajaran komik. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa media pembelajaran komik yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu media alternatif pada pembelajaran Biologi, khususnya pada materi Pteridophyta .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 629, "width": 459, "height": 82, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komik yang telah dikembangkan sebelumnya telah melalui validasi terlebih dahulu yaitu divalidasi oleh ahli materi dan ahli media sebelum diujicobakan kelapangan. Dimana hasil akhir dari produk media yang dikembangkan yaitu komik Biologi materi Pteridophyta . Validasi terhadap komik bertujuan untuk melihat kelayakan komik mulai dari desain cover, desain isi, kelayakan isi, penyajian, dan tata bahasa dalam komik. validasi dilakukan oleh dua validator yang terdiri dari validator ahli media dan validator ahli materi. Tahapan validitas ahli materi dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 246, "top": 245, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Tahapan Validsi materi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 266, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari Gambar 1 diketahui validasi dari ahli materi dilakukan sebanyak tiga tahap, tahap pertama dengan kategori cukup valid, tahap kedua dengan kategori valid, dan tahap ketiga dengan kategori valid dan layak diujicobakan di lapangan. Berdasarkan validasi ahli materi produk yang dilakukan oleh ahli materi maka diperoleh hasil bahwa materi dalam komik Biologi pada materi Pteridophyta sudah memenuhi kriteria dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan peserta didik dan sesuai materi pembelajaran. komik yang dikembangkan sudah mengaitkan isi materi dengan kurikulum yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran Biologi, Bahasa yang digunakan dalam komik sangat sederhana, mudah dimengerti dan dipahami. komik juga menampilkan karakter tokoh yang unik, sehingga mendorong peserta didik lebih termotivasi untuk mempelajari materi pada Pteridophyta .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 400, "width": 456, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komik yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar yang diambil dari kurikulum yang digunakan dan materi yang digunakan sesuai dengan kompetensi dasar, hal ini senada dengan pendapat Prastowo (2015), (1) kompetensi dasar yang tercantum dalam komik diambil dari pedoman khusus kurikulum, selanjutnya indikator keluasan materi yang disajikan mendukung pencapaian kompetensidasar (2) materi atau isi komik akan sangat bergantung pada kompetensi dasar yang akan dicapai, selanjutnya indikator ke dalaman materi yang disajikan sesuai dengan tingkat pendidikan peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 713, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Tahapan Validasi Media", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 128, "top": 511, "width": 266, "height": 184, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% TAHAP I TAHAP II", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 457, "height": 138, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Gambar 3 dapat diketahui validasi ahli media pada tahap pertama dengan kategori valid, maka perlu adanya perbaikan terhadap komik yang dikembangkan, pada tahap kedua dengan kategori Sangat valid, semua aspek sudah sesuai. Komik yang dikembangkan sudah sesuai dengan karakteristik peserta didik, dimana menurut Haryanto (2013:87) menjelaskan pada masa remaja 12-21, peserta didik sudah mempunyai kemandirian, tanggung jawab, keterampilan intelektual dan konsep membantu peserta didik dalam belajar. Berdasarkan hasil respon guru terhadap komik yang dikembangkan menunjukkan bahwa komik pada materi Pteridophyta memperoleh kategori sangat baik. Pada komik yang dikembangkan gaya penulisan sangat mudah dipahami peserta didik, hal ini sesuai dengan yang diungkapkan Prastowo (2015), yang mengatakan bahwa, gaya penulisan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan harus disesuaikan dengan materi dan kemampuan peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 217, "width": 456, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respon guru juga menunjukan sangat baik dalam hal ini gambar yang ditampilkan dalam komik yang dikembangkan sangat praktis, gambar-gambar yang ditampilkan dalam komik juga jelas dan menggunakan bahasa yang sederhana yang mudah dimengerti serta memiliki waktu yang lebih efisien. Untuk hasil respon siswa dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 541, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4 hasil respon peserta didik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 562, "width": 456, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan gambar 4 respon siswa dalam hal ini uji coba kelompok kecil terhadap komik yang dikembangkan sangat baik dengan persentase 91% untuk uji coba kelompok kecil dan 87,5% uji coba kelompok besar. Komik yang disajikan memuat gambar-gambar yang unik dan menarik. Menurut Haka, N. B. (2020) komik dapat mempermudah pembelajaran biologi bagi peserta didik. Utariyanti, I. F. Z., Wahyuni, S., & Zaenab, S. (2016) menambahkan bahwa komik dapat layak digunakan dalam pembelajaran biolgi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 655, "width": 68, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 462, "height": 83, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini bahwa Media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE. Model ADDIE terdiri dari 5 tahapan kegiatan, pertama tahap analysis (analisis) dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi dan memberikan angket awal kepada guru dan siswa. Kedua, tahap design (perancangan) komik dirancang sedemikian rupa mulai dari tampilan komik, komponen/lembaran komik hingga proses pembuatan komik (terdiri dari: pembuatan alur cerita, penentuan tokoh dan karakter dan pengerjaan komik). Ketiga,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 313, "width": 288, "height": 201, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "87,5 88 88,5 89 89,5 90 90,5 91 91,5 Uji coba kelompok Besar Uji coba kelompok Kecil", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 187, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 96, "top": 766, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 Karlena. dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 464, "height": 234, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tahap development (Pengembangan) menghasilkan media komik kemudian dilakukan validasi oleh dua orang ahli hingga dinyatakan layak dan diujicobakan pada kelompok kecil. Keempat, tahap implementation (implementasi) dilakukan ujicoba pada guru dan dua kelompok besar. Kelima, tahap evaluation (evaluasi) dilakukan secara formatif dan sumatif. Media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X memperoleh kelayakan secara teoritis dari dua orang ahli, yaitu ahli materi dan ahli media. Validasi oleh ahli materi dilakukan sebanyak 3 (tiga) kali, dengan memperoleh persentase akhir 80% artinya komik berada dalam kategori valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Sedangkan validasi oleh ahli media dilakukan 2 (dua) kali dengan memperoleh persentase 88%, artinya komik beradadalam kategori sangat valid dengan kesimpulan layak untuk diproduksi dengan revisi sesuai saran. Media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X memperoleh kelayakan kelayakan secara praktis dengan kategori sangat baik. Kelayakan praktis diperoleh dari guru dan siswa pada uji coba kelompok. Kelayakan dari guru dengan persentase sebesar 88,24%, ujicoba kelompok kecil dengan persentase 85,33%, uji coba dua kelompok besar dengan masing-masing persentase 84,67% dan 84,08%.Dari uji coba dua kelompok besar didapat kesepakatan yang cukup kuat dan signifikan mengenai kelayakan media komik pada materi Pteridophyta untuk siswa SMA kelas X.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 343, "width": 456, "height": 304, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam proses penyusunan hingga terselesaikannya tesis ini tidak terlepas dari bimbingan, arahan dan bantuan dari berbagai pihak, untuk itu penulis mengucapkan terima kasih yang sebesar- besarnya terutama kepada yang terhormat Ibu Dr. Revis Asra, S.Si, M.Si selaku pembimbing I, Bapak Ir. Bambang Hariyadi, M.Si., Ph.D selaku pembimbing II dan sekaligus sebagai ketua Program Studi Magister Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam yang telah membimbing dan memotivasi penulis selama proses penyelesaian tesis ini. Tak lupa pula penulis mengucapkan terima kasih kepada yang terhormat: Rektor Universitas Jambi dan Direktur Program Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi. Bapak Prof. Dr. Aprizal Lukman, M.Pd selaku penguji I dan Bapak Dr. Nazaruddin, M.Si selaku penguji II. Ibu Dr. Yusnaidar, S.Si, M.Si selaku sekretaris program studi Magister Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Jambi. Ibu Dr. Upik Yelianti, M.S selaku validator materi dan Ibu Dr. Wilda Syahri selaku validator media. Bapak dan Ibu dosen khususnya dosen program Studi Magister Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam yang telah banyak memberikan ilmu kepada penulis selama mengikuti pendidikan di Program Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi. Bapak Syahdanur Gusmin R, S.Pd, MM selaku kepala SMA N 2 Sungai Penuh yang telah memberikan izin untuk melakukan penelitian dan Ibu Novia Rahayu, S.Pd selaku guru Biologi dan responden di SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh Siswa siswi kelas X MIA SMA Negeri 2 Sungai Penuh yang telah membantu sebagai responden dalam penyelesaian tesis ini. Kedua orang tua tercinta Ayahanda Ahmad Darwin dan ibunda Wardiah yang telah memberikan do’a, semangat, dukungan dan dari tetes keringat merekalah tesis ini dapat terselesaikan dengan baik. Teman-teman seperjuangan pada program magister pendidikan IPA Pascasarjana Universitas Jambi yang telah membantu dan memberikan dukungan dalam menyelesaikan tesis ini. Semua pihak yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan satu per satu yang telah memberikan bantuan berupa moril dan materil kepada penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 37, "width": 184, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIODIK: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Biologi Vol. 07, No. 01 (2021), Hal. 53 – 61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 421, "top": 766, "width": 111, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlena. dkk 61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 94, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 94, "width": 459, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akbar, OA. (2015). Minat Belajar Siswa terhadap Media Komik Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik pada Materi Sistem Pencernaan Kelas XI SMA . BioEdu, 4 (1), 750-754. Arahim, Z., dkk. (2009). Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam untuk SMP/MTs Kelas VII . Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.Ariesta, O. (2013). Kebudayaan Lokal Sebagai Potensi dalam Berkarya Komik. Bercadik, 1 (1), 95-110.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 173, "width": 457, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budiaji, W. (2013). Skala Pengukuran dan Jumlah Respon Skala Likert . Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian dan Perikanan [JIPP], 2 (2), 127-133.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 205, "width": 459, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gumelar, MS. (2011). Cara Membuat Komik . Jakarta: PT. Indeks. Handayani, S. (2010). Perbandingan Efektifitas Pemberian Informasi Melalui Media Cerita Bergambar (Komik) Versi BKKBN dengan Media Leaflet . Gaster, 7 (1), 482-490. Haka, N. B. (2020). Pengembangan Komik Manga Biologi Berbasis Android untuk Peserta Didik Kelas XI Ditingkat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 268, "width": 422, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SMA/MA. Journal of Biology Education , 1 (1), 17-32. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21043/jobe.v1i1.3284", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 457, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Iskandar. (2008). Metodelogi Penelitian Pendidikan dan Sosial (Kuantitaif dan Kualitatif) . Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 459, "height": 62, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manalu, MA. (2017). Pengembangan Media Komik Matematika Berbasis Nilai Karakter pada Materi Trigonometri Di Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Indralaya Utara . Jurnal Elemen, 3 (1), 35-48. Mukti, DN. (2015). Penciptaan Karya Komik Alternatif . Jurnal Pendidikan Seni Rupa, 3 (2), 16- 22.118", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 395, "width": 462, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyani, SP. (2015). Pengembangan Media Komik untuk Pembelajaran Bahasa Jawa di Kelas III SD Negeri Tegalpanggung . Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Novianti, RD dan Syaichudin, M. (2010). Pengembangan Media Komik Pembelajaran Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Bentuk soal Cerita Bab Pecahan Pada Siswa Kelas V SDN Ngembung . Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, 10 (1), 74 ‐ 85.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 459, "height": 125, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurlatipah, N. (2015). Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Komik Sains yang Disertai Foto untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Sumber pada Pokok Bahasan Ekosistem . Scientiae Educatia, 5 (2), 1-13. Octaviany, I. (2013). Pengembangan Media Komik dengan Menggunakan Adobe Flash CS3 Professional untuk Mengajarkan Keterampilan Menulis Dongeng pada Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 1 Sawangan . Skripsi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Putra, N. (2013). Research dan Development Penelitian dan Pengembangan . Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 457, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Safitri, R. (2016). Biologi Peminatan Matematika dan Ilmu-ilmu Alam untuk SMA/MA X . Surakarta: CV Mediatama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 457, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Kualitatif Dan R & D . Bandung: Alfabeta CV. Utariyanti, I. F. Z., Wahyuni, S., & Zaenab, S. (2016). Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis komik dalam materi sistem pernapasan pada siswa kelas VIII MTs Muhammadiyah 1 Malang. JPBI (Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi Indonesia) , 1 (3). DOI: https://doi.org/10.22219/jpbi.v1i3.2668", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 456, "height": 30, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wahyuningsih, AN. (2011). Pengembangan Media Komik Bergambar Materi Sistem Saraf untuk Pembelajaran yang Menggunakan Strategi PQ4R . PP, 1 (2), 102-110.", "type": "List item" } ]

5fce689b-3daa-730f-2b33-205bb2fa69ee

https://ejurnal.its.ac.id/index.php/teknik/article/download/143471/7652

[ { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 194, "width": 246, "height": 215, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak—Banjir akibat bendungan memiliki daya rusak yang besar pada area hilir bendungan terkhususnya pada area hilir yang padat penduduk. Mayoritas area hilir Bendungan Jatibarang merupakan wilayah pemukiman yang pada penduduk. Maka diperlukan manajemen penanggulangan bencana khususnya terhadap penduduk yang terdampak. 183 ribu penduduk terdampak akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang, dengan 11,1 ribu penduduk harus dipindahkan berdasarkan analisis InaSAFE. Tingkat bahaya pada area hilir bendungan berada pada tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi berdasarkan klasifikasi bahaya PUPR, sedangkan menurut Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 02 Tahun 2012 area hilir memiliki risiko tinggi. Lokasi pengungsian terbagi menjadi dua zona yaitu zona barat dan zona timur, zona barat berada pada sisi barat Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB) dan zona timur berada pada sisi timur Sungai Banjir Kanal Barat (BKB). Pembagian zona tersebut demi alasan kemananan berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 7 Tahun 2008. Jalur evakuasi yang menghubungkan titik awal dan lokasi pengsungsian merupakan rute tercepat dengan menggunakan jalan primer, sekunder, dan lokal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 423, "width": 246, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci—Bahaya, Evakuasi, InaSAFE, Keruntuhan, InaSAFE, Bahaya, Risiko, Evakuasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 462, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 477, "width": 246, "height": 106, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANJIR yang diakibatkan oleh keruntuhan bendungan memiliki daya rusak yang besar. Diberitakan oleh Kompas.com, pada 27 Maret 2009, Situ Gintung yang terletak di Kota Tangerang Selatan secara tiba – tiba jebol. Runtuhnya situ tersebut mentebabkan seratus korban jiwa dan 300 rumah hancur. Banyaknya korban jiwa akibat peristiwa tersebut maka diperlukan teknologi dalam memprediksi dampak akibat keruntuhan bendungan yang selama ini dipetakan secara manual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 586, "width": 246, "height": 118, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "InaSAFE merupakan perangkat yang memiliki tujuan untuk menyediakan alat bagi pengelola penanggulangan bencana yang mempelajari potensi dampak dari suatu bencana. InaSAFE dikembangkan oleh Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (BNPB) dan Departemen Luar Negeri dan Perdagangan Australia ( Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade ) – Australian Aid , melalui Australia- Indonesia Facility for Disaster Reduction (AIFDR) dan Bank Dunia – Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (World Bank - GFDRR).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 707, "width": 246, "height": 81, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bendungan Jatibarang merupakan bendungan yang memiliki area hilir bendungan yang pada penduduk. Maka untuk meminimalisir dampak maka diperlukan manajemen penanggulangan bencana terkhususnya dampak terhadap penduduk. Selain manajemen penanggulangan bencana diperlukan peta klasifikasi bahaya dan risiko sebagai pemetaan bahaya area hilir bendungan. Upaya tersebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 287, "width": 246, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memiliki tujuan untuk meminimalisir dampak akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 385, "top": 329, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. METODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 344, "width": 246, "height": 287, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisi keruntuhan bendungan dimodelkan dengan menggunakan HEC – RAS dengan skenario piping bawah MAB. Pemilihan skenario piping bawah MAB didasarkan atas besarnya dampak yang dimungkinkan terjadi akibat skenario tersebut. Hasil area genangan yang menjadi keluaran HEC – RAS akan menjadi input hazard dalam analisis jiwa terdampak pada InaSAFE. InaSAFE dipengaruhi oleh data masukan dan keluaran berupa hazard (ancaman), exposure (paparan), impact (hasil dari proses InaSAFE). Pada pemodelan InaSAFE exposure yang digunakan adalah penduduk, sehingga dalam laporan keluaran InaSAFE akan dilaporan penduduk terdampak, terpapar, dan yang harus dipindahkan. Klasifikasi bahaya area hilir bendungan didasarkan atas Pedoman Teknik Klasifikasi Bahaya Bendungan oleh Kementerian PUPR [1]. Pada pedoman tersebut tingkat bahaya ditetapkan berdasarkan penduduk terkena risiko (PenRis). Tingkat bahaya bendungan terbagi menjadi empat kelas yaitu (1) tingkat bahaya rendah, (2) tingkat bahaya sedang, (3) tingkat bahaya tinggi, (4) tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi. Untuk memudahkan dalam melakukan perhitungan jumlah PenRis diganti dengan satuan keluarga dengan asumsi satu keluarga terdiri atas 5 jiwa PenRis. Matriks jumlah keluarga terkena risiko keruntuhan bendungan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 634, "width": 246, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 02 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana, kajian risiko bencana merupakan pendektan yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan potensi dampak negatif yang dimungkinkan timbul akibat suatu bencana [2].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 694, "width": 228, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Risiko Bencana ≈ Ancaman × Kerentanan Kapasitas (1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 726, "width": 246, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada kajian risiko keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang data ancaman merupakan data area genangan dengan nilai kedalaman hasil keluaran dari HEC – RAS. Pada kajian ini kerentanan difokuskan kepada kerentanan sosial dengan data kepadatan penduduk, rasio jenis kelamin, rasio kemiskinan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 54, "top": 52, "width": 500, "height": 82, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prediksi Jumlah Korban Terdampak Genangan Akibat Simulasi Keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang Kota Semarang Menggunakan InaSAFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 143, "width": 372, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yoszy Kusuma Wardana, Siti Kamilia Aziz, dan Rizki Robbi Rahman Alam Departemen Teknik Infrastruktur Sipil, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 168, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 476, "width": 19, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 200, "width": 213, "height": 73, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Matriks Jumlah Keluarga Terkena Risiko Keruntuhan Bendungan Jumlah Jarak dari Bendungan (Km) Keluarga 0 -5 0 - 10 0 - 20 0 - 30 0 - >30 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 – 20 3 3 2 2 2 21 - 200 4 4 4 3 3 >200 4 4 4 4 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C202", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 521, "width": 246, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rasio orang cacat, dan rasio kelompok umur. Seluruh data tersebut bersumber dari BPS tahun 2021, kecuali data rasio orang cacat yang berasal dari Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Semarang 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 569, "width": 246, "height": 118, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keluaran InaSAFE berupa jumlah orang yang harus dipindahkan dijadikan dasar sebagai perencanaan jalur evakuasi. Pemetaan rencana tempat evakuasi berdasarkan pedoman BNPB No. 7 Tahun 2008 mengenai pedoman tata cara pemberian kebutuhan dasar, yaitu (1) berukuran tiga meter persegi per orang, (2) memiliki persyarattan keamanan dan kesehatan, (3) memiliki aksesbilitas terhadap fasilitas umum, (4) menjamin privasi [3]. Lokasi pengungsian tidak dilakukan survei secara langsung tetapi disurvei melalui Google Earth dalam perhitungan luasannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 708, "width": 146, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 724, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Keruntuhan Bendungan di HEC – RAS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 738, "width": 246, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemodelan keruntuhan bendungan di HEC – RAS memerlukan data terrain. Data terrain yang digunakan adalah data DEM yang berasal dari DEMNAS. data tersebut sebelumnya telah dimodifikasi pada bagian sungai hilir", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 541, "width": 246, "height": 129, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bendungan untuk mendapatkan dimensi sungai yang sesuai dengan dimensi aslinya. Skenario keruntuhan bendungan dimodelkan dengan skenario piping bawah pada elevasi +81,90 dengan kondisi muka air banjir. Berdasarkan metode Froehlich 2008 karateristik keruntuhan bendungan diketahui lebar rata – rata 73,53 m dan lebar dasar rekahan 20 m dengan durasi keruntuhan 0,35 jam. Luas genangan yang diakibatkan akibat simulasi keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang menggunakan skenario piping bawah MAB adalah 30,590 Km 2 . Area genangan piping MA banjir dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 680, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. InaSAFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 697, "width": 177, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Persiapan Data dan Analisis Ancaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 305, "top": 712, "width": 246, "height": 69, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "InaSAFE bekerja dengan menggabungkan data layer keterpaparan ( exposure ) dengan layer satu layer ancaman ( hazard) dengan dibatasi data layer agregasi ( agregation ) yang akan menghasilkan layer dampak spasial ( spatial impact ) dari bencana keruntuhan bendungan. Data ancaman (hazard) merupakan data hasil proses running simulasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 274, "width": 173, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Raster Ancaman Keruntuhan Bendungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 522, "width": 172, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Raster Kerentanan Sosial Kota Semarang.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 62, "top": 263, "width": 151, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Area Genangan Piping MA Banjir.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 62, "top": 506, "width": 201, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Laporan Analisis Penduduk Terdampak InaSAFE.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C203", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 577, "width": 246, "height": 142, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keruntuhan bendungan di HEC – RAS dalam hal ini merupakan hasil running skenario piping bawah MAB. Analisis keterpaparan didalam InaSAFE dimodelkan untuk keterpaparan terhadap penduduk, maka data keterpaparan (exposure) merupakan data raster kepadatan penduduk yang dibangun dengan data kependudukan Kota Semarang tahun 2021. Sebagai batasan hasil analisis keruntuhan bendungan, data agregasi (agregation) merupakan data administrasi batas keluarahan Kota Semarang yang bersumber dari Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Analisis ancaman terhadap keterpaparan kepadatan penduduk dilakukan dengan menggunakan Keyword Creation Wizard pada InaSAFE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 725, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Hasil Analisis Menggunakan InaSAFE", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 739, "width": 246, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis InaSAFE dikeluarkan dalam bentuk laporan analisis dampak. Dalam laporan tersebut tercantum informasi mengenai penduduk terdampak keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Berdasarkan laporan hasil analisis keruntuhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 516, "width": 246, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bendungan Jatibarang dengan menggunakan InaSAFE terdapat 225 ribu penduduk terpapar dengan rincian 131 ribu penduduk terpapar pada zona 3 (< 0,76 m), 51,5 ribu penduduk terpapar pada zona 2 (0,76 – 1,5 m), dan 42,2 ribu penduduk terpapar pada zona 1 (> 1,5 m). Penduduk terpapar merupakan penduduk yang berada pada zona bahaya dan memiliki potensi untuk mengalami kerugian. Laporan analisis penduduk terdampak InaSAFE dapat dilihat pada Gambar 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 625, "width": 246, "height": 118, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada laporan analisis dampak InaSAFE, penduduk terdampak merupakan penduduk yang terkena dampak bahaya secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penduduk terdampak dapat mengamali konsekuensi jangka pendek atau jangka panjang terhadap kehidupan, mata pencaharian, kesehatan, ekonomi, fisik, lingkungan, dan sosial budaya. Dari 225 ribu penduduk yang terpapar hanya 183 ribu penduduk yang terdampak, sisanya sebanyak 42,2 ribu penduduk tidak terdampak banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 746, "width": 246, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sepuluh persen dari penduduk yang terpapar merupakan penduduk yang harus mengungsi, penduduk tersebut harus meninggalkan tempat tinggalnya dikarenakan alasan dan keadaan yang terjadi akibat bencana. Total penduduk yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 62, "width": 275, "height": 138, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Lokasi Pengungsian Zona Lokasi Pengungsian Luas Kapasitas Kebutuhan m 2 Jiwa Jiwa Barat SMA Negeri 7 Semarang 2160 720 260 Barat Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 15000 5000 3000 Barat SMP Negeri 19 Semarang 1728 576 560 Barat Amur Satdikpa Pusdik Penerbad 6000 2000 570 Timur SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 1944 648 1140 Timur Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 33000 11000 4700 Timur SMP Negeri 36 Semarang 1944 648 1920 Timur SMK Negeri 1 Semarang 2304 768 860 Timur Masjid At Taqwa 268 89 140 Timur Masjid Nurul Huda 330 110 220 Timur Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 4000 1333 650", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 318, "top": 500, "width": 87, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Jalur Evakuasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 51, "top": 425, "width": 161, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Raster Risiko Keruntuhan Bendungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 445, "width": 28, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 112, "top": 455, "width": 101, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi Pengungsian Cadangan", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 47, "top": 465, "width": 231, "height": 100, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zona Lokasi Pengungsian Kapasitas Utama Cadangan Jiwa Timur SMP Negeri 36 Semarang Stadion Diponegoro 4000 Timur SMK Negeri 1 Semarang Stadion Diponegoro 4000 Timur Masjid At Taqwa SD Negeri 2 Sadeng 168 Timur Masjid Nurul Huda Lapangan Atas Puri Satika 140 Timur SMP Negeri 5 Semarang Lapangan PL Don Bosko 2000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C204", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 641, "width": 246, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "harus diungsikan akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang adalah sebanyak 11,1 ribu penduduk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 671, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Klasifikasi Tingkat Bahaya dan Risiko Bencana", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 47, "top": 688, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Klasifikasi Tingkat Bahaya PUPR", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 703, "width": 246, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Klasifikasi bahaya bendungan menurut PUPR pada daerah hilir Bendungan Jatibarang berada pada kelas 4 atau tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi pada masing – masing jarak yaitu jarak 0 – 5 Km, 0 – 10 Km, dan 0 – 20 Km dari Bendungan Jatibarang. Klasifikasi tersebut didasarkan atas jumlah Penris yang berada atau melebihi rentang 21 – 200 keluarga untuk jarak 0 – 5 Km, 0 – 10 Km, dan 0 – 20 Km.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 641, "width": 246, "height": 117, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelurahan terdampak keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang berjumlah 55 kelurahan dengan jumlah kelurahan pada tingkat bahaya rendah sebanyak 2 kelurahan, pada tingkat bahaya tinggi sebanyak 7 kelurahan, dan pada tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi sebanyak 46 kelurahan. Kelurahan yang memiki tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi seperti kelurahan Kandri dengan jumlah PenRis 22 Keluarga pada jarak 0 Km, Kelurahan Sadeng dengan jumlah PenRis 359 Keluarga pada jarak 1 Km, dan Kelurahan Sukorejo dengan PenRis 614 Keluarga pada jarak 2,9 Km.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 764, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Analisis Risiko BNPB", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 779, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis risiko menurut BNPB dibangun mengggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 63, "width": 28, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 254, "top": 72, "width": 89, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jalur Evakuasi Zona Barat", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 60, "top": 83, "width": 448, "height": 546, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zona Jalur Evakuasi Panjang Km Barat Kalipancur 2 - SMA Negeri 7 Semarang 0,74 Barat Kalipancur 3 - SMP Negeri 19 Kota Semarang 3,12 Barat Kalipancur 4 - SMP Negeri 19 Kota Semarang 2,95 Barat Manyaran 1 - SMP Negeri 19 Kota Semarang 1,98 Barat Manyaran 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,50 Barat Ngemplak Simongan 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,07 Barat Ngemplak Simongan 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,62 Barat Ngemplak Simongan 3 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,76 Barat Bojongsalaman 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 1,90 Barat Bojongsalaman 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,00 Barat Cabean 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,44 Barat Cabean 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,58 Barat Krobokan 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,94 Barat Krobokan 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 3,40 Barat Tawangmas 1 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 3,84 Barat Tawangmas 2 - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 4,54 Barat Tawangmas 3 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 4,71 Barat Tawangmas 4 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 4,83 Barat Tawangsari 2 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 5,24 Barat Tawangsari 3 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 5,56 Barat Tawangsari 4 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 5,64 Barat Tambakharjo - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 4,12 Barat Tawangsari 5 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 3,78 Barat Tawangsari 6 - Mess Pusdik Penerbad 3,58 Barat Kalipancur 1 - SMA Negeri 7 Semarang 1,24 Barat Karangayu - Lapangan Brimob Batalyon A Pelopor 2,09 Tabel 5. Jalur Evakuasi Zona Barat Zona Jalur Evakuasi Panjang Km Timur Sadeng 2 - Masjid At Taqwa 1,21 Timur Sadeng 1 - Masjid At Taqwa 1,02 Timur Sukorejo 2 - Masjid Nurul Huda 2,72 Timur Sukorejo 3 - Masjid Nurul Huda 1,91 Timur Bedhan Dhuwur - Masjid Nurul Huda 2,12 Timur Sukorejo 1 - Masjid Nurul Huda 3,97 Timur Sampangan 1 - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 4,45 Timur Sampangan 2 - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 3,98 Timur Petompon 1 - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 2,70 Timur Petompon 2 - Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 2,51 Timur Petompon 3 - Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 2,13 Timur Barusari - Lapangan Polda Jawa Tengah 2,35 Timur Bulustalan 2 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,50 Timur Pendrikan Lor - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,48 Timur Bulu Lor 1 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,91 Timur Bulu Lor 2 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 3,48 Timur Panggung Kidul - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 4,17 Timur Panggung Lor 1 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 5,02 Timur Panggung Lor 3 - SMP Negeri 36 Semarang 5,52 Timur Tawangmas 1 - SMK Negeri 1 Semarang 5,11 Timur Bulustalan 1 - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,64 Timur Bedan Dhuwur - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 4,77 Timur Sekayu - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 2,47 Timur Kuningan - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 3,76 Timur Purwosari - Lapangan Pancasila Simpang Lima 3,11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C205", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 178, "width": 246, "height": 129, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "data hazard (ancaman), vulnerability (Dampak), dan adaptive capacity (kapasitas). Data ancaman merupakan data area genangan banjir keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Untuk mendapatkan indeks ancaman dilakukan klasifikasi kedalaman dengan klasifikasi <0,76 m, 0,76 – 1,5 m, dan > 1,5 m menggunakan fitur Reclassify pada ArcGIS. Raster genangan banjir kemudian dikalikan dengan 0,43 (skala) menggunakan Raster Calculator . Pengklasifikasian hasil raster tersebut dengan nilai < 0,333333 untuk kelas rendah, 0,333333 - 0,666667 untuk kelas sedang, dan 0,666667 - 1,0 untuk kelas tinggi. Raster hazard keruntuhan Bendungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 311, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jatibarang seperti pada Gambar 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 323, "width": 246, "height": 166, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data kerentanan yang digunakan merupakan data kerentanan sosial. Kerentanan sosial dibangun dengan mengolah indikator kepadatan penduduk dan kelompok rentan. Bobot untuk kepadatan penduduk adalah 60% dan kelompok rentan adalah 40%. Kelompok rentan terdiri atas rasio jenis kelamin, rasio kemiskinan, rasio penyandang cacat, dan rasio kelompok umur. Bobot masing – masing dari rasio tersebut adala 10%. Perhitungan indeks kerentanan sosial dihitung berdasarkan batas administratif kelurahan atau per kelurahan. Data kepadatan penduduk yang digunakan merupakan kepadatan penduduk per kelurahan dengan sumber data jumlah penduduk berasal dari BPS 2021, sedangkan data batas administratif bersumber dari Pemerintah Provinsi Jawa Tengah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 492, "width": 246, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada indikator kelompok rentan, rasio jenis kelamin dihitung per kelurahan dengan sumber data BPS 2021. Untuk rasio kemiskinan diatur menjadi default untuk masing – masing kelurahan, sesuai dengan rasio kemiskinan Kota Semarang dengan besaran 4,56% (BPS, 2022). Berdasarkan Profil Kependudukan Kota Semarang 2022 terdapat 588 penyandang cacat, maka untuk rasio orang dengan penyandang cacat 0,035% dari 1,68 juta penduduk. Rasio kelompok umur didasarkan pada penduduk yang berumur < 5 tahun dan < 60 tahun, pada tahun 2021 Kota Semarang memiliki rasio kelompok umur sebesar 21,26%. Raster kerentanan sosial kota Semarang dapat dilihat pada Gambar 4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 649, "width": 246, "height": 105, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data Kerentanan dan ancaman telah selesai dibangun, untuk menghitung data hazard adalah dengan mengalikan raster ancaman dan kerentanan sosial. Daerah yang memiliki indeks < 0,333333 memiliki risiko rendah, sedangkan daerah yang memiliki indeks 0,33333 – 0,666667 memiliki risiko sedang, dan untuk daerah yang memiliki indeks 0,666667 – 1,0 memiliki risiko tinggi banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Rester risiko keruntuhan bendungan dapat dilihat pada Gambar 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 53, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Lokasi Pengungsian dan Jalur Evakuasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 71, "width": 145, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Penentuan Lokasi Pengungsian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 85, "width": 246, "height": 106, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 7 Tahun 2008 mengenai pedoman tata cara pemberian kebutuhan dasar, lokasi pengungsian minimum harus memiliki persyaratan keamanan dan kesehatan. Untuk memenuhi persyaratan kemanan lokasi penampungan terbagi menjadi dua zona yaitu zona barat dan zona timur. Zona barat merupakan lokasi terdampak yang berada pada sisi barat sungai BKB, sedangkan zona timur merupakan lokasi terdampak yang berada pada sisi timur sungai BKB.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 194, "width": 246, "height": 142, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kapasitas lokasi pegungsian terhadap jumlah pengungsi isyaratkan dengan persayaratan berukuran minimal tiga meter persegi untuk setiap orang. Berdasarkan laporan analisis dampak InaSAFE, jumlah penduduk yang harus mengungsi sebesar 11,1 ribu, artinya kapasitas tempat pengungsian harus memiliki luas minimum 33,3 ribu meter persegi. Untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan tempat pengungsian dan mempermudah aksesbilitas tempat pengungsian, maka lokasi pengsungsian disebar kedalam beberapa fasilitas umum atau sosial terdekat dari area genangan banjir. Lokasi pengungsian dapat dilihat pada Tabel 2 dan lokasi pengungsian cadangan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 342, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Penentuan Jalur Evakuasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 356, "width": 246, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perencanaan jalur evakuasi ditentukan dengan jenis jalan yang digunakan untuk jalur evakuasi. Pada perencanaan jalur evakuasi banjir akibat keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang menggunakan jenis jalan primer, sekunder, dan jalan lokal sebagai jalur evakuasi dengan mempertimbangkan rute tercepat untuk mencapai kesuatu titik aman. Titik awal dan titik kumpul ditempatkan pada masing – masing kelurahan atau yang melewati kelurahan yang terdampak. Penentuan titik awal dan titik kumpul memperharikan lokasi, misalnya membuat titik awal pada daerah sepanjang sungai BKB yang menjadi sungai penerima limpasan banjir keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang. Untuk melalukan analisis rute tercepat dapat menggunakan fitur Network Analyst dalam software ArcGis. Jalur evakuasi dapat dilihat pada Gambar 6, dan Jalur evakuasi zona barat dapat dilihat pada Tabel 4, jalur evakuasi zona barat dapat dilihat pada Tabel 5 dan jalur evakuasi cadangan dapat dilihat pada Tabel 6.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 354, "top": 579, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. KESIMPULAN/RINGKASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 595, "width": 246, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Luas genangan yang diakibatkan simulasi keruntuhan Bendungan Jatibarang menggunakan skenario piping bawah MAB adalah 30,590 Km 2 . Dalam laporan InaSAFE terdapat terdapat 225 ribu penduduk terpapar, 183 ribu penduduk terdampak, dan 11,1 ribu penduduk harus dipindahkan. Klasifikasi tingkat bahaya PUPR diketahui bahwa mayoritas area hilir Bendungan Jatibarang memiliki tingkat bahaya sangat tinggi pada masing – masing jaraknya. Sedangkan risiko menutur BNPB, mayoritas area hilir bendungan memiliki risiko tinggi. Tempat pengungsian terbagi menjadi dua zona yaitu zona barat dan zona timur. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk memenuhi persyaratan kemanan lokasi pengungsian. Rute jalur evakuasi didesain sebagai rute tercepat yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 63, "top": 56, "width": 210, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 6. Jalur Evakusi Cadangan Zona Jalur Evakuasi Panjang Km Timur Lapangan PL Don Bosko - SMP Negeri 5 Semarang 1,38 Timur Titik Pertemuan - Stadion Diponegoro 0,69 Timur SD Negeri 2 Sadeng - Masjid At Taqwa 1,77 Timur Masjid Nurul Huda - Lapangan Atas Puri Satika 0,42 Timur SMP 36 Semarang - Titik Pertemuan 2,16 Timur SMK 1 Semarang - Titik Pertemuan 0,90", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 47, "top": 24, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TEKNIK ITS Vol. 12, No.3, (2023) ISSN: 2337-3539 (2301-9271 Print)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 527, "top": 24, "width": 24, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C206", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 47, "top": 53, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan jalan primer, sekunder, dan lokal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 83, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 98, "width": 250, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Direktorat Jenderal Sumber Daya Air, Pedoman Teknis Konstruksi dan Bangunan Sipil tentang Klasifikasi Bahaya Bendungan. Jakarta: Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat , 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 302, "top": 52, "width": 249, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Peraturan Kepala BNPB No. 2 Tahun 2012 tentang Pedoman Umum Pengkajian Risiko Bencana. Jakarta: Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana , 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 302, "top": 80, "width": 249, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Peraturan Kepala BNPB No 7 Tahun 2008 tentang Pedoman Tata Cara Pemberian Bantuan Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Dasar. Jakarta: Badan Nasional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 108, "width": 108, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penanggulangan Bencana , 2008.", "type": "Text" } ]

4b94351f-25b0-3c5d-719f-641a677b98bc

https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/juliet/article/download/4077/1654

[ { "left": 136, "top": 39, "width": 327, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Language, Literature, and English Teaching (JULIET), 3(1) (2022)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 212, "top": 87, "width": 171, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x https://ojs.umrah.ac.id/index.php/juliet", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 429, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "English Pre-Service Teachers’ Perception on PLP Program in 2020", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 181, "top": 212, "width": 236, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Mirna Wati, 2 Dewi Nopita, 3 Muhammad Candra", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 224, "width": 360, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 English Language Education Study Program, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 250, "width": 361, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 English Language Education Study Program, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 275, "width": 360, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 English Language Education Study Program, Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji, Tanjungpinang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 314, "width": 201, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corresponding email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 343, "width": 322, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received January 19, 2022; Revised March 31, 2022; Published April 29, 2022 https://doi.org/10.31629/juliet.v3i1.4077", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 391, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 428, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This study aimed to find out English pre-service teachers’ perception on PLP program in 2020. Descriptive qualitative is a research design for this research. An object of this research was the PLP program implemented by Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji in 2020. The data were taken from the ninth semester consisting 37 students by using purposive sampling. The instrument for collecting data were open-ended and close-ended questionnaires From the search results of several previous studies, the researcher found that the research problem in this study was feasible, because the research on student perceptions had been widely carried out. However, research on PLP programs was still minimal, especially PLP which was implemented during pandemic. The result of the study showed that the participants were following all of the PLP program’s requirements. However, there were certain program demands that were not met in a pandemic situation in accordance with the program’s objective.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 554, "width": 261, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Pre-Service Teachers, PLP program, Perception", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 592, "width": 92, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 617, "width": 410, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PLP is a compulsory subject for students of education in Indonesia, as stated in (Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2017 Tentang Standar Pendidikan Guru, 2017 ) Pasal 1 butir 8 , PLP is an observation and apprenticeship procedure used by Bachelor of Education students to research areas of learning and educational management in educational units. PLP is a stage in the process of preparing professional teachers on Undergraduate Education, in the form of an assignment to students to put what they've learned into practice through observation of the learning process in schools/educational institutions, the practice of developing learning tools, and guided and accompanied teaching and learning under the supervision and guidance of the supervisor and the teacher civil service in stages.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 202, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JULIET, April 2022; Vol(3) No(1): 24 – 30 p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 89, "width": 410, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In 2020, the PLP was implemented for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic, which became an obstacle and causes some difficulties due to differences in implementation with what was learned in the classroom and faced in the field. It took a lot of work to become a teacher: Students must work very hard to acquire not only theoretical information, such as understanding children's development and teaching pedagogies, but also practical skills, such as collaborating with mentor teachers, schools, and communities, while on placements (e.g., John A. C. Hattie, 2009; Pyne, 2014). A pre-service teacher was a student or a graduate student working under the supervision of a certified teacher to get a degree in education. The word 'pre-service teacher' was used instead of 'student teacher' to distinguish between tertiary and secondary students in Australia, where the term ‘student' can refer to both tertiary and secondary students. Furthermore, the term 'pupil' is rarely used in Australian schools to refer to 'school kids.' The terms 'mentor teacher, ‘supervising teacher,' and 'cooperating teacher' were all used interchangeably to refer to the class or subject teacher with whom the pre-service teacher is placed during the practicum (Cattley, 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 279, "width": 407, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementing teaching practice was critical for bridging the gap between what instructors learn in educational programs and what they really did in the classroom (Darling-Hammond, 2006). (Goh & Matthews, 2011) investigated the concerns and experiences of 14 Malaysian students during their practice by using a reflection journal in which they document their teaching concerns and confidence to teach, and to investigate the concerns and experiences of 14 Malaysian students during their practice by using a reflection journal in which they document their teaching concerns and confidence to teach. According to them, certain tactics in the teacher preparation program were essential to help pre-service teachers in obtaining more benefit from practical experiences in order to link the theoretical parts learned in university with the practical realities of the classroom.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 406, "width": 410, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Therefore, the readiness to become a teacher was very much needed by pre-service teachers, especially English students who were second language students with the challenge of teaching foreign languages. Readiness according to the psychological dictionary (Chaplin, 2006) was \"the level of development of maturity or maturity that is favorable for practicing something\". Maturity included the maturity of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes and mental. In line with the opinion (Desmita, 2009), which declared that readiness was the level or state that must be achieved in the process of the development of the individual at the level of the growth of the mental, physical, social and emotional. One of the factors that influence students' readiness to become teachers was direct experience.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 519, "width": 410, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In an effort to produce professional and qualified teacher candidates, the researcher found this as an interesting phenomenon that occurs in the world of education where there was a gap between the implementation learned in class and what was faced in the field and was further complicated by the pandemic situation. The researcher had conducted several previous studies related to the topic that the researcher wanted to discuss. From the results of several previous studies, Researcher found that this research problem deserved to be continued, because research on student perceptions had been widely carried out, but research on PLP programs was still minimal, especially PLP which was implemented during pandemic. Feedback and assessment of pre-service teachers for the program PLP itself were needed, in determining and developing prospects for the department, in this case the department of English language education in view of the opportunities available and able to cope with the various challenges and obstacles that occur today and in the future. For this reason, more researches were needed regarding the responses of the pre-service teachers who had done PLP Program in 2020, so the researcher was interested in conducting the research having the title English pre-service teachers’ perception on PLP program in 2020 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wati, Nopita & Candra: English Pre-Service …(4)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 95, "width": 411, "height": 326, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research used Descriptive Qualitative Research. Descriptive Qualitative Research was used to gain an understanding of a person's opinions, motivations or reasons. (Denzin & Lincoln, 1994) \"Multimethods in focus, employing an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter\" was how qualitative research described. Similar to Sukardi (2015), in this descriptive study the researcher described the research activities carried out on a particular object clearly and systematically about an ongoing situation on an object of research. The participants in this study were all pre-service students of English education study program who had implemented PLP in 2020 at Universitas Maritim Raja Ali Haji. The selection of the participants were determined through purposive sampling by considering the clarity of understanding of PLP program and can reach them more easily. Purposive sampling was a sampling method that allows you to thoroughly examine situations that are deemed to hold a lot of information (Patton, 2002). Researcher can investigate and explore participants' responses to obtain detailed information about their experiences and feelings (Gay et al., 2012). According to Johnson & Christensen (2012), Questionnaires were used by researcher to collect data on their subjects' thoughts, feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values, perceptions, personalities, and behavioral intentions. A questionnaire was the primary research instrument in this study. The questionnaire in this study aimed to collect information about English pre-service teachers' perceptions of online PLP in 2020. There were two kinds of questionnaires used in this study, namely opened questionnaires and closed questionnaires which were designed based on the demands contained in the PLP program. The data were analyzed using the Miles & Huberman (1994) model analysis; they believed that qualitative analysis had data in the form of words rather than a series of numbers. According to Riyanto (2001), data analysis was a step after data processing to see how to interpret data, and then data analysis from the output at hand in the processing data outcome stage. The miles and huberman data were analyzed in three steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 437, "width": 62, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III RESULT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of this study showed that all program participants carry out all program demands, but they did not achieve the ideal results as planned in the program objectives, based on participants' perceptions of the demands that had been executed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 500, "width": 120, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4.1.1 Questionnaire Result", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 523, "width": 421, "height": 203, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N O Questions Participant Response Response Percentage Yes No Yes No 1 During the implementation of the PLP were there any school culture observations? 37 0 100% 0% 2 From your observations, was there an organizational structure and governance in the school? 37 0 100% 0% 3 From your observations, were there any rules and regulations that are regulated at school? 37 0 100% 0% 4 During PLP were there any ceremonial-formal activities carried out at the school during PLP? 18 19 48.6% 51.4% 5 Are there curricular and co-curricular activities carried out at school or outside of school? 24 13 64.9% 35.1%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 202, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JULIET, April 2022; Vol(3) No(1): 24 – 30 p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 88, "top": 90, "width": 422, "height": 267, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Are there any positive habituation practices and habits carried out at the school? 34 3 91.9% 8.1% 7 During the implementation of PLP, did students participate in studying the curriculum and learning tools used by teachers? 34 3 91.9% 8.1% 8 Were there any variety of learning strategies and learning media used in the implementation of learning activities? 37 0 100% 0% 9 Did students review the evaluation system used by the teacher? 27 10 73% 27% 10 Are there any student activities that help teachers develop learning tools? 26 11 70.3% 29.7% 11 From your obsevation, were there any uses of information and communication technology in learning? 37 0 100% 0% 12 During the PLP were there any practical teaching activities carried out ? 33 4 89.2% 10.8% 13 From your observations, were there any student mentoring activities and extracurricular activities? 17 20 45.9% 54.1% 14 During plp, were there any teacher administration tasks that are also carried out by students? 18 19 48.6% 51.4%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analysis of the collected data was carried out to find out participants’ perceptions of whether the implementation of the PLP program had run in accordance with the demands and objectives of the program, using the Miles & Huberman (1994) model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 422, "width": 387, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "NO QUESTION RESPONSE 1 From your observations, what is the culture of the schools that you have observed?", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 461, "width": 269, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 From your observations regarding the organizational structure and governance in schools, do you know the function of the organizational structure?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 499, "width": 272, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 From your observations, how does the school apply the rules and regulations?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 525, "width": 272, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 What are the formal ceremonial activities at school that you have participated in during the PLP program?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 551, "width": 266, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 From your observations, state what curricular and co- curricular activities are carried out at school!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 577, "width": 274, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 From your observations, what are some examples of habituation activities and positive habits that exist in the school?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 615, "width": 8, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 615, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Please explain how the implementation of the", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 178, "top": 628, "width": 126, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "curriculum used in schools?", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 92, "top": 641, "width": 274, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 How was the process of preparing learning tools that you did during PLP? (RPP, learning media, worksheets, teaching materials, assessment instruments)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 680, "width": 265, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 During the PLP program, are there various learning strategies and learning media that you use while the learning process?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 718, "width": 266, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 if so, what activities did you do to assist teachers in developing learning tools in the school?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 274, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wati, Nopita & Candra: English Pre-Service …(4)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 70, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 70, "width": 224, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How is the use of information and communication technology that you use in the learning process?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 96, "width": 270, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 From your observations, how is the assessment and evaluation system used by the teachers at the school?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 122, "width": 276, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 if so, what are the student mentoring and extracurricular activities that you participated in during the PLP?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 148, "width": 275, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 If so, please state what teacher administration tasks you carried out during PLP", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Each of the questionnaires consisted of two categories based on the demands and objectives of the PLP 1 and PLP 2 programs, namely observation activities and study of all teacher duties, both academic and administrative tasks (Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 259, "width": 122, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Observation Activities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 428, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the findings, 6 demands on the PLP 1 program which included observation activities indicated that participants carried out observation activities in accordance with program demands. Bulach et al. (1994) conducted a research in 20 schools and found that differences in school culture had a significant impact on academic achievement, as evidenced by differences in academic achievement between students from schools with a positive culture and students from schools with a negative culture. Furthermore Zamroni (2009), schools that succeed in creating and maintaining a positive culture will provide high learning outcomes that were not only academically valuable but also produce a culture with improved human, cultural, character, and moral values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 385, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Study of All Teacher Duties", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 428, "height": 212, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the findings, the 8 demands on the PLP 2 program which included reviewing teacher duties, both academic and administrative tasks, showed that the participants carried out these activities in accordance with the demands of the program. Adin-Surkis (2015) conducted a study finding on how the teacher's position affects students' learning. The service training program can ensure teachers' perceptions of contributing positively to the theoretical and practical aspects of curriculum planning, such as curriculum evaluation, interpretation of curriculum flexibility, and textbook potential, according to English's interpretation of the new curriculum. In accordance with Eggen & Kauchak (2012) requirements for teachers and students in 21st century schools or the digital century, which were related to the use of technology in learning. The PLP program was a learning-by-doing technique that prepared undergraduate education programs to explore aspects of learning and education administration in educational units (Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, Dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 Tahun 2017 Tentang Standar Pendidikan Guru, 2017) Pasal 1 Ayat 8. They can obtain experience learning how teachers deal with complicated tasks in a classroom setting through the practicum, which included supervised instruction and systematic observation. Varela & Desiderio (2021) discovered online learning provides some challenges the performance of pre- service teacher.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 613, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The researcher can conclude from the data that the participants were following all of the PLP program's requirements. However, there were certain program demands that were not met in a pandemic situation in accordance with the program's objectives.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 83, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "V CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The researcher got conclusion based on the result of data analysis from both questionnaires in describing English pre-service teachers’ perception on PLP program in 2020. Observation activities in the first category revealed that based on participants' perceptions only one of the six program demands that reaches 51.4 percent was not being implemented. Specifically, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 39, "width": 202, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JULIET, April 2022; Vol(3) No(1): 24 – 30 p-ISSN 2746-0312 e-ISSN 2745-522x", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "demands of observing ceremonial-formal events at schools, where as a result of the epidemic, there was no student activity in the school environment. Despite the fact that the participants met all of the program's requirements, the experience they obtained was not ideal. The activities of instructors and school employees were the only ones that can be observed in the school setting; there was no student activity that can be viewed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 428, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the second category, a review of all teacher responsibilities, both academic and administrative, based on participants' perceptions revealed that two out of eight demands with a percentage of more than 50% were not implemented. Specifically, the needs of aiding students and extracurricular activities, as well as the expectations of assisting instructors in their obligations of teacher administration job. The participants did not gain the greatest amount of experience since, at the time of the program's implementation, the majority of participants were solely concerned with the learning process and lacked experience with teacher management.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 254, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adin-Surkis, A. (2015). Teachers evaluate the new curriculum in English: Views regarding evaluation and evaluation tools. Research in Education , 93 (1), 34–59. https://doi.org/10.7227/RIE.0009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 428, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bulach, C. R., Malone, B., & Castleman, C. (1994). The Effect of School Climate on Student Achie-vement. The Goergia Educational Researcher (in Press) . Cattley, G. (2007). Emergence of professional identity for the pre-service teacher. International Education Journal , 8 (2), 337–347. Chaplin, J. P. (2006). Kamus Lengkap Psikologi . PT. Raja Grafindo Persada. Darling-Hammond, L. (2006). Powerful teacher education: Lesson from exemplary programs . CA : Jossey-Bass.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Introduction: Entering the Field of Qualitative Research . Sage Publication, Inc.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 431, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desmita, M. S. . (2009). Psikologi Perkembangan Peserta Didik Panduan Bagi Orang Tua dan Guru dalam mahami Psikologi Anak Usia SD, SMP, dan SMA . PT REMAJA ROSDAKARYA Bandung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 469, "width": 428, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eggen, P., & Kauchak, D. (2012). Strategi Dan Model Pembelajaran, Mengajarkan Konten Dan Keterampilan Berpikir Edisi 6 .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 428, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gay, L. R., Mills, G. E., & Airasian, P. (2012). Educational Research competencies for analysis and applications. In Pearson Education, Inc (TENTH EDIT). Pearson. http://marefateadyan.nashriyat.ir/node/150", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Goh, P. S., & Matthews, B. (2011). Listening To the Concerns of Student Teachers In Malaysia During Listening To the Concerns of Student Teachers In Malaysia During Teaching Practice Teaching Practic. Australian Journal of Teacher Education Australian Journal of Teacher , 36 (3), 13.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 580, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Johnson, R. B., & Christensen, L. (2012). educational research : quantitavi, qualitatve and mix approach (4th editio). SAGE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 429, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kementrian Riset, Teknologi, dan P. (2017). Pengenalan lapangan persekolahan program sarjana pendidikan. In Panduan Program pengenalan lapangan persekolahan (pp. 1–43). Direktorat Pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis An expanded Sourcebook 2nd Edition (R. Holland (ed.); 2nd Ediiti). SAGE.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Patton, M. Q. (2002). How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation . SAGE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 428, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia Nomor 55 tahun 2017 tentang standar pendidikan guru, Pub. L. No. Nomor 55 tentang standar pendidikan guru, Peraturan Mentri Riset, Teknologi, dan Pendidikan Tinggi Republik Indonesia 29 (2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 39, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wati, Nopita & Candra: English Pre-Service …(4)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 745, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 70, "width": 428, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Riyanto, B. (2001). No Title (Forth Edit). BPEE Yogyakarta. Sukardi. (2015). Metode penelitian pendidikan tindakan kelas implementasi dan pengembangannya. (Edisi Pert). Bumi Aksara. Varela, D. G., & Desiderio, M. F. (2021). Perceptions of COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on the Student Teaching Experience . 12.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 133, "width": 428, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zamroni. (2009). Panduan Teknis Pengembangan Kultur Sekolah . Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.", "type": "Text" } ]

90e5d410-cf95-c53c-0dd6-8b7526d1720c

https://e-journal.hamzanwadi.ac.id/index.php/jga/article/download/24255/4067

[ { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 677, "width": 419, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 723, "width": 402, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Submitted : 19-09 -2023 Accepted : 28-12-2023 Published: 30-12-2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 524, "top": 677, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "292", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 97, "top": 106, "width": 421, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 156, "width": 402, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Iin Maulina 1 , Yuniarti 2 , Almira Akyesti 3 PG-PAUD Universitas Muhammadiyah 1, PG-PAUD Universitas Muhammadiyah 2 PG-PAUD Universitas Muhammadiyah 3 Email: [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 42, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 253, "width": 499, "height": 165, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kemampuan anak dalam menyampaikan informasi dan pendapat kepada orang lain. Hasil wawancara bersama guru kelompok B RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara menjelaskan bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak masih kurang karena terdapat beberapa anak yang pemalu dan lebih suka menyendiri, serta anak yang sibuk sendiri sehingga tidak bisa fokus pada saat proses belajar, disekolah belum pernah menerapkan pembelajaran digital. Sehingga kurang menarik perhatian anak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui keefektifan penerapan guessing game berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif metode eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data, observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah anak Kelompok B, berjumlah 14 orang. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji paired sample t-test. Hasil pengujian paired sampel t-test pada aspek yang dinilai yakni keputusan yang dapat diambil adalah tolak H o dan terima H a , artinya terdapat efektivitas dari media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 432, "width": 326, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: Guessing Games, PowerPoint, Kemampuan Berbicara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 460, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 474, "width": 499, "height": 164, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This research is motivated by children's ability to convey information and opinions to other people. The results of interviews with group B teacher RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara explained that children's speaking skills are still lacking because there are some children who are shy and prefer to be alone, as well as children who are busy themselves so they cannot focus during the learning process, at school they have never implemented digital learning. So it doesn't attract children's attention. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of implementing a PowerPoint- based guessing game on children's speaking abilities. This research uses a quantitative approach to experimental methods. Data collection techniques, observation, documentation and interviews. The sample in this study was Group B children, totaling 14 people. The data analysis technique used is the paired sample t-test. The results of the paired sample t-test on the aspects assessed are that the decision that can be taken is to reject H o and accept H a , meaning that there is effectiveness of the PowerPoint-based Guessing Games media on children's speaking abilities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 639, "width": 284, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Guessing Games, PowerPoint, Speaking Skills", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 444, "height": 26, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 527, "top": 695, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "293", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 499, "height": 156, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan pada anak usia dini sangatlah penting untuk mempersiapkan anak menuju pendidikan yang lebih lanjut sebagaimana dalam Undang-Undang No.20 tahun 2003 BAB I, Pasal 1 butir 14 menyatakan bahwa Pendidikan anak usia dini adalah suatu upaya pembinaan yang ditujukan kepada anak sejak lahir sampai usia enam tahun yang dilakukan melalui pemberian rangsangan pendidikan untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan jasmani dan rohani agar anak memiliki kesiapan dalam memasuki pendidikan lebih lanjut. Enam aspek perkembangan yang dapat dikembangkan pada pendidikan anak usia dini, yaitu aspek agama moral, bahasa, kognitif, sosial emosional, fisik motorik dan seni. Salah satu aspek perkembangan anak adalah aspek perkembangan bahasa. Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi yang sangat penting bagi anak. Dalam perkembangan bahasa mencakup kemampuan membaca, menyimak, menulis, mendengar, berbicara, dan berkomunikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 499, "height": 76, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mulyati Yeti (dalam Sitti Khodijayati Saputri 2020: 2) menyatakan, Kemampuan berbicara merupakan keterampilan berbahasa yang bersifat produktif. Artinya melalui kemampuan berbicara seseorang menyampaikan pengalaman, pikiran, ide kreatif, dan pendapatnya kepada orang lain dengan menggunakan bahasa yang baik dan benar, kemampuan berbicara seseorang ditentukan dengan tingkat penguasaannya terhadap topik pembicaraan dan kebahasaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 499, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasanah, (2019: 23) menyatakan “ Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint merupakan permainan yang dibuat dengan aplikasi software Microsoft bernama PowerPoint Presentation dan permainan ini dapat memberikan desain yang baik untuk anak agar lebih fokus pada proses pembelajaran”. Ada banyak alasan mengapa permainan ini dapat meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara. Permainan ini memberikan kesempatan kepada anak-anak, mereka dapat menggunakan bahasa lisan yang dikemas dalam bahasa yang menarik, namun akan membangkitkan semangat dan minat belajar mereka. Harapannya anak pemalu atau lambat dapat menunjukkan kemampuannya dan menemukan anak yang aktif percaya diri dalam komunikasi verbal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 486, "width": 499, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permainan berbasis PowerPoint ini dapat memberikan kesempatan untuk siswa dalam menghadapi pembelajaran di era informasi. Siswa mampu bermain permainan dengan instruksi yang baik yang terdapat pada PowerPoint karena variasi desain dan animasi dapat merangsang minat siswa belajar dengan baik pada saat proses belajar mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 550, "width": 499, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jadi, berdasarkan hasil observasi di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara kemampuan anak dalam menyampaikan informasi dan pendapat kepada orang lain belum optimal dan masih perlu peningkatan. Dari hasil wawancara bersama guru kelompok B di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara menjelaskan bahwa kemampuan berbicara anak masih kurang karena ada beberapa anak yang pemalu dan lebih suka menyendiri, serta anak-anak yang sibuk sendiri sehingga tidak bisa fokus pada saat proses belajar-mengajar. Guru di kelompok B juga menjelaskan bahwa di sekolah belum pernah menerapkan pembelajaran digital. Penggunaan media pembelajaran audio, visual, dan video juga masih kurang sehingga kurang menarik perhatian anak dalam proses pembelajaran. Oleh karena itu, berdasarkan latar belakang yang sudah dijelaskan di atas, penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 294", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "oleh peneliti dapat memecahkan masalah yang terjadi di dalam proses pembelajaran. Permainan Guessing Games diharapkan dapat membuat siswa semangat mengikuti pembelajaran, merangsang kemampuan berbicara siswa, sehingga siswa berani untuk berbicara dan meningkatkan kemampuan berbicaranya. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini berjudul “Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis PowerPoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 217, "width": 137, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 499, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan desain one group pretest-posttest . Menurut Emzir (2017: 64) “Metode eksperimen adalah metode yang banyak dipilih dan paling produktif dalam penelitian.” Bila dilakukan dengan baik, Studi eksperimental menghasilkan bukti yang benar berkaitan dengan hubungan sebab-akibat. Alasan digunakannya metode eksperimen pada penelitian ini adalah karena peneliti akan menerapkan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint serta menganalisis seberapa besar pengaruh peningkatan kemampuan berbicara anak usia dini kelompok B di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara. Penelitian ini termasuk One Group PreTest-Post Test Design, yaitu melakukan satu kali pengukuran di depan ( pretest ) sebelum adanya perlakuan ( treatment ) dan setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran lagi ( posttest ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 391, "width": 499, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi informan atau responden adalah pihak-pihak yang terlibat atau yang berada di lingkungan tempat penelitian yang dilaksanakan yaitu guru, kepala sekolah, dan anak didik. Sedangkan yang menjadi instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri, selain menggunakan peneliti sendiri dalam instrumen penelitian ini peneliti juga menggunakan instrumen berupa pedoman observasi, wawancara untuk melihat kegiatan di kelas. Dokumentasi untuk mencatat tentang kegiatan yang terjadi selama tindakan yang diberikan, alat yang digunakan adalah kamera dan perekam suara. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini dengan cara observasi lapangan atau pengamatan untuk menghimpun data, teknik wawancara untuk memperoleh informasi verbal secara langsung dari informan dan dokumentasi merupakan catatan peristiwa yang sudah berlalu. Dan teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Ross & Willson (dalam Fachrun Naja Maulidia & Efriyani Djuwita, 2021: 61) menyatakan Paired sample t-test adalah teknik pengujian hipotesis yang membandingkan rata-rata dua kelompok sampel berpasangan atau rata-rata satu kelompok sampel yang diperiksa pada dua titik berbeda pada waktu yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 499, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan kemampuan berbicara anak kelompok B di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara sebelum dan sesudah diberikannya perlakuan dengan menggunakan media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 295", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 160, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 500, "height": 109, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh melalui data hasil penelitian langsung observasi pre-test, hasil tes dari treatment dan post-test , serta hasil dokumentasi. Data tersebut diperoleh peneliti dan dipilih agar dapat diolah menjadi data penelitian serta untuk memperoleh hasil penelitian melalui Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap keterampilan berbicara anak usia 5-6 tahun di RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara. Jumlah anak di kelas B berjumlah 14 orang anak yang terdiri dari tiga anak perempuan dan 11 anak laki-laki. Upaya mengetahui kemampuan awal anak, diberikan pre-test yang dilakukan sebelum melaksanakan treatment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 232, "width": 499, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peneliti melakukan kegiatan penelitian terlebih dahulu mewawancarai guru kelas untuk mendapatkan informasi dan data anak tentang kemampuan berbicara anak serta media pembelajaran yang digunakan. Mei Linda, Elin B. Somantri, Firdaus Zar’in (2021: 30) menyatakan bahwa “Kemampuan berbicara sangat penting untuk anak karena berbicara selalu dibutuhkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari,dengan berbicara anak dapat dengan mudah berinteraksi dengan orang lain.” Hasil yang telah ditemukan peneliti di sekolah kemampuan berbicara anak sebelum diberikan treatment masih rendah. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa hal ini terjadi karena media pembelajaran yang digunakan di sekolah kurang menarik perhatian anak, karena berdasarkan wawancara dari guru kelas media yang digunakan setiap pembelajaran hanya bergantung pada buku LKS (Lembar Kerja Siswa).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 375, "width": 499, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan selama lima kali pertemuan, pre-test dilakukan sebanyak satu kali pertemuan, treatment dilakukan selama tiga kali pertemuan, dan post-test dilakukan selama satu kali pertemuan setelah diberikan treatment selesai. Penjelasan tentang kemampuan berbicara anak pada saat pre-test bisa dilihat pada grafik berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 665, "width": 145, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Grafik 1. Data Pre-Test Anak", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 296", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebelum dilakukan perlakuan terlebih dahulu peneliti membuat data penilaian pre-test untuk melihat perkembangan kemampuan berbicara anak. Pre-test yang diberikan yaitu melihat kemampuan berbicara anak melalui media buku cerita yang dibacakan oleh guru kemudian setelah itu anak diberikan pertanyaan seputar cerita yang telah dibacakan. Hasil pre-test pada grafik di atas dapat dilihat bahwa dari perkembangan pada Indikator anak dapat menjawab pertanyaan yang lebih kompleks, terdapat empat anak dengan nilai Kurang Baik, dan 10 anak yang mendapatkan nilai Baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 499, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah diperoleh hasil pre-test , maka peneliti mulai melakukan penelitian berupa pemberian treatment atau perlakuan dengan menggunakan kegiatan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak yang bekerja sama dengan guru kelas untuk menyampaikan dan observasi yang membantu peneliti menemukan hasil dari post-test .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 264, "width": 499, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Treatment pertama ini peneliti menampilkan permainan tebak siapakah aku. Pada permainan ini terdapat gambar hewan yang ditutup oleh empat box. Kemudian box akan dibuka satu persatu dan anak diminta untuk menebak hewan apa yang ada di balik box tersebut. Jika jawaban anak benar maka akan mendapatkan point . Setelah selesai menebak dan semua box sudah terbuka, selanjutnya anak diminta untuk menyebutkan ciri-ciri dari hewan tersebut. Selain menyebutkan ciri-ciri, anak juga diminta untuk menceritakan atau menjelaskan tentang hewan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 553, "width": 260, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Treatment Pertama (Tebak siapakah aku?)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 108, "top": 584, "width": 435, "height": 109, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada treatment kedua anak diminta duduk di bawah menghadap ke layar infocus . Pada pertemuan kedua ini peneliti menampilkan permainan tebak suara. Pada permainan ini satu slide terdiri dari tiga gambar hewan dan juga terdapat suara hewan yang harus ditebak oleh anak . Setelah suara hewan sudah diputar, maka anak diminta untuk menjawab pertanyaan. Setelah selesai menebak, selanjutnya anak diminta untuk menyebutkan ciri-ciri dari hewan yang ditampilkan tersebut. Selain menyebutkan ciri- ciri, anak diminta untuk memilih salah satu hewan kemudian anak menceritakan atau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 297", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 105, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "menjelaskan tentang hewan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 121, "width": 212, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2. Treatment Kedua (Tebak Suara)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 352, "width": 436, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada treatment ketiga ini memiliki peraturan permainan yang berbeda, kali ini anak akan bergantian maju ke depan untuk menebak bayangan apakah yang ada di layar. Jika salah satu anak sudah maju ke depan dan membelakangi layar infocus , maka tugas anak lainnya yang duduk menghadap infocus adalah memberikan clue atau petunjuk tentang hewan yang bersangkutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 192, "top": 432, "width": 231, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 3. Treatment Ketiga (Tebak bayangan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 658, "width": 440, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penjelasan tentang kemampuan berbicara anak pada tahap post-test adalah sebagai berikut: Grafik 2. Data Post-test Anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 298", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 284, "width": 500, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil nilai post-test dari indikator Anak Dapat Menjawab Pertanyaan yang lebih Kompleks, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai Kurang Baik, tidak terdapat pula anak memiliki nilai yang Baik, dan terdapat 14 anak dengan nilai yang Sangat Baik. Selanjutnya, hasil nilai post-test dari Indikator anak dapat menyusun kalimat sederhana dalam struktur lengkap, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai Kurang Baik, terdapat lima anak memiliki nilai yang Baik, dan terdapat sembilan anak dengan nilai yang Sangat Baik. Dan terakhir, hasil nilai post-test dari Indikator anak memiliki lebih banyak kata-kata untuk mengekspresikan ide pada orang lain, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai Kurang Baik, terdapat dua anak memiliki nilai yang Baik, dan terdapat 12 anak dengan nilai yang Sangat Baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 427, "width": 499, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penilaian rata-rata pada saat pre-test dengan sampel 14 orang anak yaitu 4,21, sedangkan pada post-test sebanyak 8,5. Jadi, berdasarkan pre-test ke post-test mengalami peningkatan. Jika dilihat dari hasil observasi pre-test ke post-test, penerapan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint ini berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak. Begitu pula dengan data observasi diuji secara statistik hasilnya t hitung lebih besar dari t tabel, maka H 0 ditolak dan H a diterima. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini berarti terdapat efektivitas dari media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 469, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti 299", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil pengujian paired sampel t test pada aspek-aspek yang dinilai siswa antara p re-test dan post-test yakni dengan taraf signifikansi alfa sebesar 5% diperoleh nilai t hitung sebesar -13,314 dengan nilai p -value sebesar 0,000 yang kurang dari alfa sebesar 0,05 maka keputusan yang dapat diambil adalah tolak H o dan terima H a , artinya terdapat efektivitas dari media Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 386, "width": 221, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Grafik 3. Perbandingan Pre-test dan Post-test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 499, "height": 219, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil skrorsing dari data hasil observasi pre-test dan post-test terdapat peningkatan yang terjadi terhadap kemampuuan berbicara anak setelah diberikannya treatment dengan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint . Adapun penelitian terdahulu yang dilakukan oleh Gita Vallenti Wibowo dan Suyadi (2021: 9) yang berjudul “Penerapan Permainan Bahasa Guessing Games Berbasis PowerPoint Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini” yang dapat dijadikan acuan dalam penelitian ini mengemukakan bahwa “Bersumber pada hasil riset yang sudah periset lakukan pada Kelompok B di Taman Kanak-Kanak Thoyyibah Kota Bandar Lampung terkait proses kegiatan pembelajaran dengan penerapan permainan bahasa Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint dalam meningkatkan keterampilan berbicara anak usia dini sudah berjalan dengan cukup baik,..”. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penggunaan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint merupakan cara yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berbahasa pada anak usia dini. Karena anak senang bermain, permainan ini memudahkan anak untuk memahami informasi apa yang ingin disampaikan kepada para pendidik. Selain itu, melalui Guessing Games ini, anak-anak secara aktif mengungkapkan ide-ide kepada orang lain (Gita Vallenti Wibowo dan Suyadi, 2021: 9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 444, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 527, "top": 695, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "300", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 84, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 121, "width": 499, "height": 251, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Semua rangkaian penelitian dan analisis data lapangan terkumpul, selanjutnya menarik kesimpulan yang berdasarkan pada fokus masalah dari judul penelitian tentang, Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Ra-Hasanuddin Pontianak, penelitian tentang Guessing Games berbais PowerPoint sudah baik. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan data lapangan yaitu, hasil penelitian dan pembahasan pada bab sebelumnya, maka dapat peneliti simpulkan mengenai P re-test bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan berbicara anak sebelum diberikan treatment atau perlakuan. Setelah dilakukannya pre-test , peneliti memberikan treatment sebanyak tiga kali pertemuan yang disetiap harinya ditampilkan gussing games berbasis PowerPoint dan diberikannya kegiatan yang sudah di sesuaikan dengan indikator yang digunakan. Nilai post-test dari indikator anak memiliki lebih banyak kata-kata untuk mengekspresikan ide pada orang lain, tidak terdapat anak yang memiliki nilai kurang baik, terdapat dua anak memiliki nilai yang baik, dan terdapat 12 anak dengan nilai yang sangat baik. dapat disimpulkan bahwa proses pembelajaran yang diberikan dinyatakan berhasil karena dengan adanya penilian yang diberikan dan hasil yang didapatkan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan oleh peneliti ketika anak diberikan pembelajaran menggunakan Guessing Games berbasis PowerPoint terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak maka hasilnya yaitu efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 391, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 407, "width": 499, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D . Bandung: PT Alfabet. Wibowo, Gita. V., Suyadi. (2020). Penerapan Permainan Bahasa Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Dalam Meningkatkan Keterampilan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini . Cakrawala Dini: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.12 (1),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 470, "width": 499, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Linda, Mei., Somantri, Elin. B., Zar’in, Firdaus. (2021). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Menggunakan Media Big Book Di Taman Kanakkanak Ananda Komyos Sudarso Pontianak Barat. Edukasi: Jurnal Ilmiah Anak Usia Dini. 9 (1), 30-40. Hasanah, U. (2019). Penggunaan Alat Permainan Edukatif (APE) Pada Taman Kanak-Kanak di Kota Metro Lampung. Awlady : Jurnal Pendiidkan Anak, 5(1), 20–40.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 550, "width": 499, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Saputri, Sitti. K. (2020). “ Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara Dalam Pembelajaran Teks Deskripsi Dengan Menggunakan Metode Guessing Game Pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah 12 Makassar ”. (Skripsi). Makassar : Universitas Muhammadiyah Makassar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 499, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mariamah . (2017). Peningkatan Kemampuan Berbicara Anak Usia Dini 4-5 Tahun Melalui Singing Games Ditaman Kanak-Kanak Islam Al Kautsar Pontianak Selatan. (Skripsi). Pontianak : Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 645, "width": 499, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia, Nomor 146 Tahun 2014, tentang Kurikulum 2013 Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 677, "width": 415, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 20 Tahun 2003 BAB I, Pasal 1, Butir 14.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Golden Age, Universitas Hamzanwadi Vol. 07 No. 02, Desember 2023, Hal 292-301 E-ISSN : 2549-7367 https://doi.org/ 10.29408/goldenage.v7i01.24255", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 695, "width": 444, "height": 26, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Pengaruh Penerapan Guessing Games Berbasis Powerpoint Terhadap Kemampuan Berbicara Anak RA Hasanuddin Pontianak Tenggara) Iin Maulina, Yuniarti , Almira Akyesti", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 527, "top": 695, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "301", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 105, "width": 499, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia. (Online). Tersedia di kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id/entri/religius. Diakses 7 Juni 2022.", "type": "Text" } ]

beec1106-7c23-2b60-5b1c-48db2748a95c

https://journal.stieamm.ac.id/valid/article/download/114/89

[ { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PE RLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP ISTRI MENURUT UNDANG UNDANG NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PENGHAPUSAN KEKERASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 235, "top": 95, "width": 147, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DALAM RUMAH TANGGA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 206, "top": 107, "width": 202, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Studi Kasus Di Pengadilan Negeri Selong)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 179, "top": 129, "width": 256, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Johan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gunung Rinjani Lombok Timur e-mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 177, "width": 39, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 189, "width": 408, "height": 234, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Violence can occur within the scope of household members as a whole, not just violent husband on the wife. However, data obtained from both the research and case reports from various institutions that care for women, shows that the majority of cases of domestic violence is the husband on the wife. \"Domestic Violence is any act against someone, especially women, misery or suffering physical, sexual, psychological, and / or negligence of household including threat to commit acts, coercion, or deprivation of liberty unlawfully within the scope of household , The aim of this penellitian 1). To know the form perlindungaan laws against criminal liability for the wife and husband were involved in perpetrators of domestic violence. 2). To know the efforts to be made by the government in preventing domestic violence. The method used in this research is the method of juridical empirical research which is basically to first see the applicable legal norms subsequently seen how its implementation in the field, whether or not in accordance with the provisions and the underlying theories. The results of this study concluded that 1) the form of legal protection against the wife physically and psychologically as a victim of domestic violence, among others, have been determined in the law on Domestic Violence (domestic violence). 2) .Bentuk Domestic Violence (domestic violence) in the form of physical and psychological violence, sexual violence, economic violence. Cases of domestic violence committed by a husband against his wife is to a complaint not offense unusual in the sense that cases of domestic violence whose victims are the wife and the culprit is the new husband is processed criminally if there is a complaint of wives sebgaai the victim to the police by themselves or give power to others.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 428, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ke y words : legal protection, violence, domestic violence.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 453, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 464, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu tujuan perkawinan sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam Pasal 1 Undang-Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan yang sekaligus memberikan suatu definisi perkawinan: “Perkawinan adalah ikatan lahir batin antara seorang pria dengan seorang perempuan sebagai suami istri dengan tujuan membentuk keluarga (rumah tangga) yang bahagia dan kekal, berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa” 1 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 524, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keutuhan dan kerukunan rumah tangga yang bahagia, aman, tenteram, dan damai merupakan dambaan setiap orang dalam rumah tangga. Negara Republik Indonesia adalah negara yang berdasarkan Ketuhanan Yang Maha Esa dijamin oleh Pasal 29 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Dengan demikian, setiap orang dalam lingkup rumah tangga dalam melaksanakan hak dan kewajibannya harus didasari oleh agama. Hal ini perlu terus ditumbuhkembangkan dalam rangka membangun keutuhan rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 595, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mewujudkan keutuhan dan kerukunan tersebut, sangat tergantung pada setiap orang dalam lingkup rumah tangga, terutama kadar kualitas perilaku dan pengendalian diri setiap orang dalam lingkup rumah tangga tersebut. Keutuhan dan kerukunan rumah tangga dapat terganggu jika kualitas dan pengendalian diri tidak dapat dikontrol, yang pada akhirnya dapat terjadi kekerasan dalam rumah tangga sehingga timbul ketidakamanan atau ketidakadilan terhadap orang yang berada dalam lingkup rumah tangga tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 666, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk mencegah, melindungi korban, dan menindak pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, negara dan masyarakat wajib melaksanakan pencegahan, perlindungan, dan penindakan pelaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 399, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1 Drs.H.M.Anshary MK, SH., MH Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia (Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta 2010) hal 12 Undang- Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 Pasal 1", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "212", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sesuai dengan falsafah Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Negara berpandangan bahwa segala bentuk kekerasan, terutama kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, adalah pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dan kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan serta bentuk diskriminasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 116, "width": 408, "height": 128, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pandangan negara tersebut didasarkan pada Pasal 28 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, beserta perubahannya. Menentukan bahwa, “Setiap orang berhak atas perlindungan diri pribadi, keluarga, kehormatan, martabat, dan harta benda yang di bawah kekuasaannya, serta berhak atas rasa aman dan perlindungan dari ancaman ketakutan untuk berbuat atau tidak berbuat sesuatu yang merupakan hak asasi” 2 . Pasal 28H ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 menentukan bahwa “Setiap orang berhak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus untuk memperoleh kesempatan dan manfaat yang sama guna mencapai persamaan dan keadilan” 3 . Perkembangan dewasa ini menunjukkan bahwa tindak kekerasan secara fisik, psikis, seksual, dan penelantaran rumah tangga pada kenyataannya terjadi sehingga dibutuhkan perangkat hukum yang memadai untuk menghapus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 247, "width": 401, "height": 128, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam rangka mencegah dan menanggulangi terjadinya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, yang selanjutnya ditulis (KDRT) telah ada peraturan PerUndang-Undangan yang terkait dengan masalah KDRT yaitu, Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, yang diundangkan pada tanggal 22 September 2004. Di samping itu ada beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan yang terkait dengan KDRT, antara lain Undang- Undang No. 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan, Undang-Undang No. 8 tahun 1981 Tentang KUHAP, Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1984 Tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Wanita. Undang-Undang Nomor 39 Tahun 1999 Tentang Hak Asasi Manusia, dan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 Tentang Perlindungan Anak. Namun demikian dalam kenyataan masih banyak anggota masyarakat yang belum mengetahui, memahami secara jelas ketentuan dalam peraturan perUndang-Undangan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 378, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hingga saat ini, KDRT sebagai salah satu jenis kekerasan yang berbasis gender dari waktu ke waktu terus mengalami peningkatan. Faktor yang melatar belakangi terjadinya kasus ini adalah diantaranya masih berkembangnya budaya patriarkhi, serta upaya penyetaraan gender belum menampakkan hasil yang signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 425, "width": 408, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga akhir-akhir ini banyak dibicarakan baik dalam bentuk lokakarya, seminar, diskusi maupun dialog publik. Pihak penyelenggara terdiri dari berbagai kalangan baik dari organisasi pemerintah, non pemerintah maupun para akademisi. Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga tidak hanya menjadikan perempuan sebagai korban, tetapi bisa anak-anak, perempuan (istri), bahkan juga laki-laki (suami), bahkan yang termasuk dalam lingkup rumah tangga menurut Pasal 2 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2004 bukan hanya suami, isteri dan anak tetapi termasuk juga orang yang mempunyai hubungan keluarga karena hubungan darah, perkawinan, persusuan, pengasuhan dan perkawinan yang menetap dalam rumah tangga yang bersangkutan. Termasuk juga orang yang membantu rumah tangga dan menetap dalam rumah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan dapat terjadi di dalam lingkup anggota rumah tangga secara keseluruhan, bukan hanya kekerasan suami terhadap isteri. Namun dari data yang diperoleh baik hasil penelitian maupun laporan kasus dari berbagai lembaga yang peduli terhadap perempuan, menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas kasus dalam rumah tangga adalah kekerasan suami terhadap isteri. “Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga adalah setiap perbuatan terhadap seseorang terutama perempuan, yang berakibat timbulnya kesengsaraan atau penderitaan secara fisik, seksual, psikologis, dan/atau penelantaran rumah tangga termasuk ancaman untuk melakukan perbuatan, pemaksaan, atau perampasan kemerdekaan secara melawan hukum dalam Iingkup rumah tangga” 4 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 697, "width": 267, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2 Pasal 28G ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara RI Tahun 1945 Perubahan", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 708, "width": 235, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3 Pasal 28H ayat (2) hak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 719, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4 Pasal 1 ayat (1) Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "213", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 410, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari latar belakang penelitian sebagaimana diuraikan di atas, penulis hendak membatasi penelitian ini berdasarkan rumusan masalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 104, "width": 390, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Bagaimanakah bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap istri dalam tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga ?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 128, "width": 391, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Bagaimanakah pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi suami yang terlibat dalam pelaku tindak kekerasan dalam rumah tangga?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 155, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENDEKATAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 167, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendekatan masalah yang digunakan adalah pendekatan masalah dengan memakai metode yuridis empiris yakni penelitian ini pada dasarnya terlebih dahulu melihat norma hukum yang berlaku selanjutnya dilihat bagaimana pelaksanaanya dilapangan, apakah sesuai atau tidak dengan ketentuan dan teori-teori yang melandasinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 214, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metode analisa data pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriftif analisis. Bahan hukum yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif, yaitu analisis yang dilakukan dengan memahami dan merangkai data yang telah diperoleh dan disusun sistematis, kemudian ditarik kesimpulan. Dan kesimpulan yang diambil dengan menggunakan cara berpikir deduktif, yaitu dengan cara berpikir yang mendasar pada hal-hal yang bersifat umum kemudian ditarik kesimpulan secara khusus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 291, "width": 350, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN A. Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga menurut sudut pandang HukumNasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 314, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga menurut sudut Pandang Hukum Nasional, teftuang dalam UU No. 23 Tahun 2004. Dimana implementasi Undang-Undang ini sebenarnya merupakan implementasi negara yang meratifikasi konvensi mengenai penghapusan segala bentuk diskriminasi terhadap perempuan (Convention on the Elimination of All Form of Discrimination/CEDAW ) melalui Undang-undang No 7 tahun 1984. Juga berdasar Deklarasi Penghapusan Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan yang dilahirkan PBB tanggal 20 Desember 1993 dan telah diratifikasi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Bahkan di Indonesia telah disahkan Undang- undang No 23 Tahun 2004 tentang 'Penghapusan Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 409, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti yang penulis wawancara menjelaskan “Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga seperti yang tertuang dalam Undang-undang No.23 Tahun 2004 tentang Penghapusan Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga memiliki arti setiap perbuatan terhadap seseorang terutama perempuan, yang berakibat timbulnya kesengsaraan atau penderitaan secara fisik, seksual, psikologis, dan/atau penelantaran rumah tangga termasuk ancaman untuk melakukan perbuatan, pemaksaan, atau perampasan kemerdekaan secara melawan hukum dalam lingkup rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 492, "width": 408, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tindak kekerasan yang dilakukan suami terhadap isteri sebenarnya merupakan unsur yang berat dalam tindak pidana, dasar hukumnya adalah KUHp (kitab undang-undang hukum pidana) pasal 356 yang secara garis besar isi pasal yang berbunyi: \"Barang siapa yang melakukan penganiayaan terhadap ayah, ibu, isteri atau anak diancam hukuman pidana 5 ” UU tentang KDRT merupakan hukum publik yang didalamnya ada ancaman pidana penjara atau denda bagi yang melanggarnya, maka masyarakat luas khususnya kaum lelaki, dalam kedudukan sebagai kepala keluarga sebaiknya mengetahui apa itu kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT). Adapun tentang siapa saja yang termasuk dalam lingkup rumah tangga, adalah 6 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 587, "width": 260, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Suami, isteri, dan anak, termasuk anak angkat dan anak tiri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 599, "width": 391, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Orang-orang yang mempunyai hubungan keluarga dengan suami, isteri yang tinggal menetap dalam rumah tangga, seperti mertua, menantu, ipar, dan besan; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 623, "width": 391, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Orang yang bekerja membantu di rumah tangga dan menetap tinggal dalam rumah tangga tersebut, seperti PRT.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 647, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun bentuk KDRT seperti yang disebut di atas dapat dilakukan suami terhadap anggota keluarganya dalam bentuk :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 671, "width": 328, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kekerasan fisik, yang mengakibatkan rasa sakit, jatuh sakit atau luka berat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 710, "width": 194, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5 KUHp (kitab undang-undang hukum pidana) pasal 356", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 311, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6 Anshary H.M. (2010) Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta. Hal 22", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "214", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 120, "top": 69, "width": 390, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kekerasan psikis, yang mengakibatkan rasa ketakutan, hilangnya rasa percaya diri, hilangnya kemampuan untuk bertindak rasa tidak berdaya, dll.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 92, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Kekerasan seksual, yang berupa pemaksaan seksual dengan cara tidak wajar, baik untuk suami maupun untuk orang lain untuk tujuan komersial, atau tujuan tertentu; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 116, "width": 393, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Penelantaran rumah tangga yang terjadi dalam lingkup rumah tangganya, yang mana menurut hukum diwajibkan atasnya. Selain itu penelantaran juga berlaku bagi setiap orang yang mengakibatkan ketergantungan ekonomi dengan cara membatasi dan/atau melarang untuk bekerja yang layak di dalam atau di luar rumah, sehingga korban berada di bawah kendali orang tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 176, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Jenis Perbuatan dan Sanksi KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 188, "width": 89, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kekerasan Fisik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 199, "width": 408, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Bapak Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., selaku Hakim yang penulis wawancara mengatakan “kekerasan fisik dapat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu kekerasan fisik berat dan kekerasan fisik ringan. Kekerasan fisik berat berupa penganiayaan berat seperti menendang memukul, menyundut melakukan percobaan pembunuhan atau pembunuhan dan semua perbuatan lain yang dapat mengakibatkan cedera berat. Kekerasan Fisik Ringan, berupa menampar, menjambak, mendorong, dan perbuatan lainnya yang mengakibatkan cedera ringan, rasa sakit dan luka fisik yang tidak masuk dalam kategori berat 7 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 283, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam hukum pidana secara umum terdapat dua jenis delik yaitu delik biasa dan delik aduan. Delik biasa atau delik umum dapat diproses secara hukum tampa ada pengaduan dari korban. Namun pada delik aduan penuntutan terhadap perbuatan pidana tersebut baru akan dilakukan apabila ada pengaduan dari korban. Pada kasus kekerasan terhadap perempuan dalam lingkup rumah tangga terdapat dua jenis delik dalam satu pasal. Ketentuan jenis delik biasa dan delik aduan ini terdapat pada bab VIII UU KDRT tepatnya pada pasal 44, 45 dan pasal 46 sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 366, "width": 388, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1) Pasal 44 ayat 1, setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan kekerasan fisik dalam lingkup rumah tangga dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp.15.000.000 (lima belas juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 402, "width": 387, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2) Pasal 44 ayat 2, perbuatan kekerasan fisik dalam lingkup rumah tangga yang mengakibatkan korban jatuh sakit atau luka berat 36 maka pelaku dikenai sanksi pidana berupa pidana penjara palingnlama 10 tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp. 30,000,000 (tiga puluh juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 449, "width": 388, "height": 33, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3) Pasal 44 ayat 3, apabila perbuatan fisik menyebabkan kematian maka pelaku dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama lima belas tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp. 45,000,000 (Empat puluh lima juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 485, "width": 387, "height": 56, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4) Pasal 44 ayat 4 apabila kekerasan fisik dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya yang tidak menimbulkan penyakit atau tidak menyebabkan terhalangnya korban melakukan pekerjaan atau kegiatan sehari-hari maka pelaku dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 4 bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5,000,000 (Lima juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada pasal 44 ayat 1 sampai dengan ayat 4 d iatas terdapat delik aduan dan delik biasa. Delik biasa terdapat pada pasal 44 ayat 1 sampai ayat 3 sedangkan pada pasal 44 ayat 4 merupakan delik aduan. Pada delik biasa pelaku kekerasan dalam KDRT apabila diketahui oleh pihak berwajib dapat diajukan penuntutan pidana tanpa menunggu laporan atau pengaduan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 592, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Para korban atau pelaku yang dimaksudkan pada pasal 44 ayat 1 sampai 3 adalah perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh orangtua terhadap anak atau sebaliknya. Sedangkan pasal 44 ayat 4 pelaku kekerasan disebutkan dengan jelas yaitu perbuatan yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya perbuatan kekerasan yang dilakukan oleh istri terhadap suami yang menimbulkan rasa sakit, sanksinya lebih ringan dibandingkan dengan sanksi pada Pasal 44 ayat 1 yaitu sanksi penjara selama 4 bulan atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5,000,000 (lima juta rupiah). Namun perbuatan sebagaimana disebutkan pada pasal 44 ayat 4 akan diproses apabila ada pengaduan tertulis atau secara lisan dari korban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., selaku Hakim", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "215", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 93, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kekerasan Psikis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 82, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Psikis Berat dan kekerasan psikis ringan, berupa tindakan pengendalian, manipulasi, eksploitasi, kesewenangan, perendahan dan penghinaan, dalam bentuk pelarangan, pemaksaan dan isolasi sosial; tindakan dan atau ucapan yang merendahkan atau menghina; penguntitan; kekerasan dan atau ancaman kekerasan fisik, seksual dan ekonomis; yang masing- masingnya bisa mengakibatkan penderitaan psikis berat berupa salah satu atau beberapa hal berikut 8 : a. Gangguan tidur atau gangguan makan atau ketergantungan obat atau disfungsi seksual yang salah satu atau kesemuanya berat dan atau menahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 177, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Gangguan stres pasca trauma.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 189, "width": 372, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Gangguan fungsi tubuh berat (seperti tiba-tiba lumpuh atau buta tanpa indikasi medis)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 201, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Depresi berat atau destruksi diri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 213, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Gangguan jiwa dalam bentuk hilangnya kontak dengan realitas seperti skizofrenia dan atau bentuk psikotik lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 237, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Bunuh diri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 249, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Psikis Ringan, berupa tindakan pengendalian, manipulasi, eksploitasi, kesewenangan, perendahan dan penghinaan, dalam bentuk pelarangan, pemaksaan, dan isolasi sosial, tindakan dan atau ucapan yang merendahkan atau menghina, penguntitan, ancaman kekerasan fisik seksual dan ekonomis;yang masing-masingnya bisa mengakibatkan penderitaan psikis ringan, berupa salah satu atau beberapa hal di bawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 308, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Ketakutan dan perasaan terteror", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 320, "width": 383, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Rasa tidak berdaya, hilangnya rasa percaya diri, hilangnya kemampuan untuk bertindak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 332, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Gangguan tidur atau gangguan makan atau disfungsi seksual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 344, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Gangguan fungsi tubuh ringan (misalnya,sakitkepala,gangguan pencernaan tanpa indikasi medis).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 368, "width": 128, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Fobia atau depresi tempore", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 379, "width": 374, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pasal 45 juga terdapat delik biasa dan delik aduan. Pasal 45 terdiri dari 2 ayat antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 391, "width": 391, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pasal 45 ayat 1 setiap orang yanq melakukan perbuatan fsikis dalam lingkup rumah tangga dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama tiga tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp.9,000,000 (Sembilan juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 427, "width": 391, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Pasal 44 ayat 2 apabila kekerasan fiskis dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya yang tidak menimbulkan rasa sakit maka pelaku dikenai sanksi pidana penjara paling lama 4 bulan dan denda paling banyak Rp. 3,000,000 (tiga juta rupiah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 463, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perbuatan sebagaimana disebutkan pada pasal 45 ayat 1 merupakan delik biasa sedangkan pada pasal 45 ayat 2 merupakan delik aduan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 487, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Kekerasan Seksual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 498, "width": 262, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan seksual berat dan kekerasan seksual ringan, berupa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 510, "width": 394, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pelecehan seksual dengan kontak fisilg seperti meraba, menyentuh organ seksual, mencium secara paksa, merangkul sefta perbuatan lain yang menimbulkan rasa mualqjfilq tefteror, terhina dan merasa dikendalikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 546, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Pemaksaan hubungan seksual tanpa persetujuan korban atau pada saat korban tidak menghendaki.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 570, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Pemaksaan hubungan seksual dengan cara tidak disukai, merendahkan dan atau menyakitkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 594, "width": 394, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Pemaksaan hubungan seksual dengan orang lain untuk tujuan pelacuran dan atau tujuan tertentu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 617, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Terjadinya hubungan seksual dimana pelaku memanfaatkan posisi ketergantungan korban yang seharusnya dilindungi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 641, "width": 394, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "f. Tindakan seksual dengan kekerasan fisik dengan atau tanpa bantuan alat yang menimbulkan sakit, luka,atau cedera.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 663, "width": 408, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., 9 menambahkan kekerasan Seksual Ringan, berupa pelecehan seksual secara verbal seperti komentar verbal, gurauan porno, siulan, ejekan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 361, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8 Philips M. Hadjon, (1987) Perlindungan Hukum Cet. Ke 2 (Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 274, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Galih Bawono, SH.,MH., selaku Hakim", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "216", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "julukan dan atau secara non verbal, seperti ekspresi wajah, gerakan tubuh atau pun perbuatan lainnya yang meminta perhatian seksual yang tidak dikehendaki korban bersifat melecehkan dan atau menghina korban. Melakukan repitisi kekerasan seksual ringan dapat dimasukkan ke dalam jenis kekerasan seksual berat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 116, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Adapun pasal 46 Undang-undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 berbunyi : \"setiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan kekerasan seksual sebagaimana dimaksud pada pasal B hurup a dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 12 (dua betas) tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp. 36,000,000,00 (Tiga puluh enam juta rupiah)\".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 164, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pasal 46 tersebut berkaitan dengan pasal 53 dari UU yang sama, yang berbunyi : \" Tindak pidana kekerasan seksual sebagaimana dimaksud dalam pasal 46 yang dilakukan suami terhadap istri atau sebaliknya merupakan delik aduan.\". Pasal 47 berbunyi setiap orang yang memaksa orang yang menetap dalam rumah tangganya melakukan hubungan seksual sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam Pasal 8 hurup b dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 4 (Empat) tahun dan pidana penjara paling lama 15 (lima belas) tahun atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 12.000.000 (dua belas juta rupiah) atau denda paling banya Rp. 300.000.000 (tiga ratus juta rupiah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pasal 48, berbunyi : dalam hal perbuatan sebagaiman dalam pasal 46 dan pasal 47 mengakibatkan korban menyebabkan luka yang tidak memberi harapan untuk sembuh sama sekali, mengalami ganguan daya pikir atau kejiwaan sekurang-kurangnya selama 4 minggu terus menerus atau satu tahun tidak berturut-turut, gugur atau matinya janin dalam kandungan, atau mengakibatkan tidak berfungsinya alat reproduksi, dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling singkat 5 tahun dan pidana penjara paling lama 20 tahun atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 25,000,000 dan paling banyak Rp.500,000,000,-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 331, "width": 107, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Kekerasan Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 342, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Ekonomi dapat dibagi menjadi kekerasan ekonomi berat dan kekerasan ekonomi ringan. Kekerasan ekoomi Berat, yakni tindakan eksploitasi, manipulasi dan pengendalia lewat sarana ekonomi berupa 10 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 378, "width": 314, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Memaksa korban bekerja dengan cara eksploitatif termasuk pelacuran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 390, "width": 233, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Melarang korban bekerja tetapi menelantarkannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 402, "width": 381, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Mengambil tanpa sepengetahuan dan tanpa persetujuan korban, merampas dan atau memanipulasi harta benda korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 425, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kekerasan Ekonomi Ringan, berupa melakukan upaya sengaja yang menjadikan korban tergantung atau tidak berdaya secara ekonomi atau tidak terpenuhi kebutuhan dasarnya. Pasal 49 mejelaskan tentang perbuatan menelantarkan orang lain dalam lingkup rumah tangganya maka dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 3 tahun atau denda paling banyak Rp.15,000,000,-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 473, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selain jenis pidana sebagaimana diuraikan diatas yang terdapat pada pasal 44 sampai dengan pasal 49 maka hakim juga diberikan kewenangan oleh UUKDRT untuk memberikan pidana tambahan antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 508, "width": 381, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Pembatasan gerak pelaku baik yang bertujuan untuk menjauhkan pelaku dari korban dalam jarak dan waktu tertentu, maupun pembatasan hak-hak teftentu dari pelaku.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 130, "top": 532, "width": 378, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Penetapan pelaku mengikuti program konseling dibawah pengawasan lembaga tertentu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perbuatan pidana atau delik yang terdapat pada UUKDRT dan perbuatan pidana yang terdapat pada KUHP ada perbedaan walaupun sama-sama perbuatan pidana. Yang membedakannya adalah terletak pada locus deliKinya atau tempat perbutan pidana tersebut dilakukan. Delik yang terdapat pada KUHP tidak melihat dimana perbuatan itu dilakukan asalkan memenuhi unsur-unsur pidana maka perbuatan itu adalah perbuatan pidana yang bisa dituntut berdasarkan pasal yang dilanggar. Tetapi delik yang terdapat dalam Undang-undang No 23 tahun 2004 perbuatan pidana hanya bisa dituntut apabila tempat teriadinya di dalam rumah dimana pelaku dan korban bertempat tingal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 644, "width": 135, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "C. Korban dah Hak Korban", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 657, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti yang penulis wawancara memaparkan setiap perempuan yang menjadi korban tindak pidana berada pada posisi yang lemah dan seringkali menglami peristiwa yang mengecewakan. Karena seakan akan dijadikan objek belaka. Bahkan pengalaman-pengalamannya harus dia ceritakannya kembali misalnya pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10 Ibid. Hal. 96", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "217", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "saat dia melapor ke polisi atau pada saat siding di pengadilan. Keadaan akan bertambah parah apabila masyarakat ikut memandang rendah mereka yang menjadi korban tindak pidana KDRT karena dianggap sebagai wanita yang tidak baik dan tidak taat pada suami atau suka melawan suami. Situasi seperti itu sangat mengecewakan sebab korban harus selalu menahan diri dan memendam perasaan malu. Korban adalah mereka yang menderita jasmaniah dan rohaniah sebagai akibat tindakan orang lain yang mencari pemenuhan kepentingan diri sendiri atau orang lain yang bertentangan dengan kepentingan dan hak asasi yang menderita. 11", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 152, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Definisi dari korban adalah orang baik individu maupun kolektif telah menderita kerugian fisik dan mental, ekonomi dan social atau hak-hak dasar disebabkan oleh karena pelanggaran hokum pidana atau pelarangan tentang penyalahgunaan kekuasaan. Berdasarkan pasal 1 ayat 4 Undang-undang no 23 tahun 2004 dijelaskan bahwa korban adalah orang yang mengalami kekerasan dan atau ancaman kekerasan dalam lingkup rumah tangga. Pengeftian korban dalam undang-undang no 13 tahun 2006 tentang perlindungan saksi dan korban bahwa korban adalah seseorang yang mengalami penderitaan fisilq mental dan kerugian ekonomi yang diakibatkan oleh suatu tindak pidana. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Selanjutnya Menurut Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti mengatakan “perempuan sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga memiliki hak-hak dan kewajiban- kewajiban. Hak-hak dan kewajiban korban adalah sebagai berikut 13 : 1. Mendapatkan kompensasi atas kompensasi atas penderitaan, sesuai dengan kemampuan pelaku", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 306, "width": 226, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Menolak kompensasi karena tidak memerlukannya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 318, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Mendapatkan kompensasinya untuk ahli warisnya apabila korban meninggal dunia karena tindakan tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 342, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Mendapatkan pembinaan dan rehabilitasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 354, "width": 165, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Mendapatkan kembali hak miliknya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 366, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Menolak menjadi saksi bila hal ini akan mebhayakan dirinya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 378, "width": 379, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Mendapatkan perlindungan dari ancaman pihak pelaku, bila melapor dan menjadi saksi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 390, "width": 182, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8. Mendapatkan bantuan penasehat hukum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 402, "width": 133, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9. Menggunakan upaya hukum", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 413, "width": 176, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian kewajiban dari korban adalah :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 425, "width": 122, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Tidak main hakim sendiri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 437, "width": 354, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Berpartisipasi dengan masyarakat terjadinya/ timbulnya korban lebih banyak lagi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 449, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Korban berkewajiban mencegah kehancuarn sipelaku baik oleh diri sendiri maupun oleh orang lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 473, "width": 184, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Korban wajib ikut serta membina pelaku", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 485, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Bersedia membina atau dibina agar tidak menjadi korab lagi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 497, "width": 325, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Tidak menuntut kompensasi yang tidak sesuai dengan kemampuan pelaku.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 508, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Memberi kesempatan pelaku untuk memberi kompensasi secara bertahap atau sesuai dengan ke mampuannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 532, "width": 330, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8. Wajib menjadi saksi bila tidak membahayakan diri sendiri dan ada jaminan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 544, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hak dan kewajiban korban dalam undang-undang KDRT terdapat pada pasal 10 adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 568, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Perlindungan dari pihak keluarga, kepolisian kejaksaan, pengadilan, advokat, lembaga sosial atau pihak lainnya baik sementara maupun berdasarkan penetapan pemerintah perlindungan dari pengadilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 604, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Pelayanan kesehatan sesuai dengan kebutuhan medis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 615, "width": 253, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Penanganan khusus berkaitan dengan kerahasiaan korban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 627, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Pendampingan oleh pekerja sosial dan bantuan hokum pada tiap proses pemeriksaan sesuai dengan ketentuan perundang-undangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 651, "width": 137, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Pelayanan bimbingan rohani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 665, "width": 224, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian pada Pasal 26 hak-hak korban antara lain :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 698, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "11 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 26, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "12 ibid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 247, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "13 Wawancara Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "218", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 123, "top": 69, "width": 387, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Korban berhak melaporkan secara langsung kekerasan dalam rumah tangga kepada kepolisian baik ditempat korban berada maupun ditempat kejadian perkara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 96, "width": 387, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Korban dapat memberikan kuasa kepada keluarga atau orang lain untuk melaporkan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga kepada pihak kepolisian baik ditempat korban berada maupun ditempat kejadian perkara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 137, "width": 334, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "D. Faktor Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 149, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ada beberapa Faktor penyebab terjadinya kekerasan dalam Ruang Lingkup Rumah Tangga, antara lain sebagai Berikut 14 :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 173, "width": 244, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Laki-laki dan perempuan tidak dalam posisi yang setara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 184, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Masyarakat menganggap laki-laki dengan menanamkan anggapan bahwa laki-laki harus kuat berani serta tanpa ampun", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 208, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga dianggap bukan sebagai permasalahan sosial, tetapi persoalan pribadi terhadap relasi suami istri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 232, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Pemahaman keliru terhadap ajaran agama, sehingga timbul anggapan bahwa laki-laki boleh menguasai perempuan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 256, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Pembelaan atas kekuasaan laki-laki", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 268, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6. Laki-laki dianggap sebagai dengan wanita, sehingga superioritas sumber daya dibandingkan mampu mengatur dan mengendalikan wanita.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 291, "width": 213, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7. Diskriminasi dan pembatasan dibidang ekonomi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 305, "width": 388, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8. Diskriminasi dan pembatasan kesempatan bagi wanita untuk bekerja mengakibatkan wanita (istri) ketergantungan terhadap suami, dan ketika suami kehilangan pekerjaan maka istri mengalami tindakan kekerasan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 346, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9. Beban pengasuhan anak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 360, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10. Istri yang tidak bekerja, menjadikannya menanggung beban sebagai pengasuh anak. Ketika terjadi hal yang tidak diharapkan terhadap anak, maka suami akan menyalah-kan istri sehingga tejadi kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 396, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "UU No.23 tahun 2004 juga mengatur kewajiban masyarakat dalam PKDRT, dimana bagi setiap orang yang mendengar, melihat, atau mengetahui terjadinya kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (KDRT) wajib melakukan upaya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 431, "width": 88, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. mencegah KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 443, "width": 186, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Memberikan perlindungan kepada korban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 455, "width": 170, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Memberikan pertolongan darurat; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 467, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Mengajukan proses pengajuan permohonan penetapan perlindungan; (vide pasal 15 UU PKDRT).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 491, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Namun untuk kejahatan kekerasan psikis dan fisik ringan serta kekerasan seksual yang terjadi di dalam relasi antar suami-isteri, maka yang berlaku adalah delik aduan. Maksudnya adalah korban sendiri yang melaporkan KDRT yang dialaminya kepada pihak kepolisian. (vide, pasal 26 ayat 1 UU 23 tahun 2004 tentang PKDRT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 538, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Namun korban dapat memberikan kuasa kepada keluarga atau Advokat/Pengacara untuk melaporkan KDRT ke kepolisian (vide, pasal 26 ayat 2). Jika yang menjadi korban adalah seorang anak, laporan dapat dilakukan oleh orang tua, wali, pengasuh atau anak yang bersangkutan (vide, pasal2T). Adapun mengenai sanksi pidana dalam pelanggaran UU No.23 tahun 2004 tentang PKDRT diatur dalam Bab VIII mulai dari pasal 44 sld pasal 53. Khusus untuk kekerasan KDRT di bidang seksual, berlaku pidana minimal 5 tahun penjara dan maksimal 15 tahun penjara atau 20 tahun penjara atau denda antara 12 juta s/d 300 juta rupiah atau antara 25 juta s/d 500 juta rupiah. ( vide pasal 47 dan 48 UU PKDRT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 638, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E. Perlindungan Hukum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 651, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keberadaan hukum dalam masyarakat merupakan suatu sarana untuk menciptakan ketentraman dan keteftiban masyarakat, sehingga dalam hubungan antar anggota masyarakat yang satu dengan yang lainnya dapat dijaga kepentingannya. Hukum tidak lain adalah perlindungan kepentingan manusia yang berbentuk norma atau kaedah. Hukum sebagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 720, "width": 51, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "14 Ibid. Hal 72", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "219", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 408, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kumpulan peraturan atau kaedah mengandung isi yang bersifat umum dan normatif, umum karena berlaku bagi setiap orang, dan normatif karena menentukan apa yang boleh dan tidak boleh dilakukan, serta menentukan bagaimana cara melaksanakan kepatuhan pada kaedah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 104, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Wujud dari peran hukum dalam masyarakat adalah memberikan perlindungan hukum kepada anggota masyarakat yang kepentingannya terganggu. Persengketaan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat harus diselesaikan menurut hukum yang berlaku, sehingga dapat mencegahperilaku main hakim sendiri. Tujuan pokok hukum sebagai perlindungan kepentingan manusia adalah menciptakan tatanan masyarakat yang tertib, sehingga terwujud kehidupan yang seimbang. 15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 164, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hukum itu bertujuan agar tercapainya ketertiban dalam masyarakat sehingga diharapkan kepentingan manusia akan terlindungi untuk mencapai tujuannya dan bertugas membagi hak dan kewajiban antar perorangan dalam masyarakat, membagi wewenang dan mengutamakan pemecahan masalah hukum serta memelihara kepastian hukum. Menurut Subekti dalam buku Sudikno Mertokusumo berpendapat, bahwa tujuan hukum itu mengabdi kepada tujuan Negara, yaitu mendatangkan kemakmuran dan kebahagiaan bagi rakyatnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 235, "width": 408, "height": 92, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan kata lain, perlindungan hukum dapat diartikan sebagai suatu gambaran darifungsi hukum, yaitu ketenteraman bagi segala kepentingan manusia yang ada di dalam masyarakat sehingga tercipta keselarasan dan keseimbangan hidup masyarakat. Sedangkan perlindungan hukum dalam arti luas adalah tidak hanya diberikan kepada seluruh makhluk hidup maupun segala ciptaan Tuhan dan dimanfaatkan bersama-sama dalam rangka kehidupan yang adil dan damai. Indonesia adalah negara yang berdasarkan Pancasila, maka system perlindungan hukum yang dianut harus berpijak pada dasar Negara Pancasila, yaitu tidak hanya melihat hak dan kewajiban di dalam masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 330, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prinsip-prinsip perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat Indonesia berlandas pada Pancasila sebagai dasar ideologi dan dasar falsafah Negara. Prinsip-prinsip yang mendasari perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat berdasarkan Pancasila adalah Prinsip-prinsip perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat terhadap tindakan pemerintahan yang bersumber pada konsep tentang pengakuan dan perlindungan terhadap hak asasi manusia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 390, "width": 408, "height": 56, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia pada dasarnya terkandung dalam nilai-nilai Pancasila yanq telah disepakati sebagai dasar negara. Dengan kata lain, Pancasila merupakan sumber pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia. Pengakuan akan harkat dan martabat manusia berarti mengakui kehendak manusia untuk hidupbersama yang bertujuan yang diarahkan pada usaha untuk mencapai kesejahteraan bersama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 449, "width": 408, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Prinsip kedua yang melandasi perlindungan hukum bagi rakyat terhadap tindakan pemerintahan adalah prinsip negara hukum.Pancasila sebagai dasar falsafah Negara serta adanya asas keserasian hubungan antara pemerintah dan rakyat berdasarkan asas kerukunantetap merupakan elemen peftama dan utama karena Pancasila, yang pada akhirnya mengarah pada usaha tercapainya keserasian dan keseimbangan dalam kehidupan 16 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 508, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hukum melindungi kepentingan seseorang dengan cara mengalokasikan suatu kekuasaan kepadanya untuk bertindak dalam rangka kepentingan tersebut. Antara hak dan kewajiban terdapat hubungan yang sangat erat yang satu mencerminkan adanya yang lain 17 . Suatu kepentingan merupakan sasaran dari ha( bukan hanya karena ia dilindungi oleh hukum tetapi juga karena adanya pengakuan terhadapnya. Ciri-ciri yang melekat pada hak menurut hukum adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 580, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Hak itu diletakkan kepada seseorang yang disebut sebagai pemilik atau subyek dari hak itu. la juga disebut sebagai orang yang memiliki titel atas barang yang menjadi sasaran dari hak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 615, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Hak itu tertuju kepada orang lain, yaitu yang menjadi pemegang kewajiban. Antara hak dan kewajiban terdapat berhubungan korelataif.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 639, "width": 388, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Hak yang ada pada seseorang ini mewajibkan pihak lain untuk melakukan ( commission ) atau tidak melakukan ( ommision ) sesuatu perbuatan. Ini bisa disebut sebagai isi dari hak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 663, "width": 388, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Commission atau ommission itu menyangkut sesuatu yang bisa disebut sebagai objek dari hak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 698, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "15 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 709, "width": 391, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "16 Philips M. Hadjon, (1987) Perlindungan Hukum Cet. Ke 2 (Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press. Hal 56", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 719, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "17 Ibid. Hal. 70", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "220", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 123, "top": 69, "width": 387, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Setiap hak menurut hukum itu menyangkut titel yaitu suatu peristiwa tertentu yang menjadi alasan melekatnya hak itu pada pemiliknya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 92, "width": 408, "height": 69, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Salah satu fungsi hukum adalah untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada warga masyarakat, terutama yang berada pada posisi lemah akibat hubungan hukum atau kedudukan yang tidak seimbang. Perlindungan hukum adalah unsur yang memiliki peran yang penting dari suatu penegakan hukum. Menurut Sudikno Mertokusumo hukum berfungsi sebagai perlindungan kepentingan manusia agar kepentingan manusia terlindungai, hukum harus dilaksanakan. Pelaksanaan hukum dapat berlangsung secara normal, damai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 168, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "F. Perlindungan Korban KDRT Dalam Peradilan Pidana dan Dalam Undang-Undang No 23 Tahun 2004", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 192, "width": 408, "height": 44, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada suatu tindak pidana terdapat dua komponen pokok yaitu pelaku dan korban. Pada kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dalam pembahasan skripsi ini penulis secara khusus membahas perempuan/istri sebagai korban KDRT yang dilakukan oleh seorang suami. Antara korban dan pelaku kekerasan dalam rumah tangga masih memiliki ikatan sebagai suami istri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 239, "width": 408, "height": 128, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bapak Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti memaparkan perlindungan terhadap istri sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang dilakukan oleh suami akan dilindungi oleh hukum yang berlaku dan akan diproses berdasarkan hukum acara pidana. Dalam hukum pidana saat ini perlindungan terhadap korban ternyata sangat abstrak atau perlindungan secara tidak langsung maksudnya pengaturan perlindungan terhadap korban diatur dalam berbagai aturan perundang-undangan dan tidak memiliki undang-undang yang secara khusus untuk melindungi korban terutama korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Undang-undang yang ada sekarang yang terkait langsung dengan KDRT yaitu undang-undang no 23 tahun 2004. Undang-undang ini menurut penulis sangat lemah karena posisi dari istri sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga kasusnya baru akan diperoses apabila ada pengaduan dari istri atau dari korban. 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 370, "width": 408, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam hukum acara pidana selain diperhatikan hak korban juga diprhatikan hak-hak dari tersangka. Khusus terkait dengan hak dari istri atau korban KDRT KUHAP memperhatikan hak korban dengan cara menggabungkan perkara pidananya dengan perkara gugatan ganti kerugian, jika suatu perbuatan yang menjadi dasar dakwaan didalam suatu pemeriksaan perkara pidana oleh pengadilan negeri menimbulkan kerugian bagi orang lain, maka hakim ketua sidang atas permintaan orang itu dapat menetapkan untuk menggabungkan perkara gugatan ganti rugi kepada perkara pidana itu 19 \".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 453, "width": 387, "height": 45, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perlindungan hukum bagi korban KDRT diatur pada Pasal 16 UUKDRT, antara lain : 1. Dalam waktu 1 x 24 jam terhitung dari sejak mengetahui atau menerima laporan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, kepolisian wajib segera memberikan perlindungan sementara pada korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 501, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Perlindungan sementara sebagaimana yang dimaksud pada ayat 1, diberikan paling lama 7 hari sejak korban diterima atau ditangani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 525, "width": 387, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Dalam waktu 1 x 24 jam terhitung sejak pemberian perlindungan sebagaiman dimaksud pada ayat 1 , kepolisian wajib meminta surat penetapan perintah perlindungan dari pengadilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 560, "width": 408, "height": 45, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bentuk perlindungan yang diberikan terhadap korban tindak pidana kekerasan dalam rumah tangga (UUKDRT), selain dalam pasal 16 sebagaimana yang telah diuraikan di atas, terdapat juga dalam Pasal 17 s/d Pasal 38. secara garis besarnya bentuk perrindungan tersebut dapat saya simpulkan adalah :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 608, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Perlindungan kesehatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 620, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Perlindungan hak untuk mendapat pelayanan dan pendampingan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 632, "width": 264, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Perlindungan pisikologis dalam bentuk bimbingan konseling", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 644, "width": 387, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Dan perlindungan lainnya yang dapat memberikan rasa aman bagi korban. Dimana bentuk perlindungannya dapat disesuaikan dengan kondisi korban dilihat dari segi fisik dan umur korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 708, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "18 wawancara (tanggal 03 agustus 2015) Lalu Arfian Mahfiz, SH., selaku Panitra pengganti", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 719, "width": 91, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "19 pasal 98 ayat 1 KUHAP", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "221", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 227, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "G. Hak-Hak Perempuan Sebagai Korban KDRT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 405, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga seorang perempuan berdasarkan undang- undang berhak mendapatkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 104, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Perlindungan dari pihak keluarga, kepolisian, kejaksaan, pengadilan, advokat, lembaga sosial, atau pihak lainnya baik sementara maupun berdasarkan penetapan perintah perlindungan dari pengadilan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 140, "width": 202, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Pelayanan kesehatan sesuai kebutuhan medis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 152, "width": 282, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Penanganan secara khusus berkaitan dengan kerahasiaan korban", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 164, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Pendampingan oleh pekerja sosial dan bantuan hukum pada setiap tingkat proses pemeriksaan sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 187, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Pelayanan bimbingan rohani.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 199, "width": 262, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam UU PKDRT Pemerintah mempunyai kewajiban, yaitu :", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 211, "width": 200, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Merumuskan kebijakan penghapusan KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 223, "width": 306, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Menyelenggarakan komunikasi, informasi dan edukasi tentang KDRT", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 235, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Menyelenggarakan sosialisasi dan advokasi tentang KDRT; dan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 247, "width": 387, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Menyelenggarakan pendidikan dan pelatihan sensitif jender, dan isu KDRT serta menetapkan standard dan akreditasi pelayanan yang sensitif jender.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 271, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Masalah kekerasan dalam rumah tangga telah mendapatkan perlindungan hukum dalam Undang-undang Nomor 23 tahun 2004 yang antara lain menegaskan bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 294, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Setiap warga negara berhak mendapatkan rasa aman dan bebes dari segala bentuk kekerasan sesuai dengan falsafah Pancasila dan Undang-undang Republik Indonesia tahun 1945.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 330, "width": 387, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Segala bentuk kekerasan, terutama Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga merupakan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia, dan kejahatan terhadap martabat kemanusiaan sefta bentuk deskriminasi yang harus dihapus.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 123, "top": 366, "width": 387, "height": 45, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang kebanyakan adalah perempuan, hal itu harus mendapatkan perlindungan dari Negara dan/atau masyarakat agar terhindar dan terbebas dari kekerasan atau ancaman kekerasan, penyiksaan, atau perlakuan yang merendahkan derajat dan martabat kemanusiaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 430, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 442, "width": 59, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "A. Simpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 455, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan pembahasan pada bab III dan bab IV diatas penulis dapat meyimpulkan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 479, "width": 408, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap istri secara fisik dan psikis sebagai korban kekerasan dalam rumah tangga antara lain sudah ditentukan dalam undang-undang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 515, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Perlindungan kesehatan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 526, "width": 280, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Perlindungan hak untuk mendapat pelayanan dan pendampingan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 538, "width": 264, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Perlindungan pisikologis dalam bentuk bimbingan konseling", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 550, "width": 321, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Dan perlindungan lainnya yang dapat memberikan rasa aman bagi korban.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 562, "width": 394, "height": 33, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Perlindungan juga diberikan oleh pihak kepolisian dalam bentuk perlindungan sementara dan juga perlindungan diberikan oleh pihak pengadilan dalam bentuk menerbitkan surat perintah perlindungan terhadap korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 598, "width": 409, "height": 116, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Bentuk Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) baik berupa kekerasan fisik dan psikis, kekerasan seksual, kekerasan ekonomis. Kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri merupakan delik aduan bukan delik biasa dalam arti bahwa kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga yang korbannya adalah istri dan pelakunya adalah suami baru diproses secara pidana apabila ada pengaduan dari istri sebgaai korban kepada kepolisian baik dilakukan sendiri maupun memberikan kuasa kepada orang lain. Pihak suami yang melakukan kekerasan terhadap istri baik kekerasan fisik, fsikis, seksual dan ekonomis baru digolongkan sebagai perbuatan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga apabila kekerasan itu dilakukan didalam rumah dimana tempat mereka tinggal. Namun apabila hal itu dilakukan diluar rumah maka tidak termasuk ke dalam kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 276, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 37, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jurnal Valid", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 37, "width": 226, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Valid Valid Valid V ol. 13 No. 2, April 2016 : 211 - 222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 747, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "P erlindungan Hukum Terhadap ... (Johan)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 491, "top": 37, "width": 17, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "222", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 69, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "B. Saran-saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 80, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dari hasil analisa penulis terhadap ketentuan Undang-undang KDRT terhadap perlindungan hukum kepada istri sebagai korban KDRT masih sangat lemah dan belum maksimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 104, "width": 394, "height": 57, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Untuk istri yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga sebainya melaporkan ke pihak berwajib agar bisa diproses secra hukum, karena jika tidak melaporkan kekerasan yang menimpanya maka perbuatan dari suami tersebut tentu tidak akan diproses secara pidana, hal ini berarti akan sulit UU KDRT untuk diterapkan karena delik atau perbuatan pidana yang dilakukan oleh suami terhadap istri merupakan delik aduan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 164, "width": 394, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Penulis memberikan saran atau rekomendasi kepada pihak yang terkait agar meninjau ulang atau menyempurnakan Undang-undang KDRT karena masih terdapat kelemahan- kelemahan terutama pasal-pasal yang menyangkut istri sebagai korban KDRT. Apabila dianalisa UUKDRT yang ada sekarang lebih banyak berpihak dan melindungi pihak suami sebagai pelaku KDRT. Dengan demikian pemerintah harus lebih berbuat adil dengan cara merubah bebetrapa pasal yang terdapat pada UUKDRT yang ada sekarang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 98, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 103, "top": 272, "width": 343, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Anshary H.M. (2010) Hukum Perkawinan Indonesia Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta. Dendy Sugiono , (2008) . Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia . Jakarta: Pusat Bahasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 296, "width": 405, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fakih, Mansour, (1998), Diskriminasi dan Beban Kerja Perempuan: Perspektif Gender, Yogyakarta: CIDESINDO.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 320, "width": 405, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hartono, C.F.G. Sunaryati, (1991), Politik Hukum Menuju Satu Sistem Hukum Nasional , Bandung: Alumni.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 344, "width": 407, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hardijan Rusli , ( 2006 )“Metode Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Bagaimana?”, Law Review Fakultas Hukum Universitas Pelita Harapan, Volume V No. 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 368, "width": 408, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indonesia, Pasal 28G ayat (1) Undang-Undang Dasar Negara RI Tahun 1945 Perubahan. Indonesia, Pasal 28H ayat (2) hak mendapat kemudahan dan perlakuan khusus Indonesia, Undang-Undang No. 1 tahun 1974 Pasal 1 Tentang Perkawinan Indonesia , Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2004 Tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga Indonesia, Dokumentasi (WCC,2012) UU RI No 23 Tahun 2004, Pasal 1 ayat 3 tentang penghapusan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 439, "width": 408, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kansil , , (2010) Latihan Ujian Pengantar Ilmu Hukum Untuk Perguruan Tinggi . Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 464, "width": 407, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peter Mahmud Marzuki, (2009). Penelitian Hukum, Jakarta : Kencana Prenada Media Group. Philips M. Hadjon, (1987) Perlindungan Hukum Cet. Ke 2 (Yogyakarta : Gadjah Mada University Press .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 499, "width": 408, "height": 21, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Soerjono Soekanto dan Sri Mamudji, (2009). Penelitian Hukum Normatif Suatu Tinjauan Singkat, Cetakan ke – 11. Jakarta : PT Raja Grafindo Persada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 523, "width": 290, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Zahirin Harahap (2001), Beberapa Asoek Sosiologi Hukum, Bandung.", "type": "Text" } ]

01c08a8b-b77e-5574-3943-b564ef17fd1c

https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/706/568

[ { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 105, "top": 57, "width": 255, "height": 56, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 3 Nomor 2 Tahun 2023 Page 3428-3443 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 119, "width": 281, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 165, "width": 407, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Penerjemahan Hakikat Kedaulatan Rakyat Melalui Pemilihan Umum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 156, "top": 228, "width": 300, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Ujang Charda S 1 ✉ , Hari Nazarudin 2 , Yudha Adi Kusumah 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 254, "width": 192, "height": 54, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(1) Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Subang (2) Anggota KPU Kabupaten Subang (3) Staf Bawaslu Kabupaten Subang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 238, "top": 311, "width": 153, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 379, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 66, "top": 397, "width": 462, "height": 228, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan rakyat menggambarkan suatu sistem dalam sebuah negara yang menghendaki kekuasaan tertinggi dipegang oleh rakyat. Kedaulatan rakyat juga menggambarkan pemenuhan kehendak umum yang tidak hanya berkaitan dengan hal-hal penyelenggaraan kekuasaan pemerintah dan peradilan, tetapi juga kekuasaan dalam pembentukan peraturan. Adapun metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah bersifat deskriptif analistis dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui tahap penelitian kepustakaan dan lapangan dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi pustaka. Kemudian data dianalisis melalui metode normatif kualitatif tanpa mempergunakan angka- angka dan rumus secara matematis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa Pemilu merupakan sarana untuk menyalurkan kedaulatan rakyat yang dijamin konstitusi. Pemilu menjunjung tinggi semangat langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil untuk memilih Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota, sehingga rakyat sebagai pemiliki kedaulatan tertinggi memiliki andil untuk membentuk suatu pemerintahan. Rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi harus aktif dalam mensukseskan perhelatan pemilu pada setiap pemilu yang dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 628, "width": 274, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kata Kunci: Hakikat, Kedaulatan Rakyat, Pemilihan Umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 259, "top": 377, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 402, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilihan umum (selanjutnya disebut pemilu) merupakan sarana pelaksanaan dari kedaulatan rakyat yang diatur dalam UUD 1945 yang dalam penerapan demokrasi tidak langsung, sistem demokrasi perwakilan sebagai hal yang tidak dapat dielakkan, sehingga pemilu yang menjunjung tinggi semangat langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil merupakan sarana regenerasi kepemimpinan politik untuk menjalankan pemerintahan, baik di tingkat pusat maupun daerah. Rakyat sebagai pemilik kedaulatan tertinggi menyerahkan kedaulatannya kepada lembaga negara, seperti Presiden, DPR, DPD, dan DPRD melalui pemilu. Pasca perubahan UUD 1945 terjadi pergeseran dalam pengaturan kedaulatan rakyat, seperti MPR tidak lagi sebagai pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat, pelaksanan pemilihan presiden langsung oleh rakyat, hingga munculnya Mahkamah Konstitusi yang dapat mengadili dan memutus presiden dan wakil presiden untuk berhenti dalam masa jabatannya. Semua ini merupakan upaya untuk menegakkan kedaulatan rakyat dan sekaligus untuk menjaga kedaulatan rakyat itu berdasarkan UUD 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 617, "width": 509, "height": 167, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Penjelmaan kedaulatan rakyat pada UUD 1945 setelah perubahan berarti penjelmaan kedaulatan rakyat itu dalam ketentuan-ketentuan UUD 1945 sebagai implikasi yuridis ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945, bukan seperti sebelum perubahan yang dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh MPR (Asshiddiqie, 1999). UUD 1945 setelah perubahan menetukan, bahwa semua lembaga atau organ negara melaksanakan kedaulatan rakyat, tidak hanya MPR saja sebagai lembaga tertinggi negara seperti sebelumnya. Kedaulatan rakyat diwujudkan dalam tiga cabang kekuasaaan yang tercermin dalam Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat yang terdiri atas Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah sebagai pemegang kekuasaan legislatif, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden sebagai pemegang kekuasaan eksekutif, dan Mahkamah Agung dan Mahkamah Konstitusi sebagai pemegang kekuasaan yudikatif. Dalam menentukan kebijakan pokok pemerintahan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 88, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 105, "width": 472, "height": 211, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sovereignty of the people describes a system in a country that wants the highest power to be held by the people. Sovereignty of the people also describes the fulfillment of the general will which is not only related to matters relating to the administration of government and judicial power, but also the power in forming regulations. The research method used is analytical descriptive with a normative juridical approach through the library and field research stages with data collection techniques through literature study. Then the data were analyzed through qualitative normative methods without using numbers and mathematical formulas. Based on the results of the research, it shows that elections are a means to channel people's sovereignty guaranteed by the constitution. Elections uphold the spirit of being direct, general, free, confidential, honest and fair to elect a President and Vice President, members of the DPR, DPD, Provincial DPRD and Regency/Municipal DPRD, so that the people as the possessors of supreme sovereignty have a stake in forming a government. The people as the holder of the highest sovereignty must be active in the success of the election event in every election that is held.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 318, "width": 303, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Keyword: Essence, Sovereignty Of The People, General Elections.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 110, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "mengatur ketentuan-ketentuan hukum berupa Undang-Undang Dasar dan undang-undang dan juga dalam menjalankan fungsi pengawasan terhadap jalannya pemerintahan, dilangsungkanlah suatu perlembagaan kedaulatan rakyat melalui pemilu berdasarkan sistem perwakilan yang menghadirkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan Dewan Perwakilan Daerah. Bahkan juga di daerah-daerah provinsi dan kabupaten/kota, perlembagaan kedaulatan rakyat itu disalurkan melalui sistem perwakilan sehingga menghadirkan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah yang juga diisi melalui pemilihan umum (Asshiddique, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 195, "width": 510, "height": 185, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Hasil dari pemilu itulah yang kemudian mengisi jabatan-jabatan kelembagaan negara yang menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat dalam bentuk kedaulatan hukum. Hanya saja dalam proses menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat itu, semua lembaga negara haruslah tunduk pada ketentuan-ketentuan Undang-Undang Dasar sebagai implikasi dari supremasi konstitusi sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945. Tidak hanya itu saja, segala ketentuan yang berada dalam UUD 1945 sejatinya adalah amanat pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat namun tetap tidak dapat bertentangan dengan kedaulatan rakyat itu sendiri. Artinya apabila rakyat menghendaki untuk merubah ketentuan-ketentuan dalam UUD Tahun 1945, maka kehendak rakyat ini harus dipandang sebagai kehendak hukum ataupun kedaulatan di bidang hukum (volunte general) yang harus disalurkan dan tidak boleh dikesampingkan, karena UUD 1945 juga telah memberi peluang untuk melakukan perubahan terhadapnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 391, "width": 509, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Inilah penegasan kembali terhadap pelaksanaan sistem konstitusional berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar, yaitu pelaksanaan kedulatan rakyat yang disalurkan dan diselenggarakan menurut prosedur konstitusional yang ditetapkan dalam hukum dan konstitusi (constitutional democracy) ataupun disebutkan sebagai negara demokrasi yang berdasarkan hukum dan negara hukum yang demokratis, beriringannya konsep demokrasi dan nomokrasi (Asshiddique, 2005). Ihwal ini dikarenakan kedaulatan rakyat itu terwujud juga dalam hukum selain terwujud juga dalam lembaga-lembaga negara sebagaimana telah diuraikan di atas. Oleh karena itu, lembaga-lembaga tinggi negara yang melaksanakan kedaulatan rakyat secara kehendak hukum (volunte generale) tetap tidak boleh melanggar prinsip kedaulatan rakyat (Asshiddique, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 584, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 609, "width": 509, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif, yaitu dengan menginventarisasi, mengkaji dan menganalisis serta memahami hukum sebagai perangkat peraturan atau norma-norma positif di dalam sistem perundang-undangan yang mengatur mengenai kehidupan manusia. Spesifikasi Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif analitis yang merupakan penelitian untuk menggambarkan alur komunikasi ilmiah dan menganalisa masalah yang ada yang akan disajikan secara deskriptif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, antara lain mencakup bahan-bahan pustaka yang terkait penelitian, data sekunder yang mencakup bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Kemudian dilakukan pengumpulan data yang dilakukan melalui studi pustaka melalui penelaahan terhadap bahan-bahan pustaka yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti, selanjutnya data dianalisis secara normatif-kualitatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 779, "width": 140, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 194, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "1. Hakikat Kedaulatan dalam UUD 1945", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 93, "width": 509, "height": 129, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan itu ialah suatu pengertian yang dalam bahasa Belanda disebut souvereinteit (Busro & Busro, 1991), souverainete (Perancis), atau Sovranus (Italia) (Syahmin AK, 1992). Di samping itu, ada istilah berdaulat (souverein) adalah van geen hoger gezag afhankelijk adalah kekuasaan yang tertinggi yang tidak berasal dan tidak tergantung pada kekuasaan lain) (Syahmin AK, 1992). Kedaulatan dalam bahasa Latin disebut dengan supremus sama dengan supreme ruler yang berarti mempunyai pengertian “yang teratas” (Suherman, 1984). Kata daulat dalam pemerintahan berasal dari kata Daulah (Arab) yang berarti rezim politik atau kekuasaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 232, "width": 509, "height": 129, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan atau souvereignity adalah ciri atau atribut hukum dari negara, dan sebagai atribut negara sudah lama ada, bahkan ada yang berpendapat, bahwa souvereignity itu mungkin lebih tua dari konsep negara itu sendiri. Kedaulatan merupakan suatu hak eksklusif untuk menguasai suatu wilayah pemerintahan dan masyarakat. Dalam hukum konstitusi dan internasional, konsep kedaulatan terkait dengan suatu pemerintahan yang memiliki kendali penuh urusan dalam negerinya sendiri dalam suatu wilayah atau batas teritorial atau geografisnya, dan dalam konteks tertentu terkait dengan berbagai organisasi atau lembaga yang memiliki yurisdiksi hukum sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 372, "width": 510, "height": 375, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Di dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 dan pasal-pasalnya menegaskan, bahwa Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia merupakan negara kesatuan territorial integrity, yang mengutamakan prinsip teritorialitas sebagai acuan utama (Atmasasmita, 2008). Indonesia adalah salah satu negara yang menganut teori kedaulatan rakyat, hal itu terlihat dalam Pembukaan UUD 1945 yang berbunyi : “... susunan negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat ....”. Selanjutnya dijelaskan pula dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 yang bunyinya : “Kedaulatan adalah di tangan rakyat dan dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat”, kemudian diuba h menjadi “Kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang -Undang Dasar”. Menurut Soewoto, “MPR yang pada awalnya dipahami sebagai pemegang mandat sepenuhnya dari rakyat, ” (Mulyosudarmo, 2004) telah bergeser ke arah pada pemahaman MPR tidak lagi sebagai pemegang mandat tertinggi, melainkan mandat tersebut dilaksanakan menurut Undang-Undang Dasar. Mandat rakyat yang dimaksud dapat dijalankan oleh cabang-cabang kekuasaan negara berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar. Perubahan rumusan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 tersebut membawa kosekuensi dan implikasi yang signifikan terhadap fungsi dan kewenangan dari lembaga negara, terutama pada lembaga MPR yang dulu sebagai pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat sepenuhnya. Dengan demikian, sekarang MPR tidak lagi sebagai satu- satunya lembaga yang melakukan kedaulatan rakyat. Pemilu tidak lepas dari kedaulatan rakyat dalam menjamin kebebasan warga negaranya dalam menentukan suatu pemerintahan rakyat harus terwakili di dalam pemerintahan agar valonte generale (kehendak umum) dapat terwujud. Berarti rakyatlah yang berdaulat mewakili kekuasaannya kepada suatu badan, yaitu pemerintah. Jika pemerintah tidak melaksanakan tugas dan kewajibannya yang dibebankan rakyak padanya, maka rakyat melalui Pemilu berhak untuk mengganti pemerintah yang dipilih (Soehino, 1996).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 758, "width": 509, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan rakyat menurut konstitusi dalam hal ini adalah UUD yang dapat dijadikan rujukan mengenai sistem politik yang dikehendaki oleh para founding fathers Indonesia (Riskiyono, 2019). Pertama, alenia keempat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 243, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "pembukaan UUD 1945 menyatakan : “Kemerdekaan Kebangsaan Indonesia …. yang terbentuk dalam suatu susunan Negara Republik Indonesia yang berkedaulatan rakyat….” . Kedua, Sila keempat Pancasila, yaitu “Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam Permusyawaratan Perwakilan”. Ketiga, Ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945, menyatakan : “Kedaulatan berada di tangan rakyat dan dilaksanakan menurut Undang- Undang Dasar”. Perubahan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 menunjukkan terjadinya pemikiran baru tentang kedaulatan rakyat dalam UUD 1945, yaitu pemikiran tentang siapa yang sebenarnya bertindak sebagai pelaksana kekuasaan tertinggi. Soewoto Mulyosudarmo menyatakan : “Perubahan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945 merupakan perubahan menuju sebuah kondisi yang mencerminkan keadaan yang sebenarnya tentang pengaturan kekuasaan tertinggi, ” bahwa pemilik kekuasaan tertinggi dalam negara adalah rakyat (Mulyosudarmo, 2004). Pemikiran baru terhadap pelaksana kedaulatan dalam UUD 1945 juga sekaligus diikuti dengan perubahan cara rakyat memberikan mandat terhadap penyelenggara negara. Mandat yang diberikan rakyat kepada penyelenggara kekuasaan negara seperti DPR, DPD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden semuanya dipilih secara langsung melalui pemilihan umum.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 328, "width": 509, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Lahirnya Pemilu setelah runtuhnya rezim orde baru, tidak lepas dari hasil perubahan UUD khususnya ketentuan Pasal 22E UUD 1945 sebagai pijakan konstitusional lahirnya Undang-Undang Pemilu, yang menyatakan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 391, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“ (1) Pemilihan umum dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil setiap lima tahun sekali.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 429, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(2) Pemilihan umum diselenggarakan untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 467, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(3) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat dan anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah adalah partai politik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 505, "width": 484, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(4) Peserta pemilihan umum untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah adalah Perseorangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 524, "width": 480, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(5) Pemilihan umum diselenggarakan oleh suatu komisi pemilihan umum yang bersifat nasional, tetap, dan mandiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 69, "top": 562, "width": 397, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "(6) Ketentuan lebih lanjut tentang pemilihan umum diatur dengan undang-undang ”.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 41, "top": 587, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilihan umum adalah mekanisme yang digunakan untuk memberikan mandat kepada penyelenggara negara sebagai pelaksana kekuasaan negara. Pemilihan umum yang digunakan untuk memberikan mandat kepada penyelenggara negara sebagai pelaksana kekuasaan negara tersebut tanpa melihat bagaimana sistem yang diterapkan dalam pemilihan umum. Adapun, untuk menilai apakah pemilihan umum itu benar-benar telah dijadikan sebagai media pelaksana kedaulatan rakyat dapat dilihat dari sistem yang diterapkan. Pemahaman tentang rakyat dalam kedaulatan rakyat berarti kekuasaan tertinggi ada pada rakyat, dan menempatkan kekuasaan tertinggi ada pada rakyat. Ajaran kedaulatan rakyat sebagai ajaran yang terakhir dipraktekkan pada negara-negara modern mendapatkan tempat yang baik, karena ajaran kedaulatan rakyat dapat dianggap sebagai ajaran yang terbaik selain ajaran kedaulatan yang lainnya. Oleh karena rakyat berdaulat atau berkuasa, maka segala aturan dan kekuasaan yang dijalankan oleh negara tidak boleh bertentangan dengan kehendak rakyat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 334, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "2. Kedaulatan Rakyat Diterjemahkan Melalui Sistem Pemilihan Umum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 41, "top": 93, "width": 509, "height": 148, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kedaulatan rakyat menggambarkan suatu sistem dalam sebuah negara yang menghendaki kekuasaan tertinggi dipegang oleh rakyat (Ridho, 2017). Kedaulatan rakyat juga menggambarkan pemenuhan kehendak umum yang tidak hanya berkaitan dengan hal-hal penyelenggaraan kekuasaan pemerintah dan peradilan, tetapi juga kekuasaan dalam pembentukan peraturan (Nugroho, 2013). Selanjutnya, konsep kedaulatan rakyat diterjemahkan melalui sistem Pemilihan Umum (Pemilu), di mana menghendaki suatu pejabat publik sebagai representatif atau perwakilan rakyat (Hadi, 2013). Pemilu menjadi sarana bagi rakyat dalam menegosiasikan dan mengagregasikan aspirasi dan kepentingannya (Eddyono, 2017), sehingga Pemilu bukan sekedar partisipasi tetapi implementasi prinsip kedaulatan rakyat (Nasution, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 252, "width": 509, "height": 71, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Di lain sisi, kedaulatan rakyat merupakan sumber utama dari kekuasaan yang dimiliki negara, maka regulasi tentang Pemilu hendaklah memiliki karakter hukum yang bermartabat dan demokratis (Sodikin, 2014). Berdasarkan Pasal 1 angka 1 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum menjelaskan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 334, "width": 481, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“ Pemilihan Umum yang selanjutnya disebut Pemilu adalah sarana kedaulatan rakyat untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, anggota Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, dan untuk memilih anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, yang dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 ”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 435, "width": 509, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan ketentuan di atas, Pemilu dapat dimaknai sebagai salah satu sarana media agar mewujudkan relasi yang demokratis antara rakyat dengan negara (pemerintahan) (Puspitasari, 2004). Salah satu instrumen negara terkait perwakilan rakyat ialah lingkup kekuasaan legislatif, di mana bertugas untuk membentuk sebuah regulasi yang bermanfaat bagi hajat hidup seluruh rakyat Indonesia (Fahmi, 2010). Dalam sistem hukum Indonesia, kehendak yang pertama atau kedaulatan politik itu disalurkan melalui pemilihan umum yang dilaksanakan secara periodik setiap 5 (lima) tahun sekali. Hasil dari pemilihan umum itulah yang kemudian mengisi jabatan-jabatan kelembagaan negara yang menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat dalam bentuk kedaulatan hukum. Hanya saja dalam proses menjalankan kedaulatan rakyat itu, semua lembaga negara haruslah tunduk pada ketentuan-ketentuan Undang-Undang Dasar sebagai implikasi dari supremasi konstitusi sesuaidengan ketentuan Pasal 1 ayat (2) UUD 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 631, "width": 509, "height": 147, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sekarang ini, negara yang berkedaulatan rakyat, sudah menjadi konsep yang diterima oleh kebanyakan negara. Negara dengan kekuasaan mutlak dianggap sebagai usaha yang tidak realistis karena negara tidak akan mendapat dukungan luas dari rakyat. Dewasa ini, hampir semua negara modern menganut prinsip kedaulatan rakyat yang dimodifikasi berdasarkan sistem perwakilan. Hal itu, diartikan suatu negara harus bertindak atas dasar keinginan dan kekuasaan rakyat, yang penyelenggaraannya diwakilkan kepada kelompok orang atau lembaga tertentu. Rakyat yang berdaulat mewakilkan kepada wakil-wakilnya untuk menyelenggarakan pemerintahan, dan wakil-wakil rakyat menjalankan kekuasaannya harus sesuai dengan kehendak rakyat, tetapi kehendak rakyat yang baik bukan kehendak yang tidak baik. Kedaulatan rakyat yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 91, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "berarti rakyat yang berkuasa, oleh karena rakyat suatu negara yakni kumpulan manusia yang mempunyai persamaan antara lain persamaan asal usul, persamaan kehormatan/perasaan, persamaan daerah tempat tinggal atau pencarian rezeki, persamaan kepentingan atau kebutuhan, persamaan pikiran atau maksud. Rakyat yang berkumpul dan hidup bersama merasa perlu memilih pemimpin atau wakilnya mereka secara bersama untuk menentukan kehidupan mereka bersama, sehingga dilaksanakanlah pemilihan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 176, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pelaksanaan kedaulatan yang dicetuskan oleh para pendiri bangsa tersebut tentu saja melalui pemilihan umum. Pemilihan umum yang dimaksud adalah pemilihan untuk memilih anggota DPR, sehingga tidak mengenal pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, apalagi pemilihan Kepala Daerah. Hal ini dimaksudkan melalui demokrasi perwakilan yang bercirikan pada budaya bangsa dan nilai-nilai luhur bangsa, maka wakil-wakil rakyat tersebut dapat memilih pemimpin di negeri ini. Meskipun demikian, tidak kemudian pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat tersebut tidak demokratis, karena melihat kenyataan bangsa Indonesia yang bernegara dengan memperhatikan kepentingan masyarakat dan bangsa agar kehendak rakyat dapat diwujudkan dengan memperhatikan nilai-nilai luhur dan kehidupan masyarakat yang berkumpul demi kepentingan bersama bangsa. Melihat pro dan kontra Undang-Undang tetang Pemilihan Kepala Daerah, yaitu pemilihan kepala daerah dipilih oleh DPRD sebenarnya sudah lebih demokrasi, karena demokrasi yang dipakai adalah demokrasi berlandaskan Pancasila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 391, "width": 509, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Demokrasi Pancasila dengan mengutamakan kepentingan bersama dengan asas perwakilan, musyawarah dan kekeluargaan yang harus diutamakan dalam membangun bangsa ini, sehingga nilai-nilai Pancasila masih tetap bertahan meskipun arus globalisasi dengan membawa liberalisasi yang begitu kuat masuk dan meresap dalam kehidupan berbangsa, bernegara dan bermasyarakat. Oleh karena itu, apabila ada anggapan bahwa pemilihan kepala daerah melalui DPRD tidak demokratis, tidaklah demikian karena makna demokrasi yang sekarang dijalankan banyak menyerap demokrasi Barat, sehingga seolah-olah mengurangi hak rakyat dalam hal penyampaian aspirasinya. Pemilihan Kepala Daerah menurut Pancasila dan UUD 1945 masih demokratis sebagaimana cita-cita luhur para pendiri bangsa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 549, "width": 510, "height": 224, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara demokrasi melalui Pemilu harus memperhatikan nilai-nilai demokrasi salah satu di antaranya, seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Hendry B. Mayo sebagaimana dikutip oleh Mariam Budiharjo, adalah “menyelenggarakan pergantian pimpinan secara teratur (orderly succession of rulers) ” (Budiharjo, 2009). Dalam memahami kepemiluan, terdapat dua pemahaman mendasar, yaitu electroral process dan electroral laws (Riskiyono, 2019). Pengertian electroral process adalah mekanisme yang dijalankan dalam Pemilu seperti pencalonan, kampanye, cara penghitungan, penentuan hasil, dan sebagainya yang sifatnya teknis penyelenggaraan Pemilu sebagai sebuah proses. Sebagaimana ditulis Indra Pahlevi, mengutip dari Douglas W. Rae menyatakan, bahwa electroral laws atau aturan-aturan tentang kepemiluan merupakan sebuah wadah bagi pengelolaan proses Pemilu yang diartikulasikan dalam bentuk suara yang kemudian diterjemahkan ke dalam distribusi kewenangan (secara khusus pembagian kursi parlemen) di antara Parpol yang ikut berkompetisi (Pahlevi, 2015). Terdapat beberapa aspek dalam electroral laws, yaitu : sistem pemilu, asas-asas pemilu, dan pengorganisasian (Riskiyono, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 224, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Hakikat dari pemilihan umum adalah penentuan legitimasi kekuasaan berdasarkan sistem demokrasi yakni, pemilihan umum merefleksikan persetujuan mayoritas rakyat terhadap siapa yanglayak menjadi anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD, pasangan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, pasangan Gubernur dan wakil Gubernur, pasangan Bupati dan wakil Bupati, serta pasangan Wali Kota dan wakil Wali Kota. Pemimpin tidak ditunjuk atau diwariskan menurut garis keturunan. Maka, tujuan pemilihan umum adalah pelaksanaan kedaulatan rakyat berdasarkan UUD Negara Republik Indonesia 1945 yakni, melaksanakan hak asasi politik rakyat dalam menentukan para wakilnya di DPR, DPD, dan DPRD serta pemimpin pemerintahan di tingkat nasional, provinsi, kabupaten, dan kota. Kita boleh berbangga karena pelaksanaan pemilu di era reformasi berjalan secara baik dan karena itu pasca pemilu presiden 2014 Indonesia dijuluki sebagai the raising democratic country dalam Abad 21 ini. Tidak hanya pemilu presiden dan wakil presiden 2014 tetapi juga pemilu legislatif dan pemilukada selama ini berjalan relatif baik (dan dilihat dari persiapan oleh Komisi pemilihan Umum (KPU), Badan Pengawas Pemilu (Bawaslu), dan Kepolisian Negara serta serta artisipasi masyarakat pada pemilukada serentak 2024.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 309, "width": 509, "height": 166, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Perwujudan kedaulatan rakyat dalam Pemilu dilaksanakan melalui pemilihan sebagai sarana bagi rakyat untuk memilih pemimpin melalui Pilkada dan Pemilu serentak dengan menggabungkan pasangan Calon Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, karena rakyat sebagai penentu legalitas (keabsahan) berlangsungnya pengakhiran pemerintahan lama kepada pemerintahan baru terpilih dilakukan secara konstitusional (Prasetyo, 2017) dalam sejarah bangsa Indonesia penyelenggaraan Pemilu sudah dimulai dari tahun 1955 dilaksanakan pada masa pemerintahan kabinet Burhanuddin Abdullah, dari Pemilu yang direncanakan tahun 1948 di massa revolusi oleh kabinet pemerintahan sebelumnya tidak berhasil pada Pemilu 1955 dikenal sebagai Pemilu yang lancar, tertib, aman, dan tidak menimbulkan korban di tengah-tengah persaingan politik ketat di antara belasan partai politik peserta Pemilu (Feith, 1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 486, "width": 509, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilu selanjutnya diselenggarakan di masa rezim pemerintahan orde baru dari 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992, dan 1997 orde baru mempertahankan mesin politik Golkar selalu mendominasi perolehan suara pada setiap Pemilu diselenggarakan. Setelah masuk reformasi Pemilu telah diadakan dari tahun 1999, 2004, 2009, dan 2014 setidaknya Indonesia telah berpengalaman 11 (sebelas) kali dalam menyelenggarakan Pemilu. Pemilu di antara tahun 2004, 2009, dan 2014 dibedakan dengan adanya Pemilu legislatif (Pileg) memilih anggota DPR, DPD, dan DPRD Provinsi, Kabupaten/Kota dan Pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden secara langsung (Pilpres), namun di tahun 2019 antara Pileg dan Pilpres digabung menjadi satu yang populer dikenal publik Pemilu serentak yang akan dilaksanakan dalam Pemilu mendatang, Pemilu adalah sarana kedaulatan rakyat untuk memilih anggota DPR, anggota DPD, Presiden dan Wakil Presiden dan untuk memilih anggota DPRD, yang dilaksanakan secara langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur, dan adil dalam negara kesatuan republik Indonesia berdasarkan Pancasila dan UUD 1945.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 701, "width": 509, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pencalonan pasangan calon presiden dan wakil presiden bukan berarti dibuka sebebas-bebasnya secara konstitusi mengatur pancalonan presiden dan wakil presiden diusulkan oleh partai politik atau gabungan partai politik dengan persyaratan yang diatur dalam undang-undang (Pasal 6A ayat (2) UUD 1945.). Pengaturan mengenai persyaratan pencalonan presidan dan wakil presiden ini sepenuhnya menjadi kebijakan politik terbuka (open legal policy) yang dimiliki oleh DPR. DPR sebagai lembaga pemegang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 41, "top": 74, "width": 509, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "kewenangan legislasi bersama presiden mengatur dalam undang-undang ihwal syarat suara minimal bagi partai atau gabungan partai untuk mencalonkan presiden dan wakil presiden (presidential threshold) yang besarannya dapat dilihat pada matriks di bawah ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 131, "width": 36, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 151, "width": 489, "height": 309, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pengaturan Presidential Threshold Pemilu Undang-Undang Presidential Threshold 2004 Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 15% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 20% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR 2009 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 20% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 25% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR 2014 Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Presiden dan Wakil Presiden 20% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 25% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR 2019 Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum 20% dari jumlah kursi DPR atau 25% dari perolehan suara sah secara nasional dalam pemilu anggota DPR yang didapatkan pada pemilu sebelumnya yaitu Pemilu anggota DPR", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 321, "top": 465, "width": 55, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "tahun 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 491, "width": 119, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : (Rikardo, 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 516, "width": 509, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pada Pemilu Tahun 2009 diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, diatur parliamentary threshold merupakan mekanisme ambang batas bagi Partai Politik peserta Pemilu untuk diikutkan pada penghitungan perolehan suara sah guna memperebutkan kuota kursi di Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat berdasarkan Pasal 202 ayat (1) berbunyi (Itasari, 2013):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 618, "width": 481, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“ Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara sekurang-kurangnya 2,5% (dua koma lima perseratus) dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi DPR” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 681, "width": 509, "height": 33, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Selanjutnya berdasarkan Pasal 203 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008 mengatur, bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 725, "width": 480, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Suara untuk penghitungan per olehan kursi DPR di suatu daerah pemilihan ialah jumlah suara sah seluruh Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu dikurangi jumlah suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu yang tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara ... ” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 277, "top": 74, "width": 37, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 142, "top": 99, "width": 307, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Perolehan Suara Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu DPR RI Tahun 2009", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 120, "width": 443, "height": 424, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 1. Partai Demokrat 21.703.137 20,85% 150 26,79% 2. Partai Golongan Karya 15.037.757 14,45% 107 19,11% 3. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan 14.600.091 14,03% 95 16,96% 4. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera 8.206.955 7,88% 57 10,18% 5. Partai Amanat Nasional 6.254.580 6,01% 43 7,68% 6. Partai Persatuan Pembangunan 5.533.214 5,32% 37 6,61% 7. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa 5.146.122 4,94% 27 4,82% 8. Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya 4.646.406 4,46% 26 4,64% 9. Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat 3.922.870 3,77% 18 3,21% 10. Partai Bulan Bintang 1.864.752 1,79% 0 0,00% 11. Partai Damai Sejahtera 1.541.592 1,48% 0 0,00% 12. Partai Kebangkitan Nasional Ulama 1.527.593 1,47% 0 0,00% 13. Partai Karya Peduli Bangsa 1.461.182 1,40% 0 0,00% 14. Partai Bintang Reformasi 1.264.333 1,21% 0 0,00% 15. Partai Peduli Rakyat Nasional 1.260.794 1,21% 0 0,00% 16. Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia 934.892 0,90% 0 0,00% 17. Partai Demokrasi Pembaruan 896.660 0,86% 0 0,00% 18. Partai Barisan Nasional 761.086 0,73% 0 0,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 75, "width": 443, "height": 520, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 19. Partai Pengusaha dan Pekerja Indonesia 745.625 0,72% 0 0,00% 20. Partai Demokrasi Kebangsaan 671.244 0,64% 0 0,00% 21. Partai Republika Nusantara 630.780 0,61% 0 0,00% 22. Partai Persatuan Daerah 550.581 0,53% 0 0,00% 23. Partai Patriot 547.351 0,53% 0 0,00% 24. Partai Nasional Benteng Kerakyatan Indonesia 468.696 0,45% 0 0,00% 25. Partai Kedaulatan 437.121 0,42% 0 0,00% 26. Partai Matahari Bangsa 414.750 0,40% 0 0,00% 27. Partai Pemuda Indonesia 414.043 0,40% 0 0,00% 28. Partai Karya Perjuangan 351.440 0,34% 0 0,00% 29. Partai Pelopor 342.914 0,33% 0 0,00% 30. Partai Kasih Demokrasi Indonesia 324.553 0,31% 0 0,00% 31. Partai Indonesia Sejahtera 320.665 0,31% 0 0,00% 32. Partai Nasional Indonesia Marhaenisme 316.752 0,30% 0 0,00% 33. Partai Buruh 265.203 0,25% 0 0,00% 34. Partai Perjuangan Indonesia Baru 197.371 0,19% 0 0,00% 35. Partai Persatuan Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesia 146.779 0,14% 0 0,00% 36. Partai Sarikat Indonesia 140.551 0,14% 0 0,00% 37. Partai Penegak Demokrasi Indonesia 137.727 0,13% 0 0,00% 38. Partai Merdeka 111.623 0,11% 0 0,00% Jumlah 104.099.785 100,00% 560 100,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 41, "top": 605, "width": 412, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : Komisi Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2009, setelah diolah pada 11 November 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 630, "width": 509, "height": 71, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 1, perolehan suara sebagaimana yang dipersyaratkan Pasal 203 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 203 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2008, hanya 9 (sembilan) Partai Politik yang mencapai ambang batas. Adapun 19.048.653 suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu kemudian dibuang, karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 711, "width": 509, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Kemudian pada Pemilu Tahun 2014, parliamentary threshold diatur dalam Pasal 208 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012 tentang Pemilihan Umum Anggota Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, dan Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, mengatur sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 69, "top": 74, "width": 481, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara sekurang -kurangnya 3,5% (tiga koma lima persen) dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi anggota DPR, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 137, "width": 479, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Selanjutnya berdasarkan Pasal 209 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012, mengatur bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 163, "width": 480, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Suara untuk penghitungan perolehan kursi DPR, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota di suatu daerah pemilihan ialah jumlah suara sah seluruh Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu dikurangi jumlah suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu yang tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara ...” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 226, "width": 438, "height": 366, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 3 Perolehan Suara Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu DPR RI Tahun 2014 No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 1. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan 23.681.471 18,95% 109 19,46% 2. Partai Golongan Karya 18.432.312 14,75% 91 16,25% 3. Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya 14.760.371 11,81% 73 13,04% 4. Partai Demokrat 12.728.913 10,19% 61 10,89% 5. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa 11.298.957 9,04% 47 8,39% 6. Partai Amanat Nasional 9.481.621 7,59% 49 8,75% 7. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera 8.480.204 6,79% 40 7,14% 8. Partai NasDem 8.402.812 6,72% 35 6,25% 9. Partai Persatuan Pembangunan 8.157.488 6,53% 39 6,96% 10. Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat 6.579.498 5,26% 16 2,86% 11. Partai Bulan Bintang 1.825.750 1,46% 0 0,00% 12. Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia 1.143.094 0,91% 0 0,00% Jumlah 124.972.491 100,00% 560 100,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 41, "top": 602, "width": 412, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : Komisi Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2009, setelah diolah pada 11 November 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 627, "width": 509, "height": 71, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 2, perolehan suara sebagaimana yang dipersyaratkan Pasal 203 jo. Pasal 209 ayat (2) Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2012, terdapat 10 Partai Politik yang mencapai ambang batas. Adapun 2.968.844 suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu kemudian dibuang, karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 708, "width": 509, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pada Pemilu Tahun 2019, parliamentary threshold diatur dalam Pasal 414 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017 tentang Pemilihan Umum mengatur, bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 69, "top": 74, "width": 480, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu harus memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara paling sedikit 4% (empat persen) dari jumlah suara sah secara nasional untuk diikutkan dalam penentuan perolehan kursi anggota DPR” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 137, "width": 479, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Selanjutnya berdasarkan Pasal 415 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017, mengatur bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 163, "width": 481, "height": 33, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "“Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu yang tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara ... tidak disertakan pada penghitungan perolehan kursi DPR di setiap daerah pemilihan” .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 207, "width": 38, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Tabel 4", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 143, "top": 226, "width": 306, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Perolehan Suara Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu DPR RI Tahun 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 246, "width": 438, "height": 405, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "No. Peserta Pemilu Peroleh Persentase Suara Jumlah Kursi Persentase Kursi 1. Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan 27.503.961 19,47% 128 22,26% 2. Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya 17.596.839 12,45% 78 13,57% 3. Partai Golongan Karya 17.229.789 12,19% 85 14,79% 4. Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa 13.570.970 9,61% 58 10,09% 5. Partai Nasional Demokrat 12.661.792 8,96% 59 10,26% 6. Partai Keadilan Sejahtera 11.493.663 8,13% 50 8,70% 7. Partai Demokrat 10.876.057 7,70% 54 9,39% 8. Partai Amanat Nasional 9.572.623 6,78% 44 7,69% 9. Partai Persatuan Pembangunan 6.323.147 4,48% 19 3,30% 10. Partai Persatuan Indonesia 3.738.320 2,65% 0 0,00% 11. Partai Berkarya 2.902.495 2,05% 0 0,00% 12 Partai Solidaritas Indonesia 2.650.361 1,87% 0 0,00% 13. Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat 2.161.507 1,53% 0 0,00% 14. Partai Bulan Bintang 1.990.848 1,41% 0 0,00% 15. Partai Gerakan Perubahan Indonesia 702.536 0,50% 0 0,00% 16. Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia 312.775 0,22% 0 0,00% Jumlah 141.287.683 100,00% 575 100,00%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 41, "top": 661, "width": 412, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sumber : Komisi Pemilihan Umum Tahun 2009, setelah diolah pada 11 November 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 678, "width": 509, "height": 65, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Berdasarkan perolehan suara sebagaimana pada tabel 3 di atas dan berdasarkan Pasal 414 ayat (1) jo. Pasal 415 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2017, hanya 9 (sembilan) Partai Politik yang mencapai ambang batas. Adapun 14.458.842 suara sah Partai Politik Peserta Pemilu kemudian dibuang, karena tidak memenuhi ambang batas perolehan suara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 273, "top": 85, "width": 60, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 61, "top": 102, "width": 477, "height": 255, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pemilu merupakan sarana untuk menyalurkan kedaulatan rakyat yang dijamin konstitusi. Pemilu menjunjung tinggi semangat langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia, jujur dan adil untuk memilih Presiden dan Wakil Presiden, anggota DPR, DPD, DPRD Provinsi, dan DPRD Kabupaten/Kota, sehingga rakyat sebagai pemiliki kedaulatan tertinggi memiliki andil untuk membentuk suatu pemerintahan. Rakyat sebagai pemegang kedaulatan tertinggi harus aktif dalam mensukseskan perhelatan pemilu pada setiap pemilu yang dilaksanakan. Memberikan suara pada setiap pemilu merupakan langkah rakyat untuk turut serta di dalam menciptakan pemerintahan yang sesuai dengan keinginan rakyat. Hal ini seiring dengan perubahan UUD 1945 terdapat pergeseran makna kedaulatan rakyat yang semula kedaultan tertinggi di tangan rakyat dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh MPR, namun setelah perubahan kedaulatan dilaksanakan menurut undang-undang dasar. Pergeseran ini juga terjadi pada fungsi dan kewenangan MPR yang tidak lagi menjadi lembaga tertinggi negara dan tidak lagi berwenang untuk memilih presiden dan wakil presiden. Perubahan sistem pemilihan ini sebagai tanda UUD 1945 menganut prinsip presidensial..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 254, "top": 382, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 414, "width": 473, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Asshiddiqie, J., 1999. Gagasan Kedaulatan Rakyat dalam Konstitusi dan Pelaksanaannya di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 434, "width": 149, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Jakarta: Ichtiar Baru Van Hoeve.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 452, "width": 430, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Asshiddique, J., 2005. Konstitusi dan Konstitusionalisme Indonesia. Jakarta: Konstitusi Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 471, "width": 479, "height": 53, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Atmasasmita, R., 2008. Pengaruh Hukum Internasional Terhadap Proses Legislasi. Jakarta, Baleg DPRI. Bachmid, F., 2021. Eksistensi Kedaulatan Rakyat dan Implementasi Parliamentary Threshold dalam Sistem Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia. Sign Jurnal Hukum, 2(2), p. 94.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 528, "width": 377, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Budiharjo, M., 2009. Dasar-dasar Ilmu Politik. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 547, "width": 412, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Busro, A. D. & Busro, A., 1991. Asas-asas Hukum Tata Negara. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 567, "width": 454, "height": 33, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Eddyono, L. W., 2017. Wacana Desentralisasi Partai Politik: Kajian Original Intent dan Pemaknaan Sistematik UUD 1945. Jurnal Konstitusi, 14(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 605, "width": 447, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Fahmi, K., 2010. Prinsip Kedaulatan Rakyat dalam Penentuan Sistem Pemilihan Umum Anggota Legislatif. Jurnal Konstitusi, 7(2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 643, "width": 385, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Feith, H., 1999. Pemilu 1955 di Indonesia. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 662, "width": 471, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Hadi, S., 2013. Fungsi Representative Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah dalam Sistem Otonomi. DIH:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 681, "width": 121, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(17).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 700, "width": 288, "height": 15, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Isjawara, F., 1997. Pengantar Ilmu Politik. Bandung: Binacipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 719, "width": 481, "height": 34, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Itasari, N. A., 2013. Penerapan Parliamentary Threshold pada Pemilihan Umum 2009. Al Daulah: Jurnal Hukum dan Perundangan Islam, 8(1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 757, "width": 488, "height": 33, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Mulyosudarmo, S., 2004. Pembaharuan Ketatanegaraan Melalui Perubahan Konstitusi. Malang: Asosiasi Pengajar HTN dan HAN dan In-Trans.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 801, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Copyright @ Ujang Charda S , Hari Nazarudin , Yudha Adi Kusumah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 82, "width": 390, "height": 15, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Nasution, L., 2017. Pemilu dan Kedaulatan Rakyat. Adalah: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 1(9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 101, "width": 477, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Nugroho, S., 2013. Demokrasi dan Tata Pemerintahan dalam Konsep Desa dan Kelurahan. Jurnal Cita Hukum, 1(2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 139, "width": 456, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Pahlevi, I., 2015. Sistem Pemilu di Indonesia Antara Proporsional dan Mayoritarian. Jakarta: Pusat Pengelolaan Data dan Informasi (P3DI) Sekretariat Jenderal DPR RI.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 177, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Prasetyo, T., 2017. Pemilu Bermartabat (Reorientasi Pemikiran Baru Tentang Demokrasi). Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 215, "width": 460, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Puspitasari, S. H., 2004. Pemilu dan Demokrasi Telaah terhadap Prasyarat Normatif Pemilu. Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum, 11(25).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 253, "width": 486, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Ridho, M. F., 2017. Kedaulatan Rakyat sebagai Perwujudan Demokrasi Indonesia. Al-Daulah: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 8(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 292, "width": 478, "height": 33, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Rikardo, O., 2020. Penerapan Kedaulatan Rakyat di dalam Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Jurnal Hukum Sasana, 6(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 330, "width": 467, "height": 33, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Riskiyono, J., 2019. Kedaulatan Partisipasi Pemilih dalam Pengawasan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah dan Pemilihan Umum Serentak 2019. Politica, 10(2), p. 147.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 368, "width": 467, "height": 33, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Sodikin, S., 2014. Kedaulatan Rakyat dan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah dalam Konteks Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Jurnal Cita Hukum, Volume 1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 62, "top": 405, "width": 230, "height": 15, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Soehino, 1996. Ilmu Negara. Yogyakarta: Liberty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 424, "width": 369, "height": 15, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Suherman, E., 1984. Wilayah Udara dan Wilayah Dirgantara. Bandung: Alumni.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 443, "width": 451, "height": 15, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Syahmin AK, 1992. Hukum Internasional Publik dalam Kerangka Studi Analisis, Buku I. Bandung:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 463, "width": 48, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 843, "text": "Binacipta.", "type": "Text" } ]

48dfbe9f-5240-16ce-52e3-acada87c18ff

https://sosains.greenvest.co.id/index.php/sosains/article/download/950/1358

[ { "left": 114, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "686", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 60, "width": 48, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JURNAL", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 180, "top": 83, "width": 222, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JURNAL SOSIAL DAN SAINS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 105, "width": 132, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "VOLUME 3 NOMOR 7 2023 P-ISSN 2774-7018, E-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 125, "width": 377, "height": 62, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE DAN WHISTLEBLOWING SYSTEM TERHADAP FRAUD PADA PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 220, "top": 250, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 156, "top": 264, "width": 276, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Studi Akuntansi, Universitas Trisakti, Indonesia Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 312, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 324, "width": 55, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fraud; Good Corporate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 70, "top": 347, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Governance;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 358, "width": 65, "height": 283, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System Keywords: Fraud; Good Corporate", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 70, "top": 644, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Governance;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 655, "width": 65, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 141, "top": 292, "width": 56, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 141, "top": 304, "width": 371, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Latar Belakang: fraud menjadi masalah yang terus terjadi di berbagai perusahaan, tindakan kecurangan tersebut merugikan perusahaan itu sendiri dan para pemangku kepentingan. Kerugian bagi perusahaan bukan hanya dari segi keuangan, namun juga dari segi value perusahaan yang didapat dari rasa percaya para pemangku kepentingan kepada perusahaan untuk dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 377, "width": 371, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan : untuk menguji pengaruh good corporate governance dan whistleblowing system terhadap fraud .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 413, "width": 372, "height": 69, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode : penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dalam periode 2016-2021. Sampel pada penelitian ini berjumlah 21 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data sekunder. Uji hipotesis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda dengan perangkat lunak SPSS 25.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 498, "width": 372, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil : hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (2) Whistleblowing System berpengaruh terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 556, "width": 371, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan : Tidak semua hasil self assessment perusahaan perbankan dapat menggambarkan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance yang sebenarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 598, "width": 56, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 141, "top": 610, "width": 372, "height": 46, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Background: fraud is a problem that continues to occur in various companies, the act of fraud harms the company itself and stakeholders. The loss for the company is not only in terms of finance, but also in terms of company value obtained from the trust of stakeholders in the company to be able to run sustainably.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 671, "width": 372, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purpose: to examine the effect of good corporate governance and whistleblowing system on fraud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 707, "width": 372, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Methods: this research used quantitative method. The object of this research is banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2016-2021. The number of samples in this research were 21 companies. The sampling technique used purposive", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "687", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 265, "top": 222, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 249, "width": 399, "height": 162, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada masa sekarang ini fraud tetap menjadi masalah yang terus terjadi di berbagai perusahaan, tindakan kecurangan tersebut merugikan perusahaan itu sendiri dan para pemangku kepentingan. Kerugian bagi perusahaan bukan hanya dari segi keuangan, namun juga dari segi value perusahaan yang didapat dari rasa percaya para pemangku kepentingan kepada perusahaan untuk dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan. Pada Penelitian yang dilaksanakan oleh Association of Certified Fraud Examiner (ACFE) tahun 2016, ditemukan bahwa sektor industri perbankan dan jasa keuangan merupakan sektor dengan tingkat kasus kecurangan kedua tertinggi setelah sektor pemerintahan dengan persentase sebesar 15,9%. Kemudian berdasarkan data dari hasil survei ACFE pada tahun 2019 terlihat bahwa industri keuangan dan perbankan menjadi sektor industri yang paling dirugikan nomor satu yang disebabkan oleh terjadinya fraud dengan persentase sebesar 41,4%. Disini kita dapat melihat bahwa terjadi peningkatan persentase kecurangan yang terjadi di industri keuangan dan perbankan (ACFE, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 413, "width": 399, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena hingga kini telah terjadi peningkatan fraud pada perbankan walaupun telah diterapkannya Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System pada perusahaan perbankan. Saat ini perusahaan perbankan di Indonesia telah diwajibkan untuk mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip dari Good Corporate Governance (GCG) karena perusahaan yang menjadi tempat mengelola uang ini memiliki risiko yang tinggi untuk terjadinya kecurangan sehingga memerlukan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik untuk menunjang rasa percaya dari para pemangku kepentingan agar perusahaan ini dapat berjalan secara berkelanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 515, "width": 402, "height": 161, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain mengaplikasikan prinsip-prinsip GCG, perusahaan perbankan juga menggunakan whistleblowing system untuk meningkatkan performa tata kelola perusahaan. Whistleblowing system adalah suatu fasilitas yang dapat digunakan pihak internal perusahaan untuk melakukan pengaduan atas tindakan atau perilaku terkait fraud , kode etik, pelanggaran hukum dan peraturan perusahaan yang dilakukan oleh oknum dari internal perusahaan, yang mana kegiatan whistleblowing ini perlu dilakukan secara objektif dan tidak untuk konflik kepentingan semata. Menurut hasil survei dari ACFE juga menyatakan bahwa sebagian besar pelaku dari fraud tidak pernah dihukum. Berdasarkan hal ini, whistleblowing system merupakan suatu sarana yang sangat membantu dalam mengungkap tindakan pelaku fraud. Whistleblowing system ini bertujuan agar para whistleblower dapat melaporkan kecurangan tanpa harus takut karena kerahasiaannya akan tetap terjaga dan juga supaya tindak kecurangan bisa segera ditemukan dan dicegah secepat mungkin (Yunawati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 679, "width": 399, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing system cukup efektif untuk menekan terjadinya fraud dengan persentase sebesar 22,6% diikuti dengan konsistensi penerapan kebijakan anti-fraud pada organisasi sebesar 13,8%. Whistleblowing system dan penerapan kebijakan anti-fraud pada organisasi harus dilakukan secara bersamaan untuk menumbuhkan rasa percaya bagi pelapor tindak kecurangan (ACFE, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 65, "width": 372, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sampling method. The data that used in this research is secondary data. Hypothesis testing using multiple regression analysis with SPSS 25 software.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 101, "width": 372, "height": 45, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Results: The results of this research show that (1) Good Corporate Governance has no effect on fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (2) Whistleblowing System has an effect on fraud in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 159, "width": 371, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conclusion: Not all self-assessment results of banking companies can describe the actual implementation of Good Corporate Governance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "688", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 399, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Implementasi dari prinsip-prinsip Good Corporate Governance (GCG) dan adanya whistleblowing system diharapkan munculnya kesadaran dari karyawan yang bekerja dan para petinggi perusahaan perbankan untuk membantu melaporkan terjadinya tindak kecurangan yang terjadi serta pelanggaran-pelanggaran hukum yang dapat merugikan perusahaan dan juga para pemangku kepentingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 169, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian mengenai Good Corporate Governance dan whistleblowing system sebelumnya telah dilakukan oleh Ramadhany (2017), Wulandari (2017), Yunawati (2019), Mufariza (Mufariza, 2018), Utami (2018), Ashari (2019), Kurniawan (2019), Faiqoh (2019), Wati (2019), Wijaya (2020), Novitasari (2021). Penelitian ini berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya karena penelitian ini menggunakan objek dan periode berbeda. Objek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di BEI dalam periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 257, "width": 399, "height": 175, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fraud dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor seperti Internal Control System yang kurang memadai, penerapan Whistleblowing system atau sistem pelaporan kecurangan yang masih kurang baik, perusahaan kurang memperhatikan whistleblower protection yang membuat karyawan yang melaporkan kecurangan tidak mendapatkan perlindungan dari perusahaan, masih banyak perusahaan yang belum mengetahui arti penting dari good corporate governace , penerapan good corporate governance yang kurang baik dapat menyebabkan timbulnya pengungkapan informasi yang kurang akurat dan tidak transparan. Penelitian ini dibatasi oleh Variabel Good Corporate Governance sebagai suatu pedoman yang dipegang oleh perusahaan sebagai dasar dalam mengelola perusahaan itu sendiri sebagai salah satu faktor dalam mencegah terjadinya fraud dan Variabel Whistleblowing System dalam penelitian ini sebagai usaha dari perusahaan untuk mencegah fraud dengan menyediakan sarana pengaduan bagi internal perusahaan serta memberikan jaminan keamanan bagi whistleblower sehingga menimbulkan rasa percaya diri bagi pelapor untuk melaporkan terjadinya fraud .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 434, "width": 400, "height": 87, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari uraian di atas, penulis tertarik untuk meneliti mengenai “Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System terhadap Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia”. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah; (1) menguji pengaruh Good Corporate Governance terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dan (2) menguji pengaruh whistleblowing system terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 536, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 549, "width": 399, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penerapan GCG adalah upaya yang penting untuk mencegah munculnya fraud , karena sebenarnya GCG adalah suatu sistem check and balances untuk pihak internal dan juga eksternal perusahaan dalam rangka menjamin akuntabilitas pada perusahaan untuk kepentingan seluruh pemangku kepentingan dan mengusahakan supaya bisnis dapat berjalan dengan baik, berjalan dengan penuh tanggung jawab, untuk mengusahakan supaya seluruh kontrak perusahaan bisa berjalan baik, serta tercapainya keseimbangan antara kepentingan seluruh pemangku kepentingan dengan tidak saling merugikan, maka perlu diterapkan prinsip-prinsip dari GCG yang nyata (Sudarmanto et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 650, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsep Good Corporate Governance menyatakan bahwa hak pemegang saham untuk memperoleh informasi dengan tepat waktu dan juga akurat adalah hal yang sangat penting. Kemudian konsep GCG juga menekankan kewajiban perusahaan untuk melakukan pengungkapan terhadap seluruh informasi tentang kinerja dari perusahaan, kepemilikan, dan pemangku kepentingan dari perusahaan secara tepat waktu, akurat, dan juga transparan. Pelaksanaan GCG yang baik dapat menjadi alat kontrol bagi pemangku kepentingan untuk dapat melihat dan melakukan pengendalian kinerja dari perusahaan perbankan supaya dapat berjalan lancar dan tidak merugikan pemangku kepentingan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "689", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 65, "width": 400, "height": 200, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Maisaroh & Nurhidayati, 2021). Sehingga dengan menggunakan GCG sebagai alat kontrol dapat melakukan pencegahan dan juga mengurangi adanya kasus terjadinya fraud dimana pihak manajemen terlibat di dalamnya. Menurut Faiqoh (2019) Good Corporate Governance menekankan tentang bagaimana aktivitas perusahaan dijalankan dan juga tentang batasan-batasan dalam perusahaan sehingga ada kejelasan mengenai hak dan kewajiban yang akan menekan perilaku sewenang-wenang dalam perusahaan. Dengan tidak adanya tata kelola yang baik akan mendorong suatu pihak untuk berbuat seenaknya. Menurut Nadia (2019) GCG dapat peluang adanya fraud menjadi lebih kecil karena bisa dideteksi dengan lebih cepat sehingga perusahaan juga dapat melakukan antisipasi dengan lebih cepat. Menurut penelitian Mufariza (2018) OJK perlu mengawasi perusahaan perbankan agar paham betul mengenai prinsip-prinsip Good Corporate Governance karena hal tersebut efektif untuk mencegah terjadinya kecurangan. Sehingga dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan semakin baiknya penggunaan Good Corporate Governance maka semakin berkurangnya tindak kecurangan. H1: Good Corporate Governance memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 280, "width": 399, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keuntungan dari adanya whistleblowing system yang baik adalah perusahaan dapat memicu rasa tidak ingin dari karyawan untuk melakukan kecurangan karena yakin dengan sistem pelaporan yang baik (KNKG, 2008). Whistleblowing tidak hanya tentang sistem pelaporan, namun juga tentang keamanan bagi whistleblower baik secara fisik maupun non fisik. Sehingga whistleblowing system dapat membuat karyawan jadi percaya diri untuk melaporkan adanya kecurangan. Di sisi lain, hal ini membuat setiap karyawan jadi saling mengawasi dan merasa takut dilaporkan oleh sesama karyawan akibat tindakan kecurangan (Semendawai et al., 2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 381, "width": 399, "height": 175, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian Utami (2018) menyatakan struktur tata kelola yang menggunakan audit internal ditambah whistleblowing system akan mendeteksi peluang terjadinya kecurangan di dalam perusahaan. Dimana whistleblowing system merupakan alat untuk mendeteksi fraud lebih dini sehingga perusahaan dapat menangani kasus lebih cepat agar tidak meluas. Menurut penelitian Ramadhany (2017) Whistleblowing system adalah suatu wadah bagi karyawan untuk melaporkan kecurangan dan juga sebagai suatu bentuk pengawasan, untuk itu penerapan whistleblowing system yang baik akan mencegah fraud yang semakin tinggi. Dalam penelitian Wulandari (2017) Whistleblowing System akan membuat karyawan takut melakukan kecurangan karena seluruh karyawan akan saling mengawasi dan membuat karyawan enggan melakukan kecurangan. Berdasarkan uraian tersebut, apabila whistleblowing system semakin baik maka akan mengurangi terjadinya fraud . H2: Whistleblowing System memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 573, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 586, "width": 106, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rancangan Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 599, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Rancangan penelitian merupakan suatu perencanaan untuk kita dapat mengumpulkan, mengukur, dan menganalisis data yang tujuannya adalah agar dapat menjawab pertanyaan dalam penelitian (Sekaran & Bougie, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 649, "width": 400, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan strategi deskriptif dalam penelitian ini untuk menjawab rumusan masalah. Dalam penelitian ini tidak terdapat intervensi yang mempengaruhi pengumpulan data karena peneliti mengumpulkan data dari laporan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance dan juga annual report perusahaan perbankan . Sehingga peneliti menggunakan minimal interference. Peneliti menggunakan noncontrived setting pada penelitian ini atau dapat dikatakan penelitian ini berdasarkan keadaan yang terjadi secara alami dan tidak terdapat kemungkinan untuk melakukan manipulasi. Unit analisis yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah perusahaan di bidang perbankan. Peneliti menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "690", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 400, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pooled data sebagai time horizon dalam penelitian ini karena objek penelitian terdiri dari beberapa perusahaan perbankan dalam periode 2016-2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 145, "width": 395, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Pengukuran Variabel Variabel Skala Pengukuran Pengukuran Operasional Fraud (Y) Rasio Jumlah internal fraud dalam masa observasi Good Corporate Governance (X1) Rasio Dengan pemberian angka berdasarkan hasil dari self assessment perusahaan perbankan pada tata kelola perusahaan yang baik di kisaran 1-5.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 119, "top": 240, "width": 396, "height": 254, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5 : sangat bagus 4 : bagus 3 : cukup bagus 2 : kurang bagus 1 : sangat tidak bagus Whistleblowing System (X2) Nominal a. X2=0, apabila perusahaan perbankan melaksanakan whistleblowing system tetapi mekanisme dari penyampaian pelaporan terhadap pelanggaran tidak lengkap. b. X2=1, apabila perusahaan perbankan melaksanakan whistleblowing system dan mekanisme dari penyampaian pelanggaran sudah memenuhi kelengkapan. Leverage Rasio DAR = 𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑼𝑻𝑨𝑵𝑮 𝑻𝑶𝑻𝑨𝑳 𝑨𝑺𝑬𝑻 X 100% Kinerja Keuangan Rasio CAR = 𝑴𝒐𝒅𝒂𝒍 𝑨𝒌𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝑻𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒃𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝑴𝒆𝒏𝒖𝒓𝒖𝒕 𝑹𝒊𝒔𝒊𝒌𝒐 Rasio KAP = 𝑨𝒌𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒂 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒌𝒕𝒊𝒇 𝒀𝒂𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒊𝒌𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒌𝒂𝒏 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓 Rasio NIM = 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝐵𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑎 𝐵𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖ℎ 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑎−𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑎 𝐴𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑘𝑡𝑖𝑓 Rasio BOPO = 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑩𝒆𝒃𝒂𝒏 𝑶𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒆𝒏𝒅𝒂𝒑𝒂𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝑶𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒂𝒍 Rasio LDR = 𝐾𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑡 𝐷𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑃𝑖ℎ𝑎𝑘 𝐾𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑎", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 511, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Pengambilan Sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 523, "width": 399, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini berupa perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021. Teknik untuk pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling yang akan membatasi informasi yang diterima berdasarkan kriteria yang telah ditentukan oleh peneliti. Berikut merupakan kriteria yang dipakai pada saat pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 587, "width": 381, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 117, "top": 599, "width": 382, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang melaksanakan self assessment.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 625, "width": 132, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 637, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti memilih data sekuder sebagai data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data tersebut diperoleh melalui sumber yang sudah ada, sehingga bisa dijamin bahwa tidak terdapat manipulasi dari data yang bisa berpengaruh pada hasil dari penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 675, "width": 399, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan metode dokumentasi sebagai metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini. Metode pengumpulan data ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data laporan tahunan dan laporan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance pada perusahaan perbankan. Data diperoleh melalui https://www.idx.co.id/ dan website resmi perusahaan perbankan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "691", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 78, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 90, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan teknik pengolahan data kuantitatif dan memilih analisis regresi berganda sebagai alat analisis data. Pelaksanaan uji statistik deskriptif, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis menggunakan software SPSS 25.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 141, "width": 158, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 155, "width": 110, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Statistik Deskriptif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 184, "width": 381, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Statistik Deskriptif Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Fraud 0 121 8,20 16,238 Good Corporate Governance 3 5 4,0571 0,435 Whistleblowing System 0 1 0,90 0,295", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 175, "top": 292, "width": 314, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Frekuensi Whistleblowing System Perusahaan Perbankan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 129, "top": 305, "width": 355, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Frekuensi % X2=0, apabila perusahaan perbankan melaksanakan whistleblowing system tetapi mekanisme dari 1 penyampaian 1 pelaporan terhadap pelanggaran tidak lengkap. 10 9,5%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 129, "top": 352, "width": 358, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "X2=1, apabila perusahaan perbankan sudah menyediakan whistleblowing system dan sudah memenuhi 1 kelengkapan mekanisme 1 penyampaian pelanggaran. 95 90,5% Total 105 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 413, "width": 174, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Statistik Desktiptif Fraud (Y)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 425, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif pada variabel Fraud memperlihatkan nilai minimum sebesar 0, nilai maksimum sebesar 121, mean sebesar 8,20, dan standar deviasi sebesar 16,238.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 463, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai minimum sebesar 0 dapat diartikan bahwa jumlah fraud terendah dari sampel perusahaan perbankan adalah 0 kasus atau tidak terjadi fraud dalam 1 tahun. Nilai maksimum sebesar 121 dapat diartikan bahwa jumlah fraud tertinggi dari sampel perusahaan perbankan adalah 121 kasus yang terjadi dalam 1 tahun. Nilai mean sebesar 8,2 dapat diartikan bahwa rata-rata dalam 1 tahun terjadi 8 kasus Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan. Standar deviasi dengan nilai 16,238 lebih besar dari nilai mean memperlihatkan bahwa data tersebut bersifat heterogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 552, "width": 157, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Good Corporate Governance (X1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 564, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif pada variabel Good Corporate Governance memperlihatkan nilai minimum sebesar 3, nilai maksimum sebesar 5, mean sebesar 4,057, dan standar deviasi sebesar 0,435.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 602, "width": 402, "height": 99, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai maksimum sebesar 5 menunjukan bahwa manajemen perusahaan perbankan sudah menerapkan Good Corporate Governance yang secara umum sangat bagus. Nilai minimum sebesar 3 menunjukan bahwa manajemen perusahaan perbankan sudah menerapkan Good Corporate Governance yang secara umum cukup bagus. Nilai mean sebesar 4,057 menunjukan bahwa rata-rata perusahaan berada pada tingkat kesehatan ke-4 yang dapat diartikan bahwa manajemen perusahaan perbankan sudah menerapkan Good Corporate Governance yang secara umum bagus. Standar deviasi dengan nilai 0,435 lebih kecil dari nilai mean memperlihatkan data Good Corporate Governance bersifat homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 729, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System (X2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "692", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis statistik deskriptif pada variabel Whistleblowing System memperlihatkan nilai minimum sebesar 0, nilai maksimum sebesar 1, mean sebesar 0,9, dan standar deviasi sebesar 0,295.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 143, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai minimum sebesar 0 dengan frekuensi sebanyak 10 dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat 10 perusahaan perbankan yang sudah menyediakan Whistleblowing System namun belum memenuhi kelengkapan mekanisme penyampaian pelaporan. Nilai maksimum 1 dengan frekuensi sebanyak 95 dapat diartikan bahwa terdapat 95 perusahaan perbankan yang sudah menyediakan Whistleblowing System dan sudah memenuhi kelengkapan mekanisme penyampaian pelaporan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 232, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Asumsi Klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 245, "width": 400, "height": 212, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji asumsi klasik pada penelitian ini terdiri uji normalitas, uji multikolinearitas, uji heteroskedastisitas, dan uji autokorelasi. Uji normalitas pada penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian Kolmogorov-Smirnov dan didapatkan nilai Asymp. Sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,200 yang lebih besar daripada 0,05 sehingga hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa data berdistribusi normal. Uji multikolinearitas digunakan untuk menguji apakah dalam model regresi ditemukan adanya korelasi yang tinggi atau sempurna antar variabel independen. Uji multikolinearitas menggunakan nilai VIF yang jika tidak terdapat nilai diatas 10 maka model regresi tidak terjadi multikolinearitas. Nilai VIF pada hasil uji multikolinearitas tidak terdapat nilai yang lebih dari 10 sehingga hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa tidak terjadi multikolinearitas. Uji heteroskedastisitas pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode grafik Scatterplot . Hasil pengujian heteroskedastisitas menunjukan bahwa tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas karena grafik Scatterplot antara SRESID dan ZPRED menunjukkan pola penyebaran, di mana titik-titik menyebar secara acak serta tersebar baik diatas maupun dibawah angka 0 pada sumbu Y. Uji autokorelasi pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji Durbin-Watson (dU<dw<4-dU). Hasil uji autokorelasi memperlihatkan nilai dw sebesar 1,7240 lebih besar dari dU sebesar 1,7209. Nilai dw juga lebih kecil dari 4-dU sebesar 2,279 sehingga hasil tersebut menunjukan bahwa tidak terjadi autokorelasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 484, "width": 455, "height": 247, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Hipotesis Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Hipotesis Hipotesis Arah Koefisien B t Sig. 1 tailed Kesimpulan (Constants) 48,517 1,429 0,078 Good Corporate Governance H1 Negatif -0,096 0,022 0,496 Tidak didukung Whistleblowing System H2 Negatif -17,958 -2,986 0,002 Didukung Leverage Negatif -1,796 -0,061 0,476 Tidak didukung Capital Adequacy Ratio Negatif -5,598 -0,243 0,404 Tidak didukung Kualitas Aktiva Produktif Positif 383,931 2,592 0,006 Didukung Net Interest Margin Positif 36,949 0,392 0,348 Tidak didukung Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional Negatif -30,189 -2,491 0,007 Didukung Loan to Deposit Ratio Negatif -6,449 -0,662 0,255 Tidak didukung Adjusted R-Square 0,135", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "693", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 65, "width": 378, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F test Sig 3,022 0,005 Uji Koefisien Determinasi ( 𝑹 𝟐 )", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 121, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji koefisien determinasi di atas memperlihatkan Adjusted R Square dari model regresi bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemampuan variabel independen dalam menerangkan variabel dependen. Diketahui nilai Adjusted R Square sebesar 0,135, hal ini berarti 13,5% yang menunjukan bahwa Fraud dipengaruhi oleh variabel Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System . Sehingga sisanya sebesar 86,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang belum diteliti dalam penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 197, "width": 27, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji F", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 210, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa dalam pengujian regresi berganda menunjukkan hasil F hitung sebesar 3,022 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,005 yang lebih kecil dari 0,05, berarti Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing Systems secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap Pendeteksian Fraud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 261, "width": 24, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji t", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 273, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji t digunakan untuk menguji apakah masing-masing variabel independen memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil uji tabel 4.7 di atas memperlihatkan apakah variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap kecurangan pada perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 324, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel Good Corporate Governance adalah sebesar 0,983 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05 yang berarti hasil penelitian ini tidak mendukung hipotesis pertama (H1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 374, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel Whistleblowing System adalah sebesar 0,004 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel Whistleblowng System berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih kecil dari 0,05 yang berarti hasil penelitian ini mendukung hipotesis kedua (H2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 425, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Leverage adalah sebesar 0,951 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05. Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Capital Adequacy Ratio adalah sebesar 0,808 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 514, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Kualitas Aktiva Produktif adalah sebesar 0,011 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud yang dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih kecil dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 564, "width": 400, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Net Interest Margin adalah sebesar 0,696>0,05 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 615, "width": 400, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional menunjukan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,014<0,05 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 678, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai signifikansi uji t variabel kontrol Loan to Deposit Ratio menunjukan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,510 yang menunjukan bahwa variabel kontrol Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud dibuktikan oleh nilai signifikansi uji t lebih besar dari 0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "694", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 63, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 118, "width": 399, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji t memperlihatkan Good Corporate Governance , Leverage, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Net Interest Margin, dan Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan tehadap Fraud . Hanya variabel Whistleblowing System, Kualitas Aktiva Produktif, dan Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud . Berikut penjelasan masing-masing variabel. Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance terhadap Fraud Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen Fraud . Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa tinggi atau rendahnya tingkat kesehatan bank tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 245, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa rata-rata perusahaan perbankan mendapatkan nilai hasil self assessment pada tingkat 4 yang artinya perusahaan perbankan telah melaksanakan Good Corporate Governance secara umum baik. Hal tersebut bertolak belakang dengan kenyataan bahwa masih banyak didapati perusahaan perbankan dengan tindakan kecurangan atau fraud yang tinggi, sehingga hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa hasil self assessment belum menggambarkan pelaksanaan Good Corporate Governance yang sebenarnya terjadi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 333, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan teori keagenan karena good corporate governance bertujuan untuk melindungi kepentingan pihak prinsipal yang dirugikan karena tindakan menyimpang dari agen. Good corporate governance akan memonitor kontrak yang telah ada antara prinsipal dan agen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 384, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Faiqoh (2019) dimana Good Corporate Governance sudah berjalan dengan baik namun belum menjadi faktor yang bisa memengaruhi fraud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 422, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Namun hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Maisaroh (2021) yang menjelaskan bahwa Good Corporate Governance memiliki pengaruh terhadap fraud dimana Good Corporate Governance yang semakin baik akan menurunkan peluang terjadinya fraud pada perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 472, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Whistleblowing System terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 485, "width": 400, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Whistleblowing System secara signifikan berpengaruh terhadap variabel dependen Fraud . Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa kelengkapan mekanisme dari Whistleblowing System seperti infrastruktur dan mekanisme penyampaian laproan, menjamin kerahasiaan dan perlindungan Whistleblower, adanya kekebalan atas sanksi administratif, dan komunikasi dengan Whistleblower dapat meningkatkan keberanian karyawan untuk melaporkan terjadinya tindak kecurangan dan dapat menurunkan jumlah terjadinya Fraud di perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 574, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan teori keagenan yang menjelaskan tentang prinsipal yang dapat memberikan batasan pada kegiatan yang mengarah pada tindakan penyimpangan dari pihak agen dengan mengeluarkan biaya pemantauan. Mekanisme pemantauan atau monitoring dapat dilakukan dengan adanya whistleblowing system atau sistem pelaporan pelanggaran yang dapat membantu untuk mendeteksi dan mencegah tindakan kecurangan pada perusahaan perbankan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 649, "width": 399, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan penelitian Wijaya (2020) Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Whistleblowing System berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021. Hasil penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan Langoday (2021) yang menyatakan bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 700, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Whistleblowing System tidak berpengaruh pada fraud karena tidak adanya penyataan komitmen dari beberapa karyawan akan kesediaannya melaksanakan sistem pelaporan pelanggaran dan ikut serta dalam melaporkan temuan kecurangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 738, "width": 170, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Leverage terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "695", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 65, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Leverage tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap variabel dependen fraud. Hasil ini sesuai dengan hasil penelitian Isabella (2018) dimana Leverage tidak berpengaruh terhadap Fraud karena perusahaan mampu untuk mengembalikan utang sehingga tidak ada tekanan bagi manajemen untuk melakukan manipulasi. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Leverage tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 154, "width": 236, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Capital Adequacy Ratio terhadap Fraud", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 166, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t menunjukan Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa penyediaan modal minimum pada perusahaan perbankan tidak memengaruhi jumlah terjadinya kecurangan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016- 2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 242, "width": 251, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Kualitas Aktiva Produktif terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 255, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t menunjukan Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa semakin tinggi total aktiva produktif menunjukan semakin tinggi terjadinya kredit bermasalah yang disebabkan oleh kecurangan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 331, "width": 219, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Net Interest Margin terhadap Fraud", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 343, "width": 399, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Hal tersebut memperlihatkan bahwa kinerja perusahaan perbankan dalam menghasilkan pendapatan bunga tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah terjadinya tindak kecurangan pada perusahaan perbankan . Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 419, "width": 377, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Biaya Operasional terhadap PendapatanOperasional terhadap Fraud", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 432, "width": 400, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji t, Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Sehingga kita dapat melihat bahwa Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional mampu memprediksi fraud secara signifikan karena semakin efisien biaya operasional yang dikeluarkan menunjukan semakin kecil kondisi bermasalah pada perusahaan perbankan. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 533, "width": 399, "height": 111, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Loan to Deposit Ratio terhadap Fraud Berdasarkan hasil uji t Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Fraud. Sehingga dapat dilihat bahwa Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak mampu memprediksi fraud secara signifikan karena walaupun perusahaan perbankan mampu memberikan jaminan atas setiap simpanan yang diberikan nasabah dan mampu membayar semua utang, hal tersebut tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah kecurangan yang terjadi pada perusahaan perbankan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2016-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 660, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 673, "width": 399, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan di bab sebelumnya, maka didapatkan beberapa kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, yaitu; (1) Good Corporate Governance tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (2) Whistleblowing System berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (3) Leverage tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 35, "width": 268, "height": 51, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Fraud pada Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 450, "top": 38, "width": 27, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 770, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Samuel Sugita, Khomsiyah", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 492, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "696", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 106, "width": 399, "height": 111, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (4) Capital Adequacy Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (5) Kualitas Aktiva Produktif berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (6) Net Interest Margin tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, (7) Biaya Operasional terhadap Pendapatan Operasional berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia, dan (8) Loan to Deposit Ratio tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap Fraud pada perusahaan perbankan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 234, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 247, "width": 399, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACFE. (2016). Report To the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse: 2016 Global Fraud Study . Faiqoh, H. (2019). Pengaruh Sistem Pengendalian Internal Dan Goodcorporate Governance Terhadap Pencegahan Fraud . Universitas Islam Sultan Agung. KNKG. (2008). PedomanSistemPelaporanPelanggaran-SPP (Whistleblowing System- WBS) . Jakarta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 323, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurniawan, P. C., & Izzaty, K. N. (2019). Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance dan Pengendalian Internal Terhadap Pencegahan Fraud. ECONBANK: Journal of Economics and Banking , 1 (1), 55–60.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 361, "width": 399, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Langoday, C. E. P. (2021). 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Universitas Islam Negeri Alauddin Makasar .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 614, "width": 400, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2017). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. In Leadership & Organization Development Journal (Vol. 34, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-06-2013-0079", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 652, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Semendawai, A. H., Santoso, F., Wagiman, W., Omas, B., & Susilaningtias, S. M. W. (2011). Memahami whistleblower. Jakarta: Lembaga Perlindungan Saksi Dan Korban (LPSK) .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 690, "width": 399, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sudarmanto, E., Susanti, E., Revida, E., Pelu, M. F. A., Purba, S., & Astuti, A. (2021). Good Corporate Governance (GCG). In Yayasan Kita Menulis .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 715, "width": 399, "height": 35, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Utami, L. (2018). Pengaruh Audit Internal Dan Whistleblowing System Terhadap Pengungkapan Kasus Kecurangan (Studi Pada Perusahaan Sektor Jasa Yang Terdaftar di BEI Periode 2016-2017). Akurasi: Journal of Accounting and Finance", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 24, "width": 196, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 7, Juli 2023 p-ISSN 2774-7018 ; e-ISSN 2774-700X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 784, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "697", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 383, "top": 786, "width": 127, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://sosains.greenvest.co.id", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 65, "width": 400, "height": 111, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Studies , 1 (2), 77–90. Wati, D. I. P. (2019). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi, Peran Audit Internal, Pengendalian Ineternal, Dan Whistleblowing Terhadap Pencegahan Fraud (Studi Empiris pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat di Kota dan Kabupaten Magelang) . 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66a5b5c7-c835-4f01-feb1-00353046fec1

https://jurnal.syntax-idea.co.id/index.php/syntax-idea/article/download/2557/1564

[ { "left": 90, "top": 746, "width": 43, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite:", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 746, "width": 417, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta (2023), Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021, (5) 8, https://doi.org/10.46799/syntax-idea.v5i7.2416 _ _ E-ISSN: 2684-883X", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 90, "top": 787, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Published by:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 787, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ridwan Institute", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 89, "top": 137, "width": 421, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "GENETIC COMPARISON OF H3N2 INFLUENZA VIRUS IN INDONESIA WITH WHO RECOMMENDED STRAINS DURING THE PERIOD 2004 – 2021", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 185, "width": 396, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno 1 , Triyana Sari 2 , Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira 3 , Erick Sidarta 4 *", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 141, "top": 216, "width": 330, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Little Sun School, Lower Secondary Division, Surabaya, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 232, "width": 336, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2’3 Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta, Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 280, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 296, "width": 429, "height": 346, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Influenza caused by A/H3N2 virus is one commonly found infections in tropical countries. Vaccination policy against A/H3N2 virus is already established for Northern and Southern hemisphere, however, no specified policy is established for tropical countries such as Indonesia. World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended Indonesia to use vaccine formulation designated for Northern hemisphere. Some studies, however, have shown that there were mismatches between recommended vaccine and circulating strains present in Asian countries, which might have caused regional outbreaks. This study was aimed to compare the genetic makeup of WHO recommended vaccine strain with H3N2 virus circulating in Indonesia. A total of 147 HA and 148 NA complete nucleotide sequences from Indonesian population, as well as 14 HA and 14 NA WHO- recommended nucleotide sequences, were downloaded from GISAID. These sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11. Furthermore, antigenicity of these isolates was analyzed using Kolaskar and Tangonkar Prediction method accessible through IEDB website and Vaxijen 2.0. This study revealed that WHO-recommended vaccine strain for southern hemisphere in 2010 were compatible with Indonesian strains circulating in 2009. Furthermore, there were no recommended vaccine strain that matched strain in circulation between 2010 to 2012 and 2019. Kolaskar and Tongaonkar antigenicity prediction analysis had simulated that several mutations rendered some antigenic epitopes of HA and NA protein to be non-antigenic. These findings highlighted the importance of reliable national surveillance network of influenza to prevent regional epidemic and the development of local influenza vaccine to better accommodate Indonesian population.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 253, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: H3N2, Influenza, WHO, Vaksin, Genetic", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 303, "top": 73, "width": 196, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "JOURNAL SYNTAX IDEA p–ISSN: 2723-4339 e-ISSN: 2548-1398 Vol. 5, No. 10, Oktober 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1339", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 428, "height": 172, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Influenza is an acute respiratory illness caused by four types of influenza virus (A, B, C, and D) which spreads in all parts of the world ( Influenza (Seasonal) , n.d.). Annually, it accounts for 3 to 5 million cases of severe illness and approximately 650,000 deaths. The illness can be characterized by symptoms such as fever, dry cough, headache, muscle and joint pain, severe malaise, sore throat and runny nose. Most people are able to recover themselves without medical intervention. High-risk groups such as pregnant women, children under 5 years, elderly, individuals with comorbidity and immunosuppressed condition, as well as health care workers might have more severe outcome than the rest of the population ( Influenza (Seasonal) , n.d.). Transmission of the virus relies on infectious droplets dispersed into the air when an infected individual cough or sneezes( Influenza (Seasonal) , n.d.).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 275, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seasonal epidemics in temperate regions occurs mainly during winter season, while in tropical region, outbreaks might occur irregularly all year round, with potential increase of cases during rainy season (Agustiningsih et al., 2018). Influenza A/H3N2 is one of the influential seasonal viruses which have caused three major influenza outbreaks since 1986. It has resulted in numerous epidemics, significant morbidity, and substantial mortality (Allen & Ross, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 370, "width": 428, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vaccination is the most recommended method to reduce the morbidity and mortality caused by influenza virus infections, including A/H3N2 virus, as it will trigger immune responses which will provide a certain level of protection (Treanor, 2004). However, it is well known that the antigenicity of A/H3N2 rapidly changing through antigenic drift and antigenic shift of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene, which ultimately renders most, if not all, immune protection ineffective. Therefore, unlike any other available vaccine, influenza vaccine must be regularly reformulated to keep pace with antigenic changes in HA and NA proteins of the virus in circulation (Treanor, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 513, "width": 429, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "World Health Organization (WHO), through Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS), recognizes the importance reformulation of vaccine components to reflect currently circulating viral strain (Hay & McCauley, 2018). The system allows WHO to monitor the currently prevalent viral strain and make recommendations on vaccine composition to anticipate potential future antigenic changes. This strategy allows them to avoid a mismatch between vaccine and the strain in circulation, hence reducing the possibility of vaccine being ineffective (Hay & McCauley, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 640, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The recommendations for trivalent influenza vaccine are made in February and September for Northern and Southern hemisphere respectively. However, countries with tropical climate where infection is possible all year long do not have any specific recommendation. The WHO suggested for these countries to use either Southern or Northern hemisphere vaccine formula based on regional epidemiological condition. A study by Agustiningsih et al . highlighted the possibilities of new strain to emerge in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tropical region before it spreads into temperate region. This signifies the importance of A/H3N2 monitoring in tropical countries such as Indonesia (Agustiningsih et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 430, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vaccine efficacy depends on the antigenicity relatedness between viral strain in circulation with the vaccine strains (Moura, 2010). Thus, to elucidate the compatibility of recommended vaccine towards A/H3N2 virus in Indonesia, this study aims to compare the genetic makeup of WHO recommended vaccine strain and A/H3N2 in circulation between 2004 – 2021 using computational analysis based on its antigenicity relatedness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 192, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESEARCH METHODS Sequence Acquisition and Alignment", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 244, "width": 428, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Complete nucleotide sequence of HA and NA gene of influenza virus A/H3N2 was acquired from Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) (Elbe & Buckland-Merrett, 2017; Khare et al., 2021; Shu & McCauley, 2017). All isolates were of Indonesia origin with the latest isolation date of August 21 st , 2021. Along with Indonesian isolates, all WHO recommended vaccine strains from 2004 up to 2021 were included. All isolates were processed with BioEdit and aligned with vaccine strains using Clustal Omega (Sievers et al., 2011) provided for free by European Molecular Biology Laboratory – European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI). Isolates with 100% similarities had their identifiers merged using Biopython (Cock et al., 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phylogenetic Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 403, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phylogenetic analysis of those isolates was completed by utilizing MEGA 11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 11 (Tamura et al., 2021). Neighbor joining statistical method was chosen with default parameter and bootstrap value set at 1,000. All isolates and vaccine strains were separated into several groups (A – H) based on the recommendation year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 482, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antigenicity Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 428, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Immune Epitope Database and Analysis Resource (IEDB) (Vita et al., 2019), a free accessible online resource tool, was used to predict linear B-cell epitopes on all vaccine strains. The prediction was performed using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method of IEDB. Subsequently, predicted epitopes were checked for its antigenicity value via Vaxijen v2.0 server (Doytchinova & Flower, 2007) with the default threshold of 0.4. Isolates with mutation within the reference epitopes were documented and predicted for its B-cell epitopes and antigenicity score using the same methods.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 160, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Result", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 673, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A total of 14 WHO-recommended vaccine strains along with 147 HA and 148 NA gene sequences from Indonesian isolates were retrieved from GISAID. However, it was important to note that the identifier of HA and NA from Indonesian isolates were not necessarily the same. Complete EPI_ISL identifier of both recommended vaccine strains and Indonesian isolates were listed in Table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1341", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 87, "top": 116, "width": 425, "height": 242, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. List of EPI_ISL identifier of all vaccine strains and Indonesian isolates used in this study. Isolate Type EPI_ISL Identifier WHO- recommended vaccine strain (HA and NA genes) EPI_ISL_111384, EPI_ISL_65217, EPI_ISL_113070, EPI_ISL_154552, EPI_ISL_176458, EPI_ISL_176456, EPI_ISL_134450, EPI_ISL_170149, EPI_ISL_166310, EPI_ISL_176512, EPI_ISL_311688, EPI_ISL_332305, EPI_ISL_413291, EPI_ISL_391201 Indonesian isolates (HA gene) EPI_ISL_98651, EPI_ISL_135834, EPI_ISL_145127, EPI_ISL_145128, EPI_ISL_145129, EPI_ISL_145130, EPI_ISL_145131, EPI_ISL_145132, EPI_ISL_145133, EPI_ISL_145134, EPI_ISL_145135, EPI_ISL_145136, EPI_ISL_145137, EPI_ISL_145138, EPI_ISL_145139, EPI_ISL_145140, EPI_ISL_145141, EPI_ISL_145142, EPI_ISL_145143, EPI_ISL_145144, EPI_ISL_145145,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 361, "width": 270, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145146, EPI_ISL_145147, EPI_ISL_145148, EPI_ISL_145149, EPI_ISL_145150, EPI_ISL_145151,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 393, "width": 270, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145152, EPI_ISL_145153, EPI_ISL_145154, EPI_ISL_145155, EPI_ISL_145156, EPI_ISL_145157, EPI_ISL_145158, EPI_ISL_145159, EPI_ISL_145160, EPI_ISL_145161, EPI_ISL_145162, EPI_ISL_145163,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 456, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145164, EPI_ISL_145165, EPI_ISL_145166,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 472, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145167, EPI_ISL_145168, EPI_ISL_145169,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 488, "width": 270, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145170, EPI_ISL_145171, EPI_ISL_145172, EPI_ISL_145173, EPI_ISL_145174, EPI_ISL_145175, EPI_ISL_145176, EPI_ISL_145177, EPI_ISL_145178, EPI_ISL_145179, EPI_ISL_145180, EPI_ISL_145181, EPI_ISL_145182, EPI_ISL_145183, EPI_ISL_145184, EPI_ISL_145185, EPI_ISL_145186, EPI_ISL_145187, EPI_ISL_145188, EPI_ISL_145189, EPI_ISL_145190, EPI_ISL_145191, EPI_ISL_145192, EPI_ISL_145193, EPI_ISL_145194, EPI_ISL_145195, EPI_ISL_145196,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 631, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145197, EPI_ISL_145198, EPI_ISL_145199,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 647, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145200, EPI_ISL_145201, EPI_ISL_145202,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 663, "width": 270, "height": 76, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145203, EPI_ISL_145204, EPI_ISL_145205, EPI_ISL_145206, EPI_ISL_145207, EPI_ISL_145208, EPI_ISL_145209, EPI_ISL_145210, EPI_ISL_145211, EPI_ISL_145212, EPI_ISL_145213, EPI_ISL_145214, EPI_ISL_145215, EPI_ISL_145216, EPI_ISL_145217,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1342", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 188, "top": 86, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145218, EPI_ISL_145219, EPI_ISL_145220,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 102, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145221, EPI_ISL_145222, EPI_ISL_145223,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 118, "width": 270, "height": 108, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145224, EPI_ISL_145225, EPI_ISL_145226, EPI_ISL_166823, EPI_ISL_200738, EPI_ISL_232993, EPI_ISL_232994, EPI_ISL_232995, EPI_ISL_232996, EPI_ISL_234986, EPI_ISL_235206, EPI_ISL_235207, EPI_ISL_235208, EPI_ISL_235209, EPI_ISL_235210, EPI_ISL_289548, EPI_ISL_289549, EPI_ISL_289550, EPI_ISL_289551, EPI_ISL_289552, EPI_ISL_289553,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 229, "width": 353, "height": 267, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289554, EPI_ISL_289555, EPI_ISL_322337, EPI_ISL_322739, EPI_ISL_378549, EPI_ISL_378550, EPI_ISL_378551, EPI_ISL_378552, EPI_ISL_403405, EPI_ISL_403409, EPI_ISL_403419, EPI_ISL_403458, EPI_ISL_493147, EPI_ISL_510016, EPI_ISL_510017, EPI_ISL_510018, EPI_ISL_583902, EPI_ISL_614338, EPI_ISL_614339, EPI_ISL_614340, EPI_ISL_614341, EPI_ISL_614342, EPI_ISL_614343, EPI_ISL_644652, EPI_ISL_718126, EPI_ISL_718127, EPI_ISL_718129 Indonesian isolates (NA gene) EPI_ISL_20146, EPI_ISL_20149, EPI_ISL_20152, EPI_ISL_20153, EPI_ISL_20161, EPI_ISL_98651, EPI_ISL_135834, EPI_ISL_145127, EPI_ISL_145128, EPI_ISL_145129, EPI_ISL_145130, EPI_ISL_145131, EPI_ISL_145132, EPI_ISL_145133, EPI_ISL_145134, EPI_ISL_145135, EPI_ISL_145136, EPI_ISL_145137, EPI_ISL_145138, EPI_ISL_145139, EPI_ISL_145140, EPI_ISL_145141, EPI_ISL_145142, EPI_ISL_145143,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 499, "width": 270, "height": 172, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145144, EPI_ISL_145145, EPI_ISL_145146, EPI_ISL_145147, EPI_ISL_145148, EPI_ISL_145149, EPI_ISL_145150, EPI_ISL_145151, EPI_ISL_145152, EPI_ISL_145153, EPI_ISL_145154, EPI_ISL_145155, EPI_ISL_145156, EPI_ISL_145157, EPI_ISL_145158, EPI_ISL_145159, EPI_ISL_145160, EPI_ISL_145161, EPI_ISL_145162, EPI_ISL_145163, EPI_ISL_145164, EPI_ISL_145165, EPI_ISL_145166, EPI_ISL_145167, EPI_ISL_145168, EPI_ISL_145169, EPI_ISL_145170, EPI_ISL_145171, EPI_ISL_145172, EPI_ISL_145173, EPI_ISL_145174, EPI_ISL_145175, EPI_ISL_145176,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 674, "width": 270, "height": 76, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145177, EPI_ISL_145178, EPI_ISL_145179, EPI_ISL_145180, EPI_ISL_145181, EPI_ISL_145182, EPI_ISL_145183, EPI_ISL_145184, EPI_ISL_145185, EPI_ISL_145186, EPI_ISL_145187, EPI_ISL_145188, EPI_ISL_145189, EPI_ISL_145190, EPI_ISL_145191,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1343", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 188, "top": 101, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145192, EPI_ISL_145193, EPI_ISL_145194,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 117, "width": 270, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145195, EPI_ISL_145196, EPI_ISL_145197, EPI_ISL_145198, EPI_ISL_145199, EPI_ISL_145200, EPI_ISL_145201, EPI_ISL_145202, EPI_ISL_145203, EPI_ISL_145204, EPI_ISL_145205, EPI_ISL_145206, EPI_ISL_145207, EPI_ISL_145208, EPI_ISL_145209, EPI_ISL_145210, EPI_ISL_145211, EPI_ISL_145212,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 212, "width": 270, "height": 140, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_145213, EPI_ISL_145214, EPI_ISL_145215, EPI_ISL_145216, EPI_ISL_145217, EPI_ISL_145218, EPI_ISL_145219, EPI_ISL_145220, EPI_ISL_145221, EPI_ISL_145222, EPI_ISL_145223, EPI_ISL_145224, EPI_ISL_145225, EPI_ISL_145226, EPI_ISL_166823, EPI_ISL_200738, EPI_ISL_232993, EPI_ISL_232994, EPI_ISL_232995, EPI_ISL_232996, EPI_ISL_234986, EPI_ISL_235206, EPI_ISL_235207, EPI_ISL_235208, EPI_ISL_235209, EPI_ISL_235210, EPI_ISL_289548,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 354, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289549, EPI_ISL_289550, EPI_ISL_289551,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 370, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289552, EPI_ISL_289553, EPI_ISL_289554,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 386, "width": 270, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_289555, EPI_ISL_322337, EPI_ISL_322739,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 402, "width": 270, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_378549, EPI_ISL_378550, EPI_ISL_378551, EPI_ISL_378552, EPI_ISL_493147, EPI_ISL_510016,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 188, "top": 434, "width": 270, "height": 76, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EPI_ISL_510017, EPI_ISL_510018, EPI_ISL_583902, EPI_ISL_614338, EPI_ISL_614339, EPI_ISL_614340, EPI_ISL_614341, EPI_ISL_614342, EPI_ISL_614343, EPI_ISL_644652, EPI_ISL_718126, EPI_ISL_718127, EPI_ISL_718129", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sequences of vaccine strains and isolates were aligned with Clustal Omega, trimmed with BioEdit, and subsequently, processed with Biopython to merge the all isolates with 100% sequence similarity. A total of 133 HA and 130 NA unique isolates were obtained at the end of this step. All processed sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 11, where Neighbor Joining statistical method was selected.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic distance of HA gene among Indonesian isolates and vaccine strains was represented with phylogenetic tree in Figure 1. There were no HA gene isolates between 2004 and 2007 could be found since this study included those with complete nucleotide sequences. Vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus was used as recommendation in 2008 until 2010 for both hemispheres which matched with viral strain in circulation for 2008 only. Isolates from 2009 had closer relationship with A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus, which was recommended in 2010, a year after. There", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1344", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "were no vaccine strains that matched with isolates from 2010. Recommended vaccine strains for subsequent years were suggested by the WHO the year after.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 117, "width": 429, "height": 109, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic distance of NA gene from Indonesian A/H3N2 isolates to the vaccine strain slightly contrasted with the HA gene (Figure 2). Isolates from 2008 were seemed to be split into two separate clusters, however, vaccine strain A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus was still compatible with the all of those isolates. Several recommendations suggested by WHO were delayed as shown by isolates in 2009, 2012 – 2013, and 2017. Several isolates from 2012, 2010, and 2019 were shown to be incompatible with all of the vaccine strains.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 228, "width": 423, "height": 124, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Some vaccine strains were reused several times; therefore, isolates were reorganized into several groups (A – H) based on the recurring usage of the vaccine strains to simplify the analysis (Table 2). The vaccine strains were analyzed using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method from IEDB to find potential epitopes. These epitopes were checked for their antigenicity value with Vaxijen 2.0. with a threshold level of 0.4 afterwards. Vaccine strains sequences were compared with all isolates from the same group to map mutations within epitope region. These point mutations were listed in table 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 371, "width": 361, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. WHO-recommended H3N2 vaccine strain for influenza vaccine", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 98, "top": 387, "width": 398, "height": 70, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "development. Year Hemisp here Recommended Vaccine Strain EPI ISL Group 2004 Southern A/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2)-like virus 11138", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 452, "width": 393, "height": 110, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 A 2004/20", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 105, "top": 476, "width": 272, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "05 Northern A/Fujian/411/2002(H3N2)-like virus", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 468, "width": 392, "height": 271, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11138 4 2005 Southern A/Wellington/1/2004(H3N2)-like virus 65217 2005/20 06 Northern A/California/7/2004(H3N2)-like virus 11307 0 2006 Southern A/California/7/2004(H3N2)-like virus 11307 0 2006/20 07 Northern A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virus 15455 2 2007 Southern A/Wisconsin/67/2005(H3N2)-like virus 15455 2 2007/20 08 Northern A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2)-like virus 15455 2 2008 Southern A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 B 2008/20 09 Northern A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 8", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1345", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 91, "top": 101, "width": 393, "height": 496, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2009 Southern A/Brisbane/10/2007(H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 2009/20 10 Northern A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 2010 Southern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2010/20 11 Northern A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 8 2011 Southern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2011/20 12 Northern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2012 Southern A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus 17645 6 2012/20 13 Northern A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like virus 13445 0 2013 Southern A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2)-like virus 13445 0 2014- 2015 Northern A(H3N2) virus antigenically like the cell-propagated prototype virus A/Victoria/361/2011 13445 0 2014 Southser n A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2)-like virus 17014 9 C 2015/20 16 Northern A/Texas/50/2012 (H3N2)-like virus 17014 9 2015 Southern A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)- like virus 16631 0 D 2015/20 16 Northern A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2)- like virus 16631 0 2016 Southern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 584, "width": 391, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 E 2016/20", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 91, "top": 600, "width": 392, "height": 126, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17 Northern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651 2 2017 Southern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651 2 2017/20 18 Northern A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus 17651 2 2018 Southern A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus 31168 8 F", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1346", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 86, "width": 421, "height": 414, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2018/20 19 Northern A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like virus 31168 8 2019 Southern A/Switzerland/8060/2017 (H3N2)-like virus 33230 5 G 2019/20 20 Northern A(H3N2) virus to be announced on 21 March 2019 - 2020 Southern A/South Australia/34/2019 (H3N2)-like virus 41329 1 H 2020/20 21 Northern A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2)-like virus 39120 1 2021 Southern A/Hong Kong/2671/2019 (H3N2)-like virus 39120 1 Table 3. Mutation found on all isolates based on the location of predicted epitopes of recommended vaccine strain Group Vaccine Strain (EPI ISL) Mutation on HA Gene Mutation on NA Gene A 65217 - F23L, T69A B 176458 L7F, S8R, Y9H, Y9N, V14A, F15L, T16A, T16V, K18E, A27T, L31F, S61N, V59I, S61I, P71S, D69N, S70N, I74V, Q73H, Y110H, V128I, L173S, K174N, K174R, P178Q, P178S, V182M, H199L,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 222, "top": 503, "width": 119, "height": 45, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P210L, Q227R, T228A, I230S, I246V, I258L, I258V, K484T, V521I,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 376, "width": 268, "height": 220, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "V545A, V545F, V545I, A546V, D529E, W530R, A537S, I538T I20V, T16I, I26T, L52P,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 369, "top": 392, "width": 133, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "C53Y, I65T, T95K, D93G,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 369, "top": 408, "width": 123, "height": 29, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D127Y, D127N, K128T, F167L, I176M, I176V,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 369, "top": 440, "width": 121, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "I194V, I215V, V240I, G235R, T238A, E258K, V263I, T312I, V317L,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 487, "width": 398, "height": 237, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "S315N, S335G, H336N, D339G, D399N, I418V, I427V C 170149 L137S T56I, S315G, D339G D 166310 D69N, S175Y, K176T, Q213H, Q327H I233V E 176512 I4T, Y9C, G65D, Y110N, S112N, D120G, A154S, K158G, F209S, I230T, H327Q, L443I, I538M, V545I, A546V T19I, T69N, P90Q, G93D, I231V, S311N, D339N", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1347", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 103, "top": 101, "width": 401, "height": 252, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F 311688 Y9H, F15Y, D69N, I83V, Y110H, S112N, A122V, R158G, R158K, N174K, K176T, Y177H, I208T, P210L, Q213H, I230T, A228T, S328R, H327Q, A492V, A546V G93D, I212V, T238A, V313A G 332305 Y9C, G158R, T176K, H327Q, A546V G93D, P126L, M176I, V194I, T238A, T238V, I312V, V313A, S315R H 413291 I4T, Y9C, T16A, Y110N, D120G, F153S, S154A, T176K, S209F, Y211F, I246V, I258M, G291S, V325I, Q327H, I538M, V545I I28T, L52P, G93D, L126P, T238A, V313A, R315S, E381G, E381D", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Isolates with these mutations were subjected to analysis using Kolaskar & Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method and have their antigenicity evaluated using Vaxijen 2.0. Epitope antigenicity of these isolates were compared with those of vaccine strains. Mutations within HA and NA epitopes that had their antigenicity rendered non- antigenic were summarized in Table 4 and Table 5 respectively. Several epitopes from different isolates completely disappeared due to point mutation outside the antigenic epitopes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 499, "width": 382, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Point mutations within antigenic epitopes of HA gene that had been rendered non-antigenic.(*) Epitopes disappeared due to mutation outside the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 531, "width": 394, "height": 61, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "antigenic epitope. Group by Year Vaccine Strain (EPI_ISL) Isolates Mutation", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 595, "width": 365, "height": 157, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "B 176458 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BP116/2010|2010.458 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS285/2010|2010.430 S61N A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS262/2010|2010.334 V59I A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS262/2010|2010.334 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BM66/2009|2009.532 P210L", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1348", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 232, "top": 86, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/NIHRDI-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 102, "width": 123, "height": 362, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BM78/2009|2009.551 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BP103/2010|2010.225 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BP116/2010|2010.458 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BT226/2009|2009.241 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BT77/2009|2009.490 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MRK206/2010|2010.315 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MRK228/2010|2010.353 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MS285/2010|2010.430 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- NAD182/2010|2010.334 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- NAD216/2010|2010.548 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- SMG213/2010|2010.142 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- TG077/2009|2009.510", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 467, "width": 251, "height": 93, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Jakarta/FLUEJKSV0033/2012|20 12.117 A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- BT226/2009|2009.241 Q227R A/Indonesia/NIHRDI- MRK228/2010|2010.353 N328K", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 564, "width": 236, "height": 100, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E 176512 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Dps_302/2016|2016.011", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 449, "top": 572, "width": 30, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N/A*", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 232, "top": 596, "width": 121, "height": 45, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Dps_302/2016|2016.011 A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 644, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pal350/2017|2017.170", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 659, "width": 117, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks410/2017|2017.551", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 667, "width": 251, "height": 85, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017|2017.052 A/Indonesia/02211874/2017|2017.1 40 R158G", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1349", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 232, "top": 101, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 117, "width": 121, "height": 76, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dps_302/2016|2016.011 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks410/2017|2017.551 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017|2017.052", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 196, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 212, "width": 173, "height": 44, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Plb499/2017|2017.164 A/Indonesia/07301041/2017|2017.5 75", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 259, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd-", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 232, "top": 275, "width": 124, "height": 45, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jbi_248/2016|2016.068 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mdn_281/2016|2016.068", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 117, "top": 236, "width": 383, "height": 500, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Btm_185/2016|2016.041 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Btm190/2016|2016.057 P210L A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Pal350/2017|2017.170 A/Indonesia/02211874/2017|2017.1 40 I208T, P210L, Q213H A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017|2017.052 S328R G 332305 A/Indonesia/BKL0918/2019|2019.0 00 A/Indonesia/BKL0926/2019|2019.0 00 A/Indonesia/BKL0928/2019|2019.0 00 A/Indonesia/COV18.230/2019|2019. 000 A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/201 9|2019.899 K158G A/Indonesia/COV18.230/2019|2019. 000 G65D A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/201 9|2019.899 N/A* A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/201 9|2019.899 I538M, V545I", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1350", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 117, "top": 86, "width": 386, "height": 189, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195084/201 9|2019.901 A154S, K158G H 413291 A/Indonesia/NIHRDBJM1205/2020| 2020.221 A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS858/2020|2 020.210 A/Indonesia/NIHRDPAL742/2020|2 020.085 N/A* A/Indonesia/NIHRDBJM1205/2020| 2020.221 V325I A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS858/2020|2 020.210 I538M, V545I", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 107, "top": 294, "width": 385, "height": 29, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Point Mutations within antigenic epitopes of NA gene that had been rendered non-antigenic. (*) Epitopes disappeared due to mutation outside the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 326, "width": 403, "height": 414, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "antigenic epitope Group by Year Vaccine Strain (EPI_ISL) Isolates Mutatio n B 176458 A/Jakarta/FLUEJKSV0031/2012|2012.08 5 D339G A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Drs490/2012|2012.049 H336N C 170149 A/Indonesia/Nihrds- _0504/2014|2014.079 D339G D 166310 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mmj337/2015|2015.496 I233V E 176512 A/Indonesia/Nihrd-Bjm57.159 T69N A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Bjm576/2017|2017.159 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Mks408/2017|2017.052 A/Indonesia/Nihrd- Plb499/2017|2017.164 D339N F 311688 A/Indonesia/NIHRD- MKS540/2018|2018.123 N/A* G 332305 A/Indonesia/BKL0918/2019|2019.000 A/Indonesia/BKL0926/2019|2019.000 A/Indonesia/BKL0928/2019|2019.000 A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195083/2019|201 9.899 N/A*", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1351", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 101, "width": 382, "height": 183, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A/Indonesia/NIHRDSB195084/2019|201 9.901 H 413291 A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS850/2020|2020. 189 R315S A/Indonesia/NIHRDDPS850/2020|2020. 189 E381G A/Indonesia/NIHRDBPP1533/2020|2020 .128 E381D A/Indonesia/NIHRDSMG722/2020|2020. 243 N/A*", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 428, "height": 172, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In the past, a novel A/H3N2 strain first emerged in Hong Kong and quickly led to outbreaks that was associated with more than one million deaths world-wide 3. There was no prior documentation of A/H3N2 infecting humans at that time. Reassortment between HA and PB1 fragment of avian A/H3N2 with NA fragment of A/H2N2 from 1957 were suggested to be the reason of novel A/H3N2 appearance. This novel strain retained the ability of A/H2N2 to interact and transmit between human. These two viral strains continued to co-circulate in human until 1971, where A/H3N2 dominated. These outbreaks had led to enforcement of the immunization policy which include A/H3N2 strain as part of the trivalent influenza vaccine. This was followed by annual release of recommended vaccine strain by WHO on February and September to counter prevalent viral strain circulating in Northern and Southern hemisphere respectively.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 428, "height": 60, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The WHO recommended for tropical and subtropical countries to consider which vaccine formulation to be used independently based on the epidemiological condition 15. However, several studies have shown that both recommendations were frequently mismatched in tropical and subtropical region 6,16,17.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study assessed the compatibility of WHO recommended vaccine strain with circulating strain between 2004 and 2021 using in silico method. Due to the lack of actual samples, the robust capability of data analysis and extensive calculation of bioinformatic tools had become indispensable for this study. Using isolates stored in GISAID database, this study provided an important insight on circulating virus in Indonesia compared to vaccine strain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phylogenetic analysis of HA and NA genes have revealed that several vaccine strains were incompatible with strains in circulation. Vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009 (H3N2)-like virus was recommended in 2010 for Southern hemisphere, yet it was fully compatible with HA and NA gene of isolates from 2009. Furthermore, we observed that there was no vaccine strain compatible with isolates from 2010 – 2012 and 2019. In 2020, however, the vaccine strain was found to be compatible for both HA and NA gene.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 36, "width": 417, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 24, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1352", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 311, "top": 778, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Further analysis of vaccine strains and Indonesian isolates was done using Kolaskar and Tongaonkar Antigenicity Prediction method and Vaxijen 2.0. Through this analysis, the presence of antigenic epitope for both HA and NA gene from vaccine strain were identified. Mutations within antigenic epitopes of vaccine strains were obtained by comparing these epitopes with isolate sequences. From mutations that have been observed in Indonesian isolates, several mutations have been previously reported by different studies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 197, "width": 429, "height": 140, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mutation D93G on NA segment of A/H3N2 had been reported by Zhong, et al . to be one of many point mutations that drove antigenic drift 18. Another mutation, namely R158G, was reported by Biswas, et al . and was likely to influence the antigenicity of A/H3N2 due to its location within the proximity of potential glycosylation site 19. The analysis also revealed that there were mutations which were not found inside the antigenic epitopes of vaccine strain itself, yet caused several antigenic epitopes to completely disappear from Indonesian isolates. The effect of most mutations listed in this study, however, remains elusive due to our lack of actual samples to perform actual laboratory tests.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 339, "width": 428, "height": 125, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The actual performance of recommended vaccine formula towards circulating A/H3N2 could not be assessed. However, it could be argued that even if successful influenza vaccination was multifactorial, most of it had been attributed to HA mismatch of vaccine strain and circulating strain 20. Monto, et al . highlighted that aside from HA mismatch, neglected NA-specific immunity had been proven to contributes towards protection against influenza independently of HA segment 21. Both HA and NA segment acquired mutation over time during A/H3N2 circulation, which resulted in antigenic drift, reducing vaccine performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 428, "height": 172, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several past studies had reported mismatch in A/H3N2 vaccine recommendation and circulating strain. Mott, et al. conducted a study about the re-emergence of influenza virus circulation in 2020 within tropical Asia and reported that some viruses from tropical countries belong to different genetic clade than recommended 2020-2021 northern hemisphere influenza vaccine (A/Hong Kong/267/2019) 16. Mott, et al. also suggested that that several factors such as surveillance artifact, travel restrictions, and COVID-19 intervention have affected the heterogeneity of influenza activity across countries in tropical Asia 16. Chan et al. conducted a study on seasonal influenza virus, especially on influenza A/H3N2 and influenza B between 1996 and 2012 17. He found that vaccine strains recommended by WHO for Northern and Southern hemisphere and viruses circulating in Hong Kong, China, were frequently mismatched.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 428, "height": 108, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study had indicated frequent mismatch between recommended vaccine strain and circulating A/H3N2 strain in Indonesia between 2004 and 2021. Our finding was in line with several previous study that highlighted the mismatch between vaccine strain and circulating strain in tropical countries. Collectively, these studies suggested that there is a need for an improved influenza surveillance and response system for tropical and subtropical countries to better manage A/H3N2 outbreak in the region and formulate vaccine with higher compatibility towards strains in circulation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1353", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 428, "height": 92, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "There were several limitations to this study, which included the scarcity of influenza data from 2004 – 2006 that prevented this study from assessing compatibility of WHO recommended vaccine for that time period. Furthermore, prediction made in this study was purely based on in silico method, which might or might not represent the actual effect of mutation towards the antigenicity and vaccine performance. The effect of undocumented mutations found in Indonesian isolates also remained elusive.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 227, "width": 429, "height": 108, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study revealed frequent mismatch between WHO recommended vaccine strains and A/H3N2 in circulation in Indonesia due to antigenic drift. However, due to the use of in silico approach, effects of undocumented mutations that caused the reduction or disappearance of antigenic epitopes in Indonesian isolates remained elusive. This highlights the importance of improved national surveillance and response towards A/H3N2 in an attempt to reduce the possibility of influenza outbreak, as well as development of influenza vaccine with higher compatibility for Indonesian population.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 354, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BLIBLIOGRAPHY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 383, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Agustiningsih, A., Trimarsanto, H., Restuadi, R., Made Artika, I., Hellard, M., & Muljono, D. H. (2018). Evolutionary study and phylodynamic pattern of human influenza A/H3N2 virus in Indonesia from 2008 to 2010. PLOS ONE , 13 (8), e0201427. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0201427", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 452, "width": 429, "height": 41, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Allen, J. 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T., Johnson, E., Liu, M., Zhong, W., Levine, M., Katz, J. M., & Ohmit, S. E. (2015). Antibody to Influenza Virus Neuraminidase: An Independent Correlate of Protection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases , 212 (8), 1191–1199. https://doi.org/10.1093/INFDIS/JIV195", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 486, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mott, J. A., Fry, A. M., Kondor, R., Wentworth, D. E., & Olsen, S. J. (2021). Re‐ emergence of influenza virus circulation during 2020 in parts of tropical Asia: Implications for other countries. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses , 15 (3),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 527, "width": 191, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "415. https://doi.org/10.1111/IRV.12844", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 555, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moura, F. E. A. (2010). Influenza in the tropics. Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases , 23 (5), 415–420. https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0B013E32833CC955", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Shu, Y., & McCauley, J. (2017). GISAID: Global initiative on sharing all influenza data – from vision to reality. Eurosurveillance , 22 (13), 30494. https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2017.22.13.30494/CITE/PLAINTEXT", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 651, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sievers, F., Wilm, A., Dineen, D., Gibson, T. J., Karplus, K., Li, W., Lopez, R., McWilliam, H., Remmert, M., Söding, J., Thompson, J. D., & Higgins, D. G. (2011).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 679, "width": 404, "height": 27, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fast, scalable generation of high-quality protein multiple sequence alignments using Clustal Omega. Molecular Systems Biology , 7 , 539–539.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 706, "width": 181, "height": 13, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.1038/MSB.2011.75", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 52, "width": 418, "height": 29, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Genetic Comparison of H3N2 Influenza Virus in Indonesia with WHO Recommended Strains During the Period 2004 – 2021", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 778, "width": 206, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea , Vol. 5, No. 8, Agustus 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 778, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1355", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 100, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tamura, K., Stecher, G., & Kumar, S. (2021). MEGA11: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 11. Molecular Biology and Evolution , 38 (7), 3022–3027. https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab120", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 428, "height": 41, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Treanor, J. (2004). Weathering the Influenza Vaccine Crisis. Https://Doi.Org/10.1056/NEJMp048290 , 351 (20), 2037–2040. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMP048290", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 210, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vita, R., Mahajan, S., Overton, J. A., Dhanda, S. K., Martini, S., Cantrell, J. R., Wheeler,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 224, "width": 405, "height": 27, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D. K., Sette, A., & Peters, B. (2019). The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB): 2018 update. Nucleic Acids Research , 47 (Database issue), D339.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 252, "width": 192, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.1093/NAR/GKY1006", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 279, "width": 428, "height": 82, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wan, H., Gao, J., Yang, H., Yang, S., Harvey, R., Chen, Y. Q., Zheng, N. Y., Chang, J., Carney, P. J., Li, X., Plant, E., Jiang, L., Couzens, L., Wang, C., Strohmeier, S., Wu, W. W., Shen, R. F., Krammer, F., Cipollo, J. F., … Ye, Z. (2019). The neuraminidase of A(H3N2) influenza viruses circulating since 2016 is antigenically distinct from the A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 vaccine strain. Nature Microbiology , 4 (12), 2216. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41564-019-0522-6", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 376, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zhong, J., Liang, L., Huang, P., Zhu, X., Zou, L., Yu, S., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., Ni, H., & Yan, J. (2013). Genetic mutations in influenza H3N2 viruses from a 2012 epidemic in Southern China. Virology Journal 2013 10:1 , 10 (1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-10-345", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 252, "top": 463, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright Holder:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 479, "width": 420, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Johny Hartawan Sutrisno, Triyana Sari, Sari Mariyati Dewi Nataprawira, Erick Sidarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 492, "width": 34, "height": 15, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 523, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "First publication right:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 539, "width": 57, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Syntax Idea", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 571, "width": 154, "height": 13, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This article is licensed under:", "type": "Text" } ]

845f2de2-2bcc-5d6c-42e1-9b94f52ed892

http://ejournal.stih-awanglong.ac.id/index.php/awal/article/download/156/127

[ { "left": 310, "top": 36, "width": 216, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 82, "top": 75, "width": 436, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 188, "width": 286, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan 1*, Dady Hendrawan 2 , Solikin 3 1 Prodi Ilmu Hukum, STIH Awang Long Samarinda, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 215, "width": 286, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Prodi Ilmu Hukum, STIH Awang Long Samarinda, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 228, "width": 390, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Prodi Ilmu Hukum, STIH Awang Long Samarinda, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected] *1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 Submission 2019-11-12 Review 2019-12-23 Publication 2020-01-29", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 56, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 454, "height": 352, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman merupakan salah satu wilayah yang terintegrasi dalam bagian Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan potensi sumber daya alam yang baik, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya perusahaan pertambangan yang mengelilingi masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Akibatnya, masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang mengalami imbasnya secara langsung yaitu kerusakan lahan mata pencaharian mereka yang tercemar akibat dampak limbah pertambangan yang merugikan masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Ditambah lagi, banyaknya lahan bekas tambang yang bukan hanya membahayakan kerusakan lahan akan tetapi juga membahayakan manusia yang berada disekitarnya. Oleh karenanya, Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bekerjasama dengan mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN), berinisiatif mengadakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melalui sosialisasi hukum dengan concern kepada pemanfaatan lahan bekas tambang sebagai salah satu penanggulangan dampak lahan tambang, dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” . Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini diharapkan mampu memberikan solusi bagi permasalahan yang terjadi di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bekerjasama dengan stakeholder terkait yaitu dari aparatur perangkat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan penanaman tanaman atsiri bersama masyarakat Desa Mulawarman. Hasilnya kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat telah berjalan dengan baik dan mendapat apresiasi serta dukungan dari stakeholder terkait yaitu perangkat Desa Mulawarman serta perusahaan sekitar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 708, "width": 334, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Desa Mulawarman, Lahan Bekas Tambang, Sosialisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 89, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 88, "width": 454, "height": 268, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman pada tahun 1981 mempunyai lahan pertanian seluas 450 Ha dari wilayahnya yang dipergunakan dan diperuntukan dalam pengembangan pertanian dalam arti luas dengan berbagai komoditas pertanian yang mempunyai prospek cukup baik, namun saat ini lahan pertanian berubah fungsi menjadi lahan pertambangan. Peruntukan lahan yang digunakan sebagai tanaman Perkebunan menempati urutan Pertama dengan luas Peruntukan disusul Komoditas lain seperti Tanaman Padi dan Tanaman palawija. Sebagai salah satu wilayah yang terintegrasi dalam bagian Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan potensi sumber daya alam yang baik, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya perusahaan pertambangan yang mengelilingi masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Akibatnya, masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang mengalami imbasnya secara langsung yaitu kerusakan lahan mata pencaharian mereka yang tercemar akibat dampak limbah pertambangan yang merugikan masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Ditambah lagi, banyaknya lahan bekas tambang yang bukan hanya membahayakan kerusakan lahan akan tetapi juga membahayakan manusia yang berada disekitarnya. Oleh karenanya masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dituntut untuk dapat berinovatif menghasilkan perekonomian yang stabil melalui ekonomi kreatif dengan memanfaatkan lahan bekas tambang sebagaisalah satu bentuk penanggulangan dampak lahan tambang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 370, "width": 454, "height": 239, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oleh karenanya merujuk pada permasalahan tersebut, Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda berinisiatif menyelenggarakan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” . Dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bersama mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) bekerjasama dengan stakeholder terkait dari pihak aparatur Desa Bhuana Jaya, Kecamatan Tenggarong serta perusahaan-perusahaan sekitar untuk saling berkoordinasi dan mensinergikan dalam memanfaatkan lahan bekas tambang sebagai mata pencaharian ekonomi kreatif masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Harapannya, keberadaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” mampu menciptakan ekonomi kreatif bagi masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang akibat dampak lahan tambang yang merusak lingkungan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 623, "width": 54, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 639, "width": 453, "height": 127, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, analisis dan pengkajian data mengguanakn metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Informasi dan data diperoleh dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung melalui kegiatan penanaman bibit padi, serta penanaman sayuran dari pupuk kompos dengan target sasaran yang di selenggarakan melalui pelaksanaan penyuluhan hukum yang dilaksanakan di wilayah Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan tema “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang”. Target sasaran dalam pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 72, "width": 452, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tenggarong Seberang, yang juga ikut didukung oleh aparatur Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 114, "width": 455, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat terhadap luaran peserta yang mendukung kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini melalui metode ceramah, dan diskusi interaktif kepada masing-masing peserta terkait pemahaman peserta terhadap “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” yang diberikan oleh pihak Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, serta mahasiswa dan mahasiswi STIH Awang Long, Samarinda yang ikut melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat melalui realisasi program kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 255, "width": 149, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 271, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Profil Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 285, "width": 454, "height": 211, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman adalah hasil penempatan dari Transmigrasi Tahun 1980 -1981 yang diberi nama Separi IV atau yang lebih dikenal lagi dengan nama Km. 16, yang mana sebutan Km. 16 itu didapat dari jarak tempuh dari Desa Separi IV sampai simpang tiga KPC (Desa Bukit Pariaman),Desa Mulawarman menjadi Desa Difinitif pada tanggal 10 Oktober 1986 yang disahkan oleh pemerintah kabupaten.Desa Mulawarman adalah bagian integral dari Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara Propinsi Kalimantan Timur dengan luas wilayah 10 KM 2 . Desa Mulawarman memiliki 3 (Tiga) Dusun dan 19 ( Sembilan Belas ) Rukun Tetangga ( RT ) dan pada tahun 2019 dengan jumlah penduduk 2.387 Jiwa. Desa Mulawarman yang merupakan kawasan dengan dataran rendah dan daerah dengan katagori pedesaan yang mempunyai kekayaan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan menjadi sarana pertanian,masyarakat desa mulawarman pada umumnya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani dan buruh tani. dan sebagian lagi masyarakat mengembangkan usahanya dalam jasa perdagangan serta peningkatan usaha kecil pedesaan. Pembagian RT di Tingkat Dusun, diantaranya:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 496, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Dusun Karya Jaya meliputi Rt. 1,2,3,4, 17,18 dan 19 yang diketuai oleh Bapak Agus Wibowo", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Dusun Karya Bhakti meliputi Rt. 5,6,7,8 dan 9 yang diketuai oleh Bapak Didit Rubiyanto.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Dusun Karya Harapan meliputi Rt. 10,11,12 ,13,14,15 dan 16 yang diketuai oleh Bapak Muhajir.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 595, "width": 454, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman berada pada ketinggian dari Permukaan air laut kurang lebih 100 meter dengan topografi dataran rendah sekitar 3 .000 Ha dan 7.250 Ha perbukitan. Desa Mulawarman dikelilingi oleh 4 ( empat ) Desa meliputi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 637, "width": 375, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Sebelah Utara berbatasan dengan Desa Prangat Kec. Marang Kayu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 651, "width": 323, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Sebelah Timur berbatasan dengan Desa Bukit Pariaman", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 665, "width": 312, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Sebelah Selatan berbatasan dengan Desa Bhuana Jaya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 679, "width": 293, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Sebelah Barat berbatasan dengan Desa Suka Maju", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 707, "width": 454, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Desa Mulawarman terdiri dari dataran rendah yang dikelilingi oleh Perusahaan tambang Batu Bara yaitu PT. JMB, PT. KPUC dan PT. PAMA, Desa Mulawarman adalah Salah satu Desa binaan dari Perusahaan Tambang Batu bara yang ada disekitarnya. Berdasarkan data yang dimiliki Pemerintah Desa Mulawarman Selain kawasan Batu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 454, "height": 70, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bara. Desa Mulawarman yang merupakan kawasan atau daerah dengan katagori pedesaan yang mempunyai kekayaan alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan dan dikembangkan menjadi salah satu usaha pertambangan batu bara dan jasa oleh masyarakat dalam pengembangan perdagangan serta peningkatan usaha kecil pedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 156, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penanggulangan Dampak Limbah Pertambangan Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang Pada Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 185, "width": 453, "height": 323, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identifikasi dampak Limbah Pertambangan, bila ditinjau berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah (PP) Nomor 18/1999 dan PP 85/1999 Limbah di definisikan sebagai sisa bangunan dari suatu usaha atau kegiatan manusia yang mengandung bahan berbahaya atau beracun yang karna sifat, konsentrasi dan jumlahnya, baik yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat membahayakan lingkungan, kesehatan, kelangsungan hidup manusia dan mahluk hidup lainnya. Adanya kegiatan pertambangan ini mendorong pemerintah untuk mengaturnya dalam undang-undang., diantaranya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 1967 tentang Pokok-pokok Pengusahaan Pertambangan, yang secara garis besar dapat digambarkan melalui keberadaan dampak ekonomi dimana kegiatan penambangan mampu mendatangkan keuntungan yang sangat besar yaitu mendatangkan devisa dan menyerap tenaga kerja sangat banyak dan bagi Kabupaten/Kota bisa meningkatkan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) dengan kewajiban pengusaha membayar retribusi dan lain-lain. Ironinya, keuntungan ekonomi yang didapat tidak sebanding dengan kerusakan lingkungan setelah terjadinya pertambangan. Lingkungan hidup sebagai bagian yang mutlak dari kehidupan manusia memiliki tiga unsur penting yaitu unsur hayati (biotik), unsur sosial budaya, dan unsur fisik (abiotik). Urgensi lingkungan hidup bagi kehidupan manusia dapat sebagai tempat tinggal, tempat mencari makan, tempat beraktivitas dan sebagai tempat hiburan. Tetapi semuanya itu tidak dapat di lakukan jika lingkungan itu rusak, baik faktor dari alam maupun faktor dari manusia sendiri. Untuk itu harus melakukan berbagai upaya agar lingkungan bersih dan layak di tempati. Diharapkan peran serta berbagai pihak untuk melestarikan lingkungan sekitar, agar kita dapat memiliki lingkungan yang bersih dan layak untuk di tempati.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 522, "width": 453, "height": 246, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hal ini kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang bertemakan “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” dilaksanakan dengan meninjau lokasi penanaman tumbuhan atsiri terlebih dahulu, yang dilakukan oleh Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bersama mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) bekerjasama dengan stakeholder terkait dari pihak aparatur Desa Bhuana Jaya, Kecamatan Tenggarong. Lokasi tersebut merupakan lokasi lahan bekas tambang yang telah dialih fungsikan sebagai lahan tanaman atsiri oleh kelompok tani desa muwarman. Kemudian, bersama-sama oleh Tim Pengabdi dari LPPM STIH Awang Long, Samarinda bersama mahasiswa/i STIH Awang Long, Samarinda, dalam kegiatan program Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN), serta masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 72, "width": 452, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mekakukan penanaman bersama. Penanaman tumbuhan atsiri dilakukan selain karena adanya MOU antara aparatur perangkat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang dengan Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Mulawarman Samarinda yang disupport oleh PT. Jembayan Muara Bara, namun juga karena tanaman atsiri mudah perawatan dalam kondisi tanah datar maupun pegunungan, subur maupun tidak subur, serta kondisi iklim yang tidak menentu. Selain itu dengan adanya penanaman tumbuhan atsiri diharapkan mampu mengangkat perekonomian masyarakat Desa Mulawarman dalam pemanfaatan lahan bekas tambang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 418, "width": 329, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar Pemateri dan Peserta Kegiatan Pengabdian Masyarakat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 446, "width": 71, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 460, "width": 454, "height": 281, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” merupakan wujud kepedulian Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum (STIH) Awang Long, Samarinda dalam menciptakan kesadaran hukum pada masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang agar turut terlibat dalam memanfaatkan lahan bekas tambang. Selain itu, tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini untuk menciptakan kepedulian pada masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang agar lahan bekas tambang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu bentuk penanggulangan dampak lahan tambang dan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang. Hasil yang didapatkan selama kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat mengenai “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Bekas Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” berlangsung adalah meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang untuk berperan aktif meningkatkan ekonomi kreatif akibat tercemarnya lingkungan hidup mereka. Hal ini terlihat dari antusias masyarakat Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang untuk turut serta terlibat dalam kegiatan sosialisasi hukum melalui penanaman tumbuhan atsiri dalam hal pemanfaatan lahan bekas tambang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 36, "width": 114, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS AWANG LONG", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 298, "top": 36, "width": 228, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2776-3757 (Online) – 2776-4443 (Print) Vol. 3 No. 1, Januari 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 794, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sosialisasi Hukum…", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 410, "top": 794, "width": 116, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan Hasibuan, dkk", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 294, "top": 792, "width": 9, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 73, "top": 72, "width": 70, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengakuan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 73, "top": 87, "width": 453, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Program Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) yang dilakukan oleh Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long, Samarinda merupakan implementasi dan sinergitas lembaga perguruan tinggi bersama masyarakat. Diharapkan hasil dari kegiatan ini mampu memberikan kontribusi kepada masyarakat untuk menjadi acuan bagi para pihak yang berkepentingan terkait “Sosialisasi Hukum Terhadap Penanggulangan Dampak Lahan Tambang Melalui Pemanfaatan Lahan Ex Tambang di Desa Mulawarman Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang” . Ucapan terimakasih kami sampaikan kepada Ketua Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long, Samarinda yang telah memfasilitasi dan memberikan dukungan pada kegiatan pengabdian ini, serta stakeholder terlibat didalamnya baik akademisi, aparatur pemerintah daerah setempat, serta mahasiswa/i Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Awang Long, Samarinda, dan semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu dan memberi kontribusi dalam kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 271, "width": 104, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hardjasoemantri, K. (2017). Hukum Tata Lingkungan. Edisi Ke-8. Jakarta: Gajah Mada University Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 325, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Said, M. (2013). Kebijakan Pertambangan Regulasi Untuk Siapa?\". Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasi Publik (JHP), Vol. 3, No.3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Semuel.et.all, R. (2013). Analisis Dampak Kebijakan Pertambangan Terhadap Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kelurahan Makroman. Jurnal Administratif Reform. Vol.1. No.3.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 417, "width": 326, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sutedi, A. (2012). Hukum Pertambangan. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 440, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yuwono Prianto, e. (2018). Penegakan Hukum Pertambangan Tanpa Izin Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Konservasi Fungsi Lingkungan Hidup. Bina Hukum Lingkungan, Vol. 4, No 1 (2018).", "type": "Text" } ]

2b27aaab-dda3-6e8d-03ba-cc41841f7dd1

http://journal2.uad.ac.id/index.php/BAMME/article/download/7340/4200

[ { "left": 146, "top": 57, "width": 335, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulletin of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 71, "width": 207, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3, Number 1, 2021 pp. 45-54 https://dx.doi.org/10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340 e-ISSN 2776-1029, p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 530, "top": 774, "width": 13, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "45", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 419, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) relationship to very heavy rain events in Jakarta", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 344, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri Anggun Lestari * , M. Syauqi B. Athallah, Yosafat D. Haryanto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 198, "width": 432, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekolah Tinggi Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika, Jl. Perhubungan I No. 5, Pd. Betung, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 234, "width": 235, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Corresponding E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 545, "width": 73, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 458, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The pressure difference is caused by the difference in radiation received by high latitudes and the equator, causing airflow to move from high pressure to low pressure. There is an increase in convectivity in October-March in the Indonesian region (especially the western part) because the wind pattern blows from the north which carries water vapor after passing through vast warm waters (Moron et al., 2010; Chang et al., 2016). The flow of air from the Northern Hemisphere that passes through the equator is called cross equatorial flow. Previous research explains that cross equatorial flow can be characterized by the dominant wind direction from the north in the equatorial region so it is called cross equatorial northerlu surge (CENS) (Hattori et al., 2011). Cross equatorial flow is seen as a wind direction from northwest to west in the Southern Hemisphere due to the coriolis force (Swarinoto, 1996).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 709, "width": 457, "height": 58, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CENS is a meteorological phenomenon in the form of surface wind flow originating from the South China Sea (SCS) very strongly across the equator. CENS is closely related to the increase in average rainfall in parts of Indonesia (Hattori et al., 2011; Mori et al., 2016; Mori et al., 2018). Strengthening CENS can strengthen the Asian winter monsoon flow which plays a role in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 273, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 227, "top": 272, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 299, "width": 437, "height": 172, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article History Received 15 January 2023 Revised 6 November 2023 Accepted 29 December 2023 CENS is a meteorological phenomenon in the form of surface wind flow originating from the South China Sea (SCS), very strongly across the equator. CENS is closely related to the increase in average rainfall in parts of Indonesia. There has been very heavy rainfall on January 18, 2022 in the Jakarta area which resulted in flooding. Therefore, this study focuses on seeing if there is a CENS relationship that is factor in increasing rainfall in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022. The results showed that the NCS began to form on January 16-17, 2022 with a Siberian High of 1040.6 hPa and the propagation of cold air masses from Asia to the south which was an indicator of CENS. The next day, the CENS phenomenon began to occur, characterized by meridional wind speeds in the 105˚- 115˚BT region of less than -5 m/s. This phenomenon triggers the strengthening of the northeast Asian monsoon flow so that the area south of the equator, including Jakarta, gets a large moisture transport from the SCS. This causes the potential for the formation of high convective clouds to trigger very heavy rain and cause flooding in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 475, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC–BY-SA license.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 358, "width": 56, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords CENS NCS Very heavy rain", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 114, "height": 100, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite this article: Lestari, T. A., Athallah, M. S. B., Haryanto, Y. D. (2023). Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (CENS) relationship to very heavy rain events in Jakarta. Bulletin of Applied Mathematics and Mathematics Education , 3 (1), 45- 54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "46", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 57, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "formation of rain in the Indonesian region during the rainy season period from November to March (Yulihastin, 2015). Cross equatorial flow originating from mid-latitudes in the northern hemisphere is an important environmental factor associated with high rainfall in Jakarta (Wu et al. 2007).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 458, "height": 235, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wu et al. (2007) showed that strong northerly wind events strong northerly winds occurred five times over the South China Sea in 2007, and in the South China Sea in 2007, and in the strongest strongest event, the northerly winds blew across the equator and penetrated into the northern part of Java penetrated the northern part of Java Island. This strong flow persisted for more than a week and coincided with the formation of heavy rains that repeatedly caused widespread flooding. Therefore, the strengthening CENS has the potential to cause persistent rainfall. This is as happened in the years that recorded major flood events in Jabodetabek. Based on previous research (Wu et al., 2007; Hattori et al., 2011; Yulihastin et al., 2020) states that CENS is associated with heavy rain events over Java Island. In addition, Van Bemmelen (1922) first conducted research on the diurnal variation of local winds over Jakarta scientifically using hot air balloon observations in 1905-1915 and found a clear land-sea circulation in the lower troposphere showing a dominant northerly sea breeze during the day below 1 km altitude with an opposing southerly flow above and a relatively weak southerly land breeze in reverse during the night to early morning period. Consequently, the land-sea circulation and its relationship with convective activity over Jakarta has been widely studied by Hashiguchi et al. (1995), Hadi et al. (2000, 2002), Renggono et al. (2001), and Araki et al. (2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 378, "width": 457, "height": 206, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Several studies examined the relationship between cold surges in the northern South China Sea and convective variations in the equatorial region. Compo et al. (1999) showed a strong correlation between cold surge and convective activity in southern Indonesia using 11 years of data from the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis and Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) data. Chang et al. (2003) stated that the environment was a strong cold surge factor in producing the nearequatorial cyclone Vamei in 2001. Chang et al. (2005) examined the long-term variation in convective activity over the Maritime Continent and its relationship with cold surge. The results suggest that a strong cold surge phenomenon can enhance convective activity over the Indo-China Peninsula and northern Sumatra. In addition, one of the problems with previous studies is that there is no uniform quantitative definition of cold surge with definitions varying depending on the purpose of the study. For example, Wu and Chan (1995, 1997) defined cold surge using surface meteorological data as negative temperature anomalies (<2 K), changes in wind direction (>60) and a northerly wind component greater than 8.1 m s1 over Hong Kong (22.4N, 114.1E).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 586, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meanwhile, Compo et al. (1999) stated that a pressure surge using ECMWF reanalysis data as a positive sea level pressure anomaly (>3 hPa) at 15N, 115E. Chang et al. (2005) defined cold surge as a northerly wind component at 925 hPa that averages more than 8 m s1 between 110- 117.5E, 15N. These previous definitions do not take into account the intensity of cold surge in the equatorial region (10S-10N).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 660, "width": 457, "height": 102, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on surface observations from Soekarno Hatta Meteorological Station, rain with an intensity of 150.2 mm/day was recorded. In addition, at the Maritime Meteorological Station recorded 129.5 mm/day and at Meteorological Station 745 Kemayoran recorded 191.8 mm/day. Rainfall intensity criteria based on the Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics Agency (BMKG, 2010) explains that rainfall intensity >20 mm/hour or >100 mm/day is categorized as very heavy rain. This rainfall is the highest rainfall in Jakarta during the period November 2021-18 January 2022 which has an impact on inundation in 77 RTs out of 30470 RTs in Jakarta with inundation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "47", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 42, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "heights ranging from 40-85 cm and the number of refugees as many as 1194 people from 310 family cards (BPBD, 2022). Therefore, this research focuses on seeing if there is a CENS relationship that is a factor in increasing rainfall in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 47, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 154, "width": 457, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research location is in the DKI Jakarta area on January 18, 2022, with coordinates 5°19' 12\" - 6°23' 54\" LS 106° 22' 42\" - 106° 58' 18\" EAST (See Figure 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 248, "top": 382, "width": 132, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Research location", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 113, "top": 410, "width": 197, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The data used in this study are as follows.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 136, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Synoptic observation data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 457, "height": 102, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Synoptic observation data is surface weather observation data sent from weather observation stations throughout Indonesia every three hours (Mujiasih, 2011). Synoptic observation data used in this study is the accumulated rainfall (mm) on January 18, 2022, at 00-23 UTC from three meteorological stations namely Soekarno Hatta Meteorological Station, Tanjung Priok Meteorological Station, and 745 Kemayoran Meteorological Station. This data is taken from the BMKG database, BMKGSoft, which is used as verification of very heavy rain events that cause some inundation in parts of Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 573, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ERA-5 reanalysis data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 588, "width": 458, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ERA5 is an ECMWF reanalysis with a resolution of 0.125° x 0.125° which is the fifth generation for global climate and weather for the last 4 to 7 decades. Data are currently available from 1950, with Climate Data Store entries for 1950-1978 (early reanalysis) and from 1959 to the present. This data is retrieved from https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/. The parameters used are Mean Sea Level Pressure (MSLP), 2m surface temperature, zonal wind speed (U), meridional wind speed (V), and specific humidity (q). This data is used to analyze the effect of CENS on rainfall in Jakarta on January 18, 2022. The analyzed layer is in a representative layer to see atmospheric symptoms without interference from the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere so that each parameter is selected in the layer at 925 mb (Aldrian, 2007). This data is processed using The Grid Analysis and Display System (GrADS) application to facilitate analysis, Climate Data Operators (CDO) to determine the value of parameters from certain coordinates, and Microsoft Excel to process data from CDO results.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "48", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 90, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satellite imagery", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The satellite imagery used is the himawari-8 satellite with the IR band every 6 hours on January 17-18, 2022. This image is accessed from the BMKG satellite database. The image is used to determine the presence of rain-producing clouds and the rain rate estimated by the satellite.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 156, "width": 458, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study was conducted by identifying the Northerly Cold Surge (NCS) which is characterized by increased pressure in the Siberian region which causes the flow of air masses to southern Asia and the pressure difference between Gushi and Hong Kong, which is >10 hPa which causes a temperature drop of up to 6°C in Hong Kong. After that, analyzing moisture transport is carried out to determine the effect of CENS on atmospheric dynamics in Jakarta which refers to the method of Zhou and Yu (2005) using the following equation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 258, "top": 244, "width": 284, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑄 = ! \" ∫ 𝑞𝑉 𝑑𝑝 #$ #% (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 458, "height": 87, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "where Q is Water Vapor Transport (kg/m/s), 𝑔 is Earth's Gravitational Acceleration (m/ 𝑠 2), 𝑝𝑠 is Surface Pressure (1000 hPa), 𝑝𝑡 is Pressure at Upper Level (300 hPa), 𝑞 is Specific Humidity (g/kg), 𝑉 is Zonal-Meridional Wind Vector, and 𝑑𝑝 is Pressure Change (hPa). Furthermore, it identifies CENS events that refer to Hattori's (2011) research by looking at north wind speeds of more than 5 m/s that blow in the region between 105˚BT to 115˚BT. In addition, this research also identifies NCS first because this is a precursor to the CENS phenomenon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 375, "width": 127, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Results and discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 391, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of NCS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 406, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "NCS is an indicator of the occurrence of CENS where NCS is the transmission of cold air masses from high latitudes to the equatorial region. NCS is identified by looking at the increase in air pressure in the Tibetan plateau region commonly known as the Siberian High so that MSLP analysis can be carried out as a cusor of NCS and CENS. Figure 2 shows the MSLP values on January 16-18, 2022 in the Asia, South China Sea, and Indonesia regions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 738, "width": 188, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. MSLP on January 16-18, 2022", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "49", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The figure shows that there is a high pressure area in mainland Asia, with a value of 1040 hPa which indicates the presence of a Siberian High, as an indicator of NCS. This allows the formation of CENS. The pressure difference between mainland Asia with high pressure and Australia with lower pressure results in these conditions supporting the strengthening of the Asian monsoon flow moving into the Indonesian region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 485, "width": 262, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. MSLP and temperature values to identify NCS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 228, "top": 724, "width": 173, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Cold air mass propagation", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3 shows a Siberian high of 1040.6 mb on January 16, 2022. It can be said that there is a Siberian High which is the initial precursor of the NCS. In addition, the MSLP difference between Gushi and Hong Kong exceeded 10 hPa on January 17, 2022, which amounted to 10.9 hPa, thus reinforcing that the NCS had formed on that date. Based on this, it is known that the NCS occurred from January 16-17, 2022. The event was also marked by a decrease in temperature in Hong Kong starting from January 16, 2022, due to the movement of the NCS towards the South China Sea. However, the temperature drop is less than 6°C, which is only about 2°C.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In addition, there is the transmission of cold air masses from Asia to the south to latitude 22°8'-22°35'LU which can be seen in Figure 4. NCS is an indication of the occurrence of CENS so it is possible that CENS will occur a few days after NCS is formed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 245, "width": 143, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moisture transport analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Moisture transport is one of the most dominant factors that explain CENS can increase rainfall in the region. Therefore, moisture transport analysis was made from January 17-18, 2022 at the single level data layer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 690, "width": 278, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Moisture Transport January 17-18, 2022 (kg/kg)", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 718, "width": 457, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Figure 5, it can be seen that the formation of CENS began which caused the strengthening of the northeast Asian monsoon flow so that the western part of Indonesia, especially Jabodetabek, received a large supply of water vapor from the South China Sea. In", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "addition, there is also the transmission of cold air masses (NCS) from high latitudes to equatorial regions with the nature of dry air masses that meet with warm air masses in the South China Sea. This allows the formation of fronts in the South China Sea region, increasing the potential for the formation of convective clouds in the area through which it passes. If the flow passes through the equator, the impact can reach the southern equatorial region.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 169, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of CENS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 183, "width": 458, "height": 58, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the method of Hattori (2011), CENS can be identified when the northerly wind speed at the 925 hPa layer in the region between 105˚BT to 115˚BT is more than 5 m/s or the meridional wind speed is less than -5 m/s. Therefore, the Hovmoller diagram was used to look at the cross- section of time for the average longitude of 105˚-115˚BT from January 17-18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 392, "width": 309, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. Meridional Wind Hovmoller diagram on January 17-18,", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 285, "top": 405, "width": 59, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2022 (m/s).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 139, "top": 748, "width": 351, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 7. Himawari-8 Enhanced Satellite Imagery on January 17-18, 2022.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 87, "top": 57, "width": 196, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "BAMME Vol. 3 No. 1, 2023, pp. 45-54", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 772, "width": 274, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 419, "top": 773, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10.12928/bamme.v3i1.7340", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on Figure 6, it can be seen that the CENS phenomenon occurred on January 17-18, 2022 with meridional wind speeds in the 105˚- 115˚BT region less than -5 m/s.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 121, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satellite image analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 141, "width": 458, "height": 146, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 7 shows that there is a spread of convective cloud systems in the Greater Jakarta area from January 17, 2022 at 18 UTC resulting in very heavy rain that causes flooding in Jakarta and surrounding areas. The clouds are getting lower in temperature so that there is very strong convection in the Jakarta area, especially on January 18, 2022. The cloud is a mature cloud that shifts from the South to the North (Jakarta) on January 17, 2022 at 12 UTC. There was an expansion of cloud coverage and a decrease in cloud temperature (>-60°c) on January 17, 2022 at 18 UTC to January 18, 2022 at 06 UTC, indicating that convective clouds were very mature and rain occurred. The strengthening of the Asian monsoon flow due to the presence of CENS, thus providing a large supply of water vapor in the Jabodetabek area, the convective cloud system is persistent. The cloud range began to shrink and the cloud temperature began to rise on January 18, 2022 at 12-18 UTC.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 652, "width": 346, "height": 26, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 8. Himawari-8 Satellite Image of Rain Precipitation on January 17- 18, 2022.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 457, "height": 72, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 8 shows the estimated spatial rainfall from Himawari-8 satellite data on January 17- 18, 2022. The movement of air masses triggers the convective cloud system to shift from south to north (Jakarta) so that rain occurs on January 17, 2022 at 18 UTC until January 18, 2022 at 06 UTC in the Jakarta area. The cloud shift also caused a decrease in rainfall in the Jakarta area starting January 18, 2022 at 12 UTC. From the station rainfall data that has been explained in the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 57, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN 2776-1029 p-ISSN 2776-1002", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 87, "top": 772, "width": 376, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Identification of cross-equatorial northerly surge (Lestari, Athallah, & Haryanto)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 528, "top": 772, "width": 12, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 82, "width": 457, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "background, it shows that there was rain with very heavy intensity on January 17-18, 2022 which resulted in flooding in the Jakarta area as a result of CENS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 123, "width": 63, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 267, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results and discussion, it is concluded that.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 154, "width": 454, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- The NCS began to form on January 16-17, 2022 with the presence of a Siberian High of 1040.6 hPa and the propagation of cold air masses from the Asian region to the south which is an indicator of the occurrence of CENS.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 199, "width": 454, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Based on the Hattori method (2011), the CENS phenomenon occurred on January 17-18, 2022 with meridional wind speeds in the 105˚- 115˚BT region less than -5 m/s.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 228, "width": 454, "height": 58, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- CENS triggers the strengthening of the northeast Asian monsoon flow so that the area south of the equator including Jakarta gets a large moisture transport from the South China Sea. This causes the potential for the formation of high convective clouds to trigger very heavy rain and cause flooding in the Jakarta area on January 18, 2022.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 64, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 457, "height": 28, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aldrian, E., Utama, G.S.A. (2007). Identifikasi dan Karakteristik Seruakan Dingin (Cold Surge) Tahun 1995-2003. Jurnal Sains Dirgantara , 4(2), 107-127.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 457, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Araki R, Yamanaka MD, Murata F, Hashiguchi H, Oku Y, Sribimawati T, Kudsy M, Renggono F. (2006). Seasonal and interannual variations of diurnal cycles of wind and cloud activity observed at Serpong, west Jawa, Indonesia. 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09a019bd-f4df-1565-fa05-1b43d625266c

https://journal.iainkudus.ac.id/index.php/riwayah/article/download/1234/1098

[ { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "179", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 64, "top": 150, "width": 317, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "TAUBAT DAN ISTIG { FA > R DALAM HADIS NABI:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 171, "width": 146, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sebuah Kajian Tematik", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 171, "top": 209, "width": 100, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 231, "width": 176, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "UIN Walisongo Semarang Jawa Tengah [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 289, "width": 37, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 308, "width": 287, "height": 90, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan istigfar adalah dua kata yang melekat. Taubat merupakan maqa > m atau jenjang spiritual terpenting dalam rangka mengarungi bahtera spiritual untuk taqarrub ila > Alla > h. Rasulullah tiap hari beristigfar, memohon ampun kepada Allah, 70 hingga 100 kali, siang ataupun malam hari. Taubat akan diterima oleh Allah, selama yang bersangkutan belum mati. Dan dengan beristigfar, seseorang akan mendapatkan kemuliaan dunia akhirat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 404, "width": 152, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kata kunci: Taubat, Istigfa > r, Maqa > m", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 446, "width": 88, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pendahuluan A.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 464, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adalah sebuah keniscayaan yang tidak dapat dihindari, bahwa manusia, sebagai makhluk sosial, selalu berinteraksi dan berhubungan dengan sesama manusia lainnya, untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya. Dalam perjalanannya, sengaja atau tidak sengaja, seseorang pasti melakukan kesalahan dan dosa terhadap sesamanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 550, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Demikian halnya, sebagai seorang makhluk yang wajib mematuhi peraturan dan syari’at yang telah digariskan oleh sang Khaliq, juga tidak akan lepas dari dosa dan kesalahan terhadap- Nya. Dan dapat dipastikan, tidak ada seorang manusia yang luput", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "180", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 72, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dari dosa dan salah. Karena manusia adalah tempat dosa dan lupa. Namun, meminjam istilah H. Rhoma Irama dalam ‘kehilangan tongkat’-nya, “ Orang yang baik bukan yang tidak pernah melakukan kesalahan, tapi yang menyadari kesalahannya dan memperbaikinya .” Atau dengan kata lain, sebaik-baik orang yang bersalah adalah mereka yang mau bertaubat dan memohon ampun pada Allah Swt.. Sebagaimana sabda Nabi saw.:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 177, "width": 266, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 )يذمترلاو هجام نبا هاور( نوباولتا ينئاطلخا يرخو ءاطخ مدآ نيب كل", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 203, "width": 300, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Setiap bani adam adalah makhluk yang banyak melakukan kesalahan. Dan sebaik-baiknya orang yang bersalah adalah mereka yang bertaubat’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah dan at-Tirmidzî)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 248, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bahkan dalam hadis di bawah ini, lebih jelas lagi, dimana manusia pasti melakukan dosa dan kesalahan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 281, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "للها نورفغتسيف نوبنذي موقب ءالجو مكب للها بهلذ اوبنذت مل ول هديب سيفن يلذاو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 303, "width": 114, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2 )هيرغو ملسم هاور( مله رفغيف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 329, "width": 300, "height": 64, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Demi Dzat, yang diriku berada dalam kekuasaan-Nya, andai kalian semua tidak berbuat dosa, niscaya Allah akan menghilangkan kalian, dan mendatangkan sebuah kaum yang melakukan perbuatan dosa, kemudian mereka memohon ampun pada Allah. Maka Allah pun mengampuni mereka’.” (H.R. Muslim dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 399, "width": 320, "height": 56, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Oleh karena itu, taubat dan istigfa > r (memohon ampun kepada Allah) merupakan dua hal penting yang tidak dapat diabaikan dalam rangka menempuh perjalanan spiritual menuju Allah. Kedua kata tersebut saling terkait. Tulisan ini akan mencoba", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 466, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "1 Abû ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Yazîd al-Qazwînî Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibn Ma > jah , Kitâ > b Zuhud, Bâ > b Zikr at-Taubah, ditahqîq oleh Muhammad Fu’âd ‘Abd al-Bâqî, (Bairut : Dâr al-Fikr, t.t.), hadis no. 4251, II: 1420; Abû ‘Îsâ Muhammad Ibn ‘Îsâ Ibn Sawrah al-Tirmidzî (W. 297 H), al-Ja > mi‘ as-S { ahi > h wa Huwa Sunan at- Tirmiz \\ î , ditahqîq oleh Mahmû > d Muhammad Mahmû > d Hasan Nashshâr, Kitâb al-Shifât al-Qiyâmah, cet. ke-1, (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 2000), bâb ke XXXXIX, no. hadis 2499, VII: 382", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "2 Abû al-Husayn Muslim Ibn al-Hajjâj Ibn Muslim al-Qusyayrî an- Naysâbûrî (204-261 H), S { ahi > h Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Suqût { az-Zunûb bi al- Istighfâr tawbah , , (Indonesia : Maktabah Dâr Ihyâ’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, t.t.), II: 491; hadis senada juga dapat dilihat dalam at-Tirmidzî, ibid., Kitâ > b ad-Da‘awâ > t, , no. hadis 3539, IV: 386", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "181", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 72, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "membahas taubat dan istigfar dalam perspektif hadis Nabi secara tematik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 111, "width": 84, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pembahasan B.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 129, "width": 321, "height": 226, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Pengertian 1. Taubat dan Istigfa > r Kata taubat ( ةبوت ) merupakan bentuk mas } dar dari kata kerja ta > ba ( بات ) . Selain kata taubat , kata kerja ta > ba masih mempunyai bentuk mas}dar yang lain, yaitu tauban ( ابوت ) , mata > ban ( اباتم ) , ta > batan ( ةبات ) , dan tatwibatan ( ةبوتت ). Secara etimologis, kata tersebut dapat berarti kembali ( عوجرلا ) atau menyesal ( مدنلا ). Secara terminologis, taubat berarti kembali dari perbuatan maksiat atau dosa menuju taat kepada Allah; dan menyesali semua perbuatan dosa yang telah dilakukannya. Dan orang yang taubat disebut at-ta > ’ib ( بئاتلا ). Karenanya, seorang ta > ’ib adalah orang yang kembali dari sifat- sifat tercela menuju sifat-sifat yang terpuji; orang yang kembali dari sesuatu yang dilarang Allah menuju apa yang diperintahkan- Nya; orang yang kembali dari sesuatu yang dibenci Allah menuju sesuatu yang diridlai-Nya; atau orang yang kembali kepada Allah setelah berpisah, menuju taat kepada-Nya, setelah melakukan pelanggaran atau kedurhakaan ( al-mukha > lafa > t ). 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 358, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dari pengertian di atas, taubat dapat memberi pengertian dari dua sisi, yaitu : dari sisi manusia, dimana manusia kembali kepada Allah setelah melakukan maksiat dan dosa; dan dari sisi Allah, dimana Allah memberi rahmat dan taufîq - Nya, agar manusia dapat kembali menaati-Nya, yang pada akhirnya Allah akan menerima taubat dari hamba-hamba-Nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 442, "width": 321, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan kata istigfar ( رافغتسا )merupakan bentuk mas} dar dari kata kerja istag { fara ( رفغتسا ) , dan berasal dari bentuk kata kerja s \\ ulasi g { afara ( رفغ ) . Secara etimologis, kata g { afara dapat berarti menutupi ( ىطغ,رتس ) atau mengampuni dan memaafkan ( وفعلا ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 514, "width": 321, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "3 Jamâl ad-Dîn Muhammad Ibn Mukarram al-Anshârî Ibn Manzhûr, Lisân al-‘Arab, (Mesir : al-Mu’assasah al-Mishriyyah al-Âmmah, t.t.), I: 226-227; Majd ad-Dîn Muhammad Ibn Ya‘qûb al-Fayrûzâbâdî, al-Qâmûs al-Muhîth, (Bairut : Dâr al-Jîl, t.t.), I: 41; Muhammad Ibn ‘Alân ash-Shiddîqî al-Syâfi‘î al-Asy‘arî al-Makkî (W. 1057 H), Kitâb Dalîl al-Fâlihîn li T}uruq Riya > d } as } -S } âlihîn , cet. Ke-5 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kitâb al-‘Arabî, 1985) I: 87; lihat juga Muh. In’amuzzahidin, Reaktualisasi Pengamalan Maqamat Dalam Tasawuf untuk Pelestarian Lingkungan , Penelitian Individual, (Semarang : IsDB UIN Walisongo, 2014), hlm. 47-49", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "182", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan istig}fâ > r sendiri berarti memohon ampun atau mohon ditutupi dosanya. Secara terminologis, istigfâ > r berarti memohon ampun kepada Allah atas dosa yang diperbuat seseorang. 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 118, "width": 320, "height": 237, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Menurut para ulama’, taubat dari segala dosa adalah wajib. Baik dosa itu berupa dosa kecil atau dosa besar, baik yang nampak atau tidak (seperti penyakit hati riyâ’ , ‘ ujub dan lain-lain). Jika maksiat atau dosa itu terjadi hanya antara manusia dan Allah saja, tidak berhubungan dengan hak manusia, maka taubat -nya harus memenuhi 3 syarat, yaitu : a) menyesali semua prilaku yang menyimpang dari syara‘ yang telah diperbuat, karena mencari ridla Allah; b) meninggalkan kesalahan dalam tingkahnya; dan c) bertekad untuk tidak mengulangi perbuatan maksiatnya. Namun, jika taubat -nya berkaitan dengan hak manusia, masih harus ada satu syarat lagi, yaitu menyelesaikan haknya pada orang yang bersengketa tadi. Jika ia menzhalimi hartanya, maka ia harus mengembalikan barang yang dizhalimi kepada pemiliknya, atau meminta pembebasan tanggungan pada yang bersangkutan. Jika hak itu berupa had qaz \\ af (hukuman menuduh zina) atau sejenisnya, maka ia harus menjalankan atau meminta maaf kepada yang bersangkutan. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 359, "width": 320, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Mayoritas ulama’ berpendapat, taubat adalah awal dan akhir dari setiap maqâ > m (jenjang spiritual) , bahkan ia selalu bersama atau menyertai setiap maqâ > m . 6 Barang siapa tidak ber- taubat , maka ia tidak akan memperoleh maqâ > m tertentu. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 430, "width": 320, "height": 167, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "4 Ibn Manzhûr, ibid., VI: 329-330; al-Fayrûzâbâdî, ibid., II: 106; lihat juga Sayyid Shiddîq ‘Abd al-Fattâh, Jawâmi‘ al-Istighfârât al-Kubrâ , cet. Ke-2 (Kairo : ad-Dâr al-Mashriyyah al-Lunnâniyyah, 1993), hlm. 57 5 Syaykh Ibrâhîm Ibn Muhammad al-Bayjûrî, Tuhfat al-Murîd, Syarh Jawharat al-Tawhîd, cet. Ke-1 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1983), hlm. 196- 197; Abû Zakariyâ Yahyâ Ibn Syaraf an-Nawawî ad-Dimasyqî (631-676 H), Riyâdl as}-S{âlihîn, ditahqîq dan ditakhriîj oleh ‘Abd al-‘Azîz Rabâh dan Ahmad Yûsuf ad-Daqâq, (Riyadl : Dâr al-Salâm, 1991), hlm. 24-25; Abû al-Qâsim ‘Abd al-Karîm Ibn Hawâzin al-Naysâbûrî al-Qusyayrî, ar-Risâlah al-Qusyayriyyah, dita‘lîq oleh ‘Abd al-Halîm Mahmûd, ditahqîq oleh ‘Abd al-Karîm al-‘Athâ, (Bairut : Dâr al- Khair, t.t.) , hlm. 168. 6 Abû ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Abî Bakar Ibn Ayyûb Ibn Qayyim al- Jawziyyah, Madârij al-Sâlikîn, cet. Ke-2 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1988), I: 149", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 598, "width": 292, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "7 Abû Najîb ‘Abd al-Qâhir Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Muhammad al-Suhrawardî", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "183", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 72, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan hakikat taubat itu sendiri, para ulama’ berselisih pendapat. Bagi al-Qusyairî (376-465 H), taubat merupakan tingkatan pertama bagi orang-orang yang menempuh jalan spiritual ( as-sâ > likî > n ). Taubat diartikan dengan kembali dari sesuatu yang tercela dalam syara’ menuju sesuatu yang terpuji. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 144, "width": 321, "height": 111, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedang Z | u > an-Nu > n al-Mis } rî (W. 245 H) ketika ditanya tentang taubat , dia menyatakan, taubat orang awam disebabkan oleh perbuatan dosa, dan taubat orang khawwâ > s} lahir dari kelalaian. Baginya, orang yang ber- taubat adalah orang yang benar-benar menyesal atas segala perbuatan dosa yang telah dilakukannya. Oleh karena itu, istigfar, tanpa dibarengi dengan usaha menghentikan perbuatan dosanya, sama saja dengan taubat seorang pendusta. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 259, "width": 321, "height": 139, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Adapun perbedaan antara taubat dan istig { fa > r adalah sangat tipis sekali. Sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Yusuf al-Qardlawi, jika disebutkan secara terpisah atau sendiri-sendiri, istig { fa > r yang hakiki adalah mencakup taubat, sebagaimana taubat juga mencakup istig { fa >> r. Dimana satu istilah masuk dalam pengertian lainnya. Namun, jika keduanya disertakan dalam satu kalimat, maka makna istig { fa > r adalah memohon perlindungan dari akibat dosa yang lampau, sedang makna taubat adalah kembali dan memohon perlindungan dari akibat keburukan yang dikhawatirkan akan muncul di masa yang akan datang. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 402, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalânî (773-852 H) menjelaskan, bahwa istig { fa >> r adalah memohon ampunan, baik dilakukan dengan lisan, hati, atau dengan kedua-duanya. Istig { fa > r yang dilakukan hanya sebatas dengan lisan saja adalah bermanfaat. Karena perbuatan itu lebih baik daripada diam, dan dapat membawa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 490, "width": 321, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "(W. 632 H), ‘Awârif al-Ma‘ârif, dalam Ihyâ’ ‘Ulûm al-Dîn, (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyyah, t. t.), V: 303; Bandingkan dengan Syaykh Muhammad Amîn al-Kurdî al-Irbilî, Kitâb Tanwîr al-Qulûb fî Mu‘âmalah ‘Allâm al-Ghuyûb, (Indonesia : Dâr Ihyâ’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, t.t.), hlm. 418 8 Al-Qusyayrî, loc. cit. ; bandingkan dengan Abû Nashr as-Sarrâj ath-Thûsî (W. 378 H/788 M), al-Luma‘, ditakhrîj oleh ‘Abd al-Halîm Mahmûd dan Thaha ‘Abd al-Bâqî Surûr, (Mesir : Dâr al-kutub al-Hadîs \\ ah, 1960), hlm. 68. 9 Al-Qusyayrî, ibid., hlm. 173. 10 Yusuf al-Qardhawi, Taubat, ( al-Taubah ilâ Allâh ), terj . Kathur Suhardi, (Jakarta : Pustaka al-Kautsar, 1998), hlm. 54.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "184", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 209, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "kebiasaan ucapan baik. Sedang istig { fa > r dengan hati lebih bermanfaat, dan istig { fa > r dengan keduanya jauh lebih bermanfaat. Hanya saja, usaha ini – istig { fa > r dengan lisan dan hati – sia-sia belaka, tidak dapat menghapus dosa-dosa yang telah dilakukan, kecuali jika ada taubat . Karenanya, orang yang terus-menerus melakukan tindak maksiat dan meminta mag { firah Allah, bukan berarti ia telah mengimplementasikan taubat . Sehingga dari sisi penggunaan katanya, makna istig { fa > r tidak semakna dengan taubat . Akan tetapi, pada umumnya, banyak orang mengatakan, bahwa kalimat astag { firulla > h, bermakna taubat . Barang siapa punya keyakinan seperti itu, berarti ungkapan istig { fa > r adalah perwujudan taubat . Dan sebagian ulama’ ada yang berpendapat, bahwa taubat tidak akan sempurna, kecuali dengan istig { fa > r, sebagaimana tercamtum dalam surat Hûd ayat 90. 11 Namun pendapat yang masyhur adalah tidak ada persyaratan seperti itu. 12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 286, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Masih berkaitan dengan persoalan taubat dan istig}fa > r, Imam al-Nawawî ad-Dimasyqî (631-676 H) menjelaskan, bahwa menurut ar-Rabî‘ Ibn Khaitsam ra., seseorang hendaknya jangan mengatakan astagfirulla > ha wa atu > bu ilaih ( هيلا بوتأاو هللا رفغتسا ) (aku mohon ampun kepada Allah dan bertaubat kepada-Nya) , karena ucapan itu bisa menyebabkan dosa dan melahirkan perbuatan bohong, ketika ia tidak melakukannya. Namun, hendaknya ia mengatakan alla > hummagfir lî > wa tub ‘alaiyya ( يلع بتو يلرفغا مهللا ) (ya Allah, ampunilah aku, dan terimalah taubatku).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 415, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Menurut Imam Nawawî sendiri, ucapan alla > hummag { fir lî > wa tub ‘alaiyya adalah baik. Hanya saja, dia tidak sependapat, jika ucapan astagfirulla > h menimbulkan kebohongan. Karena makna astagfirulla > h adalah memohon ampunan kepada Allah, dan tidak ada kebohongan di sana. Hal ini didasarkan pada satu hadis Nabi yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mas‘ûd, yang menyatakan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 505, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "رف دق نكا ناو لهرفغ هليا بوتأو مويقلا حيلا وه لاا لهالا يلذا للها رفغتسا : لاق نم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 319, "height": 23, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "11 Artinya : “dan mintalah ampun pada Tuhan kalian dan tawbatlah pada-Nya.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 574, "width": 320, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "12 Ahmad Ibn ‘Alî Ibn Hajar al-‘Asqalânî (773-852 H), Fath { al-Bârî , ditakhrîj dan ditahqîq oleh Muhib ad-Dîn al-Khathîb, Kitâb al-Tawhîd, (Kairo : al-Maktabah al-Salafiyyah, t.t.), XIII: 480.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "185", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 274, "top": 76, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "13 )دواد وبأ هاور( فحزلا نم", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 99, "width": 321, "height": 168, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bagi Ibn Hajar, apa yang dikatakan oleh Imam Nawawî, dalam menyanggah pendapat al-Rabî‘ Ibn Khaitsam dengan menggunakan hadis di atas, perlu dipertimbangkan lagi. Karena, jika hanya melihat teks مويقلا يحلا وه الا هلاال يذلا هللا رفغتسا , maka pendapat Nawawî memang benar. Tapi yang menjadi titik perhatian ar-Rabî‘ Ibn Khaitsam sebagai kedustaan adalah kata هيلا بوتأاو . Yakni ketika seseorang mengucapkannya, namun ia tidak benar-benar ber- taubat . Sehingga menurut Ibn Hajar, ada kemungkinan seseorang mengucapkannya dan melakukan syarat- syarat taubat , dan boleh jadi yang dimaksudkan ar-Rabî‘ adalah paduan dua lafazh itu, tidak semata pada lafazh astaghfirullâh. Sehingga semua perkataannya dianggap benar. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 273, "width": 321, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis tentang 2. Taubat dan Istigfa > r Taubat dari perbuatan dosa yang dilakukan oleh seorang mukmin, dalam perjalanannya menuju Allah merupakan kewajiban beragama yang tidak mungkin dihindari. Karena hal tersebut diperintahkan oleh al-Qur’an al-Karim dan dianjurkan oleh Sunnah Nabawi. Semua ulama pun menyepakatinya, baik ulama Zhahiriyyah, Bathiniyyah, fiqih maupun pemerhati perilaku. 15 Karena pentingnya ilmu tentang taubat ini, yang berhubungan erat dengan istig { fa > r, penulis akan mengabstraksikan sebagian hadis-hadis Nabi yang berkaitan dengan keduanya, yang penulis anggap penting dan representatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 436, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نحمرلا دبع نب ةملس وبأ نيبرخا لاق يرهزلا نع بيعش انبرخا نامليا وبا انثدح)1(", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 478, "width": 320, "height": 95, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "13 Artinya : “Barang siapa yang berkata astaghfirullâh alladzi lâ ilâha illâ huwa al-hay al-qayyûm wa atûbu ilayh, maka ia telah diampuni, meskipun telah melarikan diri dari medan peperangan.” (HR. Abû Dâwud) Abû Dâwud Sulaymân Ibn al-Asy‘ats al-Sijistânî (W. 275 H), Sunan Abî Dâwud , Kitâb al- Shalâh, ditahqîq oleh Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz al-Khâlidî, Kitâb al-Shalâh, Bâb fî al-Istighfâr , cet. Ke-1 (Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1996), no. hadis 1517, I: 445; Muhyî al-Dîn Abî Zakariyâ Yahyâ Ibn Syaraf an-Nawawî ad-Dimasyqî asy- Syâfi‘î (631-676 H), al-Adzkâr al-Muntakhabah min Kalâm Sayyid al-Abrâr , (Bairut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 574, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.), hlm. 361.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 586, "width": 153, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "14 Ibn Hajar, Fathl- Bari, XIII: 480. 15 Yusuf al-Qardhawi, Taubah..., hlm. 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "186", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "للهارفغتسلا نيا للهاو لوقي ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر تعمس ةريره وبأ لاق لاق", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 97, "width": 235, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "16 ) هريغو يراخبلا هاور ( ةرم ينعبس نم ثركا موليا في هليا بوتاو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 123, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Abû al-Yamân telah menceritakan pada kami, Syu‘ayb telah memberi khabar pada kami, dari az-Zuhrî, ia berkata : Abû Salamah Ibn ‘Abd ar- Rahmân telah memberi khabar padaku, dia berkata : Abû Hurairah berkata : saya mendengar Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘demi Allah, sesungguhnya aku meminta ampun pada Allah dan bertaubat pada-Nya lebih dari tujuh puluh kali dalam sehari’.” (H.R. Al-Bukhârî dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 209, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "حيي لاق داحم نع اعيجم كىتعلا عيبرلا وبأو ديعس نب ةبيتقو حيي نب حيي انثدح )2( وسر نا ةبحص له تنكاو نيزلما رغلاا نع ةدرب بيا نع تباث نع ديز نب داحم انبرخا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 251, "width": 307, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "17 ) هريغو ملسم هاور ( ةرم ةئام موليا في للها رفغتسلا نياو بيلق ناغلي هنا :لاق للها ل", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 277, "width": 300, "height": 91, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Yahya Ibn Yahya, Qutaybah Ibn Sa‘îd dan Abû Rabî‘ al-‘Atakî telah menceritakan pada kami dari Hammâd. Yahya berkata, Hammâd Ibn Zayd memberi khabar pada kami, dari Tsâbit, dari Abû Burdah, dari al-Aghar al-Mazanî, yang mempunyai status sahabat, sesungguhnya Rasulullah bersabda : ‘sesungguhnya hatiku sedang lupa, dan sesungguhnya aku memohon ampun (ber-istigfa > r) pada Allah seratus kali dalam sehari’.” (H.R. Muslim dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 377, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نيثدح )بابخ( بانج وبا يركب نب دليولا انث يرمن نب للها دبع نب دممح انثدح)3( دبع نب رباج نع بيسلما نب ديعس نع ديز نب ليع نع يودعلا دممح نب للها دبع لبق للها لىا اوبوت ! سالنا اهيااي لاقف ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر انبطخ لاق للها", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 437, "width": 263, "height": 19, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "18 ) هجام نبا هاور ( اولـغشت نا لبق ةلحاصلا لامعلااب اوردابو اوتومت نا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 466, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "16 Abû ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Ismâ‘îl al-Bukhârî, Matan al-Bukhârî,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 478, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kitâb al-Da‘awât, Bâb Afdlal al-Istighfâr, (Semarang : Maktabah Usaha Keluarga, t.t.) IV: 99; lihat juga Ibn Mâjah, op. cit., Kitâb al-Adâb, Bâb al-Istighfâr, no. hadis 3815, II: 1254; Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Hanbal (164-241 H), al-Musnad Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Hanbal, disyarah oleh Ahmad Muhammad Syâkir, (Bairut : Dâr al-Jîl, 1994), no. hadis 7780, XXIV: 205.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 538, "width": 320, "height": 71, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "17 Muslim, Ibid., Kitâb az-Zikr wa ad-Du‘â’ wa at-Taubah wa al-Istighfâr, Bâb Istihbâb al-Istighfâr wa al-Istiktsâr minhu, II: 474; lihat juga Ibn Majah, ibid. no. hadis 3816; Abû Dâwud, Sunan Abu Dawud. , Kitâb as}-S}alâh, Bâb fî al-Istighfâr , no. hadis 1515, hlm. 445. 18 Ibn Mâjah, ibid., bâ > b Fi Fard { al-Jum‘ah, Kitâ > b Iqâ > mat as { -S { alâ > t wa as-Sunnah Fîhâ , no. hadis 1081, I: 343.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "187", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 74, "width": 301, "height": 105, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Numayr telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Walîd Ibn Bukair – Abu > Janna > b (Khabba > b) – telah menceritakan pada kami, ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Muhammad al-‘Adawî telah menceritakan padaku, dari ‘Alî Ibn Zayd, dari Sa‘i > d Ibn al-Musyyab, dari Jâbir Ibn ‘Abd Allâh berkata : Rasulullah Saw. meng-khutbahi kami, seraya bersabda : ‘wahai manusia ! taubatlah kalian semua kepada Allah sebelum kalian mati. Bergegaslah melaksanakan amal shalih sebelum kalian sibuk......’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 188, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "بيأ نع ةرم نب ورمع نع ةبعش نع ردنغ انثدح ةبيش بيأ نب ركب وبأ انثدح)4( رمع نبا ثديح ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا باحصا نم نكاو رغلأا تعمس لاق ةدرب موليا في بوتأ نياف للها لىا اوبوت سالنا اهيأي ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 250, "width": 100, "height": 19, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "19 ) ملسم هاور ( ةرم ةئام هليا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 276, "width": 300, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Abû Bakar Ibn Abî Syaybah telah menceritakan pada kami, Ghandar telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Syu‘bah, dari ‘Amr Ibn Murrah, dari Abî Burdah berkata : saya mendengar al-Aghar – termasuk salah satu sahabat Nabi Saw. – berbincang-bincang dengan Ibn ‘Umar, seraya dia berkata, Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘wahai manusia, taubatlah kalian semua pada Allah. Karena sesungguhnya aku taubat pada-Nya seratus kali sehari’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 375, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نع دانز بيأ نع ةيرغلما انثدح بينعقلا بنعق نب ةملسم نب للها دبع نيثدح)5( ةبوتب احرف دشا لله ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق ةريره بيأ نع جارعلاا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 417, "width": 231, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "20 ) هريغو ملسم هاور ( اهدجو اذا هلتاضب مكدحا نم مكدحأ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 443, "width": 300, "height": 51, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“‘Abdullah Ibn Maslamah Ibn Qa‘nab al-Qa‘nabî telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Mughîrah telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Abî Zinâd, dari al- A‘raj, dari Abû Hurairah berkata : Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘sungguh Allah sangat bahagia dengan taubat seseorang, dibanding kebahagiaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 514, "width": 320, "height": 95, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "19 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâ > b az-Zikr wa ad-Du‘â’ wa at-Taubah wa al- Istighfâr, Bâb Istih { bâ > b al-Istighfâr wa al-Istiktsâr minhu , II: 474. 20 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Fî al-Hadl ‘alâ at-Taubah wa al-Farah Bihâ , II: 490; Ibn Hanbal, op. cit., no. hadis 8177, XXVI: 79; hadis senada juga dapat dilihat dalam Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitâb az-Zuhd, Bâb Zikr al-Taubah, no. hadis 4277, II: 1419; at-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitâb ad-Da‘awât, no. hadis 3538, IV: 386; dan hadis semakna juga dapat dilihat di Bukhârî, Sahih Bukhari., Kitâb ad-Da‘awât, Bâb at-Taubah, IV: 99", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "188", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "seseorang yang menemukan barangnya yang hilang’.” (H.R. Muslim dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 320, "height": 79, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "بيأ نع ملسأ نب ديز نيثدح ةسريم نب صفح انثدح ديعس نب ديوس نيثدح)6( و زع للها لاق لاق هنا ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر نع ةريره بيأ نع حلاص نم هدبع ةبوتب حرفا لله للها و نيركذي ثيح هعم انأو بي يدبع نظ دنع انأ لج ليا برقت نم و عاارذ هليا تبرقت ابرش ليا برقت نمو ةلافلاب هلتاض ديج مكدحا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 190, "width": 281, "height": 19, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "21 ) ملسم هاور ( لورهأ هليا تلبقأ شيمي ليا لبقا اذاو عااب هليا تبرقت عاارذ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 216, "width": 300, "height": 142, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Suwayd Ibn Sa‘îd telah menceritakan padaku, Hafsh Ibn Maysarah telah menceritakan pada kami, Zayd Ibn Aslam telah menceritakan padaku, dari Abî Shâlih, dari Abû Hurairah, dari Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : Allah azza wa jalla berfirman : ‘Saya berada dalam persangkaan hamba-Ku terhadap- Ku, dan Aku besertanya selama dia mengingat-Ku. Demi Allah, Allah lebih senang dengan taubat hamba-Nya, daripada kesenangan salah seorang di antara kalian yang memperoleh kembali hewannya yang hilang di hamparan tanah. Siapa yang mendekat pada-Ku sejengkal, Aku mendekat kepadanya sehasta. Siapa yang mendekat kepada-Ku sehasta, Aku mendekat kepadanya sedepa. Jika dia datang kepadaku dengan berjalan, Aku datang kepadanya dengan berlari-lari kecil’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 367, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "لداخ نبا بيهو انث شىاقرلا للها دبع نب دممح انث مىرالدا ديعس نب دحما انثدح)7( للها لوسر لاق لاق هيبأ نع للها دبع نب ةديبع بيأ نع ميركلا دبع نع رمعم انث", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 409, "width": 188, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "22 ) هجام نبا هاور (له بنذ لا نمك بنلذا نم بئالتا", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 435, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ahmad Ibn Sa‘îd ad-Darimî telah menceritakan pada kami, Muhammad Ibn ‘Abd Allâh ar-Raqâsyî telah menceritakan pada kami, Wahayb Ibn Khâlid telah menceritakan pada kami, Ma‘mar telah menceritakan pada kami, dari ‘Abd al-Karîm, dari Abû ‘Abîdah Ibn ‘Abd Allâh, dari ayahnya, berkata : Rasulullah bersabda : ‘orang yang bertaubat dari perbuatan dosa, adalah seperti orang yang tidak mempunyai dosa’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 521, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ميرم بيأ نب دايز نع يرزلجا ميركلا دبع نب نايفس انثرامع نب ماشهانثدح)8(", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 562, "width": 319, "height": 47, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "21 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Fî al-Hadl ‘alâ at-Taubah wa al-Farah Bihâ , II: 489-490 22 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitâb az-Zuhd, Bâb Zikr at-Taubah, no. hadis 4250, II: 1419", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "189", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 75, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "مدلنا للها لوسر لاق لوقي هتعمسف للها دبع على بيأ عم تلخد :لاق لقعم نبا نع", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 97, "width": 299, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "23 )هجام نبا هاور(معن لاق ؟ ةبوت مدلنا لوقي بيلنا تعمس تنا بيأ له لاقف ةبوت", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 123, "width": 300, "height": 90, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Hisyâm Ibn ‘Ammâr telah menceritakan pada kami, Sufyân Ibn ‘Abd al- Karîm al-Jazarî telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Ziyâd Ibn Abî Maryam, dari Ibn Ma‘qal berkata : saya berserta ayah masuk ke (rumah) ‘Abd Allâh. Kemudian saya mendengarnya berkata, bahwa Rasulullah bersabda : ‘penyesalan merupakan (bagian) taubat.’ Lalu ayahku bertanya padanya, apakah kamu mendengar Nabi bersabda, bahwa penyesalan adalah taubat ? ‘Abd Allâh menjawab : ya.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 222, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نع هيبأ نع نابوث نبا نع ملسم نب دليولا انئابنأ ليمرلا ديعس نب دشار انثدح)9( ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع ورمع نب للها دبع نع يرفن نب يربج نع لوحكم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 264, "width": 278, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "24 ) هريغو هجام نبا هاور ( رغرغي ملام دبعلا ةبوت لبقلي لج و زع للها نا لاق", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 290, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Râsyid Ibn Sa‘îd ar-Ramlî telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Walîd Ibn Muslim telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Ibn Tsauban, dari ayahnya, dari Makhûl, dari Jubayr Ibn Nufayr, dari ‘Abd Allâh Ibn ‘Amr, dari Nabi Saw. Bersabda : ‘sesungguhnya Allah azza wa jalla akan menerima taubat seseorang, selama ajal belum sampai pada tenggorokan’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 376, "width": 320, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "بيأ نع نييرس نب دممح نع ناسح نب ماشه نع ميهاربا نب ليعامسا انثدح)10( نم سمشلا علطت نا لبق بات نم ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق ةريره", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 418, "width": 133, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "25 ) ملسم هاور ( هيلع للها بات اهبرغم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 444, "width": 301, "height": 64, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ismâ ‘îl Ibn Ibrâhîm telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Hisyâm Ibn Hisân, dari Muhammad Ibn Sîrîn, dari Abû Hurairah berkata, Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : ‘Barang siapa bertaubat sebelum matahari terbit dari tempat peraduannya (barat), niscaya Allah akan menerima taubatnya’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 517, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نع ناقرب نب رفعج انث ةيواعم وبا انث نييدلما بس كا نب ديحم نب بوقعي انثدح)11(", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 550, "width": 318, "height": 59, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "23 Ibid., no. hadis 4252. 24 Ibid., no. hadis 4253; lihat juga at-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitâb ad- Da‘awât, no. hadis 3537, IV: 385. 25 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb az-Zikr wa ad-Du‘â’ wa at-Taubah wa al- Istighfâr, Bâ > b Istihbâ > b al-Istighfâ > r wa al-Istiktsâr minhu, II: 475.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "190", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 320, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "تىح مت ءاطخا ول لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع ةريره بيا نع مصلاا نب ديزي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 97, "width": 238, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "26 ) هجام نبا هاور (مكيلع بالت متبت مث ءامسلا مكاياطخ غلبت", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 123, "width": 300, "height": 77, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ya’qûb Ibn Humayd Ibn Kâsib al-Madînî telah menceritakan pada kami, Abû Mu‘âwiyah telah menceritakan pada kami, Ja‘far Ibn Burqân telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Yazîd Ibn al-Asham, dari Abû Hurairah, dari Nabi Saw. bersabda : ‘andai kalian berbuat salah hingga kesalahan kalian mencapai (ketinggian) langit, kemudian kalian bertaubat, niscaya Allah akan menerima taubat kalian’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 209, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "لاق ةرم نب ورمع نع ةبعش انثدح رفعج نب دممح انثدح نيثلما نب دممح انثدح)12( للها نا لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع سىوم بيأ نع ثديح ةديبع ابأ تعمس ليللا ئسم بوتلي راهلناب هدي طسبيو راهلنا ئسم بوتلي ليللاب هدي طسبي لجو زع", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 271, "width": 167, "height": 19, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "27 ) ملسم هاور ( اهبرغم نم سمشلا علطت تىح", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 297, "width": 300, "height": 116, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Muhammad Ibn al-Matsanî telah menceritakan pada kami, Muhammad Ibn Ja‘far telah menceritakan pada kami, Syu‘bah telah menceritakan pada kami, dari ‘Amr Ibn Murrah berkata : saya mendengar Abû ‘Ubaydah menceritakan dari Abû Mûsâ, dari Nabi Saw. bersabda : ‘Sesungguhnya Allah azza wa jalla membentangkan Tangan-Nya pada malam hari untuk mengampuni pelaku kejahatan pada siang hari, dan membentangkan Tangan-Nya pada siang hari untuk mengampuni pelaku kejahatan pada malam hari, hingga matahari terbit dari tempat peraduannya’.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 422, "width": 320, "height": 119, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نب للها دبع نب قاحسا نع ةملس نب داحم انثدح داحم نب علىلأا دبع نيثدح)13( و هيلع للها لىص بيلنا نع ةريره بيا نع ةرمع بيأ نب نحمرلا دبع نع ةحلط بيأ لاقف بينذ ليرفغا للهمأ لاقف ابنذ يدبع بنذأ لاق لجو زع هبر نع كييح اميف ملس دعا مث بن لذاب ذخأيو بنلذا رفغي ابر له نأ ملعف ابنذ يدبع بنذأ لىاعت و كرابت له نأ ملعف ابنذ بنذأ يدبع لىاعت و كرابت لاقف بينذ لي رفغا بر يأ لاقف بنذأف كرابت لاقف بينذ لي رفغا بر يأ لاقف بنذأف دعا مث بنلذاب ذخأيو بنلذا رفغي ابر", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 562, "width": 319, "height": 47, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "26 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah, Kitâb al-Zuhd, Bâ > b Zikr at-Taubah , no. hadis 4248, II: 1419. 27 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Qubû > l at-Taubah Min az- Zunûb wa in Takarrarat az-Zunûb wa at-Taubah, II: 496.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "191", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 75, "width": 321, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "تئش ام لمعا بنلذاب ذخأيو بنلذا رفغي ابر له نأ ملعف ابنذ يدبع بنذأ لىاعت و هاور (تئشام لمعا ةعبارلا وا ةلثالثا في لاقأ يردالا علىلأا دبع لاق كل ترفغ دقف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 115, "width": 67, "height": 19, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "28 ) ملسم و يراخبلا", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 141, "width": 300, "height": 259, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“‘Abd al-A‘lâ Ibn Hammâd telah menceritakan padaku, Hammâd Ibn Salamah telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Ishâq Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn Abî Thalhah, dari ‘Abd ar-Rahmân Ibn Abî ‘Imarah, dari Abû Hurairah, dari Nabi Saw. tentang sesuatu yang diceritakan dari Tuhannya azza wa jalla. Allah berfirman : hamba-Ku telah berbuat dosa. Lalu dia berkata : Ya Allah, ampunilah dosaku. Kemudian Allah tabâraka wa ta‘âlâ berfirman lagi : hamba-Ku telah melakukan dosa. Lalu dia mengetahui, bahwa ia mempunyai Tuhan yang dapat mengampuni dan menindak sebab dosanya. Selanjutnya ia pun kembali melakukan dosa lagi yang lain. Lalu dia berkata : wahai Tuhanku, ampunilah dosaku. Kemudian Allah tabaraka wa ta‘ala kembali berfirman : hamba-Ku telah melakukan dosa lagi. Lalu dia mengetahui, bahwa ia mempunyai Tuhan yang dapat mengampuni dan menindak karena dosanya. Kemudian ia pun kembali melakukan dosa lagi yang lain. Lalu dia berkata : wahai Tuhanku, ampunilah dosaku. Kemudian Allah tabaraka wa ta‘ala kembali berfirman : hamba-Ku telah melakukan dosa lagi. Lalu dia mengetahui, bahwa ia mempunyai Tuhan yang dapat mengampuni dan menindak karena dosanya. Berbuatlah sesuatu sesukamu. Karena Aku telah mengampunimu. ‘Abd al-A‘lâ berkata : saya tidak mengetahui, kata- kata ‘Berbuatlah sesuatu sesukamu’ apakah diucapkan yang ke tiga atau ke empat kali.” (H.R. Bukhârî dan Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 409, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "للها دبع بيأ و ةملس بيأ نع باهش نبا نع كلام نع ةملسم نب للها دبع انثدح )14( انبر لنزي لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص للها لوسر نأ هنع للها ضير ةريره بيأ نع رغلاا نيوعدي نم لوقي رخلاا ليللا ثلث قىبي ينح اينلدا ءامس لىا ةللي كل لىاعتو كرابت", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 83, "top": 469, "width": 297, "height": 19, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "29 ) هريغو يراخبلا هاور ( له رفغاف نيرفغتسي نم هيطعاف نيلأسي نم له بيجتساف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 495, "width": 300, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“‘Abdullah Ibn Maslamah telah menceritakan kepada kami, dari Mâlik,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 519, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "28 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kitâb at-Taubah, Bâb Qubûl at-Taubah Min az- Zunub wa in Takarrarat az-Zunub wa at-Taubah, juz II, hlm. 495; Bukhârî, Mawsû‘ah as-Sunnah al-Kutub as-Sittah wa Syurûhihâ, Shahîh al-Bukhârî, Kitâb al-Tawhîd,Bâb Qawl Allâh Ta‘âlâ Yurîdûna an Yubaddilû Kalâm Allâh, jilid III, cet. Ke-2 (Istanbul : Dâr Sahnûn dan Cagri Yayin Lari, 1992) VIII: 199-200.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 578, "width": 320, "height": 36, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "29 Bukhârî , Mawsû‘ah as-Sunnah ... , Kitâ > b at-Tahajjud, Ba > b ad-Du‘â’ wa as { - S { ala > h min A < khir al-Layl , II: 47; at-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Kitâb ad-Da‘awât, no. hadis 3498, IV: 365", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "192", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 92, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "dari Ibn Syihâb, dari Abû Salamah dan Abû ‘Abd Allâh al-Aghar, dari Abû Hurairah ra., sesungguhnya Rasulullah Saw. bersabda : “setiap malam, Tuhan kita taba > raka wa ta‘a > lâ > turun ke langit dunia sepertiga malam yang akhir. Kemudian Dia berfirman : barang siapa berdoa kepada-Ku, niscaya Aku akan mengabulkannya; barang siapa meminta kepada-Ku, niscaya Aku akan memberinya; barang siapa memohon ampun (ber-istigfa > r), niscaya Aku akan mengampuninya”.” (H.R. Bukhârî dan lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 175, "width": 320, "height": 79, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "عيزولأا انبرخأ كرابلما نب للها دبع انثدح سىوم نب دممح نب دحمأ انثدح )15( للها لوسر لىوم نابوث نيثدح لاق بيحرلا ءامسأ وبأ نيثدح رامعوبأ دادش نيثدح فصرني نأ دارأ اذا ملسو هيلع للها لىص للها لوسر نكا لاق ملس و هيلع للها لىص تكرابت ملاسلا كنمو ملاسلا تنأ للهما لاق مث تارم ثلاث للها رفغتسا هتلاص نم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 257, "width": 205, "height": 19, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "30 ) امهريغو دواد وبأاو يذمرتلا هاور ( ماركلااو للالجا اذاي", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 283, "width": 300, "height": 116, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Mûsâ telah menceritakan kepada kami, ‘Abdullah Ibn al-Mubârak telah menceritakan kepada kami, al-Auza‘î telah memberi khabar kepada kami, Syaddâd Abû ‘Ammâr telah menceritakan kepadaku, Abû Asmâ’ ar-Rahabî telah menceritakan kepadaku, ia berkata : Tsauban, budak Rasulullah Saw. berkata : apabila Rasulullah Saw. akan berpaling (selesai) dari shalatnya, beliau memohon ampun (ber-istigfar) kepada Allah tiga kali, kemudian berdoa Allâhumma anta as-salâm wa minka as-salâm tabârakta yâ zâ al-jalâl wa al-ikrâm.” (H.R. at-Tirmidzî dan Abû Dâwud serta lainnya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 408, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "نب دممح نع بعصم نب مكلحا انث ملسم نب دليولا انث رامع نب ماشه انثدح )16( لىص للها ل وسر لاق لاق سابع نب للها دبع نع هثدح هنا سابع نب للها دبع نب على اجرمخ قيض كل نمو اجرف مه كل نم له للها لعج رفغتسلاا مزل نم ملس و هيلع للها", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 188, "top": 468, "width": 203, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "31 ) دوادوباو هجام نبا هاور ( بستيح لا ثيح نم هقزرو", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 494, "width": 300, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Hisyâm Ibn ‘Ammâr telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Walîd Ibn Muslim telah menceritakan pada kami, al-Hakam Ibn Mush‘ab telah menceritakan pada kami, dari Muhammad Ibn ‘Alî Ibn ‘Abd Allâh Ibn ‘Abâs,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 542, "width": 320, "height": 71, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "30 At-Tirmidzî, Sunan at-Tirmizi, Abwâb as { -S { ala > h, Bâb Ma > Yaqu > lu Iz \\ a > Sallama min as { -S { ala > h, , no. hadis 300, I: 225; Abû Dâwud, Sunan Abu Dawud, Kita > b as { - S { ala > h, Ba > b Ma > Yaqu > l ar-Rajul Iz { a > Sallam , no. hadis 1513, I: 444. 31 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibn Majah, Kita > b al-Adab, Ba > b al-Istig { fa > r , no. hadis 3819, II: 1254-1255; lihat juga Abu > Da > wud, Sunan Abu Dawud , Kits > b as { -S { ala > h, Ba > b fi > al- Istigfa > r , no. hadis 1518, I: 445", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "193", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 90, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "sesungguhnya al-Hakam menceritakannya dari ‘Abdullah Ibn ‘Abâs, dia berkata : Rasulullah bersabda : ‘Barang siapa melanggengkan istigfar (selalu membaca istigfar / memohon ampun pada Allah), maka Allah akan memberi solusi (jalan keluar) atas semua kesulitannya (problematika hidupnya), setiap kesusahannya akan menjadi kebahagiaan, dan Allah akan memberinya rizki yang tidak diduga-duga sebelumnya’.” (H.R. Ibn Mâjah dan Abû Dâwud)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 173, "width": 320, "height": 44, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Memahami Hadis Nabi Tentang 3. Taubat dan Istigfa > r Dari masing-masing hadis tentang taubat dan istig { fa > r di atas, yang telah penulis abstraksikan, dapat dipahami sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 221, "width": 321, "height": 111, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis pertama dan kedua menerangkan tentang taubat dan istig { fa > r yang dilakukan oleh Nabi. Hadis pertama menjelaskan, bahwa dalam sehari, Nabi ber- istig { fa > r dan taubat lebih dari tujuh puluh kali. Secara redaksional, hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh al-Bukhârî dan lainnya ini, tidak menyebutkan bilangan yang jelas. Sehingga hadis ini memberi pelajaran, bahwa dalam melaksanakan istigfa > r dan taubat, tidak terbatas bilangannya, atau melebihi tujuh puluh kali. 32", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 336, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Selain itu, dalam mengungkapkan hadis tersebut, Nabi mengukuhkannya dengan menggunakan huruf qasam (sumpah) walla > hi (demi Allah) dan huruf taukî > d inna (sesungguhnya). Ini menunjukkan, Nabi sangat bersungguh-sungguh saat melakukan istigfa > r dan taubat , sekaligus menganjurkan kepada umatnya untuk melakukan istigfa > r dan taubat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 423, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berbeda dengan hadis yang kedua, yang diriwayatkan oleh Muslim dan lainnya, dimana Nabi mengungkapkan bilangan istigfa > r -nya secara jelas, yakni : dalam sehari, Nabi ber- istigfa > r sebanyak seratus kali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 478, "width": 321, "height": 86, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan makna al-g}ain dalam kalimat ناغيل هنا يبلق , menurut Ibn Hajar, mempunyai beberapa arti. Pertama, arti al-g { ain adalah kekosongan hati dari zikir. Dimana zikir itu sendiri merupakan aktifitas rutin Nabi. Apabila Nabi merasa kehilangan zikir itu, karena ada satu persoalan misalnya, maka Nabi menganggap hal itu sebagai perbuatan dosa. Dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 586, "width": 320, "height": 23, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "32 As { -S { iddîqî asy-Syâfi‘î, Kitab Dalil..., I: 94; Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari., Kita > b ad-Da‘awa > t, Ba > b Istig { fa > r an-Nabi, II: 104.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "194", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 139, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "karenanya, Nabi lantas ber- istig}fa > r. Kedua, al-g}ain berarti kondisi psikologis yang bisa mencela hati. Ketiga, al-gain berarti ketenangan yang menyelubungi hatinya. Sedangkan istigfa > r adalah untuk menampakkan nilai ‘ubudiyyah kepada Allah dan bersyukur kepada-Nya. Keempat, al-g { ain berarti kondisi takut dan mengagungkan Allah. Sedang istigfar merupakan bentuk rasa syukurnya. 33 Sedangkan menurut Imam al-Husain Ibn Mas‘ûd al- Baghawî (436-516 H), makna al-gain dalam hadis tersebut adalah terhalang atau tertutup. Sehingga seolah-olah hati Nabi tertutupi oleh sesuatu. 34", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 216, "width": 320, "height": 167, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ada satu hal yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan dalam kedua hadis di atas, bahwa Nabi Muhammad – utusan Allah yang selalu dijaga oleh Allah Swt. dari segala bentuk kemaksiatan, kesalahan dan dosa yang akan diperbuatnya ( ma‘s}û > m ), sebaik- baiknya makhluk, dan dosa-dosa yang sudah atau belum dilakukannya sudah diampuni oleh Allah – telah melakukan taubat dan istigfa > r sebanyak tujuh puluh hingga seratus kali, bahkan lebih dalam sehari. Sedang adanya istig { fa > r atau taubat dari seseorang, menunjukkan adanya kesalahan, dosa atau maksiat yang telah dilakukannya. Secara implisit, hadis tersebut memberi pemahaman, bahwa Nabi mempunyai kesalahan dan dosa. Dari sinilah timbul beberapa pendapat di kalangan para ulama’.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 387, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Mushthafâ Sa‘îd al-Khin, Musthafâ al-Bughâ, dkk, dalam Nuzhat al-Muttaqi > n Syarh Riyâ > dl as { -S { a > lih { i > n , menyatakan, bahwa hadis di atas merupakan anjuran bagi umat Muhammad, untuk melakukan taubat dan istig { fa > r, dan sebagai sarana pengajaran Nabi kepada umatnya, sekaligus untuk menambah derajat Nabi secara pribadi di sisi Allah. 35", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 474, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Ibn Hajar, ada beberapa pendapat tentang taubat dan istigfa > r yang dilakukan oleh Nabi. Pertama, bahwa setiap orang tidak bisa menghindari kesalahan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 536, "width": 320, "height": 47, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "33 Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari, II: 104. 34 Al-Imâm al-Muhaddits al-Faqîh al-Husayn Ibn Mas‘ûd al-Bagawî (436-516 H), Syarh as-Sunnah , ditahqîq oleh Syu‘ayb Arna’u > t { , cet. Ke-1 (Bairut : al-Maktabah al-Islâmî, 1983), V: 70.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 584, "width": 320, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "35 Musht { afâ Sa‘îd al-Khin, Musthafâ al-Bugâ, dkk, Nuzhat al-Muttaqîn Syarh Riyâdl al-Shâlihîn, cet. Ke- 14 (Bairut : Mu’assasah ar-Risâlah, 1991),I: 31", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "195", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 71, "width": 321, "height": 280, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "sudah menjadi watak manusia. Meskipun para nabi itu ma‘s } u > m dari dosa-dosa besar, mereka tidak ma‘s { u > m dari dosa-dosa kecil. Hanya saja, pendapat ini menyalahi pendapat yang terpilih, yakni ke- ma‘shûm- an para nabi juga dari dosa-dosa kecil. Kedua, para nabi adalah sosok manusia yang sangat tekun dan berhati-hati dalam menjalankan ibadah, karena ma‘rifat yang telah diberikan Allah kepada mereka. Mereka selalu bersyukur kepada-Nya dan mengakui kelalaian mereka di hadapan-Nya. Sehingga istigfa > r yang dilakukan oleh Nabi adalah karena kelalaiannya dalam menjalankan al-haq yang wajib kepada Allah. Bisa jadi kelalaian itu terjadi karena kesibukan-kesibukan Nabi terhadap hal-hal yang mubâ > h, seperti makan, minum, tidur, istirahat, jima‘ dan lain-lain, yang menghalanginya untuk ber- zikir , ber- tadlarru ‘, ber- musyâ > hadah dan ber- murâ > qabah kepada Allah. Hal semacam ini, dalam pandangan Nabi, merupakan perbuatan dosa, dengan dinisbatkan pada maqâ > m yang tinggi, yakni kehadiran dirinya di hadapan Allah. Ketiga, istigfa > r Nabi merupakan perintah syari’at bagi umatnya, atau Nabi memohonkan ampun atas dosa- dosa yang dilakukan oleh umatnya, sebagaimana syafaat yang diberikan olehnya kepada mereka. 36", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 354, "width": 321, "height": 97, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dua hadis di atas memberi pelajaran, agar setiap hari, setiap saat, seseorang agar terus-menerus memohon ampun dan ber- taubat kepada Allah. Jika Rasul yang ma‘s}û > m saja ber- istig { fa > r dan bertaubat lebih dari tujuh puluh hingga seratus kali, bahkan lebih, maka bagaimana dengan manusia biasa yang sering dikalahkan oleh dan menuruti hawa nafsu. Tentu, taubat dan istigfa > r- nya harus lebih banyak, daripada apa yang telah dilakukan oleh Nabi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 455, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan validitas hadisnya, karena kedua hadis di atas diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî, Muslim dan lainnya, maka hadis tersebut tergolong hadis s { ahi > h.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 500, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketiga dan keempat menerangkan tentang seruan untuk segera ber taubat . Hadis tersebut mengisyaratkan, bahwa manusia secara umum diperintahkan untuk ber taubat dari segala bentuk kemaksiatan, kezaliman dan dosa yang telah diperbuat, sebelum ajal menjemput. Karena taubat setelah kematian datang,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 586, "width": 318, "height": 23, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "36 Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari, , Kita > b ad-Da‘awa > t , II: 105; lihat juga as { -S { iddîqî asy- Syâfi‘î, Kitab Dalil...., VII: 309-310.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "196", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 111, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "tidak ada manfaatnya. Dan yang perlu diingat adalah, manusia tidak mengetahui kapan ia akan meninggal. Oleh karena itu, taubat kepada Allah sedini mungkin, untuk mempersiapkan diri bertemu Allah dan menyongsong kematian adalah tindakan bijaksana. Selain itu, ia juga dianjurkan untuk segera melakukan amal shaleh, sebelum disibukkan dengan aktivitas-aktivitas lain, yang menyebabkan sulit untuk beramal shaleh. Kedua hadis tersebut seiring semakna dengan Q.S. Ali ‘Imrân ayat 133. 37", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 188, "width": 320, "height": 28, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dan kedua hadis tersebut dapat dikatakan termasuk hadis sahi > h , karena diriwayatkan oleh Muslim dan Ibn Mâjah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 219, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kelima dan keenam menjelaskan tentang posisi orang ber- taubat di sisi Allah. Dimana Allah Swt. sangat bahagia dan bangga terhadap hamba-Nya yang mau ber taubat atas segala dosa dan kesalahannya. Dan kebahagiaan itu tidak ternilai harganya, jika dibandingkan kebahagiaan seseorang yang mendapatkan barangnya yang hilang. Karena Allah sangat bahagia, maka otomatis Allah pun meridlai hamba tersebut. 38 Karena kedua hadis itu diriwayatkan oleh Muslim, maka hadis tersebut dapat dikategorikan hadis s}ahî > h.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 348, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketujuh menjelaskan, bahwa orang yang benar-benar taubat , dalam pandangan Allah, adalah seperti orang yang tidak mempunyai dosa. Karena dosa-dosanya telah diampuni oleh- Nya. Karena, sebagaimana disabdakan oleh Nabi, barang siapa mengakui dosa-dosanya dan ber- taubat kepada Allah, niscaya Allah akan menerima taubat -nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 440, "width": 277, "height": 19, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "39 ) يراخبلا هاور ( هيلع للها بات للها لىا بات مث هبنذب فترعااذا دبعلا ناف", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 463, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis tersebut juga termasuk hadis s { ahî > h , karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 493, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kedelapan menjelaskan bagian indikasi taubat, dan menjadi persyaratan taubat yang paling esensial, yakni menyesali semua perbuatan dosa yang pernah dilakukannya, dan tidak akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 319, "height": 23, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "37 Artinya : “Dan bersegeralah kalian semua pada ampunan Tuhanmu dan surga yang luasnya seluas langit dan bumi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 574, "width": 319, "height": 35, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "38 As { -S { iddi > qi > asy-Sya > fi‘i > , Kitab Dalil..., I: 96-97. 39 Al-Bukha > ri > , Mawsû‘ah…, , , Kita > b al-Maga > zi > , Bâb XXXIV,V: 59; atau juz VI, Kitâb Tafsîr al-Qur’ân, Bâb VI, Surat al-Nûr, hlm. 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "197", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 72, "width": 321, "height": 69, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "mengulanginya lagi. Sehingga taubat, tanpa dibarengi adanya perasaan penyesalan, maka tidak ada artinya di hadapan Allah. Dan dalam melaksanakan taubat itu hendaknya semata-mata untuk mencari ridla Allah Swt.. 40 Hadis tersebut tergolong s}ahî > h , karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 144, "width": 321, "height": 181, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kesembilan dan kesepuluh menerangkan batasan waktu taubat . Dimana di antara syarat taubat adalah adanya taubat sebelum g}arg}arah dan sebelum matahari terbit dari barat. G{arg}arah secara etimologis berarti bolak-baliknya air atau obat di kerongkongan alias tidak bisa masuk ke dalam. 41 Kata ini biasa diartikan sebagai keadaan, dimana ruh manusia akan keluar dari jasad, yang biasa terjadi pada orang yang akan meninggal dunia. 42 Pada saat seperti inilah, taubat sudah tidak diterima di sisi Allah. Karena diantara syarat taubat adalah adanya penyesalan dan tidak akan mengulangi perbuatan dosanya. Hal ini hanya mungkin dapat dilakukan oleh mereka yang masih hidup. Bagaimana mungkin orang mati dapat berkomitmen untuk tidak mengulangi dosa, sedangkan dirinya sudah tidak beraktifitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 329, "width": 321, "height": 83, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Banyak orang bisa berandai-andai, tapi mereka tetap berandai-randai, sampai akhirnya tiba waktu dimana taubat - nya ditolak dan Allah tidak menerima lagi taubat -nya, yaitu saat manusia kehilangan kesempatan untuk menentukan pilihan (untuk ber- taubat ), sehingga taubat -nya dilakukan dalam keadaan terjepit. 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 416, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Demikian halnya, saat matahari sudah terbit dari barat, dan itu merupakan pertanda hari kiamat telah tiba, taubat seseorang pun juga sudah tidak ada artinya. Tidak hanya itu, sebagaimana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 478, "width": 320, "height": 131, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "40 Al-Bayjûrî, loc. cit. 41 Al-Fayrûzâbâdî, Qamus al-Muhit, II: 105. 42 Ibn Mâjah, Sunan Ibnu Majah..., II: 1420. 43 Kasus ini sebagaimana yang dialami oleh Fir’aun. Ia bertaubat, saat melihat dirinya tidak mungkin selamat dari air laut yang akan menelannya. Dalam keadaan seperti itu dia berkata, “Aku beriman kepada Allah yang tiada Ilah selain-Nya, seperti yang diimani Bani Israel, dan aku termasuk golongan orang-orang yang beriman.” Maka Allah menanggapi perkataan Fir’aun ini dengan berfirman dalam Q.S. Yunus : 91.Artinya : “Sekarang sungguh kamu telah durhaka sebelumnya. Dan kamu termasuk orang-orang yang berbuat kerusakan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "198", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 72, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "diinformasikan oleh al-Qur’an, orang-orang yang mati dalam keadaan kafir, juga tidak diterima taubat -nya. 44", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 102, "width": 320, "height": 111, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sehingga, ketika syarat waktu taubat itu telah ada, maka secara rasional, Allah tidak wajib menerima taubat seseorang. Atau dengan kata lain, Allah akan menolak taubat siapa pun. Namun, menurut hemat penulis, jika Allah akan menerima taubat seseorang, dengan kemuliaan dan keutamaan-Nya, itu juga sah- sah saja dan mungkin terjadi. Karena hak menerima atau menolak permohonan ampunan dan taubat seseorang adalah hak pereogatif Allah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 217, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kedua hadis dimaksud tergolong hadis s { ahî > h, karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah dan Muslim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 248, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kesebelas menerangkan tentang peluang diterimanya taubat dari siapapun yang berbuat dosa dan kesalahan. Hadis tersebut menjelaskan betapa Allah Swt. adalah Dzat Yang Maha Pengasih dan Pengampun atas dosa-dosa yang dilakukan hamba- hamba-Nya, yang mau ber- taubat dan memohon ampun pada- Nya. Hingga dikatakan, andai dosa dan kesalahan itu, tingginya mencapai ketinggian langit, asal yang bersangkutan mau bersungguh-sungguh ber- taubat pada Allah Swt., niscaya Allah akan menerima taubat- nya dan mengampuni dosa-dosanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 377, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Berkaitan dengan masalah ini, ada sebuah hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mas‘ud, menceritakan, bahwa ada seorang laki-laki mendatangi Nabi Saw. dan bercerita, bahwa ia telah mencium seorang perempuan. Kemudian laki-laki tersebut bertanya pada Nabi tentang kafarat apa yang menjadi kewajibannya. Namun Nabi tidak menjawabnya sama sekali. Maka Allah menurunkan Q.S. Hud (11) : 114, yang berbunyi :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 480, "width": 319, "height": 40, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "ﯘ ﯗ ﯖﯕ ﯔ ﯓ ﮱ ﮰﮯ ﮮ ﮭ ﮬ ﮫ ﮪ ﮩ ﯚ ﯙ", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 538, "width": 320, "height": 71, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "44 Q.S. an-Nisâ’ ayat 18. Artinya : “Dan tidaklah taubat itu diterima Allah dari orang-orang yang mengerjakan kejahatan (yang) hingga apabila datang ajal kepada seseorang di antara mereka, (barulah) ia mengatakan: ‘Sesungguhnya saya ber- taubat sekarang.’ Dan tidak (pula diterima taubat ) orang-orang yang mati sedang mereka dalam kekafiran. Bagi orang-orang itu telah Kami sediakan siksa yang pedih.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "199", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 74, "width": 300, "height": 51, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“Dan dirikanlah sembahyang itu pada kedua tepi siang (pagi dan petang) dan pada bahagian permulaan daripada malam. Sesungguhnya perbuatan- perbuatan yang baik itu menghapuskan (dosa) perbuatan-perbuatan yang buruk. Itulah peringatan bagi orang-orang yang ingat.”(Q.S. Hud : 114)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 131, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Lalu laki-laki tersebut balik bertanya : ‘Ya Rasulullah! Apakah ayat ini untukku?’ Nabi pun menjawab : ‘Ayat itu untuk semua umatku yang mengamalkan ayat tersebut.’ 45", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 176, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Yang terpenting adalah adanya kesungguhan dari orang yang akan ber- taubat , untuk benar-benar ber- taubat , menyesali semua yang telah dilakukan dan tidak akan mengulanginya lagi. Dengan begitu, Allah Swt. akan membuka pintu taubat -Nya lebar-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 253, "width": 321, "height": 335, "page_number": 21, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "45 Ibn Ma > jah, Sunan Ibnu Majah , Kita > b Zuhd, ba > b Zikr at-Taubah, no. hadis 4254, II: 1421; Tidak hanya itu, Rasulullah Saw. sendiri pernah menceritakan, ada seorang laki-laki Bani Israel yang sudah membunuh sembilan puluh sembilan manusia. Kemudian dia bertanya tentang orang yang paling alim penduduk bumi. Lalu ia ditunjukkan pada seorang rahib. Ia pun mendatanginya dan bertanya ; sesungguhnya ia telah membunuh sembilan puluh sembilan manusia, apakah ia masih ada peluang untuk bertawbat ? Rahib menjawab : tidak. (Karena jawaban itu), maka laki-laki tadi pun membunuh sang rahib, dan genaplah seratus orang, manusia yang dibunuhnya. Kemudian ia bertanya lagi tentang orang yang paling alim penduduk bumi, yang kemudian ditunjukkan kepada seorang laki-laki yang alim. Kemudian ia berkata : sesungguhnya ia telah membunuh seratus orang, apakah ia masih bisa bertawbat ?. Ya, jawab sang alim. Siapa yang bisa menghalangi antara dirinya dan tawbat ?! Pergilah pada sebuah negeri ini. Karena di sana terdapat manusia yang menyembah Allah. Maka sembahlah Allah bersama mereka. Dan jangan kembali ke negerimu, karena negerimu adalah negeri yang jelek. Maka bergegaslah ia pergi ke negeri dimaksud. Namun di tengah perjalanan, kematian akan menjemputnya. Berdebatlah antara malaikat rahmat dan malaikat adzab (pemberi siksa). Malaikat rahmat berkata : ia datang dengan bertawbat, dan hatinya menghadap kepada Allah. Sedang malaikat adzab berkata : dia belum pernah melakukan amal kebaikan sama sekali. Kemudian datanglah malaikat dalam bentuk manusia menghampiri kedua malaikat tadi, dan menjadi penengah atau pemutus perkara. Ia berkata : ukurlah kalian jarak antara dua negara itu (dengan laki-laki itu). Mana yang lebih dekat, berarti itulah keputusannya. Kemudian mereka berdua mengukur, dan menemukan laki-laki tadi lebih dekat dengan negara yang akan ditujunya. Maka malaikat rahmatlah yang mencabut nyawanya. Al-Bukha > rî, Sahih Bukhari, Kita > b al-Anbiya > ’, bab XXXXXIV, IV: 149; lihat juga an-Nawawî, Riya > d ..., ., hadis no. 20, hlm. 27", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "200", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 74, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "lebar, dan menerima taubat siapa saja, bagi yang mau ber- taubat , beriman dan beramal shaleh. 46", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 104, "width": 320, "height": 69, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis kedua belas menerangkan, bahwa pada malam hari, Allah Swt. mengampuni hamba-hamba-Nya yang ber- taubat atas dosa-dosanya yang dilakukan pada siang hari. Dan pada siang harinya, Allah mengampuni hamba-hamba-Nya yang ber- taubat atas dosa-dosanya yang dilakukan pada malam hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 177, "width": 320, "height": 139, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Secara radaksional, kata yabsut}u yadahu adalah bentuk kinayah , bahwa Allah membentangkan dan memperluas rahmat- Nya, dan membuka pintu taubat lebar-lebar kepada siapa saja yang mau ber- taubat kepada-Nya. 47 Selain itu, ada yang mengatakan, dalam tradisi Arab, ketika seseorang ingin menyatakan kerelaannya terhadap sesuatu, maka ia akan membuka tangannya untuk menerima sesuatu tadi. Tapi sebaliknya, jika ia membencinya, maka ia akan menggenggam tangannya, untuk menghindari pemberian itu. 48 Dan hadis yang diriwayatkan oleh Muslim itu tergolong hadis s { ahîh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 320, "width": 320, "height": 83, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketiga belas menerangkan diterimanya taubat seseorang, walaupun berulang-ulang taubat dan dosanya. Hadis ini membutuhkan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam. Sepintas, seolah-olah hadis ini menerangkan, taubat seseorang dari perbuatan dosa, kemudian mengulanginya lagi, dan ber- taubat lagi, juga mengulangi dosanya lagi, itu tetap diterima taubat -nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 407, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Tidaklah demikian. Kata ‘berbuatlah sesuatu sesukamu’, sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Ibn Hajar, berarti jika orang yang berbuat dosa itu secepatnya memohon ampun pada Allah dan ber- taubat , maka Allah akan mengampuninya. Sedang taubat dan istigfar -nya itu adalah menjadi kafarat atau melebur dosa yang telah diperbuatnya. Bukan berarti, seseorang melakukan dosa, lalu memohon ampun (ber- istigfar ) hanya secara lisan, tanpa merubah prilakunya, yakni meninggalkan dosa-dosa itu, kemudian mengulangi perbuatan dosa lagi. Bentuk taubat ini adalah taubat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 550, "width": 320, "height": 35, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "46 Q.S. Thaha : 82. Artinya : “Dan sesungguhnya Aku Maha Pengampun bagi orang yang bertawbat, beriman, beramal shaleh, kemudian tetap di jalan yang benar.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 586, "width": 201, "height": 23, "page_number": 22, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "47 Mus } t } afa > Sa‘i > d Al-Khin, Nuzhat al-Muttaqin, I:. 32. 48 As { -S { iddîqî asy-Syâfi‘î, Kitab Dalil...., I: 99-100.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "201", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 74, "width": 321, "height": 97, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "para pendusta. Karena batasan taubat adalah kembali dari perbuatan dosa dan berkomitmen untuk tidak mengulanginya lagi. 49 Jika ada orang yang ber- istigfar, memohon ampun kepada Allah, tapi di sisi lain ia juga masih mengerjakan tindak maksiat dan dosa, maka, sebagaimana dikatakan oleh Rabi’ah ‘adawiyyah (95-185 H/713-788 M), istigfarunâ yahtaj ilâ istig}far kasî > r ( istigfar kita masih butuh pada istigfar yang banyak lagi). 50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 174, "width": 321, "height": 56, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Selain itu, al-Qur’an sendiri menjelaskan, peluang diterimanya taubat hanyalah bagi mereka yang benar-benar tidak mengetahui tentang dosa yang dilakukannya, dan segera ber- taubat pada Allah. 51", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 233, "width": 321, "height": 97, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Namun demikian, tidak menutup kemungkinan, Allah – Yang Maha Kuasa, Maha Menghendaki, dan Maha Pengampun – akan mengampuni siapa saja yang dikehendaki-Nya, walaupun ia adalah seorang pendosa dan pen- taubat yang pendusta. Karena jika ditimbang, antara rahmat dan murka Allah, rahmat Allahlah yang lebih besar, dan sanggup mengalahkan kemurkaan-Nya. Sebagaimana sabda Nabi saw :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 59, "top": 337, "width": 321, "height": 19, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "هاور ( بيضغ بلغت تيحمر نأ شرعلا قوف هدنع وهف هباتك في بتك قللخا للها قلخ الم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 352, "top": 359, "width": 27, "height": 19, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "52 ) ملسم", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 385, "width": 300, "height": 38, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "“ketika Allah menciptakan makhluk-Nya, Dia telah menulis dalam kitab- Nya – dimana kitab itu berada di sisi-Nya di atas ‘arasy – sesungguhnya rahmat-Ku mengalahkan murka-Ku.” (H.R. Muslim)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 429, "width": 321, "height": 27, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis ketiga belas di atas termasuk hadis s { ahî > h, karena diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî dan Muslim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 472, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "49 Ibn Hajar, Fath Bari, Kita > b at-Tauhîd, XIII: 379; Al-Kurdî al-Irbilî, Kitab Tanwir..., hlm. 420; Yusuf al-Qardlawi, Taubah, hlm. 25 50 Al-Nawawî, al-Adzka > r , hlm. 361 51 Q.S. an-Nisa’ ayat 17. Artinya : “Sesungguhnya taubat di sisi Allah hanyalah taubat bagi orang-orang yang mengerjakan kejahatan lantaran kejahilan, yang kemudian mereka bertaubat dengan segera, maka mereka itulah yang diterima Allah taubatnya; dan Allah Maha Mengetahui lagi Maha Bijaksana.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 570, "width": 321, "height": 39, "page_number": 23, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "52 Muslim, Sahih Muslim, Kita > b at-Taubah, Ba > b fî Sa‘at Rahmat Alla > h ta‘âlâ wa innaha > Sabaqat G{ad}abah, II: 492-493: at-Tirmidzî, Sunan Tirmizi, Kitab ad-Da‘awa > t , no. hadis 3543, IV: 388.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "202", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 71, "width": 320, "height": 112, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis keempat belas dan lima belas menjelaskan tentang waktu yang mulia, untuk melakukan istigfa > r. Pertama, istigfa > r sangat dianjurkan pada waktu sepertiga malam yang akhir. Karena pada waku itu, Allah akan turun ke bumi mencari siapa saja yang ber- istigfa > r, mohon ampun kepada-Nya, dan akan mengampuninya. Selain itu, sebagaimana diinformasikan al-Qur’an, diantara tanda- tanda orang yang bertaqwa adalah mereka selalu mohon ampun, ber- istigfa > r pada waktu sahur. 53", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 186, "width": 320, "height": 125, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kedua , istigfa > r sangat dianjurkan setelah melakukan shalat fardlu. Namun, idealnya membaca istigfa > r, memohon ampun kepada Allah, adalah saat kita melakukan kesalahan, dosa atau kemaksiatan. Dan lebih bagusnya, taubat dan istigfa > r merupakan zikir tiap hari yang biasa diamalkan. Karena sesuatu yang dianggap tidak salah atau tidak berdosa, belum tentu tidak salah di hadapan Allah. Karenanya, istigfa > r sangat penting adanya. Kedua hadis di atas dapat digolongkan hadis shahîh, karena diriwayatkan oleh Bukhârî, Tirmidzî, dan lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 315, "width": 320, "height": 97, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Hadis keenam belas menerangkan tentang sebagian faedah istigfa > r. . Siapa saja yang sungguh-sungguh, dengun penuh keyakinan kepada Allah, selalu membasahi bibirnya dengan istig}fa > r, mengisi hatinya dengan selalu memohon ampun kepada Allah, niscaya akan mendapatkan kebahagiaan hati atas segala kesusahan; mendapat solusi atas problematika hidupnya; dan akan mendapatkan rizki yang tidak disangka-sangka sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 416, "width": 320, "height": 55, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Dalam al-Qur’an sendiri, Allah Swt. juga menjanjikan beberapa keutamaan kepada siapa saja yang mau terus-menerus ber- istig{fa > r, sebagaimana dalam Q.S. Nûh [71] : 10-12 54 dan Q.S. Hûd : 3. 55", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 483, "width": 319, "height": 23, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "53 Sebagaimana dalam Q.S. az-âriyât : 18.Artinya : “Dan di akhir-akhir malam mereka memohon ampun (kepada Allah)”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 507, "width": 320, "height": 59, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "54 Artinya : “maka aku katakan kepada mereka: ”Mohonlah ampun kepada Tuhanmu, --sesungguhnya Dia adalah Maha Pengampun--,(10) niscaya Dia akan mengirimkan hujan kepadamu dengan lebat,(11) dan membanyakkan harta dan anak-anakmu, dan mengadakan untukmu kebun-kebun dan mengadakan (pula didalamnya) untukmu sungai-sungai.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 567, "width": 320, "height": 47, "page_number": 24, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "55 Artinya : “dan hendaklah kamu meminta ampun kepada Tuhanmu dan bertaubat kepada-Nya. (Jika kamu, mengerjakan yang demikian), niscaya Dia akan memberi kenikmatan yang baik (terus menerus) kepadamu sampai kepada waktu yang telah ditentukan dan Dia akan memberi kepada tiap-tiap orang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "203", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 74, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Namun dari sekian faedah istig}fa > r yang ada, yang penting adalah pengampunan dosa dari Allah, dan diterimanya taubat seseorang. Dan hadis di atas termasuk kategori s}ahî > h, karena diriwayatkan oleh Ibn Mâjah dan Abû Dâwud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 141, "width": 69, "height": 14, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Simpulan C.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 159, "width": 321, "height": 125, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Manusia adalah makhluk yang tidak pernah luput dari salah dan lalai. Dirinya sering dihinggapi hawa nafsu yang selalu mengajak kejahatan dan bermaksiat pada Allah. Dalam ‘peperangan’ itu, tak jarang manusia sering kalah. Oleh karena itu, manusia hendaknya selalu ber- taubat dengan taubat nas}û > ha , dan ber- istigfa > r setiap saat. Melaksanakan taubat nas}u > ha adalah taubat secara dlahir dan batin, dan berkomitmen untuk tidak mengulanginya lagi, serta menghiasi perbuatannya sehari-hari dengan perbuatan yang baik dan diridlai oleh Allah Swt..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 288, "width": 320, "height": 55, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan istigfa > r dapat dilakukan tujuh puluh hingga seratus kali atau lebih dalam sehari, pada siang atau malam hari, selama masih hidup, sebelum kematian menjemput, yang berdampak pada kebahagiaan dunia akhirat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 586, "width": 320, "height": 23, "page_number": 25, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "yang mempunyai keutamaan (balasan) keutamaannya. Jika kamu berpaling, maka sesungguhnya aku takut kamu akan ditimpa siksa hari kiamat.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "204", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 71, "width": 103, "height": 13, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 91, "width": 318, "height": 27, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "‘Abd al-Ba > qi > , Muhammad Fu’a > d, al-Mu‘jam al-Mufahras li Alfa > z { al- Qur’a > n al-Karî > m, Turki : al-Maktabah al-Islâmiyyah, 1984.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 122, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "‘Abd al-Fatta > h, Sayyid Shiddîq, Jawâ > mi‘ al-Istigfa > râ > t al-Kubrâ > , cet. Ke-2 Kairo : ad-Dâ > r al-Mashriyyah al-Lubnâ > niyyah, 1993.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 153, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Baghawi al- > , al-Husain Ibn Mas‘u > d, al-Ima > m al-Muhaddits al- Faqîh (436-516 H), Syarh as-Sunnah , ditahqi > q oleh Syu‘ayb Arna’u > t } , cet. Ke-1 Bairut : al-Maktabah al-Isla > mi > , 1983.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 198, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bayjuri al-, Ibrahim Ibn Muhammad, Syaikh, Tuhfat al-Murî > d, Syarh Jauharat at-Tauhî > d, cet. Ke-1, Bairut : Dar al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyyah, 1983.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 242, "width": 320, "height": 72, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bukha > rî al-, Abu > ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Isma > ‘i > l, Matan al- Bukhâ > rî > , Semarang : Maktabah Usaha Keluarga, t.t. --------, Mausû > ‘ah as-Sunnah al-Kutub as-Sittah wa Syurû > hihâ > , S { ahî > h al-Bukhâ > rî, cet. Ke-2, Istanbul : Dâ > r Sahnû > n dan Cagri Yayin Lari, 1992.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 318, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Fairûza > ba > di al- > , Majd al-Di > n Muhammad Ibn Ya‘qûb, al-Qa > mûs al-Muhi > t { , Bairut : Da > r al-Ji > l, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 349, "width": 320, "height": 13, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ghaza > lî al-, Muhammad Ibn Muhammad Abu > Ha > mid, Ima > m,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 363, "width": 254, "height": 13, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ihya > ’ ‘Ulu > m ad-Di > n, Singapura : Sulaima > n Mara‘î, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 380, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ibn Hanbal, Ahmad Ibn Muhammad (164-241 H), al-Musnad Ahmad Ibn Muhammad Ibn Hanbal, disyarah oleh Ahmad Muhammad Syâkir, Bairut : Dâr al-Jîl, 1994.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 425, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ibn Hajar, Ahmad Ibn ‘Alî, al-‘Asqala > ni > (773-852 H), Fat-h al-Ba > rî , ditakhri > j dan ditahqi > q oleh Muhib ad-Dîn al-Khathi > b, Kairo : al-Maktabah as-Salafiyyah, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 469, "width": 317, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ibn Mâjah, Abu > ‘Abd Allâh Muhammad Ibn Yazîd al-Qazwi > ni > , Sunan Ibn Mâjah , ditahqîq oleh Muhammad Fu’a > d ‘Abd al- Ba > qî, Bairut : Da > r al-Fikr, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 514, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ibn Manzhûr, Jamâl ad-Dîn Muhammad Ibn Mukarram al- Ansha > rî, Lisa > n al-‘Arab, Mesir : al-Mu’assasah al-Mishriyyah al-A < mmah, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 559, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 26, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, Abû ‘Abd Alla > h Muhammad Ibn Abi > Bakar Ibn Ayyûb, Mada > rij as-Sa > liki > n, cet. Ke-2, Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1988 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 48, "width": 156, "height": 14, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Taubat dan Istig } Fa > r dalam Hadis Nabi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 362, "top": 625, "width": 21, "height": 14, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "205", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 62, "top": 624, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 72, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "In’amuzzahidin, Muh., Reaktualisasi Pengamalan Maqamat Dalam Tasawuf untuk Pelestarian Lingkungan , Penelitian Individual, Semarang : IsDB UIN Walisongo, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 116, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Khin al-, Mushthafa > Sa‘i > d, al-Bughâ, Musthafâ, Nuzhat al-Muttaqîn Syarh Riya > dl as-S{a > lihi > n, cet. Ke-14, Bairut : Mu’assasah ar- Risâlah, 1991.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 161, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Kurdî al-, Muhammad Amîn, al-Irbilî, Syaikh, Kita > b Tanwi > r al- Qulu > b fî Mu‘âmalah ‘Alla > m al-Ghuyu > b, Indonesia : Dâr Ihyâ’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 206, "width": 321, "height": 41, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muslim, Abû al-Husain, Ibn al-Hajja > j Ibn Muslim al-Qusyairî an- Naysa > bu > rî, S{ahih Muslim, t.t.: Maktabah Dar Ihya’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyyah, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 251, "width": 321, "height": 86, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Nawawî an-, Abu > Zakariya > Yahya > Ibn Syaraf, ad-Dimasyqî (631- 676 H), Riya > dl as-S { a > lihi > n, ditahqi > q dan ditakhrii > j oleh ‘Abd al-‘Azi > z Raba > h dan Ahmad Yu > suf ad-Daqa > q, Riyadl : Dâr as-Sala > m, 1991. -----------, al-Az \\ ka > r al-Muntakhabah min Kala > m Sayyid al-Abra > r , Bairut : Da > r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 341, "width": 320, "height": 27, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Qardhawi al-, Yusuf, Taubat, ( at-Taubat ila Allah ), terj . Kathur Suhardi, Jakarta : Pustaka al-Kautsar, 1998.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 371, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Qusyairi > al-, Abû al-Qâsim ‘Abd al-Karîm Ibn Hawa > zin, an- Naisabu > rî, ar-Risa > lah al-Qusyairiyyah, dita‘li > q oleh ‘Abd al- Hali > m Mahmu > d, ditahqi > q oleh ‘Abd al-Kari > m al-‘At } a > , Bairut : Dâr al-Khair, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 430, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Ridlâ, Muhammad Rasyi > d (1865-1935 M), Tafsi > r al-Qur’a > n al-Haki > m al-Masyhu > r bi Tafsi > r al-Mana > r , ayat dan hadis ditakhrîj oleh Ibra > hi > m Syams ad-Di > n, cet. Ke-1, Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al- ‘Ilmiyyah, 1999.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 489, "width": 320, "height": 41, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Shiddi > qi > al-Sya > fi‘i > , Muhammad Ibn ‘Ala > n, al-Asy‘arî al-Makkî (W. 1057 H), Kita > b Dali > l al-Fa > lihi > n li T{uruq Riya > dl as { -S { a > lihi > n , cet. Ke-5, Bairut : Da > r al-Kitâb al-‘Arabî, 1985.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 534, "width": 321, "height": 55, "page_number": 27, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Sijista > nî as-, Abu > Da > wud Sulaima > n Ibn al-Asy‘ats (W. 275 H), Sunan Abî Da > wud , ditahqi > q oleh Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Azîz al-Kha > lidi > , cet. Ke-1, Bairut : Da > r al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, 1996.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 48, "width": 87, "height": 14, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Muh. In’amuzzahidin", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 623, "width": 18, "height": 14, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "206", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 237, "top": 623, "width": 154, "height": 14, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "RIWAYAH, Vol. 1, No. 1, Maret 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 71, "width": 320, "height": 28, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Suhrawardi as- > , Abu > Najîb ‘Abd al-Qa > hir Ibn ‘Abd Alla > h Ibn Muhammad, ‘Awa > rif al-Ma‘a > rif, dalam Ihya > ’ ‘Ulu > m ad-Di > n,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 100, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Bairut : Dâr al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, t.t.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 116, "width": 320, "height": 100, "page_number": 28, "page_width": 453, "page_height": 680, "text": "Thûsî ath-, Abû Nashr as-Sarrâj, al-Luma‘, ditakhrij oleh ‘Abd al- Hali > m Mahmu > d dan Thaha ‘Abd al-Ba > qî Suru > r, Mesir : Da > r al-Kutub al-Hadis \\ ah, 1960 Tirmidzi at-, Abû ‘Îsa > Muhammad Ibn ‘I < sa > Ibn Sawrah (W. 297 H), al-Ja > mi‘ al-S { ahi > h wa Huwa Sunan at-Tirmiz { î , ditahqi > q oleh Mahmu > d Muhammad Mahmu > d Hasan Nashsha > r, cet. 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ae995274-cd37-16db-6642-e4a1b3a529f8

https://e-journal.politanisamarinda.ac.id/index.php/tanesa/article/download/2037/508

[ { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 574 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 66, "top": 92, "width": 470, "height": 77, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tinjauan Atas Pemberitaan Yang Berindikasi Adanya Delik Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media Massa", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 68, "top": 183, "width": 128, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sufriaman* Hukum, Universitas Handayani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 206, "width": 114, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Makassar, Makassar, 90231", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 70, "top": 218, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 229, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 238, "top": 183, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muh. Fachrur Razy Mahka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 235, "top": 183, "width": 295, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hukum, Universitas Handayani Makassar, Makassar, 90231 [email protected] Karman Jaya Hukum, Universitas Handayani Makassar, Makassar, 90231 [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 273, "width": 235, "height": 370, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak —Pemberitaan di media massa (pers) baik cetak maupun elektronik maupun media online merupakan instrumen dalam tatanan hidup bermasyarakat yang sangat vital bagi peningkatan kualitas kehidupan warganya. Selain fungsinya sebagai media informasi dan komunikasi, pers juga merupakan refleksi jati diri masyarakat karena apa yang dituangkan dalam sajian pers hakikatnya adalah denyut kehidupan masyarakat dimana media informasi itu berada. Dari tampilan pers itulah sebagian wajah masyarakat, baik tingkat kemajuan maupun taraf berpikirnya itu kemudian dapat dicermati. penelitian ini ditinjau dari sifatnya adalah penelitian deskriptif, penelitian deskriptif ini terbatas pada usaha mengungkapkan suatu masalah atau keadaan sebagaimana adanya bersifat untuk mengungkap fakta hasil penelitian ini ditekankan untuk memberikan gambaran secara objektif tentang gambaran sebenarnya dari objek yang diteliti. Pendekatan digunakan dalam penelitian ini pendekatan normatif doktrinal. dalam penelitian ini sumber data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder, teknik pengumpulan data yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kepustakaan atau penelitian lapangan, yaitu dengan cara mencari dan menghimpun data, mengklasifikasikan data yang relevan dengan pencemaran nama baik melalui media massa baik media cetak maupun media online dan ditinjau dari perspektif yuridis yang terdapat dalam literatur-literatur kepustakaan, dalam upaya penyelesaian atas pemberitaan karya jurnalistik yang dianggap sebagai pencemaran nama baik sebenarnya dapat diselesaikan dengan mengefektifkan hak jawab yang merupakan hak dari objek pemberitaan melalui Dewan Pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 653, "width": 235, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci — Pemberitaan, Delik Pencemaran, Nama Baik, Media Massa, Media Online", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 691, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. P ENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 708, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan pemberitaan di media massa (pers) baik cetak maupun elektronik merupakan instrumen dalam tatanan hidup bermasyarakat yang sangat vital bagi peningkatan kualitas kehidupan warganya. Disamping fungsinya sebagai media informasi dan komunikasi, Pers juga merupakan refleksi jati diri masyarakat karena apa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 275, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dituangkan dalam sajian pers hakekatnya adalah denyut kehidupan masyarakat dimana media informasi itu berada. Dari tampilan pers itulah sebagian wajah masyarakat, baik tingkat kemajuan maupun taraf berpikirnya itu kemudian dapat dicermati (Hutagalung, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 344, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Satu bagian yang paling penting dari keberadaan media informasi itu adalah pencermatannya dari sisi hukum. Seperti yang di jelaskan (Restendy et al., 2020) ketika pers tersebut berada di tengah masyarakat, terjadilah interaksi antara pers (sebagai lembaga) dengan masyarakat konsumennya. Secara teknis akan muncul permasalahan hukum, ketika sajian itu ternyata dinilai tidak benar dan merugikan masyarakat. Untuk itu harus ada penyelesaian yang berkeadilan dan melembaga sehingga tidak mengganggu kehidupan masyarakat dan kelangsungan pers itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 471, "width": 236, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah pers itu dibedakan dalam dua arti. (Wartawan Dalam Perlindungan Hak Anak Perspektif Undang- Undang Pers & Sahputra, 2021) Pers dalam arti luas adalah media tercetak atau elektronik yang menyampaikan laporan dalam bentuk fakta, pendapat, usulan dan gambar kepada masyarakat luas secara regular. Laporan dimaksud adalah setelah melalui proses mulai dari pengumpulan bahan sampai dengan penyiaran. Sedangkan pengertian dalam arti sempit atau terbatas, pers adalah media tercetak seperti surat kabar harian, surat kabar mingguan, majalah dan buletin, sedangkan media elektronik melalui radio film dan televisi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 609, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kaitan ini, fungsi utama dari pers pada umumnya disamping sebagai media control sosial adalah untuk menjalin komunikasi serta sebagai media informasi baik bagi sesama warga masyarakat maupun dengan pemerintah secara timbal balik. Fungsi pers Indonesia menekankan pada eksistensinya sebagai institusi kemasyarakatan baik hubungannya secara personal maupun dengan pemerintah sebagai institusi publik yang juga berkepentingan dengan pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 712, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena berat dan luasnya fungsi pers tersebut, dalam kinerjanya sering muncul pemasalahan berkaitan dengan posisi pers yang berhadapan dengan pemerintah. Apa yang dikemukakan oleh pers sering kali dinilai tidak sejalan dengan yang dikehendaki pemerintah. Sementara interaksinya dengan masyarakat, pers tidak jarang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 575 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menurunkan sajian yang dinilai tidak sesuai dengan fakta serta melanggar hak (privacy) seseorang. Di fase Soekarno (orde lama) dan fase Soeharto (Orde baru) misalnya, hubungan kekuasaan dengan media punya refresi yang berbeda-beda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 146, "width": 238, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konfigurasi politik yang berubah semenjak orde baru jatuh, menghasilkan undang- undang No. 40 Tahun 1999 tentang pers sebagai pengganti undang-undang No. 21 Tahun 1982. undang-undang No.40 Tahun 1999 lebih menekankan akan pentingnya kebebasan pers nasional yang dinyatakan dalam Pasal 4 ayat (2) yang berbunyi: “terhadap pers nasional tidak dikenakan penyensoran, pembredelan atau pelanggaran penyiaran”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebebasan pers, yang merupakan bagian dari kebebasan berekspresi, di Indonesia saat ini sudah jauh lebih maju daripada apa yang ditemukan pada akhir 30- tahun rezim Soeharto tahun 1998. Kebebasan ini tidak absolute dan jurnalis pada umumnya menerima keberadaan UU No. 40 Tahun 1999 sebagai instrument negara yang bukan saja menjamin kebebasan profesi mereka, tetapi juga menjaga kepentingan masyarakat dari kemungkinan penyalahgunaan kebebasan tersebut (Djanggih Fakultas Hukum Universitas Tompotika Luwuk Jl Dewi Sartika et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 235, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun, akhir – akhir ini dirasakan oleh khalayak ramai ada sesuatu yang mengganjal dalam hal penerapan kebebasan pers di Indonesia. Seringkali kita mendengar lontaran “kebebasan pers yang kebablasan” dan hal ini segera ditangkap oleh politisi atau pejabat negara sebagai alasan untuk merevisi undang-undang dan memberlakukan batasan-batasan ataupun kontrol terhadap pers seperti yang ada di zaman rezim Soeharto. Keresahan masyarakat ini memang benar adanya dan perlu disikapi oleh pers karena sebagian disebabkan oleh penerapan kebebasan yang cenderung ke arah penyalahgunaan (Santoso, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 503, "width": 235, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pesta pora kemerdekaan pers di era reformasi, yang nyatanya ditafsirkan dalam arti yang berbeda oleh beberapa praktisi pers, yang lupa terhadap koridor hukum pers dan etika pers, yang pada gilirannya menimbulkan gejala anarkisme praktik pers dengan melakukan pelanggaran-pelanggaran kode etik jurnalistik dan pelanggaran yang mengarah pada delik pers (Asmadi, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 595, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menguji keberadaan UU pers sebagai pegangan para wartawan dihadapkan dengan KUHP sebagai pengontrol pers dan landasan bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah yang dirugikan oleh para awak media (wartawan), menjadi menarik bagi peneliti untuk mencermati, mengamati, dan menganalisis adanya indikasi delik pencemaran nama baik di media massa (Santosa, 2017a).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 675, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan teknologi merupakan salah satu faktor yang dapat menimbulkan kejahatan, dimana kejahatan tersebut telah muncul sejak permulaan zaman dan akan terus berlangsung hingga akhir zaman. Kejahatan sudah di terima sebagai suatu fakta yang merugikan baik oleh masyarakat primitif maupun pada masyarakat modern. Kerugian material dapat berubah timbulnya korban, rusaknya harta benda ataupun meningkatnya biaya yang harus di tanggung oleh korban.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerugian moril dapat berupa hilangnya kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap aparat penegak hukum dalam menegkkan hukum (Muthia & Arifin, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 235, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penelitian terdahulu dalam penelitian Ari Wibowo menyimpulkan tentang dasar justifikasi kriminalisasi delik pencemaran nama baik adalah teori moral dari teori liberal individualistic. Kriminalisasi delik pencemaran nama baik sejalan dengan nilai-nilai budaya masyarakat dan nilai-nilai religious bangsa Indonesia. (Wibowo, 2012) sementara dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Asrianto Zainal menyebutkan bahwa unsur-unsur dari pasal 310 KUHP tidak dapat menjangkau delik pencemaran nama baik yang dilakukan melalui Tindakan tersebut sehingga asala lex spesialis derogate legi generalis dapat berlaku.(Al-’adl & Zainal, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 273, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini penulis berupaya memberikan kontribusi kepada ketentuan hukum bagi wartawan dalam melakukan kegiatan Jurnalistik, di atur dalam Undang- Undang No 40 tahun 1999 tentang Pers (UU Pers 1999). Dalam UU Pers 1999, Bab V Pasal 15, disebutkan tentang perlunya dibentuk Dewan Pers yang independen sebagai upaya mengembangkan kemerdekaan pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 353, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian tersebut diatas, penulis sangat tertarik untuk menulis tentang delik tindak pidana yang pelakunya adalah insan pers. Untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan pendalaman yang lebih lanjut mengenai hal tersebut, maka penulis memilih judul: “ Tinjauan atas pemberitaan yang berindikasi adanya Delik Pencemaran nama baik di Media massa”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 389, "top": 446, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. M ETODOLOGI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 463, "width": 236, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan penelitian yuridis normatif, yaitu penelitian yang difokuskan pada penerapan kaidah-kaidah atau norma-norma dalam hukum positif. Pendekatan Penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian yuridis normatif adalah menggunakan pendekatan case approach dan juga pendekatan perundang-undangan atau statue approach. Pendekatan perundang-undangan ( statute approach ). Pendekatan ini melakukan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan yang berhubungan dengan pokok permasalahan, dan pendekatan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan hukum pidana tentang pencemaran nama baik (Efendi & Ibrahim, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 613, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian data yang diperoleh dari studi pustakaan diperjelas dengan data dari hasil studi lapangan (Purwati, 2020). Studi lapangan dilakukan dengan cara turun langsung ke lapangan serta untuk mendapatkan data primer dilakukan wawancara langsung dengan beberapa narasumber yaitu dari salah satu penggiat media massa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 363, "top": 694, "width": 119, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. H ASIL DAN P EMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 711, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk melengkapi hasil penelitian penulisan jurnal hukum ini, maka penulis menyajikan data yang diperoleh selama masa penelitian di Pengadilan Negeri Makassar berhubungan dengan jurnal yang diangkat adalah tinjauan atas pemberitaan yang berindikasi adanya delik pencemaran nama baik di Media Massa. Data yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 576 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "disajikan membahas kepada permasalahan kemudian dianalisa, dengan maksud untuk menemukan kebenaran sesuai dengan hukum yang berlaku saat ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 123, "width": 195, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ketentuan Hukum dan Kode Etik Bagi Pers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 7 UU Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 Ayat (2) menerangkan, Wartawan memiliki dan menaati kode etik jurnalistik. Menindaklanjuti mengenai Kode Etik Jurnalistik ini, Dewan pers telah mengeluarkan peraturan Dewan Pers Nomor 6/Peraturan-DP/V/2008 Tentang pengesahan surat Keputusan Dewan Pers Nomor 03/SK- DP/III/2006 tentang Kode Etik Jurnalistik sebagai Peraturan Dewan Pers. Dalam lampiran Peraturan Dewan Pers tersebut dikatakan ;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 235, "height": 241, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Kemerdekaan berpendapat, berekspresi, dan pers ialah hak asasi manusia yang dilindungi Pancasila, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, dan Deklarasi Universal Hak Asasi Manusi PBB. Kemerdekaan pers ialah sarana masyarakat untuk memperoleh informasi dan komunikasi, guna memenuhi kebutuhan hakiki dan meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan manusiadalam mewujudkan kemerdekaan pers itu, wartawan Indonesia juga menyadari adanya kepentingan bangsa, tanggungjawab social, keberagaman masyarakat, dan norma-norma agama. Dalam melaksanakan fungsinyahak, kewajiban, dan peranannya, pers menghormati hak asasi setiap orang, karena itu pers dituntut profesionaldan terbuka untuk dikontrol oleh masyarakat. Untuk menjamin kemerdekaan pers dan memenuhi hak public untuk memperoleh informasi yang benar, wartawan Indonesia memerlukan landasanmoral dan etika profesisebagai pedoman operasional dalam menjaga kepercayaan public dan menegakkan integritas serta profesionalisme, atas dasar itu wartawan Indonesia menetapkan dan menaati Kode Etik Jurnalistik.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya dalam pasal 1 Kode Etik Jurnalistik dikatakan “Wartawan Indonesia bersikap independen, menghasilkan berita yang akurat, berimbang, dan tidak beritikad buruk,” penafsiran pasal ini menguraikan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 526, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Independen, berarti memberitakan peristiwa atau fakta sesuai dengan suara hati nurani tanpa campur tangan, paksaan, dan intervensi dari pihak lain, termasuk pemilik perusahaan pers.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 572, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Akurat, berarti bisa dipercaya benar, sesuai dengan keadaan obyektif ketika peristiwa terjadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 595, "width": 234, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Berimbang, berarti semua pihak mendapat kesempatan setara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 618, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Tidak beritikad buruk, berarti tidak ada niat secara sengaja untuk menimbulkan kerugian pihak lain.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 641, "width": 235, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai akurat, menarik apa yang dikemukakan oleh hikmat kusumaningrat dan purnama kusumaningrat ialah, wartawan harus memiliki kehati-hatian yang sangat tinggi dalam melakukan pekerjaannya, mengingat dampaknya yang luas yang ditimbulkan oleh berita yang dibuatnya. Kehati-hatian dimulai dari kecermatannya dalam ejaan nama, angka, tanggal, dan usia serta disiplin diri untuk senantiasa melakukan pemeriksaan atas keterangan dan fakta yang ditemukannya (Mulyono, 2017). Tidak hanya itu, akurasi juga berarti benar dalam memberikan kesan umum, benar dalam sudut pandang pemberitaan yang dicapai oleh penyajian detail-detail", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "fakta dan oleh tekanan yang diberikan pada fakta- faktanya. Pembaca biasanya sangat memperhatikan soal akurasi ini, bahkan kredibilitas sebuah media,apakah cetak maupun elektronik, sangat ditentukan oleh akurasi beritanya sebagai konsekuensi dari kehati-hatian para wartawannya dalam membuat berita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 158, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tentang berimbang, menurut hikmat kusumaningrat dan purnama kusumaningrat, yang dimaksud dengan “…berimbang ialah bahwa seseorang wartawan harus melaporkan apa sesungguhnya yang terjadi..”. Misalnya, manakala seorang politisi memperoleh tepukan yang hangat dari hadirin ketika menyampaikan pidatonya. Peristiwa itu haruslah ditulis apa adanya. Tetapi, ketika sebahagian hadirin walked out sebelum pidato berakhir, itu juga harus ditulis apa adanya. Jadi ada dua situasi yang berbeda, keduanya harus termuat dalam berita yang ditulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 284, "width": 235, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Unsur adil dan berimbang dalam berita mungkin sama sulitnya untuk dicapai seperti juga keakuratan dalam menyajikan fakta. Selaku wakildari pembaca atau pendengar berita, seorang wartawan harus senantiasa berusaha untuk menempatkan stiap fakta atau kumpulan fakta-fakta menurut proporsinya yang wajar, untuk mengaitkannya secara berarti dengan unsur-unsur lain, dan untukmembangun segi pentingnya dengan berita secara keseluruhan. Misalnya, seorang wartawan yang meliput pertandingan sepak bola mungkin sangat akurat dalam hal fakta-fakta yang ia gunakan, tetapi ia akan menipu pembaca jika ia hanya menceritakan serangan- serangan dan cara mencetak gol yang diperlihatkan tim tuan rumah saja dan mengabaikan serangan – serangan dan cara mencetak pihak lawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 457, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudian pasal dua Kode etik jurnalistik menyatakan, “wartawan Indonesia menempuh cara-cara yang professional dalam melaksanakan tugas jurnalistik.” Penafsiran pasal ini menyatakan, cara-cara yang professional ialah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 514, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Menunjukkan indentitas diri kepada narasumber;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 526, "width": 121, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Menghormati hak privasi;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 537, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tidak menyuap;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 549, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Menghasilkan berita yang factual dan jelas sumbernya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 572, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Rekayasa pengambilan dan pemuatan atau penyiaran gambar, foto, suara dilengkapi dengan keterangan tentang sumber dan ditampilkan secara berimbang;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 606, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Menghormati pengalaman traumatic narasumber dalam penyajian gambar, foto, suara;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 629, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Tidak melakukan plagiat, termasuk menyatakan hasil liputan wartawan lain sebagai karya sendiri;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 652, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Penggunaan cara-cara tertentu dapat dipertimbangkan untuk peliputan berita investigasi bagi kepentingan publik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 687, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profesionalisme dalam pemberitaan ditunjukkan dengan kaidah-kaidah atau adab-adab yang harus diikuti wartawan dalam pemberitaan mereka dibidang hukum. Kaidah-kaidah ini tercantum dalam kode etik jurnalistik yang telah disinggung sebelumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 742, "width": 235, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 3 kode etik jurnalistik menentukan, “wartawan Indonesia selalu menguji informasi, memberitakan secara berimbang, tidak mencampurkan fakta dan opini yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 577 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menghakimi, serta menerapkan asas praduga tak bersalah,” penafsiran pasal ini adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Menguji informasi, berarti melakukan ceck and recheck tentang kebenaran informasi itu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Berimbang ialah, memberikan ruang atau waktu pemberitaan kepada masing-masing pihak secara professional.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 237, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Opini yang menghakimi ialah, pendapat pribadi wartawan. Hal ini berbeda dengan opini interpretative, yaitu pendapat yang berupa Interpretasi wartawan terhadap fakta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Asas praduga tak bersalah ialah, prinsip tidak menghakimi seseorang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 235, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kenyataan sehari-hari, menyangkut pemberitaan peristiwa yang diduga menyangkut pelanggaran hukum, masyarakat umum yang tidak memahamii etika dalam praktik pers maupun soal-soal hukum dan peradilan, tentu akan bingung jika membaca berbagai media yang sikapnya tidak sama dalam menyebut nama dan identitas pelaku pelanggaran dalam berita-berita kejahatan atau pengadilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 330, "width": 217, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 4 Kode Etik Jurnalistik menyatakan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 340, "width": 235, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Wartawan Indonesia tidak membuat berita bohong, fitnah, sadis, dan cabul.” Penafsiran pasal ini ialah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 365, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bohong berarti sesuatu yang sudah diketahui sebelumnya oleh wartawan sebagai hal yang tidak sesuai dengan fakta yang terjadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 399, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Fitnah, berarti tuduhan tanpa dasar yang dilakukan secara sengaja dengan niat buruk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 422, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Sadis, berarti kejam dan tidak mengenal belas kasihan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Cabul berarti, penggambaran tingkah laku secara erotis dengan foto, gambar, suara, grafis, atau tulisan yang semata-mata untuk membangkitkan nafsu birahi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Dalam penyiaran gambar dan suara dari arsip, wartawan mencantumkan waktu pengambilan gambar dan suara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 512, "width": 235, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 5 Kode Etik Jurnalistik menyatakan , “wartawan Indonesia tidak menyebutkan dan menyiarkan identitas korban kejahatan susila dan tidak menyebutkan identitas anak yang menjadi pelaku kejahatan.” Penafsiran pasal ini ialah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 572, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Identitas ialah semua data dan informasi yang menyangkut diri seseorang yang memudahkan orang lain untuk melacak.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 606, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Anak ialah seseorang yang berusia kurang dari 16 tahun dan belum menikah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 629, "width": 235, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yang lazim dilakukan media adalah menyebut nama pelaku hanya dengan inisialnya atau menutup fotonya dengan menutup matanya atau hanya menampilkan foto bagian belakang pelaku saja. Wartawan punya alasan kuat untuk menyembunyikan untuk menyebutkan nama- nama wanita yang menjadi korban pemerkosaan atau anak anak yang dianiaya secara seksual. Tujuannya untuk melindungi korban atas pencemaran namanya atau tercoreng aibnya. Tatapi dalam hal larangan menyebut nama dan identitas pelaku kejahatan yang masih dibawah umur, dasarnya semata-mata pertimbangan kemanusiaan, berdasarkan nasib beserta hari esok korban beserta keluarganya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 87, "width": 235, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 6 Kode Etik Jurnalistik menyatakan, “wartawan Indonesia tidak menyalahgunakan profesi dan tidka menerima suap.” Panafsiran pasal ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Menyalahgunakan profesi ialah segala tindakan yang mengambil keuntungan pibadiatas informasi yang diperoleh saat bertugas sebelum informasi tersebut mejadi pengetahuan umum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 169, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Suap adalah segala pemberitaan dalam bentuk uang, benda atai fasilitas dari pihak lain yang mempengaruhi independensinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 204, "width": 236, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam kenyataannya, ternyata hal ini sering terjadi yang oleh hikmat kusumaningrat dan purnama kusumaningrat dikatakan sebagai amplop dan hadiah gratisan, didunia pers Indonesia ada suatu sebutan bernada mengejek yang tidak sedap didengar telinga, yaitu sebutan “wartwan amplop”, yang dimaksud dengan amplop ialah pemberitaan dari sumber berita kepada wartawan yang mewawancarainya berupa amplop berisi uang. Pemberian itu ada yang menganggap sebagai belas jasa atas kesediaan sang wartawan melakukan wawancara dengan sumber berita bersangkutan. Tetapi ada pula yang menafsirkannya sebagai uang suap kepada wartwan agar beritanya benar-benar dimuat dan berita itu memuat hal- hal yang baik-baik saja tentang sis umber berita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 365, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 7 Kode Etik Jurnalistik mengatakan, “Wartawan Indonesia memiliki hak tolak untuk melindungi narasumber yang tidak bersedia diketahui indentitasnya maupun keberadaannya. Menghargai ketentuan embargo, informasi latar belakang, dan “off the record” sesuai dengan kesepakatan.” Penafsiran pasal ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 434, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hak tolak ialah, hak untuk tudak mengungkapkan identitas dan keberadaan narasumber demi keamanan narasumber dan keluarganya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 468, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Embargo ialah penundaan pemuatan atau penyiaran berita sesuai dengan permintaan narasumber.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 491, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Informasi latar belakang ialah segala informasi atau data dari narasumber yang disiarkan atau diberitakan tanpa menyebutkan narasumbernya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 526, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Off the record ialah segala informasi atau data dari narasumber yang tidak boleh disiarkan atau diberitakan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 560, "width": 235, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menyangkut off the record , menurut Hikmat Kusumaningrat dan Purnama kusumaningrat, “keterangan yang diberikan secara off the record sebaiknya jangan diterima.”Artinya informasi atau keterangan yang diberikan kepada wartawan dengan syarat tidak untuk disiarkan janganlah diterima. Penolakan in sebaiknya dilakukan kalu tidak mau ketinggalan kereta dalam pemberitaan. Karena apa yang diberikan sebagai keterangan off the record dan tidak boleh disiarkan, mungkin saja akan disiarkan wartwan lain, yang mendapat berita tersebut dengan jalan lain, tanpa syarat off the record.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 698, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Pertanggungjawaban pidana bagi media massa menurut KUHP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 721, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam tulisan/terbitan pers sehari, di dalamnya tersangkut lebih dari satu orang, karena sejak diatur, disusun beritanya (redaksionalnya), dicetak serta terbit, dan beredar di tengah-tengah masyarkat, yang ikut ambil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 578 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagian (berusaha) di dalamnya adalah : pemimpin umum, pencetak, redaktur, penulis/pelukis, dan pengedar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cara kerja redaksi erat kaitannya dengan pertanggungjawaban dalam pers sebab sebuah berita sebelum sampai ke pembacanya mengalami proses pengolahan yang cukup rumit. Suatu pemberitaan dipublikasikan melalui proses penulisan, edit, percetakan, koreksi sampai dengan diedarkannya berita tersebut. Dalam proses itu terlibat beberapa orang yang secara langsung berkecimpung di dalamnya. Pihak-pihak yang dapat tersangkut dan bertanggungjawab apabila terjadi tindak pidana pers adalah sebagai berikut (Rahmawati & Gani, 2017):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Penulis (pengarang), penggambar (pelukis atau pemotret).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 261, "width": 235, "height": 193, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pertanggungjawaban bagi mereka (penulis, penggambar, pelukis) berlaku sepenuhnya pasal- pasal KUHP tentang penghasutan, pemberitahuan palsu atau kabar bohong, penghinaan, dan sebagainya yang berhubungan dengan tindak pidana pers. Namun, tentu saja dalam hal ini dikecualikan bagi mereka apabila hasil karyanya disiarkan tanpa sepengetahuan atau persetujuan mereka. Menurut hukum pidana yang dapat dikatakan sebagai penulis, pelukis dan sebagainya tidaklah harus orang yang menyatakan pikiran atau pernyataannya yang orisinil, melainkan dapat juga orang yang mengambil alih pikiran atau perasaan orang lain serta mempublikasikannya dengan pers ( drupkers ) dan demikian pula dapat juga orang yang mempublikasikannya dengan melalui pers apa yang didengarnya atau ia dengar dari orang lain dapat pula dimasukkan dalam pengertian tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 235, "height": 273, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disamping itu orang yang menyalin atau mengutip tulisan orang lain jika apa yang diturunkan atau dikutipkanya itu kemudian dipublikasikannya melalui pers pun dapat pula dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai penulis. Kecuali itu jika seseorang mengirimkan tulisan atau gambar dan sebagainya itu kepada redaksi majalah, harian dan sejenisnya kemudian tulisan atau gambar dan sebagainya itu dipublikasikan setelah diadakan perubahanperubahan oleh redaksi, maka orang tersebut tetap dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai penulis, pelukis, dan sebagainya asal perubahan-perubahan tersebut tadi tidak merubah wezen (hakekat) dari pikiran atau perasaan yang dimaksudkannya. Mengenai penulis, penggambar, pengarang, pemotret atau pelukis sudah jelas merekalah yang mula-mula harus bertanggungjawab atau dapat dikatakan sebagai pelaku utama ( dader ) terhadap suatu tulisan pidana pers seperti dimaksudkan dalam pasal 55 KUHP kecuali mereka dapat membuktikan bahwa tulisan, gambar, potret atau lukisan yang dijadikan berita tersebut dibuat dalam keadaan terpaksa yang tidak dapat dihindarkan karena adanya suatu ancaman atau paksaan dari pihak lain seperti termuat dalam pasal 48 KUHP atau terdapat pengecualian seperti termuat dalam pasal 44 KUHP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 733, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Penerbit Dalam pasal 61 KUHP yang dimaksudkan dengan penerbit adalah orang yang menerbitkan suatu pekerjaan (tulisan, gambar, potret) yang dicetak. Pasal ini masuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dalam bab turut serta melakukan perbuatan yang boleh dihukum. Dalam praktek penerbit itu dianggap sebagai membantu melakukan ( medeplichtig ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai membantu melakukan kejahatan dengan percetakan ia tidak dihukum apabila memenuhi kewajiban-kewajiban yang ditentukan baginya dalam pasal ini, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 169, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pada barang cetakan itu harus disebutkan nama dan tempat tinggal penerbit. Dengan ini berarti bahwa ia menyatakan dirinya sebagai penerbit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 204, "width": 236, "height": 89, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pembuat harus dikenal (diketahui) atau sesudah penuntutan perkara mulai berjalan pada waktu diberi peringatan yang pertama kali diberitahukan oleh penerbit siapakah pembuatnya itu. Jadi yang harus memberi peringatan itu adalah pegawai penuntut (jaksa). Yang diartikan pembuat disini tidak hanya penulis, tetapi juga pemotret, pelukis dan penggambar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 296, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pembuat harus dapat dituntut pada waktu diterbitkan. Dapat dituntut disini artinya tidak hanya dapat dituntut karena tidak sakit gila atau tidak meninggal dunia misalnya, akan tetapi harus diartikan lebih luas lagi ialah dapat ditangkap.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 353, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Pembuat itu pada waktu penerbitan harus tinggal di Indonesia. Seperti yang tersebut pada sub c diatas, maka disini diletakkan suatu prinsip bahwa jika pembuat itu tidak dapat ditangkap, maka penerbitlah yang harus dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 411, "width": 236, "height": 354, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pasal 61 KUHP hanya berlaku bagi kejahatan jadi seorang penerbit pada pelanggaran yang dilakukan dengan percetakan tetap dihukum meskipun ia telah memenuhi kewajiban-kewajibannya yang ditentukan dalam pasal ini. Dalam pasal 483 KUHP mengatur tentang kejahatan yang merupakan suatu tindak pidana percetakan ( drupkersdelicht ), mengancam hukuman pada penerbit yang menerbitkan suatu tulisan atau gambar yang dapat dihukum karena sifatnya jika memenuhi syarat-syarat pada sub 1 dan 2 dalam pasal ini. Contoh kejahatan yang dimaksud dalam pasal ini misalnya tulisan atau gambar yang bersifat menghina Presiden atau Wakil Presiden (pasal 137 KUHP), menghina kepala Negara asing (pasal 144 KUHP), menghasut (pasal 160, 161 KUHP), penghinaan-penghinaan (pasal 310, 315, 320, 321 KUHP). Dari pasal-pasal tersebut diatas tidak diatur secara jelas bagaimana kedudukan penerbit dalam tindak pidana tersebut, apakah sebagai pembantu atau sebagai peserta. Jika sebagai peserta ancaman hukumannya sama dengan pelaku, sedangkan jika sebagai pembantu ancaman hukumannya dikurangi sepertiganya dari ancaman yang dijatuhkan pada pelaku. Mengenai kedudukan penerbit, para sarjana mempunyai perbedaanperbedaan pendapat. Ada sarjana yang berpendapat bahwa penerbit adalah sebagai pembantu karena ia hanya membantu berupa memberikan kesempatan untuk melaksanakan kejahatan, akan tetapi sebagian besar sarjana berpendapat bahwa penerbit adalah sebagai peserta pelaku ( mededader ), karena antara pengarang dan penerbit bekerja bersama-sama untuk melakukan drupkersdelicht sebagai kawan peserta yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 579 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masing-masing melakukan satu bagian kejahatan itu; pengarang menjadikan dan penerbit mengumumkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 112, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. R. Moegono condong memasukkan penerbit sebagai peserta pelaku ( mededader ) karena tindak pidana pers hanya dapat terjadi setelah adanya kerjasama antara penerbit dengan penulis/pengarang/pelukis/ penggambar atau si pemotret.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Jonkers berpendapat sama dengan alasan bahwa dalam tindak pidana pers hanya dapat terjadi jika ada kerjasama antara penulis, pelukis/ penggambar dan sebagainya dengan penerbit. Hal ini sesuai dengan pendapatnya tentang mededaderschap yang menentukan harus dipenuhinya persyaratan mengenai delik formil dan delik materiil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 250, "width": 44, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pompe", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 147, "top": 250, "width": 66, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memandangnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 221, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sebagai medepleger/mededader dengan alasan bahwa menerbitkan adalah membuat supaya bisa didapat oleh umum. Maka dari itu selain penulis, penerbit juga disebut sebagai turut melakukan perbuatan pelaksanaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 319, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Van Hattum berpendapat bahwa baik auteur atau penulis maupun penerbit masing-masing tidak melakukan tindak pidana itu seluruhnya. Penerbit melakukan tindak pidana publikasi yang merupakan perbuatan pelaksanaan. Jadi penerbit adalah mededader.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 388, "width": 235, "height": 239, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Langemeyer dan Van Hammel menganggap penerbit adalah medeplichtige karena sudah semenjak dalam rancangan semula ditentukan demikian87 dan orang yang bersangkutan tersendiri harus memenuhi unsur tindak pidana itu seluruhnya. Sutamijah-Hadi menyetujui pendapat yang menganggap bahwa penerbit sebagai mededader sebab apa yang dilakukannya dalam tindak pidana pers itu adalah perbuatan pelaksanaan, sedangkan tindak pidana pers tersebut tidak akan terjadi tanpa adanya publikasi, tanpa kerjasamanya yang berdasarkan persetujuan antara penulis, pelukis/penggambar, dan sebagainya itu dengan penerbit untuk menyamapaikan buah pikiran atau perasaan yang bersangkutan kepada khalayak (sehingga dipublisir ke masyarakat umum). f. Tentang rechtpositie dari penerbit ini, Marhaban Zainun sependapat dengan Sutamijah-Hadi karena mengingat adanya perkembangan teori yang dulu dianggap sebagai medeplichtige tapi akhir-akhir ini para ahli cenderung untuk menganggapnya medepleger/mededader.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 629, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diantara pendapat-pendapat yang telah dikemukakan diatas, penulis mengikuti pendapat bahwa penerbit adalah mededader (peserta pelaku) sebab untuk terjadinya tindak pidana pers hanya mungkin setelah adanya kerjasama antara pengarang (penulis/pelukis) dengan penerbit. Tanpa adanya kerjasama tersebut tidak mungkin ada tindak pidana pers (Santosa, 2017b). Meskipun ada tulisan atau karangan namun apabila tidak dipublikasikan maka tidak akan ada tindak pidana pers, hal ini dikarenakan bahwa publikasi merupakan syarat utama dari adanya tindak pidana pers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pencetak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 100, "width": 235, "height": 159, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diatur dalam pasal 62 KUHP. Keterangan dalam pasal 61 KUHP juga berlaku bagi pencetak ( drupker ) hanya bedanya bagi pencetak tidak perlu menyebutkan siapa pembuatnya, akan cukup dengan menyebutkan siapa orang yang telah menyuruh mencetak barang itu. Perkataan menyuruh dalam ayat 2 harus diartikan sebagai perintah. Perbuatan pencetak itu dianggap sebagai membantu melakukan ( medeplichtige ). Dalam pasal 484 KUHP menentukan bahwa kejahatan yang diatur di dalamnya adalah suatu tindak pidana percetakan ( drupkersdelicht ) mengancam hukuman pada pencetak yang mencetak tulisan atau gambar yang dapat dihukum karena sifatnya jika dipenuhi syarat-syarat tersebut pada sub 1 dan 2 dari pasal ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 261, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai kedudukan pencetak pada umumnya telah ada kesepakatan baik diantara para sarjana maupun di dalam yurisprudensi yaitu bahwa kalau terjadi tindak pidana pers, ia adalah hanya merupakan medeplichtige atau pembantu (dalam melakukan kejahatan).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 319, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Menurut Jonkers : karena ia membantu dalam melakukan perbuatan pidana;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Menurut Pompe : sebab perbuatannya bukanlah perbuatan pelaksanaan melainkan perbuatan membantu;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 376, "width": 236, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menurut Loyon Langemeyer : sebab dalam rancangan semula dipakai istilah medeplichtige.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 399, "width": 236, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Redaksi/redaktur Baik Drupekers-Reglement maupu dalam KUHP sama sekali tidak menyebut soal redaktur. Dengan demikian baginya sepenuhnya berlaku peraturanperaturan tentang penyertaan. Ini berarti bahwa ia dipertanggung jawabkan sebagai deenemer (kawan berbuat) bila ia tahu akan isi tulisan/gambar merupakan pendorong bagi redaktur untuk mengadakan sensor, tetapi sensor yang diadakan oleh redaktur itu tidak merupakan keberatan yang berarti sebab :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 514, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Hal itu sudah sewajarnya dan umum pun sudah mengakui hak redaktur untuk memilih tulisan-tulisan mana yang akan dimuat dalam majalah/harian yang dipimpinnya dan tulisan-tulisan mana yang harus ditolaknya karena memang disitulah letak tugasnya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 572, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pada umumnya untuk menjadi redaktur, orang harus memenuhi syarat tingkat pengetahuan tertentu, syarat mana tidak diharuskan bagi pencetak/penerbit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 606, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai pertanggungjawaban terhadap redaktur belum ada kesatuan pendapat diantara para sarjana. Hanya terdapat tiga kemungkinan, apakah ia dapat dikualifisir sebagai :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 652, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Pelaku ( dader/pleger );", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 664, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Peserta pelaku ( mededader/medepleger ); atau sebagai", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 675, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Pembantu ( medeplichtige ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 687, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Namun beberapa sarjana berpendapat : a. Is Cassuto “Perbuatan-perbuatan pencetak dan redaktur secara demikian hanya menghasilkan pembantuan karena dengan demikian perbuatan pidananya hanya dapat dibantu terlaksana.”", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 744, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pompe berdasarkan Keputusan Hoge Raad tanggal 10 Desember 1928 “Redaktur adalah sebagai medepleger (peserta pelaku) karena redaktur adalah orang yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 580 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 78, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menentukan tentang apa yang akan dibuat dalam penerbitannya (harian, majalah, dan sebagainya).” c. Simons berpendapat bahwa redaktur seperti juga halnya pencetak yaitu sepanjang ia bukan penulis karangan yang bersangkutan sebagai medeplichtige karena dengan pekerjaannya itu ia hanya memudahkan terjadinya tindak pidana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 169, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Hazewinkel-Suringa menunjukkan beberapa putusan pengadilan negeri yang menganggap redaktur sebagai medepleger100, dan mengetengahkan arrest Hoge Raad tanggal 10 Desember 1928.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 159, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Oemar Seno Adji mengatakan bahwa pertanggungan jawab redaksi/redaktur dalam sistem hukum pidana positif kita yang sesungguhnya mengikuti ajaran biasa dari penyertaan ( deelneming theorie ) dengan harus dipenuhi dua syarat yang maksudnya agar dapat dipertanggungjawabkan (pidana) yaitu tahu isi/tulisan yang dimasukkan dan tahu akan sifat dipidananya tulisan.103 Oemar Seno Adji mengatakan bahwa : “Dalam KUHP, khususnya redaktur yang tersangkut, pertanggungan jawab pidananya didasarkan atas ajaran penyertaan ( deelneming ) sebab pada tiap tindak pidana pers sebagaimana dikatakan dimuka tersangkut banyak orang seperti redaktur, penerbit, pencetak dan sebagainya.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 376, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Redaktur dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai dader/pleger (pasal 55 KUHP) jika tulisan yang strafbaar karakter itu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 411, "width": 179, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Merupakan karyanya ( werkstuk ) sendiri;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 422, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Bukan karyanya sendiri dan ia tidak (mau) menyebutkan nama si penulis aslinya;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Si penulis aslinya karena suatu hal atau sebab tertentu tidak dapat dituntut pidana ( on-strafrechtelijk- vervolgbaar );", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Karya orang lain yang diterimanya, tapi oleh redaktur itu telah diadakan perubahan-perubahan sedemikian rupa sehingga sudah seperti (dapat dianggap sebagai) karyanya sendiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 526, "width": 235, "height": 89, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika redaktur tidak mengadakan perubahan maka kedudukannya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan sebagai : mededader/medepleger (menurut Van Hattum) dengan ancaman pidana sama dengan pleger/dader (pasal 55 KUHP); dan medeplichtige (menurut Simons, Van Hamel, yurisprudensi, ilmu hukum) ancaman pidananya dikurangi sepertiga (pasal 57 ayat 1 KUHP). (Respati, 2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 618, "width": 235, "height": 112, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut pendapat umum, anominitas dalam pers (tulisan dengan menyembunyikan nama/identitas penulisnya yang asli) sangat diperlukan, hal ini dikarenakan banyak orang yang ingin mengemukakan pendapat/pikiran melalui media pers tapi segan melakukannya dengan namanya sendiri. Dengan demikian media pers benar-benar berfungsi sebagai penyalur pendapat umum. Ini juga diatur dalam UU Pers Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 pasal 4 ayat 4 yang menyatakan bahwa pers mempunyai “Hak Tolak”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 733, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hak tolak ini bertujuan agar wartawan dapat melindungi sumber informasi dengan cara menolak menyebutkan identitas sumber informasi. Hak tersebut dapat digunakan jika wartawan dimintai keterangan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 204, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pejabat penyidik dan atau diminta menjadi saksi di pengadilan. Hak tolak dapat dibatalkan demi kepentingan dan keselamatan negara atau ketertiban umum yang dimintakan oleh pengadilan. Mengenai hal ini Simons mengatakan : “Jika pers periodik dalam kenyataannya hendak menjadi pemimpin, tetapi sekaligus dan lebih- lebih pula pernyataan/manifestasi dari pendapat umum, maka sudah sepatutnya harian-harian itu dapat digunakan oleh banyak orang untuk menyiarkan gagasan dan pendapat mereka mengenai masalah-masalah yang aktual di kalangan luas, tetapi hal ini hanya mungkin jika si penulis itu tidak dipaksa mempertanggungjawabkan karangannya dengan nama dan tanda angan pribadinya sebab mungkin bahkan sudah seringkali terjadi bahwa seseorang tidak akan mampu mengembangkan pikirannya di muka umum jika untuk itu ia harus mengumumkan namanya.” Redaktur harus berani bertanggungjawab sebagai/selaku dader bilamana:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 296, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. ia tidak mau menyebutkan atau menyembunyikan nama si penulisnya karena sebab-sebab tertentu atau", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 319, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. si penulis karena sebab-sebab tertentu tidak dapat dituntut menurut hukum pidana.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 342, "width": 235, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Marhaban Zainun berpendapat bahwa dengan demikian lembaga anomitet tetap dihormati dan sebaliknya kemerdekaan/kebebaan pers juga tidak disalahgunakan karena akan atau harus ada yang bertanggungjawab. Menurut Sutamidjah-Hadi tulisan diluar tanggungan redaksi itu tidak boleh digunakan redaktur untuk melepaskan diri dari tanggungjawab secara mudah. Ia harus tetap dapat dipertanggungjawabkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 445, "width": 235, "height": 182, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Bagi Media Massa. Kesalahan pemberitaan oleh pers dapat terjadi karena dua unsur yaitu sengaja dan tidak sengaja. Ketidaksengajaan pemberitaan tidak lepas dari sifat manusia (dalam hal ini insan pers) yang tidak lepas dari kesalahan. Dalam hal meluruskan berita yang salah yang diyakini sangat merugikan kredibilitas dan reputasi perseorangan atau lembaga, atau bahkan ada unsur pencemaran nama baik atau fitnah dan perbuatan melawan hukum, ada beberapa langkah yang dapat ditempuh, yakni langkah penyelesaian berdasarkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik dan Undang-undang Pokok Pers Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 atau melalui prosedur hukum berdasarkan Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan atau Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPer) (Saputra, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 629, "width": 235, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bagi pihak yang dirugikan, penyelesaian berdasarkan Kode Etik Jurnalistik dan UU Pers adalah dengan mengajukan surat keberatan atas berita tersebut dan menuntut redaksi untuk melakukan ralat (pelurusan berita) dengan memberikan pelurusan informasi yang diinginkan berdasarkan hak jawab menurut Pasal 1 ayat 11 UU Pers. Berdasarkan ketentuan Nomor 7 Kode Etik Wartawan Indonesia, ditegaskan bahwa wartawan Indonesia segera mencabut dan meralat kekeliruan dalam pemberitaan serta melayani hak jawab. Dalam kaitan penggunaan hak jawab tersebut maka langkah pertama adalah mengirimkan surat keberatan kepada redaktur atau langsung ke pemimpin redaksinya, bukan kepada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 581 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 135, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "wartawan yang menuliskan beritanya. Surat keberatan tersebut disertai dengan tembusan ke Dewan Pers, yakni lembaga atau dewan kehormatan profesi pers, yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah dan PWI (Persatuan Wartawan Indonesia) yang ada di Jakarta serta Dewan Kehormatan Pers yang dibentuk oleh PWI di daerah-daerah. Selain itu, apabila penerbitan pers bersangkutan memiliki lembaga ombudsman, yakni lembaga yang dibentuk oleh perusahaan pers tersebut untuk menjaga kehormatan profesi dan profesionalisme para wartawannya, tembusan surat keberatan dan tuntutan pelurusan berita dikirimkan juga ke pengurus ombudsman- nya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 227, "width": 235, "height": 250, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di Indonesia terdapat perusahaan pers yang memiliki lembaga ombudsman sendiri yaitu Harian Jawa Pos dan Kompas yang telah difungsikan secara efektif. Lembaga tersebut difungsikan sebagai mediator negosiasi antara jajaran redaksi dengan pihak yang dirugikan oleh pemberitaan untuk menemukan solusi yang sama-sama menguntungkan ( win-win solution ) (Rachman et al., 2020). Redaktur yang menerima surat keberatan tersebut umumnya akan membawa permasalahan ke dalam rapat redaksi untuk diputuskan penyelesaiannya. Sebagai perusahaan-perusahaan pers yang dinilai memiliki kredibilitas dan integritas, biasanya secara elegan mengakui kesalahan pemberitaannya dan melayani hak jawab dari pihak yang dirugikan, bahkan melakukan pencabutan berita atau membuat pernyataan permintaan maaf secara terbuka ke publik atas kesalahannya dalam pemberitaan tersebut. Selain dengan penyelesaian diatas, langkah hukum juga diperbolehkan, baik secara pidana maupun perdata. Langkah hukum disarankan menjadi langkah terakhir ( ultimum remidium ) jika langkah- langkah penyelesaian melalui Kode Etik Jurnalistik dan UU Pers gagal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 480, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Analisa Penulis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perkembangan demokrasi di Indonesia setelah Era Reformasi telah membawa dampak positif bagi kebebasan Pers di Indonesia. Dengan disahkannya UU Pers mengartikan bahwa kebebasan pers telah mendapatkan jaminan secara konstitusional seperti larangan atas tindakan - tindakan preventif seperti pencabutan ijin maupun pembreidelan. Salah satu ekses buruk yang ditimbulkan dari kebebasan pers adalah terjadinya pemberitaan yang bersifat mencemarkan nama baik objek pemberitaan atau karya jurnalistik (Ananda, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 618, "width": 235, "height": 158, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tindakan pencemaran nama baik termasuk dalam tindak pidana penghinaan yang diatur dalam Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Tujuannya adalah untuk melindungi kehormatan, martabat, serta nama baik orang sehingga dapat tercipta ketentraman dan ketertiban dalam masyarakat. Mengenai tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik yang dilakukan oleh pers tidak diatur secara khusus oleh UU Pers sehingga yang berlaku adalah aturan yang lebih umum yakni Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana. Akan tetapi yang menjadi persoalan adalah pengenaan pasal pencemaran nama baik terhadap pers dianggap sebagai suatu pembatasan terhadap kebebasan pers. Oleh karena itu, maka dirumuskan Bagaimana bentuk pertanggung jawaban pidana yang seharusnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diberlakukan terhadap tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik yang dilakukan oleh Pers dan Bagaimana fungsi Hak Jawab menurut Hukum Pidana dan UU Pers (Palit, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 123, "width": 235, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya penyelesaian atas pemberitaan atau karya jurnalistik yang dianggap sebagai pencemaran nama baik sebenarnya dapat diselesaikan dengan mengefektifkan hak jawab yang merupakan hak dari objek pemberitaan melalui Dewan Pers(Rahman, 2017). Sebab pencemaran nama baik dalam pemberitaan memiliki kaitan yang erat dengan etika profesi pers sehingga sebaiknya diselesaikan melalui upaya penggunaan hak jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanggungjawaban pers harus secara tegas meletakkan posisi individu pembuat berita dan dimasukkan dalam politik keredaksian yang menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari misi pers. Bentuk pertanggungjawaban berdasarkan konsep air terjun kiranya perlu dipertegas dengan memberikan kualifikasi siapa yang harus memikul tanggungjawab. Istilah “dapat” hendaknya tidak dijadikan alasan untuk pimpinan redaksi untuk melepaskan diri dari tanggungjawab. Sebaliknya wartawan juga lebih berhati-hati manakala muncul tuntunan akibat pemberitaan hasil liputannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 388, "top": 354, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. K ESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 371, "width": 235, "height": 170, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa ketentuan hukum bagi wartawan dalam melakukan kegiatan Jurnalistik, di atur dalam Undang-Undang No 40 tahun 1999 tentang Pers (UU Pers 1999). Dalam UU Pers 1999 Pasal 15 disebutkan tentang perlunya dibentuk Dewan Pers yang independen sebagai upaya mengembangkan kemerdekaan pers dan selanjutnya Dewan Pers dengan beberapa pertimbangan maka disusunlah Kode Etik Jurnalistik (KEJ), Dibentuknya kode etik ini adalah untuk menjamin kemerdekaan pers dan memenuhi hak publik untuk memperoleh informasi yang benar, wartawan Indonesia memerlukan landasan moral dan etika profesi sebagai pedoman operasional dalam menjaga kepercayaan publik dan menegakkan integritas serta profesionalisme.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 544, "width": 235, "height": 124, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut peneliti tanggungjawab atas pemberitaan pers di Media massa selama ini masih belum jelas. Mekanisme pertanggungjawaban bersifat water full ternyata belum mencerminkan nilai keadilan yang ditegaskan di atas prinsip bahwa yang berbuat harus bertanggungjawab. Padahal tataran pertanggungjawaban ini telah digariskan dalam peraturan perundang- undangan. Sebagai akibatnya, penyelesaiaan terhadap pemberitaan pers di media massa selama ini juga belum mencerminkan prinsip keadilan dan penghargaan terhadap HAM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 386, "top": 682, "width": 73, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D AFTAR P USTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 306, "top": 700, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-’adl, J., & Zainal, A. (2016). Pencemaran Nama Baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 711, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melalui Teknologi Informasi Ditinjau Dari Hukum Pidana. Al-’Adl, 9(1), 57–74. https://doi.org/10.31332/Aladl.V9I1.668", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 746, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ananda, L. A. (2018). Menguji Efektifitas Sanksi Pidana Untuk Kasus Pencemaran Naman Baik Dalam Kehidupan Nyata Dan Dunia Maya. Jurnal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 39, "width": 394, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Buletin Poltanesa Vol. 23 No. 2 (Desember 2022) p-ISSN 2721-5350 e-ISSN 2721-5369 https://doi.org/10.51967/tanesa.v23i2.2037 © 2022 Politeknik Pertanian Negeri Samarinda", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 65, "width": 261, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License CC-BY", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 794, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 582 –", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kawistara, 8(1), 104–106. https://doi.org/10.22146/Kawistara.38970 Asmadi, E. (2021). Rumusan Delik dan Pemidanaan Bagi Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 235, "height": 204, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sosial. DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(1), 16–32. https://doi.org/10.30596/DLL.V6I1.4910 Djanggih Fakultas HukumUniversitas Tompotika Luwuk Jl Dewi Sartika, H., Banggai, K., Tengah, S., & Hipan Fakultas Hukum Universitas Muhammadiyah Luwuk Banggai Jl Ahmad Dahlan No, N. K. (2018). Pertimbangan Hakim dalam Perkarapencemaran Nama Baik Melalui Media Sosial (Kajian Putusan Nomor: 324/Pid./2014/PN.SGM). Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 18(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.30641/Dejure.2018.V18.93-102 Efendi, J., & Ibrahim, J. (2018). Metode Penelitian Hukum : Normatif Dan Empiris. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=N- deDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=id#v=on epage&q&f=false", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 342, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hutagalung, I. (2013). Dinamika Sistem Pers di Indonesia. Interaksi: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(2), 156–163.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 81, "top": 376, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.14710/Interaksi.2.2.156-163", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 388, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mulyono, G. P. (2017). Kebijakan formulasi tindak pidana pencemaran nama baik dalam bidang teknologi informasi. Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.26905/IDJCH.V8I2.1669", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 434, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muthia, F. R., & Arifin, R. (2019). Kajian Hukum Pidana Pada Kasus Kejahatan Mayantara (Cybercrime) Dalam Perkara Pencemaran Nama Baik Di Indonesia. Resam Jurnal Hukum, 5(1), 21–39. https://doi.org/10.32661/Resam.V5I1.18", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 491, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Palit, F. H. (2013). Kajian Hukum Mengenai Tindak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 503, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik Yang Dilakukan Melalui Mendia Eelektronik (Menurut UU NO. 11 Tahun 2008). Lex Crimen, 2(7).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 81, "top": 537, "width": 207, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/lexcrimen /article/view/3166", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 560, "width": 235, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purwati, A. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum Teori & Praktek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 583, "width": 235, "height": 67, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rachman, W., Rachman, W. E. K., Simatupang, M. S., Kurnia, Y., & Putri, R. (2020). Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Nama Baik di Media Sosial Berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Perundangan. Rechtidee, 15(1), 133–153. https://doi.org/10.21107/ri.v15i1.6484", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 652, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahman, S. (2017). Kejahatan Pencemaran Nama Baik Atas Pemberitaan Pers di Kota Palangka Raya. Restorica: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi Negara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 687, "width": 210, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 3(1), 134–139. https://doi.org/10.33084/Restorica.V3I1.635", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 710, "width": 235, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rahmawati, I., & Gani, R. A. (2017). Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Terhadap Delik Pers (Suatu Kajian Normatif). Legalitas: Jurnal Hukum, 1(4), 133–190.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 756, "width": 174, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.33087/Legalitas.V1I4.74", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 89, "width": 235, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Respati, W. (2014). Transformasi Media Massa Menuju Era Masyarakat Informasi di Indonesia. Humaniora, 5(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.21512/Humaniora.V5I1.2979 Restendy, M. S., Sunan, U., & Yogyakarta, K. (2020). Dinamika Produksi Media Cetak dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 158, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tantangan Industri Pers di Indonesia. Al-Ittishol: Jurnal Komunikasi Dan Penyiaran Islam, 1(2), 141–164.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 192, "width": 206, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://ejournal.iaiskjmalang.ac.id/index.php/ittisho l/article/view/166", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 215, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Santosa, B. A. (2017a). Peran Media Massa dalam Mencegah Konflik. Jurnal Aspikom, 3(2), 199–214. http://jurnalaspikom.org/index.php/aspikom/article/ view/128", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 261, "width": 235, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Santosa, B. A. (2017b). Peran Media Massa dalam Mencegah Konflik. Jurnal Aaspikom, 3(2), 199– 214.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 296, "width": 206, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://jurnalaspikom.org/index.php/aspikom/article/ view/128", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 319, "width": 232, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Santoso, P. (2016). Konstruksi Sosial Media Massa. Al-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 328, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Balagh : Jurnal Komunikasi Islam, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.37064/AB.JKI.V1I1.505", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 353, "width": 235, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saputra, R. (2021). Telaah Terhadap Konsep Pencemaran Nama Baik Yang Dilakukan Oleh Media Massa Menurut Undang-Udang Pers Nomor 40 Tahun 1999 Dan Kode Etik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 306, "top": 399, "width": 235, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wartawan Dalam Perlindungan Hak Anak Perspektif Undang-Undang Pers, P., & Sahputra, D. (2021). Peran Wartawan Dalam Perlindungan Hak Anak Perspektif Undang-Undang Pers. PERSPEKTIF, 11(1),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 445, "width": 212, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25–34. https://doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v11i1.5261", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 306, "top": 468, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wibowo, A. (2012). Kebijakan Kriminalisasi Delik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 480, "width": 211, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pencemaran Nama Baik di Indonesia. Pandecta Research Law Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/Pandecta.V7I1.2358", "type": "Table" } ]

f2127cc7-4340-577e-c94d-a0d725a30dc5

https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/JAPSPs/article/download/5634/3827

[ { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "68", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 68, "top": 60, "width": 463, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEPEMIMPINAN INSTRUKSIONAL KEPALA SEKOLAH, KOMITMEN GURU DAN MUTU KINERJA MENGAJAR GURU", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 223, "top": 108, "width": 152, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh : Cucu Sukmawati [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 163, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Endang Herawan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 217, "top": 177, "width": 164, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 281, "top": 225, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 484, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menjelaskan tentang optimalisasi mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Mutu kinerja mengajar guru merupakan unsur penting dalam meraih mutu pendidikan. Tuntutan yang semakin mendesak akan guru yang berkualitas dan berkinerja optimal dalam melaksanakan peran dan tugasnya sebagai pendidik berimplikasi pada perlunya upaya pengembangan kinerja guru secara berkesinambungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah terdeskripsikannya dan teranalisisnya pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 85 guru dan 98 siswa kelas IX.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner.Data dianalisis melalui analisis korelasi dan regresi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mutu kinerja mengajar guru berada pada kategori tinggi, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berada pada kategori tinggi, dan komitmen guru berada pada kategori sangat tinggi.Secara parsial,kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guruberpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.Selanjutnya secara simultan, juga berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 386, "width": 438, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci: mutu kinerja mengajar guru, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, komitmen guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 434, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 485, "height": 147, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research describes the optimization of the teaching performance quality of the teachers of the state junior high schools in Sukabumi City. The teachers’ teaching performance quality is an essential element required in achieving quality education. The increasingly urging demand of teachers who have good quality and optimum performance in playing their roles and fulfilling their duties as educators is implicated in the needs of sustainable effort of teachers’ performance development. The objective of this research is to describe and analyze the effect of principals’ instructional leadership and teachers’ commitment on the teaching performance quality of the teachers of the state junior high schools in Sukabumi City. The method used was survey method with quantitative approach. The numbers of samples of this research were 85 teachers and 98 students of the ninth grade. The data collection technique was using questionnaires. The data were analyzed through correlation and regression analyses. The results of the research showed that the teachers’ teaching performance quality was in the high category, the instructional leadership of the principals was in the high category, and the teachers’ commitment was in the very high category.Partially, the principals’ instructional leadership and the teachers’ commitment positively and significantly affects the teachers’ teaching performance quality. Furthermore simultaneously, it alsopositively and significantly affects the teachers’ teaching performance quality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 606, "width": 470, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: teachers’ teaching performance quality, principals’ instructional leadership, teachers’ commitment", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 255, "top": 629, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 661, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan upaya mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa dan cara yang utama dalam meningkatkan mutu sumber daya manusia (SDM). Kontribusi pendidikan terhadap pembangunan bangsa yaitu menghasilkan SDM yang berkualitas. Siklus pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara dapat dicapai dengan investasi SDM melalui pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 661, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kota Sukabumi merupakan salah satu kota andalan di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Dalam menjawab tuntutan perkembangan dunia global, upaya pembangunan Kota Sukabumi lebih diarahkan pada pengembangan sumber daya manusia.Mengingat Kota Sukabumi tidak memiliki sumber daya alam yang dapat diunggulkan.Oleh karena itu, peranan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "69", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pendidikan lebih ditonjolkan untuk menghasilkan SDM yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 97, "width": 228, "height": 275, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah (RPJMD) Kota Sukabumi Tahun 2013-2018 disampaikan bahwa secara umum permasalahan yang dihadapi Kota Sukabumi dalam bidang pendidikan adalah kurangnya tenaga pendidik yang profesional, berkualitas, dan kompeten dalam bidang yang diajarkannya…(Perda Nomor 5 Tahun 2013). Untuk menindaklanjuti isu strategis tersebut dan untuk mewujudkan visi Kota Sukabumi sebagai pusat pelayanan berkualitas bidang pendidikan, pemerintah Kota Sukabumi menetapkan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan pendidikan melalui salah satu sasarannya yaitu meningkatnya kinerja pendidik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 381, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru sebagai tenaga pendidik mempunyai peran strategis dalam proses pembelajaran dan merupakan faktor yang memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap pencapaian hasil belajar siswa.Tugas guru adalah memberikan pelayanan dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan yang diperlukan oleh siswa. Kebutuhan tersebut yaitu kebutuhan pokok berupa ilmu pengetahuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 228, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru hendaknya memahami, menguasai dan mampu melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan tugas utamanya yaitu mengajar. Sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam Undang-Undang RI Nomor 14 tahun 2005 tentang Guru dan Dosen, pasal 1 ayat 1 menyatakan bahwa,guru adalah pendidik profesional dengan tugas utama mendidik, mengajar, membimbing, mengarahkan, melatih dan mengevaluasi peserta didik pada pendidikan anak usia dini jalur pendidikan formal, pendidikan dasar dan pendidikan menengah.Selanjutnya dalam pasal 35 ayat 1, dikatakan bahwa beban kerja guru mencakup", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kegiatan pokok yaitu merencanakan pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran, menilai hasil pembelajaran, membimbing dan melatih peserta didik, serta melaksanakan tugas tambahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 256, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan tugas dan pekerjaan guru tidak terlepas dari cara guru itu bekerja. Guru dituntut agar selalu memiliki kinerja yang baik. Kinerja guru yaitu kemampuan yang diperlihatkan oleh guru dalam melaksanakan tugas atau pekerjaannya.Dikaitkan dengan tugas pokok guru sebagai pengajar maka untuk mendapatkan hasil belajar siswa yang tinggi diperlukan kinerja mengajar guru yang tinggi pula. Kinerja mengajar guru yang bermutu akan sangat menentukan pada kualitas hasil pembelajaran siswa karena guru adalah pihak yang bersentuhan langsung dengan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 400, "width": 228, "height": 352, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembelajaran yang bermutu adalah pembelajaran yang mampu meletakkan posisi guru dengan tepat sehingga guru mampu menjalankan kinerjanya dengan baik sesuai dengan kebutuhan belajar siswa. Mutu kinerja mengajar guru dapat diartikan sebagai serangkaian perilaku atau kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh guru berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam memberikan layanan pengajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan siswa serta tujuan pembelajaran yang hendak dicapai secara efektif dan efisien. Mutu kinerja mengajar guru ditunjukkan dalam proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung efektif, dimana guru dipersyaratkan memiliki kompetensi, profesionalisme dan kemampuan pedagogik yaitu antara lain penguasaan terhadap materi yang akan diajarkan, mampu merencanakan dan melaksanakan kegiatan pembelajaran, serta mampu melakukan evaluasi pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "70", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 484, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Permasalahan kurangnya tenaga pendidik yang profesional, berkualitas dan kompeten dalam bidang yang diajarkannya yang dihadapi oleh Kota Sukabumi diantisipasi dengan meningkatkan kinerja guru. Untuk itu Penilaian Kinerja Guru (PKG) atau sering disebut sebagai penilaian prestasi kerja perlu dilaksanakan sesuai dengan arah kebijakan pemerintah yang mengeluarkan Peraturan Menteri Negara Pendayagunaan Aparatur Negara dan Reformasi Birokrasi (Permenneg PAN dan RB Nomor 16 Tahun 2009) tentang jabatan fungsional guru dan angka kreditnya, disebutkan bahwa penilaian kinerja guru adalah penilaian dari tiap butir kegiatan tugas utama guru dalam rangka pembinaan karier kepangkatan dan jabatannya. Kebijakan tersebut bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi dan memfasilitasi guru dalam mengembangkan profesionalismenya dengan jalan menilai kinerja guru setiap tahun.PKG memberikan kontribusi secara langsung pada mutu pembelajaran yang dilakukan guru sekaligus membantu pengembangan kariernya sebagai tenaga profesional.Melalui kegiatan ini diharapkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru dapat ditingkatkan dari waktu ke waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 552, "width": 228, "height": 219, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penilaian kinerja guru tahun 2015 terhadap guru-guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah pada setiap unit kerjanya, diperoleh nilai PK Guru sub unsur pembelajaran/bimbingan dalam rentang 76-90 yaitu berada pada kategori baik. Meskipun dari hasil penilaian kinerja guru sudah baik, akan tetapi perlu dilakukan upaya optimalisasi secara terus menerus. Dari hasil PKG tersebut, masih ditemukan adanya beberapa guru yang belum secara utuh melaksanakan PAIKEM, masih lemah dalam mengembangkan materi, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "belum semua guru menggunakan alat bantu pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 97, "width": 226, "height": 351, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penilaian kinerja guru yang sudah baik perlu ditingkatkan atau minimal dipertahankan.Upaya ke arah tersebut memerlukan dukungan baik secara eksternal maupun internal.Dukungan eksternal paling tinggi berasal dari organisasi sekolah, seorang kepala sekolah menjadi pimpinan langsung dari guru yang memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab terhadap peningkatan mutu kinerja mengajar guru.Model kepemimpinan instruksional sangat cocok diterapkan bagi kepala sekolah yang memiliki perhatian tinggi terhadap mutu akademik atau pembelajaran.Kepala sekolah instruksional memberikan alokasi waktu yang lebih banyak untuk meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran melalui aktivitas-aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan peningkatan kinerja guru.Dengan membatasi kegiatan-kegiatan yang bersifat seremonial dan kegiatan non akademis lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sementara, dukungan internal yang kuat yang muncul dari dalam diri guru itu sendiri adalah komitmen. Guru memerlukan suatu komitmen dalam menjalankan kinerjanya. Komitmen guru mencerminkan kesungguhan, tanggung jawab, kepedulian, semangat, dan loyalitas dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas pembelajaran.Komitmen ditunjukkan dalam sikap keyakinan dan penerimaan yang kuat terhadap tugas dan kewajiban yang dibebankan kepadanya. Dengan komitmen yang tinggi, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan tercapai secara optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 685, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian di atas, diduga bahwa faktor kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru dapat meningkatkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru, sehingga peneliti mengambil fokus penelitian sebagai variabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "71", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengaruh adalah kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 97, "width": 146, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep mutu perlu dipahami dengan baik dan jelas agar rencana program peningkatan mutu dapat terarah dan memberikan hasil yang optimal.Para ahli mendefinisikan mutu dari berbagai sudut pandangnya masing-masing. Usman (2014, hlm. 541) mengutip beberapa definisi mengenai mutu sebagai berikut: (1) Deming, mendefinisikan mutu sebagai satu tingkat yang dapat diprediksi dari keseragaman dan ketergantungan pada biaya yang rendah sesuai pasar, (2) Juran, mengartikan mutu sebagai kemampuan untuk digunakan ( fitness for use ), (3)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 343, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Crosby, menyatakan bahwa mutu sesuai persyaratan.Berdasarkan pendapat-pendapat tersebut, yang disebut mutu adalah sifat-sifat produk atau jasa yang sesuai persyaratan dan memiliki kemampuan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan penggunanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 314, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbicara tentang mutu berarti berbicara tentang suatu produk atau layanan (jasa).Dari sisi penyelenggaraannya, pendidikan termasuk kategori layanan jasa ( service ). Jasa menurut Kotler (dalam Syamsi, 2008) adalah setiap tindakan atau unjuk kerja yang ditawarkan oleh satu pihak ke pihak lain yang secara prinsip intangible dan tidak menyebabkan perpindahan kepemilikan apapun. Dari pernyataan Kotler tersebut dapat dipahami bahwa jasa merupakan kinerja yang diberikan oleh penyedia layanan kepada konsumen.Bersifat intangible maksudnya jasa tidak berwujud, berbeda dengan barang atau benda. Jasa merupakan suatu kinerja ( performance ), tindakan, proses, atau usaha yang tidak bisa dilihat, dirasa, maupun didengar sebelum dibeli atau dikonsumsi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai kinerja, Supardi (2013, hlm. 47) berpendapatbahwa kinerja adalah hasil kerja yang telah dicapai oleh seseorang dalam suatu organisasi untuk mencapai tujuan berdasarkan standardisasi atau ukuran dan waktu yang disesuaikan dengan jenis pekerjaannya dan sesuai dengan norma dan etika yang telah ditetapkan. Pernyataan tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa kinerja sebagai proses dan hasil akhir dari suatu kegiatan yang dilakukan seorang pegawai dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi harus berdasarkan kepada standar atau ukuran yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 180, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan, mengajar menurut Usman dan Setiawati (1993, hlm. 6), mengajar pada prinsipnya adalah membimbing siswa dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar.Howard (dalam Slameto, 1995, hlm. 32) memberikan definisi mengajar lebih lengkap, menurutnya mengajar adalah suatu aktivitas untuk mencoba menolong, membimbing seseorang untuk mendapatkan, mengubah atau mengembangkan skills , attitude , ideals (cita-cita), appreciations (penghargaan) dan knowledge .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 295, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemahaman secara umum mengajar seringkali diartikan sebagai usaha guru untuk menyampaikan dan menanamkan pengetahuan kepada siswa atau transfer of knowledge . Padahal tugas guru dalam mengajar bukan sekedar memindahkan pengetahuan kepada siswanya, meminta siswa mencatat dan menghapalkan bahan pelajaran sehingga siswa tidak berpikir dan berbuat sesuatu, hanya mendengarkan dan menerima saja apa yang diberikan guru. Mengajar yang hanya menekankan intelektual saja tidak akan membentuk kreativitas di dalam diri siswa, jiwanya menjadi tidak kritis, kurang inisiatif, dan daya kreasi yang rendah.Menjadi tugas berat bagi guru untuk membawa perubahan tingkah laku siswa ke arah yang lebih baik. Guru perlu memikirkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "72", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bagaimana bentuk penyajian pembelajaran yang tepat untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 97, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep mengajar apabila dikaitkan dengan kinerja guru akan mengandung pengertian bahwa kinerja mengajar guru adalah suatu kemampuan guru dalam melaksanakan tugas mengajar yaitu membimbing siswa dalam belajar dengan menciptakan proses pembelajaran yang sebaik- baiknya demi tercapainya tujuan pembelajaran. Untuk dapat menampilkan kinerja yang bagus, guru harus profesional dalam menjalankan tugasnya.Guru yang memiliki kinerja yang baik dan profesional dalam implementasi kurikulum menurut Basyirudin dan Usman (dalam Supardi, 2013, hlm. 59) memiliki ciri-ciri yaitu mendesain program pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran dan menilai hasil belajar peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 400, "width": 226, "height": 371, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam upaya mencapai tujuan pembelajaran, guru perlu merencanakan dan menyiapkan pembelajaran yang bermutu yaitu dengan mengkondisikan berbagai aspek pembelajaran. Menurut Sulthon (2013) untuk menuju pembelajaran yang berkualitas dibutuhkan pengkondisian berbagai aspek pembelajaran diantaranya: metode, strategi, pendekatan, pengelolaan pembelajaran, manajemen kelas, pemanfaatan media, dan penguasaan materi pembelajaran. Sulthon menambahkan bahwa dalam paradigma pendidikan modern, pembelajaran yang bermutu adalah pembelajaran yang di desain dengan subyek (siswa) dijadikan sebagai pelaku pembelajaran, dengan demikian dalam pembelajaran yang aktif melakukan belajar adalah siswa sedang guru sebagai fasilitator dan motivator dalam belajar. Hal ini bertolak belakang dengan proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan oleh banyak guru saat ini. Guru terbiasa mendominasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam menyampaikan materi, guru terbiasa menggunakan metode ceramah, sementara siswa hanya duduk, mencatat, dan mendengarkan, sehingga siswa menjadi pasif dan suasana pembelajaran tidak kondusif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 154, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengajar pada intinya adalah melayani kebutuhan siswa dalam belajar.Untuk itu guru perlu memperhatikan kondisi siswa yang diajarnya, memahami latar belakang, kemampuan, minat, dan potensi yang dimiliki siswa. Pemenuhan terhadap kebutuhan belajar siswa akan memberi kepuasan bagi siswa yang ditandai dengan meningkatnya prestasi belajar yang dicapainya. Oleh karena itu, pelayanan yang diberikan guru harus terencana dan sistematis dengan memperhatikan dimensi kualitas pelayanan jasa dari Parasuraman, Zeithaml dan Berry (dalam Tjiptono, 2012, hlm. 174) yang meliputi: (1) reliabilitas ( reliability ), (2) daya tanggap ( responsiveness ), (3) jaminan ( assurance ), (4) empati ( empathy ), dan (5) bukti fisik ( tangibles ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru memerlukan sumber informasi data dari berbagai pihak, terutama yang terlibat langsung dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu siswa. Pandangan siswa mengenai kemampuan guru mengajar dan pelayanan yang diterimanya adalah faktor yang menentukan penilaian dan pengukuran kepuasan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa mutu kinerja mengajar guru merupakan serangkaian perilaku atau kegiatan yang dilaksanakan oleh guru berdasarkan kemampuannya dalam memberikan layanan pengajaran yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan harapan siswa serta tujuan pembelajaran yang hendak dicapai secara efektif dan efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 761, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "73", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala sekolah berasal dari dua kata yaitu kepala dan sekolah, kata kepala dapat diartikan ketua atau pemimpin dalam suatu organisasi atau sebuah lembaga.Sedang sekolah adalah sebuah lembaga di mana menjadi tempat menerima dan memberi pelajaran. Wahjosumidjo (2010, hlm. 83) mengartikan kepala sekolah sebagai seorang tenaga fungsional guru yang diberi tugas untuk memimpin suatu sekolah dimana diselenggarakan proses belajar mengajar atau tempat dimana terjadi interaksi antara guru yang memberi pelajaran dan murid yang menerima pelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional atau lebih dikenal dengan istilah kepemimpinan pembelajaran mulai dikenal di Indonesia pada tahun 2010. Menurut Huber (dalam Usman & Raharjo, 2013), kepemimpinan pembelajaran ( instructional leadership) disebut juga education leadership, school leadership, visionary leadership and teaching, learning leadership, and supervision leadership .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bush (dalam Usman, 2015) menyatakan bahwa konsep kepemimpinan instruksional fokus pada kegiatan belajar mengajar dan pada perilaku guru dalam melayani siswa.Pengaruh pemimpin ditargetkan pada pembelajaran siswa melalui guru.Sedangkan, Suhardan (2010, hlm. 73) menyampaikan bahwa kepemimpinan pembelajaran merupakan aktivitas kepala sekolah yang kesehariannya disibukkan dengan kegiatan mempengaruhi orang-orang yang menjalankan kegiatan akademik di sekolah, mereka adalah guru dan staf edukatif atau staf teaching. Sejalan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hal tersebut, Rigsbee (dalam Daryanto, 2011, hlm. 51) mengemukakan bahwa seorang kepala sekolah yang baik adalah seorang pemimpin yang bersifat instruksional yang membantu guru untuk menciptakan bagaimana cara terbaik siswa belajar. Kepala sekolah yang bersifat instruksional menempatkan agenda pembelajaran pada urutan pertama dari seluruh kegiatannya.Memberikan dukungan yang tepat untuk peningkatan mutu kinerja mengajar guru dan kesuksesan pembelajaran di kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 268, "width": 226, "height": 199, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lebih jelas Hallinger (dalam Emmanouil dkk., 2014) menekankan bahwa seorang kepala sekolah instruksional juga mencoba untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang positif dengan mendukung pengembangan profesional, berbagi visi dan memberikan motivasi yang kuat serta inspirasi untuk pembelajaran staf pengajar (guru). Kepala sekolah instruksional memberi motivasi pada guru untuk mengembangkan profesionalisme sehingga guru mampu meningkatkan mutu pengajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari pernyataan-pernyataan diatas dapat dipahami bahwa kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah adalah perilaku kepala sekolah yang memprioritaskan aktivitasnya pada pembelajaran yaitu dengan mempengaruhi, mengarahkan, dan membimbing guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar sehingga guru dapat memberikan layanan belajar terbaik kepada siswa. Dengan demikian, dapat peneliti gambarkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 274, "top": 154, "width": 49, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 182, "top": 173, "width": 234, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 211, "width": 228, "height": 256, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar di atas menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah menempatkan guru sebagai komponen utama yang perlu dikembangkan artinya kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah membangun dan mendorong munculnya kreativitas guru yang profesional, inovatif, dan kreatif dalam proses pembelajaran. Dimana pembinaan terhadap kinerja mengajar guru dalam melaksanakan tugas mengajar menjadi target utama. Kepala sekolah memberikan implikasi yang luas dan besar dalam meningkatkan kinerja mengajar guru agar bermutu. Mutu kinerja mengajar guru pada akhirnya bermuara pada peningkatan layanan belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (dalam Usman, 2013) menyatakan bahwa kepemimpinan pembelajaran efektif apabila kepala sekolah mampu memainkan perannya sebagai: (1) pemantau kerja guru, (2) penilai kinerja guru, (3) pelaksana dan pengaturan pendampingan dan pelatihan, (4) perencana Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan (PKB) guru, (5) pengkoordinasi kerja tim, dan (6) pengkoordinasi pembelajaran kolaboratif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 666, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Langkah-langkah tersebut tampaknya perlu dilakukan mengingat laju perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi yang pesat serta arus globalisasi menuntut guru untuk selalu memutakhirkan wawasan dan kemampuannya. Wawasan dan kemampuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 211, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seorang guru diharapkan mampu menyokong kegiatannya dalam proses belajar mengajar, sehingga guru memiliki cara pandang yang maju dalam menilai berbagai hal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 180, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai konsep kepemimpinan yang fokus pada kegiatan belajar mengajar dan perilaku guru dalam melayani siswa, maka kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin instruksional memfokuskan kegiatannya pada upaya peningkatan dan perbaikan mutu kinerja mengajar para gurunya, yaitu dengan mengajak, mendorong, mengarahkan, dan memfasilitasi guru bagi pengembangan kinerjanya. Memberdayakan guru sehingga memiliki keunggulan dalam mutu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 81, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 495, "width": 226, "height": 238, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen pada umumnya didefinisikan sebagai keterikatan tingkat tinggi terhadap sebuah organisasi, aktivitas atau orang (Crosswell, 2006).Menurut Armstrong (2003, hlm. 34), komitmen adalah kecintaan dan kesetiaan. Sementara Schermerhorn, Hunt, Osborn, dan Uhl- Bien (dalam Wibowo, 2014, hlm. 428) menyatakan komitmen sebagai loyalitas seorang individu pada organisasi. Dari pernyataan-pernyataan tersebut, maka komitmen dapat dikatakan sebagai bentuk keterikatan, kecintaan, kesetiaan, dan loyalitas individu baik terhadap organisasi, pekerjaan, maupun orang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 742, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Graham (1996), komitmen guru adalah faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 86, "width": 325, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala sekolah Pengembangan Guru Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru Layanan Belajar Siswa", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "belajar mengajar. Hal ini mengandung pemahaman bahwa guru sebagai individu memiliki keterlibatan dengan sekolah, dengan materi pelajaran, tujuan pembelajaran, dan niat guru untuk mempertahankan keanggotaan organisasi, semua ini akan berpengaruh terhadap proses pembelajaran yang dilakukannya. Senada dengan Coladarci (dalam Fresko dkk.,1997) yang mendefinisikan komitmen guru sebagai derajat keterikatan psikologis bagi profesi mengajar. Komitmen guru mencerminkan derajat hubungan yang dimiliki oleh guru terhadap pekerjaannya yaitu mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Crosswell (2006) menyebutkan dimensi- dimensi penting dari komitmen guru diantaranya adalah komitmen terhadap: (1) sekolah atau organisasi, (2) siswa, (3) kelanjutan karier, (4) pengetahuan dasar profesional, dan (5) profesi mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 400, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mart (2013a) mengungkapkan bahwa guru yang memiliki komitmen pada sekolah menunjukkan sikap seperti: bangga dengan sekolah tempatnya bekerja, membangkitkan keinginan untuk bekerja lebih keras, tertarik pada masa depan sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 514, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru terhadap siswa, menurut Park (2005) meliputi kesediaan guru untuk membantu siswa dan bertanggung jawab atas pembelajaran siswa dan kehidupan sekolah.Dalam hal ini, Mart (2013b) mengungkapkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 628, "width": 197, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A commited teacher always makes every effort to advance students’ professional competence by providing them a quality learning environment. A commited teacher, trough making effective contribution to the achievement of students, endeavors their students to be well-educated in their community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seorang guru yang memiliki komitmen terhadap siswa akan berusaha menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang berkualitas, siswa diposisikan sebagai subjek belajar dan guru sebagai fasilitator. Guru berupaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi siswa dengan cara membimbing dan memotivasi siswa agar mencapai hasil belajar yang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 211, "width": 226, "height": 332, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nias dkk. (dalam Crosswell, 2006) menyebutkan bahwa aspek lain dari komitmen adalah memperhatikan kelanjutan karier. Kelanjutan karier merupakan proses dan kegiatan mempersiapkan pegawai untuk jabatan yang akan datang. Komitmen guru terhadap kelanjutan karier di tunjukkan dengan keterlibatan guru di dalam meningkatkan kompetensinya agar karier yang digeluti dapat berkembang maksimal.Diantaranya, menghadiri forum atau kegiatan ilmiah.Menurut Noordin dkk. (2008), orang yang berkomitmen terhadap kariernya akan mungkin berkinerja lebih baik dan ini akan mengarah pada kinerja organisasi yang lebih baik secara keseluruhan. Seorang guru hendaklah memiliki komitmen untuk mengembangkan kariernya, selain dapat meningkatkan kompetensi juga akan meningkatkan kinerja mengajarnya lebih baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 552, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Good dan Brophy (Ohi, 2007) berpendapat bahwa untuk menjadi pembuat kebijakan yang aktif dan untuk mengembangkan pribadi mereka, guru perlu memahami pengetahuan dasar yang mendukung pengajaran, meliputi tidak hanya informasi tentang strategi pembelajaran tetapi juga tentang pengembangan siswa, pembelajaran, dan motivasi. Untuk itu guru perlu meningkatkan ‘ knowledge dan expertise’ mereka secara serius dan keinginan untuk melakukannya sebaik mungkin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 332, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan, komitmen guru pada profesi menurut Somech dan Bloger (dalam Thien dkk., 2014), melibatkan keterikatan sikap terhadap profesi atau pekerjaan yang berhubungan dengan identifikasi pribadi dan kepuasan sebagai guru. Profesi menunjuk pada suatu pekerjaan atau jabatan yang menuntut keahlian, tanggung jawab, dan kesetiaan terhadap profesi (Saud, 2013, hlm.7).Profesi dilaksanakan sebagai suatu pekerjaan dengan keterlibatan pribadi yang mendalam. Guru dikatakan sebagai sebuah profesi karena guru dituntut memiliki keahlian dalam mengajar, merancang pengajaran, dan mengelola kelas. Thapan (dalam Mart, 2013a) menyebutkan bahwa komitmen untuk mengajar berkontribusi pada perilaku guru, sikap, persepsi, dan kinerja. Profesi guru tidak bisa dilakukan oleh sembarang orang karena harus melalui proses pendidikan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelatihan yang intensif. Komitmen guru terhadap profesi ditunjukkan dengan melaksanakan tugas penuh tanggung jawab dan kemauan yang tinggi untuk meningkatkan keahlian dan kemampuan profesionalnya secara terus-menerus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 154, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru merupakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja guru.Ditandai dengan keinginan guru untuk mengerjakan tugasnya dengan serius dan sungguh-sungguh. Guru akan menjiwai peran sebagai tenaga pendidik, menjiwai siswa dan menjiwai bidang studi yang diajarkannya.Apabila proses pembelajaran ini dikembangkan maka siswa akan menjadi output yang memiliki kemandirian dalam berpikir. Untuk itu, siswa perlu mendapatkan pelayanan belajar yang bermutu dari sosok guru yang memiliki komitmen tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 413, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 445, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap seluruh SMP Negeri yang ada di Kota Sukabumi Provinsi Jawa Barat yang berjumlah 16 sekolah yang tersebar pada tujuh kecamatan.Populasi responden dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru dan siswa kelas IX yang terdiri dari 572 orang guru dan 4.165 orang siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 615, "width": 228, "height": 162, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Melihat jumlah populasi yang besar, maka peneliti hanya akan mengambil sebagian dari populasi. Penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan teknik Probability Sampling .Salah satu jenis dari teknik ini adalah Simple Random Sampling .Besaran jumlah sampel yang diambil dari populasi dihitung dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin . Dari hasil perhitungan diperoleh jumlah sampel guru dalam penelitian ini adalah 85", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 445, "width": 226, "height": 123, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "orang guru dan 98 orang siswa.Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket yang disusun berbentuk skala Likert .Sebelum angket disebarkan kepada responden, angket penelitian tersebut terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji coba instrumenuntuk melihat validitas dan reliabilitasnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 577, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui tahapan berikut: (1) seleksi angket untuk memeriksa dan menyeleksi kelengkapan data yang terkumpul, (2) analisis deskriptif dimaksudkan untuk melihat kecenderungan jawaban responden pada masing-masing variabel dengan menggunakan teknik Weighted Means Scored (WMS), (3) mengubah skor mentah menjadi skor baku, (4) melakukan uji persyaratan analisis data yaitu uji normalitas dan linieritas, (5) menguji", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "hipotesis penelitian dengan analisis korelasi dan regresi, serta uji signifikansi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 110, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 141, "width": 108, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 160, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa secara umum variabel mutu kinerja mengajar guru (Y) berada pada kategori tinggi dengan skor rata-rata 3,99, variabel Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah (X 1 )berada pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 141, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kategori tinggi dengan skor rata-rata 3,95, dan komitmen guru (X 2 ) berada pada kategori sangat tinggi dengan skor rata-rata 4,06.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 198, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, berdasarkan hasil analisis korelasi dan regresi baik secara sederhana maupun ganda diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 274, "width": 443, "height": 240, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Rangkuman Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis Pengaruh antar Variabel Koefisien Korelasi Koefisien Regresi Signifikansi Regresi Koefisien Determinasi Variabe l Lain X 1 terhadap Y 0,800 Sangat Kuat Y′ = 9,238 + 0,788X 1 Positif 12,145 > 1,989 Signifikan 64% 36% X 2 terhadap Y 0.842 Sangat Kuat Y′ = 7,396 + 0,825X 2 Positif 14,200 > 1,989 Signifikan 70,8% 29,2% X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y 0,889 Sangat Kuat Y′ = 1,551 + 0,401X 1 + 0,541X 2 Positif 154,83 > 3,11 Signifikan 79% 21%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 542, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas, diperoleh koefisien korelasi X 1 terhadap Y sebesar 0,800, maka hubungan antara variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru tergolong pada kategori sangat kuat. Hubungan variabel komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 0,842 tergolong pada kategori sangat kuat. Demikian juga,hasil korelasi ganda X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Yyaitu hubungan antara variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama terhadap mutu kinerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 542, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengajar guru sebesar 0,889 tergolong pada kategori sangat kuat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 580, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun hasil analisis regresi X 1 terhadap Y diperoleh koefisien regresi sebesar 0,788 dan konstanta 9,238. Maka dapat digambarkan bentuk hubungan variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru dalam persamaan regresi 𝐘′ = 9,238 + 0,788X 1 . Selanjutnya, diperoleh koefisien regresi X 2 terhadap Y sebesar 0,825 dan konstanta sebesar 7,396. Maka dapat digambarkan bentuk hubungan variabel komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru dalam persamaan regresi 𝐘′ = 7,396", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "+ 0,825X 2 . Sedangkan, koefisien regresi ganda X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y, yaitu kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah (X 1 ) sebesar 0,401 dan komitmen guru (X 2 ) sebesar 0,541 dengan konstanta 1,551. Dengan demikian, persamaan regresi gandanya adalah 𝐘′ = 1,551 + 0,401X 1 + 0,541X 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 192, "width": 226, "height": 257, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji signifikansi (uji t) untuk X 1 terhadap Y diperoleh t hitung sebesar 12.145 dan diperoleh t tabel 1.989, karena t hitung > t tabel atau 12.145> 1.989, maka keputusannya pengaruh X 1 terhadap Y signifikan. Hasil uji signifikansi untuk X 2 terhadap Y diperoleh t hitung sebesar 14.200 dan t tabel 1.989, karena t hitung > t tabel atau 14.200 > 1.989, maka keputusannya pengaruh X 2 terhadap Y signifikan. Sedangkan, hasil uji signifikansi (uji F) untuk X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y, diperoleh F hitung sebesar 154,83 dan f tabel sebesar 3,11. Karena F hitung > F tabel atau 154,83> 3,11, maka keputusannya pengaruh X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Y signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 458, "width": 226, "height": 123, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai koefisien determinasi X 1 terhadap Y yaitu 0,640 atau 64%. Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 64% dan sisanya 36% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Nilai koefisien determinasi X 2 terhadap Y yaitu 0,708 atau 70,8%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 590, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel komitmen guru berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 70,8% dan sisanya 29,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Nilai koefisien determinasi X 1 dan X 2 terhadap Yyaitu 0,790 atau 79%. Ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru sebesar 79% dan sisanya 21% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 203, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMBAHASAN Gambaran Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 97, "width": 226, "height": 237, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi berada pada kategoritinggi dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 3,99. Variabel mutu kinerja mengajar guru diukur melalui lima dimensi dan diperoleh hasil pengukuran sebagai berikut: (1) reliabilitas ( reliability ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,75, (2) daya tanggap ( responsiveness ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,96, (3) jaminan ( assurance ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,11, (4) empati ( empathy ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,13, (5) bukti fisik ( tangibles ) dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,03.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 343, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi jaminan ( assurance ) memperoleh jawaban dengan skor paling tinggi, sedangkan reliabilitas ( reliability ) meskipun berada dalam kategori tinggi merupakan jawaban dengan skor terendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 438, "width": 226, "height": 276, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya perolehan skor rata-rata dimensi reliabilitas ( reliability ) penyebabnya antara lain, guru memulai pembelajaran tidak tepat waktu, penggunaan metode mengajar yang kurang variatif, jarang menggunakan alat bantu belajar/media yang relevan dengan materi, dan kurang memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk bertanya. Hal ini akan menyebabkan faktor kebosanan pada siswa. Menurut Hasibuan dan Moedjiono (2006, hlm. 64), faktor kebosanan pada siswa disebabkan oleh adanya penyajian kegiatan belajar yang begitu-begitu saja akan mengakibatkan perhatian, motivasi, dan minat siswa terhadap pelajaran, guru, dan sekolah menurun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 723, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reliabilitas atau keandalan diukur dengan tindakan pelayanan yang tepat, profesionalisme dalam menangani keluhan siswa, melayani siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan baik dan ramah, memberikan layanan belajar sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan, dan memberikan pelayanan selalu sesuai dengan jadwal dan tepat waktu. Menurut Zeithaml, Bitner, dan Gremler (2006, hlm. 117), keandalan didefinisikan sebagai kemampuan untuk melakukan layanan yang dijanjikan dengan terpercaya dan akurat atau sesuai dengan apa yang dijanjikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 230, "width": 228, "height": 294, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan keandalan atau reliabilitas guru yaitu: (1) kemampuan, guru harus memiliki kemampuan profesional dan memiliki kompetensi di bidangnya agar dapat meyakinkan siswa untuk berprestasi, (2) kinerja, guru dituntut memiliki kinerja yang tinggi dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, (3) kepribadian, guru memiliki kepribadian yang kuat yang menjadikannya sebagai teladan bagi siswa dan membawa citra positif bagi lembaga sekolah, (4) Kedewasaan, guru mampu mengendalikan diri dan matang dalam mengendalikan kondisi siswa. (5) komitmen, guru harus membangun dan mempertahankan komitmen dalam lingkungan belajar yang sehat, sehingga siswa akan lebih termotivasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 226, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambaran Kepemimpinan Instruksional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 552, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala Sekolah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan instruksionalkepala sekolah SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi berada pada kategoritinggi dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 3,95. Variabel diukur melalui tujuh dimensi dan diperoleh hasil pengukuran sebagai berikut: (1) peningkatan secara berkelanjutan dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,04, (2) kultur pembelajaran dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,86, (3) penilaian hasil belajar dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,79, (4) pengembangan profesionalisme", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "guru dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,91, (5) manajemen sekolah, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,94, (6) etika, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,07, (7) perbedaan, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 180, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan dari seluruh dimensi yang diteliti, dimensi etika memperoleh jawaban dengan skor paling tinggi, dan dimensi penilaian hasil belajar meskipun berada dalam kategori tinggi merupakan jawaban dengan skor terendah dari ketujuh dimensi tersebut. Hal ini menunjukkan peran kepala sekolah dalam memimpin, memfasilitasi, dan berkolaborasi dengan guru dalam menilai hasil belajar siswa masih dirasakan kurang oleh guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 324, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya perolehan skor rata-rata dimensi penilaian hasil belajar penyebabnya antara lain, kepala sekolah jarang mengajak guru berdiskusi tentang cara memberi penilaian hasil belajar siswa, dan kepala sekolah tidak memberi teguran kepada guru yang tidak mengoreksi hasil ulangan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 438, "width": 226, "height": 276, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep dimensi penilaian hasil belajar adalah kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berupaya memfasilitasi peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di sekolah berdasarkan hasil penilaian yang dilakukan secara berkelanjutan.Penilaian ( assessment ) merupakan salah satu elemen penting dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Dengan penilaian tersebut dapat diketahui tingkat kemajuan belajar siswa, kemampuan siswa baik kekurangan atau kelebihan siswa dalam belajar, dan menjadi feedback bagi guru untuk mengevaluasi tingkat keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar. Untuk itu, kepala sekolah perlu memperhatikan hal-hal yang terkait dengan penilaian dalam pembelajaran tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 723, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Hargreaves dkk.(2001), menekankan perlunya pemimpin instruksional untuk membantu guru menyesuaikan tuntutan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ujian dengan penilaian profesional berkelanjutan untuk pengembangan siswa.Sedangkan Lingard dkk.(2003) mengemukakan bahwa, hal terpenting yang diperlukan dalam pembelajaran adalah pengembangan ruang dalam sekolah untuk membahas cara-cara dimana praktek kelas (penilaian dan pedagogik) dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja secara produktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 211, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan kemampuan guru dalam menilai hasil belajar diterapkan oleh kepala sekolah dengan berbagai strategi, diantaranya: (1) melakukan kunjungan kelas untuk melihat proses penilaian secara langsung, (2) mengadakan rapat- rapat pembinaan guru untuk mengenalkan informasi baru yang perlu diketahui guru berkaitan dengan penilaian hasil belajar siswa, (3) mengikutsertakan para guru dalam diklat, seminar, dan penataran pendidikan yang membahas tentang penilaian, (4) mendorong para guru agar aktif dalam kegiatan Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) karena melalui MGMP ini guru dapat berdiskusi untuk memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi dalam mengajar termasuk dalam memberikan penilaian dan pembuatan instrumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 514, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian hasil belajar dijadikan sebagai bahan evaluasi untuk perbaikan proses belajar siswa. Siswa diberi kesempatan untuk mengikuti program remedial dan pengayaan untuk mencapai hasil yang optimal.Bagi kepala sekolah, penilaian hasil belajar siswa digunakan sebagai dasar untuk membuat keputusan, menyusun kebijakan dan mengembangkan program selanjutnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 666, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambaran Komitmen Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 685, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa komitmen guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi berada pada kategorisangat tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata keseluruhan sebesar 4,06. Variabel komitmen guru diukur melalui lima", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dimensi dan diperoleh hasil pengukuran sebagai berikut: (1) komitmen terhadap sekolah atau organisasi dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,99, (2) komitmen terhadap siswa dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 3,88, (3) komitmen terhadap kelanjutan karir dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,11, (4) komitmen terhadap pengetahuan dasar professional dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,08, (5) komitmen terhadap profesi mengajar, dengan skor rata-rata sebesar 4,25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 249, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara umum komitmen guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi tergolong sudah sudah sangat baik.Berdasarkan temuan dari seluruh dimensi yang diteliti, dimensi komitmen terhadap profesi mengajar memperoleh jawaban dengan skor paling tinggi, dan dimensi komitmen terhadap siswa meskipun berada dalam kategori tinggi merupakan jawaban dengan skor terendah dari kelima dimensi tersebut.Hal ini menunjukkan komitmen guru untuk membantu siswa dalam pembelajaran dan mengembangkan kemampuan terbaik siswa belum sepenuhnya terealisasikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rendahnya perolehan skor rata-rata pada dimensi komitmen terhadap siswa penyebabnya antara lain, guru kurang berusaha menggali potensi yang dimiliki siswa untuk dikembangkan dan belum sepenuhnya memonitor perkembangan siswa pada aspek kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kegiatan belajar mengajar yang bermutu dapat dicapai apabila guru dapat memenuhi kebutuhan siswa.Untuk mewujudkan pembelajaran yang memuaskan diperlukan suatu komitmen guru yang penuh kesungguhan dalam memberikan layanan pembelajaran.Menurut Kotler (1999, hlm. 52) kepuasan adalah tingkat perasaan seseorang setelah membandingkan kinerja (atau hasil) yang dirasakan dibandingkan dengan harapannya.Siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sangat mengharapkan layanan guru secara maksimal yaitu guru memiliki tujuan untuk dapat melayani kepentingan terbaik siswa, terutama prestasi akademiknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Mart (2013b), komitmen guru sangat terkait dengan kinerja guru dimana memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa.Lebih lanjut Mart menjelaskan, seorang guru yang memiliki komitmen selalu berusaha untuk meningkatkan kompetensi siswa dengan menyediakan mereka lingkungan belajar yang berkualitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 287, "width": 226, "height": 332, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seorang guru yang berkomitmen untuk siswa adalah guru yang menempatkan belajar dan minat siswa di atas segalanya. Beberapa karakteristik seorang guru yang mengutamakan komitmennya untuk siswa antara lain: (1) memilih bahan ajar yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan siswa, (2) merencanakan pembelajaran dengan mempertimbangkan minat khusus siswa, (3) memperhatikan siswa dan mengingatkannya ketika melakukan kesalahan, (4) memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk tetap berhubungan dengan mereka di luar jam pelajaran, (5) berusaha tidak membawa masalah pribadi yang dapat mempengaruhi kelas, (6) menghormati siswa, (7) ingin siswanya berhasil dan membantu mereka menjadi pelajar yang mandiri (8) berusaha melakukan penilaian dengan tepat waktu agar secepatnya dapat dilakukan umpan balik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 628, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Singh dan Billinnsgley (dalam Mart, 2013b) menekankan bahwa rendahnya tingkat komitmen guru menurunkan prestasi belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, sudah seyogyanya guru mempunyai komitmen terhadap siswa dan proses belajarnya karena komitmen tinggi guru adalah untuk kepentingan siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Instruksional Kepala Sekolah terhadap Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Besarnya pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru adalah 64%, sisanya sebesar 36% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 268, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, dari perhitungan analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu poin kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0.788 poin. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah merupakan salah satu faktor yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 495, "width": 228, "height": 276, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru, disebabkan karena aktivitas kepala sekolah yang benar-benar memfokuskan diri terhadap peningkatan proses dan hasil belajar siswa melalui guru. Artinya kepemimpinan instruksional memberdayakan segenap kemampuan guru dalam mengajar sehingga mutu kinerja mengajar guru meningkat.Kinerja mengajar guru yang bermutu pada gilirannya akan meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar siswa karena hasil belajar siswa tidak langsung dari kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, melainkan melalui proses pengajaran yang dilakukan guru. Pernyataan ini didukung oleh hasil penelitian Leitwood dkk. (dalam Usman,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2015) yang menemukan bahwa kepemimpinan kepala sekolah berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap hasil belajar siswa, tetapi melalui guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penelitian ini sejalan dengan temuan penelitian Usman (2015), yaitu kepemimpinan instruksional adalah pendampingan yang fokus pada pembelajaran yang meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi pembelajaran sesuai kurikulum, dan mengembangkan keprofesionalan guru untuk meningkatkan proses dan hasil belajar siswa. Menjadi tugas dan tanggung jawab kepala sekolah dalam mengembangkan profesionalisme guru.Seperti yang diungkapkan Emmanouil dkk. (2014), adalah tanggung jawab kepala sekolah untuk membangun kondisi kerja yang memungkinkan hubungan yang produktif dan kreatif antara guru dan seluruh komunitas sekolah, melakukannya dengan cara pengembangan profesional staf pengajar (guru).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 419, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Hallinger (dalam Emmanouil dkk., 2014), seorang kepala sekolah instruksional mencoba untuk menciptakan lingkungan belajar yang positif dengan mendukung pengembangan profesional, berbagi visi dan memberikan motivasi yang kuat dan inspirasi untuk pembelajaran kepada staf pengajar (guru)). Kepala sekolah instruksional memberi motivasi pada guru untuk mengembangkan profesionalisme sehingga guru mampu meningkatkan mutu pengajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru, sesuai dengan dimensi kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah pada penelitian ini yaitu: (1) merencanakan pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan (PKB) guru, (2) menciptakan kultur pembelajaran yang kondusif, (3) mengembangkan kemampuan guru dalam proses penilaian hasil belajar siswa, (4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 238, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melaksanakan pengembangan profesionalisme guru baik melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan maupun pendampingan, (5) mengalokasikan sumber daya pendidikan baik itu anggaran pendidikan maupun peralatan dan perlengkapan bagi program pengembangan guru, (6) melaksanakan proses pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan standar etika dan menghormati guru, (7) membimbing guru dalam menanggapi perbedaan siswa. Dalam melaksanakan strategi kepemimpinan instruksional tersebut kepala sekolah dipersyaratkan memiliki sejumlah kompetensi kepemimpinan instruksional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 305, "width": 197, "height": 10, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal di atas selaras dengan pendapat Obi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 324, "width": 226, "height": 276, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(dalam Enueme & Egwunyenga, 2008) mengemukakan bahwa untuk menjadi pemimpin instruksional yang berhasil, kepala sekolah harus memberi perhatian utama pada program pengembangan staf yang terdiri dari teknik kepemimpinan dan rancangan prosedur untuk mengubah peran kinerja guru. Obi menyatakan bahwa peran kepala sekolah dalam hal ini meliputi: kunjungan kelas, observasi, pertemuan, seminar dan workshop, perhimpunan profesi, dan program layanan pendidikan. Peran pemimpin instruksional dalam meningkatkan profesionalisme guru terkait dengan tanggung jawabnya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran melalui kinerja mengajar guru yang bermutu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 609, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi yang dilaksanakan kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah di atas terbukti berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Hal ini mencerminkan keunggulan konsep kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dalam memimpin lembaga sekolah yang memiliki core business yaitu teaching and learning . Adapun kentungan dari implementasi kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dari hasil penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ini adalahmeningkatnya mutu kinerja mengajar guru, sekaligus meningkatnya mutu proses pembelajaran dan hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AnalisisPengaruh Komitmen Guru terhadap Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 154, "width": 226, "height": 294, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Besarnya pengaruh komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru adalah 70,8%, sisanya sebesar 29,2% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain. Selanjutnya, perhitungan analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu poin komitmen guru, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0.825 poin. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin tinggi komitmen guru maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, komitmen guru merupakan salah satu faktor yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 228, "height": 295, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru berpengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru hal ini disebabkan karena ketika guru memiliki komitmen tinggi yaitu semangat, keinginan, keyakinan, dedikasi, dan loyalitas yang kuat untuk memberikan usaha dan energinya terhadap tugasnya mengajar maka mutu kinerjanya dalam mengajar pun akan meningkat. Hasil penelitian ini sesuai dengan pernyataan Fink (1992), bahwa kinerja karyawan sangat dipengaruhi tingkat komitmen yang dimiliki oleh karyawan yang bersangkutan. Tingkat komitmen guru yang tinggi akan menghasilkan kinerja yang tinggi pula. Hal ini selaras dengan pendapat Thapan (dalam Mart, 2013a), komitmen untuk mengajar berkontribusi pada perilaku, sikap, persepsi, dan kinerja guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variabel yang menentukan tingkat komitmen guru, menurut Celep (dalam Mart, 2013b), interaksi antara guru, hubungan antara guru dan siswa, mutu pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh guru dan lingkungan kerja yang cocok antara guru dan administrasi sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 173, "width": 226, "height": 389, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen secara mandiri perlu dibangun oleh guru dengan cara guru selalu menyadari akan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya yang besar sebagai guru, selalu ingat bahwa pekerjaannya merupakan tugas mulia dan pengabdian yang luhur. Langkah- langkah kepala sekolah dalam meningkatkan komitmen guru diantaranya melalui cara: (1) mengirim guru untuk mengikuti seminar dan pelatihan, (2) mendatangkan narasumber atau pakar ke sekolah, (3) mendukung setiap kegiatan guru yang berhubungan dengan kemajuan program pengajaran, (4) memberikan penghargaan kerja sesuai prestasi, dan (5) mendorong pengembangan profesi. Sedangkan, upaya organisasi sekolah dalam membangun komitmen guru yaitu: (1) memperhatikan kesejahteraan guru, (2) menyediakan sarana dan prasarana pembelajaran yang memadai, (3) menciptakan iklim kerja yang kondusif, (4) melibatkan guru dalam aktivitas-aktivitas keorganisasian, sehingga guru merasa diterima sebagai anggota organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 571, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Mart (2013b), guru dengan tingkat komitmen yang tinggi bekerja lebih keras, terikat secara emosional dengan sekolah mereka, dan membuat lebih banyak usaha untuk melaksanakan tujuan pengajaran. Seiring dengan tingginya tingkat komitmen tersebut maka mutu kinerja mengajar yang dilaksanakan guru pun akan meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 723, "width": 225, "height": 10, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 742, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instruksional Kepala Sekolah terhadap Mutu Kinerja Mengajar Guru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Besarnya pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru adalah 79%, sisanya sebesar 21% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 230, "width": 226, "height": 218, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya, melalui perhitungan analisis regresi disimpulkan bahwa setiap penambahan satu poin kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru, maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,401 dan 0, 541 poin. Hal ini berarti bahwa semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin meningkat. Dengan demikian, kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah merupakan salah satu faktor yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 457, "width": 226, "height": 162, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh yang besar kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru mengisyaratkan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut berperan sangat penting dalam menentukan mutu kinerja mengajar guru. Hal ini disebabkan karena kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru mencurahkan waktu dan perhatiannya pada pelaksanaan kurikulum dan pengembangan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 628, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah melakukan pendampingan bagi guru mulai dari merencanakan pembelajaran, mengelola proses pembelajaran, sampai pada mengevaluasi pembelajaran. Dimana, kegiatan tersebut merupakan tugas pokok pengajaran yang wajib dikuasai guru. Seperti yang disampaikan oleh Basyirudin dan Usman (dalam Supardi, 2013, hlm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 181, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "260), guru dengan kinerja yang baik serta profesional dalam implementasi kurikulum memiliki ciri-ciri: mendesain program pembelajaran, melaksanakan pembelajaran dan menilai hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena program kepemimpinan instruksional relevan dengan kebutuhan tugas guru, maka tidak dapat dipungkiri lagi kepemimpinan instruksional memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 249, "width": 226, "height": 275, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Disisi lain, seorang guru yang memiliki komitmen dalam menjalankan tugas tentunya akan selalu mencari cara untuk memperbaiki dan menyempurnakan mutu kinerja mengajarnya. Menurut Kurniasih (2013), dengan komitmen yang tinggi maka kualitas layanan pembelajaran yang merupakan tugas pokok dan fungsi sebagai seorang guru akan tercapai dengan maksimal. Komitmen yang tinggi ditandai dengan melaksanakan pekerjaan secara serius, antusias, dan sungguh- sungguh. Sebagai seorang pendidik yang memiliki tugas memberi layanan belajar kepada siswa, maka komitmen tersebut harus selalu dijaga dan ditingkatkan agar mutu kinerja mengajar yang dihasilkan dapat optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 533, "width": 226, "height": 219, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan utama dari persekolahan adalah pembelajaran siswa.Apa yang mereka pelajari tergantung pada kinerja guru, yang merupakan produk dari berbagai faktor, seperti komitmen guru, pengembangan profesional, lingkungan sekolah, budaya yang berlaku, inovasi guru dan lain sebagainya (Enueme & Egwunyenga, 2008). Sheppard (dalam Enueme & Egwunyenga, 2008) menambahkan bahwa yang paling berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan profesional guru adalah perilaku kepemimpinan instruksional baik pada tingkat sekolah dasar maupun sekolah tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 143, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai upaya meraih mutu pendidikan, maka semua unsur sekolah terutama kepala sekolah dan guru melalui semangat dan komitmen yang tinggi perlu saling bekerja sama dan berkemitraan untuk meningkatkan mutu kinerja guru. Guru harus terlibat dalam beberapa program pengembangan yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah selaku pemimpin instruksional secara terus-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menerus memperbarui guru dalam rangka untuk menanamkan pengetahuan yang benar kepada siswa. Dari seluruh uraian di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 224, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 255, "width": 61, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 274, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pada rumusan masalah, tujuan penelitian, hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, maka dapat ditarik kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 350, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang diukur melalui dimensi reliabilitas ( reliability ), daya tanggap ( responsiveness ), jaminan ( assurance ), empati ( empathy ), dan bukti fisik ( tangibles ) berada pada kategori tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 464, "width": 226, "height": 123, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang diukur melalui dimensi peningkatan secara berkelanjutan, kultur pembelajaran, penilaian hasil belajar, pengembangan profesionalisme guru, manajemen sekolah, etika, dan perbedaan berada pada kategori tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 596, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi yang diukur melalui dimensi komitmen guru terhadap: sekolah atau organisasi, siswa, kelanjutan karier, pengetahuan dasar profesional, dan profesi mengajar berada pada kategori sangat tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 710, "width": 226, "height": 67, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi. Hal ini mengindikasikan mutu kinerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 255, "width": 226, "height": 86, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mengajar guru salah satunya ditentukan oleh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah. Dengan demikian, semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 350, "width": 226, "height": 124, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Komitmen guru berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Hal ini mengindikasikan mutu kinerja mengajar guru salah satunya ditentukan oleh komitmen guru. Dengan demikian, semakin tinggi komitmen guru maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 482, "width": 226, "height": 200, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi.Hal ini mengindikasikan mutu kinerja mengajar guru ditentukan oleh kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru secara bersama-sama. Dengan demikian, semakin baik kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah dan komitmen guru maka mutu kinerja mengajar guru akan semakin baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 710, "width": 41, "height": 10, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 729, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan penelitian tentang pengaruh kepemimpinan instruksionalkepala sekolah dan komitmen guru terhadap mutu kinerja mengajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 226, "height": 48, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "guru SMP Negeri di Kota Sukabumi, maka dapat dikemukakan beberapa rekomendasi sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 116, "width": 228, "height": 655, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pada variabel kepemimpinan instruksional kepala sekolah, dimensi penilaian hasil belajar merupakan dimensi yang memperoleh skor terendah. Untuk itu, dimensi penilaian hasil belajar perlu mendapat perhatian khusus dari kepala sekolah dengan upaya antara lain: (1) kepala sekolah sebagai pemimpin instruksional seyogyanya memiliki pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang terkait dengan penilaian hasil belajar siswa, (2) membekali guru pengetahuan dan kecakapan tentang penilaian hasil belajar mulai dari konsep pemilihan teknik dan bentuk penilaian, penyusunan instrumen, penentuan metode penskoran, sampai penyusunan laporan hasil belajar siswa, (3) melihat secara langsung kegiatan guru dalam melaksanakan penilaian dan evaluasi hasil belajar siswa (observasi kelas), (4) mengenalkan informasi baru terkait penilaian hasil belajar melalui sosialisasi dan rapat-rapat pembinaan guru, dan (5) memfasilitasi guru dalam kegiatan MGMP, diklat, seminar, dan workshop mengenai penilaian hasil belajar. 2. Pada variabel komitmen guru, dimensi komitmen terhadap siswa merupakan dimensi yang memperoleh skor terendah. Komitmen guru terhadap siswa perlu terus dipelihara dan ditingkatkan melalui penguatan komitmen dengan cara antara lain: (1) guru menjalin kebersamaan dengan siswa dalam hubungan yang akrab, saling menghargai, dan saling percaya. Kedekatan hubungan ini dapat menimbulkan keterikatan antara guru dengan siswa, (2) guru perlu mengenal dan memahami karakter siswa, sehingga akan memunculkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 59, "width": 212, "height": 313, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kepedulian guru terhadap siswa yang dibimbing, (3) guru senantiasa menyediakan kesempatan bagi siswa untuk mengkonsultasikan kesulitan, keluhan, dan harapan mereka, baik ketika berada di kelas maupun diluar kelas. Keterlibatan guru dengan kondisi yang dihadapi siswa dapat menumbuhkan keinginan guru untuk membantu mengatasi persoalan mereka, (4) kepala sekolah turut membangun komitmen guru terhadap siswa diantaranya menjalin hubungan baik, bekerjasama dan bermusyawarah dengan guru dalam menyelesaikan berbagai masalah yang berhubungan dengan siswa, (5) kepala sekolah menerapkan sistem reward dan punishment sehubungan dengan loyalitas dan tanggung jawab guru terhadap siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 381, "width": 228, "height": 390, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pada variabel mutu kinerja mengajar guru, dimensi reliabilitas ( reliability ) merupakan dimensi yang memperoleh skor terendah. Reliabilitas atau keandalan guru dalam mengajar perlu dipertahankan dan ditingkatkan dengan upaya antara lain: (1) guru senantiasa meningkatkan kualitas, profesionalisme, dan kompetensi pada bidang yang diajarkan sehingga dapat menyajikan pembelajaran yang akurat dan terpercaya, (2) guru selalu tepat waktu dalam memulai dan mengakhiri pelajaran, sesuai dengan jadwal yang telah disepakati, serta menggunakan waktu secara efisien, (3) guru yang berprestasi harus diberi pengakuan dan penghargaan agar motivasi dan semangat kerjanya meningkat, (4) guru perlu memahami bahwa kinerjanya adalah melayani siswa dalam proses pembelajaran. Pelayanan yang diberikan hendaknya bermutu sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dan harapan siswa, (5) kepala sekolah, guru, dan pegawai sekolah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 38, "width": 246, "height": 9, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Vol.XXIII No.2 Tahun 2016", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 797, "width": 10, "height": 9, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 211, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "lainnya wajib mendapatkan pendidikan tentang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 78, "width": 212, "height": 48, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Service Quality (mutu layanan), khususnya untuk peningkatan kualitas layanan dalam proses pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 135, "width": 226, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kepada para peneliti selanjutnya disarankan:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 212, "height": 143, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1) untuk mengadakan penelitian terkait masalah mutu kinerja mengajar guru dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, sehingga akan dapat digali lebih mendalam hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan variabel tersebut, (2) untuk melakukan penelitian yang serupa (kuantitatif) ditinjau dari faktor-faktor lain selain variabel yang dikaji pada penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 305, "width": 226, "height": 29, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Kepada para pembuat kebijakan pendidikan di pemerintahan untuk mewujudkan misi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 330, "top": 59, "width": 212, "height": 124, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perbaikan mutu pendidikan melalui upaya meningkatkan mutu kinerja mengajar guru, diharapkan memiliki perencanaan program yang jelas dan disosialisasikan serta setiap program diharapkan ada tindak lanjutnya secara nyata, agar tujuan yang direncanakan dapat tercapai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 192, "width": 226, "height": 105, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Untuk mendapatkan hasil penelitian yang objektif, maka penelitian harus menekankan aspek kejujuran. Diharapkan dari sisi peneliti maupun responden dapat memberikan informasi atau data yang sesuai dengan keadaan yang sebenarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 356, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 388, "width": 226, "height": 73, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Armstrong, M. (2003). Managing people: A practical guide for line managers, atau mengelola karyawan: buku wajib bagi manajer lini. Terjemahan Ramelan dan Dwi Prabaningtyas. Cetakan ke-1. Jakarta: Gramedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 476, "width": 226, "height": 36, "page_number": 20, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Crosswell, L. (2006). 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88576ab1-a7e6-1904-10df-43fb1ece028a

https://jurnal.umt.ac.id/index.php/ceria/article/download/10299/4878

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Raya Cigugur, Kuningan, Kec. Kuningan, Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 127, "top": 351, "width": 266, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "e-mail: 1 [email protected] , 2 [email protected] ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 367, "width": 288, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3 [email protected], 4 [email protected],", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 382, "width": 263, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "5 [email protected] , 6 [email protected] ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 398, "width": 256, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "7 [email protected] , 8 [email protected] ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 184, "top": 414, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "9 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 439, "width": 43, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 455, "width": 349, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan pengetahuan dengan menyelidiki penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif melalui kegiatan wawancara dan observasi. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak dua subjek, subjek pertama satu guru dan subjek kedua satu kelas murid dengan jenis ABK tunagrahita ringan dari SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anak tunagrahita ringan meskipun memiliki IQ di bawah rata- rata anak normal, tetap memiliki potensi yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pendidikan yang disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan khusus mereka. Penerapan metode visuomotor , terutama dalam melatih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 89, "width": 349, "height": 120, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "motorik halus, efektif dalam memfasilitasi, di mana pendekatan pembelajaran ini meminimalkan tekanan dengan tidak membatasi pembelajaran pada tingkat kelas tertentu. Pendekatan kolaboratif dalam metode pembelajaran, termasuk konvensional, diskusi, tanya jawab, refleksi, dan eksperimen, memberikan kontribusi positif. Kesimpulannya, penelitian ini memperkaya pemahaman tentang potensi anak tunagrahita ringan dan menyoroti keberhasilan penerapan metode visuomotor dalam konteks pendidikan inklusif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 229, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kata kunci: Metode Visuomotor ; Tunagrahita Ringan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 233, "top": 261, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pengantar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 280, "width": 349, "height": 362, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak sebagai anugerah dari Tuhan sehingga perlu dijaga, dan dididik agar bisa menjadi manusia yang berguna dimasa depan. Setiap anak memiliki kesempatan dan hak untuk tumbuh dan berkembang sesuai dengan potensi anak terutama dibidang pendidikan (Affrida & Bilad, 2023). Meskipun demikian, masih ada sejumlah anak yang mengalami defisit fungsi intelektual mereka, yang pada gilirannya mempengaruhi keterbatasan dalam perilaku adaptif. Proses tumbuh kembang anak dapat menentukan kualitas anak, anak tunagrahita juga dikatakan anak yang mengalami disabilitas mental sehingga kemampuannya berasa pada tingkat dasar tentunya mereka akan menglami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan tugas akademik (Syarfaini et al., 2022). Seorang anak dikatakan menyandang tunagrahita apabila perkembangan dan pertumbuhan mentalnya terbelakang dibandingkan dengan anak normal sebayanya, sehingga memerlukan pendidikan khusus, latihan khusus, bimbingan khusus supaya mentalnya dapat berkembang seoptimal mungkin (Fauziyah &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 292, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Nugraheni, 2021). Dalam konteks pendidikan, kondisi ini sering disebut sebagai tunagrahita, mengacu pada anak-anak dengan hambatan perkembangan intelektual, khususnya dalam aspek kemampuan bahasa yang mengalami keterlambatan. Menurut Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia No. 146 Tahun 2014 tentang Kurikulum 2013 pendidikan anak usia dini dengan rentang usia sejak lahir sampai 6 tahun adalah kesiapan mengenal aksara dengan baik dan benar. Diperkuat dengan Undang- Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2003, pendidikan diselenggarakan untuk mengembangkan budaya membaca, menulis dan berhitung bagi seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Membaca merupakan proses yang kompleks yang dapat dicapai oleh manusia (Fitriani et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 349, "height": 222, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Meskipun demikian, tidak semua anak memiliki kemampuan untuk mengembangkan keterampilan akademik dasar, terutama bagi anak-anak dengan kebutuhan khusus, mencapai penguasaan tersebut bisa menjadi lebih sulit. Salah satu tantangan psikologis yang berkaitan dengan penguasaan keterampilan akademik dasar adalah kondisi yang dikenal sebagai tunagrahita. Tunagrahita adalah hambatan intelektual dengan tingkat intelegensi atau Intelligence Quotient (IQ) dibawah rata-rata. Berdasarkan tingkatannya, tunagrahita dibagi menjadi 4 kategori, yaitu: tunagrahita ringan (IQ 51- 70), tunagrahita sedang (IQ 36-51), tunagrahita berat (IQ 20-35),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 631, "width": 301, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "tunagrahita sangat berat (IQ dibawah 20) (Sanusi et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 526, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pendidikan khusus atau pendidikan luar biasa merupakan proses pendidikan yang dirancang khusus bagi peserta didik yang memiliki keterbatasan fisik, mental, bakat dan kecerdasan istimewa (Sanusi et al., 2020). Pendidikan anak tunagrahita ringan merupakan bagian penting untuk memastikan bahwa setiap individu memiliki kesempatan yang sama untuk belajar dan berkembang. Guna meningkatkan proses pembelajaran perlu adanya strategi khusus untuk mendukung pencapaian peserta didik. Sehubungan dengan kondisi tersebut, perlu dilakukannya usaha perbaikan dalam proses pembelajaran, salah satunya dengan menggunakan dan mengoptimalkan media serta metode pembelajaran yang dapat menurunkan kejenuhan, menarik dan menyenangkan bagi peserta didik (Sutjiato & Tucunan, 2015). Anak tunagrahita yang mengalami keterbatasan dalam aspek motorik halus diantaranya kesulitan untuk melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari, misalnya kesulitan dalam meraih ataupun mengambil suatu benda, memegang benda mulai dari benda berukuran besar hingga terkecil (Suriadi, 2023). Anak tunagrahita mengalami kesulitan untuk mengenal huruf-huruf abjad, padahal sebagaimana yang diketahui bahwa salah satu dasar pemerolehan informasi adalah dengan membaca. Jika anak tidak dapat mengenali huruf dengan baik maka besar kemungkinan anak tersebut tidak dapat membaca dan dapat membuat pemerolehan informasinya pun kurang (Fauziyah & Nugraheni, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 631, "width": 320, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Proses pembelajaran pada peserta didik dengan tunagrahita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 351, "height": 151, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "sedang dan berat difokuskan pada mampu latih, artinya anak dilatih pada peningkatan kemandirian agar tidak bergantung pada orang lain (Suriadi, 2023). Sebagaimana anak-anak lain, anak penderita tunagrahita memiliki hak-hak yang sama seperti anak normal dan juga kebutuhan-kebutuhan tertentu yang hendaknya dipenuhi agar mereka tumbuh menjadi manusia total yang terintegrasi (Fauziyah & Nugraheni, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 351, "height": 175, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Metode pembelajaran visuomotor adalah gabungan dari persepsi visual dan gerak motorik yang dilakukan oleh anak dalam belajar mengenal huruf dengan cara menuliskan huruf tersebut baik menggunakan alat tulis atau menggunakan seluruh anggota badannya. Dengan metode ini anak akan mendapat gambaran visual mengenai huruf yang dipelajarinya dan merasakan bentuk huruf bukan hanya dari gerakan tangan melainkan juga dengan anggota badannya (Fitriani et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 444, "width": 348, "height": 198, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu contohnya pada saat pengenalan huruf A, tahap awal yang dilaksanakan guru adalah menulis huruf A pada papan tulis tujuannya agar anak bisa melihat dan memahami bentuk huruf yang dimaksud. Tahap kedua, anak diajak untuk mengulangi ejaan dari huruf, tujuannya agar anak mengenal dan melafalkannya. Tahap ketiga, guru membimbing untuk membuat huruf A kembali dengan tanda panah, tujuannya agar anak dapat mengikuti dengan mudah. Tahap keempat, anak mulai meniru tulisan huruf A mengikuti arah dan urutan panah yang telah dibuat oleh guru menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 198, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "tangannya. Tahap kelima, anak menirukan gerakan membantuk huruf A dengan mata tertutup, tujuannnya untuk melatih daya ingat anak. Tahap keenam, anak dapat menggunakan alat tulis seperti spidol untuk praktik menulis huruf A. Tahap ketujuh, anak mulai mengikuti gambar guru yang ada di lantai membentuk huruf A, tujuannya agar anggota tubuh lain ikut bergerak. Tahap kedelapan, anak berjalan dengan mata tertutup membentuk huruf A, tujuannya supaya anak lebih memahami dan mengingat kembali bagaimana cara membentuk huruf A (Affrida & Bilad, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 349, "height": 199, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisi kesenjangan pengetahuan dengan menyelidiki penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Dengan menggali potensi pada metode ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perkembangan kognitif dan motorik halus anak tunagrahita ringan. Selain itu, penelitian ini diharapkan mampu memberikan pandangan baru terkait metode pembelajaran yang lebih inklusif dan berorientasi pada perkembangan individu bagi anak tunagrahita ringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 538, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 561, "width": 348, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif melalui kegiatan wawancara dan observasi untuk menggali pemahaman yang mendalam tentang penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 67, "width": 51, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "“Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 385, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jalaksana Kuningan. Pendekatan kualitatif dipilih karena memberikan ruang bagi peneliti untuk menjelajahi konteks dan pengalaman subjek penelitian secara lebih mendalam. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak- anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Terdapat 2 subjek dalam penelitian ini, subjek pertama adalah 1 guru di SLB B-C Dharma wanita dan subjek kedua adalah 1 kelas murid dengan penyandang tunagrahita ringan. Pemilihan subjek dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan kriteria inklusi berdasarkan tingkat keparahan tunagrahita ringan dan partisipasi aktif dalam kegiatan pembelajaran metode visuomotor . Kriteria anak tunagrahita ringan yang ada di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan adalah klasifikasi ringan dengan rentang IQ 55-70 dan mengalami perkembangan fisik yang agak lambat dibandingkan dengan anak seusianya. Mereka juga mengalami kesulitan untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas akademik di sekolah. Namun mereka juga dapat melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari sehingga mereka dapat hidup mandiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 582, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Gambar 1. Kegiatan observasi ke kelas", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 601, "width": 349, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Metode penelitian ini dirancang untuk memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "tunagrahita ringan. Tahapan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini dengan pembelajaran anak tunagrahita dalam mengenal abjad melalui metode visuomotor yang mana dalam prosesnya anak diberikan media gambar oleh guru dengan memperlihatkan bentuk abjad yang akan ditirukan oleh anak agar mampu mengenal huruf abjad secara dasarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 201, "top": 249, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 349, "height": 245, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara yang dilakukan kepada 2 subjek penelitian, yakni 1 guru dan 1 kelas murid penyandang tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan terhadap penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan wawancara kepada guru kelas terlihat adanya peningkatan pengetahuan siswa yang awalnya belum mengenal huruf tetapi dengan metode visuomotor siswa tersebut menjadi mengetahui beberapa huruf dan bisa menuangkannya kedalam tulisan. Selain itu siswa juga mampu melakukan kegiatan sehari-hari dan mampu merespon perintah dari guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil ini sama dengan penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh (Herliza & Mawardah, 2023) bahwa dengan adanya penggunaan media penyusunan abjad ( visuomotor ) akan melatih kemampuan anak dalam mengenal huruf agar anak penyandang tunagrahita dapat membaca huruf dan mengurutkan kalimat dengan urutan perkata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 426, "top": 661, "width": 8, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 245, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "dengan tepat. Misalnya anak akan disediakan gambar lalu diminta menyebutkan nama dari gambar tersebut, kemudian anak akan mulai mencoba menyusun huruf abjad yang disediakan sehingga menjadi huruf abjad yang berurutan sesuai dengan kalimat yang benar dan menyesuaikan dengan apa yang ada di gambar tersebut. Pemerintah telah menjamin hak setiap warga untuk mendapatkan pendidikan sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam undang-undang sistem pendidikan No. 20 Tahun 2003 pasal 31, setiap warga negara berhak mendapat pendidikan dan pengajaran termasuk anak-anak yang berkebutuhan khusus, sesuai dengan karakteristiknya masing-masing (Ayu, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 350, "width": 349, "height": 292, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tunagrahita merupakan seorang dengan hambatan akdemik yang menonjol. Anak dengan tunagrahita mempunyai kecerdasan dibawah rata-rata yaitu IQ dibawah 70. Tunagrahhita ringan mengalami gangguan atau hambatan dalam perkembangan daya pikir serta kepribadia dan mempunyai intelektual dibawah rata-rata, namun masih mempunyai potensi yang dapat dikembangkan. Sehingga mereka berhak mendapatkan pendidikan untuk mengembangkan akademik dan tumbuh kembangnya sesuai dengan kebutuhannya. Mereka juga dapat memiliki keterampilan yang dapat dijadikan bekal hidup untuk masa depan (Zuraidah, 2022). Kemampuan intelektual anak tunagrahita berada dibawah rata-rata, kemampuan berpikirnya rendah, perhatian, dan daya ingatnya lemah, sukar berpikir abstrak, serta tidak mampu berpikir yang logis. Mereka masih mempunyai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 151, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "kemungkinan untuk memperoleh pendidikan dalam bidang membaca, menulis, dan berhitung sederhana. Perbendaharaan katanya terbatas, perhatian, dan ingatan anak tunagrahita ringan lemah, tidak dapat memperhatikan sesuatu hal dengan serius dan lama. Sebentar saja perhatian anak tunagrahita ringan akan teralihkan pada hal lain, apalagi dalam hal memperhatikan pelajaran, anak tunagrahita cenderung cepat merasa bosan (Faisah et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 349, "height": 385, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa anak tunagrahita ringan memiliki potensi yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pendidikan dan pelatihan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan khusus mereka. Meski memiliki IQ di bawah rata-rata anak normal, anak-anak ini tetap mampu dididik, bahkan dapat bersaing di berbagai lomba, termasuk di bidang olahraga. Penerapan metode visuomotor menjadi kunci dalam memfasilitasi pembelajaran anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan. Pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan karakteristik mental anak tunagrahita ringan. Mereka tidak dibatasi oleh tingkat kelas tertentu, melainkan pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan kemampuan otak mereka. Misalnya, anak yang berada di kelas 2 SD dapat menerima pembelajaran pada tingkat yang lebih rendah, bahkan setara dengan materi kelas 1 SD atau bahkan PAUD. Hal ini menjadi strategi efektif untuk memaksimalkan potensi mereka tanpa memberikan tekanan yang berlebihan. Fokus utama dalam pembelajaran adalah melatih motorik halus anak tunagrahita ringan. Guru-guru di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "memberikan perhatian khusus pada teknik seperti cara memegang pensil dan cara menulis. Guru mengajarkan anak-anak tersebut untuk tidak hanya menulis, tetapi lebih pada proses dengan salah satu metode untuk melatih motorik halus melalui kegiatan menebalkan huruf atau angka menggunakan garis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 210, "width": 349, "height": 432, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pembelajaran v isuomotor adalah perpaduan antara visual dengan gerak motorik saat melakukan pengenalan tentang huruf dan juga cara menulisnya, baik dengan anggota tubuhnya serta melalui penggunaan alat tulis (Affrida & Bilad, 2023). Penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan dilakukan dengan cara guru menulis huruf dipapan tulis dan menyebutkan nama serta bunyinya. Kemudian anak akan diminta untuk mengulangi nama serta suara dari huruf tersebut. Selanjutnya guru menggambar huruf dan membuat gambar panah sebagai cara untuk membuat huruf tersebut. Setelah melihatnya anak diminta untuk menggambar huruf menggunakan tangannya dengan menirukan arah panah yang telah digambar oleh guru. Tahap selanjutnya, anak diminta untuk menutup mata dan menuliskannya lagi menggunakan gerakan jari. Setelah anak menulis dengan ingatan melalui mata dan gerakan jarinya, anak diminta untuk menuliskannya dibuku menggunakan spidol. Tahap selanjutnya guru menggambar huruf dilantai kemudian anak diminta untuk mengikuti alur panah dengan melangkahkan kakinya. Kemudian guru memberikan instruksi kepada anak untuk menutup mata dan membuat huruf", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "kembali menggunakan langkah kaki seperti sebelumnya dan dibimbing oleh guru (Fitriani et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 245, "width": 327, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Gambar 2. Kegiatan Pembelajaran Pengenalan Peta Dunia dan Kegiatan Agama Kisah Nabi di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 234, "top": 276, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kuningan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kemampuan mengidentifikasi huruf merupakan keterampilan yang mudah. Namun, penting bagi anak-anak untuk menguasai keterampilan ini karena kemampuan mengenali huruf merupakan elemen dasar pengembangan keterampilan membaca (Anggita et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 423, "width": 351, "height": 198, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Mengenal huruf abjad merupakan muatan pokok pembelajaran membaca tahap awal, yang dimulai dengan pengenalan mengucapkan, menunjuk dan membedakan huruf, mengeja, membaca kata hingga membaca kalimat yang dapat dikenali dan dipelajari oleh anak. Untuk meningkatkan kemampuan mengenali huruf abjad pada anak tunagrahita yaitu menggunakan media tiga dimensi, media dari objek nyata yang hidup atau mati untuk menyampaikan isi pembelajaran yang bisa membangkitkan pemahaman, perasaan, perhatian, dan minat. Media disesuaikan dengan keutuhan anak berupa kotak yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "didalamnya terdapat lingkaran huruf abjad yang dapat ditempelkan diatas kotak (Laila & Damri, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 140, "width": 349, "height": 455, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak tunagrahita ringan tetap dapat dididik dan dilatih dengan baik. Mereka tidak hanya mampu mengikuti pelajaran, namun juga dapat bersosialisasi dan disalurkan untuk bekerja, menunjukkan bahwa potensi mereka tidak hanya terbatas pada lingkungan pendidikan, tetapi juga dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan masyarakat. Ketika anak tunagrahita ringan mencapai usia SMA, misalnya Nina dan Fajril, mereka masih mampu belajar membaca undang-undang. Meskipun memerlukan waktu lebih lama dibandingkan orang pada umumnya, anak tunagrahita ringan dapat diberikan pelajaran sesuai dengan kemampuan mereka. Kemampuan mereka tidak secepat anak pada umumnya karena usia mental yang lebih rendah dari usia sebenarnya, namun mereka masih memiliki keunikan seperti terkadang membaca huruf terbalik atau menambahkan imbuhannya sendiri. Dalam aspek komunikasi, anak tunagrahita ringan seperti Nina dan Fajril masih dapat diajak berbicara secara normal. Namun, perlu dilakukan dengan penuh kesabaran dan pertanyaan harus secara perlahan dan sesederhana mungkin. Hal ini disesuaikan dengan daya serap dan daya tangkap mereka yang mungkin kurang responsif terhadap pertanyaan yang terlalu berat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Melatih anak tunagrahita ringan di kelas rendah lebih fokus pada perkembangan sosialisasi dan motorik halus. Guru memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 128, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "contoh-contoh konkret, seperti cara membuang sampah pada tempatnya, menerima dengan tangan kanan, dan keterampilan dasar lainnya. Latihan ini dilakukan secara terus menerus setiap pertemuan untuk membentuk kebiasaan kemandirian anak. Kelas 3 di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan lebih menitikberatkan pada pengembangan diri sehari-hari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 354, "width": 334, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Gambar 3. Kegiatan Pembelajaran Mewarnai dan Materi Pembiasaan Sehari-Hari di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 399, "width": 349, "height": 222, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak diajak untuk mandiri dalam kegiatan sehari-hari seperti mandi, menggosok gigi, dan lainnya. Selain pembiasaan tersebut mereka juga melakukan pembiasaan seperti menulis yang bertujuan untuk melatih aspek perkembangan motorik halusnya. Dalam kegiatan pembiasaan ini tentu pada tahapan awal anak perlu didampingi oleh orang tua dan guru. Kegiatan pembiasaan yang dilakukan secara rutin dapat memberikan dampak positif terhadap anak. Sehingga, lambat laun mereka akan mampu melakukan pembiasaan tersebut tanpa harus didampingi. Proses pembiasaan untuk hal-hal sederhana bagi anak normal dapat menjadi serangkaian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 502, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "langkah yang rumit bagi anak tunagrahita ringan. Misal mengajarkan cara menggosok gigi memerlukan penjelasan yang sangat detail, termasuk langkah-langkah yang mungkin dianggap sepele oleh anak normal. Setiap hari Kamis menjadi momen khusus dengan pembelajaran fokus pada pengembangan diri. Metode pembelajaran diubah sedikit dari kurikulum umum untuk disesuaikan dengan kemampuan anak-anak tersebut. Pendekatan yang digunakan bersifat kolaboratif, menggabungkan metode konvensional, diskusi, tanya jawab, pemaknaan, dan eksperimen sederhana. Hasil penelitian ini didasarkan pada wawancara dengan guru yang memberikan wawasan mendalam tentang upaya dalam membimbing dan membantu perkembangan anak tunagrahita ringan. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa pendekatan yang sesuai dan terfokus pada potensi individu anak dapat membawa dampak positif bagi perkembangan mereka. Peningkatan yang dialami dalam penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan yang sebelumnya tidak mengetahui beberapa jenis huruf abjad menjadi sedikit tahu akan perbedaan beberapa huruf abjad. Metode ini juga memberikan manfaat akan terlatihnya motorik kasar dan halus pada anak tunagrahita dalam proses meniru huruf abjad melalui media yang disediakan guru, dengan metode ini juga kemampuan kognitif anak lebih terlatih dalam membuat bentuk huruf abjad yang diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 608, "width": 348, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anak tunagrahita memerlukan rancangan yang khusus agar kemampuan keterampilan motoriknya mengalami pertumbuhan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 349, "height": 221, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "perkembangan yang optimal. Salah satu pembelajaran yang menarik adalah dengan bermain. Pembelajaran keterampilan motorik kasar anak tunagrahita ringan kelas bawah menggunakan media audiovisual terdiri dari 7 model permainan, yaitu: melompati bentuk, bola panas bola dingin, bola guling kain, menginjak ekor harimau, bola kangguru, dan senam gerak dan lagu. Media audiovisual dalam pembelajaran keterampilan motorik kasar anak tunagrahita ringan diatas baik dan efektif sehingga layak untuk digunakan dan diterapkan dalam pembelajaran untuk anak tunagrahita ringan (Louk & Sukoco, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 349, "height": 175, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut terdapat keterkaitan antara keterlibatan sistem visual dan motorik mental untuk mempercepat pengenalan secara visual bahkan pada penanaman objek-objek. Gambaran visual dari huruf berkaitan dengan fungsi motorik Ketika anak melakukan gerakan menulis. Selain itu, gerakan motorik juga dapat meningkatkan daya tangkap terhadap huruf karena anak mendapat pengalaman menggerakan tangannya ketika membuat bentuk-bentuk huruf (Fauziyah & Nugraheni, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 514, "width": 349, "height": 128, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan dengan menganalisis anak yang belajar menggunakan metode visuomotor ini bisa mengenal bentuk abjad, mempermudah anak untuk mengingat bentuk abjad dasarnya, seperti cara membuat bentuk abjad huruf-huruf dasar. Melalui metode ini juga tidak hanya melatih motorik anak tetapi mempermudah anak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 420, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 58, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "meniru beberapa huruf abajd menggunakan berbagai media menarik pada pembelajaran dalam mengenalkan huruf abjad terhadap anak tunagrahita ringan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 159, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 349, "height": 338, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan di SLB B-C Dharma Wanita Jalaksana Kuningan memberikan dampak positif terhadap perkembangan mereka. Meskipun memiliki IQ di bawah rata-rata anak normal, anak-anak ini masih menunjukkan potensi yang dapat dikembangkan melalui pendidikan sesuai dengan kebutuhan khusus mereka. Pembelajaran yang disesuaikan dengan karakteristik mental anak tunagrahita ringan tidak terbatas pada tingkat kelas tetapi berfokus pada kebutuhan mereka, sehingga dapat meminimalkan tekanan. Fokus utama penelitian melatih motorik halus dengan metode visuomotor , seperti penggunaan pensil dan proses menulis, terbukti efektif meningkatkan keterampilan anak. Anak tunagrahita ringan juga dapat bersosialisasi dan bekerja, menunjukkan potensi mereka di luar lingkungan pendidikan meskipun memerlukan waktu lebih lama dari anak normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 349, "height": 104, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kesabaran dan penyesuaian dalam berkomunikasi menjadi kunci bahwa pendekatan yang lembut dan sesuai sangat diperlukan. Metode pembelajaran yang bervariasi dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan dapat menghasilkan pembelajaran yang efektif bagi anak tunagrahita ringan. Penerapan metode visuomotor pada anak tunagrahita ringan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 59, "width": 194, "height": 20, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini “Ceria”", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 93, "width": 348, "height": 58, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "memberikan dampak positif dan membuka peluang untuk mendukung pembelajaran anak-anak dengan kebutuhan khusus lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 159, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Daftar Acuan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 175, "width": 348, "height": 42, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Affrida, E. N., & Bilad, A. U. (2023). Pengenalan Huruf Abjad Pada Anak Usia Dini Dengan Gangguan Tunagrahita Ringan Melalui Pembelajaran Visuomotor. Jurnal Raudhah , 11 (1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 222, "width": 348, "height": 73, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Anggita, R., Sormin, D., Lubis, J. N., & Nopriani Lubis, J. (2023). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Anak dalam Mengenal Huruf melalui Media Pohon Pintar. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini , 7 (5), 5919 – 5930. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.5384", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 348, "height": 26, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ayu, R. (2017). Efektivitas Media Huruf Bergambar Terhadap Kemampuan Menulis Permulaan Bagi Siswa Tunagrahita Ringan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 331, "width": 325, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Briliant: Jurnal Riset Dan Konseptual , 2 (4), 448.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 109, "top": 346, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "https://doi.org/10.28926/briliant.v2i4.110", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 362, "width": 348, "height": 11, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Faisah, S. N., Siregar, M. A., Firanda, Nandita, I., Mujahadah, Auliyah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 378, "width": 325, "height": 104, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "A., Musdalifa, & Samsuddin, A. fFtrah. (2023). 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20806d24-1fae-f05c-c114-3e0e367e86db

https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss/article/download/5390/3171

[ { "left": 41, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 39, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 408, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 165 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 54, "top": 90, "width": 491, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE IMAGE OF TOURISM DESTINATIONS OF SAUNG ANGKLUNG UDJO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 105, "width": 450, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(PHENOMOLOGY STUDIES ON TRAVELERS USING INSTAGRAM ACCOUNTS)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 137, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diani Mustika Prianti a*)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 165, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a) IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 188, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*) Corresponding Author: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 41, "top": 214, "width": 277, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article history: received 02 June 2022; revised 16 June 2022; accepted 24 June 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 409, "top": 214, "width": 148, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v6i2.5390", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 244, "width": 488, "height": 81, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract. The purpose of this study was to analyze the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination and the use of social media Instagram as a reference medium in traveling. Researchers used qualitative methods with a phenomenological approach. The research paradigm used is interpretive, where researchers can see the phenomena that occur and explore personal experiences from the object under study. The results showed that Saung Angklung Udjo is a place to preserve Sundanese culture which is suitable as a cultural tourism destination as well as education. The image of the destination that needs to be paid attention to by the manager of Saung Angklung Udjo, is the potential for culinary tourism, facilities and infrastructure as well as the cleanliness of the tourist attraction area. Tourists use Instagram as a reference medium for sources of information, instructions or guidance and judgments to make decisions. Tourists also use the hashtag, location tag, caption and story features.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 55, "top": 339, "width": 320, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : the image of tourist destinations; Instagram; Saung Angklung Udjo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 375, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 393, "width": 248, "height": 227, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Currently, Indonesian tourism has been recognized as a leading sector that has quite broad dimensions, not only economically but also socio-politically, culturally, regionally and environmentally. In this case, Indonesian tourism can play a role in increasing the country's foreign exchange and regional original income (PAD), regional development as well as absorption of investment and labor as well as business development spread across various parts of the region in Indonesia (Irhamna [1] ; Febriana & Pangestuti [2] ; Shantika & Mahagangga [3] ). On the other hand, the multiplier effect on tourism is also considered to be able and able to slow down economic growth and job creation, because tourism has various kinds of businesses, as stated in Law Number 10 Year 2009 Article 14 Paragraph (1) concerning Tourism [4] , namely tourist attractions, tourism areas, tourist transportation services, travel services, food and beverage services, accommodation provision, entertainment and recreational activities, meeting, incentive travel, conferences and exhibitions, tourism information services, tourism consulting services, tour guide services , water and spa tours.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 623, "width": 248, "height": 135, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In 2019, Indonesian tourism has contributed to the National Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of 4.90 percent, with a total foreign exchange of US$ 239.24 billion and absorbed 14.96 million workers in the tourism sector. Then, the number of foreign tourist visits was 16.10 million visits and 312.50 million domestic tourist trips. On the other hand, the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) ranking indicators are very important to measure tourism competitiveness against tourism in other countries in the world. Based on the World Economic Forum (WEF) assessment, Indonesia's position has increased from #42 in the world in 2017 to #40 in the world [5] (2019 Ministry of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 375, "width": 248, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tourism Performance Accountability Report). Data on the increase in the contribution of tourism can be seen in Table 1, where tourism is one of the strategic sectors because it consistently experiences growth every year.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 433, "width": 248, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Achievements Of The National Tourism Sector 2015-2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 467, "width": 243, "height": 103, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indicator 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Contribution to National GDP (%) 4,25 4,13 4,11 5,25 4,90 Foreign Exchange (Trillion IDR) 163,0 176,0 202,13 229,5 239,24 Labor (Million People) 10,36 12,28 12,60 12,70 14,96 Competitiveness Index #50 n.a* #42 n.a #40 International Tourists (Million People) 10,23 11,52 14,04 15,81 16,10 Archipelago Tourists (Million Trips) 256,42 264,33 270,82 302,40 312,50", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 573, "width": 115, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Ministry of Tourism [5]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 595, "width": 248, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "West Java is one of the provinces on the island of Java which is often visited by tourists, both foreign and domestic. The majority of the population of West Java, are Sundanese and speak Sundanese. Furthermore, the city of Bandung is located in the West Java region and is the capital of the province of West Java. The city of Bandung is located at an altitude of 791 meters above sea level with an area of about 167.70 km2. The geographical location of Bandung City, which is close to DKI Jakarta, makes Bandung City a metropolitan city with strategic potential for tourism development. Bandung city itself is known to have various kinds of tourist objects and attractions, such as nature tourism, museum tours, agro tourism, educational tours, monument tours, historical tours to shopping and culinary tours. The city", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 407, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 166 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 40, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of Bandung, known as Paris Van Java, is also supported by various facilities and infrastructure to increase tourist satisfaction, such as travel agents (travel agents), souvenir shops, transportation companies, health and security services as well as telecommunications systems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 157, "width": 248, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Number Of Tourist Visits To Bandung City In 2015", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 167, "width": 239, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "– 2020 Year Foreign Tourist Archipelago Tourist Total 2015 183.932 5.877.162 6.061.094 2016 186.948 6.712.574 6.899.522 2017 189.902 6.770.610 6.960.512 2018 227.560 7.357.785 7.585.345 2019 350.021 7.402.135 7.752.156 2020 3.021 3.229.090 3.232.111 Source: Bandung City Culture and Tourism Office [6]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 40, "top": 285, "width": 247, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Note: The year 2020 decreased drastically due to the COVID-19 pandemic that hit Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 315, "width": 248, "height": 217, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo (SAU) is one of the cultural tourism destinations in the city of Bandung. Saung Angklung Udjo was founded in 1966 by Udjo Ngalagena or also known as Mang Udjo. At first, Saung Angklung Udjo was an Angklung studio to develop children's musical talents and preserve Sundanese culture by combining education, art and nature. Then, along with the increasing number of tourists who are interested in Angklung and Sundanese traditional art performances, Saung Angklung Udjo has developed into a tourism business that also offers educational tours with a bamboo craft center and workshops for making Angklung musical instruments. Currently, Saung Angklung Udjo has become a Sundanese cultural area, especially bamboo culture, with a world reputation and has become one of the main tourist destinations for foreign tourists who come to the city of Bandung (Susanti [7] ). The typical performance of Saung Angklung Udjo, is the Evening Bamboo which was developed from a Kaulinan Urang Overtime concept and created by Udjo Ngalagena.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 534, "width": 248, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The development of traditional artistic creativity in Saung Angklung Udjo to date has involved four to five generations of society through empowerment activities, such as decision making, implementation of tourism activities on a local, national and international scale, utilization of development results to evaluation which will determine the sustainability of tourism development in Indonesia. Saung Angklung Udjo (Mustofa & Gunawijaya [8] ). Various activities at Saung Angklung Udjo then also move the economy, such as driving bamboo farmer activities, trading activities, tourism industry activities and various other economic activities. Even socio-culturally, the existence of Saung Angklung Udjo has become the center of community activities.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 695, "width": 248, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The youth age group is currently filled with most of those born between 1997 and 2012 or popularly better known as Generation Z. This generation can be said to be the most technology and internet literate because they grew up in an all-digital environment. Furthermore, Generation Z uses social media as a destination for information, recreation and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "entertainment (Nichols [9] ). One of the most used social media is Instagram. It is known, according to data from Statista [10] , the number of Instagram users in January 2022 reached 99.15 million users. The largest users are in the 18- 24 year age group, which is 36.4 percent. Furthermore, Instagram is in third place as the most used social media platform, after Youtube and Whatsapp. The phenomenon of celebrities or artists on Instagram may also have been heard by some people, and nowadays celebrities have an important role in various aspects. In this case, many Generation Z have celebgram titles to promote the tourist attractions they visit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 215, "width": 248, "height": 170, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The image of a tourist destination is a description of tourists' knowledge of a destination regarding information on geography, climate, history, culture, infrastructure, security and so on. Uploaded photos and videos can be broadcast live, so they represent tourist objects and tourist attributes in real terms. This is also in accordance with the results of research conducted by Padron-Avila [11] that visual information uploaded by tourists can create the image of a tourist destination of a place which is described through latent content in the form of crowds, cleanliness, security, infrastructure, friendliness, uniqueness and comercialization. Furthermore, information on tourist destinations shared by Generation Z through Instagram accounts can build the image of tourist destinations and serve as a reference in making choices (Icoz [12] ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 387, "width": 248, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study is to find out how the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination is and how tourists use Instagram as a reference in traveling to Saung Angklung Udjo. The implications of this information can later be used by the Bandung City Government to carry out development and development of the tourism sector that is right on target.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 371, "top": 485, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "II. RESEARCH METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 502, "width": 248, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The method used in this study is a descriptive method in order to present a complete picture of the phenomena that occur on social media. The research subjects were adolescents with an age range of 18-24 years. Furthermore, this research refers to the study of literature related to social media and the image of tourist destinations so that it can analyze how big the role of social media is in forming the image of tourist destinations in Saung Angklung Udjo among teenagers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 372, "top": 617, "width": 153, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 635, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Image of Saung Angklung Udjo Tourism Destinations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 646, "width": 248, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination was formed through four stages according to research conducted by Beerli-Palacio and Martin-Santana [13] . In the first stage, potential tourists form a picture based on the information they get; the second stage, tourists begin to strengthen information by seeking information from other sources and evaluating to decide on a visit; the third stage is the stage where tourists form and evaluate the image of the destination when making a visit and the last is the stage where the image is formed after the trip is complete.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 407, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 167 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 40, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instagram as one of the social media, makes its users communicate and give meaning to the symbols used. In this case, the symbols are photos, images, text and uploaded videos. Furthermore, the celebgram as an active informant uploads various kinds of information to potential tourists regarding Saung Angklung Udjo. Selebgram also has a habit of taking selfies of travel photos on Instagram where this illustrates that vacations are one of the necessities and lifestyles. In the process of interaction, potential tourists not only follow one Instagram account but also become followers of other accounts. Communication in the cyber era is communication based on people's interpretive meaning of the symbols that roam in it.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 249, "width": 204, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Image of Cultural Tourism Destinations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 272, "width": 248, "height": 159, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The image as one of the cultural tourism destinations in the city of Bandung has been attached to Saung Angklung Udjo since the 2000s. Angklung itself was designated as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO in 2010. Furthermore, Saung Angklung Udjo, which is located in the center of Bandung City, presents a variety of West Javanese culture, such as Wayang Golek demonstrations, Helaran Ceremonies, traditional dance arts, Angklung Orchestra and Arumba. Saung Angklung Udjo also provides a bamboo workshop or workshop, where craftsmen produce thousands of Angklung and other bamboo musical instruments for export commodities and local demand. This open space is often used as a place to carry out various activities, including corporate gatherings.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 606, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fig. 1 Evening Bamboo Show", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 617, "width": 98, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Source: Saung Angklung Udjo", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 638, "width": 248, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In general, Saung Angklung Udjo already has adequate supporting facilities and infrastructure, marked by the presence of a number of educational facilities, such as Buruan Sari Asih, Bale Karesemen, Saree, Forestry Extension Center and Angklung Production Center. Meanwhile, the public facilities at Saung Angklung Udjo can be seen from the guest house, Angklung dapoer, Goette Parc café, bamboo craft center shop, lesehan saung, public toilets, parking lots, worship facilities, music studios and libraries. Furthermore, the number of likes determines whether uploads on Instagram are liked by many Instagram users or not. This shows how a", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "post on social media can provoke a response from hundreds of users. Instagram also later became a new means of forming the image of tourist destinations because it made it possible to reach tourists globally. From the results of researcher interviews with respondents, regarding how the image of Saung Angklung Udjo from social media sources Instagram in the pre-trip phase or before the respondent travels, the answers of all respondents are identical, namely in their minds the image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination is illustrated by cultural presentations, especially performances. Evening Bamboo. The image of tourist destinations that they get from Instagram is an initial picture to determine the choice of tourist destinations to go to, while the image of the destination during the trip is a picture that determines they will visit again and recommend to other potential tourists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 272, "width": 219, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Image of Educational Tourism Destinations", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 295, "width": 248, "height": 113, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the research findings, the majority of tourists visiting Saung Angklung Udjo are domestic tourists. The student group is dominated by a group of kindergarten to high school students who usually come on weekdays or are on a study tour. In addition, several students were also seen visiting Saung Angklung Udjo several times to complete their assignments or research. The majority of these tourists later learned about the existence of Saung Angklung Udjo from several social media including Instagram and promotions of celebgrams.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 328, "top": 548, "width": 211, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fig 2. Workshop for Angklung Musical Instruments Source: Saung Angklung Udjo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 581, "width": 237, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Culinary Tourism Potential is Less Promoted", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 310, "top": 604, "width": 248, "height": 158, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In fact, Saung Angklung Udjo is not only a cultural and educational tourism. If seen, Saung Angklung Udjo has Dapoer Angklung which offers traditional Sundanese food and drinks, such as Nasi Timbel Angklung, Nasi Timbel Arumba, Nasi Bone Jambal, Karedok, Pencok Long Beans, Pencok Leunca, Es Dawegan and Es Goyobod Angklung. Based on the results of field observations, tour groups can enjoy lunch or dinner together after completing the performance activities. The relationship between food and tourism has now developed not only as a product of basic needs by tourists but has also been used as a differentiating destination by creating an impressive atmosphere. UNWTO, Second Global Report on Gastronomy Tourism [14] even explained that there are many things that attract tourists to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 38, "width": 209, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 372, "top": 38, "width": 183, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 06, Number 02, July 2022, Page 165-168", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 51, "width": 134, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://journal.unpak.ac.id/index.php/jhss", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 407, "top": 49, "width": 149, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2598-120X ; p-ISSN: 2598-117X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 282, "top": 792, "width": 31, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 168 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 40, "top": 88, "width": 248, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "visit a culinary-based cultural tourism destination. The considerations needed by tourists include the type and variety of food offered, the level of quality of food and drinks, the services provided, the price level, the level of cleanliness and other things that can increase a person's appetite and the location of the place to eat. Unfortunately, this tourism potential has not been widely depicted on Instagram. This is in line with what respondents said that they did not get an initial picture of culinary tourism at Saung Angklung Udjo. Even on Saung Angklung Udjo's Instagram account, uploads of culinary tours are very rarely displayed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 40, "top": 226, "width": 233, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saung Angklung Udjo: Tourist Destination Facilities and Infrastructure Not Maximum", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 249, "width": 250, "height": 205, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The image of tourist destinations is a reality that tourists rely on when they make decisions, because tourists tend to choose tourist destinations that are well-known or have been used by many people over destinations they did not know before. This is one of the roles of social media, especially Instagram as a promotional tool [15] . Tourist perceptions of Saung Angklung Udjo, especially the condition of the tourist facilities provided, generally get a good rating from visiting tourists. condition of trash bins, performance venues, restaurants, equipment rentals, Angklung production centers, gift shops, security, local community attitudes and management attitudes are also considered good. However, there are several tourism facilities that need to be improved again, including parking facilities that are irregular and tend to be narrow, making it difficult to come by using a large bus. The more complete the facilities and infrastructure of a tourist destination, the stronger the offer position of a tourist destination in tourism will be.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 474, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "IV. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 40, "top": 491, "width": 250, "height": 250, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social media is currently very influential on all sectors of life, including the tourism sector. It is known, almost all levels of Indonesian society have been connected to the internet. Based on data from Internet World Stats, internet users in Indonesia in 2021 will reach 212,354,070 people or 76.3 percent penetration per IWS. Furthermore, Instagram is the third most used social media application, after Youtube and Whatsapp. Tourism certainly cannot be separated from generation Z, because they are the ones who act as promotional subjects with the aim of branding on social media, especially on Instagram. Selebgram, in this case, uploads, publishes or shares appropriate photos, images, texts and videos with other Instagram users. The image of the Saung Angklung Udjo tourist destination is the image of a cultural and educational tourist destination. This is illustrated through the various activities offered by Saung Angklung Udjo, related to the Evening Bamboo Show and Angklung Production Center. Furthermore, tourists use Instagram as a reference medium to determine the choice of tourist destinations to go to, while during their trip they can determine whether they will visit again and recommend to other potential tourists.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 399, "top": 88, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 310, "top": 111, "width": 247, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Irhamna SA. Dampak pengembangan pariwisata terhadap perekonomian masyarakat sekitar objek wisata di Dieng Kabupaten Wonosobo. Economics Development Analysis Journal. 6(3): 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 157, "width": 247, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Febriana YE, Pangestuti E. Analisis dampak pengembangan kepariwisataan dalam menunjang keberlanjutan ekonomi dan sosial budaya lokal masyarakat (Studi pada Desa Wisata Gubugklakah, Kecamatan Poncokusumo, Kabupaten Malang). Jurnal", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 338, "top": 215, "width": 136, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Administrasi Bisnis. 61(4): 2018.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 310, "top": 226, "width": 247, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Shantika B, Mahagangga IGAO. Dampak perkembangan pariwisata terhadap kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat di Pulau Nusa Lembongan. Jurnal Destinasi Pariwisata. 6(1): 2018.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 272, "width": 247, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] [UU] Undang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan. 2009.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 295, "width": 247, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Kementrian Pariwisata. Laporan akuntabilitas kinerja kementrian pariwisata tahun 2019. 2020.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 318, "width": 247, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata Kota Bandung. Jumlah Wisatawan Mancanegara dan Domestik di Kota Bandung. 2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 310, "top": 353, "width": 247, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Susanti S, Sjuchro DW. Saung Angklung Udjo: Wisata dan pelestarian budaya. 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8583a67a-76df-9b87-6e29-45df08b8e62b

https://talenta.usu.ac.id/abdimas/article/download/2369/1758

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Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 295, "top": 778, "width": 8, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 102, "top": 122, "width": 394, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUKASI GIZI SEIMBANG ANAK USIA 0-2 TAHUN PADA IBU-IBU DI KELURAHAN HARAPAN MULIA, KEMAYORAN/ JAKARTA PUSAT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 184, "top": 177, "width": 226, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri Wuryanti 1) , Himmi Marsiati 1) , Sri Hastuti Andayani 1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 211, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Yarsi, Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 226, "top": 223, "width": 149, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 280, "width": 38, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 315, "width": 456, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Riskesdas 2010 menunjukkan 5% dari balita di Indonesia masih mengalami kekurangan gizi dan 37% balita Indonesia mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak. Salah satu penyebab dari permasalahan ini adalah kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang gizi balita. Untuk mencegah terjadinya malnutrisi pada balita, termasuk bayi usia dibawah 1 tahun, WHO merekomendasikan strategi global pemberian makan bayi dan anak, yaitu pemberian ASI eksklusif hingga usia 6 bulan dan mulai memberikan makanan pendamping ASI (MPASI) sejak usia 6 bulan dengan tetap melanjutkan pemberian ASI paling tidak sampai usia 2 tahun. Kelurahan Harapan Mulia terdiri dari 9 RW dan 12 RT. Di wilayah ini terdapat 10 Posyandu dengan jumlah balita sebanyak 1503 anak. Berdasarkan hasil data kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PkM) pada bulan Desember 2016 di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia didapatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman Ibu-ibu Kader tentang gizi di periode 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (1000 HPK) masih kurang, serta jumlah kader yang terlatih hanya 42%. Melalui kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang berkelanjutan ini dengan sasaran wanita usia subur (WUS), ibu hamil atau ibu yang mempunyai baduta atau balita dan kader didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak balita, khususnya anak usia 0-2 tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 298, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Gizi Seimbang Anak, Baduta/ Balita, Periode 1000 HPK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 102, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 536, "width": 212, "height": 180, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia mengalami 2 masalah gizi yang besar. Selain masih kekurangan gizi, kita juga mulai kelebihan gizi. Kekurangan dan kelebihan gizi sama-sama berdampak negatif. Kekurangan gizi berhubungan erat dengan lambatnya pertumbuhan tubuh (terutama pada anak), daya tahan tubuh yang rendah, kurangnya kecerdasan dan produktivitas yang rendah. Adapun kelebihan gizi berisiko terkena berbagai penyakit kronis/degenerative, seperti hipertensi, diabetes mellitus, stroke, penyakit jantung, gout dan beberapa jenis kanker.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 726, "width": 198, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Riskesdas 2010 menunjukkan 5% dari balita di Indonesia masih mengalami kekurangan gizi dan 37% balita Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 511, "width": 203, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mengalami gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan otak. Salah satu penyebab dari permasalahan ini adalah kurangnya pengetahuan ibu akan gizi balita.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 574, "width": 208, "height": 167, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kekurangan gizi berhubungan erat dengan lambatnya pertumbuhan tubuh (terutama pada anak), daya tahan tubuh yang rendah, kurangnya kecerdasan dan produktivitas yang rendah. Masalah kekurangan gizi pada anak balita berhubungan erat keadaan gizi ibu waktu remaja dan saat hamil, oleh karena itu pencegahan masalah gizi tidak lagi difokuskan pada anak balita seperti selama ini, tetapi lebih difokuskan pada remaja perempuan, ibu hamil dan bayi sampai berumur dua tahun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 111, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN Printed Version: 2549-4341 ISSN Online Version: 2549-418X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 55, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS TALENTA 4 (1) 2019: 9-12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 55, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/abdimas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri dkk. Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 778, "width": 14, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 108, "top": 109, "width": 175, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelurahan Harapan Mulia mempunyai", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 121, "width": 209, "height": 256, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "luas 53,45 Ha terdiri dari 9 RW dan 12 RT yang dihuni oleh 8.448 KK dengan jumlah 27.086 jiwa. Kondisi Kelurahan Harapan Mulia adalah wilayah kumuh dan berpenduduk padat, dimana penduduknya terdiri dari berbagai suku bangsa, agama dan tingkat pendidikan Kelurahan Harapan Mulia tidak mempunyai mata pencaharian yang tetap, sebagian kecil karyawan kantor, PNS, dagang dan buruh. Di wilayah ini terdapat 10 Posyandu dengan jumlah balita sebanyak 1503 anak dan mempunyai kader sebanyak 86 orang, yaitu 36 kader terlatih dan 50 kader tidak terlatih. Berdasarkan data saat kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat pada bulan Desember 2016 di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia didapatkan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang gizi di periode 1000 hari pertama kehidupan (1000 HPK) sangat terbatas/kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 387, "width": 209, "height": 141, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan kesadaran ibu-ibu kader, WUS, ibu hamil atau ibu yang mempunyai baduta atau balita tentang pentingnya kecukupan gizi anak usia 0-2 tahun atau periode 1000 HPK. Selain itu, membantu pemerintah dalam upaya percepatan perbaikan gizi melalui Gerakan Nasional Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi masyarakat dengan prioritas/fokus pada 1000 HPK.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 152, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. METODE PELAKSANAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 564, "width": 205, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode yang dilakukan pada kegiatan ini adalah dengan cara edukasi melalui penyuluhan tentang gizi seimbang anak usia 0 sampai 2 tahun pada kader, wanita usia subur (WUS), ibu hamil atau ibu yang mempunyai baduta atau balita, serta pemberian buku saku berjudul “Sehat &", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 86, "top": 652, "width": 234, "height": 117, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cerdas Berkat Gizi Seimbang” pada setiap peserta. Buku ini berisi informasi tentang ASI, MPASI dan cara memonitor pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Ruang Publik Terpadu Ramah Anak (RPTRA) Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/Jakarta Utara pada hari", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 330, "top": 108, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sabtu/16 Desember 2017. Acara diawali dengan pre test menilai pengetahuan para peserta dan diakhiri dengan post test untuk menilai peningkatan pengetahuan atau capaian dan keberhasilan kegiatan PkM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 184, "width": 158, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 210, "width": 213, "height": 192, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan dihadiri oleh 42 peserta (84% dari sasaran). Sebelum diberikan materi penyuluhan, dilakukan pre-test (lama 15 menit) untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu-ibu tentang gizi dan tumbuh kembang anak. Materi penyuluhan diberikan oleh 2 narasumber, yaitu dokter spesialis gizi dan dokter spesialis anak. Topik pertama berisi tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak 0-2 tahun, dan topik kedua tentang pengenalan dan evaluasi tumbuh kembang anak 0-2 tahun. Acara kegiatan diakhiri dengan sesi tanya jawab, post test, pembagian buku saku berjudul “Sehat & Cerdas Berkat Gizi Seimbang”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 412, "width": 206, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Evaluasi peningkatan pengetahuan tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak usia 0-2 tahun dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai pre dan post test. Hasilnya dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 501, "width": 149, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Evaluasi Peningkatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 327, "top": 515, "width": 203, "height": 225, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengetahuan Peserta No Pertanyaan (tingkat pengetahuan peserta) Pre test % (jawaban benar) Post test % (jawaban benar) 1 Pengetahuan tentang ASI 85 95 2. Pengetahuan tentang MPASI 59 79 3. Peran kecukupan gizi pada tumbuh kembang anak 70 84", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 111, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN Printed Version: 2549-4341 ISSN Online Version: 2549-418X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 55, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS TALENTA 4 (1) 2019: 9-12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 55, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/abdimas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri dkk. Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 778, "width": 14, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 109, "width": 211, "height": 166, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pre-test, tingkat pengetahuan peserta tentang pengertian dan pentingnya asupan gizi seimbang dalam periode 0–2 tahun masih sangat terbatas (khususnya berkaitan dengan MPASI, karena hanya 59% peserta dapat menjawab benar pertanyaan terkait MPASI), sedangkan pengetahuan tentang ASI cukup baik (85%). Didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta pada akhir kegiatan, tentang ASI dari 85% menjadi 95%, sedangkan untuk MPASi dari 59% menjadi 79%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 286, "width": 217, "height": 242, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kebutuhan gizi sangat bervariasi sesuai tahapan umur. Di dalam kandungan, janin akan tumbuh dan berkembang melalui pertambahan badan dan panjang badan, perkembangan otak serta organ-organ lainnya. Pada saat dilahirkan, sebagian besar perubahan tersebut menetap atau selesai, kecuali beberapa fungsi, yaitu perkembangan otak dan imunitas, yang berlanjut sampai beberapa tahun pertama kehidupan. Oleh karena itu kekurangan nutrisi sejak dalam kandungan dan periode awal kehidupan akan berdampak pada tumbuh kembang dalam jangka waktu panjang antara lain anak yang stunting, kemampuan kognitif yang lemah serta berisiko terkena penyakit tidak menular, seperti anemia, hipertensi, diabetes dan lain- lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 539, "width": 224, "height": 204, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tumbuh kembang merupakan ciri khas anak dan salah satu indikator kesehatan anak. Pertumbuhan (growth) adalah pertambahan kuantitas massa tubuh, yang biasanya diukur melalui penimbangan berat badan (dalam satuan kilogram) dan pengukuran tinggi badan (dalam satuan meter). Selain menggambarkan pertumbuhan, ukuran tubuh dapat digunakan untuk menentukan status gizi dan komposisi tubuh. Dalam kegiatan PkM ini, pengetahuan peserta tentang dampak kekurangan gizi pada tumbuh kembang anak tampak cukup baik. dan diakhir kegiatan didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan, yaitu dari 70% menjadi 84%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 108, "width": 111, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. FOTO KEGIATAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 270, "width": 196, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Pendaftaran Peserta dibantu oleh mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 453, "width": 186, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Pemberian Materi Penyuluhan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 330, "top": 609, "width": 168, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Peserta mengisi Kuisioner", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 111, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN Printed Version: 2549-4341 ISSN Online Version: 2549-418X", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 55, "width": 176, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABDIMAS TALENTA 4 (1) 2019: 9-12", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 390, "top": 55, "width": 133, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://jurnal.usu.ac.id/abdimas", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 79, "width": 435, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sri dkk. Edukasi Gizi Seimbang Anak Usia 0-2 Tahun Pada Ibu-Ibu Di Kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kemayoran/ Jakarta Pusat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 778, "width": 14, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 86, "top": 244, "width": 181, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Peserta sedang mempelajari buku saku “Sehat & Cerdas Berkat Gizi Seimbang”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 433, "width": 145, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Foto bersama peserta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 458, "width": 91, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 484, "width": 211, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Telah dilakukan penyuluhan tentang gizi seimbang untuk anak usia 0 – 2 tahun pada Ibu-ibu kader, WUS, ibu hamil dan ibu yang mempunyai anak baduta atau balita di kelurahan Harapan Mulia, Kecamatan Kemayoran, Jakarta-Pusat. Dari kegiatan ini didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan peserta tentang ASI, MPASI, serta peran kecukupan gizi pada tumbuh kembang anak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 610, "width": 55, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 86, "top": 635, "width": 206, "height": 104, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perlu dilakukan pembinaan/penyegaran secara berkala dan berkelanjutan agar materi yang disampaikan dalam penyuluhan dapat disebar luaskan dan diaplikasikan dalam mengatur menu keluarga khususnya untuk baduta/balita, serta melakukan monitor dan evaluasi status gizi dan tumbuh kembang anak melalui kegiatan Posyandu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 108, "width": 149, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "7. UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 330, "top": 135, "width": 208, "height": 128, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ucapan terima kasih kami sampaikan kepada Yayasan Universitas YARSI, Wakil Rektor III yang membawahi kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini, Dekan Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Yarsi, Dinas Kesehatan Jakarta Pusat, mitra kami yaitu Bina Keluarga Balita Kelurahan Harapan Mulia/Kecamatan Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat yang telah membantu kami dalam menyelesaikan pengabdian masyarakat ini.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 286, "width": 102, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAS PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 312, "width": 218, "height": 116, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Endang L. Achadi, Kusharisupeni, Atmarita, Rahmi Untoro. Status Gizi Ibu Hamil dan Penyakit Tidak menular pada dewasa. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat Nasional Vol.7, No. 4, November, 2012 Kemenkes RI, 2010. Deteksi dan Intervensi Dini Tumbuh Kembang. Kemenkes : Jakarta", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 438, "width": 210, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerangka Kebijakan Gerakan Nasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 451, "width": 195, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Percepatan Perbaikan Gizi dalam Rangka Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (Gerakan 1000 HPK), Republik Indonesia 2013", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 514, "width": 219, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Murti, B., 2011. Kesehatan Anak dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 527, "width": 202, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Epidemiologi Sepanjang Hayat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 344, "top": 539, "width": 185, "height": 28, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Editorial Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia, Vol.2, No.1 Januari 2011.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 577, "width": 217, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Summary Lancet Breatsfeeding Series in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 590, "width": 193, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesia; Implementasi Pelayanan Kesehatan Masyarakat; Penayangan video kampanye Gizi Tinggi Prestasi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 344, "top": 628, "width": 73, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "UNICEF, 2016.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 316, "top": 653, "width": 215, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mcwhinney I dan Freeman T, 2009, Texbook of Family Medicine 3rd ed. Oxford University Press Inc : Newyork", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 704, "width": 220, "height": 65, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proceeding of The Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolic Update Nutrimet “Best Practice in Nutrition & Metabolic Disease in the First 1000 Days of Life, April 30-May 1, 2017", "type": "Table" } ]

a71f37ee-d0c8-0000-ace1-83aae61b55f1

https://balimedikajurnal.com/index.php/bmj/article/download/267/168

[ { "left": 113, "top": 39, "width": 130, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 243, "top": 44, "width": 3, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 59, "width": 108, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 59, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 71, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 122, "width": 145, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 134, "width": 131, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 194, "top": 152, "width": 221, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. (CC BY 4.0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "246", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 197, "width": 131, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted 16 May 2022 Reviewed 9 December 2022 Accepted 20 December 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 248, "width": 388, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit: literature review:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 128, "top": 323, "width": 372, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Factors affecting the completeness of hospitalizationmedical records: a literature review", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 222, "top": 392, "width": 180, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ni Luh Putu Devhy 1* , Ika Setya Purwanti 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 412, "width": 315, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan, STIKes Wira Medika Bali, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 432, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 495, "width": 54, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 516, "width": 400, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekam medis adalah dokumen yang berisi data pasien yang terdiri dari identitas, riwayat pemeriksaan dan pengobatan pasien. Rekam medis harus diisi dengan lengkap karena dapat digunakan sebagai landasan hukum jika terjadi hal-hal yang tidak diharapkan selama suatu tindakan kesehatan. Kelengkapan rekam medis dapat dijadikan sebagai penunjang untuk meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya, ditemukan hanya 74% kelengkapan RM dari nama indikator tindakan. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ini adalah literature review, pencarian artikel di LR ini menggunakan google scolar, dengan kata kunci “faktor kelengkapan”, DAN “rekam medis” DAN “rawat inap”. Artikel yang ditemukan dalam pencarian sebanyak 262 artikel, kemudian dievaluasi kembali sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan sehingga akhirnya tersedia 5 artikel yang dapat direview.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 699, "width": 52, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* How to Cite", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 113, "top": 720, "width": 399, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Devhy, N. L. P. ., & Purwanti, I. S. . Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit: literature review: Factors affecting the completeness of hospitalizationmedical records: a literature review. Bali Medika Jurnal, 9(3), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3.267", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "247", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil : Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis adalah manusia, metode, bahan, uang Man, uang dan metode merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tidak lengkapnya rekam medis, sehingga disarankan untuk membuat standar operasional prosedur (SPO) dalam melakukan rekam medis kemudian atas pemberian motivasi kepada tenaga kesehatan dalam pengisian rekam medis dapat kami berikan sanksi yang tegas dan jelas bagi mereka. Kesimpulan: Man, money, material, dan methode merupakan faktor-faktor yang dapat memengaruhi ketidaklengkapan medis, sehingga disarankan untuk membuat Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO) dalam melakukan kegiatan medis dan disosialisasikan secara bertahap, kemudian untuk memotivasi petugas dalam pengisian RM bisa diberikan hadiah dan sanksi yang jelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 243, "width": 270, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci :, Faktor kelengkapan; Rekam Medis; Rawat inap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 286, "width": 55, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 306, "width": 400, "height": 238, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Medical record is a document that contains patient data consisting of identity, history of examination and treatment of patients. Medical records must be filled out completely because they can be used as a legal basis if something unexpected happens during a health action. Completeness of medical records can be used as support to improve health services. Based on the results of previous studies, it was found that only 74% of the completeness of the RM from the name of the action indicator. This literature review aims to determine the factors that affect the completeness of filling out medical records. Methods: The method used in this article is a literature review, the search for articles in this LR uses a google scholar, with the keywords \"completeness factors\", AND \"medical records\" AND \"hospitalization\". The articles found in the search were 262 articles, then re-evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria that had been set so that finally 5 articles were available that could be reviewed. Results showed that factors affecting the completeness of filling out medical records are man, method, material, and money. They affected uncomplitement of medical records, so it’s recommended to make standard operating procedure (SPO) in doing medical records and giving motivation to the health worker in filling medical records. We can give present and clear sanctions for them. It is recommended to make Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in carrying out medical record activities and socialize them on ongoing basis, then to motivate health workers in filling out RMs, prizes can be given and clear sanctions.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 596, "width": 351, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : Literature Review, Completeness factors, medical records, Inpatien", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 660, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 681, "width": 401, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rawat inap merupakan salah satu unit bagian dari sebuah rumah sakit. Rumah sakit memiliki peranan penting dalam peningkatan derajat kesehatan masyarakat. Mutu pelayanan suatu rumah sakit dapat dilihat dari pengelolaan rekam medisnya. Berdasarkan Kepmenkes RI nomor 129 Tahun 2008, mengatakan bahwa standar pelayanan minimal untuk kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis adalah rekam medis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "248", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang terisi lengkap oleh dokter dalam waktu kurang dari 24 jam (Kementerian Kesehatan RI, 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 124, "width": 401, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rekam medis yang baik adalah, rekam medis yang telah terisi dengan lengkap. Dikatakan lengkap jika, akurat, tepat waktu dalam pengembalian, dapat digunakan sebagai persyaratan hukum jika diperlukan dan dalam pengisian petugas kesehatan (dokter, perawat, bidan) teliti dalam mengisi rekam medis pasien setelah selesai pemeriksaan atau pemberian tindakan, jika dilihat dari hasil penelitian tentang kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis rawat inap dirumah sakit masih tergolong kurang lengkap hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan di RS. Sanjiwani pada tahun 2019 didapatkan hasil terendah dalam pengisiannya yaitu pada item pembetulan sebesar 23,2% (Devhy & Oka Widana, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 256, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan rekam medis berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan pada 5 penelitian dibawah ini yang paling banyak didapatkan adalah faktor man (petugas kesehatan) dan terkait dengan prosedural. Penelitian lain yang dilaksanakan di RSIA Bunda Aliyah Jakarta pada tahun 2019 dari 100 rekam medis yang pengisian kelengkapan pada indikator nama tindakan sebanyak 74% (Rini, Jak, & Wiyono, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 347, "width": 401, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan fenomena diatas maka penulis ingin membuat literature riview yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 246, "top": 419, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 440, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode penulisan artikel yang digunakan penulis adalah literature review. Menurut Hasibuan literature review merupakan uraian tentang suatu teori, yang dijadikan sebagai landasan untuk melakukan suatu penelitian (Hasibuan, 2007). Pencarian artikel dalam penulisan ini menggunakan google scholar , dengan kata kunci “faktor-faktor kelengkapan”, AND “rekam medis” AND “rawat inap”. Kriteria inklusi dalam penetapan artikel yang digunakan yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 531, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Artikel berbahasa Indonesia,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 553, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Artikel yang terbit dari tahun 2018-2020", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 574, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Artikel yang membahas tentang faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketidaklengapan dalam pengisian rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 632, "width": 401, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kriteria eksklusi dalam penulisan artikel ini yaitu: Artikel dalam bentuk abstrak saja. Berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan ekslusi diatas maka dari itu didapatkan hasil untuk artikel yang membahas tentang faktor-faktor ketidaklengkapan pengisian rekam medis melalui google scholar sebanyak 262 artikel, kemudian penulis mengurangi lagi dengan kategori artikel yang terbit dalam kurun waktu dr 2018-2020, sehingga didapatkan sebanyak 220 artikel, setelah itu artikel tersebut kemudian di seleksi kembali dengan menggunakan keterkaitan topik dan judul sehingga mendapatkan sebanyak 30 artikel, dan 12 artikel lainnya di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "249", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "seleksi kembali melalui identifikasi abstrak, sehingga didapatkanlah jurnal akhir yang bisa dianalisa sesuai dengan rumusan masalah dan tujuan sebanyak 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 252, "top": 146, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN DISKUSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 168, "width": 401, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan penelusuran jurnal didapatkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis rawat inap di rumah sakit antara lain: faktor sumber daya manusia (SDM) sebanyak 5 artikel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 239, "width": 449, "height": 509, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Hasil Penelusuran No Author Judul dan Jurnal Metode dan Sampel Hasil Penelitian 1 Ana Natfidatul Khoiroh, Novita Nuraini, Maya Weka Santi Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang M: kualitatif S: 2 Petugas rekam medis rawat inap Hasil penelitian mengatakan bahwa faktor penyebab utama ketidaklengkapan pengisian dokumen rekam medis rawat inap bangsal bedah adalah dari kesadaran dan kedisiplinan dokter dalam mengisi dokumen rekam medis. 2 Dian Fadilah Ayu Lestari, Indah Muflihatin Analisis Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap Di PUSKESMAS Kota Anyar M: Kualitatif S: 6 orang petugas rekam medis Hasil yang didapatkan bahwa prioritas penyebab masalah ketidaklengkapan rekam medis pasien rawat inap yaitu tidak ada SOP ( Standart Operational Procedure ). 3 Anna Anita Paulus, Yudhy Dharmawan, Farid Agushybana Faktor faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kelengkapan Dokumen Rekam medis Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Tahun 2018 M: Kualitatif S: 64 orang dan rekam medis sebanyak 562 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara komunikasi dokter dengan kelengkapan rekam medis. 4 Izha Sukma Rahmadhani, Sri Sugiarsi, antik Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Dokumen Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap Dalam Batas Waktu Pelengkapan M: Kualitatif S: rekam medis dan petugas kesehatan Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor ketidaklengkapan rekam medis pasien rawat inap disebabkan oleh aspek", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "250", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 89, "top": 89, "width": 448, "height": 157, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Moewardi Surakarta sumber daya dan aspek prosedur pelaksanaan. 5 Selvia Juwita Swari, Gamasiano Alfiansyah, Rossalina Adi Wijayanti, Rowinda Dwi Kurniawati Analisis Kelengkapan Pengisian Rekam Medis Pasien Rawat Inap RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang M: kualitatif S: 86 rekam medis dan 2 orang petugas Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini adalah ketidaklengkapan dari pengisian rekam medis rawat inap ada beberapa faktor yaitu faktor petugas ( man ), faktor prosedural", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 402, "top": 235, "width": 135, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "( method ), faktor alat ( material ), faktor machines dan faktor motivation.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 116, "top": 308, "width": 44, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Diskusi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 329, "width": 401, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penantaan rekam medis, pemberian coding, tabulasi, pelaporan rumah sakit, dan yang terakhir pemusnahan rekam medis merupakan beberapa hal yang harus dilakukan jika ingin tertib admisitrasi, sehingga dapat meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit (Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia, 2006). Guna mencapai tertib administrasi maka diperlukan indikator-indkator yang harus dipenuhi, yaitu salah satunya kegiatan pengisian rekam medis pasien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 420, "width": 403, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Beberapa faktor yang memengaruhi ketidak lengkapan dari pengisian rekam medis rawat inap salah satu nya yaitu faktor petugas ( man ), faktor petugas yang dimaksud disini adalah petugas kesehatan seperti dokter, perawat dan petugas rekam medis. Penyebab petugas ( man ) tidak mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap dipengaruhi oleh pengetahuan yang kurang baik hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Rosita yaitu dilihat dari hasil korelasi ada hubungan antara pengetahuan petugas kesehatan dengan kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis (Kumalasari, Darmawan, & Winarni, 2018). Penelitian lain yang dilakukan oleh devi juga mendapatkan hasil yang sama yaitu ada hubungan antara pengetahuan perawat dengan pengisian rekam medis (Sari & Siwi, 2019). Selain pengetahuan penyebab lain yang memengaruhi petugas (man) dalam pengisian rekam medis nya yaitu kedisiplinan dari seorang petugas hal ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh (Khoiroh, Nuraini, & Santi, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 607, "width": 401, "height": 149, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lain yang tidak kalah pentingnya dalam memengaruhi kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis yaitu faktor method. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dian dikatakan bahwa 1 orang informan mengatakan tidak adanya Standar Prosedure Operasiona l dan (SPO) 3 orang informan ragu-ragu tentang keberadaan SPO yang berkaitan dengan aturan atau prosedur kerja sehingga dapat mendukung jalannya suatu kegiatan atau pekerjaan (Lestari & Muflihatin, 2020). Penelitian lain yang sejalan mengatakan bahwa ketidaklengkapan pengisian resume medis dikarenakan belum adanya sosialisasi tentang (SPO) yang dilakukan secara terus menerus, kemudian tidak adanya punishment dan reward yang jelas, hal ini dapat mempengaruhi kepatuhan petugas dalam mengisi resume medis (Apriyantini, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "251", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 401, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor material juga dapat mempengaruhi kelengkapan dalam pengisian rekam medis, berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan petugas ruangan yang dilakukan oleh Selvi didapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ada data rekapitulasi untuk kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis yaitu sarana dan prasarana (Swari, Alfiansyah, Wijayanti, & Kurniawati, 2019)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 165, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor keuangan (money) berkaitan dengan penyedia sarana dan prasarana sebagai penyedia dokumen rekam medis. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Karmila dikatakan bahwa perlu ada pengalokasian dana yang akan digunakan khusus untuk pelatihan yang berkesinambungan sehingga dapat menunjang tercapainya pelayanan secara optimal (Karmila, 2020). Penelitian lain mengatakan bahwa perlu adanya pengharagaan berupa pujian atau jika memungkinkan adanya pemberian hadiah sehingga dapat memotivasi petugas dalam mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap (Swari, Alfiansyah, Wijayanti, & Kurniawati, 2019)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 298, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor machine juga merupakan salah satu faktor dari ketidaklengkapan rekam medis, berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh selvi di RSUD Kariadi Semarang dikatakan bahwa belum adanya cheeklist yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk melakukan monitoring setelah selesai pelayanan (Swari, Alfiansyah, Wijayanti, & Kurniawati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 375, "width": 401, "height": 107, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan monitoring dan evaluasi merupakan salah satu unsur yang berhubungan erat dengan audit medis, maka dari itu praktisi rekam medik di haruskan untuk memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dan luas sehingga dapat meninggkatkan mutu dari pelayanan. Proses monitoring dan evaluasi berpedoman pada beberapa indikator salah satunya yaitu diagnosis harus ditulis dengan benar pada lembaran masuk dan keluar, penulisan identitas pasien, laporan riwayat penyakit dan pemeriksaan fisik dalam keadaan lengkap dan berisi semua data (Yanmed, 1997).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 515, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 537, "width": 401, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bebarapa faktor ketidaklengkapan rekam medis dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal yaitu, dari faktor Man yang disebabakan oleh kedisiplinan dan tanggung jawab petugas kesehatan dalam pengisian rekam medis, faktor prosedural ( method) yaitu belum adanya evaluasi SPO dan pelaksanaan kegiatan monitoring terhadap kelengkapan rekam medis, dari faktor alat ( material ) lembar cheeklist untuk memeriksa kelengkapan pengisian rekam medis belum spesifik, dan tidak terdapat data rekapitulasi ketidaklengkapan pengisian rekam medis rawat inap. Faktor dana ( money ) tidak adanya penghargaan dalam bentuk penambahan gaji (remunerasi) dan sangsi yang tegas kepada petugas kesehatan jika tidak mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 683, "width": 400, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perlu dilakukannya penetapan SPO untuk pengisian rekam medis sehingga petugas kesehatan dapat mengisi sesuai dengan standar, sebaiknya diberikan reward atau penghargaan untuk petugas kesehatan yang mengisi rekam medis dengan lengkap, dan sebaliknya jika ada yang petugas kesehatan yang tidak mengisi dengan baik rekam medis nya makan diberikan hukuman. Perlu dilakukannya pelatihan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 38, "width": 108, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bali Medika Jurnal. Vol 9 No 3, 2022: 246-253", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 441, "top": 50, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN : 2615-7047", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 62, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.36376/bmj.v9i3", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 492, "top": 766, "width": 21, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "252", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 770, "width": 188, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://balimedikajurnal.com/ http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 88, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terkait dengan rekam medik, mengingat masih banyak praktisi rekam medik yang belum berlatar belakang pendidikan rekam medis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 257, "top": 146, "width": 113, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 168, "width": 400, "height": 101, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konsil Kedokteran Indonesia. (2006, November). Retrieved Desember 2021, from Manual Rekam Medis: http://119.2.50.170:9092/pormiki/asset/upload/62_MANUAL_REKAM_ MEDIS.pdf https://doi.org/10.47638/admmirasi.v5i1.69 Devhy, N. P., & Oka Widana, A. G. (2019). Analisis Kelengkapan Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Ganesha Di Kota Gianyar Tahun 2019. Rekam Medis dan Informasi Kesehatan , 2(2), 106-110.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 149, "top": 272, "width": 200, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.31983/jrmik.v2i2.5353", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 294, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rini, M., Jak, Y., & Wiyono, T. (2019). Analisis Kelengkapan Pengisian Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Kebidanan RSIA Bunda Aliyah Jakarta Tahun 2019 . Jurnal Manajemen dan Admisitrasi Rumah Sakit Indonesia (MARSI), 3 no 2 (Oktober ), 131-141. https://doi.org/10.7454/jabt.v2i2.96", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 357, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasibuan, Z. A. (2007). Metodologi Penelitian Pada Bidang Ilmu Komputer Dan Teknologi Informasi. Jakarta: Fakultas Ilmu Komputer Universitas Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.52958/iftk.v17i2.3464", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 407, "width": 400, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Khoiroh, A. N., Nuraini, N., & Santi, M. W. (2020). Faktor Penyebab Ketidaklengkapan Rekam Medis Rawat Inap Di RSUD Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang . 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Dirjen Yanmed, (1997). Prosedur Pengembalian Berkas Rekam Medis Rawat Inap", "type": "Text" } ]

f82080c6-b42e-edf4-2fb3-b428509b7947

http://jurnal.utu.ac.id/jppolicy/article/download/698/564

[ { "left": 80, "top": 86, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "RELASI OTONOMI KHUSUS DAN PENGURANGAN KEMISKINAN DI PROVINSI ACEH", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 288, "top": 148, "width": 38, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ikhsan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 169, "width": 201, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 210, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 471, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "This study investigates the The relationship between special autonomi and impact of alleviation of poverty. Special autonomy in Aceh was designed to rebuild Aceh Post-Conflict and tsunami that had destroyed Aceh from the development and social political causing increased poor people. Special autonomy expected to be the solution of social problems and poverty in aceh province.To achieve a purpose of this research, used the theory decentralization asymmetrical that helps to see efforts pelaksaan decentralization at the provincial level in accordance with local knowledge to the problem of community social and confinement the level of poverty.This research uses the method the qualitative study by adopting descriptive aimed at to explain deeper on the impact of autonomy special on alleviation of poverty through technique observation, interviews and documentation . the results showed that the relationship between special autonomy and poverty has no significant effect", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 281, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keyword : Special autonomy, poverty, policy, relationship", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 436, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 474, "width": 101, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 515, "width": 471, "height": 200, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemiskinan telah menjadi isu global yang dapat menghambat kesejahteraan dan kemajuan peradaban umat manusia, bahkan Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) mencatat hingga bulan Maret 2014 jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia menembus angka 28,28 juta jiwa atau 11,47 persen dari total penduduk Indonesia. Menurut banyak pakar kemiskinan, faktor ekonomi sering kali disebut sebagai penyebab utama munculnya kemiskinan. Namun pada kenyataannya, faktor politik adalah faktor yang paling dominan memainkan peranan bagi munculnya penduduk miskin baru akibat berbagai kebijakan yang dibuat. Selain itu, faktor pendidikan yang rendah, dan faktor infrastruktur yang terbatas menjadi penyebab makin banyaknya kemiskinan di Indonesia. . Meskipun memiliki sumber daya alam yang berlimpah namun apabila hidup di daerah yang tertinggal dengan infrastruktur yang terbatas maka besar kemungkinan individu tersebut akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 213, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "tetap terjebak dalam lingkaran kemiskinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketimpangan ekonomi yang berujung pada konflik disintegrasi terjadi di beberapa daerah di Indonesia, seperti pemberontakan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM), Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM), dan lepasnya timor-timur dari NKRI. Antisipasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah adalah dengan menerapkan desentralisasi yang asimetris seperti di Aceh dan Papua berupa otonomi khusus. Menurut Hanum (2001:109) terdapat dua manfaat yang dapat diperoleh dari pemberlakuan desentralisasi asimetris. Pertama, sebagai solusi bagi kemungkinan terjadinya konflik etnis, atau konflik fisik lainnya. Kedua, sebagai respon demokratis dan damai terhadap keluhan atau masalah yang dihadapi kelompok kaum minoritas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 471, "height": 95, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Terkait dengan permasalahan desentralisasi di Aceh, pemerintah telah merespon dengan memberlakukan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintah Aceh dengan alokasi dana otonomi khusus tahun 2008 adalah sebesar Rp3,59 Triliun dan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya sesuai perkembangan DAU Nasional. Total dana otsus yang sudah diterima Aceh sampai tahun 2014 adalah sebesar Rp 35,1 Triliun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 404, "width": 471, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jumlah dana otsus yang sudah diterima merupakan jumlah yang sangat besar untuk bisa dimanfaatkan untuk pembangunan guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat Aceh. Dalam rangka pengentasan kemiskinan. Hal ini sesuai pernyataan Gubernur Aceh:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 466, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "“Didasarkan data BPS Aceh, angka kemiskinan di Aceh saat ini sebesar 19,72 persen dan dengan dana yang dimiliki Aceh, serta program dan kegiatan yang akan dijalankan tahun ini, pemerintah optimis akan terjadi penurunan kemiskinan sebesar 2 (dua) persen” (www.bisnisaceh.com, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 471, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Otonomi khusus Aceh dipandang dapat mengurangi kemiskinan dengan lebih cepat apabila didorong oleh tata kelola pemeritahan yang baik. Otonomi khusus di Aceh akan meningkatkan efesiensi alokasi sumberdaya karena pemerintah di daerah lebih dekat dengan warga daripada pemerintah pusat sehingga pemerintah di daerah diharapkan memiliki informasi yang akurat dan bisa menyelesaikan persoalan dengan lebih cepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 653, "width": 471, "height": 54, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini difokuskan terhadap dampak dari pelaksaan otonomi khusus di Aceh yang telah berjalan selama 7 (Tujuh) tahun terutama terhadap pengurangan kemiskinan sebagai kosekuensi dari kontruksi otonomi khusus di Aceh yaitu pengurangan kemiskinan, selain itu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan otonomi khusus di Aceh mampu untuk mensejahterakan masyarakat. Pertanyaan dalam penelitian ini adalah Bagaimana hubungan otonomi khusus dan pengurangan kemiskinanan di Propinsi Aceh?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 153, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "TINJAUAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 184, "width": 112, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Tinjauan Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 205, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Otonomi khusus sebagai salah satu strategi dalam mengatasi persoalan kesejahteraan sosial telah banyak menjadi bahan kajian para ahli. Berikut ini disajikan beberapa tulisan yang mengangkat tema di atas sebagai fokus penelitian. Skonieczny dan Torissi (2008) melakukan penelitian tentang keberadaan daerah-daerah yang diberikan hak otonomi khusus. Penelitian ini berangkat dari kasus otonomi khusus yang yang diberikan kepada salah satu daerah di Spanyol yang dikenal dengan comuniddades autonomas , serta sebuah daerah di Italia yang juga diberikan berupa otonomi khusus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 364, "width": 471, "height": 33, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk memperjelas pemahaman mengenai kemiskinan, berikut penulis lampirkan tabel penelitian terdahulu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 419, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2.1 Penelitian Terdahulu Tentang Kemiskinan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 455, "width": 448, "height": 241, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peneliti/ Tempat Judul/tempat penelitian Metode Penelitian Hasil/Penelitian Skonieczny dan Torissi di Spanyol dan Italia (2008) Daerah otonomi khusus dan tingkat keberhasilan dalam pembangunan ekonomi Kualitatif Menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pemberian otonomi khusus dengan perubahan indeks pembangunan ekonomi. Luthfi di Aceh (2012) Dampak adanya otonomi khusus serta sharing hasil hasil minyak bumi dan gas Kuantitatif Menemukan fakta bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah ( government expenditure ) yang meningkat secara signifikan sejak", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 73, "width": 448, "height": 532, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(dan amigas) terhadap program pengurangan angka kemiskinan di Aceh 2009 tidak diikuti dengan peningkan taraf kesejahteraan masyarakat, meskipun angka pengangguran berhasil diturunkan. Mollet di Papua (2012) Otonomi khusus dan program pengentasan kemiskinan di Provinsi Papua Deskriptif kualitatif Terjadi pengurangan angka kemiskinan di provinsi Papua sebesar 10 % setelah dibelakukannya status otonomi khusus. Angka ini merupakan pengurangan kemiskinan paling signifikan dalam satu dekade terakhir. Fleinteinstein dan Iwata di China (2004) Pengaruh desentralisasi ekonomi dan fiskal terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan inflasi di China. Kuantitatif Desentralisasi ekonomi berhubungan positif dengan pertumbuhan PDB riil di China. Hammound dan Tossun di Virginia University (2009) Keterkaitan antara otonomi daerah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Kualitatif Yang menentukan berhasil atau tidak pembangunan ekonomi tidak ditentukan oleh bentuk pengelolaan pemerintah daerah (desentralisasi atau tidak) tetapi juga bentuk organisasi pemerintah daerah itu sendiri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 96, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Kerangka Teori", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 93, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1 Desentralisasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 130, "width": 471, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2004 tentang Otonomi Daerah, desentralisasi adalah penyerahan wewenang pemerintahan oleh Pemerintah kepada Daerah Otonom dalam kerangka Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Desentralisasi merupakan salah satu dari upaya penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang didelegasikan kepada pemerintah daerah, selain dekonsentrasi dan tugas perbantuan. Dekonsentrasi adalah pelimpahan wewenang dari Pemerintah kepada Gubernur sebagai wakil Pemerintah dan atau perangkat pusat di Daerah. Tugas Perbantuan adalah penugasan dari Pemerintah kepada Daerah dan Desa dan dari Daerah ke Desa untuk melaksanakan tugas tertentu yang disertai pembiayaan, sarana dan prasarana, serta sumber daya manusia dengan kewajiban melaporkan dan mempertanggungjawabkan pelaksanaannya kepada yang menugaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 335, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Secara umum, ada tiga argument yang senantiasa digunakan untuk menggarisbawahi pentingnya desentralisasi . Pertama, desentralisasi akan meningkatkan efesiensi alokasi sumber daya karena pemerintah didaerah lebih dekat dengan warga ketimbang pemerintah pusat sehingga memiliki informasi yang cepat untuk merespon kebutuhan warga. Hal ini juga mendorong pemerintah daerah untuk berkompetisi, mempromosikan keunggulan daerah masing- masing yang pada akhirnya akan memacu inovasi dan kebijakan yang lebih progesif. Kedua, desentralisasi akan meningkatkan produktivitas melalui peningkatan akuntabilatas, pemberantasan korupsi dan peningkatan efektifitas pemerintah lokal (Ni’matul Huda: 78, 2009)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 514, "width": 144, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2 Desentralisasi Asimetris", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 535, "width": 471, "height": 179, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengadopsian model desentralisasi asimetris didasari kebutuhan akan kerangka administrasi yang handal dalam mengelola keragaman lokal. Format pengorganisasian Negara dilihat sebagai wujud respon atas realitas keberagaman masyarakat sebagai sebagai sumber input bagi bekerjanya sistem politik/pemerintahan. Warsito Utomo (2004) juga menggaris bawahi pentingya melihat desentralisasi asimetris (termasuk yang dipraktekkan Negara federal) sebagai upaya untuk tidak saja melakukan transfer of political outhority tetapi juga upaya untuk mengakomodasi terhadap cultural diversity . Disentralisasi akan memberikan ruang gerak secara cultural bagi daerah yang berkarakter berbeda. Pada titik ini menempatkan desentralisasi asimetrik untuk Indonesia variasi budaya yang sangat beragam akan sangat tepat untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 259, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memberkan apresiasi terhadap keberagaman tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 103, "width": 107, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.3 Otonomi Daerah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 124, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Untuk merangkum semua definisi yang ada pasal I Undang-Undang Nomor 32 tentang Pemerintah Daerah menyebutkan definisi otonomi daerah: “kewenangan daerah otonom untuk mengatur dan mengurus kepentingan masyarakat setempat menurut prakarsa sendiriberdasarkan aspirasi masyarakat sesuai dengan perturan perundang-undangan”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 221, "width": 165, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.4 Kebijakan Otonomi Khusus", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 241, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daerah-daerah yang memiliki kekhususan ini biasanya memiliki sentimen kesejarahan yang khusus membedakan dengan daerah lain, sentimen kesejarahan ini kemudian diikuti oleh rasa loyalitas yang tinggi pada devisi sosial dalam suatu teritori secara kuat (Yosmardin dan Ramses, 2008:65). Dalam kasus Aceh, perbedaan mendasar antara penyelenggaraan pemerintahan Aceh dengan penyelengaraan pemerintahan daerah lain ialah titik berat pelaksanaan desentralisasi berada ditingkat propinsi, khususnya terkait dengan pengelolaan hak- hak keistimewaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 400, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hak-hak istimewa di atas menimbulkan tiga implikasi, yaitu pertama Aceh mendapat akses yang lebih besar terhadap sumber daya, baik sumber daya alam maupun keuangan. Kedua, organisasi pemerintah daerah menjadi lebih besar karena pembentukan lembaga-lembaga baru baik yang termasuk jajaran satuan kerja maupun yang tidak. Ketiga, menguatnya kewenangan gubernur khususnya dalam hal pengelolaan dan distribusi dana otonomi khusus serta dana bagi hasil migas. Implikasi terakhir ini menjadi penentu arah kebijakan pemerintah Aceh dalam mengatasi ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan antar-kabupaten pasca berlakunya otonomi khusus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 555, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.5 Kemiskinan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 576, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Patterson dan Scholz mendefinisikan penduduk miskin sebagai sekelompok dalam masyarakat dengan tingkat pendapatan paling rendah dan dengan rencana hidup paling rendah pula. Berangkat dari definisi penduduk miskin ini maka kemiskinan diterjemahkan sebagai kondisi ketika pendapatan (income) yang diperoleh sangat rendah (dibawah garis kemiskinan) sehingga menghilangkan kemampuan untuk menata hidup menjadi lebih baik. UNDP (2008:34) mendefinisiskan kemiskinan tidak hanya menyangkut uang tetapi kegagalan akses akan sumber daya seperti kesehatan, pendidikan dan kesempatan untuk berpartisapasi dalam politik. UNDP", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memasukkan penilaian tidak adanya partisapasi dalam pengambilan kebijakan publik sebagai salah satu indikator kemiskinan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 128, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan jenis, kemiskinan dapat dibagi menjadi empat, yaitu pertama, kemiskinan relatif, kemiskinan absolut, kemiskinan struktural dan kemiskinan kultural (Badrudin, 2012:55) kemiskinan relatif. Kedua, kemiskinan absolut Ketiga, kemiskinan struktural Keempat, kemiskinan kultural.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "World Bank (2008) dalam Hendra menyebutkan bahwa penyebab kemiskinan: 1) rendahnya pendapatan dan asset untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar; 2) ketidakmapuan bersuara di depan institusi negara dan masyarakat; 3) rentan terhadap gangguan ekonomi (Hendra, 2010:59). Kartasasmita (1996:227) menyebutkan bahwa kemiskinan diakibatkan oleh faktor- faktor sebagai berikut: 1) rendahnya tingkat pendidikan menyebabkan keterbatasan pengembangan diri; 2) rendahnya tingkat kesehatan, dalam hal ini rendahnya kesehatan dan gizi buruk menyebabkan rendahnya daya tahan fisik, daya fikir, dan prakarsa; 3) terbatasnya lapangan kerja; 4) keterisolasian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 404, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini dipersempit jangkauan bahwa penyebab kemiskinan akan digunakan keterbatasasan akses modal, rendahnya sumber daya manusia, rendahnya tingkat kesehatan, serta ketidakmampuan untuk berpartisapasi dalam hal politik untuk menyampaikan aspirasi kepada masyarakat dan Negara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 505, "width": 64, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Metodologi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 544, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kulitatif. Penelitian deskriptif adalah penelitian yang tertuju pada pemecahan masalah-masalah sehingga data-data yang dikumpulkan, disusun dan dijelaskan, dan dianalisa (Surachmad, 1980). Penelitian kualitatif adalah jenis penelitian yang temuan-temuanya tidak diperoleh melalui prosedur statistik atau bentuk hitung lainnya. Data tidak berbentuk angka tetapi banyak berupa narasi, deskripsi, cerita, dokumentasi tertulis, dan tidak tertulis. Penelitian kualitatif berusaha memahami fenomena sosial melalui gambaran holistik terhadap obyek studi pada suatu konteks khusus yang alamiah (Lexy J Moleong, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Data dalam penelitian ini meliputi data primer dalam bentuk wawancara dan observasi lansung di Propinsi Aceh yaitu; Gubernur Aceh, Bappeda, Dinas Sosial, TNP2K, dan BPS Aceh. Data sekunder yang peneliti gunakan adalah data-data yang dimiliki oleh Bappeda Aceh, Dinas Sosial Aceh, TNP2K Aceh, dan BPS Aceh, yang berupa hasil penelitian terdahulu, laporan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 173, "width": 68, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 212, "width": 166, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kondisi Kemiskinan Di Aceh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 247, "width": 471, "height": 33, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam periode 2008-2014, jumlah penduduk miskin Aceh menurun hingga 9 (sembilan) persen atau mencapai lebih empat ratus ribu jiwa. Lebih jelasnya dapat dilihat pada tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 302, "width": 292, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel Persentase Kemiskinan di Aceh Tahun 2008 - 2014", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 329, "width": 369, "height": 161, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahun Angka Kemiskinan Aceh % Angka Kemiskinan Indonesia % 2008 23.53 % 15.40 % 2009 21.80 % 14.15 % 2010 20.98 % 13.33 % 2011 19.57 % 12.49 % 2012 18.48 % 11.96 % 2013 17.72 % 11.46 % 2014 16.98 % 10.96 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 499, "width": 123, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber di olah dari BPS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 533, "width": 471, "height": 138, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mencermati perkembangan data kemiskinan Aceh, sebaran penduduk miskin lebih banyak berada di pedesaan dibandingkan wilayah perkotaan. Tahun 2008 jumlah penduduk miskin di pedesaan berjumlah 864.900 jiwa atau sekitar 79,81 persen dari total penduduk miskin dan di perkotaan hanya sebanyak 218.800 jiwa atau 20,19 persen. Proses penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin ternyata relatif tidak diikuti dengan perubahan komposisi sebaran penduduk miskin. Hingga tahun 2014 persentase penduduk miskin pedesaaan relative stabil di kisaran 79 persen dan di perkotaan hanya pada kisaran 20 persen. (BPS,Aceh dalam angka)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 97, "top": 72, "width": 420, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel Jumlah, Pesentase, Dan Perbandingan Penduduk Miskin Terhadap Jumlah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 93, "width": 443, "height": 293, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penduduk di Aceh, 2008-2014 Tahun Jumlah Penduduk Miskin (000) % Penduduk Miskin Perbandingan Jumlah Penduduk Miskin Terhadap Total Jumlah Penduduk Kota Desa K+D Kota Desa K+D Kota Desa 2007 218,8 864,9 1083,7 18,68 29,87 26,65 20,19 79,81 2008 195,8 763,9 959,7 16,67 26,30 23,53 20,40 79,60 2009 182,2 710,7 892,9 15,44 24,37 21,8 20,41 79,59 2010 173,4 688,5 861,9 14,65 23,54 20,98 20,12 79,88 2011 180,4 718,6 899,19 14,80 24,47 19,57 20,27 79,73 2012 176,6 700,6 877,23 13,90 23,45 18,35 20,34 79,66 2013 164,2 695,2 859,48 12,86 22,01 17,67 20,02 78, 98 2014 158,04 679,3 8 837,42 11,36 19,19 16,98 21,11 78,99", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 108, "top": 394, "width": 178, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber : diolah dari data BPS Aceh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan lain kemiskinan di Aceh adalah besarnya gap antara garis kemiskinan wilayah perkotaan dan wilayah pedesaan. Dalam periode 2008-2014 garis kemiskinan perkotaan meningkat dari Rp 246.375,- menjadi Rp 352.056,- sedangkan di pedesaan meningkat dari hanya Rp 218.143,-. pada tahun 2008 menjadi Rp 310.089,- pada tahun 2014 (Sumber di olah dari BPS). Hal ini tidak hanya menunjukkan rendahnya tingkat pendapatan di pedesaan melainkan juga menyatakan adanya ketimpangan pendapatan yang cukup besar antara penduduk yang tinggal di perkotaan dan di pedesaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 588, "width": 108, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Akses Kesehatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 609, "width": 186, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1 Jaminan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 646, "width": 471, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh mengeluarkan kebijakan jaminanan Kesehatan Aceh (JKA) pada tahun 2010 yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan, mendorong kreatifitas, dan produktifitas masyarakat Aceh Program JKA menjembatani masyarakat Aceh untuk mengakses pelayanan kesehatan. JKA menghilangkan kendala biaya ketika masyarakat Aceh berobat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Fasilitas kesehatan pemerintah tidak lagi memungut biaya administrasi maupun biaya pelayanan kesehatan, sejak program ini dilaksanakan (Bappeda, RPJM 2012-2017). Untuk jangka panjang Pemerintah Aceh perlu mengupayakan peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan penyediaan bahan pokok yang murah sehingga meningkatkan gizi masyarakat, yang pada akhirnya akan membuat masyarakat lebih sehat dan kebal terhadap penyakit (Profil Kesehatan Aceh,2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 190, "width": 435, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2 Status Kesehatan, Pelayanan Kesehatan, Fasilitas Kesehatan, Sumberdaya Tenaga Kesehatan, dan Kondisi Kesehatan Lingkungan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 471, "height": 220, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambaran status kesehatan diuraikan berdasarkan pencapaian beberapa indikator seperti; umur harapan hidup, Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB), Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI), gizi balita dan ibu hamil, serta sebaran penyakit menular. Profil kesehatan tahun 2014 menunjukkan jumlah Rumah Sakit Umum di Aceh sebanyak 49 unit, Puskesmas sebanyak 312 unit dengan pembagian puskesmas rawat inap 138 unit dan puskesmas non rawat inap 174 unit. Secara rasio pembangunan puskesmas di Aceh telah mencukupi dimana seluruh kecamatan telah memiliki puskesmas dengan rasio setiap 100.000 penduduk. Selain fasilitas kesehatan tersebut diatas di Aceh telah tersedia Pos Kesehatan Desa (Poskesdes/Polindes) sejumlah 2.269 (35,16 persen), Pos Pelayanan Terpadu (Posyandu) sebanyak 7.150 unit, dan Puskesmas Pembantu (Pustu) sebanyak 852 unit. Pada tahun 2015 diharapkan pembangunan Poskesdes atau Polindes mencapai 50 persen (Profil Kesehatan Aceh) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 487, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Permasalahan tenaga kesehatan di Aceh menyangkut jumlah, kualifikasi yang kurang memadai dan distribusi tenaga kesehatan yang tidak merata.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 542, "width": 472, "height": 137, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menilai keadaan lingkungan sehat ada 4 (empat) indikator yaitu (1) persentase keluarga yang memiliki persediaan air minum sehat, (2) keluarga yang memiliki jamban sehat, (3) persentase keluarga yang mengelola sampah dan (4) keluarga yang mengelola air limbahnya dengan baik. Keadaan ini masih jauh dari yang diharapkan karena situasi lingkungan yang kurang sehat dan perilaku hidup sehat yang masih perlu mendapat perhatian serta kerusakan lingkungan akibat bencana yang demikian parah sehingga indikator keberhasilan program ini belum mencapai target.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 72, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Akses Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 471, "height": 116, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan urusan strategis yang masih menjadi kewenangan negara, namun karena keistimewaan dan kekhususan daerah, Pemerintah Aceh memiliki kewenangan untuk menyelenggarakan pendidikan sesuai dengan karakteristik, potensi, dan kebutuhan masyarakat Aceh, yaitu pendidikan yang Islami sebagaimana yang telah ditetapkan dalam Qanun Aceh Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan, yang kemudian direvisi menjadi Qanun No.5 Tahun 2008 tentang Penyelenggaraan Pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 245, "width": 256, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1 Pemerataan Dan Perluasan Akses Pendidikan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 280, "width": 471, "height": 220, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketersediaan dan penyebaran lembaga pendidikan yang memadai dan merata merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam upaya peningkatan APK/APM. Sampai akhir Tahun 2014, di seluruh Aceh terdapat 1.235 unit TK/RA, 3.938 unit SD/MI/SDLB, 1072 unit SMP/MTs/SMPLB, dan 844 unit SMA/MA/SMALB/SMK (termasuk SMK Kecil dan Kelas Jauh). Pada jenjang SD/MI; 33,06 persen ruang kelas sekolah rusak sedang/ringan dan 24,08 persen rusak berat, pada tingkat SMP/MTs; 19,06 persen rusak sedang/ringan dan 17,19 persen rusak berat, dan pada tingkat SMA/MA; 14,85 persen rusak sedang/ringan dan 10,69 persen rusak berat. Selain pendidikan dasar dan menengah, pemerintah Aceh juga menaruh perhatian terhadap akses layanan pendidikan tinggi. Sampai akhir Tahun 2014, di Aceh telah berdiri 79 perguruan tinggi, yang terdiri dari; 11 unit Perguruan Tinggi Negeri (PTN) dan 68 unit Perguruan Tinggi Swasta (PTS) yang tersebar diseluruh wilayah Aceh (Profil Pendidikan Aceh).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 522, "width": 471, "height": 116, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh tidak hanya melakukan program penghapusan buta aksara latin, tetapi juga penghapusan buta aksara Al-Qur’an dengan indikator kemampuan membaca Al-Qur’an dengan baik dan benar. Permasalahan pendidikan tidak hanya menyangkut penyediaan layanan pendidikan formal bagi peserta didik, tetapi juga pembekalan ilmu pengetahuan (knowledge) dan ketrampilan (life skills) bagi setiap anggota masyarakat melalui program Pendidikan Non Formal (PNF) (Profil Pendidikan Aceh).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 72, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Akses Modal", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 114, "width": 281, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.1 Bantuan Keuangan Peumakmu Gampong (BKPG)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 151, "width": 471, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Program BKPG ini disampaikan rancangan oleh Gubernur Aceh pada tanggal 13 Juli 2008. Program ini merupakan inisiatif pemerintah Aceh untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat Aceh melalui pembangunan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat. Dana yang disediakan berjumlah Rp 100 juta per gampong yang pemanfaatannya dilakukan melalui proses perencanan secara mandiri oleh masyarakat. Pemerintah kabupaten/kota wajib mengalokasikan dana pendamping dalam bentuk ADG untuk program ini sebesar minimal Rp 50 juta per gampong. Program ini di maksudkan untuk pengurangan kemiskinan yang sangat besar di Aceh yang hampir 50% warga Aceh berada di bawah tingkat kemiskinan akibat konflik panjang yang berlangsung nyaris 30 tahun (Bappeda, Aceh 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 351, "width": 471, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kepala Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa Aceh mengemukakan beberapa tantangan yang harus dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan program ini. Beliau mengatakan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 404, "width": 435, "height": 75, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "“Cakupan program ini cukup besar yaitu, 6379 desa, 276 kecamatan dan 23 kabupaten kota. Oleh karena itu, program ini tidak mungkin dilaksanakan apabila tidak adanya dukungan dari seluruh pihak yang terlibat – baik dari segi pelaksanaannya maupun pengontrolan penyaluran dana”. (Wawancara, desember 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 503, "width": 471, "height": 94, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh kembali mengalokasikan anggaran Rp 517 milliar Bantuan Keuangan Pemakmue Gampong (BKPG) di tahun 2014. Dana BKPG dialokasikan bagi kepada 6.464 gampong di 289 Kecamatan yang ada di 23 Kabupaten/Kota di Aceh. Jumlah tersebut meningkat bila dibandingkan pada tahun 2012 Rp 445 milliar dan Rp 452 milliar di tahun 2013 lalu. Total dana dari tahun 2008-2014 sebesar 2,50 triliun (Bappeda aceh,2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 619, "width": 182, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4.2 Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 653, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) merupakan salah satu indikator yang dapat menggambarkan kondisi umum perekonomian suatu wilayah, dan sekaligus memberikan gambaran aktivitas masyarakat dalam mencapai kesejahteraan. TPT diukur berdasarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "persentase jumlah angkatan kerja yang tidak bekerja yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya adalah kondisi sosial, budaya, dan ekonomi lingkungan, serta kondisi internal angkatan kerja itu sendiri. Jumlah angkatan kerja di Aceh pada tahun 2014 mencapai 1,897 juta orang mengalami penambahan sekitar 104 ribu orang dari kondisi 2008 yang hanya sebanyak 1,793 juta orang. Sedangkan jumlah penduduk yang bekerja pada tahun 2014 adalah sebanyak 1,732 juta orang atau bertambah sekitar 110 ribu orang dari tahun 2008 yang hanya sebanyak 1,622 juta orang (bps.acehprov.go.id).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 231, "width": 471, "height": 179, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Peningkatan jumlah orang yang bekerja lebih besar dari peningkatan jumlah angkatan kerja yang terjadi pada tahun 2014 telah menyebabkan menurunnya TPT di Aceh. Kondisi yang yang sama, juga terjadi selama beberapa tahun sebelumnya, akibat semakin bertambahnya kesempatan kerja dan semakin luasnya lapangan usaha yang tercipta. Semakin kondusifnya keamanan daerah dan semakin baiknya kondisi berbagai sarana dan prasarana daerah, serta semakin terbukanya akses daerah terhadap dunia luar telah mendorong masyarakat untuk lebih berpartisipasi dalam akselerasi pembangunan Aceh. Hal ini ditandai dengan semakin banyaknya tumbuh unit-unit usaha kecil dan menengah baik oleh pelaku-pelaku ekonomi lokal maupun tumbuh melalui kemitraan dengan pengusaha-pengusaha luar daerah dan asing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 432, "width": 467, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel Perkembangan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka di Aceh Selama Periode 2006 – 2010", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 177, "top": 459, "width": 252, "height": 203, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tahun Tingkat Pengangguran % 2008 10,43 2009 10,11 2010 9,90 2011 9,84 2012 9,56 2013 8,71 2014 8,60 Sumber: BPS Aceh", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 199, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Akses dalam Pembuatan Kebijakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 107, "width": 205, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5.1 Pembentukan Lembaga Tradisional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 142, "width": 135, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Pemerintahan Mukim", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 176, "width": 471, "height": 179, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintahan mukim yang pernah berjaya sejak zaman kesultanan, zaman penjajahan dan diawal kemerdekaan. Kembali diakui sejak diberlakukan Undang-Undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2001 tentang Otonomi khusus bagi Propinsi Daerah Istimewa Aceh sebagai Provinsi Aceh dan dipertegas dengan undang undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Bahwa dengan pemberlakuan Otonomi khusus di Provinsi Aceh, mukim sudah dikukuhkan kembali menjadi lembaga pemerintahan dalam sistem penyelenggaraan pemerintahan daerah di Aceh. Mukim adalah kesatuan masyarakat hukum di Aceh yang terdiri dari beberapa gampong yang mempunyai batas wilayah tertentu dan harta kekayaan sendiri, berkedudukan langsung dibawah Kecamatan/Sagoe Cut atau nama lain yang dipimpin oleh Imuem Mukim (Bappeda Aceh,2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 377, "width": 129, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintahan Gampong", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 397, "width": 471, "height": 158, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintah Aceh diberikan kewenangan secara luas dan leluasa untuk menata sistem Pemerintahan Daerah sesuai dengan nilai-nilai luhur masyarakat Aceh sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 tentang Pemerintahan Aceh. Implementasi ketentuan dalam Undang-undang tersebut, sebelumnya telah ditetapkan Qanun (Perda) Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Nomor 5 Tahun 2003 tentang Pemerintahan Gampong. Oleh karena itu di Provinsi Aceh istilah lain dari Desa adalah Gampong. Gampong sebagai kesatuan masyarakat hukum memiliki hak dan kekuasaan dalam mengatur dan mengurus kepentingan masyarakat setempat terutama dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat memiliki peran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 563, "width": 471, "height": 137, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pemerintahan mukim dan gampong yang diharapkan menjadi katalisator masyarakat dalam menyampaikan aspiranya belum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan dalam menyalurkan aspirasi masyarakat dalam hal, hal ini mengakibatkan program-program yang dilakukan dalam upaya mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan di gampong belum berjalan maksimal. Pengangguran dan kemiskinan masih berpusat di gampong, hal ini menggambarkan belum optimalnya peran mukim dan gampong yang merupakan garda terdepan dalam pelaksanaan program pemerintah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 107, "width": 471, "height": 96, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hampir satu dasawarsa implementasi otonomi khusus di Aceh, namun masih saja banyak masalah yang terjadi. Hal ini merupakan tantangan yang harus dipecahkan dan terus dicari jalan keluarnya agar otonomi khusus dapat terwujud seperti apa yang dicita-citakannya. Dari berbagai pustaka yang ditelaah, sebagian besar dari kajian–kajian tersebut mencoba mengatasi persoalan-persoalan tertentu secara spesifik. Misalnya terkait pembangunan ekonomi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 471, "height": 138, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembangunan ekonomi pasca diterapkan Otonomi Khusus belum memberikan dampak seperti yang diharapkan. Mengacu pada berbagai publikasi Badan Pusat Statistik Aceh, sejak tahun 2008 perekonomian Aceh tidak mengalami pertumbuhan yang baik. Jika mengacu pada PDRB Aceh harga berlaku terlihat bahwa sejak tahun 2008 perekonomian Aceh memang pengalami pertumbuhan. Namun jika bercermin kepada PDRB harga konstan terlihat bahwa perekonomian justru bergerak turun. Dengan kata lain inflasi yang terjadi tidak mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Aceh menjadi lebih produktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 383, "width": 471, "height": 96, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penduduk miskin lebih banyak berada di pedesaan dibandingkan wilayah perkotaan. Tahun 2008 jumlah penduduk miskin di pedesaan berjumlah 864.900 jiwa atau sekitar 79,81 persen dari total penduduk miskin dan di perkotaan hanya sebanyak 218.800 jiwa atau 20,19 persen. Proses penurunan jumlah penduduk miskin ternyata relatif tidak diikuti dengan perubahan komposisi sebaran penduduk miskin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 501, "width": 471, "height": 199, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hingga tahun 2014 persentase penduduk miskin pedesaaan relative stabil di kisaran 79 persen dan di perkotaan hanya pada kisaran 20 persen. Selama periode 2008-2014 kesenjangan rata-rata pengeluaran masing-masing penduduk miskin Aceh baik yang berada di perkotaan maupun di pedesaan terhadap garis kemiskinan semakin menurun. Namun demikian, walau memiliki garis kemiskinan yang lebih rendah, penduduk miskin di pedesaan relatif lebih miskin dibandingkan penduduk miskin di perkotaan. Hal ini kedalaman kemiskinan pedesaan di Aceh. Lebih lanjut, penyebaran pengeluaran penduduk miskin terhadap rata-ratanya di perkotaan juga lebih rendah daripada pedesaan. Dengan demikian tingkat kemiskinan di pedesaan lebih beragam dibandingkan perkotaan atau dengan kata lain tingkat keparahan kemiskinan di perdesaan lebih tinggi dibandingkan keparahan kemiskinan di perkotaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 72, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 104, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Askhalani, dkk, Korupsi di Negeri Syariat: Catatan Jaringan GeRAK Aceh , Aceh: GeRAK Aceh, 2009.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 145, "width": 410, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Badrudin, Rudi, Ekonomika Otonomi Daerah , Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YKPN. 2012.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 166, "width": 304, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Boediono, Perekonomian Indonesia , Yogyakarta: BPFE, 1999.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 187, "width": 471, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Departemen Keuangan RI, Usulan Formulasi Dana Alokasi Umum Tahun 2002 , Jakarta:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 207, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Indonesia, 2001.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 228, "width": 447, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Djohan, D, Desentralisasi Asimetrik di Aceh, Jakarta Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, MIPI, 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 249, "width": 471, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Djojosoekarto (ed.), dkk, Grand Strategi Penataan Dsaerah 2025: Bunga Rampai Wacana ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 270, "width": 127, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jakarta: Kemitraan, 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 290, "width": 472, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hendra, Roy, Determinan Kemiskinan Absolut di Kabupaten/Kota Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2005-2007, Tesis 2010.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 332, "width": 447, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kaputra, dkk, Dampak Otonomi Daerah di Indonesia , Jakarta: Yayasan Pustaka Obor, 2013.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 352, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Luthfi, A, Impact of Aceh’s Additional Budget From Special Autonomy Oil-Gas Revenue Sharing Fund to Poverty Reduction in Aceh , Aceh: ICAIOS’s Journal, 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 394, "width": 471, "height": 75, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Masyarah, Harry, dkk, Post-Tsunami Aid Effectiveness in Aceh: Proliferation and Coordination In Reconstruction, The Brookings Global Ekonomi and Developmen t Working Paper Series, Washington D.C.: Wolfensohn Center for Development and The Brookings Institute, 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 477, "width": 471, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mollet, Julius Ary, Special Autonomy and Poverty Reduction Programs in Papua: Does it Work ?,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 497, "width": 224, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Papua: Jurnal Universitas Cendrawasih, 2012.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 518, "width": 471, "height": 54, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Puskapol, Fisip UI Mencari Model Hubungan Pusat Dan Daerah: Refleksi Otonomi Khusus Aceh, Papua, dan Yogyakarta . Working Paper. 23 February 2009 Draft. Pusat Kajian Politik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 471, "height": 55, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Skonieczny, G, dan Torrisi, B, The Influence of Regional Autonomist Government on the Teritory Environmental and Economics Performances, Journal of Enviromental Economics Volume II 2008.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 642, "width": 450, "height": 13, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Todaro, Smith, Pembangunan Ekonomi Edisi Kesembilan , Pearson Education Limited, 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 471, "height": 34, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yosmardin, dkk, Politik Desentralisasi dan Desentralisasi Asimetris , Jakarta, Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, MIPI, 2006.", "type": "Text" } ]

948f691f-ff55-9247-abdb-82ecde58007f

http://ejournal.unikama.ac.id/index.php/JEKO/article/download/788/574

[ { "left": 99, "top": 687, "width": 325, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul Churiyah, adalah Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Malang Windi Wiradani, Pengurus Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 715, "width": 17, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "233", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 109, "width": 361, "height": 43, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG DIPERTIMBANGKAN MUZAKKI DALAM MENYALURKAN ZAKAT MELALUI YAYASAN AMAL SOSIAL ASH SHOHWAH MALANG", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 232, "top": 180, "width": 96, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul Churiyah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 209, "top": 192, "width": 142, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 217, "width": 156, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Windi Wiradani E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 266, "width": 299, "height": 231, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor dan mengetahui faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat. Penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini dilakukan pada muzakki Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang tahun 2011 yang terdiri dari 100 orang. Teknik analisis yang dipakai adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis faktor eksploratori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden memutuskan untuk menyalurkan zakat dengan mempertimbangkan ketiga puluh indikator dalam penelitian ini. Terbentuk 8 faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan muzakki yaitu faktor pelayanan, tempat, orang, distribusi, proses, motivasi, daya tanggap, dan atmosfer. Faktor orang merupakan faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat. Diharapkan manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang dapat meningkatkan kehandalan pegawai, menjaga pelayanan yang baik kepada muzakki, memaksimalkan ragam program dan mempromosikannya lebih gencar serta berupaya untuk mengembangkan lembaga agar wilayah jangkauan penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat menjadi semakin luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 512, "width": 257, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci : zakat, perilaku konsumen, keputusan berzakat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 550, "width": 86, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 574, "width": 361, "height": 108, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perkembangan ekonomi syariah di tanah air menunjukkan indikasi yang menggembirakan dengan ditandai semakin tingginya kesadaran masyarakat tentang perlunya melaksanakan kegiatan ekonomi sesuai dengan syariah termasuk dalam perilaku memberi ( giving behavior ) atau filantropi (kedermawanan). Pasca pemberlakuan UU Nomor 38/1999 tentang Pengelolaan Zakat, eksistensi institusi zakat, baik yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah maupun yang lahir dari inisiatif masyarakat menjadi semakin penting dan strategis. Zakat oleh Qardhawi (1999) didefinisikan sebagai sejumlah harta tertentu yang diwajibkan Allah dan diserahkan kepada orang-orang yang berhak di samping berarti mengeluarkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 234", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 47, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "jumlah tertentu itu sendiri. Terdapat delapan asnaf penerima zakat (mustahik) yang tertulis dalam Al Qur’an surah At Taubah ayat 60, yaitu orang-orang fakir, orang miskin, amil zakat, yang dilunakkan hatinya (mualaf), hamba sahaya, orang yang berhutang, untuk jalan Allah dan orang yang sedang dalam perjalanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 157, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada perkembangannya, pengamalan zakat tidak hanya memenuhi kewajiban semata, tetapi mengarah kepada perkembangan perekonomian Islam. Islam menghadirkan lembaga amil zakat (LAZ) yang berfungsi mengumpulkan dan mendistribusikan zakat kepada yang berhak, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Secara nasional, dana ZISWAF yang berhasil dikumpulkan oleh LAZ meningkat dari 56 miliar rupiah pada tahun 2002 menjadi sekitar 220 miliar rupiah pada tahun 2007. Berarti, secara rata-rata telah terjadi peningkatan sebesar 37% per tahun pada periode 2002-2007 (Mintarti dkk, 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 256, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Loudon dan Bitta dalam Simamora (2002) mendefinisikan perilaku konsumen adalah proses pengambilan keputusan yang mensyaratkan aktifitas individu untuk mengevaluasi, memperoleh, menggunakan, atau mengatur barang dan jasa. Perilaku konsumen merupakan faktor penting untuk mengindikasikan proses pembuatan keputusan dalam pembelian produk. Kotler (2001) menjelaskan bahwa keputusan pembelian konsumen juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor produsen melalui rangsangan pemasaran. (Lupiyoadi dan Hamdani, 2008) menjelaskan bauran pemasaran jasa mencakup 7P: product (meliputi merek dan diferensiasi serta bukti fisik), price , place (meliputi lokasi dan saluran distribusi), promotion , people , process, dan customer service .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 379, "width": 359, "height": 207, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sampai saat ini, belum ada teori yang secara khusus menjelaskan tentang faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat di sebuah lembaga amil zakat. Hamidiyah (2005) menyatakan hasil penelitiannya bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengumpulan ZISWK pada lembaga pengelola zakat di Jakarta, khususnya di Dompet Dhuafa Republika, yakni 75,8% dijelaskan oleh biaya promosi, jumlah jaringan, regulasi serta momen bulan Ramadhan dan Dzulhijjah. Lain halnya dengan penelitian Dahlan (2008) yang menyatakan bahwa faktor yang signifikan mempengaruhi intensitas muzakki menunaikan zakat ke Baitul Maal Masjid An Nur adalah faktor buku tabungan akherat, intensitas kehadiran responden dalam majelis taklim, dan kinerja amil zakat. Sedangkan Ayuniyyah (2011) menemukan enam faktor penting dan memberi kepuasan pada muzaki, yaitu pengeluaran zakat yang sama, informasi yang baik dari pegawai, pegawai yang profesional, proses pengumpulan zakat yang mudah, distribusi zakat, dan sertifikat pemerintah. Dua faktor yang menjadi perhatian lebih adalah faktor daya tarik dari promosi program dan kemampuan dari promosi program untuk memicu keingintahuan muzaki untuk belajar tentang zakat melalui lembaga zakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 588, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yang dijadikan objek penelitian ini merupakan salah satu dari 16 lembaga amil zakat yang tergabung dalam forum sinergi organisasi pengelola zakat se-Malang Raya (Radar Malang, 2011). Lembaga ini berdiri sejak tahun 1994 dan pada 25 Juli 2000 telah membuat akta notaris serta kelengkapannya sebagai Lembaga Amil Zakat (LAZ). Dalam laporan keuangannya tahun 2011, lembaga ini mampu menghimpun dana ZISWAF sebesar 1,7 miliar rupiah. Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui bahwa Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah sangat potensial dalam menghimpun dana zakat dari", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 235", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "masyarakat kota Malang dan berpotensi untuk bisa menjaring muzakki lebih banyak lagi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 136, "width": 361, "height": 46, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan persepsi muzakki, mengeksplorasi faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki, dan mengetahui faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 210, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 234, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif karena penelitian ini menggambarkan, mencatat, menganalisis, serta menginterpretasikan data dari faktor-faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki dan secara umum data tersaji dalam bentuk angka-angka yang dihitung dengan uji statistik. Lokasi penelitian adalah Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yang terletak di Jl. Papa Kuning III No. 3 Malang. Populasinya adalah muzakki yayasan tahun 2011 sejumlah 1.555 orang. Dengan teknik proportional stratified random sampling , yaitu cara pengambilan sampel dari anggota populasi yang memiliki strata (Arikunto, 2006) diperoleh sampel 94 responden, yang selanjutnya digenapkan menjadi 100 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 357, "width": 361, "height": 84, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber data dalam penelitian ini yaitu data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner tertutup yang di dalamnya terdapat 30 pertanyaan untuk memperoleh informasi dari responden yang sudah memenuhi uji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis faktor eksploratori. Berdasarkan hubungan antar variabel secara teoritis, dapat dibuat rancangan eksploratori dalam bentuk gambar sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 638, "width": 183, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 1. Rancangan Eksploratori", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 670, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 99, "top": 684, "width": 191, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X 1-3 = variabel yang membentuk faktor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 465, "width": 193, "height": 155, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e 1 F 1 X 2 e 2 e 3 e n F n X 1 X 3 X n", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 236", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 358, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "X n = variabel ke-n F 1 = faktor yang mungkin dapat dibentuk F n = faktor ke-n e 1-3 = sisa varians yang tak terjelaskan oleh variabel laten yang disebabkan oleh kesalahan pengukuran, alat ukur, dan pemilihan sampel e n = sisa varians ke-n", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 214, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 138, "top": 238, "width": 361, "height": 207, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua indikator dalam penelitian ini yang terdiri dari 30 indikator, yaitu 1) pelayanan lembaga yang cepat, 2) pelayanan lembaga yang mudah, 3) pelayanan lembaga sesuai harapan, 4) pelayanan lembaga konsisten ke semua muzakki, 5) pengelolaan lembaga yang profesional, 6) program lembaga yang beragam, 7) daerah distribusi zakat yang luas, 8) transparansi pengelolaan program yang baik, 9) transparansi laporan keuangan yang jelas, 10) adanya layanan jemput zakat, 11) kemudahan transaksi zakat melalui rekening, 12) ketersediaan informasi yang lengkap bagi muzakki, 13) perhatian lembaga secara personal dengan muzakki, 14) nama lembaga yang terpercaya, 15) nama lembaga yang terkenal, 16) lokasi mudah dijangkau, 17) lokasi strategis, 18) fasilitas lembaga yang memadai, 19) rahasia muzakki terjamin, 20) banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga, 21) promosi yang dilakukan lembaga, 22) suasana kantor yang nyaman, 23) suasana kantor yang islami, 24) dorongan keluarga, 25) dorongan teman, 26) tanggapan kritik, 27) tanggapan saran, 28) pegawai yang handal, 29) pegawai yang ramah, 30) pegawai yang sopan, disetujui dan dipersepsi dengan cukup baik oleh muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 459, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Distribusi frekuensi dari seluruh indikator tersebut bisa dilihat pada Tabel 1 di bawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 497, "width": 294, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1. Distribusi Frekuensi Seluruh Indikator No. Interval Kriteria Frekuensi % f 1. 82 – 94 Tidak setuju 8 8 2. 95 – 107 Kurang setuju 27 27 3. 108 – 120 Cukup setuju 39 39 4. 121 – 133 Setuju 16 16 5. 134 – 146 Sangat setuju 10 10 Jumlah 100 100", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 614, "width": 361, "height": 59, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 1 di atas menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden menjawab cukup setuju artinya sebagian besar responden menyatakan cukup setuju keputusan berzakatnya mempertimbangkan ketiga puluh indikator dalam penelitian ini. Dengan kata lain, semua indikator dalam penelitian ini disetujui dan dipersepsi dengan cukup baik oleh responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 237", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terbentuk delapan faktor yang dipertimbangkan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, seperti tampak pada Tabel 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 161, "width": 409, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Rotasi Indikator No . Indikator Faktor Eigen Value Muatan Faktor Persentas e Varians Kumulati f 1. Pelayanan yang cepat (X1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 253, "top": 275, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pelayanan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 320, "top": 220, "width": 135, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "11.156 .717 37.187", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 108, "top": 239, "width": 403, "height": 175, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "37.187 Pelayanan yang mudah (X2) .874 Pelayanan sesuai harapan (X3) .755 Pelayanan yang konsisten (X4) .672 Pelayanan yang profesional (X5) .596 Ketersediaan informasi (X12) .463 2. Nama lembaga yang terpercaya (X14)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 259, "top": 404, "width": 35, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tempat", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 373, "width": 130, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.659 .401 8.865", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 108, "top": 393, "width": 403, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "46.052 Nama lembaga yang terkenal (X15) .630 Lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau (X16) .848 Lokasi lembaga yang strategis (X17) .871 Fasilitas lembaga yang memadai (X18) .550 3. Rahasia sebagai muzakki terjamin (X19)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 262, "top": 545, "width": 29, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Orang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 326, "top": 501, "width": 130, "height": 49, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1.870 .460 6.232", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 108, "top": 521, "width": 403, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "52.284 Pegawainya yang handal (X28) .482 Pegawainya yang ramah (X29) .933 Pegawainya yang sopan (X30) .935 4.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 130, "top": 598, "width": 326, "height": 71, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Program lembaga yang beragam (X6) Distribusi 1.773 .691 5.909", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 130, "top": 623, "width": 381, "height": 62, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "58.193 Daerah distribusi zakat yang luas (X7) .805 Adanya layanan jemput zakat (X10) .476 Perhatian lembaga secara .335", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 156, "top": 86, "width": 205, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 15, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "238", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 109, "width": 402, "height": 280, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "personal (X13) Banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga (X20) .546 5. Transparansi pengelolaan program baik (X8) Proses 1.255 .774 4.183 62.376 Transparansi laporan keuangan jelas (X9) .738 Promosi lembaga (X21) .546 6. Dorongan keluarga (X24) Motivasi 1.165 .796 3.884 66.260 Dorongan teman (X25) .846 7. Kemudahan transaksi lewat rekening (X11) Daya Tanggap 1.107 .463 3.690 69.950 Adanya tanggapan kritik (X26) .753 Adanya tanggapan saran (X27) .781 8. Suasana kantor yang nyaman (X22) Atmosfer 1.032 .712 3.439 73.388 Suasana kantor yang Islami (X23) .615", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 138, "top": 406, "width": 361, "height": 145, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor pertama adalah faktor pelayanan dengan eigenvalue sebesar 11,156 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 37,187% yang terdiri dari enam indikator, yaitu pelayanan lembaga yang cepat (0,717), pelayanan lembaga yang mudah (0,874), pelayanan lembaga sesuai harapan (0,755), pelayanan lembaga yang konsisten (0,672), pengelolaan lembaga yang profesional (0,596), dan ketersediaan informasi yang lengkap (0,463). Teori yang dikemukakan oleh Kotler (1998:476) menjelaskan bahwa “pelayanan adalah setiap tindakan atau unjuk kerja yang ditawarkan oleh salah satu pihak kepada pihak lain yang secara prinsip intangible dan tidak menyebabkan perpindahan kepemilikan apapun. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada empat indikator bermuatan faktor besar yang merupakan bagian dari pelayanan yakni pelayanan lembaga yang cepat, pelayanan lembaga yang mudah, pelayanan lembaga sesuai harapan, dan pelayanan lembaga yang konsisten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 553, "width": 361, "height": 133, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam dunia pemasaran baik barang maupun jasa, pelayanan sangatlah memegang peranan penting dalam meraih kepuasan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan sesuai dengan keinginan mereka menjadi hal yang prioritas bagi para pemilik usaha. Keunggulan pelayanan Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yakni mempunyai aturan yang tertuang dalam SOP lembaga dalam melayani semua muzakkinya. Kecepatan pegawai ketika menyambut muzakki yang datang ke kantor maupun yang minta dijemput zakatnya, pelayanan yang mudah dengan tidak adanya syarat apapun untuk menjadi muzakki lembaga ini, pegawai yang mampu melayani muzakki sesuai dengan harapan mereka dalam hal pengalokasian zakat, pengelolaan lembaga secara profesional yang dapat terlihat dari terstandarnya prosedur pelaksanaan program-program lembaga dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 239", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 84, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kinerja lainnya yang sesuai dengan kode etik lembaga zakat, dan ketersediaan informasi yang jelas dan menyeluruh terkait program lembaga maupun hal-hal tentang perzakatan merupakan kunci pokok yang harus dilakukan pegawai demi kepuasan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui lembaga ini. Penelitian ini mendukung penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Nurmanita dan Sugiharto (2006) dengan hasil bahwa faktor pelayanan dan keamanan menjadi pertimbangan utama nasabah pada saat memilih BTN Syariah dengan kontribusi sebesar 35,779%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 197, "width": 362, "height": 133, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor kedua adalah faktor tempat dengan eigenvalue sebesar 2,659 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 8,865%, terdiri dari lima indikator, yaitu nama lembaganya yang terpercaya (0,401), nama lembaganya yang terkenal (0,630), lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau (0,848), lokasi lembaga yang strategis (0,871), dan fasilitas lembaga yang memadai (0,550). Kotler (2001) berpendapat bahwa rangsangan pemasaran dapat mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Faktor tempat merupakan salah satu elemen dari bauran pemasaran jasa sehingga faktor ini turut memberikan pengaruh pada keputusan pembelian konsumen. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada dua indikator yang nilai muatan faktornya tinggi dan merupakan bagian dari tempat, yakni lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau dan lokasi lembaga yang strategis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 333, "width": 361, "height": 120, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam persaingan pemasaran yang ketat seperti sekarang ini, penentuan tempat mempunyai pengaruh yang cukup signifikan. Sebab dengan penentuan tempat yang tepat maka target pencapaian lembaga akan dapat diraih. Di sisi lain, tempat yang tepat menjadi tujuan tersendiri dari suatu lembaga seperti pernyataan Al Arif (2010:131) bahwa tujuan penentuan lokasi dan ruangan adalah untuk mendukung keunggulan sumber daya manusia serta sistem yang dimiliki oleh lembaga. Terkait dengan tempat beroperasinya Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, lembaga ini mempunyai lokasi yang cukup strategis dan mudah dijangkau. Lembaga ini berada di daerah perumahan yang letaknya dekat dengan tengah kota sehingga transportasi yang digunakan untuk mencapai kantor tidak sulit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 455, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor ketiga adalah faktor orang dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,870 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 6,232%, terdiri dari empat indikator, yaitu rahasia muzakki terjamin (0,460), pegawai yang handal (0,482), pegawai yang ramah (0,933), dan pegawai yang sopan (0,935). Kotler (2001) menjelaskan bahwa rangsangan pemasaran dapat mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen. Faktor orang merupakan salah satu elemen dari bauran pemasaran jasa sehingga faktor ini turut memberikan pengaruh pada keputusan pembelian konsumen. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada tiga indikator yang merupakan bagian dari salah satu bauran pemasaran jasa yakni orang, meliputi pegawai yang handal, pegawai yang ramah, dan pegawai yang sopan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 579, "width": 362, "height": 108, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada sebagian besar perusahaan jasa, karyawan perusahaan ( people ) merupakan elemen vital dalam bauran pemasaran. Arief (2007:98) berpendapat, dalam hubungannya dengan pemasaran jasa, people yang berfungsi sebagai service provider sangat mempengaruhi kualitas jasa yang diberikan. Dengan demikian, maka dapat mendorong people dalam kinerja memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen. Dalam hubungannya dengan Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, pegawai yang handal yakni tugas masing-masing posisi dipegang oleh pegawai lembaga yang sesuai dengan keahliannya dan mampu menjalankan tugasnya dengan baik, pegawai yang ramah ditandai dengan perkataan pegawai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 240", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "yang lemah lembut dan selalu senyum di saat melayani muzakki. Pegawai yang sopan terlihat dari tingkah laku pegawai yang santun di saat melayani muzakki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 133, "width": 361, "height": 206, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam Islam, kewajiban dan penunaian hak sesama muslim sangatlah diperhatikan. Dengan demikian, sudah sepantasnya jika para pegawai di lembaga zakat berkelakuan sesuai dengan tuntunan agama. Selain itu, dalam hal strategi bauran pemasaran ( marketing mix ), lembaga pengelola zakat harus mampu memastikan bahwa pegawainya ( people ) amanah dalam bekerja. Faktor keempat adalah faktor distribusi dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,773 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 5,909% yang terdiri dari lima indikator, yaitu program lembaga yang beragam (0,691), daerah distribusi zakat yang luas (0,805), adanya layanan jemput zakat (0,476), perhatian lembaga secara personal (0,335), dan banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga (0,546). Tjiptono (1997:185) menjelaskan “pendistribusian sebagai kegiatan pemasaran yang berusaha memperlancar dan mempermudah penyampaian barang dan jasa dari produsen kepada konsumen, sehingga penggunaannya sesuai dengan yang diperlukan (jenis, jumlah, harga, tempat dan saat dibutuhkan)”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada indikator yang memiliki nilai muatan faktor tertinggi yakni daerah distribusi zakat yang luas. Besarnya nilai muatan faktor ini mengindikasikan bahwa daerah distribusi zakat yang luas memiliki korelasi yang paling erat dengan faktor distribusi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 342, "width": 361, "height": 145, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Daerah distribusi zakat yang luas oleh Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pertimbangan keputusan berzakat muzakki. Hal ini wajar mengingat jangkauan penyaluran zakat lembaga yang hampir merata khususnya di wilayah kota dan kabupaten Malang serta daerah- daerah lain yang mempunyai jaringan dengannya. Dalam perkembangannya, kini pendistribusian zakat tidak hanya diarahkan pada pola konsumsif saja, akan tetapi juga diarahkan pada pola yang produktif, misalnya bantuan pinjaman modal usaha dan pembelanjaan sarana usaha, pelatihan kewirausahaan dan manajemen usaha, dan bantuan pengembangan jaringan usaha. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ayuniyyah (2011) dengan hasil bahwa faktor distribusi zakat merupakan salah satu dari enam faktor penting dan yang memberi kepuasan pada muzakki lembaga zakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 490, "width": 361, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor kelima adalah faktor proses dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,255 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 4,183%, terdiri dari tiga indikator, yaitu transparansi pengelolaan programnya baik (0,774), transparansi laporan keuangannya jelas (0,738), dan promosi yang dilakukan lembaga (0,546). Shostack (dalam Payne, 2000:212) menyatakan “proses merupakan unsur yang dapat dikelola untuk membantu perusahaan guna mencapai posisi yang diharapkan”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan dua indikator yang merupakan bagian dari bauran pemasaran jasa yakni proses, meliputi transparansi pengelolaan programnya baik dan transparansi laporan keuangannya jelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 600, "width": 361, "height": 84, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pada industri jasa, proses produksi sering kali lebih penting daripada hasilnya karena terjadi interaksi langsung antara produsen yang melakukan proses produksi dengan konsumen yang mengonsumsi jasa, sehingga berjalannya proses ini dapat digunakan konsumen sebagai bukti untuk menilai kualitas suatu jasa yakni ketika merasakan proses dalam operasi jasa tersebut. Terkait dengan kinerja dari Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, proses transparansi pengelolaan programnya yang baik terlihat dari lengkapnya laporan kegiatan dari setiap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 241", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 59, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "program yang telah terlaksana sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban penggunaan dana zakat kepada muzakki. Selain itu, transparansi laporan keuangannya yang jelas terlihat dari rutinnya laporan pemasukan dan pengeluaran keuangan yang tercantum dalam majalah bulanan yayasan sebagai bentuk pelaporan dana zakat kepada muzakki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 172, "width": 361, "height": 146, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kinerja dan kapasitas Organisasi Pengelola Zakat (OPZ) yang terukur akan dapat tercapai dengan adanya kerjasama yang baik antara staf dan manajemen dalam upaya memperkuat kelembagaan demi kesuksesan implementasi seluruh program yang telah direncanakan. Dalam membangun kapasitas tersebut juga diperlukan akuntabilitas dalam hal keuangan. Dengan banyaknya dana yang diterima dari muzakki, laporan pertanggungjawaban harus semakin akuntabel dan transparan. Dengan demikian, muzakki akan lebih loyal dan percaya bahwa lembaga tersebut mampu menjalankan amanah sebagai amil dengan baik dan profesional. Temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitian Ayuniyyah (2011) yang memperoleh hasil bahwa faktor proses pengumpulan zakat yang mudah merupakan salah satu dari enam faktor penting dan yang memberi kepuasan pada muzaki lembaga zakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 320, "width": 362, "height": 84, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor keenam adalah faktor motivasi dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,165 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 3,884%, terdiri dari dua indikator, yaitu dorongan keluarga (0,796) dan dorongan teman (0,846). Menurut Kotler (2001:215), “motivasi adalah kebutuhan yang mendorong seseorang secara kuat untuk mencari kepuasan atas kebutuhan tersebut”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada kedua indikator yang semuanya merupakan pemicu motivasi seseorang yakni dorongan keluarga dan dorongan teman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 406, "width": 361, "height": 146, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kedua indikator dalam faktor motivasi ini merupakan sarana mengajak yang efektif sehingga mampu memotivasi muzakki untuk menggunakan jasa penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat yang ditawarkan oleh Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah. Dorongan keluarga tercermin dari ajakan anggota keluarga yang sudah berzakat melalui lembaga ini kemudian percaya dan merasa puas sehingga ia merekomendasikan kepada anggota keluarganya yang lain. Sedangkan dorongan teman yakni ajakan teman kantor, teman kuliah, tetangga, maupun teman di lingkungan lain yang sudah berzakat melalui lembaga ini kemudian percaya dan merasa puas sehingga ia merekomendasikan kepada teman-temannya yang lain. Penelitian ini mendukung penelitian Tameme dan Asutay yang diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor motivasi pihak ketiga merupakan salah satu dari faktor yang dipertimbangkan masyarakat tertarik pada pegadaian islami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 554, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor ketujuh adalah faktor daya tanggap dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,107 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 3,690% yang terdiri dari tiga indikator, yaitu kemudahan transaksi zakat melalui rekening (0,463), adanya tanggapan kritik (0,753), dan adanya tanggapan saran (0,781). Menurut Al Arif (2010:204) “sistem keluhan dan saran digunakan untuk mengukur kepuasan konsumen. Informasi ini dapat memungkinkan perusahaan mengantisipasi dan cepat tanggap terhadap kritik dan saran tersebut, konsumen akan menilai kecepatan dan ketanggapan perusahaan dalam menangani kritik dan saran yang diberikan”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan adanya dua indikator yang merupakan bagian dari daya tanggap yakni adanya tanggapan kritik dan adanya tanggapan saran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 242", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 133, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ketanggapan dalam pemberian layanan jasa sangat mempengaruhi persepsi pelanggan dalam membentuk citra suatu perusahaan. Ketika pelanggan mendapati keluhannya ditanggapi dengan cepat dan serius, maka ia akan menilai baik perusahaan tersebut. Sebaliknya, ketika tidak ditanggapi sebagaimana mestinya, maka pelanggan tersebut menilai buruk perusahaan dan dapat dipastikan ia akan beralih kepada yang lain. Dalam salah satu studi mengenai SERVQUAL oleh Parasuraman (1988:23), daya tanggap merupakan salah satu dimensi yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan. Dalam hubungannya dengan Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, adanya tanggapan kritik dan saran tercermin dari cepat tanggapnya pegawai dalam menangani kritik dan saran yang diberikan dari muzakki baik langsung maupun melalui telepon demi kebaikan lembaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 243, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Faktor kedelapan adalah faktor atmosfer dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,032 dan nilai persentase varians sebesar 3,439%, terdiri dari dua indikator, yaitu suasana kantor yang nyaman (0,712) dan suasana kantor yang islami (0,615). Utami (2008:239) menyatakan “penciptaan suasana ( atmospherics ) berarti desain lingkungan melalui komunikasi visual, pencahayaan, warna, musik, dan wangi- wangian untuk merancang respon emosional dan persepsi pelanggan dan untuk mempengaruhi pelanggan dalam membeli barang”. Penamaan faktor ini didasarkan pada kedua indikator yang merupakan bagian dari faktor atmosfer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 342, "width": 361, "height": 158, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam keputusan pembelian konsumen, seringkali atmosfer menjadi salah satu faktor penguat bagi penjual untuk mengikat hati konsumen agar berlama-lama berada di tempatnya sehingga dapat memungkinkan konsumen melakukan pembelian lebih dari yang dibutuhkan. Seperti halnya pendapat Mowen & Minor (2002:139) bahwa atmosfer (suasana) mempengaruhi sejauh mana konsumen menghabiskan uang di luar tingkat yang direncanakan. Suasana kantor Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang yang nyaman terlihat dari desain kantor yang bagus, teratur rapi dan enak dipandang serta tidak bising oleh suara-suara yang mengganggu sehingga membuat betah muzakki untuk berlama-lama berada di sana. Selain itu, suasana islami terlihat dari pegawai yang semuanya berpakaian rapi menutup aurat, tata ruang yang baik sehingga tidak bercampur baur antara laki-laki dan perempuan, alunan nasyid islami menyertai, serta hiasan kantor yang serasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 502, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lembaga amil zakat selain berperan sebagai lembaga pengumpul dan mendistribusikan dana zakat dari masyarakat muslim, ia juga berfungsi sebagai syiar Islam. Lingkungan suatu lembaga islami secara tidak langsung akan mencerminkan bagaimana Islam itu sendiri. Oleh karenanya, setiap lembaga amil zakat perlu untuk menciptakan kondisi dan suasana lingkungan kantor yang sesuai dengan syariat demi citra baik Islam di mata masyarakat. Penelitian ini sejalan dengan penelitian Gerrard dan Cunningham (1997) dengan hasil bahwa faktor suasana merupakan faktor utama yang dipertimbangkan masyarakat muslim dan non-muslim dalam memilih bank Islam dengan kontribusi sebesar 21,8% masyarakat muslim dan 29,1% non-muslim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 625, "width": 361, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Uraian dari faktor-faktor yang terbentuk jika digambarkan akan tampak seperti Gambar 2 berikut ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 243", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 99, "top": 111, "width": 361, "height": 463, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Faktor Pelayanan Pelayanan yang cepat (0,717) Pelayanan yang mudah (0,874) Pelayanan sesuai harapan (0,755) Pelayanan yang konsisten (0,672) Pelayanan yang profesional (0,596) Ketersediaan informasi (0,463) 2. Faktor Tempat Nama lembaga yang terpercaya (0,401) Nama lembaga yang terkenal (0,630) Lokasi lembaga yang mudah dijangkau (0,848) Lokasi lembaga yang strategis (0,871) Fasilitas lembaga yang memadai (0,550) 3. Faktor Orang Rahasia sebagai muzakki terjamin (0,460) Pegawainya yang handal (0,482) Pegawainya yang ramah (0,933) Pegawainya yang sopan (0,935) 4. Faktor Distribusi Program lembaga yang beragam (0,691) Daerah distribusi zakat yang luas (0,805) Adanya layanan jemput zakat (0,476) Perhatian lembaga secara personal (0,335) Banyaknya mitra kerja lembaga (0,546) 5. Faktor Proses Transparansi pengelolaan program baik (0,774) Transparansi laporan keuangan jelas (0,738) Promosi lembaga (0,546) 6. Faktor Motivasi Dorongan keluarga (0,796) Dorongan teman (0,846) 7. Faktor Daya Tanggap Kemudahan transaksi zakat lewat rekening (0,463) Adanya tanggapan kritik (0,753) Adanya tanggapan saran (0,781) 8. Faktor Atmosfer Suasana kantor yang nyaman (0,712) Suasana kantor yang Islami (0,615)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 589, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gambar 2. Faktor yang Terbentuk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 613, "width": 361, "height": 72, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor orang merupakan faktor yang dominan dipertimbangkan oleh responden dibandingkan dengan ketujuh faktor lainnya. Penentuan faktor yang dominan didasarkan pada nilai rata-rata dari muatan faktor pada tiap-tiap faktor (Parasuraman et al , 1988). Melalui perbandingan nilai rata-rata muatan faktor dari indikator pada tiap-tiap faktor, maka faktor orang dipilih menjadi faktor yang dominan dalam pertimbangan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 86, "width": 223, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MODERNISASI, Volume 8, Nomor 3, Oktober 2012 244", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 108, "width": 361, "height": 145, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "keputusan berzakat muzakki karena faktor ini memiliki nilai rata-rata muatan faktor tertinggi dibanding ketujuh faktor lainnya yakni sebesar 0,935. Dengan eigenvalue sebesar 1,870 faktor orang memberikan kontribusi sebesar 6,232% dari pertimbangan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang. Dengan kata lain, faktor ini mampu menjelaskan keragaman keputusan pembelian konsumen sebesar 1,870 dari keragaman total sebesar 30 atau sebesar 6,232% dari keragaman total. Indikator yang terdapat dalam faktor ini yakni pegawainya yang sopan yang memiliki nilai muatan faktor sebesar 0,935. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa korelasi antara indikator pegawainya yang sopan dengan faktor orang tergolong kuat. Besarnya kontribusi dari faktor ini perlu menjadi perhatian lebih dari pihak manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang maupun para pelaku usaha lainnya di bidang jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 256, "width": 361, "height": 121, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sebagai lembaga penyedia jasa, pihak manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah perlu menyadari peran penting yang dilakukan oleh para pegawainya dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada para muzakki. Muzakki akan merasa puas dan memiliki pandangan yang positif apabila para pegawai Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah mampu memberikan pelayanan dengan sikap yang baik dan sopan dalam penyampaian jasa mereka. Bidang jasa penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat terkait dengan keyakinan muzakki terhadap kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh para pegawai penyedia jasanya, apabila muzakki sudah merasa yakin dengan pegawai penyedia jasa, maka besar kemungkinan akan memutuskan untuk menggunakan jasa tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 379, "width": 361, "height": 170, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akan tetapi, bekal kesopanan pegawai saja belumlah cukup untuk menjadikan muzakki loyal terhadap suatu lembaga zakat. Kehandalan pegawai juga turut berperan dalam menumbuhkan kepercayaan muzakki terhadap reputasi lembaga. Arief (2007:98) dalam hubungannya dengan pemasaran jasa, “ people yang berfungsi sebagai service provider sangat mempengaruhi kualitas jasa yang diberikan. Keputusan dalam people ini sangat berarti sehubungan dengan seleksi, training , motivasi, dan manajemen sumber daya manusia. Tujuan adanya hubungan tersebut adalah untuk mendorong people dalam kinerja memberikan kepuasan kepada konsumen”. Dengan kata lain, sikap baik yang dimiliki oleh seseorang, dalam hal ini pegawai lembaga zakat, belumlah cukup jika tidak ditunjang dengan kehandalannya dalam melakukan pekerjaannya. Karena pegawai yang melayani langsung muzakki, maka mereka harus bisa tampil meyakinkan dan memberikan kontribusi besar dalam pengambilan keputusan muzakki untuk berzakat di lembaganya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 551, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut klasifikasi hubungan dan pengaruh orang terhadap konsumen yang dikemukakan oleh Lupiyoadi dan Hamdani (2008:75), dalam bidang jasa lembaga zakat, peran pegawai terhadap muzakkinya adalah contractors. Makna contractors dalam hal ini adalah orang yang berinteraksi langsung dengan konsumen dalam frekuensi yang cukup sering dan sangat mempengaruhi keputusan konsumen untuk membeli. Jadi, hal ini menjadi alasan penguat dari besarnya kontribusi faktor orang dalam pertimbangan keputusan berzakat muzakki melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 86, "width": 281, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Madziatul C dan Windi W, Faktor-Faktor yang Dipertimbangkan... 245", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 124, "width": 75, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 148, "width": 361, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Melalui teknik analisis statistik deskriptif, diperoleh hasil sebagian besar responden menyatakan cukup setuju keputusan berzakatnya mempertimbangkan semua indikator dalam penelitian ini. Melalui teknik analisis faktor, diperoleh delapan faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan muzakki dalam menyalurkan zakat melalui Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang, yaitu faktor pelayanan, tempat, orang, distribusi, proses, motivasi, daya tanggap, dan atmosfer. Dari delapan faktor yang terbentuk, faktor orang merupakan faktor yang dominan dengan nilai rata-rata muatan faktor sebesar 0,935.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 246, "width": 362, "height": 146, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Saran bagi manajemen Yayasan Amal Sosial Ash Shohwah Malang perlu meningkatkan kehandalan pegawai misalnya dengan mengadakan pelatihan ( training ), menjaga pelayanan yang baik kepada muzakki dengan cara menyenangkan muzakki disertai kemudahan-kemudahan dan berupaya untuk memenuhi segala kebutuhan mereka, ragam program lembaga juga perlu dimaksimalkan dan dipromosikan lebih gencar misalnya melalui media televisi dan radio, berupaya untuk mengembangkan lembaga agar wilayah jangkauan penghimpunan dan penyaluran zakat menjadi semakin luas. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya dapat melakukan penelitian dengan metode dan analisis yang sama di lembaga zakat lainnya atau melanjutkan penelitian ini dengan menggunakan analisis yang berbeda misalnya meneliti delapan faktor hasil penelitian ini terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 419, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 443, "width": 283, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Al Qur’an dan Terjemahnya . Bandung: PT Syaamil Cipta Media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 461, "width": 362, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Al Arif, M.N.R. 2010. Dasar-dasar Pemasaran Bank Syariah . Bandung: Penerbit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 474, "width": 42, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alfabeta.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 492, "width": 362, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arief, Mts. 2007. Pemasaran Jasa dan Kualitas Pelayanan . Malang: Bayumedia Publishing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 522, "width": 361, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Arikunto, S. 2006. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktis. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 553, "width": 364, "height": 47, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ayuniyyah, Q. 2011. Factors Affecting Zakat Payment Through Institution of Amil: Muzaki’s Perspectives Analysis (Case Study of Badan Amil Zakat Nasional [BAZNAS]). 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893259a0-dc83-4d41-2d84-266c06417883

https://japendi.publikasiindonesia.id/index.php/japendi/article/download/2414/1190

[ { "left": 337, "top": 42, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 56, "width": 196, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN : 2745-7141 e-ISSN : 2746-1920", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 331, "top": 56, "width": 149, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 787, "width": 154, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.59141/japendi.v4i11.2414", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 468, "top": 787, "width": 25, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1263", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 410, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivitas E-Book Interaktif pada Topik Pemanasan Global untuk Melatihkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Peserta Didik Tingkat SMA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 127, "width": 290, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah 1 , Dadi Rusdiana 2 , Hera Novia 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 140, "width": 305, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Indonesia 1,2,3 [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 INFO ARTIKEL", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 171, "width": 61, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 196, "width": 120, "height": 306, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : E-Book Interaktif; Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis; Pemanasan Global Keywords: Interactive E- Book; critical thinking skills; Global Warming", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 196, "width": 291, "height": 237, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian terhadap efektivitas e-book interaktif untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis perlu dilakukan sebagai bagian dari penelitian pengembangan e-book interaktif secara utuh. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi kebutuhkan sumber belajar yang terintegrasi dengan program belajar mandiri yang dapat melatihkan peserta didik untuk berpikir kritis. Sebagaimana keterampilan abad ke-21 yang harus dimiliki oleh peserta didik yang dipersiapkan untuk menjadi decisions maker ber-literasi sains di masa depan. Analisis efektivitas e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan dilakukan melalui implementasi dengan control group pre-test post-test design yang melibatkan 32 peserta didik. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model penelitian dan pengembangan ADDIE (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). Hasil implementasi menunjukkan rata-rata ukuran peningkatan pada kontrol sebesar 0,40, sedangkan rata-rata ukuran peningkatan kelas eksperimen sebesar 0,53. Ukuran kekuatan dampak penggunaan e-book interaktif dibandingkan dengan penggunaan modul ditunjukkan oleh nilai effect size sebesar 0,73 yang berada pada kategori cukup berdampak.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 448, "width": 64, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 227, "top": 461, "width": 291, "height": 149, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research on the effectiveness of interactive e-books to practice critical thinking skills needs to be carried out as part of research into the development of interactive e-books as a whole. This research is motivated by the need for learning resources that are integrated with independent learning programs that can train students to think critically. As 21st century skills that must be possessed by students who are prepared to become decisions makers with science literacy in the future. Analysis of the effectiveness of the interactive e-book developed was carried out through implementation with a control group pre-test post-test design involving 32 learners. The development method used is the ADDIE research and development model (analysis, design,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 613, "width": 291, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "development, implementation, and evaluation). The implementation results showed an average size increase in controls of 0.40, while the average size of the experiment class increase was 0.53. The measure of the strength of the impact of using interactive e-books compared to the use of modules is shown by the value of effect size of 0.73 which is in the category of quite impactful.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 227, "top": 701, "width": 142, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Author: Haura Fauziyyah Halilah Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1264", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 102, "width": 420, "height": 106, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam rangka membentuk generasi pemimpin dan decisions maker ber-literasi sains, maka diperlukan pembelajaran yang fleksibel dan bermakna termasuk pada pembelajaran fisika (DONE, 2020). Akan tetapi, banyak hal yang diperlu diperhatikan dalam menciptakan pembelajaran demikian. Pembenahan dalam pembelajaran fisika yang perlu dilakukan adalah penentuan tujuan pembelajaran fisika yang sesuai dengan jenjang pendidikan serta kurikulum yang relevan dengan tantangan yang akan dihadapi oleh peserta didik pada zamannya (DONE, 2020) (Yuniastuti et al., 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 213, "width": 420, "height": 59, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Istilah keterampilan abad ke-21 merujuk pada keterampilan yang perlu dimiliki peserta didik dalam menghadapi tantangan abad ke-21 (Binkley et al., 2012). Keterampilan abad ke-21 adalah keterampilan berpikir kritis yang merupakan bagian dari keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 276, "width": 420, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keterampilan berpikir kritis merujuk pada keterampilan peserta didik dalam menggunakan berbagai metode dan menerapakan teknik-teknik baru dalam memecahkan suatu permasalahan (Gunawan, 2019). Keterampilan berpikir kritis juga merujuk pada berpikir reflektif untuk menentukan apa yang harus dilakukan atau apa yang harus dipercayai (R. H. Ennis, 2015). Keterampilan berpikir kritis merupakan hasil yang tumbuh dan berkembang secara alami melalui pengajaran atau pelatihan (Putranta & Wilujeng, 2019) (Neswary & Prahani, 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 388, "width": 420, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya menumbuhkan keterampilan berpikir kritis pada peserta didik, perlu ditentukan pendekatan pembelajaran yang sesuai. Menurut (Tiruneh et al., 2018), dalam melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat melalui pendekatan infusion atau immersion . Pendekatan infusion , peserta didik mendapatkan pelatihan mengenai domain-domain keterampilan berpikir kritis secara eksplisit. Sedangkan pada pendekatan immersion, pelatihan domain-domain keterampilan berpikir kritis dilakukan melalui susunan aktivitas yang dirancang sedemikian rupa tanpa pelatihan secara eksplisit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 514, "width": 419, "height": 107, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Ennis, keterampilan berpikir kritis dapat diklasifikasi dalam enam kelompok yaitu basic clarification, inference, advanced clarification, two bases for a decision, supposition and integration, dan auxiliary abilities. Pada penelitian ini, implementasi dilakukan dalam waktu yang cukup singkat apabila melatihkan seluruh aspek keterampilan berpikir kritis. Oleh karena itu, keterampilan berpikir kritis yang dilatihkan berfokus pada aspek basic clarification, inference, dan advanced clarification (R. Ennis, 2011) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 623, "width": 420, "height": 125, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Siswa ideal” yang peduli pada kebenaran dari apa yang diyakininya, mampu mengambil keputusan dengan baik, memahami situasi, dan mampu memahami berbagai sudut pandang, serta menunjukkan dan menarik kesimpulan Ennis, Maka, jika siswa berprestasi baik dalam pembelajaran selanjutnya, mereka akan mampu melakukan penjelasan dasar (mempersempit fokus, mengkritisi argumen, dan menganalisis pertanyaan), inferensi (menarik kesimpulan berdasarkan situasi), dan selanjutnya klarifikasi lanjutan (membuat definisi dan asumsi). Berdasarkan tiga aspek KBK yang menjadi fokus keterampilan berpikir kritis pada penelitian ini, ditentukan dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1265", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 420, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dikembangkan indikatornya untuk mempermudah mengembangkan instrumen tes (Tabel 1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 120, "width": 409, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis (R. Ennis, 2011). No. Aspek KBK Indikator KBK 1 Klarifikasi Dasar 1. Focus on a question 2. Menganalisis argumen 3. Menanya atau menjawab pertanyaan menantang 2 Inference 1. Deduce and judge deduction 2. Make material inferences 3. Make and judge value judgments 3 Klarifikasi Lanjutan 1. Define terms and judge definitions, using appropriate criteria 2. Attribute unstated assumptions", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 277, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 291, "width": 424, "height": 249, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian pengembangan ini secara keseluruhan adalah menghasilkan e-book interaktif pada topik pemanasan global yang mampu melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik kelas 11. Diperlukan adanya riset yang utuh dan terstruktur agar produk e-book yang dikembangkan layak digunakan dan bermanfaat. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah model penelitian dan pengembangan ADDIE ( analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation ). Model ADDIE menyediakan kerangka kerja yang mampu membangun, menguji, serta menerapkannya dalam program pengembangan pembelajaran (Mayfield, 2011) (Lukman et al., 2020). Pada fase penerapan ( implementation ), dilakukan uji coba dengan desain control group pre-test post-test . Sebelumnya, dua kelompok peserta didik melakukan pre-test keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pada tahap treatment, kelompok eksperimen belajar menggunakan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan, sedangkan kelompok kontrol menggunakan buku cetak dengan konten yang sama dengan yang disajikan dalam e- book interaktif. Setelah itu, post-test dilakukan pada kedua kelas setelah treatment (Creswell, 2014) (Ishtiaq, 2019). Artikel ini berfokus pada hasil implementasi, berupa efektivitas e-book yang dikembangkan terhadap melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 545, "width": 421, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagian penelitian ini, terdapat 32 peserta didik yang terbagi pada kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen. Peserta didik merupakan kelas 11 peminatan MIPA. Gain ternormalisasi digunakan pada analisis hasil tes siswa untuk mendapatkan ukuran peningkatan KBK. Menurut Hake, gain ternormalisasi merupakan nilai peningkatan real dibagi dengan nilai peningkatan terbesar yang mungkin didapatkan oleh peserta didik (Hake, 2002). Normalized gain atau gain ternormalisasi dihitung melalui persamaan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 122, "top": 639, "width": 233, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "〈 g 〉 =(% 〈 G 〉 )/(% 〈 G 〉 _max ) 〈 g 〉 =(( 〈 post test 〉 - 〈 pre test 〉 ))/(( 〈 100 〉 - 〈 pre test 〉 ) )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 672, "width": 421, "height": 75, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cohen's d sering digunakan untuk mengevaluasi atau membakukan perbedaan antara dua mean. Cohen's d dapat digunakan dalam berbagai skenario. Salah satunya fungsinya adalah pada studi antara dua kelompok independen yang berfokus pada perbedaan rata-rata dua populasi (Goulet-Pelletier & Cousineau, 2018). Persamaannya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1266", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 86, "width": 187, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "〈 d 〉 =(μ_1-μ_2)/σ μ_1= nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen μ_2= nilai rata-rata kelas kontrol σ = standar deviasi populasi gabungan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 152, "width": 421, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen tes yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tes kemampuan berpikir kritis. Tes Keterampilan Berpikir dikembangkan berdasarkan tiga aspek dasar keterampilan berpikir kritis Ennis. Berdasarkan hasil validasi konstruk, instrumen ini layak digunakan dengan rekomendasi perbaikan khususnya pada bagian rubrik. Sedangkan hasil validasi empiris dianalisis menggunakan model Rasch dengan seluruh item mempunyai kesesuaian yang baik dengan model (dapat diterima atau valid), dan nilai Alpha Cronbach (reliabilitas) sebesar 0,61 (memuaskan). Berdasarkan hasil validasi ini, pada akhirnya pada instrumen tes yang digunakan terdiri dari delapan butir soal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 311, "width": 163, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Dan Pembahasan Keterbacaan E-Book Interaktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 342, "width": 421, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji keterbacaan dilakukan menyelaraskan tingkat kemudahan konten pada e- book interaktif untuk dipahami dengan tingkat kemampuan pembaca (peserta didik) untuk memahami pesan atau konteks dari e-book interaktif yang digunakan. Instrumen uji keterbacaan terdiri dari 13 item yang mewakili ragam media e-book berupa petunjuk kegiatan, peta konsep, teks, infografis, gambar, video, dan simulasi. Pembaca akan mendapat nilai tepat jika mampu menjelaskan gagasan pokok informasi yang disampaikan oleh masing-masing jenis media.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 453, "width": 421, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil uji keterbacaan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan diperoleh hasil bahwa 95% siswa termasuk dalam kategori tinggi ( independent reader ). Adapun 5%- nya merupakan pembaca pada kategori sedang ( instructional reader ). Pembaca instruksional masih memiliki potensi untuk memahami konten e-book dengan bantuan (Wissing et al., 2016). Oleh karena itu, secara umum peserta didik dapat menggunakan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan secara mandiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 549, "width": 421, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil dari dua belas item pada instrumen uji keterbacaan merupakan pada tingkat keterbacaan tinggi, sedangkan satu item memiliki tingkat keterbacaan rendah (tabel 2). Item konten berupa video mendapatkan skor keterbacaan yang paling tinggi dibanding media lainnya. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa informasi yang disajikan melalui video pada e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk dipahami dengan benar oleh pembaca atau peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 644, "width": 421, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada ragam media berupa teks, rata-rata keterbacaannya 88,87% sedangkan rata- rata keterbacaan peta konsep adalah 90,84%. Persentase ini juga termasuk pada kategori tinggi yang berarti memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk dapat dipahami secara mandiri. Adapun persentase keterbacaan petunjuk kegiatan adalah 76,19%. Hal ini diakibatkan pada beberapa peserta didik kebingungan untuk menentukan informasi utama dan informasi pedukung karena banyaknya informasi apda petunjuk kegiatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1267", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 421, "height": 75, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sampel grafik dan infografis berupa gambar berada pada kategori keterbacaan tinggi. Hal ini dapat menunjukkan jika informasi yang disajikan pada grafik dan infografis mudah dipahami. Akan tetapi pada infografis, peserta didik berkomentar bila ukuran tulisan yang digunakan terlalu kecil dan informasi yang dimuat terlalu padat untuk satu tampilan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 165, "top": 459, "width": 281, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Lembar petunjuk kegiatan sebelum perbaikan.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 94, "top": 488, "width": 421, "height": 91, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ragam media lainnya merupakan simulasi, dengan persentase keterbacaannya 38,10% (kategori rendah). Saat uji keterbacaan, peserta didik berada dalam keadaan frustasi untuk memahami informasi yang disajikan secara mandiri. Hasil ini dapat diakibatkan oleh penyajian simulasi tanpa petunjuk menggunakan simulasi saat dilakukan uji keterbacaan. Pada perbaikan ditambahkan pula petunjuk mengakses simulasi pada bagian petunjuk penggunaan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 599, "width": 263, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Presentase hasil uji keterbacaan konten e-book", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 112, "top": 614, "width": 366, "height": 134, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Bagian E-Book Interaktif Presentase Keterbacaan (%) Kategori 1 Peta konsep 90,48 Tinggi 2 Petunjuk penggunaan e-book interaktif 90,48 Tinggi 3 Video 1 (Fenomena Penduduk Kiribati) 100,00 Tinggi 4 Petunjuk kegiatan 76,19 Tinggi 5 Video 2 (Efek Rumah Kaca) 95,24 Tinggi 6 Teks 1 (Efek Rumah Kaca) 80,95 Tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1268", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 112, "top": 88, "width": 366, "height": 150, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Bagian E-Book Interaktif Presentase Keterbacaan (%) Kategori 7 Teks 2 (Pemanasan Global) 100,00 Tinggi 8 Infografis (Protokol Kyoto) 80,95 Tinggi 9 Grafik 1 (Anomali Suhu Global) 85,71 Tinggi 10 Teks 3 (Upaya Pengendalian Pemanasan Global) 85,71 Tinggi 11 Simulasi Climate Change 38,10 Rendah 12 Video 3 (Dampak Pemanasan Global) 100,00 Tinggi 13 Grafik 2 (Kurva Keeling) 80,95 Tinggi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 259, "width": 421, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil uji keterbacaan dapat disimpulkan bila kemampuan peserta didik untuk memahami konten e-book dengan tingkat kemudahan konten e-book untuk dipahami berada pada tingkat yang sama. Peserta didik memiliki kemampuan yang sangat baik dalam menentukan pokok gagasan utama dari berbagai jenis media pada e-book .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 339, "width": 155, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Efektivitas E-Book Interaktif", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 354, "width": 421, "height": 186, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebaran hasil pre-test dan post-test keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik dan juga sebaran tingkat kesulitan butir soal ditunjukkan oleh gambar 2. Bagian kiri menunjukkan hasil pre-test (tes sebelum dilakukan intervensi), sedangkan bagian kanan merupakan hasil post-test (test setelah dilakukan intervensi). Gambar ini menunjukkan hasil siswa secara keseluruhan, baik kelas kontrol (kode peserta didik dengan huruf C) dan kelas eksperimen (kode peserta didik dengan huruf E). Peserta didik dengan kode C08 dan E10 merupakan peserta didik dengan potensi dapat mengerjakan soal tes paling rendah pada saat pre-test . Peserta didik diprediksi tidak dapat mengerjakan satu soal pun dengan benar. Adapun pada saat post-test setelah adanya intervensi dengan menggunakan modul cetak, peserta didik C08 berpotensi untuk mengerjakan lima soal dengan benar dan E10 berpotensi mengerjakan tujuh soal dengan benar setelah belajar menggunakan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 545, "width": 421, "height": 106, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari wright map juga didapatkan informasi bila peserta didik dengan kode E12 yang pada saat pre-test hanya berpotensi untuk dapat mengerjakan dua soal, setelah belajar menggunakan e-book interaktif berpotensi untuk dapat menjawab keseluruhan tes dengan benar. Gambaran ini menunjukkan bahwa secara umum seluruh peserta didik mengalami peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis setelah melakukan pembelajaran mandiri baik menggunakan buku cetak ataupun e-book interaktif “STOP Pemanasan Global”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 656, "width": 421, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebaran butir soal pada wright map menunjukkan tingkat kesulitan butir soal. Semakin tinggi posisi butir soal menunjukkan bila butir soal tersebut semakin jarang dijawab benar (semakin sulit). Dari sebaran ini didapatkan bahwa butir soal dengan kode Q8 merupakan soal yang paling sukar di antara soal lainnya pada saat pre-test . Adapun nilai measure yang menurun untuk Q8 menunjukkan bila butir soal ini menurun tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1269", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 421, "height": 27, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kesulitannya pada saat post-test. Pada saat post-test, soal Q8 terdapat sembilan peserta didik yang berpotensi mampu menjawab dengan benar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 120, "width": 421, "height": 138, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ukuran peningkatan keterampilan peserta didik didapatkan dengan perhitungan gain ternormalisasi dan ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria Hake. Hasil perhitungan sebagaimana yang ditunjukkan pada tabel 3 dan tabel 4. Peserta didik dengan ukuran peningkatan tertinggi secara keseluruhan adalah peserta didik dengan kode E12 dengan skor 0,81 yang berada pada kelompok eksperimen. Kelompok eksperimen adalah peserta didik yang melakukan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan e-book interaktif. C12 merupakan peserta didik dengan peningkatan paling rendah dengan skor 0,07 yang berasal dari kelas kontrol. Sedangkan E02 merupakan peserta didik dengan peningkatan paling rendah pada kelas eksperimen dengan skor 0,30.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 263, "width": 421, "height": 169, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3 menunjukkan sebaran ukuran peningkatan untuk tiap aspek, sedangkan pada gambar 4 menunjukkan sebaran ukuran peningkatan secara keseluruhan. Berdasarkan gambar 3, dapat dijabarkan jabaran peningkatan pada setiap aspek KBK. Pada aspek klarifikasi dasar tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara sebaran kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Adapun pada aspek inference dan aspek klarifikasi terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Hal ini dapat dilihat juga dari tidak adanya peningkatan rendah pada kedua aspek ini untuk peserta didik di kelas eksperimen. Analisis tiap aspek ini dapat menunjukkan bila e-book interaktif cenderung tidak memberikan hasil yang signifikan terhadap aspek KBK klarifikasi dasar. Namun, e-book interaktif memberikan booster pada aspek KBK inference dan klarifikasi lanjutan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 696, "width": 246, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Wright map keterampilan berpikir kritis", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1270", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 163, "top": 298, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Sebaran kategori ukuran peningkatan KBK tiap aspek.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 131, "top": 546, "width": 367, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Sebaran kategori peningkatan keterampilan berpikir kritis secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 591, "width": 257, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Skor gain ternormalisasi untuk kelas kontrol Kode Peserta Didik N-Gain Interpretasi C01 0,50 Sedang C02 0,53 Sedang C03 0,31 Sedang C04 0,06 Rendah C05 0,35 Sedang C06 0,33 Sedang C07 0,18 Rendah C08 0,58", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 140, "top": 332, "width": 301, "height": 408, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedang 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 RENDAH SEDANG TINGGI KONTROL", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 321, "top": 523, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "EKSPERIMEN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1271", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 175, "top": 89, "width": 257, "height": 473, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kode Peserta Didik N-Gain Interpretasi C09 0,53 Sedang C10 0,32 Sedang C11 0,60 Sedang C12 0,07 Rendah C13 0,53 Sedang C14 0,44 Sedang C15 0,71 Tinggi C16 0,39 Sedang Rata-Rata 0,40 Sedang Tabel 4. Skor gain ternormalisasi untuk kelas kontrol. Kode Peserta Didik N-Gain Interpretasi E01 0,33 Sedang E02 0,30 Sedang E03 0,33 Sedang E04 0,73 Tinggi E05 0,61 Sedang E06 0,45 Sedang E07 0,32 Sedang E08 0,33 Sedang E09 0,70 Tinggi E10 0,71 Tinggi E11 0,35 Sedang E12 0,81 Tinggi E13 0,45 Sedang E14 0,74 Tinggi E15 0,65 Sedang E16 0,72 Tinggi Rata-Rata 0,53 Sedang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 584, "width": 421, "height": 169, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara keseluruhan, pada kelas kontrol terbagi menjadi 3 peserta didik dengan peningkatan rendah, 12 peserta didik dengan peningkatan sedang, dan 1 peserta didik dengan peningkatan tinggi. Sehingga didapatkan rata-rata nilai gain ternormalisasi untuk kelas kontrol adalah 0,40. Adapun pada kelas eksperimen, tersebar pada 10 peserta didik dengan peningkatan sedang, dan 6 peserta didik dengan peningkatan tinggi. Serta didapatkan nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen adalah 0,53. Berdasarkan hasil ini dapat dipahami apabila kelas eksperimen memiliki kecenderungan peningkatan pada kategori sedang dan tinggi. Untuk mengetahui ukuran kekuatan dari dua nilai rata-rata maka dilakukanlah perhitungan effect size. Effect size digunakan untuk mendapatkan ukuran besarnya dampak suatu desain atau kelompok untuk memfasilitasi perbandingan antar kelompok (Goulet-Pelletier & Cousineau, 2018). Perhitungan effect size ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1272", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 94, "top": 88, "width": 421, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dilakukan setelah data pre-test maupun post-test kelas kontrol dan kelas eksperimen memenuhi uji homogenitas dan uji normalitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 191, "top": 135, "width": 248, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 5. Nilai effect size keterampilan berpikir kritis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 150, "width": 339, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "N Rata-rata SD pooled Effect Size Interpretasi Kontrol 16 0,40 0,182 0,72 Medium Effect Eksperimen 16 0,53", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 94, "top": 223, "width": 421, "height": 122, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan effect size pada tabel 5 menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan pembelajaran mandiri dengan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan berdampak positif dengan kekuatan ukuran 0,72 yang diinterpretasikan pada kategori cukup berdampak dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran menggunakan buku cetak. Analisis efektivitas ini juga sejalan dengan hasil-hasil penilitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan penggunaan e- book interaktif berdampak untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis dibandingkan dengan modul cetak (Hasan et al., 2018) (Pradina & Suyatna, 2018) (Suyatna et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 366, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 382, "width": 420, "height": 186, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisis yang telah dilakukan, maka didapatkanlah kesimpulan mengenai efektivitas e-book interaktif pada topik pemanasan global untuk melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik pada tingkat SMA. Kesimpulan yang didapat di antaranya adalah bahwa persentase keterbacaan e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan adalah 84,98% atau berada pada kategori tinggi dan sesuai dengan kemampuan peserta didik dalam memahami konten e-book interaktif. Sehingga secara umum e-book interaktif dapat digunakan secara mandiri. Rata-rata ukuran peningkatan pada kelas kontrol adalah 0,40, sedangkan pada kelas eksperimen adalah 0,53. Berdasarkan ukuran peningkatan ini didapatkan bahwa efektifitas e-book interaktif yang dikembangkan dalam melatihkan keterampilan berpikir kritis sebesar 0,72 (dalam effect size ) yang menunjukkan bahwa e-book interaktif memberikan medium effect terhadap peningkatn keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1273", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 289, "top": 88, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bibliografi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 120, "width": 420, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. 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Inquiry: Critical Thinking across the Disciplines , 26 (2), 5–19.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 299, "width": 419, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ennis, R. H. (2015). Critical thinking: A streamlined conception. In The Palgrave handbook of critical thinking in higher education (pp. 31–47). Springer.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 341, "width": 419, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Goulet-Pelletier, J.-C., & Cousineau, D. (2018). A review of effect sizes and their confidence intervals, Part I: The Cohen’sd family. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology , 14 (4), 242–265.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 393, "width": 420, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gunawan, G. (2019). Increasing students’ critical thinking skills in physics using a guided inquiry model combined with an advanced organizer. Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems (JARDCS) , 11 (7), 313–320.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 451, "width": 420, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hake, R. (2002). Lessons from the physics education reform effort. Conservation Ecology , 5 (2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 492, "width": 420, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasan, M. F., Suyatna, A., & Suana, W. (2018). Cek Similarity/Originality: Development of Interactive E-book on Energy Resources to Enhance Student’s Critical Thinking Ability .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 548, "width": 420, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ishtiaq, M. (2019). Book review creswell, JW (2014). research design: qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods approaches . Thousand Oaks, ca: sage. English Language Teaching , 12 (5), 40.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 603, "width": 420, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lukman, H. B., Raharjo, T. J., Florentinus, T. S., & Bharati, D. A. L. (2020). Validation Of Development: Training Management Basic English Through The Addie Model In Private School Teachers .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 658, "width": 419, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mayfield, M. (2011). Creating training and development programs: using the ADDIE method. Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal , 25 (3), 19–22.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 711, "width": 420, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Neswary, S. B. A., & Prahani, B. K. (2022). Profile of students’ physics critical thinking skills and application of problem based learning models assisted by digital books in physics learning in high school. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA , 8 (2), 781–", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 28, "width": 262, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Haura Fauziyyah Halilah, Dadi Rusdiana, Hera Novia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 94, "top": 776, "width": 317, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia (Japendi) , Vol. 4 No. 11 November 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 486, "top": 789, "width": 30, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1274", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 88, "width": 24, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "789.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 116, "width": 419, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pradina, L. P., & Suyatna, A. (2018). 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Cek Similarity/Originality: Developing interactive e-book of relativity theory to optimize self-directed learning and critical thinking skills .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 295, "width": 419, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tiruneh, D. T., De Cock, M., & Elen, J. (2018). Designing learning environments for critical thinking: Examining effective instructional approaches. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education , 16 , 1065–1089.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 350, "width": 419, "height": 53, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wissing, G.-J., Blignaut, A. S., & Van den Berg, K. (2016). Using readability, comprehensibility and lexical coverage to evaluate the suitability of an introductory accountancy textbook to its readership. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics , 46 , 155–179.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 419, "width": 419, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yuniastuti, S. H., Miftakhuddin, S. P., Khoiron, M., Fahkri, A., & Cetak, T. T. (2021). Media Pembelajaran Untuk Generasi Milenial .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 111, "top": 473, "width": 396, "height": 33, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "© 2022 by the authors. Submitted for possible open access publication under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY SA) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/).", "type": "List item" } ]

93ab80f6-3013-1685-5624-83887b49d7da

https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/jmbk/article/download/4802/2759

[ { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 104, "width": 469, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "STRATEGI BISNIS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS SWOT DENGAN MODEL SUPPLY CHAIN LOGISTIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN RETAIL PADA PT XYZ", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 145, "top": 159, "width": 308, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pradana Wibowo Santosa Program Studi Magister Manajemen Universitas Tarumanagara [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 214, "width": 73, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eddy Herjanto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 163, "top": 228, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Magister Manajemen Universitas Tarumanagara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 269, "width": 471, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract : In a SWOT analysis, the company must rely on their strengths to assist them with any threats or weaknesses that occur within the company. If their strengths are used to their advantage they can be implemented to help in avoiding new threats in the future and therefore the company will not be disrupted in its everyday procedures. The company which was used in this present analysis was PT . XYZ. This business identified that threats and weaknesseswere occurring and causing issues within the company. The method performed in this study was an analysis of the basic strategy of supply chain management and value chain analysis. After these two analysis had been completed they were then grouped into a SWOT analysis of IFE and EFE matrix from the company PT . XYZ. The results of the present study found the main cause of the weaknesses and threats in PT . XYZ was the substitution of products, threats, and competitors. In conclusion, it is therefore essential to take action to resolve these issues by using the SWOT analysis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 448, "width": 253, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Supply Chain, SWOT, IFE EFE matrix.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 476, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam analisis SWOT, perusahaan harus mengandalkan kekuatan mereka untuk membantu mereka menghadapi ancaman atau kelemahan yang terjadi di dalam perusahaan. Jika kekuatan mereka digunakan untuk keuntungan mereka, mereka dapat diimplementasikan untuk membantu menghindari ancaman baru di masa depan dan oleh karena itu perusahaan tidak akan terganggu dalam prosedur sehari-hari. Perusahaan yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah PT. XYZ. Bisnis ini mengidentifikasi bahwa ancaman dan kelemahan terjadi dan menyebabkan masalah di dalam perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 573, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis strategi dasar manajemen rantai pasok dan analisis rantai nilai. Setelah kedua analisis ini selesai mereka kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi analisis SWOT matriks IFE dan EFE dari perusahaan PT. XYZ.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 614, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil analisis diperoleh hasil bagaimana penerapan sistem supply chain dan penanganan permasalahan yang ada dan kseimpulan dan saran dari penulis untuk memaksimalkan kinerja yang ada..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 656, "width": 308, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci terkontrol: matriks Supply Chain, SWOT, IFE EFE.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 683, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 697, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada era globalisasi sekarang ini kebutuhan masyarakat semakin banyak. Masyarakat menjadi gemar dalam melakukan pembelian. Di Indonesia contohnya, masyarakat disini begitu menyukai berbelanja. Ini dapat dilihat dari banyaknya mall-mall baru, perusahaan- perusahaan baru yang berdiri di Indonesia. Masyarakat di Indonesia begitu konsumtif. Hal ini membuat perusahaan - perusahaan saling bersaing untuk menciptakan produk yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 455, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkualitas dan mampu menarik minat masyarakat. Persaingan dalam bisnis sangatlah ketat. Dengan era globalisasi seperti sekarang ini persaingan terjadi tidak hanya antar perusahaan dalam negeri saja, persaingan pun juga terjadi dengan perusahaan luar negeri atau asing. Perusahaan - perusahaan asing pun semakin senang untuk melirik pasar di Indonesia yang mereka anggap masyarakatnya sangat konsumtif. Maka perusahaan - perusahaan harus mampu menciptakan terobosan baru yang strategis agar menarik minat masyarakat serta dapat merebut pangsa pasar. Para pemimpin perusahaan juga harus jeli melihat faktor - faktor tersebut apakah akan menguntungkan atau justru akan merugikan perusahaan tersebut. Apabila masyarakat memilih produk tersebut tentunya akan menjadikan keuntungan bagi perusahaan tersebut. Mereka akan menjadi konsumen setia perusahaan dan bahkan akan memberikan informasi kepada masyarakat lain akan kualitas barang tersebut, sehingga perusahaan akan mendapatkan konsumen baru dengan menakan biaya pemasaran. Untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas serta bernilai jual tinggi, tentunya dibutuhkan bahan baku yang baik pula, selain itu juga harus melalui proses penciptaan produk yang benar sehingga terciptalah sebuah produk jadi yang dapat dijual, setelah produk tersebut jadi dan siap pakai maka harus segera didistribusikan ketangan para konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 290, "width": 455, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Masyarakat Indonesia dapat dikatakan memiliki pola konsumsi yang tinggi. Hal ini mengharuskan perusahaan untuk selalu menyediakan barang pemuas kebutuhan tetap tersedia setiap saat terutama untuk sandang, pangan, dan papan. Namun sering terjadi pada beberapa perusahaan justru disaat konsumen akan membeli barang namun barang tersebut dalam keadaan kosong atau bahkan barang tersebut ada namun dalam keadaan rusak dan tidak layak pakai. Untuk itulah dibutuhkan manajemen rantai pasokan yang baik. Perusahaan harus jeli dalam menentukan pemasok mereka. Memilih pemasok yang tepat tentunya akan mendapatkan banyak keuntungan, diantaranya perusahaan menjadi unggul dari para pesaing – pesaingnya. Pemasok yang tepat tentunya akan menjadikan perusahaan dapat terus menjalankan kegiatan proses produksinya tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 428, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut David Simchi Levi, et.al (2000) supply chain management atau manajemen rantai pasokan merupakan suatu pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mencapai pengintegrasian yang lebih efisien dari suppliers, manufactur, distributors, retailers, dan customers. Artinya barang diproduksi dalam jumlah yang tepat, pada saat yang tepat dan pada tempat yang tepat dengan tujuan mencapai cost dari sistem keseluruhan yang minimum. Manajemen rantai pasokan ( supply chain management ) mampu mengatasi masalah persediaan agar produk dalam keadaan tersedia dan layak dikonsumsi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 524, "width": 455, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsep Supply Chain merupakan konsep baru dalam melihat persoalan logistik. Konsep lama melihat logistik lebih sebagai persoalan intern masing-masing perusahaan dan pemecahannya dititikberatkan pada pemecahan secara intern di perusahaan masing - masing. Dalam konsep baru ini, masalah logistik dilihat sebagai masalah yang lebih luas yang terbentang sangat panjang sejak dari bahan dasar sampai barang jadi yang dipakai konsumen akhir, yang merupakan mata rantai penyedian barang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 607, "width": 454, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada dua manfaat penerapan manajemen rantai pasokan yang pertama untuk memenuhi kepentingan dalam pemenuhan persediaan barang dagangan yang mempunyai sifat cepat habis. Persedian produk - produk kebutuhan konsumen harus dapat dikendalikan. Pengendalian persediaan merupakan bagian yang sangat penting. Pengendalian dilakukan untuk mengendalikan persediaan dari kekurangan dan kelebihan produksi. Kekurangan produk-produk tentunya akan menimbulkan komplain dari para konsumen dan hal terburuk adalah konsumen beralih ke perusahaan lain. Selain itu pandangan konsumen terhadap perusahaan akan menjadi buruk. Hal ini akan sangat buruk, karena bisa saja konsumen memberi tahu kepada orang lain untuk tidak membeli pada perusahaan tersebut. Untuk itulah penerapan manajemen rantai pasokan sangatlah penting agar persediaan barang tetap ada, sehingga ketika ada pesanan maka barang selalu sedia. Selain itu kelebihan persediaan akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menimbulkan kerugian bagi produsen. Untuk itulah disini kembali penerapan manajemen rantai pasokan dinilai amatlah penting, perusahaan dan pemasok harus jeli dan pintar dalam menghasilkan barang.Jangan sampai produk yang dihasilkan kekukarangan ataupun kelebihan. Karena jika kekurangan dan saat itu ada pesanan, maka konsumen akan kecewa dan bisa beralih ke perusahaan lain. Namun jika persediaan produk juga terlalu berlimpah maka dapat mengakibatkan produk menjadi basi jika itu makanan. Dan jika bukan makanan juga akan mengakibatkan kerugian bagi produsen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 165, "width": 455, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manfaat yang kedua yaitu memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan terhadap pilihan barang dagangan sesuai dengan apa yang pelanggan inginkan, serta dimana mereka menginginkannya. Pengendalian persediaan menjadi begitu penting karena pola konsumsi selalu berubah - ubah. Setiap konsumen berbeda dalam melakukan pembelian suatu produk. Ada yang setiap hari, minggu, bulan dan ada juga konsumen yang melakukan pembelian tiba - tiba tanpa waktu yang direncanakan atau ada konsumen yang membeli dalam jumlah besar atau kecil bahkan hari – hari libur atau hari besar juga harus menjadi perhatian dalam menentukan persediaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tipikal Supply Chain dewasa ini sedang mengalami perubahan besar karena perubahan atau perkembangan pasar. Dahulu, produk yang mempunyai brand atau nama yang kuat seakan-akan mendikte pasaran dan pelanggan akan tergantung dan cenderung untuk mencari produk tersebut. Pabrik juga cenderung akan memasarkan langsung produk tersebut atau melalui retail outletnya sendiri dan hanya sebagian dari produksinya yang dialokasikan atau disalurkan melalui retail outlet tertentu yang dipilihnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 455, "height": 93, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sekarang keadaan sudah berubah. Pelanggan makin mempunyai pilihan yang banyak dan berada pada posisi untuk menentukan sendiri brand pilihannya dan retail outlet makin lebih mempunyai keleluasaan dan berkuasa untuk menjual dan memajang produk yang dipilihnya sendiri berdasarkan kehendak dan selera pelanggan. Perkembangan tersebut mempengaruhi pula bagaimana cara mengoptimalkan supply chain sedemikian rupa sehingga mencapai manfaat yang optimal. Sehubungan dengan itu perlu dibicarakan hal-hal sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 455, "width": 232, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Tuntutan pelanggan yang terus berkembang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 469, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kekuasaan retailer yang makin besar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 483, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Dilema dalam pencapaian optimalisasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 497, "width": 219, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kendala dalam membangun kepercayaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 511, "width": 170, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Kemitraan sebagai suatu solusi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 524, "width": 214, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Teknologi informasi sebagai katalisator.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 538, "width": 455, "height": 108, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu metode dalam manajemen rantai pasokan adalah analisis SWOT. Analisa SWOT ( SWOT Analysis ) adalah suatu metode perencanaan strategis yang digunakan untuk mengevaluasi faktor - faktor yang menjadi kekuatan (Strengths), Kelemahan (Weaknesses), Peluang (Opportunities), dan Ancaman (Threats) yang mungkin terjadi dalam mencapai suatu tujuan dari kegiatan proyek/kegiatan usaha atau institusi/lembaga dalam skala yang lebih luas. Untuk keperluan tersebut diperlukan kajian dari aspek lingkungan baik yang berasal dari lingkungan internal maupun eskternal yang mempengaruhi pola strategi institusi/lembaga dalam mencapai tujuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 342, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Albert Humphrey, Penerapan SWOT adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 662, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Strenghts – Opportunities (SO) : Bagaimana kekuatan mampu mengambil keuntungan dari peluang yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 690, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Weaknesses – Opportunities (WO) : Bagaimana mengatasi kelemahan yang dapat mengurangi keuntungan dari peluang yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 718, "width": 437, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Strenghts – Threats (ST) : Bagaimana kekuatan yang ada dapat mengalahkan ancaman yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 69, "width": 437, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Weaknesses – Threats (WT) : Bagaimana cara mengatasi kelemahan yang ada agar tidak terjadi ancaman baru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 96, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses bisnis adalah kumpulan proses kerja yang teratur untuk mendistribusikan suatu produk dan jasa yang memberikan manfaat atau nilai tambah bagi penggunanya (Thaib dan Bachtiar, 2012). Proses bisnis dibentuk dan dikelola untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Faktor utama dalam proses bisnis adalah efektivitas, efisiensi dan adaptabilitas. Menurut Thaib dan Bachtiar (2012), proses bisnis haruslah dirumuskan, direncanakan dan dirancang secara sistematis dan terstruktur sehingga mudah dilaksanakan, ditelusuri dan diperbaiki.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu perusahaan distribusi yang memiliki kegiatan pengadaan bahan baku ialah PT XYZ. PT XYZ adalah perusahaan distribusi yang bergerak dalam usaha dagang FMCG. Sebagai salah satu perusahaan FMCG terbesar, mutu kualitas menjadi hal utama yang wajib diperhatikan oleh PT. XYZ. Perusahaan ini harus pintar dalam melakukan tatanan manajemen bisnis yang tepat dalam mengembangkan usahanya. Pemilihan supply chain management juga penting bagi perusahaan ini agar mampu bergerak di posisi yang tepat dan tidak kehilangan pelanggannya. Mereka harus mampu menyiapkan strategi bisnis yang tepat. Selain itu perusahaan ini juga harus memperhatikan hal - hal yang dapat memberi kepuasaan kepada pelanggan, yakni :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 303, "width": 314, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Produk yang disediakan harus bemutu dan berkualitas tinggi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 317, "width": 283, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Produk yang disediakan harus aman untuk dikonsumsi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 331, "width": 187, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Peningkatan sumber daya manusia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 345, "width": 238, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pengiriman harus tepat waktu sesuai pesanan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 359, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Supply Chain Management yang tepat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 373, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Produk harus sedia setiap saat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 386, "width": 455, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perusahaan ini memiliki banyak pesaing, untuk itulah hal-hal tersebut harus terus diperhatikan PT. XYZ agar tidak kehilangan pelanggan. Peningkatan Mutu dan Supply Chain Management dinilai amatlah penting bagi perusahaan agar dapat terus unggul dalam bersaing dari banyaknya perusahaan di Indonesia. Perusahaan - perusahaan saling bersaing untuk memperebutkan hati masyarakat agar memilih produknya. Untuk itulah perusahaan - perusahaan saling berlomba-lomba menciptakan produk yang bermutu dan memiliki supply chain management yang baik. Dalam hal ini PT XYZ bersaing untuk menghasilkan pelaya n produk yang mampu bersaing dan supply chain management yang baik untuk menghasilkan penjualan yang baik dan menghasilkan keuntungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PERUMUSAN MASALAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 538, "width": 439, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian pada latar belakang penelitian, Maka masalah penelitian dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 566, "width": 423, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apakah perusahaan sudah unggul dalam persaingan dengan menggunakan sistem rantai pasokan ?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 417, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Apakah dengan menerapkan analisis SWOT dapat meningkatkan kinerja perusahaan ? Apakah perusahaan sudah menerapkan manajemen rantai pasokan dengan baik ? Apakah keunggulan bersaing perusahaan akan memberikan keuntungan ?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 106, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RUANG LINGKUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian Deskriptif. Menurut Arikunto (2010: 3) penelitian deskriptif merupakan penelitian yang dimaksudkan untuk menyelidiki keadaan, kondisi atau hal lain-lain yang hasilnya dipaparkan dalam bentuk laporan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 718, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis data kualitatif dengan sumber datanya adalah data primer dan sekunder. Berbagai teknik yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah kuesioner, wawancara, observasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggunaan alat analisis Tiga Tahapan Manajemen Strategis menurut Fred R. David menggunakan kuesioner lisan dengan responden berjumlah satu orang sebagai informan kunci yang menjabat sebagai Direktur (Top Management). Kemudian, berdasarkan kriteria optimasi dapat ditentukan rancangan implikasi solusi terpilih yaitu;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 138, "width": 412, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1.Untuk membantu perusahaan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen, penulis menganjurkan agar perusahaan melakukan perubahan terhadap sistem supply chain management.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 193, "width": 430, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.Untuk membantu perusahaan dalam menentukan strategi bersaing yang terbaik melalui analisis 3 tahapan menurut Fred R. David dan analisis Porter.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN BAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 262, "width": 282, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Proses Operasi dan Supply Chain Management saat ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 276, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara keseluruhan perusahaan saat ini bisa dikatakan memiliki laba yang stabil, namun berdasarkan wawancara yang dilakukan oleh peneliti menimbang dari aspek operasi perusahaan masih banyak kekurangan yang sebenarnya masih dapat dimaksimalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 331, "width": 454, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saat ini perusahaan memiliki satu gudang pribadi milik perusahaan yang bertempat di Jakarta Barat. Perusahaan memiliki banyak supplier bahan baku dan 3 (tiga) gudang pusat. Berikut adalah gambar sistem supply chain management yang dilakukan oleh PT. XYZ :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 456, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Sistem Supply chain management PT. XYZ saat ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 483, "width": 186, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: PT. XYZ dan olahan peneliti", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 90, "top": 511, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks IFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 525, "width": 428, "height": 319, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1 Matriks IFE Internal factor weight rating Weighted score KEKUATAN (STRANGTHS) S1: Sistem Supply Chain dapat Mengurangi Biaya 0.10 4 0.4 S2: Menyediakan pelayanan kepada pelanggan lebih baik 0.09 4 0.36 S3: Produktivitas karyawan meningkat dan terkoordinir 0.10 3 0.3 S4: Pengaturan Stok lebih efektif 0.09 4 0.36 S5: Dapat menyediakan item produk lebih banyak 0.09 3 0.27 S6: Dapat mengatur order dan pengiriman lebih cepat 0.07 1 0.07 S7: Konsumen yang loyal 0.07 2 0.14 TOTAL 1.9 KEKURANGAN (WEAKNESSES) W1: Dapat membuat biaya distribusi meningkat 0.09 4 0.36 W2: Konsumen belum dapat menerima sistem baru 0.09 3 0.27 W3: Penjual memerlukan banyak waktu di toko retail 0.08 2 0.16 W4: Kualitas Sumber daya penjual yang belum merata 0.07 1 0.07 W5: Ketersediaan Item produk belum merata krn produksi 0.07 2 0.14 TOTAL 1.0 SUBTOTAL 2.9", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 455, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis dan bahasan temuan dari IFE Matriks terlepas dari banyaknya jumlah faktor- faktor yang dimasukan dalam faktor kekuatan (strengths) dan kelemahan (weakness). Pada hasil matriks IFE ini, diperoleh nilai 2,9, yang berarti perusahaan berada di atas rata-rata PT. XYZ selama ini sudah maksimal menangkap kekuatan yang ada dan mengurangi atau menghindari kelemahan yang di hadapi. Dari hasil table matriks IFE ini dapat diterjemahkan bahwa PT. XYZ sudah maksimal dalam memanfaatkan faktor faktor kekuatan internal dalam melawan faktor-faktor kelemahan yang dihadapi. Hal ini dapat mencerminkan dari total skor bobot faktor kekuatan 1,90 yang beda tipis pada skor bobot pada faktor kelemahan adalah 1,00.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 359, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks EFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 373, "width": 112, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Matriks EFE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 731, "width": 440, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis dan bahasan dari EFE Matrix terlepas dari banyaknya jumlah faktor-faktor yang dimasukkan dalam faktor peluang (opportunities) dan ancaman (threats). Pada hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 81, "top": 394, "width": 450, "height": 266, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "External factor Weight rating Weighted score PELUANG (Opportunities) O1: Dapat membantu Toko retail dalam pemenuhan stok 0,08 3 0,24 O2: Tingkat konsumsi konsumen yang tinggi 0,08 3 0,34 O3: Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin maju 0,10 4 0,40 O4: Banyak nya toko retail yang tersedia 0,07 2 0,14 O5: Belum ada kompetitor yang menggunakan sistem ini 0,07 2 0,14 TOTAL 1,44 ANCAMAN (Threat) T1: Meningkatnya biaya pengiriman 0,09 4 0,36 T2: Stok barang dapat mengalami excess 0,09 4 0,36 T3: Tidak dapat mengikuti perubahan cepat globalisasi 0,08 2 0,16 T4: Perubahan toko retail yang semakin cepat 0,07 1 0,07 T5: Strategi marketing agresif yang dilakukan oleh pesaing 0,09 3 0,27 TOTAL 1,38 SUBTOTAL 2,82", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 444, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "matriks EFE ini, diperoleh nilai 2,82, yang berarti perusahaan berada di atas rata-rata. PT. XYZ selama ini sudah maksimal menangkap peluang yang ada dan menghindari ancaman yang dihadapi. Dari hasil table matriks EFE ini diterjemahkan bahwa PT. XYZ telah maksimal dalam memanfaatkan faktor-faktor peluang eksternalnya dalam melawan faktor- faktor ancaman yang dihadapi PT. XYZ. Hal ini dapat tercermin dari total skor bobot faktor peluang 1,44 yang beda tipis dengan skor bobot faktor ancaman adalah 1,38.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 166, "width": 313, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strengths- Weakness- Opportunities- Theats (SWOT) Matriks Table 4.4 Matriks SWOT", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 208, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "STRENGTH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 213, "top": 221, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S1: Sistem Supply Chain dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 235, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengurangi Biaya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 249, "width": 179, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S2: Menyediakan pelayanan kepada pelanggan lebih baik S3: Produktivitas karyawan meningkat dan terkoordinir S4: Pengaturan Stok lebih efektif S5: Dapat menyediakan item produk lebih banyak S6: Dapat mengatur order dan pengiriman lebih cepat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 373, "width": 124, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "S7: Konsumen yang loyal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 442, "top": 208, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "WEAKNESSES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 406, "top": 221, "width": 151, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "W1: Dapat membuat biaya distribusi meningkat W2: Konsumen belum dapat menerima sistem baru W3: Penjual memerlukan banyak waktu di toko retail W4: Kualitas Sumber daya penjual yang belum merata W5: Ketersediaan Item produk belum merata krn produksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 67, "top": 388, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "OPPORTUNITIES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 32, "top": 401, "width": 170, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "O1: Dapat membantu Toko retail dalam pemenuhan stok O2: Tingkat konsumsi konsumen yang tinggi O3: Perkembangan teknologi yang semakin maju O4: Banyak nya toko retail yang tersedia O5: Belum ada kompetitor yang menggunakan sistem ini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 388, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 224, "top": 388, "width": 341, "height": 190, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1.Bekerja sama dengan transportasi online untuk pembelian dan pengiriman barang (S1, 05) 2. Membuat sistem sendiri (S4,03) 3.Menambah promosi kepada konsumen (S4, S5, 04) WO 1.Mengembangkan titik distribusi baru (W1, 02, 04) 2.Mengembangkan pelayanan menggunakan sistem online (W2, W5, T5) 3.Memperbaiki standar operasional perusahaan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dengan memaksimalkan teknologi (W3,06)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 88, "top": 581, "width": 60, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THREATS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 32, "top": 595, "width": 165, "height": 135, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "T1: Meningkatnya biaya pengiriman T2: Stok barang dapat mengalami excess T3: Tidak dapat mengikuti perubahan cepat globalisasi T4: Perubahan toko retail yang semakin cepat T5: Strategi marketing agresif yang dilakukan oleh pesaing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 297, "top": 581, "width": 18, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ST", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 595, "width": 168, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Membuat marketing program khusus customer loyal, seperti program hadiah langsung (S6, T2, T5)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 581, "width": 334, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Menyusun studi kelayakan untuk toko yang ada dan yang akan datang (S3, T6) WT 1. Melakukan promosi dengan menggunakan media sosial (W2,W5,T5) 2. Memberikan pelatihan ke karyawan terkait dengan operasional dan pelayanan (W4,T2)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor-faktor TOWS yang dihadapi dari data lapangan ini, kemudian diolah untuk merumuskan strategi-strategi yang dapat dipakai untuk mengantisipasi ancaman eksternal yang ada dan untuk mengatasi kelemahan internal untuk perusahaan. Adapun rangkaian strategi-strategi yang di sarankan untuk dilakukan perusahaan, yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 124, "width": 395, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Strategi kekuatan ( strengths ) atau peluang ( opportunities ) (S-O Strategy).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 138, "width": 400, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Bekerja sama dengan transportasi online untuk pembelian dan pengiriman barang (S1, 05)  Market Development Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 165, "width": 401, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Membuat sistem sendiri, dengan melakukan produksi sendiri atau membuat kerja sama dengan supplier untuk membuat merek sendiri. (S4,03)  Product Development Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 126, "top": 207, "width": 400, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menambah promosi kepada konsumen yang berfungsi untuk menarik minat konsumen supaya order sesuai dengan sistem supply chain (S4, S5, 04)  Product Development Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 248, "width": 415, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Strategi kelemahan (weakness) atau peluang (opportunities) (W-O Strategy).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 260, "width": 418, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Mengembangkan titik distribusi baru (W1, 02, 04)  Market Penetration Strategy dan Forward Integration Strategy.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 287, "width": 419, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mengembangkan pelayanan menggunakan sistem online (W2, W5, T5)  Market Penetration.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 317, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Memperbaiki standar operasional perusahaan untuk meningkatkan pelayanan dengan memaksimalkan teknologi (W3,06)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 345, "width": 369, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Startegi kekuatan ( strengths) atau Ancaman (threats) (S-T Strategy).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 359, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Membuat marketing program khusus customer loyal, seperti program hadiah langsung (S6, T2, T5)  Market Penetration.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 386, "width": 404, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Menyusun studi kelayakan untuk toko yang ada dan yang akan datang (S3, T6)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 400, "width": 386, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Strategi kelemahan (weakness) atau Ancaman (threats) (W-T Strategy)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 414, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Melakukan promosi dengan menggunakan media sosial (W2,W5,T5)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 428, "width": 418, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Memberikan pelatihan ke karyawan terkait dengan operasional dan pelayanan (W4,T2)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 456, "width": 287, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Stategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE Matrix)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 469, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil analisis SPACE yang dilakukan pada PT. XYZ dapat di susun ke dalam SPACE Matrix yang dapat dilihat pada table 4.5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 497, "width": 347, "height": 266, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4.5 SPACE Matriks Description Rata-rata Financial strength (FS) Ratio Lancar 4 Pendapatan 5 Penjualan Bersih 4 4,3 Total 13 Industry Strength (IS) Rata-rata Menyediakan pelayanan kepada pelanggan lebih baik 5 Tingkat konsumsi konsumen yang tinggi 5 Dapat mengatur order dan pengiriman lebih cepat 6 5,3 Total 16 Competitive Advantage (CA) Rata-rata Dapat membantu Toko retail dalam pemenuhan stok -2 Belum ada kompetitor yang menggunakan -3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 69, "width": 347, "height": 153, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sistem ini Banyak nya toko retail yang tersedia -2 -2,3 Total -7 Environment Stability (ES) Rata-rata Produktivitas karyawan meningkat dan terkoordinir -1 Konsumen yang loyal -3 Dapat menyediakan item produk lebih banyak -2 -2 Total -6", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 454, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Koordinat vektor arah IS dan CA: Sumbu x = 4,3 + (-2,3) = 2 Koordinat vektor arah FS dan ES: Sumbu y = 5,3 + (-2) = 2,3 dengan menggunakan SPACE matriks, PT. XYZ memasuki kuadran Aggresive , PT. XYZ direkomendasikan untuk melakukan strategi agresif sebagaimana dilihat dalam profil strategi sumbu x dan y pada gambar 4.2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 221, "top": 308, "width": 157, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4.2 Profil sumbu x dan y PT.XYZ", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 633, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan rekomendasi strategi agresif ini dinilai bahwa hal terpenting untuk PT. XYZ adalah melakukan strategi integrasi ke belakang, depan dan horizontal, penetrasi pasar, pengembangan pasar, pengembangan produk dan diversifikasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 251, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tahap Keputusan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 454, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Matriks QSPM menentukan strategi terbaik yang akan diambil berdasarkan critical success factor yang telah diidentifikasikan sebelumnya (TWOS matriks dan SPACE matriks ) yang mencakup faktor internal dan eksternal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 261, "top": 97, "width": 77, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4.6 QSPM Matrix", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 138, "width": 484, "height": 436, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Key Factor Strategy market development Strategy Differentiation Weight Attractiveness score Total attractiveness score Attractiveness score Total Attractiveness Score S1 0.10 4 0.4 0.10 0.4 S2 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.27 S3 0.10 4 0.4 0.10 0.2 S4 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.27 S5 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.36 S6 0.07 2 0.14 0.07 0.14 S7 0.07 3 0.21 0.07 0.14 W1 0.09 4 0.36 0.09 0.27 W2 0.09 2 0.18 0.09 0.27 W3 0.08 2 0.16 0.08 0.08 W4 0.07 3 0.21 0.07 0.14 W5 0.07 2 0.14 0.07 0.21 TOTAL 1.00 O1 0.09 4 0.36 4 0.36 O2 0.08 4 0.32 4 0.32 O3 0.10 3 0.3 4 0.4 O4 0.07 3 0.21 2 0.14 O5 0.07 3 0.21 2 0.14 O6 0.09 1 0.09 1 0.09 T1 0.09 4 0.36 3 0.27 T2 0.09 3 0.27 3 0.27 T3 0.08 1 0.08 1 0.08 T4 0.07 1 0.07 1 0.07 T5 0.09 4 0.36 4 0.36 T6 0.08 2 0.16 4 0.32 TOTAL 1.00 6.07 5.57", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 605, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan dari matriks QSPM, nilai strategy market development adalah 6,07 dimana lebih tinggi dari pada strategy differentiation yang sebesar 5,57. Oleh karena itu PT. XYZ lebih mengutamakan strategy market development dalam menjalankan bisnisnya. Strategy differentiation bisa dijadikan pendukung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 674, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi Strategi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 688, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam implementasinya, strategi pengembangan sistem supply chain yang mengarahkan perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kepada konsumen. Perusahaan harus mengambil tindakan proaktif dan reaktif dalam bidang produksi dan pemasaranya untuk dapat bersaing dengan pesaing-pesaing lainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 743, "width": 455, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan bersaing merupakan hal yang penting bagi setiap perusahaan, termasuk pada perusahaan PT. XYZ. Semua kegiatan di dalam suatu perusahaan, baik langsung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "maupun tidak langsung harus dapat membawa implikasi terhadap kemampuan bersaing perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 96, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementasi strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh PT. XYZ adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 110, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Membuat divisi khusus yang bertugas untuk mengembangkan dan mengawasi kinerja dari sistem suplly chain yang sudah berjalan saat ini dan supaya dapat selalu meningkatkan hasil dan kinerja yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 152, "width": 454, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Melakukan efektif efisiensi dalam hal keuangan yang berfungsi untuk mengurangi pengeluaran pengiriman distribusi ke konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 425, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Membuat sistem operasional prosedur (SOP) kepada team penjual untuk di terapkan setiap kali mereka kunjungan ke semua toko langganan yang ada.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 207, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 218, "width": 454, "height": 69, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Model supply chain management PT. XYZ saat ini dapat memenuhi layanan kebutuhan konsumen, hal ini disebabkan oleh adanya dukungan yang baik dari internal perusahaan. Diantaranya masih ada kekurangandari sistem supply chain ini yaitu dari pengembangan sumber daya manusia, teknologi yang tidak dimanfaatkan untuk memaksimalisasi proses bisnis dan kegiatan marketing yang tidak berjalan dengan baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 454, "height": 69, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Model supply chain management PT. XYZ yang ada saaat ini masih perlu pengembangan yang bertujuan untuk memaksimalkan kinerja team penjual dan meningkatkan pelayanan kepada konsumen baik dalam hal order maupun pengiriman produk ke toko langganan yang ada, dengan tidak melupakan efisiensi pengeluaran supaya perusahaan dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 34, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 370, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Memaksimalkan aset perusahaan seperti pabrik yang besar dan fasilitas transportasi yang tersedia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Mengoptimalkan teknologi informasi yang ada untuk memudahkan komunikasi antara penjual, perusahaan dengan konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 425, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Meningkatkan kinerja sumber daya manusia dengan menyediakan pelatihan kerja didalam dan diluar lapangan serta pendidikan formal agar lebih andal dan kompeten.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 453, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": " Membuat perkiraan kebutuhan produksi yang akan dikelola dengan cara pendataan permintaan barang oleh team penjual, pencatatat dan pelaporan persediaan barang untuk membuat perencanaan persediaan yang akurat dan alokasi pengiriman lebih cepat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 649, "width": 72, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENSI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 676, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Chopra, Sunil & Peter Meindl. 2004. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning, and Operations. Prentice Hall. New Jersey.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 704, "width": 454, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Anonim. 2014. Pendahuluan : Latar Belakang Supply Chain Management. http: // e- journal.uajy.ac.id/3666/2/ITF03558.pdf. Diakses pada tanggal 28 Oktober 2014. Indrajit, R.E dan Djokopranoto. 2003. Konsep Manajemen Supply Chain : Cara Baru Memandang Mata Rantai Penyediaan Barang. Grasindo. Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 38, "width": 410, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL MANAJEMEN BISNIS DAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN/Volume 02/No.1/Januari-2018 : 11-22", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 797, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 69, "width": 455, "height": 149, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fitzsimmons, J. A., & Fitzsimmons, M. J. (2006). Service Management: Operations, Strategy, Information Technology. McGraw-Hill International Edition. Pujawan, I.N. 2005. Supply Chain Management. Guna Wydia. Ross, D.F. 2003. Introduction to E-Supply Chain Management. U.S: St. Lucie Press. Simchi-Levi et al. 2000. Designing and Managing The Supply Chain : Concept, Strategies, and Case Studies. Singapore: Mc Graw-Hill Higher Education. Hopp, W. J. (2008). Supply Chain Science. McGraw-Hill International Edition. New York Indrajit, Richardus E. & Djokopranoto, Richardus. 2002. Konsep Manajemen Supply Chain. PT. Grasindo. Jakarta Krajewski, L., Ritzman, L., &Malhotra, M. (2007). Operation Management: Processes and Value Chains. Pearson Prentice Hall.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 221, "width": 454, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adeoye, A. O., Elegunde, A. F. (2012). Impacts of External Business Environment on Organisational Agus Maulana. M, Porter. (2008). Strategi Bersaing, Teknik Menganalisis Industri dan Pesaing. Jakarta : Penerbit Erlangga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 262, "width": 455, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bungin, Burhan, (2005). Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta : Prenada Media Group Daft. R. L. (2010). Organization Theory and Design — 10th edition. 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Penulis menamatkan pendidikan S2 di UNTAR University dalam bidang Magister Manajemen (peminatan: Strategik) pada tahun 2018. DR. Ir. Eddy Herjanto, SE, MSc Dosen pada Program Magister Manajemen, Universitas Tarumanagara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 76, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" } ]

6d58d974-5df1-e7d9-2b57-9aa7e4c6732b

http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish/article/download/6233/3378

[ { "left": 149, "top": 71, "width": 111, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS- JISH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 97, "width": 344, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies on Humanities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 114, "width": 256, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 2 Issue 1, 2019 ISSN (print) : 2621-0843 ISSN (online) : 2621-0835 Homepage : http://journal.unhas.ac.id/index.php/jish", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 62, "top": 761, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 761, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 182, "width": 443, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Untruth Friendship and Starvation in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 216, "width": 301, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah 1 , Burhanuddin Arafah 2 , Herawaty 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 243, "width": 152, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 278, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 484, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research aims to explore (1) the untruth friendship of Winnie-the-Pooh and (2) its advice for solving starvation of human being in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh. The research is a descriptive qualitative method with the support of semiotic approach. It uses smoke- fire concept in Pierce’s Index to look after Aristotle’s 8 characteristics of friendship. Those are explored through Winnie-the-Pooh novel as a primary data and Nicomachean Ethics, book of sociology, and dictionaries as a secondary data. The research discover the untruth is over 4 acts of characters. It keeps some friendship characteristics within. Therefore, those 4 acts directs a man to get a help of a friend.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 378, "width": 442, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Untruth friendship, Winnie-the-Pooh, Starvation, semiotics, Peirce, Smoke-fire concept.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 401, "width": 485, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "How to cite: Syahidah, A A, et al. (2019). The Untruth Friendship and Starvation in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh . ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities, 2 (1), 24-38.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 452, "width": 83, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 472, "width": 485, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Literature is often regarded to unreal and untrustworthy work. In fact, fiction has exposed a lot of the truth of life. One of them is Jack the Ripper, a character in the novel by Arthur Conan Doyle that comes from a figure of the serial killer of working women in 1888 (Hansen and Wilbert, 2006:4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 533, "width": 485, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Although the story of a novel is a fiction, the logic of communicating the story, the conversation between characters, the emotion of the characters, the characters themselves, the setting and the plot require observation to catch readers’ attention (Wiener and Eisenberg, 2002:12-12). It is to excite the story as the reality of life. Therefore, a notion that fiction is merely to satisfy human desires and feelings is unwise thought. Stories of romance, friendship, or betrayal are more than offering the feeling of happiness and sadness. It is a medium to learn excessively about the meaning of life. Through the fiction, the love of two human beings which is unapproved and ends to a death as depicted in Romeo and Juliet by Shakespeare is a warning. Equipment, which is installed to horses, and their tail, which is cut on, hurt the horses as depicted in Sewell’s Black Beauty (Syahidah, 2013: 79-80). Immortalizing the name of family is also possible as Milne did in the Winnie-the-Pooh .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 705, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Speaking of the Winnie-the-Pooh , its first appearance in Indonesia is as a cartoon character played on television. Along with other characters, it steals the heart of society. It", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 746, "width": 175, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1,2,3 English Language Studies, Hasanuddin University", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 84, "width": 485, "height": 152, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "is taken as a decorative equipment of children’s daily belongings such as pencil, pen, book, and others. In the day of Friendship in United Nation, Winnie-the-Pooh is lifted as the world’s Ambassador of Friendship (McCann, 2011:11) . Moreover, the novel is massively cited by websites such as goodreader , southernliving , greetingcardpoet , et cetera. The dolls, that inspire its characters, and other stuffs are saved in a museum (Kisch, 2009:55). The skeleton of real Winnie bear is also in the museum for fans (Coughlan, 2015:1). More than that, its story is translated into 31 languages, included Latin, Japanese, Thai, French, and another languages (Thwaite, 1992:187). Those, especially the title, are appreciation for the novel which is impressed. Unfortunately, the impression of friendship title goes down at reading comprehension. Almost all chapters in the novel exemplify acts which provoke distrust of the title.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 242, "width": 486, "height": 110, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aris totle’s chapter of Friendship and Love discusses there are characteristics needed to consider the friendship. It mentions that between persons should have pleasure and good in the motive of the characteristics to be told as truest friendship such as the respect of duration and judgement (Aristotle and Peters, 1920; 251-317). That means time which is spent and shows the shortcoming of a friend has him rejoice and accept it. But then, Christopher’s act exemplifies difference and becomes a sign which weakens Winnie-the- Pooh ’s friendship title. Therefore, an untruth of friendship might be possessed by the Winnie-the-Pooh .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 361, "width": 486, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "However, the appointment of Winnie-the-Pooh as a Friendship Ambassador seems too attached to this work. Although there are indications of the untruth friendship, good values which is beneficial for humanity still stick to it. A magnitude of the signal at reading the novel deserves to research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 422, "width": 486, "height": 108, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For the researcher, literature is a medium of truth-keeping. It functions like a radio that records sounds or a video that records events. That literary work is the most complicated medium because it requires in-depth study to discover it. Beside that, every works and its truth might contribute benefits for humanity. From those thoughts, this research is most inclined to comprehend the untruth friendship and its benefits which might come up from Winnie-the-Pooh . Rather than speculating, it deserves scientifically analysis. Therefore, a decision is made to create this research as the benefits on untruth of fr iendship for humanity in Milne’s Winnie-the-Pooh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 539, "width": 485, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "After reading comprehension, there are several problems that can be identified. First, Winnie-the-Pooh had appointed as an Ambassador of Friendship in 1997. Websites cited some words as friendship. But then , the ‘silly’ word uttered by Christopher and the preventing attitude of Rabbit create question; is the Winnie-the-Pooh appropriate as an Ambassador of Friendship? Second, It has the magnitude of the power to provide a stipulation in the thinking of its readers as friendship, but some of the story exposes its opposite. Whether these can be said to be wise and can benefit humans?", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 641, "width": 486, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Before executing this research, there are several researches which had been committed. These researches were read by researcher. Some of the researches were used as a knowledge but some as a supporting idea.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 689, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "First, Biniek (2013) wrote Aristotle on the Good of Friendship; Why the Beneficiary is not What Matters. Biniek discusses that Aristotle is consistent to understand human being through his friendship theory where a matter of its benefits is not owned by whom but by both. It means that there is an interaction between two people. In her understanding, the friendship increases the happiness from within. It is not prioritized of altruism and egoism .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 56, "top": 84, "width": 486, "height": 55, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Moreover, the changing will not appear on each friend nor making use of a friend’s kindness. Otherwise, benefits is mutual for each friend and requires the mutual of spirituality. Pleasant , for instance, each parties have the pleasant equally. Meanwhile, pleasant and useful are character friendship which makes the friendship lasting.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 148, "width": 486, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Two next month, Smith (2015) analyses the same novel whose research entitled Winnie the Pooh Characters and Psychological Maslow Disorders. The research discovers that every character in the novel is different in their psychological disorder . However, the disorder is not dangerous nor needs hospitality. He analyzes it by Diagnostic and Statistics Manual (DSM-5), a criteria for psychological disorder and find out disorder such as (1) Binge Eating Disorder on Pooh, (2) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Eeyore Dysthymia on Piglet, (3) Dyslexia on Owl, (4) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder in Rabbit, (5) Social Anxiety Disorder on Kanga Roo, dan (6) Dissociative Identity Disorder on Christopher. According to him, the disorder has been had by people since they are a child.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 278, "width": 486, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To support this research, there are 3 theory. First, it is the semiotics of Peirce: index. This research focuses on Peirce’s theory in Atkin (2005:163) as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 312, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "if a sign is an index, it must stand for its object through some existendal or physical fact. For example, smoke acts as a sign for fire because of the causal connection between the two; when a fire is blazing, it has the physical effect of producing smoke. This physical connection enables us to use smoke as a sign for the presence of fire.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 387, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the concept of smoke-fire, it is possible to use as follows: because a friendship title exists, there is the interaction of friendship in the novel as a sign. The title is the smoke generated by the fire blazing. Meanwhile, the interaction is the fire which is blazing. The interaction must be blazing and producing the title. Therefore, it stirs to the activity of reading the novel. This activity then rises the other smoke-fires.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 459, "width": 486, "height": 97, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The second is Aristotle’s Friendship theory which discussed that 8 characteristics needed to see the friendship. Friendship starts with the word friend of two or more men. It then becomes friendship if they have the same characteristics for each other with the same level. It means that they both have well-wishing , pleasure , useful , pleasant , virtue , respect , trust , and loving which are mutual, similar, or identical (Aristotle and Peters, 1920: 252-268). Those characteristics are not about being possessed at once, but hold one by one by each person for his friend to be a true friendship.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 564, "width": 486, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The last is the notion of fiction. Fiction as a literature is a form of self-actualization because it comes from human thinking that hopes for self-realization. Writing fiction is a human effort in fulfilling his desire to gain recognition, understanding, comprehension, and attention. It is not only that because fiction is even a self-actualization in terms of talents, thoughts, dreams, ideas, hopes, and desires. Fiction deals with the shame and self- actualizing nature of fear and even daring. Fiction is a way to manifest what is desired, with or without giving knowledge to others. Because of that, Its writing activity overcomes stressful and anxious and brings out happiness, calamity, and joy. A trailblazer of this idea is Maslow’s statement as:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 695, "width": 429, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "...self-actualizing people are not dependent for their main satisfactions on the real world, or other people or culture or means to ends or, in general, on extrinsic satisfactions. Rather they are dependent for their own development and continued growth on their own potentialities and latent re-sources. Just as", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the tree needs sunshine and water and food, so do most people need love, safety, and the other basic need gratifications that can come only from without. But once these external satisfiers are obtained, once these inner deficiencies are satiated by outside satisfiers, the true problem of individual human development begins, e.g., self-actualization. (1970:162)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 162, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nevertheless, fiction is a different kind of icon. It has a level of complexity. Voice and image can be an icon that does not need to get special treatment as described, reviewed, and so forth because both are the icon that corresponds to reality. This fiction is a sign that has to be elaborated, analysed, parsed, adjusted, and so forth to get the accuracy of the sign of the actual recording, for its nature as words.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 237, "width": 486, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Since literature is a recording and sign of the real-life events of human civilization, which require assessment, analysis, translation, perception, and adjustment to obtain the hidden signs, searching for and understanding its notion in the investigation is important. It starts from where the fictional thoughts originated. The idea of fiction comes from human cognition of the events that surround him, experienced alone or just seen. The surrounding events provide experiences. It is stimulated the ego of feeling. Leovinger (1987; 19) wrote;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 325, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Typically the feelings have some reference to the relation of the individual to other persons or to the group, such as lonely, embarrassed, homesick, self- confident, and most often, self-conscious. Consciousness of self is a prerequisite to the replacement of group standards by self-evaluated ones,...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 387, "width": 486, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Feeling from surrounding events attributes individual feelings to other individuals or groups. If that is what Leovinger thinks, an author will be possible to create a reverse story. Therefore, the replacement is a form of self-actualization. Literary works created by this kind of human cognition will follow the wishes of the author. It would mean that the events around will become a representation of objects in human cognition.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 56, "top": 462, "width": 486, "height": 107, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mentioned in the background, literary works are created not just for an occasion of the feelings but for an education of life (p.2). That is the reason of fiction inscribed by an author. He is an only person who has the idea of creating and writing as a novel. Therefore, the message of fiction has its right to be an advice of the author as recommended as follows: ‘Thus in choosing your narrative you must be very clear yourself on why you are telling about this particular event. Ask yourself this question as you are brainstorming; “What am I trying to demonstrate with this story?”’ (Wiener and Eisenberg, 2002: 58).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 578, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Method", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 56, "top": 598, "width": 486, "height": 80, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research is a qualitative research type with the literatures as a primary data and secondary data. The primary data is an object of this research that already existed and formed to be examined by qualitative analysis method. The strategy to get findings from this research is by the use of Peirce's semiotic approach, the index. Index helps this research determine the friendship created by Aristotle in Milne's novel then make it a way to discover the untruth friendship that comes from the work.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 687, "width": 485, "height": 66, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The sources of data are divided into primary data and secondary data. The primary data are databases of events of the stories in the novel Winnie-the-Pooh which is classified closely to untruth friendship hypothesis. It is included the dialog, narration, interaction, sentence, and word. It is not the entire chapters nor the entire stories but the part suspected as untruth friendship. The secondary data are literatures of other fields", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "which is required to prove, confirm, and ascertain the theory and findings. It is included journal, article, thesis, newspaper, news, website, et cetera. The data include any other studies from the internet or books. The secondary data needed is dictionaries, thesaurus, semiotics, books of sociology, articles of humanity, et cetera.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 148, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research is established with instruments, techniques, and procedure. The instruments used for this research are color pens, papers, Google Docs applications, and rectangular stickers. The techniques of analysis data are questioning, applying literary theory, using tools, marking, coding, indexing, and tabling. Meanwhile, the procedure is conducting a limitation, choosing a literature, noticing issue, reading more literature, transforming the issue through an approach, finding, discussing, and writing a report.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 236, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Findings", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 256, "width": 450, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. The Notion of the Untruth Friendship Represented in the Winnie-the-Pooh .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 276, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research hypothesizes that the friendship in the Winnie-the-Pooh is untrue. During an investigation, a conceptual framework through semiotic approach is discovered to look after the objection of this research. Its appearance is in the image as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 690, "width": 274, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 . Concept of Smoke-Fire for this Research", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 710, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This image becomes the root of this research. Depicted in image 4.1, friendship title of Winnie-the-Pooh is a stimulating smoke to detect interactions in the novel ( see image 4.1.1a). The interactions present different friendship and construct a new smoke: untruth", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 331, "width": 399, "height": 341, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untruth Friendship Acts of Characters Aristotle 8 Characteristics of Friendship Interactions in the Novel Milne’s Advice for Humanity Winnie-the-Pooh ’s Friendship Title Smoke Fire Read: Smoke of Fire Fire for Smoke 1a 2a 3b 2b 1 b 1c 3a 4a", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 86, "width": 485, "height": 81, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "friendship as hypothesis ( see image 4.1.2b). The interactions are researched and produce the acts of characters ( see image 4.1.3b). The acts are then comprehended its untruth by observing its fire, the 8 characteristics ( see image 4.1.3b to image 4.1.2b). The characteristics are overwatched in interactions in the novel. ( see image 4.1.1b). But then, this finding presents its acts of characters, characteristics analyzer, and index of interaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 175, "width": 485, "height": 273, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research discovers the untruth is true over 22 acts which have been analyzed after interactions in the novel. They are as follows: 1) Pooh asks Christopher many things fo r himself, 2) Christopher calls Pooh ‘ Silly Old Bear’, 3) Rabbit doesn’t acknowledge himself as Rabbit, his own presence, and his friend Pooh’s when he visits him, 4) Pooh visits Rabbit for food and has a will to stay because of it, 5) Pooh is not being honest to Rabbit since the beginning of his stuck at the door, 6) Pooh is not being honest to Rabbit since the beginning of his stuck at the door, 7) Christopher and Rabbit suggest Pooh to avoid eating and let him be for a week, 8) Rabbit uses Pooh’s feet as ‘towel-horse ’ during his stuck, 9) Pooh accuses Owl sneezing several times while Owl insists he is not, 10) Pooh eats honey which supposes to be his and Piglet’s bait to catch heffalump, 11) Piglet chooses to go home because of ashamed on his misidentification on his friend, Pooh, 12) Piglet chooses to go home because of ashamed on his misidentification on his friend, Pooh, 13) Pooh, Piglet and Owl are not aware of Eeyore’s birthday, 14) Pooh eats the honey, which supposes to be Eeyore’s present and changes it into Useful Pot, 15) Piglet breaks balloon, which supposes to be Eeyore’s present and gives it as it, 16) Eeyore doesn’t admit his own birthday in front of Piglet, 17) Rabbit, Pooh, and Piglet have and do their plan to fool Kanga and to kidnap his child, 18) Pooh and Rabbit leave Piglet took by Kanga, 19) Rabbit acts himself is not Rabbit but a friend who will pass Pooh’s message to Rabbit, 20) Piglet copies the Owl’s explanation and turns it into his own, 21) Christopher and friends ignore Roo’s words, and 22) Eeyore’s help is ignored by Pooh and friends.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 458, "width": 485, "height": 93, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The twenty two acts produce untruth friendship because they are exhibited in their characteristics analyzers. The characteristics analyzer is a table analyzer to exhibit 8 Aristotle’s friendship characteristics possessed by the characters in the novel. A check, a cross, or a minus are marked on it to present the existence/presence, non- existence/abstain, or inexistence / unidentified of characteristics and its mutual, similar, and identical. Those table and marks are thought out after exploring the theory of index as a sign needs physical fact and existendal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 560, "width": 485, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the acts with the untruth friendship is a smoke, it needs physical fact as the fire, lighter, and sparks. Aristotle’s 8 characteristics of friendship are taken as the lighter to exhibit the friendship characteristics in the novel. Meanwhile, to spark it, those marks will show the characters without the characteristics. Therefore, the table and its marks are created to that purpose.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 635, "width": 485, "height": 108, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research also discovers the marks on the table will be solved by exploring the novel Winnie-the-Pooh . This thought is a smoke-fire which friendship characteristics could be understood and determined by observing the words used to tell characters’ interaction. The inter action comes to the researcher’s mind after reading Biniek’s thesis where the friendship discloses to interaction. It also determines the researcher to create another table which is filled by the interaction. Those interactions consists of several scenes (this term is used in a play script to explain an event but here it is to explain a small interaction or conversation of two characters) which show the words for the characteristics even the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "acts the most. Therefore, an Interactions Index is created. Its function is to disclose which scenes blaze the characteristics to spark the report for the untruth friendship.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 120, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The acts itself are performed by each character but it is produced by some existendal interactions in the novel. The existendal interaction has its causal connection because the researcher discovers its words are spark ing the act. When the words are the spark , it must have a theory behind. The theory has a position as the lighter. The experience of the researcher is the first determiner to the words but Aristotle theory then clarify it. The theory then taking over the whole determiner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 209, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The first determiner of experience does not perform without a basis. This is implemented after exploring the theory of a child’s acts after experiencing her mother in Hoed (2014:3). This theory is used as the hypothesis of the acts.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 256, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Despite 22 acts, this research limits the report into 5 acts explains each over its Characteristics Analyzer and Interactions Index as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 290, "width": 482, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pooh asks Christopher many things for himself. For this act, the characteristics possessed by each man is:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 104, "top": 323, "width": 375, "height": 248, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Characteristics analyzer No Aristotle's friendship characteristics Pooh Christopher Mutual/similar/ identical (Yes/No) 1. Well-Wishing x ✓ No 2. Pleasure x ✓ No 3. Useful x ✓ No 4. Pleasant x ✓ No 5. Virtue ✓ ✓ Yes 6. Respect ✓ ✓ Yes 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 586, "width": 484, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The eight characteristics have been concluded by the index of plot pieces as the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 619, "width": 370, "height": 130, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Interactions Index Num. Scenes Pages 1. \"I wonder if you've got such a thing as a balloon about you?” “A balloon?\" \"Yes, I just said to myself coming along: 'I wonder if Christopher Robin has such a thing as a balloon about him?' I just said it to myself, thinking of balloons, and wondering.\" “What do you want a balloon for?” you said. Winnie-the-Pooh looked around to see that nobody was", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 663, "width": 15, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 406, "top": 64, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 144, "top": 93, "width": 264, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "listening, put his paw to his mouth, and said in a deep whisper: “ Honey!”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 129, "width": 237, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. \"But you don't get honey with balloons!\"", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 141, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\" I do,\" said Pooh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 144, "top": 154, "width": 287, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Well, it just happened that you had been to a party the day before at the house of your friend Piglet, and you had balloons at the party. You had had a big green balloon;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 129, "width": 367, "height": 249, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and one of Rabbit's relations had had a big blue one, and had left it behind, being really too young to go to a party at all; and so you had brought the green one and the blue one home with you. 12-13 3. \"Which one would you like?\" you asked Pooh. He put his head between his paws and thought very carefully. \"It's like this/' he said. \"When you go after honey with a balloon, the great thing is not to let the bees know you're coming. Now, if you have a green balloon, they might think you were only part of the tree, and not notice you, and if you have a blue balloon, they might think you were only part of the sky, and not notice you, and the question is: Which is most likely?\" 13", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 389, "width": 313, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. “Wouldn’t they notice you underneath the balloon?” you", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 404, "width": 35, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "asked.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 415, "width": 277, "height": 49, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“They might or they might not,” said Winnie-the-Pooh. “You never can tell with bees.” He thought for a moment and said: “I shall try to look like a small black cloud. That will deceive them.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 465, "width": 288, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Then you had better have the blue balloon,” you said; and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 391, "width": 310, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "so it was decided. 13", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 503, "width": 144, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. \"Christopher Robin!\"", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 144, "top": 516, "width": 193, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"Yes?\" \"Have you an umbrella in your house?\" \"I think so.\"", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 503, "width": 326, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"I wish you would bring it out here, and walk up and down with it, and look up at me every now and then, and say 'Tut-tut, it looks like rain.' I think, if you did that, it would help the deception which we are practising on these bees.\" 15-16", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 626, "width": 351, "height": 101, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. “Oh, there you are!\" called down Winnie-the-Pooh, as soon as you got back to the tree. \"I was beginning to get anxious. I have discovered that the bees are now definitely Suspicious.\" \"Shall I put my umbrella up?\" you said. \"Yes, but wait a moment. We must be practical. The important bee to deceive is the Queen Bee. Can you see which is the Queen Bee from down there?\" \"No.\" 16", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 741, "width": 12, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 144, "top": 741, "width": 326, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"A pity. Well, now, if you walk up and down with your 16-17", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 144, "top": 93, "width": 287, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "umbrella, saying, 'Tut-tut, it looks like rain,' I shall do what I can by singing a little Cloud Song, such as a cloud might sing. . . . Go!\" So, while you walked up and down and wondered if it would rain, Winnie-the-Pooh sang this song:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 154, "width": 325, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. \"Yes. So I think I shall come down.\" \"How?\" asked you. Winnie-the-Pooh hadn't thought about this. If he let go of the string, he would fall — bump —and", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 192, "width": 263, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "he didn't like the idea of that. So he thought for a long time, and then he said:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 144, "top": 217, "width": 280, "height": 48, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"Christopher Robin, you must shoot the balloon with your gun. Have you got your gun?\" \"Of course I have,\" you said. \"But if I do that, it will spoil the balloon,\" you said. \"But if you don't, \" said Pooh, \"I shall have to let go, and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 144, "top": 154, "width": 310, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "that would spoil me .\" 18", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 292, "width": 485, "height": 75, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The act of table 1 (no 1) is produced by the interaction in the novel. Each scene is a spark or a sign which contains of a reason of producing the act. Table 2 (see the table 2 no 2) sparks or shows Pooh is asking for a balloon for his food: honey. Table 2 sparks Pooh is asking the color to get himself unnoticed by the bee. Table 2 spars Pooh asking for an umbrella, Christopher to use it, and Christopher pretend there is rain to help him unnoticed. Table 2 sparks Pooh is asking Christoper to see Queen Bee for him to deceive the Queen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 376, "width": 485, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "None of table sparks Pooh does the act for his friend nor the sake of the friend. Pooh does not have the lighter ‘well-wishing’ because of that. Those scenes shows Pooh have no pleasure because those sparks have Pooh use his friend’s bear a hand . Those sparks also sparks Pooh do not do good to his friend and create his friend’s welfare . It is a fire to mark a cross too to Pooh’s useful . For the pleasant of Pooh, he is offering and evoking inconvenience on Christopher’s self. Therefore, those characteristics are marked cross and blaze the untruth friendship on the act.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 458, "width": 481, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Rabbit says the one who was eating too much is not him but Pooh. The act leads to characteristics as the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 490, "width": 379, "height": 248, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Characteristics analyzer No Aristotle's friendship characteristics Rabbit Pooh Mutual/similar/ identical(Yes/No) 1. Well-Wishing ✓ - - 2. Pleasure ✓ ✓ Yes 3. Useful ✓ - - 4. Pleasant ✓ ✓ Yes 5. Virtue ✓ - - 6. Respect x ✓ No 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 106, "width": 290, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It has been concluded from the index as the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 126, "width": 375, "height": 104, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Interaction Index of Act Num. indices Pages 1 Aha!\" said Pooh. ( Rum-turn-tiddle-um-turn .) \"If I know anything about anything, that hole means Rabbit,\" he said, \"and Rabbit means Company,\" he said, \"and Company means Food and Listening-to-Me-Humming and such. like. Rum-tum-tum-tiddle-um .” 24", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 244, "width": 345, "height": 109, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. \"Here, give us a paw.\" Pooh Bear stretched out a paw, and Rabbit pulled and pulled and pulled . . .\" Ow !\" cried Pooh. \"You're hurting!\" 28 3. \"It all comes,\" said Rabbit sternly, \"of eating too much. I thought at the time,\" said Rabbit, \"only I didn't like to say anything,\" said Rabbit, \"that one of us was eating too much,\" said Rabbit, \"and I knew it wasn't me ,\" he said. “Well, well, I shall go and fetch Christopher Robin.” 29", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 368, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Theory of friendship crates a check mark except on the characteristics of respect. Its argument is similar to the act 2. Pooh has the disadvantage of eating as justified by Smith (2015: 12) as Binge Eating Disorder. Table Interactions Index 6.3 represents that Rabbit has not been able to accept Pooh's shortcoming. Therefore, his respect is crossed. On Pooh’s, the theory creates 3 miscellaneous marks on well-wishing, pleasure, or virtue because none of them indicated that Pooh had these three things on this occasion.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 455, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pooh eats honey, which supposes to be his and Piglet’s bait to catch heffalump.The act inspires the character as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 488, "width": 371, "height": 248, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. The act inspires the character Num. Aristotle's friendship characteristics Pooh Piglet Mutual/similar/ identical(Yes/No) 1. Well-Wishing x ✓ No 2. Pleasure x ✓ No 3. Useful x ✓ No 4. Pleasant ✓ ✓ Yes 5. Virtue ✓ ✓ Yes 6. Respect ✓ ✓ Yes 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 277, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The ideas have been lined from the following index:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 106, "width": 375, "height": 79, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Interaction in the Novel No Interaction in the Novel Pages 1. ...\"I remember my uncle saying once that he had seen cheese just this colour.\" So he put his tongue in, and took a large lick... 62", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 199, "width": 372, "height": 222, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. ...\"it is. No doubt about that. And honey, I should say, right down to the bottom of the jar. Unless, of course,\" he said, \"somebody put cheese in at the bottom just for a joke. Perhaps I had better go a little further . . . just in case . . . in case Heffalumps don't like cheese . . same as me. Ah!... 62 3. Having made certain of this, he took the jar back to Piglet, and Piglet looked up from the bottom of his Very Deep Pit, and said \"Got it?\" and Pooh said, \"Yes, but it isn't quite a full jar,\" and he threw it down to Piglet, and Piglet said, \"No, it isn't! Is that all you've got left?\" and Pooh said \"Yes.\" Because it was... 62-63 4. ….when the five hundred and eighty-seventh Heffalump was licking its jaws, and saying to itself, \"Very good honey this, I don't know when I've tasted better,\" Pooh could bear it no longer. He jumped out of bed, he ran out of the house, and he ran straight to the Six Pine Trees. 65", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 434, "width": 356, "height": 122, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. But as he got nearer to it his nose told him that it was indeed honey, and his tongue came out and began to polish up his mouth, ready for it. \"Bother!\" said Pooh, as he got his nose inside the jar. \"A Heffalump has been eating it!\" And then he thought a little and said, \"Oh, no, I did. I forgot.\" 66 6. Indeed, he had eaten most of it. But there was a little left at the very bottom of the jar, and he pushed his head right in, and began to lick. 66", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 571, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results presented in this act are crosses on well-wishing, pleasure, and useful. An offender that makes this out of equilibrium is the Pooh character. Pooh gets a cross on well-wishing because he eats the honey which supposes to be a present. It is caused by his focus on himself as indicated in the analyzer 10.1-2. The cross on the pleasure is made based on the 10.2 where Pooh does not keep the honey he brings with a feeling of pleasure. Therefore, he also denotes an attitude which is contrary to the theory of useful.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 659, "width": 481, "height": 25, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pooh eats the honey, which supposes to be Eeyore’s present and changes it into Useful Pot. The act has concluded characteristics as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 692, "width": 177, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 7. Characteristics analyzer", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 712, "width": 371, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Num. Aristotle's friendship characteristics Pooh Eeyore Mutual/similar/ identical(Yes/No)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 406, "top": 64, "width": 135, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 105, "top": 90, "width": 306, "height": 194, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Well-Wishing ✓ ✓ Yes 2. Pleasure ✓ ✓ yes 3. Useful ✓ ✓ Yes 4. Pleasant x ✓ No 5. Virtue ✓ ✓ Yes 6. Respect x ✓ No 7. Trust ✓ ✓ Yes 8. Loving ✓ ✓ Yes", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 299, "width": 342, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The characteristics have been referred from the following index:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 104, "top": 318, "width": 390, "height": 209, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 8. Interactions Index No Interaction in the Novel Pages 1. ...\"Now then, Pooh, time for a little something.\" \"Dear, dear\" said Pooh, \"I didn't know it was as late as that.\" So he sat down and took the top off his jar of honey. \"Lucky I brought this with me,\" he thought. \"Many a bear going out on a warm day like this would never have thought of bringing a little something with him.\" And he began to eat. 79-80 2. \"Now let me see,\" he thought, as he took his last lick of the inside of the jar, \"where was I going? Ah, yes, Eeyore.\" He got up slowly. And then, suddenly, he remembered. He had eaten Eeyore's present! \" Bother !\" said Pooh. \"What shall I", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 475, "width": 343, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "do? I must give him something .\" 80", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 561, "width": 315, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. \"I've brought you a little present,\" said Pooh excitedly.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 131, "top": 581, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "\"I've had it,\" said Eeyore.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 104, "top": 561, "width": 370, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pooh had now splashed across the stream to Eeyore, and Piglet was sitting a little way off, his head in his paws, snuffling to himself. \"It's a Useful Pot,\" said Pooh. ... 88 4. When Eeyore saw the pot, he became quite excited. \"Why!\" he said. \"I believe my Balloon will just go into that Pot!\" \"Oh, no, Eeyore,\" said Pooh. \"Balloons are much too big to go into Pots. What you do with a balloon is, you hold the balloon —\" \"Not mine,\" said Eeyore proudly.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 457, "top": 659, "width": 17, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 64, "width": 164, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN: (E) 2621-0835, (P) 2621-0843", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 229, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 99, "width": 370, "height": 92, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. \"Look, Piglet!\" And as Piglet looked sorrowfully round, Eeyore picked the balloon up with his teeth, and placed it carefully in the pot; picked it out and put it on the ground; and then picked it up again and put it carefully back. \"So it does!\" said Pooh. \"It goes in!\" \"So it does!\" said Piglet. \"And it comes out!\" 88", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 104, "top": 210, "width": 343, "height": 65, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. \"Doesn't it?\" said Eeyore. \"It goes in and out like anything.\" \"I'm very glad,\" said Pooh happily, \"that I thought of giving you a Useful Pot to put things in.\" \"I'm very glad,\" said Piglet happily, \"that I thought of", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 131, "top": 284, "width": 240, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "giving you Something to put in a Useful Pot.\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 457, "top": 210, "width": 34, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "88-89", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 309, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this result, the untruth of friendship is only shown in terms of pleasant and respect. Both cross were contributed by Pooh character. This happens because Interactions Index Table 14.1-2 is indicated that Pooh is once again focused on his Binge Eating Disorder. Even so, Eeyore is noted a check mark because the 14.4 presents a sign that Eeyore is still happy on his present. As for the other characteristics, both characters get a check mark because Pooh still gives the present and Eeyore shows signs that meet the definition of the theory.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 412, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 432, "width": 485, "height": 52, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As well as the acts, this research discovers advice. This research reports it will benefits for humanity. It is: if you are hungry, the key will be you and your mental. you must hold your kindness. This advice is produced by the index of some acts with the untruth friendship from the novel. They are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 493, "width": 388, "height": 188, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 9. Index of Act No Action of Characters Point 1. Pooh asks Christopher things for himself. 1 3. Rabbit says the one who was eating too much is not him but Pooh. 6 4. Pooh eats honey, which supposes to be his and Piglet’s bait to catch heffalump. 10 5. Pooh eats honey, which supposes to be Eeyore’s birthday. 14", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 57, "top": 715, "width": 485, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Index of Act 4 acts are indicated as a contribution to solve the problem of hunger be cause of Pooh’s behavior in act presents that in a state of hunger, the best thing should be required by someone is to drive a friend share his bread. This demeanour does not", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 405, "top": 64, "width": 137, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Ariny Syahidah. 2(1): 24-38", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 62, "top": 759, "width": 226, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ELS Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 523, "top": 760, "width": 14, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 87, "width": 485, "height": 80, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "destroy a friendship in its entirety because some characteristics such as pleasant, respect, trust, and loving are existence to hold the relationship on. However, a note creates along within. These acts direct a person to calm himself down and keep going albeit he is being questioned in his action. The person should not be ashamed of this because he is the one who needs the bread. If the feeling hit his head as act 1.3, 1.2 offers a solution that he needs is only to behave himself.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 175, "width": 485, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The advice of this act 1 is not aimed at the person who will give goodness in the form of help to someone who is starving. However, this advice is only for those who are feeling hunger. The state of Pooh as a character with Binge Eating Disorder disease that always lead him to feel a food, in this research, still shows that it is a form of a hungry person. The advice to the hungry person is allowed based on the signs found in the novel. However, this advice with the note that the hungry person must have an attitude that brings good feelings and desires for his helpers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 278, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 295, "width": 485, "height": 124, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The ‘friendship’ which is entitled to Winnie-the-Pooh is untrue. It means that the friendship is unreal because of 4 acts which is performed by two characters, Pooh and Rabbit. Pooh’s acts as well as Rabbit’s, according to Aristotle theory, have eliminated some characteristics of fr iendship. Pooh’s act in asking Christopher things for himself, for instance, it produces their friendship does not have well-wishing, pleasure, useful, and pleasant . Although that, it keeps virtue, respect, trust, and loving . Therefore, his act produces an advice which will be useful for humanity about starvation. It is you may have your friend feed you, tell your friend he was eating too much, have yourself eat the honey which is supposed to be a bait or present.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 448, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 468, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aristoteles, & F. H. PETERS. (1920). The Nicomachean Ethics of Aristotle . Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 501, "width": 485, "height": 25, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Atkin, A. (2005). Peirce on the Index and Indexical Reference. Transactions of the Charles S. 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456e9caf-5f5c-eb07-d7fc-f002a9bd8727

https://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/pantura/index.php/alhikmah/article/download/3504/2560

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Ahmad Lazim, M .Pd", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 642, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dialog Fiqh dan Tasawuf Di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 267, "top": 654, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achmad Faqeh, M.HI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 184, "width": 375, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Quran dan Keautentikannya; Kajian tentang Rasm Al-Qur’an dalam Mushaf Uthmani", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 212, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herfin Fahri", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 147, "top": 234, "width": 375, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Storytelling : Alternatif Media untuk Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter pada Siswa Arif Syamsurrijal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 289, "width": 375, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemikiran Pendidikan Muhammad Atthiyah Al-Abrasyi dan Relevansinya dengan Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia M. Thoyyib", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 343, "width": 337, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problematika Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Tafsir dan Hadis Tarbawi di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam di Surabaya", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 370, "width": 217, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Yusam Thobroni dan Zaini Tamin AR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 397, "width": 327, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Melalui Supervisi Kepala Madrasah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 411, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Muzakki dan Lailatul Badriyah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 438, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Disiplin Ilmu", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 452, "width": 100, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Joko Hadi Purnomo", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 479, "width": 375, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Membangun Moral Bangsa Perspektif Al-Qur’an", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 507, "width": 165, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ardi Andika Wadi dan Ali Hendri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 534, "width": 375, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Upaya Guru Dalam Pembentukan Akhlak Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kota Batu Ibrahim Maulana Syahid Nur A’la, M. Hanif; dan Ika Anggraheni", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 587, "width": 375, "height": 28, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Pembelajaran Qur’an Hadits Dengan Flipped Learning Untuk Siswa Kelas V MI Wali Songo Annur Wadung Tuban", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 147, "top": 618, "width": 213, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Yusuf dan Husniyatus Salamah Zainyati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 646, "width": 375, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teacher's Interest In Using Media Technology In Madrasah Diniyah Miftahussa'adah Mojoagung Jombang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 147, "top": 674, "width": 53, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ali Muhsin", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 708, "width": 354, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "LPPM Institut Agama Islam Al-Hikmah Tuban Jl. PP. Al Hikmah Binangun Singgahan Tuban Jawa Timur 62361 Telp. (0356) 7033241. E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 43, "width": 219, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 323, "top": 43, "width": 201, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p- ISSN: 2088-2556 e-ISSN: 2502-6100", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 780, "width": 408, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 136, "top": 90, "width": 340, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 327, "width": 234, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Dan Taqwa Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Prof. Dr. KH. Achmad Mudlor, SH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 364, "width": 160, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menelusuri Iman Manusia Drs. HM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 377, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminul Wahib, MM", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 153, "top": 402, "width": 253, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Orientasi Sistem Berpikir Dalam Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. H. Abu Azam Al-Hadi, MM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 440, "width": 147, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengenal Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. Akhmad Najikh, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 235, "top": 490, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Islam dan Etos Kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 214, "top": 503, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. Ahmad Sodikin. S.Pd., M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 168, "top": 528, "width": 222, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pencermatan Paradigma Nilai-Nilai Luhur Islam Dalam Tata Hidup Bermasyarakat dan Bemegara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 553, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. H. Muslich, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 578, "width": 236, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peranan Potensi Kreatifitas Mental Dalam Meningkatkan Argumentasi Berfikir Rasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 604, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. KH. Ahmad Lazim, M .Pd", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 198, "top": 629, "width": 163, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dialog Fiqh dan Tasawuf Di Indonesia Achmad Faqeh, M.HI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 206, "width": 457, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adalah Jurnal yang terbit dua kali dalam setahun, yaitu bulan Maret dan September, berisi kajian-kajian keislaman baik dalam bidang pendidikan, hukum, politik, ekonomi, sosial, maupun budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 283, "width": 96, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketua Penyunting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 297, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muhammad Aziz", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 234, "top": 324, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wakil Ketua Penyunting", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 238, "top": 338, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Niswatin Nurul Hidayati", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 366, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyunting Pelaksana", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 167, "top": 379, "width": 264, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vita Vitriyatul Ulya, Nur Lailatul Fitri, Mujib Ridwan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 256, "top": 407, "width": 87, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyunting Ahli", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 200, "top": 421, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muwahid (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 175, "top": 434, "width": 248, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahmad Suyuthi (Universitas Islam Lamongan) Abu Azam Al Hadi (UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 462, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kasuwi Saiban (Universitas Merdeka Malang)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 216, "top": 476, "width": 166, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Fuadi (IAIN Tulungagung) M. Asror Yusuf (STAIN Kediri)", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 268, "top": 517, "width": 62, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tata Usaha", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 531, "width": 369, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zainal Abidin, Edy Kisyanto, Agus Purnomo, Kumbi Hartono, Tatang Aulia Rahman", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alamat Penyunting dan Tata Usaha: LPPM Institut Agama Islam Al-Hikmah Tuban Jl. PP. Al Hikmah Binangun Singgahan Tuban Jawa Timur 62361 Telp. (0356) 7033241. e- mail : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 457, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyunting menerima tulisan yang belum pernah diterbitkan oleh media cetak lain. Naskah diketik dengan spasi 1,5 cm pada ukuran A4 dengan panjang tulisan antara 20-25 halaman (ketentuan tulisan secara detail dapat dilihat pada halaman sampul belakang). Naskah yang masuk dievaluasi oleh dewan peyunting. Penyunting dapat melakukan perubahan pada tulisan yang dimuat untuk keseragaman format, tanpa mengubah maksud dan isinya .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 43, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 337, "top": 43, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "p-ISSN: 2088-2556 e-ISSN: 2502-6100", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 796, "width": 340, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 150, "top": 92, "width": 340, "height": 71, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 175, "top": 290, "width": 255, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Imam Dan Taqwa Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Prof. Dr. KH. Achmad Mudlor, SH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 328, "width": 161, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menelusuri Iman Manusia Drs. HM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 340, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aminul Wahib, MM", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 164, "top": 365, "width": 253, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Orientasi Sistem Berpikir Dalam Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. H. Abu Azam Al-Hadi, MM", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 403, "width": 146, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengenal Dunia Kreatifitas Drs. Akhmad Najikh, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 247, "top": 453, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Islam dan Etos Kerja", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 466, "width": 140, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. Ahmad Sodikin. S.Pd., M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 182, "top": 491, "width": 223, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pencermatan Paradigma Nilai-Nilai Luhur Islam Dalam Tata Hidup Bermasyarakat dan Bemegara", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 245, "top": 516, "width": 97, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. H. Muslich, M. Ag", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 542, "width": 236, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peranan Potensi Kreatifitas Mental Dalam Meningkatkan Argumentasi Berfikir Rasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 567, "width": 131, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Drs. KH. Ahmad Lazim, M .Pd", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 592, "width": 163, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dialog Fiqh dan Tasawuf Di Indonesia", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 244, "top": 605, "width": 98, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Achmad Faqeh, M.HI", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 263, "top": 206, "width": 87, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR ISI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Herfin Fahri", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 242, "width": 463, "height": 485, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al-Quran dan Keautentikannya; Kajian tentang Rasm Al- Qur’an dalam Mushaf Uthmani 141-154 Arif Syamsurrijal Storytelling : Alternatif Media untuk Penanaman Pendidikan Karakter pada Siswa 155-165 M. Thoyyib Pemikiran Pendidikan Muhammad Atthiyah Al-Abrasyi dan Relevansinya dengan Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia 166-181 Ahmad Yusam Thobroni dan Zaini Tamin AR Problematika Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Tafsir dan Hadis Tarbawi di Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam di Surabaya 182-196 Ahmad Muzakki dan Lailatul Badriyah Peningkatan Kompetensi Guru Melalui Supervisi Kepala Madrasah 197-207 Joko Hadi Purnomo Pengembangan Ekonomi Islam Sebagai Disiplin Ilmu 208-216 Ardi Andika Wadi dan Ali Hendri Pentingnya Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Membangun Moral Bangsa Perspektif Al-Qur’an 217-229 Ibrahim Maulana Syahid Nur A’la, M. Hanif; dan Ika Anggraheni Upaya Guru Dalam Pembentukan Akhlak Siswa Melalui Kegiatan Ekstrakulikuler Baca Tulis Al-Qur’an di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kota Batu 230-240 Ali Yusuf dan Husniyatus Salamah Zainyati Pengembangan Pembelajaran Qur’an Hadits Dengan Flipped Learning Untuk Siswa Kelas V MI Wali Songo Annur Wadung Tuban 241-250 Ali Muhsin Teacher's Interest In Using Media Technology In Madrasah Diniyah Miftahussa'adah Mojoagung Jombang 251-258", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 346, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 74, "width": 396, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI GURU MELALUI SUPERVISI KEPALA MADRASAH", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 202, "top": 114, "width": 212, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ahmad Muzakki 1 dan Lailatul Badriyah 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 143, "width": 421, "height": 162, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract : The research in this article aims to qualitatively explain how the supervision of madrasah principals, in the supervision of madrasah principals, there are several aspects that need to be considered, namely: the supervision program compiled by the head of madrasah, the principles of supervision applied by the head of the madrasah, the approach used by the head of the madrasah in conducting supervision, evaluation by the head of the madrasah after conducting supervision and the head of the madrasah follows up on the results of his supervision. In this article, we will describe how the supervisory process is carried out by the head of madrasah in order to improve teacher competence. In writing this article, it can show the role of the principal as follows: a supervision program consisting of goals, schedule objectives and instruments made by the head of the madrasah, the principal must be cooperative, humanist and sustainable, and collaborative principles.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 308, "width": 226, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Teacher Competency Improvement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 336, "width": 71, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak lahir hingga dewasa, manusia terus mengalami perubahan, baik itu pertumbuhan maupun perkembangan yang dialaminya. Sebagai makhluk hidup yang dikaruniai akal oleh sang pencipta, manusia secara dinamis terus mengalami pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, pertumbuhan secara fisik dan perkembangan secara psikologi. Perkembangan yang dialami manusia berupa potensi yang dimiliki baik bawaan sejak lahir maupun potensi yang terlatih. Potensi yang dimiliki manusia memiliki kesemoatan besar untuk dikembangkan melalui proses pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 446, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepribadian dan watak termasuk nilai-niai humanisme yang diwariskan melalui proses pendidikan. Pada dasarnyanya kebutuhan utama manusia adalah pendidikan, karena sifat humanism yang menuntun manusia melalui pendidikan. 3 Manusia hidup di dunia secara alami mengalami banyak problem , challenge dan tuntutan. Hal ini disebabkan karena banyaknya tuntutan manusia. Pendidikan yang mana menjadi peran penting bagi manusia untuk bias hidup di tengah-tengah masyarakat dalam menghadapi berbagai masalah dan tuntutan, sebab dengan pendidikan permasalahan manusia akan lebih mudah diatasi. Seiring zaman yang semakin maju, pembelajaran yang baik, dapat dicapai dari adanya sistem pendidikan yang bermutu. Pendidikan yang bermutu dapay dilihat dari aspek pengajarnya dalam hal ini adalah seorang guru, guru yang bermutu adalah guru yang professional, kompeten dalam bidangnya, kompeten dalam bidangnya ditandai dengan proses pendidikan yang ditempuh dengan bidang studi yang diajarkan linier, meskipun tidak sedikit guru yang berkompeten secara pendidikan dan bidang studi yang ajarkan tidak linier, karena faktor pembinaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 456, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guru yang berinteraksi secara langsung dengan siswa, maka guru memiliki peran yang strategis dalam mencetak kader yang bermutu dan kompeten. Oleh karena itu, peran kepala madrasah dalam mengelola lembaga pendidikan juga penting. Karena kepala madrasah selain mengelola SDA yang ada dilembaga, juga mengelola SDM yakni guru. Dalam mengelola guru hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah bagaimana kepala madrasah menciptakan atmosfer lembaga dan budaya kerja yang kondusif, serta melakukan pengawasan terhadap guru dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 730, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 742, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 753, "width": 306, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Teguh Triwiyanto, Pengantar Pendidikan (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2014).1.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "198", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "proses pembelajaran. Selain itu, kepala madrasah juga harus melakukan evaluasi dalam proses pengawas kinerja guru, serta tindak lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah inilah yang disebut dengan supervisi. Meskipun pada dasarnya supervisi meliputi pengawasan, penilaian, evaluasi dan tindak lanjut. Dengan melakukan supervisi, kepala madrasah dapat menjamin kualitas kinerja guru dalam pembelajaran dan profesionalisme guru. Kepala madrasah yang dalam hal ini berperan sebagai orang yang mensupervisi (supervisor) menjadi perhatian utama bagi guru- guru yang lain, karena kemampuan seorang supervisor akan menjadi cerminan bagi semua guru. 4 Oleh karena itu, kepala madrasah harus memiliki kemampuan atau kompetensi lebih dari gurunya. Sehingga peningkatan kinerja guru selain melalui proses supervisi, juga melalui cerminan dari kepala madrasah. 5", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 456, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seorang guru dalam melaksanakan tugas mengajar, sanagt memerlukan supervisi, supervisi ini bermaksud agar seorang guru mengetahui secara jelas apa pekerjaan dan tujuan dalam mendidik siswanya. Selain itu, guru juga harus memiliki kompetensi tentang mata pelajaran yang diajarkan, tujuan dari pembelajaran serta tugas yang lainnya. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sahertian berpendapat bahwa supervisi adalah upaya yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah dalam memenajamen yakni merencanakan, mengorganisasikan, mengkoordinasi secara berkesinambungan dan memibna guru secara berlanjut. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala madrasah (dalam hal ini supervisor) melakukan pengawasan, penilaian dan pencatatan yang didapat dari guru selama proses pembelajaran, baik secara kuantitatif ataupun secara deskirptif kualitatif, baik yang berhubungan secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung dengan proses pembelajaran. 8 Data yang didapat oleh kepala madrasah dari proses supervisi, akan menjadi dasar pengambilan kebijakan serta tindak lanjut terhadap guru yang disupervisi dalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data yang didapat melalui proses supervisi, akan dianalisis oleh kepala madrasah untuk mengetahui apa saja kesulitan dan kendala yang dialami guru selama proses pembelajaran di kelas, serta bagaimana solusi bagi guru dapat mengatasi kesulitan dan kendala yang dialaminya, agar pembelajaran dapat berjalan secara efektif dan efisien. 9 Hal yang perlu ditekankan adalah tujuan dari adanya supervise kepala madrasah adalah untuk menemukan, menganalisis kesulitan dan kendala yang dialami guru dam proses pembelajaran, agar kepala madrasah dapat menentukan solusi agi guru yang disupervisi agar dalam pembelajaran guru dapat mengajar dengan mudah dan efektif demi hasil belajar yang maksimal. Tujuan supervisi bukan untuk mencari-cari kesalahan dan kelemahan guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 545, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mengenai kinerja guru, untuk lebih jelasnya perlu diuraikan satu persatu secara utuh. Guru disini adalah seorang pendidik, yang mendidik serta membimbing siswa. Selain itu, guru juga seseorang yang mengkondisikan ruang belajar, suasana belajar yang kondusif dan fasilitator yang mampu meberikan ruang kepada siswa untuk dapat mengeksplor segala kreatifitas, inovasi dan mengembangkan kemampuan yang dimiliki oleh siswa. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 627, "width": 417, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Ibrahim Bafadal, Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru Sekolah Dasar (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2006).66.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 71, "top": 638, "width": 455, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Tia Ayu Ningrum Sufyarma Marsidin, Elizar Ramli, “Pembinaan Kompetensi Manajerial Dan Supervisi Kepala Sekolah,” Jurnal Halaqah 1, no. 4 (2019): 427–432.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 661, "width": 463, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Mulyawan Safwandy Nugraha, “Pelaksanaan Supervisi Akademik Oleh Kepala Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Di Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat,” Nadwa 9, no. 1 (2014): 39.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 684, "width": 392, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 E Mulyasa, Manajemen Dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2012).239.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 463, "height": 33, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Ahmad Maulid, Kepala Madrasah, and Aliyah Ma ’arif As-Sa ’adiyah Payakumbuh, “Pengaruh Supervisi Kepala Sekolah Dan Pengembangan Tenaga Pendidik Terhadap Kinerja Guru Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Di Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota” 1, no. 2 (2016): 89–98.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 730, "width": 454, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Sahertian dan Frans Mataheru, Prinsip Dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan (Surabaya: Usaha Nasional, 1981).31.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 742, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Rusman, Model-Model Pembelajaran Mengembangkan Profesionalisme Guru (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2014).19.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "199", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beberapa ahli berpendapat bahwa komponen penting yang menjadi dasar kualitas sebuah pendidikan adalah seorang guru. Oleh karena itu, komopetensi seorang guru dalam mengajar harus didukung oleh semua aspek pendidikan demi tercapainya kinerja yang baik. 11 Dari hasil paparan diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa seorang guru yang memberikan arahan serta mentransfer ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi serta nilai-nilai moral yang baik untuk masa yang akan datang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 457, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Performance dalam arti bahasa indonesia berarti menampilkan, sesutau yang ditampilkan yakni berupa etos kerja atau bisa disebut juga dengan kinerja. Kinerja adalah sebuha capaian dan kinerja dapat dilihat dari kemampuan kerja. 12 Prosfesionalisme, kemampuan bersosial dan kemampuan personal menjadi ukuran capaian kinerja guru secara konseptual. 13", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Prawirosentono, menjelaskan bahwa kinerja merupakan capaian seseorang dalam suatu organisasi/lembaga, yang sesuai dengan wewenang serta tanggung jawab yang diamanahkan demi tercapainya suatu tujuan organisasi/lembaga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 283, "width": 456, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarpak pendapat dari para ahli diatas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja guru merupakan suatu kemampuan guru dalam memanajerial proses pembelajaran yang meliputi perencanaan pembelajaran, pengalokasian waktu, pelaksanaan pembelajaran, penilaian dan evaluasi proses pembelajaran. Dalam kinerja guru, kompetensi pedagogik, kepribadian dan profesionalisme dan sosial adalah empat kompetensi dasar yang harus dimiliki seorang guru, untuk menunjang kinerjanya. Selain itu. 14", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 380, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meotde penulisan merupakan kerangka berpikir yang memberikan petunjuk mengenai pokok-pokok gagasan yang akan dibahas. Untuk memudahkan pembaca dalam memahami artikel ini. Maka penulis akan membaginya kedalam beberapa bagian, yaitu pada bagian awal, bagian kedua dan bagian terakhir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arikel ini ditulis dalam bentuk uraian diskirpsi kualitatif yang berasal dari dasar teori yang telah dikemukakan oleh para ahli serta gagasan dari penulis itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu dalam penulisan artikel ini tidak menggunakan metode riset lapangan dan tidak menyertakan hasil wawancara dengan pihak terkait.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 504, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk memberikan gambaran yang lebih jelas dalam artikel ini, maka perlu dikemukakan pokok permasalahan yang disusun dengan sistematika sebagai berikut: Pada bagian awal berisi abstrak yaitu gambaran artikel, selanjutnya yaitu Pendauluan yang berisi paparan teori tentang kinerja guru, supervisi kepala madrasah serta pengaruh antara keduanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 559, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bagian kedua yaitu pembahasan, yang meliputi gagasan pokok pikiran penulis tentang judul yang diangkat, yakni tentang peningkatan kinerja guru melalui supervisi kepala madrasah. Dalam pembahasan ini, akan dijelaskan lebih dalam pengaruh antara peningkatan kinerja guru dengan supervisi kepala madrasah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya bagian akhir adalah paparan kesimpulan dari keseluruhan artikel ini, dibagian ini juga akan dikemukakan daftar referensi yang menjadi dasar teori yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 673, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Ahmad Susanto, Manajemen Peningkatan Kinerja Guru Konsep Strategi, Dan Implementasi (Jakarta: Prenada Media Grup, 2016).139.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 462, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Chandra Febriansyah; Lukmansyah, Dian; Hartanto, Rudi; Kurniawan, “Mewujudkan Sumber Daya Manusia Yang Profesional Dalam Kompetensi Global,” Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pendidikan (2016): 570–577.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "13 Nasrun Nasrun, “Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Dan Kinerja Guru,” Ilmu Pendidikan: Jurnal Kajian Teori dan Praktik Kependidikan 1, no. 2 (2016): 63–70.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 742, "width": 462, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "14 Moh. Rahmad, “Kontribusi Supervisi Kepala Madrasah Terhadap Kompetensi Guru Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Jakarta” 1, no. 2 (2016): 96–107.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "200", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dipaparkan. Pada bagian dari akhir artikel ini meliputi daftar pustaka, lampiran-lampiran dan daftar riwayat hidup penulis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 457, "height": 163, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan kunci untuk meningkatkan sumber daya manusia Indonesia yang unggul. Dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 tahun 2007 menjelaskan bahwa seorang kepala Madarsah diangkat berdasarkan kualifikasi yang diteteapkan oleh Standar Nasional. 15 Dalam kualifikasi umum kepala Madrasah adalah sebagai berikut : memiliki kualifikasi akademik Sarjana (S1) atau Diploma (D-IV) kependidikan atau non-kependidikan pada perguruan tinggi yang terakreditasi, pada waktu diangkat sebagai kepala madrasah berusia setinggi-tingginya 56 tahun, memiliki pengalaman mengajar sekurang-kurangnya 5 tahun menurut jenjang sekolah masing-masing kecuali di Taman Kanak-kanak atau Raudhatul Athfal memiliki pengalamna mengajar sekurang- kurangnya 3 tahun di TK/RA dan memiliki pangkat serendah-rendahnya III/C bagi pegawai negeri sipil (PNS) dan non-PNS disetarakan dengan kepangkatan yang dikeluarkan oleh Yayasan atau lembaga yang berwenang. 16", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 283, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam dimensi kompetensi kepala madrasah diantaranya ada dimensi Kepribadian, Manajerial, Kewirausahaan, Supervisi dan Sosial. Pada artikel ini membahas tentang Supervisi Kepala Madrasah yang mana dalam merencanakan program supervisi akademik dalam rangka peningkatan profesionalisme guru kemudian dalam melaksanakan supervisi akademik terhadap guru dengan menggunakan pendekatan dan teknik supervisi yang tepat serta menindaklanjuti hasil supervisi akademik terhadap guru dalam rangka peningkatan profesionalisme guru.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 379, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No 19 tahun 2005 pasal 56 menyatakan bahwa pemantauan dilakukan oleh pimpinan satuan pendidikan dan komite sekolah/madrasah atau bentuk lain dari lembaga perwakilan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan secara teratur dan berkesinambungan untuk menilai efisiensi, efektivitas, dan akuntabilitas satuan pendidikan. 17 Supervisor yang efektif adalah kepala madrasah yang baik. Kepala madrasah merupakan center of leader dalam membantu efektivitas belajar mengajar, sebagaimana kita ketahui bahwa kepala madrasah sebagai pemimpin pendidikan mempunyai peranan yang besar dalam keberhasilan lembaga pendidikan. Kepala madrasah berperan memandu, menuntun, membimbing, membangun dan memberi motivasi kerja, menjalin jaringan komunikasi yang baik, memberikan supervisi atau pengawasan yang efisien dengan ketentuan waktu dan perencanaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kepala Madrasah sebagai seorang supervisor mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah serta mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting terhadap perkembangan dan kemajuan sekolah. Oleh karena itu, kepala Madrasah harus melakukan supervisi secara baik dan benar sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip dan teknik serta pendekatan yang tepat. Pembinaan-pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh kepala Madrasah kepada guru dapat meningkatkan kinerja dan dedikasi guru dalam pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 628, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas seorang supervisor adalah membantu, mendorong dan memberikan keyakinan kepada guru bahwa proses belajar mengajar dapat memberikan pengembangan berbagai pengalaman, pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan guru serta proses belajar mengajar yang dilakukan oleh guru tersebut harus dibantu secara profesional sehingga guru dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 409, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "15 Lee and Kim, Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia , 67, no. 6 (2007): 14–21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 730, "width": 453, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Lee and Kim, Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia , 67, no. 6 (2007): 14–21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 742, "width": 463, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Asmendri. Teori dan Aplikasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah dan Madrasah. (Batusangkar: STAIN Batusangkar Press, 2012).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "201", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berkembang dalam pekerjaannya yaitu untuk meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi proses belajar mengajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faktor kecakapan dan keahlian kepala madrasah itu sendiri adalah yang terpenting. Bagaimanapun baiknya situasi dan kondisi yang tersedia, jika kepala madrasah itu sendiri tidak mempunyai kecakapan dan keahlian yang diperlukan, semuanya tidak akan ada artinya. Sebaliknya, adanya keahlian dan kecakapan yang dimiliki oleh kepala sekolah, segala kekurangan yang ada akan menjadi stimulant yang mendorong untuk selalu berusaha memperbaiki dan menyempurnakannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fungsi kepala Madrasah sebagai supervisor dalam kegiatan atau usaha-usaha yang dilakukan oleh kepala Madrasah sebagaimana fungsinya sebagai seorang supervisor menurut Purwanto antara lain: 18", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Membangkitkan dan merangsang para guru dan pegawai sekolah didalam menjalankan tugasnya masing-masing dengan sebaik-baiknya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Berusaha mengadakan dan melengkapi alat-alat perlengkapan sekolah termasuk media instruksional yang diperlukan bagi kelancaran dan keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Bersama para guru berusaha mengembangkan, mencari dan menggunakan metode-metode mengajar yang lebih sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang sedang berlaku.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 435, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Membina kerjasama yang baik dan harmonis diantara para guru dan pegawai lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Berusaha mempertinggi mutu dan pengetahuan para guru dan pegawai sekolah, antar lain dengan mengadakan diskusi kelompok, menyediakan perpustakaan sekolah dan atau mengirim mereka untuk mengikuti penataran-penataran, seminar sesuai dengan bidangnya masing-masing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Membina hubungan kerjasama antara sekolah, komite sekolah dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan para siswa.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 421, "width": 456, "height": 121, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kinerja mengajar guru di sekolah adalah supervisi. Menurut Engkoswara dan Komariah menyebutkan bahwa supervisi dapat berarti pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh orang yang ahli/profesional dalam bidangnya sehingga dapat memberikan perbaikan dan peningkatan/pembinaan agar pembelajaran dapat dilakukan dengan baik dan berkualitas. 19 Kepala madrasah sebagai pimpinan langsung di sekolah, tentunya sangat mengetahui situasi dan kondisi sekolah yang sebenarnya. Selain itu, kepala madrasah juga mengetahui kekurangan dan kelebihan para guru. Oleh karena itu, kepala madrasah mempunyai kewajiban untuk melakukan supervisi terhadap para guru yang berada di sekolahnya tanpa terkecuali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 545, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam buku materi pelatihan penguatan kemampuan kepala madrasah disebutkan bahwa agar efektif supervisi pendidikan harus dilakukan secara: 20", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 573, "width": 299, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Praktis, artinya mudah dikerjakan sesuai kondisi sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 586, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Sistematis, artinya dikembangan sesuai perencanaan program supervisi yang matang dan tujuan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Objektif, artinya masukan sesuai aspek-aspek instrumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 628, "width": 280, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Realistis, artinya berdasarkan kenyataan sebenarnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 435, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Antisipatif, artinya mampu menghadapi masalah-masalah yang mungkin akan terjadi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 655, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Konstruktif, artinya mengembangkan kreativitas dan inovasi guru dalam mengembangkan proses pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 50, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Ibid, 119.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 707, "width": 372, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "19 Engkoswara dan Komariah, A. Administrasi Pendidikan . (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2011). 229.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 463, "height": 44, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "20 Surya Dharma, Supervisi Akademik....., Ibid. 8. Prinsip supervisi pendidikan yang sama juga dijelaskan dalam buku Supervisi Akademik Implementasi Kurikulum 2013, (Jakarta: Pusat Pengembangan Tenaga Kependidikan badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pendidikan dan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2014), 4.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "202", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Kooperatif, artinya ada kerja sama yang baik antara supervisor dan guru dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Kekeluargaan, artinya mempertimbangkan saling asah, asih, dan asuh dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 145, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "i. Demokratis, artinya supervisor tidak boleh mendominasi pelaksanaan supervisi akademik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 312, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "j. Aktif, artinya guru dan supervisor harus aktif berpartisipasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 186, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "k. Humanis, artinya mampu menciptakan hubungan kemanusiaan yang harmonis, terbuka, jujur, ajeg, sabar, antusias, dan penuh humor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 214, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "l. Berkesinambungan (supervisi akademik dilakukan secara teratur dan berkelanjutan oleh Kepala sekolah).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 326, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "m. Terpadu, artinya menyatu dengan dengan program pendidikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 255, "width": 384, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "n. Komprehensif, artinya memenuhi ketiga tujuan supervisi akademik di atas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi kepala Madrasah sangatlah penting untuk memperbaiki dan meningkatkan kinerja mengajar guru. Seorang kepala madrasah harus benar-benar memahami dan melaksanakan fungsi supervisi dengan benar dan tepat di sekolah yang dia pimpin. Dalam fungsi supervisi pendidikan adalah sebagai berikut: 21", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Fungsi penelitian (Research) bahwa supervisor tidak bekerja atas prasangka, tetapi menempuh prosedur yang tepat seperti merumuskan dulu masalah apa yang dihadapi personil, mengumpulkan data untuk mendapat informasi yang valid tentang suatu permasalahan yang bersangkut paut dengan masalah itu, pengolahan data, penarikan kesimpulan, sebagai bahan untuk mengambil keputusan tentang suatu permasalahan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Fungsi Penilaian (Evaluation) kesimpulan hasil penelitian dijadikan bahan evaluasi apakah objek penelitian tersebut memiliki kekuatan, kelemahan, dan menemukan solusi yang tepat untuk memutuskan suatu masalah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 435, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Fungsi Perbaikan (Improvement) apabila hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat kekurangan-kekurangan yang harus segera ditangani, maka supervisor melakukan langkah-langkah strategis dan operasional sebagai upaya melakukan perbaikanperbaikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 476, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Fungsi Pengembangan (Development) dua kondisi yang dihadapi supervisor adalah kekurangan-kekurangan dan prestasi yang dimiliki personil. Kekurangannya dilakukan perbaikan dan prestasi yang ditunjukan guru perlu mendapat pengakuan dan pengembangan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi yang dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah yaitu untuk meningkatkan kompetensi para guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, sehingga diharapkan dapat memenuhi misi pengajaran yang diembannya atau misi pendidikan nasional dalam lingkup yang lebih luas. Sebagaimana yang kita ketahui bersama bahwa masalah profesi guru dalam mengemban kegiatan belajar mengajar akan selalu dan terus berlanjut dan bantuan supervisi dari kepala sekolah sangatlah penting dalam mengembangkan profesionalisme guru dalam melaksanakan tugasnya secara maksimal. Kepala Madrasah menghendaki dukungan kinerja guru yang selalu ada peningkatan yang konsisten dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yushak Burhanuddin (2005: 100) mengemukakan bahwa tujuan supervisi adalah dalam rangka mengembangkan situasi belajar mengajar yang lebih baik melalui pembinaan dan peningkatan profesi mengajar, secara rinci sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 683, "width": 294, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektifitas belajar mengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 697, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mengendalikan penyelenggaraan bidang teknis edukatif di sekolah sesuai dengan ketentuan dan kebijakan yang telah ditentukan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 70, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "21 Ibid., 229-230.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "203", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Menjamin agar kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung dengan ketentuan yang berlaku, sehingga berjalan lancar dan memperoleh hasil yang optimal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 310, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Menilai keberhasilan sekolah dalam pelaksanaan tugasnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 131, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Memberikan bimbingan langsung untuk memperbaiki masalah, kekurangan dan kekhilafan serta membantu memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi sekolah sehingga dapat dicegah kesalahan yang lebih jauh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selanjutnya dalam Kompetensi Guru Berdasarkan Permendiknas nomor 16 tahun 2007 tentang Standar Kualifikasi Akademik dan Kompetensi Guru, dijelaskan bahwa standar kompetensi guru dikembangkan secara utuh dari empat kompetensi utama yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru yaitu: 22", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 228, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Kompetensi pedagogik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 92, "top": 241, "width": 435, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kompetensi pedagogik adalah kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru berkenaan dengan karakteristik siswa dilihat dari berbagai aspek, seperti moral, emosional dan intelektual. Seorang guru harus menguasai teori belajar dan prinsip belajar, karena siswa memiliki karakter, sifat dan kemampuan yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 456, "height": 190, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Kompetensi kepribadian Tata nilai termasuk norma, moral, estetika dan ilmu pengetahuan akan mempengaruhi perilaku etika siswa sebagai pribadi dan sebagai anggota masyarakat. Penerapan disiplin yang baik dalam proses pendidikan akan menghasilkan sikap, mental, watak dan kepribadian siswa yang kuat. Guru dituntut harus mampu membelajarkan siswanya tentang disiplin diri, belajar membaca, mencintai buku, menghargai waktu, cara belajar, mematuhi aturan atau tata tertib dan belajar bagaimana harus berbuat. Seorang guru harus mempunyai kemampuan yang berkaitan dengan kemantapan dan integritas kepribadian seorang guru. Aspek-aspek yang diamati adalah (1) bertindak sesuai norma agama, hukum, sosial dan kebudayaan nasional Indonesia; (2) menampilkan diri sebagai pribadi yang jujur, berakhlak mulia, dan teladan bagi peserta didik dan masyarakat; (3) menampilkan diri sebagai pribadi yang mantap, stabil, arif dan berwibawa; (4) menunjukkan etos kerja, tanggung jawab yang tinggi, rasa bangga menjadi guru dan rasa percaya diri; (5) menjunjung tinggi kode etik profesi guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 115, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Kompetensi sosial", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 504, "width": 435, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kompetensi Sosial yaitu Seorang guru memiliki kemampuan sosial dalam masyarakat dalam rangka pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 531, "width": 456, "height": 80, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Kompetensi professional Kompetensi profesional yaitu kemampuan yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang guru dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan proses pembelajaran. Guru mempunyai tugas untuk mengarahkan kegiatan belajar siswa untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran serta dituntut mampu menyampaikan bahan pelajaran. Guru harus selalu memperbarui dan menguasai materi pelajaran yang disajikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 614, "width": 456, "height": 94, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan Kemampuan yang harus dimiliki guru dalam proses pembelajaran dapat diamati dari beberapa aspek, yaitu: menguasai materi, struktur, konsep dan pola pikir keilmuan yang mendukung mata pelajaran yang diampu, menguasai standar kompetensi dan kompetensi dasar mata pelajaran atau bidang pengembangan yang diampu, mengembangkan materi pelajaran yang diampu secara kreatif, mengembangkan keprofesionalan secara berkelanjutan dengan melakukan tindakan reflektif, memanfaatkan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi untuk berkomunikasi dan mengembangkan diri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 711, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ada dua jenis Supervisi Pendidikan menurut Ngalim Purwanto, yaitu: Supervisi umum dan supervisi pengajaran, \"Supervisi umum adalah supervisi yang dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 456, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "22 Lee and Kim, Lampiran Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia , 67, no.16 (2007): 14–21.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "204", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadapkegiatan-kegiatan atau pekerjaan yang secara tidak langsung berhubungan dengan usaha perbaikan pengajaran seperti supervisi terhadap kegiatan pengelolaan bangunan dan perlengkapan sekolah atau kantor-kantor pendidikan, supervisi terhadap kegiatan pengelolaan administrasi kantor, supervisi pengelolaan keuangan sekolah atau kantor pendidikan, dan sebagainya.\" 23", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 159, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisi Klinis, Menurut Richard Waller dalam bukunya seperti dikutip Ngalim Purwanto, mendefinisikan supervisi klinis adalah supervisi yang difokuskan pada perbaikan pengajaran dengan melalui siklus yang sistematis dari tahap perencanaan, pengamatan, dan analisis intelektual yang intensif terhadap penampilan mengajar sebenarnya dengan tujuan untuk mengadakan modifikasi yang rasional. Selain itu definisi supervisi klinis juga dikemukakan oleh Keith Acheson dan Meredith D. Gall, mereka mendefinisikan supervisi klinis adalah proses membantu guru memperkecil ketidaksesuaian (kesenjangan) antaratingkah laku mengajar yang nyata dengan tingkah laku mengajaryang ideal 24", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 269, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan Menurut E. Mulyasa salah satu supervisi akademik yang populer adalah supervisi klinis, yang memiliki karakteristik sebagai berikut: 25", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Supervisi diberikan berupa bantuan (bukan perintah), sehingga inisiatif tetap berada ditangan tenaga kependidikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 324, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Aspek yang disupervisi berdasarkan usul guru, yang dikaji bersama kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor untuk dijadikan kesepakatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 445, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Instrumen dan metode observasi dikembangkan bersama oleh guru dan kepala sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 366, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Mendiskusikan dan menafsirkan hasil pengamatan dengan mendahulukan interpretasi guru.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Supervisi dilakukan dalam suasana terbuka secara tatap muka dan supervisor lebih banyak mendengarkan serta menjawab pertanyaan guru daripada memberi saran dan pengarahan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 435, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "f. Supervisi klinis setidaknya memiliki tiga tahap, yaitu pertemuan awal, pengamatan dan umpan balik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 462, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "g. Adanya penguatan dan umpan balik dari kepala sekolah sebagai supervisor terhadap perubahan perilaku guru yang positif sebagai hasil pembinaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h. Supervisi dilakukan secara berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan suatu keadaan dan memecahkan suatu masalah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 517, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari uraian diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa supervisi klinis lebih berorientasi kepada penemuan masalah secara obyektif. Masalah tersebut bukan untuk menekan bawahan, akan tetapi untuk dianalisis dan dilakukan pemecahan masalah (problem solving) secara bersama- sama. Kemudian untuk faktor yang mempengaruhi berhasil tidaknya supervisi menurut Purwanto ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi berhasil tidaknya supervisi atau cepat lambatnya hasil supervisi, antara lain: 26 Lingkungan masyarakat tempat sekolah itu berada, besar kecilnya sekolahyang menjadi tanggung jawab kepala sekolah, tingkatan dan jenis sekolah, keadaan para guru dan pegawai yang tersedia, kecakapan dan keahlian kepala sekolah itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agar tidak terjadi campur aduk, menurut objek yang harus disupervisi, supervisi dibagi menjadi 3 (tiga),yaitu: 27 Pertama, Supervisi akademik, supervisi akademik, yang menitikberatkan pengamatan supervisor pada masalah-masalah akademik, yaitu hal-hal yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 696, "width": 364, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 M. Ngalim Purwanto, Administrasi dan Supervisi , (Bandung: PT Rosdakarya, 2002), 89", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 707, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "24 Ibid ., 99.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 719, "width": 381, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25 E. Mulyasa, Manajemen Berbasis Sekolah. (Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosda Karya.2004), 112.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 730, "width": 462, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26 Purwanto, Konsep Dasar dan Teknik Supervisi Pendidikan dalam Rangka Pengembangan Sumberdaya Manusia. (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2000), 118.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 379, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27 Suharsimi Arikunto, Dasar-Dasar Supervisi Pendidikan, (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2004), 133.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "205", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 457, "height": 107, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "langsung berada dalam lingkungan kegiatan pembelajaran pada waktu siswa sedang dalam proses mempelajari sesuatu. Kedua, Supervisi administrasi, Supervisi administrasi, yang menitikberatkan pengamatan supervisor pada aspek-aspek administrasi yang berfungsi sebagai pendukung dan pelancar terlaksananya pembelajaran. Ketiga, Supervisi lembaga, Supervisi lembaga, yang menitikberatkan atau menyebarkan objek pengamatan supervisor pada aspek-aspek yang berada di sekolah, jika supervisi akademikdimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran maka supervisi lembaga dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan nama baik sekolah atau kinerja sekolah secara keseluruhan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan dalam Paramiter keberhasilan Supervisi adalah Keterampilan supervisi oleh kepala madrasah bisa dikatakan berhasil apabila sudah melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawabnya sebagai supervisor seperti: 28", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 241, "width": 276, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Mengorganisasi dan membina guru yang mencakup:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 255, "width": 436, "height": 177, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ketika mengorganisasi serta membina guru yang hal yang harus dilakukan oleh kepala madrasah meliputi memotivasi serta meningkatkan semangat bekerja guru, menegakkan disiplin dengan menerapkan sistem reward and punishment, kepala madrasah memberikan fasilitas konsultasi, forum diskusi dalam memecahkan masalah guru dalam hal pembelajaran. Pemberian intensif bagi guru, sebagai upaya motivasi dalam meningkatkan kinerja guru, mengembangkan profesi guru melalui program workshop, diklat pengembangan yang dilaksanakan oleh lembaga terkait. Pemberian fasilitas perpustakaan juga bermanfaat bagi tidak hanya bagi siswa, juga bagi guru dalam memfasilitasi media sumber pembelajaran, agar mampu memberi wawasan lebih kepada siswa. Selanjutnya, memberi kebebasan kepada guru dalam membuat maupun mengembangkan bahan pembelajaran secara mandiri, agar materi yang diajarkan factual dan menyesuaikan dengan kondisi siswa dan sarana prasarana madrasah, sesuai dengan indikator yang ditetapkan di kurikulum.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 435, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kurikulum yang berlaku Usaha-usaha harus dilakukan kepala madrasah dalam mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kurikulum yaitu:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 476, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Menciptakan serta mempertahankan iklim belajar yang kondusif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 490, "width": 414, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Memberi pengarahan kepada guru tentang metode pengelolaan kelas yang efektif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 504, "width": 167, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3) Mengkoordinasi staf pengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 517, "width": 386, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4) Selalu meberikan informasi terkait perkembangan pendidikan secara aktual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 531, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5) Mengembangkan program belajar yang sesuai dengan kondisi madrasah, mengembangkan materi pembelajaran bersama guru mata pelajaran,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 559, "width": 318, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6) Mengembangkan model belajar mengajar bersama guru-guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 573, "width": 370, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7) Menyediakan dan mengembangkan alat-alat bantu belajar bersama guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 586, "width": 257, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8) Memberi contoh-contoh model belajar mengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 600, "width": 359, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9) Mengembangkan program pengayaan dan remedy bersama guru-guru", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 614, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10) Membantu menciptakan sekolah sebagai pusat kebudayaan untuk mengembangkan para siswa sebagaimanusia seutuhnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 642, "width": 365, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11) Menilai dan membina ketatausahaan kelas dan sekolah pada umumnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 655, "width": 199, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12) Menilai pendidikan beserta hasilnya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 669, "width": 385, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Meningkatkan pelaksanaan aktifitas penunjang kurikulum yang mencakup:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 683, "width": 373, "height": 11, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1) Melakukan penelitian pendidikan bersama guru-guru dan kepala sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 92, "top": 697, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Mengadakan hubungan dengan masyarakat bersama dengan guru-guru dan kepala sekolah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 64, "top": 753, "width": 391, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28 Made Pidarta, Pemikiran tentang supervisi pendidikan , (Jakarta: Bumi Aksara,1999), 101-102.", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 508, "top": 38, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "206", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 784, "width": 345, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 90, "width": 65, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 103, "width": 456, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam peningkatan kompetensi guru melalui supervisi kepala madrasah dapat dilakukan dengan ketentuan yang telah ada. Pada Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia Nomor 13 tahun 2007 menjelaskan bahwa seorang kepala Madarsah diangkat berdasarkan kualifikasi yang diteteapkan oleh Standar Nasional. Sedangkan menurut Peraturan Pemerintah No 19 tahun 2005 pasal 56 menyatakan bahwa pemantauan dilakukan oleh pimpinan satuan pendidikan dan komite madrasah atau bentuk lain dari lembaga perwakilan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan secara teratur dan berkesinambungan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 200, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supervisor yang efektif adalah kepala madrasah yang baik. Kepala madrasah sebagai seorang supervisor mempunyai tanggung jawab untuk peningkatan kemampuan guru dalam mengelola kegiatan pembelajaran di sekolah serta mempunyai peranan yang sangat penting terhadap perkembangan dan kemajuan sekolah. Supervisi yang dilakukan oleh kepala Madrasah yaitu untuk meningkatkan kompetensi para guru dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, sehingga diharapkan dapat memenuhi misi pengajaran yang diembannya atau misi pendidikan nasional dalam lingkup yang lebih luas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan dalam Paramiter keberhasilan Supervisi adalah keterampilan supervisi oleh kepala madrasah bisa dikatakan berhasil apabila sudah melaksanakan tugas dan tanggung jawab sebagai supervisor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 352, "width": 85, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Rujukan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 366, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Andayani, Abdul Majid dan Dian. Pendidikan Agama Islam Berbasis Kompetensi . Bandung: Ramaja Rosdakarya, 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 393, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Arikunto, Suharsimi. Dasar-Dasar Supervisi Pendidikan . Jakarta: Rineka Cipta. 2004. Asmendri. Teori dan Aplikasi Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Sekolah dan Madrasah. Batusangkar: STAIN Batusangkar Press. 2012. Aziz, Muhammad, Ahmad Rofiq, and Abdul Ghofur. “Regulasi Penyelenggaraan Jaminan Produk Halal Di Indonesia Perspektif Statute Approach”. ISLAMICA: Jurnal Studi Keislaman 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 151-170. Accessed December 25, 2020. http://islamica.uinsby.ac.id/index.php/islamica/article/view/577.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 490, "width": 457, "height": 52, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aziz, Muhammad. BRANDING OF HALAL PRODUCTS IN INDONESIA: CONTESTATION BETWEEN RELIGIOUS, IDENTITY AND COMMODITY INTERESTS. 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Hasyim Asy’ari Dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 379, "width": 436, "height": 25, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "UU Sisdiknas Tahun 2003. Al Hikmah: Jurnal Studi Keislaman , 7(1). https://doi.org/10.36835/hjsk.v7i1.3091.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 407, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sholikah, S. 2015. Pendidikan Karakter Menurut K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Kitab Adâb al- ‘Âlim wa al-Muta‘allim. Maraji: Jurnal Ilmu Keislaman . 2, 1 (Sep. 2015), 117-143. DOI:https://doi.org/10.36835/maraji. v2i1.40.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 347, "height": 11, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teguh Triwiyanto. Pengantar Pendidikan . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2014.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 794, "width": 405, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman, Volume 10, Nomor 2, September 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 206, "top": 74, "width": 203, "height": 25, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PETUNJUK PENULISAN ARTIKEL AL HIKMAH Jurnal Studi Keislaman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 143, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Artikel merupakan tulisan konsepsional atau hasil penelitian studi keislaman yang belum pernah diterbitkan dalam media cetak lain dan/atau media online.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 184, "width": 443, "height": 73, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. 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Artikel konsepsional atau hasil penelitian memuat judul, nama dan identitas penulis, abstrak (± 250 kata), kata kunci, pendahuluan, isi atau pembahasan, penutup, daftar rujukan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 391, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Artikel yang memenuhi syarat diseleksi dan diedit penyunting untuk penyeragaman format dan gaya penulisan tanpa mengubah isinya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 442, "height": 31, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "6. Penulisan cacatan kaki/ footnote dan daftar rujukan berbeda. Perbedaannya dapat diketahui.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 474, "width": 425, "height": 52, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Catatan kaki/ footnote. Teknik penulisan catatan kaki sebagai berikut : Nama Pengarang, Koma, Judul Rujukan (dengan huruf miring/ italic), Kurung Buka, Tempat Terbit, Titik Dua, Nama Penerbit, Koma, Tahun Penerbit, Kurung Tutup, Koma, Nomor Halaman.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 526, "width": 406, "height": 27, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Hasan Langgulung, Beberapa Pemikiran tentang Pendidikan Islam (Bandung: Al Ma’arif, 2000), 215.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 554, "width": 404, "height": 14, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Philip K Hitti, History of the Arab (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1970), 87.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 570, "width": 425, "height": 38, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Daftar Rujukan Langgulung, Hasan. Beberapa Pemikiran tentang Pendidikan Islam, Bandung: Al Ma’arif, 2000.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 612, "width": 378, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hitti, Philip K. History of the Arab, London: The Macmillan Press Ltd., 1970.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 679, "width": 405, "height": 54, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Al Hikmah Volume 10 Nomor 2 Halaman 141-258 Tuban September 2020 p-ISSN: 2088-2556 e-ISSN: 2502-6100", "type": "Table" } ]

adaf3c16-14b2-1787-007b-41de5fae64f0

https://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/jurnalkelautan/article/download/5783/3952

[ { "left": 74, "top": 38, "width": 450, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://journal.trunojoyo.ac.id/jurnalkelautan Jurnal Kelautan", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 314, "top": 60, "width": 210, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 12, No. 2, 2019 ISSN: 1907-9931 (print), 2476-9991 (online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 782, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "158", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 96, "width": 403, "height": 16, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regenerasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp. melalui Propagasi Secara Ex vitro", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 133, "top": 115, "width": 332, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regeneration of Seaweed Gracilaria sp. through Ex vitro Propagation", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 136, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siti Fadilah*, Dhini Arum Pratiwi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 222, "top": 158, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loka Riset Budidaya Rumput Laut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 179, "width": 247, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Corresponding author e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 201, "width": 385, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted: 29 Juli 2019 / Revised: 30 Desember 2019 / Accepted: 30 Desember 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 222, "width": 162, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "http://doi.org/10.21107/jk.v12i2.5783", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 244, "width": 55, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 454, "height": 207, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to observe the growth of Gracilaria sp. seaweed seedlings through ex vitro propagation. Thallus was cut into thallus fragments measuring ± 2-3 cm. The treatments tested were different types of nutrients and thallus densities. The nutrients used were Provasoli Enriched Sea Water (PES) 20 mL/L, organic fertilizer A (0,05 mL/L), organic fertilizer B (0,05 mL/L) and without fertilizer; while the densities of the thallus fragment tested were 2 g/L; 2,5 g/L and 3 g/L. Thallus fragments were maintained for 8 weeks with media renewal and thallus weighing every week. Shoot length was measured and number of shoots was calculated at the end of the observation. Then, the seedlings were acclimatized at the sea for 8 weeks by binding every 10 thallus fragments to each clump rope in a net box with a side length of 50 cm. Growth was observed by weighing thallus fragments every 4 weeks. The results showed that organic fertilizer A provided better seedling growth compared to other types of fertilizers. The highest Daily Growth Rate (DGR) and shoot length occurred at a density of 2 g/L, but the number of shoots at three densities did not differ at an average of 5 shoots per thallus fragment. The highest average DGR of seedlings during acclimatization reached 4,85%/day in the first month, then decreased to 2,05%/day in the second month. Ex vitro propagation can be used as an alternative effort to propagate the seedlings of Gracilaria sp. by paying attention to the physical condition of the growth environment, especially the temperature and light intensity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 499, "width": 273, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: ex vitro, Gracilaria sp., propagation, regeneration", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 273, "top": 524, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 546, "width": 454, "height": 193, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pertumbuhan bibit rumput laut Gracilaria sp. melalui propagasi ex vitro. Talus dipotong menjadi fragmen talus berukuran ±2-3 cm. Perlakuan yang diuji yaitu jenis nutrisi dan kepadatan talus yang berbeda. Nutrisi yang digunakan adalah Provasoli’s Enriched Seawater (PES) sebanyak 20 mL/L, pupuk organik A (0,05 mL/L), pupuk organik B (0,05 mL/L) dan tanpa pupuk; sedangkan kepadatan fragmen talus yang yang diuji adalah 2 g/L; 2,5 g/L dan 3 g/L. Fragmen talus dipelihara selama 8 minggu dengan pembaruan media dan penimbangan bobot talus setiap minggu. Panjang tunas diukur dan jumlah tunas dihitung di akhir pengamatan. Kemudian, bibit diaklimatisasi di laut selama 8 minggu dengan mengikat tiap 10 fragmen talus pada tiap tali rumpun dalam kotak hapa dengan panjang sisi 50 cm. Pertumbuhan diamati dengan menimbang fragmen talus setiap 4 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk organik A memberikan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih baik dibandingkan jenis pupuk yang lain. Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (LPH) dan panjang tunas tertinggi terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L, namun jumlah tunas pada tiga kepadatan tidak berbeda yaitu rata-rata 5 tunas per fragmen talus. Rataan LPH tertinggi saat aklimatisasi mencapai 4,85 %/hari pada bulan pertama, kemudian menurun menjadi 2,05 %/hari di bulan kedua. Propagasi ex vitro dapat dijadikan salah satu upaya alternatif perbanyakan bibit Gracilaria sp. dengan memperhatikan kondisi fisik pemeliharaan, terutama suhu dan intensitas cahaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 751, "width": 261, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci : ex vitro, Gracilaria sp., propagasi, regenerasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 59, "width": 171, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Kelautan, 12(2), 158-164 (2019)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "159", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 137, "top": 78, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. adalah rumput laut penghasil agar (agarophyta) dari kelas Rhodophyceae. Seperti halnya permasalahan pada budidaya rumput laut lainnya, Gracilaria sp. juga mengalami hambatan pertumbuhan pada saat kondisi lingkungan tidak sesuai. Hal ini mengakibatkan ketersediaan bibit seringkali menjadi terbatas. Selain itu, menurut Hurtado & Cheney, (2003), kualitas bibit rumput laut seringkali menurun karena dalam praktek budidaya masih menggunakan fragmen talus berulang secara vegetatif dari hasil panen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 247, "width": 211, "height": 251, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu upaya mengatasi hambatan ini adalah melakukan perbanyakan vegetatif rumput laut melalui propagasi in vitro (kultur jaringan). Cara ini menjadi salah satu upaya untuk memperbanyak bibit unggul sebelum budidaya lapang, sehingga dapat menjaga ketersediaan bibit pada saat musim kurang sesuai. Propagasi in vitro menguntungkan karena didapatkan sifat anakan yang sama dengan induknya dalam jumlah banyak (Akin- Idowu et al. , 2009). Propagasi in vitro telah dilakukan pada Gracilaria verrucosa sampai pada tahap aklimatisasi dan budidaya (Mulyaningrum et al., 2014). Namun, propagasi in vitro ini relatif mahal karena membutuhkan kondisi pemeliharaan khusus dan sumber daya manusia (SDM) dengan keterampilan khusus. Jika dilakukan dalam skala besar maka membutuhkan perhitungan efisiensi ekonomi. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan propagasi secara ex vitro pada rumput laut Gracilaria sp .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 510, "width": 211, "height": 147, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Propagasi ex vitro yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah perbanyakan fragmen talus rumput laut dalam kondisi ex vitro di green house. Kondisi ini berbeda dengan propagasi in vitro yang dilakukan dalam botol kaca di laboratorium. Pada propagasi in vitro , plantlet tumbuh dalam kondisi khusus di wadah yang relatif kedap udara, kelembaban udara lebih tinggi dan intensitas cahaya lebih rendah dibandingkan lingkungannya. Media pertumbuhan juga seringkali dilengkapi dengan sakarida dan zat pengatur tumbuh (Posposilova et al ., 1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 211, "height": 89, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mengamati kemungkinan perbanyakan fragmen talus bibit rumput laut, khususnya Gracilaria sp. , dapat dilakukan dengan cara yang lebih mudah dan tidak membutuhkan sarana khusus sehingga mudah diadopsi pembudidaya. Hal ini mengacu pada pengamatan di lapangan bahwa perbanyakan bibit selama ini sudah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 78, "width": 211, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "biasa dilakukan pembudidaya dari hasil fragmentasi talus rumput laut Gracilaria sp. yang langsung ditebar ke perairan tambak. Gracilaria juga telah diketahui mempunyai toleransi lebih luas terhadap kondisi lingkungan ( euryhaline ) sehingga lebih mudah ditumbuhkan dan dipelihara. Dengan melakukan propagasi ex vitro ini juga diharapkan dapat meminimalkan fluktuasi lingkungan saat aklimatisasi ke perairan yang selama ini menjadi permasalahan setelah tahap propagasi in vitro .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 226, "width": 211, "height": 446, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode ex vitro biasanya dilakukan saat tahap pembentukan akar (rhizogenesis) pada tumbuhan tingkat tinggi. Kondisi ex vitro yang diberikan dapat berupa aklimatisasi di greenhouse atau pemindahan bibit ke budidaya lapang (Jose et al. , 2007; Mohammed et al ., 2015). Metode ex vitro dalam rhizogenesis Passiflora foetida telah diketahui dapat mengurangi waktu, tenaga dan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan sintasan pada kondisi lapang (Shekhawat et al ., 2015). Rhizogenesis secara e x vitro dengan aklimatisasi simultan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi perbanyakan tanaman Camellia sinensis sebanyak 71% dibandingkan dengan metode in vitro (Ranaweera et al ., 2013). Namun lebih jauh metode ex vitro sudah dilakukan pada perbanyakan tanaman Coffea arabica . Embrio somatik C. arabica ditebar langsung pada subtrat tanah dan dapat menghasilkan plantlet. Cara ini menghasilkan plantlet lebih cepat, serta menghilangkan prosedur aklimatisasi konvensional yang problematis dan mahal (Barry-Etienne et al., 2002). Seperti yang telah diketahui bahwa permasalahan dalam aklimatisasi konvensional adalah plantlet biasanya mempunyai sintasan rendah. Menurut Chandra et al., (2010), keberhasilan kultur dalam skala komersial tergantung pada kemampuan terhadap pemindahan planlet dalam skala besar, biaya rendah dan sintasan tinggi. Selama pemindahan, seringkali plantlet in vitro tidak mampu mengatasi kondisi lingkungan. Untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan mengurangi kematian plantlet selama tahap aklimatisasi diperlukan pengendalian lingkungan fisik dan kimia (Chandra et al., 2010).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 684, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian propagasi ex vitro Gracilaria sp ini dilakukan sebagai upaya perbanyakan bibit dengan harapan mengurangi waktu regenerasi di laboratorium dan meningkatkan sintasan di kondisi lapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengobservasi pertumbuhan bibit rumput laut Gracilaria sp. melalui perbanyakan ex vitro .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 169, "top": 58, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fadilah dan Pratiwi, Regenerasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "160", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 122, "top": 78, "width": 111, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "MATERI DAN METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 99, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Stok bibit didapatkan dari pembudidaya Gracilaria sp. di perairan laut Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan. Bibit yang digunakan adalah bibit yang segar, berwarna hijau kecoklatan, tidak ada bercak putih pada talus dan bebas epifit. Penelitian dilaksanakan tahun 2016 di Laboratorium Aklimatisasi,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 168, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loka Riset Budidaya Rumput Laut, Gorontalo.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 211, "height": 297, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Propagasi ex vitro diawali dengan pemilihan dan pemotongan bibit rumput laut menjadi fragmen talus berukuran ± 2-3 cm. Percobaan pertama menguji kepadatan fragmen talus yang berbeda yaitu 2 g/L; 2,5 g/L dan 3 g/L. Media yang digunakan adalah air laut bersalinitas sekitar 32-34 ppt sebanyak 20 liter yang ditambah dengan pupuk organik 0,05 ml/l. Percobaan kedua menguji jenis nutrien yang berbeda yaitu pupuk Provasoli’s Enriched Seawater (PES) sebanyak 20 mL/L, pupuk organik A (0,05 mL/L), pupuk organik B (0,05 mL/L) dan tanpa penambahan pupuk sebagai kontrol. Wadah pemeliharaan berupa kontainer plastik bulat yang tembus cahaya bervolume ±25 L. Setiap wadah dilengkapi dengan aerasi kuat untuk mengaduk nutrisi. Penggantian media dilakukan setiap minggu dengan masa pemeliharaan 6 minggu. Penimbangan bobot fragmen talus per wadah dilakukan tiap minggu, sedangkan pengukuran panjang dan penghitungan jumlah tunas pada fragmen talus dilakukan di akhir pengamatan. Parameter lingkungan yang dipantau setiap hari adalah suhu, salinitas dan intensitas cahaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 78, "width": 211, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fragmen talus kemudian diaklimatisasi di perairan Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan menggunakan kotak hapa berbentuk kubus dengan panjang sisi 50 cm. Fragmen talus diikat pada tali bentangan berdiameter 1,5 mm. Tali rumpun dibuat dari talia rafia. Jarak antar tali rumpun adalah 10 cm yang memuat 5 tali rumpun. Jumlah fragmen talus yang diikat pada tali rumpun 10 fragmen talus. Tali bentangan sebanyak 20 tali diikat dalam kotak hapa. Kotak hapa diberi pelampung dan diletakkan di laut. Pertumbuhan diamati setiap bulan selama 2 bulan masa pemeliharaan. Sampel air diambil untuk mengukur kandungan fosfat (PO 4 ) , amonia (NH 4 ) nitrat (NO 3 ) dan Bahan Organik Terlarut (BOT).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 355, "top": 272, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 316, "top": 294, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengamatan terhadap pertumbuhan tunas pada propagasi ex vitro memperlihatkan tunas ada yang tumbuh hanya di ujung fragmen talus (terminal) atau hanya di samping fragmen talus (lateral) atau di ujung dan samping fragmen talus (terminal dan lateral) (Gambar 1). Perbanyakan bibit yang terjadi di proses ini adalah melalui regenerasi langsung. Talus-talus baru yang muncul dan tumbuh merupakan tunas yang terdiferensiasi. Menurut Yong et al . (2014), perbanyakan bibit melalui regenerasi langsung lebih disukai daripada regenerasi tidak langsung. Dengan melakukan regenerasi langsung maka variasi somaklonal dapat diminimalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 575, "width": 306, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Berbagai macam pertumbuhan tunas pada fragmen talus", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 213, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada percobaan pertama, hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH) bibit dengan kepadatan 2 g/L cenderung lebih tinggi daripada dua kepadatan lainnya (Gambar 2). LPH akhir tertinggi terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L yaitu 0,91%/hari dan terendah terjadi pada kepadatan fragmen talus 2,5 g/L yaitu 0,66%/hari. LPH pada kepadatan 2 g/L ini berbeda nyata dibandingkan dua kepadatan lainnya (P<0,05) (Gambar 3A). Sejalan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 593, "width": 210, "height": 112, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dengan hal tersebut, pengukuran panjang tunas tertinggi juga terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L yaitu 9,85 mm dan terendah terjadi pada kepadatan 3 g/L yaitu 7,57 mm. Namun demikian panjang tunas pada tiga kepadatan tersebut berbeda tidak nyata (P>0,05) (Gambar 3B). Begitu pula jumlah tunas per fragmen talus pada tiga kepadatan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yaitu rata- rata 5 tunas per fragmen talus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 62, "width": 171, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Kelautan, 12(2), 158-164 (2019)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "161", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 222, "width": 454, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (LPH) bibit rumput laut pada kepadatan fragmen talus berbeda selama 6 minggu propagasi ex vitro", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 398, "width": 443, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Laju Pertumbuhan Harian (A) dan panjang tunas (B) fragmen talus rumput laut Gracilaria sp. pada kepadatan berbeda setelah 6 minggu propagasi ex vitro", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 428, "width": 210, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum, kondisi pertumbuhan fragmen talus setiap minggunya mengalami fluktuasi (Gambar 2). Kondisi ini disebabkan karena fluktuasi lingkungan sekitar. Suhu dan intensitas cahaya di dalam laboratorium Aklimatisasi mengikuti kondisi lingkungan di luarnya. Intensitas cahaya yang cukup tinggi dan suhu di siang hari dapat mencapai >30 ℃ sehingga meningkatkan pertumbuhan epifit. Berdasarkan pengamatan, epifit ini berupa sejenis alga hijau yang menempel kuat di fragmen talus rumput laut. Fragmen talus yang terinfeksi epifit ini kemudian disisihkan karena dapat menginfeksi fragmen yang lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 599, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, tampak bahwa kepadatan fragmen talus berbanding terbalik dengan pertumbuhan bibit. Kepadatan terendah memiliki pertumbuhan tertinggi. Hal ini disebabkan, dengan jumlah nutrisi yang sama maka jumlah individu yang lebih sedikit dapat memanfaatkan lebih banyak nutrisi dibandingkan jumlah individu yang lebih banyak. Kepadatan yang lebih tinggi juga memberikan efek penumpukan antar fragmen talus yang lebih besar dibandingkan kepadatan yang lebih rendah. Penumpukan ini menyebabkan beberapa fragmen talus terhalangi untuk mendapat cahaya melakukan fotosintesis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 428, "width": 213, "height": 158, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Yong et al . (2014) kepadatan berdampak negatif terhadap sintasan, pertumbuhan, dan reproduksi suatu individu tanaman. Sumber daya yang sama, seperti cahaya, nutrisi, dan ruang harus diperebutkan antara tanaman kecil dan besar sehingga terjadi kompetisi asimetris. Selain itu, peningkatan kepadatan dapat menyebabkan penetrasi cahaya berkurang karena ada efek peneduhan antar tanaman sehingga mempengaruhi fotosintesis. Peningkatan kepadatan juga dapat mengurangi pergerakan air dalam media sehingga beberapa tanaman mungkin tidak mendapat cukup nutrisi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 599, "width": 211, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada percobaan kedua, penambahan nutrisi eksogen didasari bahwa rumput laut mutlak membutuhkan tambahan nutrisi dalam pemeliharaan terkontrol. Hal ini terbukti pada hasil pengamatan yang menunjukkan bahwa penambahan nutrisi lebih memperbaiki pertumbuhan fragmen talus dibandingkan tanpa pupuk (Gambar 5). Persentase bobot fragmen talus cenderung lebih baik dalam media dengan penambahan enis pupuk organik A (61,25%) dibandingkan dengan pupuk PES dan pupuk organik B setelah 6 minggu pemeliharaan. Hasil yang berbeda antar jenis pupuk ini disebabkan masing- masing pupuk memiliki komposisi dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 86, "width": 380, "height": 293, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 L PH (% /h ar i) Minggu 2 g/L 2.5 g/L 3 g/L a b b 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 2 g/L 2.5 g/L 3 g/L L P H ( % /h a ri) Kepadatan A a a a 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 g/L 2.5 g/L 3 g/L P a n ja n g T u n a s ( m m ) Kepadatan B", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 166, "top": 58, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fadilah dan Pratiwi, Regenerasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "162", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 78, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "konsentrasi nutrisi yang berbeda. Hasil ini didukung oleh hasil penelitian Alamsjah et al. , (2009) yang menyatakan konsentrasi kombinasi pupuk NPK dan TSP (50%:50%) memberi pertumbuhan terbaik pada Gracilaria", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 78, "width": 210, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "verrucosa. Selanjutnya hasil penelitian Ginting et al. (2015) menyatakan dosis pupuk organik 3,5 ml memberi laju pertumbuhan terbaik pada Caulerpa lentillifera .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 290, "width": 379, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 5. Bobot fragmen talus rumput laut Gracilaria sp . pada jenis nutrien berbeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 309, "width": 211, "height": 158, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengamatan secara morfologi memperlihatkan bibit Gracilaria sp. yang diaklimatisasi berwarna hijau gelap, segar, dan pertumbuhan talus lebih cenderung ke arah memanjang daripada menumbuhkan cabang-cabang tunas ke samping. Pertumbuhan bibit bervariasi, ada talus yang pendek dengan sedikit percabangan dan ada pula yang dapat mencapai panjang sekitar 30 cm. Penempatan kotak hapa saat aklimatisasi di laut tampak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan bibit. Kotak hapa yang berada di kedua ujung memperlihatkan pertumbuhan bibit yang lebih baik dibandingkan kotak hapa yang berada di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 309, "width": 210, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tengah. Diduga pergerakan air laut terjadi lebih banyak di ujung daripada di tengah sehingga memungkinkan penyerapan nutrien lebih tinggi pada bibit dan pertumbuhannya meningkat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 376, "width": 211, "height": 90, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulan pertama aklimatisasi, LPH bibit Gracilaria sp. meningkat pesat berkisar antara 3,38-5,76 %/hari, dengan rata-rata LPH adalah 4,85 %/hari. Selanjutnya di bulan kedua, LPH menurun berkisar antara -0,41- 2,98 %/hari, dengan rata-rata LPH adalah 2,05 %/hari (Gambar 6). Fluktuasi LPH ini dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan perairan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 454, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 6. Laju pertumbuhan harian bibit (LPH) bibit selama aklimatisasi di perairan Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 680, "width": 211, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kecenderungan penurunan LPH bibit selama aklimatisasi didukung oleh kecenderungan penurunan kandungan fosfat dan nitrat perairan di lokasi pengamatan (Gambar 7). Kandungan fosfat dan nitrat bahkan nilainya mendekati 0 mg/L di bulan November. Sementara BOT berada di kisaran 40- 50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 676, "width": 211, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mg/L dan amonia 0,03-0,04 mg/L. Menurut Kamlasi (2008), kisaran nitrat yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan rumput laut adalah antara 0,01-1,00 mg/L dan fosfat 0,10-0,30 mg/L. Amonia untuk biota laut 0,3 mg/L (Menlh, 2004)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 205, "top": 148, "width": 197, "height": 126, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis Nutrien Pupuk Pupuk Organik A Organik B Tanpa pupuk PES 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 193, "top": 159, "width": 175, "height": 468, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bulan II I 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 LP H ( % /h ar i) B o b o t b ib it ( % )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 214, "top": 62, "width": 171, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Kelautan, 12(2), 158-164 (2019)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "163", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 98, "top": 342, "width": 403, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 7. Kualitas air selama aklimatisasi di perairan Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 111, "top": 364, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 213, "height": 136, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laju pertumbuhan dan panjang tunas terbaik terjadi pada kepadatan 2 g/L, namun jumlah tunas per fragmen menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yaitu rata-rata 5 tunas per fragmen. LPH tertinggi bibit saat aklimatisasi mencapai 4,85 %/hari pada bulan pertama, kemudian menurun menjadi 2,05 %/hari di bulan kedua. Propagasi ex vitro dapat dijadikan salah satu upaya alternatif perbanyakan bibit pada Gracilaria sp. dengan memperhatikan beberapa kondisi fisik pemeliharaan, terutama suhu dan intensitas cahaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 533, "width": 95, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 555, "width": 211, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akin-idowu, P.E., Ibitoye, D. O., &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 115, "top": 566, "width": 168, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ademoyegun, O. T. (2009). Tissue Culture As A Plant Production Technique for Horticultural Crops. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (16), 3782-3788.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 624, "width": 213, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alamsjah, M.A., Tjahjaningsih W., & Pratiwi A.W. (2009). Pengaruh Kombinasi Pupuk NPK dan TSP Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Kadar Air dan Klorofil a Gracilaria verrucosa . Jurnal ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 1 (1), 103- 116.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 704, "width": 211, "height": 21, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Barry-Etienne, D., Bertrand, B., Vasquez, N., & Etienne, H. (2002). Comparison of", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 115, "top": 727, "width": 168, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Somatic Embryogenesis-derived Coffee ( Coffea arabica L .) Plantlets Regenerated In Vitro or Ex Vitro:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 359, "top": 364, "width": 168, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Morphological, Mineral and Water Characteristics. Annals of botany ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 387, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "90 (1), 77-85.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 316, "top": 398, "width": 211, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Chandra, S., Bandopadhyay, R., Kumar, V., & Chandra, R. (2010). Acclimatization of Tissue Cultured Plantlets: From Laboratory to Land. Biotechnology letters , 32 (9), 1199-1205.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 316, "top": 456, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ginting, E. 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Bogor,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 128, "top": 91, "width": 335, "height": 230, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 sept okt nov K o n sen tr asi (mg /L ) Fosfat 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 sept okt nov K o n sen tr asi (mg /L ) Nitrat 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 sept okt nov K o n sen tr asi (mg /L ) BOT 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 sept okt nov K o n sen tr asi (mg /L ) Amonia", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 169, "top": 58, "width": 266, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Fadilah dan Pratiwi, Regenerasi Rumput Laut Gracilaria sp.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 794, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "164", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 78, "width": 211, "height": 239, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menlh. (2004). Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No: 51 Tahun 2004 tentang Baku Mutu Air Laut. Deputi Menteri Lingkungan Hidup: Bidang Kebijakan dan Kelembagaan LH. Jakarta. Mohammed, A., Chiruvella, K. K., Namsa, N. D., & Ghanta, R. G. (2015). An Efficient In Vitro Shoot Regeneration from Leaf Petiolar Explants and Ex Vitro Rooting of Bixa orellana L.- A Dye Yielding Plant. Physiology and molecular biology of plants , 21 (3), 417-424. Mulyaningrum, S. R. H., Daud, R., & Badraeni,B. (2014). Propagasi Vegetatif Rumput laut Gracilaria sp . melalui Kultur Jaringan. Jurnal Riset Akuakultur , 9 (2), 203-214. Posposilova, J., Ticha, I., Kadlecek, P., Haisel, D., & Plzakova, Š. (1999).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 319, "width": 211, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Acclimatization of Micropropagated Plants to Ex Vitro Conditions. Biologia Plantarum , 42 (4), 481-497. Ranaweera, K. K., Gunasekara, M. T. 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Optimization of Culture Conditions for the Direct Regeneration of Kappaphycus", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 115, "top": 595, "width": 168, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Solieriaceae). Journal of Applied Phycology , 26 (3), 1597-1606.", "type": "Text" } ]

d64d530d-3638-8de4-bbe8-f9ba2e2b358a

https://jurnal.unimed.ac.id/2012/index.php/geo/article/download/16750/13929

[ { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 137", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 115, "top": 74, "width": 368, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PEMULIHAN PASCA BENCANA GEMPA BUMI DI LOMBOK UTARA PADA TAHUN 2018", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 193, "top": 116, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heru Kusuma Bakti", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 116, "width": 109, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 , Achmad Nurmandi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 95, "top": 131, "width": 408, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 ,2 Magister Ilmu Pemerintahan Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Jalan Brawijaya, Geblagan, Tamantirto, Kec. Kasihan, Bantul, DIY, 55183, Indonesia e-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 189, "width": 292, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diterima: 21 Februari 2020, Direvisi: 04 April 2020, Disetujui: 22 Juni 2020", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 214, "width": 42, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 228, "width": 400, "height": 239, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guncangan gempa bumi berkekuatan 7.0 SR yang terjadi di Provinsi NTB khususnya Lombok Utara pada tahun 2018 yang lalu telah berdampak kepada kondisi berbagai aspek kehidupan masyarakat dan pemerintah di Kabupaten Lombok Utara, untuk itu tentu pemerintah daerah punya tanggung jawab yang lebih besar untuk melakukan pemulihan pasca terjadinya bencana hal tersebut juga tertuang dalam Undang-undang No 24 Tahun 2007, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat upaya pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah melalui proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dan di olah dengan aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus. Hasil menunjukan bahwa upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah adalah dengan melakukan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi yang telah ditetapkan melalui 5 aspek utama yaitu Sektor Sosial, Ekonomi, Infrastruktur, Pemukiman serta Lintas Sektor. Akan tetapi dalam proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah banyak menimbulkan persoalan di masyarakat khususnya di Sektor Pemukiman, rumitnya proses birokrasi menimbulkan lambatnya pemulihan sektor pemukiman, ketidak puasan masyarakat dalam pendataan kategori rusak ringan, sedang maupun rusak berat yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah serta kurangnya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam proses pemulihan juga merupakan permasalahan yang terjadi pada proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 480, "width": 390, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : Bencana, Gempa Bumi, Pemulihan Bencana, rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 277, "top": 514, "width": 45, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 100, "top": 528, "width": 400, "height": 212, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shock earthquake with a magnitude of 7.0 that occurred in NTB Province, especially North Lombok in 2018, has had an impact on the conditions of various aspects of community and government life in North Lombok. Therefore, local governments have a greater responsibility to carry out recovery after the occurrence disaster, this study aims to look at the recovery efforts undertaken by the local government through the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction process. This research is descriptive in nature using a qualitative research method and treated with the application of Nvivo 12 Plus. The results show that the efforts made by the local government are to carry out the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction that have been determined through 5 main aspects namely the Social, Economic, Infrastructure, Settlement and Cross-Sector . However, in the process of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction carried out by the Regional Government, many problems in the community, especially in the Settlement Sector, the complexity of the bureaucratic process caused slow recovery of the residential sector, community dissatisfaction in the data collection categories of minor, moderate and severe damage carried out by the local government as well the lack of community involvement in the recovery process is also a problem in the Rehabilitation and Reconstruction process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 100, "top": 753, "width": 395, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Disasters, Earthquakes, Disaster Recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 138", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 94, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 108, "top": 87, "width": 34, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Secara", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 162, "top": 87, "width": 50, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "geografis,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 87, "width": 51, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 101, "width": 211, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "termasuk sebagai wilayah yang rawan terhadap berbagai kejadian bencana alam, yang dapat menimbulkan ancaman bagi masyarakat Indonesia yg disebabkan oleh baik faktor alam dan faktor manusia (perbuatan manusia). Salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia adalah Gempa Bumi seperti yang terjadi di Lombok Nusa Tenggara Barat pada tahun 2018 yang lalu. Bencana yang terjadi di Indonesia khususnya Lombok telah menimbulkan keperihatinan semua lapisan Masyarakat terkhususnya pemerintah yang mempunyai peran penting dalam pencegahan ataupun penanganan setelah terjadinya bencana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sejak satu tahun berlalu gempa berkekuatan 7.0 SR yang melanda Nusa Tenggara Barat khususnya di Kabupaaten Lombok Utara pada tanggal 5 Juli 2018 masih menyisakan duka mendalam bagi masyarakat Lombok Utara, sebagian masyarakat masih tinggal di rumah sementara karena masih trauma dan sampai saat ini gempa kecil pun masih sering terjadi. Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara Barat khususnya Lombok secara tektonik memang kawasan seismik aktif . Lombok menjadi wilayah yang rawan terhadap potensi diguncang bencana Gempa Bumi karena", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 511, "width": 211, "height": 245, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lombok terletak diantara pembangkit gempa dari selatan dan utara. Sebelah selatan terdapat zona subduksi lempeng Indo-Australia yang menunjam kebawah Pulau Lombok, dari sebelah utara terdapat struktur geologi Sesar Naik Flores, yang jalurnya memanjang dari laut Bali ke timur hingga Flores, dari pada ituPulau Lombok memang rawan gempa jalur Sesar naik Flores(Tim Seismologi Teknik BMKG, 2018). Sejalan dengan Lewerissa dalam Wekke menjelaskan bahwa Gempa bumi yang menghantam Pulau Lombok disebabkan oleh lempeng tektonik Australia yang bergerak ke barat laut sampai ke utara (Wekke et al., 2019). Semua Desa di Kabupaten Lombok Utara termasuk dalam kategori memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ancaman tinggi terhadap gempa bumi. Hal ini juga didukung oleh kondisi struktur geologi Pulau Lombok. Daerah Kabupaten Lombok Utara, meskipun tidak berada langsung di zona tumbukan lempeng besar seperti di Lombok bagian Selatan, tapi tumbukan pada lempeng besar tersebut juga akan bisa memicu getaran pada daerah Back Arc (Busur Belakang) dimana lokasi Kabupaten Lombok Utara menurut tatanan tektoniknya. Berikut data sebaran gempa Lombok pada Juli 2018 lalu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 471, "width": 198, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Peta Sebaran Pusat Gempa Lombok pada Bulan Juli sampai dengan 13 September 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 520, "width": 211, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dampak dari gempa di Lombok Utara menyebabkan sebanyak 537 jiwa meninggal dunia, 101.735 jiwa mengungsi, hampir 76 ribu bangunan rumah mengalami rusak berat, rusak sedang maupun rusak ringan, selain itu, berbagai fasilitas ekonomi (pasar, pertokoan, perhotelan dan akomodasi lainnya), fasilitas umum dan sosial, kantor pemerintahan, sarana dan prasarana transportasi, komunikasi, air bersih serta layanan publik lainnya terganggu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 139", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 161, "top": 74, "width": 277, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Rekapitulasi Penilaian Kerusakan dan Kerugian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 90, "width": 434, "height": 121, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Sektor Nilai Kerusakan (Rp) Nilai Kerugian (Rp) Total Kerusakan dan Kerugian (Rp) 1 Pemukiman 3,505,485,200,000 3,731,409,800,000 7,236,895,000,000 2 Infrastruktur 303,676,794,062 15,943,406,000 319,620,200,062 3 Sosial 1,160,633,995,036 169,893,013,566 1,330,527,008,602 4 Ekonomi 274,310,973,839 428,718,820,000 703,029,793,839 5 Lintas Sektor 235,104,235,250 166,009,017,698 401,113,252,948 TOTAL 5,479,211,198,187 4,511,974,057,264 9,991,185,255,451", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 213, "width": 398, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Dokumen Rencana Aksi Rehab Rekon Pasca Gempa Lombok Utara 2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 240, "width": 211, "height": 451, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel di atas angka kerusakan dan kerugian yang di alami oleh pemerintah daerah mencapai 10 Triliun, sebagai Kabupaten baru pemerintah daerah tentunya membutuhkan dukungan dari semua pihak, dan dari tabel tersebut sektor pemukiman menjadi kerugian terbesar bagi pemerintah daerah. Dengan angka kebutuhan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi mencapai 6 Triliun, dengan komposisi rencana pendanaan dari APBN sebesar 51,04,51% yang terdiri dari DSP BNPB, Anggaran Kementerian/Lembaga dan Usulan Hibah RR. Dana berasal dari sumber lainnya yaitu dana masyarakat dan dunia usaha sebesar 21,11%, berasal APBD Kabupaten Lombok Utara sebesar 3,44% dan dari APBD Provinsi NTB sebesar 0,35%. Dalam Undang-undang No. 24 Tahun 2007 tentang penangulangan bencana juga telah mengamanatkan pemerintah baik itu pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah sebagai penyelenggara utama yang bertanggung jawab terhadap pelaksanaan kegiatan pemulihan pasca bencana (Daswati et al., 2019). Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2008 juga menyebutkan bahwa penanggung jawab dalam penyelenggaraan penanggulangan bencana adalah Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah sebab Pemerintah memiliki wewenang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 678, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk melaksanakan Penanggulangan bencana mulai dari prabencana, saat tanggap darurat, hingga pascabencana. Dalam penanggulangan pasca bencana yang disebutkan pada pasal 1 ayat 10 bahwa pemerintah memiliki", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 240, "width": 211, "height": 95, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tanggung jawab untuk melakukan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi berupa perbaikan dan pemulihan dari berbagai aspek yang terdampak. Dengan demikian baik Pemerintah Pusat dan Daerah mempunyai tanggung jawab yang lebih besar terhadap pemulihan pasca bencana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 336, "width": 211, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemulihan pasca bencana menjadi suatu kesatuan yang tidak bisa dipisahkan dengan manajemen kebencanaan yang ada di Indonesia. Manajemen bencana gempa bumi terdiri dari dua kegiatan (1) Pra bencana dan (2) Pasca bencana. Kegiatan pasca bencana, mencakup, antara lain, respons bencana / tanggap darurat, serta pemulihan bencana. Kegiatan pra bencana meliputi kesiapsiagaan, pendidikan kesadaran risiko, pelatihan, perencanaan tata ruang, dan desain struktur tahan bencana (Kholil et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 513, "width": 211, "height": 246, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Army, 2015) berpendapat proses pemulihan telah menjadi salah satu langkah penting yang harus diimplementasikan setelah bencana terjadi senada dengan (Ziqiang Han, 2017) pemulihan bencana dapat dikonseptualisasikan sebagai proses diferensial memulihkan, membangun kembali, dan membentuk kembali lingkungan fisik, sosial ekonomi dan alam melalui perencanaan dan tindakan pasca terjadinya bencana, pemulihan bencana bisa menjadi peluang untuk pemerintah dalam membangun daerah agar lebih baik dan dapat bertahan pada resiko bencana yang lebih besar pada waktu mendatang. Proses pemulihan tersebut disebut sebagai fase Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 140", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 683, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fase rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi biasanya merupakan perbaikan infrastruktur dan fasilitas untuk memulihkan fungsi sosial dan ekonomi daerah yang terkena bencana sedangkan fase rekonstruksi muncul sebagai restorasi jangka panjang yang tidak hanya mencakup perbaikan fisik masyarakat yang terkena dampak tetapi juga kebangkitan mata pencaharian, ekonomi, industri, budaya, tradisi, dan lingkungan (Ong, Jamero 2016). Proses pemulihan pasca bencana tentu membutuhkan waktu beberapa minggu hingga lebih dari satu tahun, tergantung pada tingkat kerusakan dan infrastruktur yang akan diperbaiki. Phillips dalam (Sagala & Lutfiana, 2015) mengatakan pada fase pemulihan pasca bencana pembangunan kembali dari berbagai aspek lebih menitikberatkan pada pembangunan jangka panjang, pemulihan pasca bencana melputi beberaapa aspek yang menjadi fokus pemerintah yaitu Sektor Perumahan, Ekonomi, Lingkungan Infrastruktur, Sosial Psikologis dan Pelayanan Publik. (Horney et al., 2018) berpendapat pemulihan bencana yang baik harus mendukung peningkatan dalam perencanaan mitigasi, kesiapan, dan pengembangan yang akan berkontribusi pada peningkatan ketahanan bencana di masa depan. Untuk itu pemerintah tidak hanya memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat akan tetapi mempersiapkan resioko bencana yang akan datang dengan melihat perencanaan mitigasi, kesiapan dan sebagainya, apalagi Lombok masih mempunyai resiko bencana Gempa besar yang akan datang. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) pada artikelnya juga menjelaskan bahwa proses pemulihan pasca terjadinya bencana mencakup 4 bidang yang harus terpenuhi dengan berfokus pada : (1) Pemulihan sektor ekonomi, (2) Sektor pelayanan publik seperti pendidikan, kesehatandan serta pelayanan publik lainnya (3) Perumahan yang terdampak bencana, (4) Sektor infrastruktur (UNDP, 2015). Sampai pada saat ini kegiatan pemulihan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 191, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pasca bencana masih dilakukan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara dan tentu tidak cukup sampai 1 atau 2 tahun kedepan untuk mengembalikan fungsi penghidupan masyarakat seperti sebelum terjadinya bencana dan dari pada itu penulis akan membahas tentang upaya pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara pasca bencana gempa bumi yang terjadi di NTB pada tahun lalu khususnya di Lombok Utara di berbagai sektor seperti Pemukiman, Infrastruktur, Ekonomi, Sosial, dan Lintas Sektor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 279, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 292, "width": 211, "height": 287, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang pemulihan pasca gempa yang terjadi di Nusa Tenggara Barat khususnya di Lombok Utara pada tahun 2018 yang lalu, penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan metode deskriftif kualitatif, data primer yang digunakan oleh peneliti ialah dokumen perencanaan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang telah di tetapkan oleh pemerintah daerah dan data sekunder di ambil dari berita online terkait rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca gempa Lombok Utara yang bisa di pertanggung jawabkan tingkat keakuratannya, dan data tersebut di olah dengan menggunakan aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus setalah di lakukan pengcodingan langkah yang dilakukan selanjutnya adalah dengan menggunakan crostab untuk melihat upaya-upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Daerah dalam proses rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Pemulihan Pasca Bencana Gempa Bumi Lombok Utara Tahun 2018", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 633, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada bab ini peneliti akan menyajikan hasil serta pembahasan terkait pemulihan pasca bencana dalam hal ini proses rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang telah di olah dari aplikasi Nvivo 12 Plus, hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam proses pemulihan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara ditatapkan melalui Sektor Sosial, Ekonomi, Pemukiman, Infrastruktur serta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 141", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lintas Sektor dan di berbagai sektor tersebut telah di tetapkan melalui sub bidang masing-masing yang telah di rencanakan melalui proses penilaian kerusakan dan kerugian, atau penilaian dan perhitungan pascabencana (JITUPASNA) yang menghasilkan estimasi kerusakan dan kerugian yang dihitung untuk 5 (lima) sektor utama tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 387, "width": 198, "height": 54, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Pemerintah Daerah dalam Pemulihan berbagai Sektor Meskipun saat ini sektor", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 442, "width": 211, "height": 327, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pemukiman dan sosial menjadi prioritas utama dalam pemulihan pasca bencana tetapi dari grafik di atas menjelaskan bahwa sektor ekonomi lebih dominan dikarenakan dalam pengolahan data di Nvivo lebih banyak berbicara terkait dengan program yang di upayakan pemerintah bersama lembaga pemerintah lain dan swasta untuk memperbaiki kondisi ekonomi masyarakat terdampak, sebab sektor ekonomi merupakan bidang yang terpenting untuk penghidupan masyarakat yang akan datang. Menurut (Hadi, 2019) dari pengalaman pemulihan ekonomi pascabencana sebelumnya dari beberapa bencana lain yang telah dilakukan, khususnya setelah gempa Yogyakarta dan letusan Gunung Merapi, bahwa proses dan tahapan pemulihan ekonomi membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lebih lama dibandingkan dengan pemulihan bidang lain, sehingga target pemulihan yang tidak hanya pulih ke kondisi awal dapat tercapai, tetapi lebih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 505, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diarahkan untuk mencapai tujuan pembangunannya dan meningkatnya kondisi ekonomi masyarakat lokal dan daerah yang lebih baik, lebih aman dan lebih berkelanjutan dalam jangka panjang untuk itu pemerintah Lombok utara harus memulihkan sektor ekonomi berbasis ketahanan untk keberlanjutan masyarakat. Pada pemulihan pasca bencana Lombok pemerintah telah menetapkan rencana aksi dalam proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi yang meliputi Sektor Pemukiman, Sosial, Infrastruktur, Ekonomi, serta Lintas Sektor sesuai dengan peraturan yang telah ditetapkan oleh baik BNPB maupun pemerintah pusat, dibeberapa daerah juga telah dilakukan hal serupa untuk melakukan rencana aksi dalam proses rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi. (Coffey, 2017) pada kasus pasca bencana letusan gunung Merapi dan Sinabung pemerintah juga telah menetapkan untuk melakukan proses Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi melalui berbagai sektor di antaranya Sektor Pemukiman, Sosial, Infrastruktur, Ekonomi, serta Lintas Sektor. Pada kasus pasca bencana letusan merapi pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah setempat meliputi memulihkan fungsi dan layanan dasar pemerintah, infrastruktur, serta kehidupan sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya masyarakat dengan cara memulihkan lembaga-lembaga sosial masyarakat yang terkena dampak yang vital untuk proses pemulihan (rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi) jangka panjang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 580, "width": 211, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Memberikan stimulus untuk pemulihan mata pencaharian ekonomi dan pendapatan. Tak hanya itu penelitian (Kurnia, 2017) tentang pelaksanaan kebijakan rehab rekon perumahan pasca gempa 30 september 2009 di Sumatra Barat pemerintah menetapkan rencana aksi pemulihan pasca bencana meliputi pada kegiatan 4 sektor yaitu: Sektor Perumahan, Infrastruktur, gedung pemerintahan, Sosial, Ekonomi produktif. Berikut peneliti akan menjelaskan hasil temuan dari masing-masing sektor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 142", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 125, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemulihan Sektor sosial", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 87, "width": 213, "height": 246, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor sosial merupakan sektor yang terkena dampak terbesar setelah pemukiman, kebutuhan pemulihan terbesar pada sektor sosial terdapat pada sarana keagamaan 67,32%, Pendidikan sebesar 19,42%, Fasilitas kesehatan 11,71% dan sarana seni budaya sebesar 1,56%. Kerusakan pada sektor sosial di bidang pendidikan telah menyebabkan siswa tidak dapat bersekolah untuk beberapa minggu yang diakibatkan gedung sekolah hancur pasca gempa, Pelayanan kesehatan yang menurun, dan masyarakat tidak dapat melakukan ibadah di tempat-tempat ibadah. , Pemulihan di sektor sosial dilakukan di beberapa sub-sektor di bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, agama dan budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 498, "width": 174, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Pemulihan Sektor Sosial", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 213, "height": 232, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari figure hasil Nvivo 12 di atas pemulihan sektor sosial dilakukan melalui sub bidang bidang pendidikan dan kesehatan, pada bidang pendidikan hampir seluruh fasilitas pendidikan di Lombok Utara hancur mulai dari SD, SMP dan SMA serta setingkat lainnya, akibatnya banyak siswa yang tidak bisa belajar disekolahnya masing-masing, mereka menggunakan tenda-tenda darurat untuk mengikuti proses belajar mengajar. Upaya pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah adalah membuat tenda- tenda darurat atau sekolah sementara untuk proses belajar menajar. Pemerintah juga melibatkan lembaga atau arganisasi lain dalam merekonstruksi gedung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 218, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sekolah, pemerintah pusat melalui Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan menyiapkan dana bantuan pendidikan Rp 229 miliar untuk mendukung pemulihan sarana pendukung kegiatan belajar dan mengajar pascagempa Lombok khusunya di Lombok Utara sebelumnya pemerintah telah menyediakan tenda darurat untk belajar mengajar di sekolah, sampai saat ini Dinas Dikpora Lombok Utara mengklaim pembangunan gedung sekolah mencapai 70 % dan sisanya masih dalam tahap pengerjaan, untuk mengurangi resiko bencana kedepannya pemerintah daerah haruslah mendesain rekonstruksi gedung sekolah berbasis tahan terhadap gempa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 293, "width": 211, "height": 464, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di bidang Kesehatan hampir seluruh puskesmas dan pustu hancur akibat dari bencana Gempa Bumi, tentu masyarakat membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan yang baik pasca terjadinya bencana , pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah pada awal masa pemulihan adalah pendirian puskesmas darurat atau sementara untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat yang terdampak bencana, saat ini pemerintah telah mulai membangun puskesmas melalui kementerian kesehatan pemerintah memberi bantuan dana kepada pemerintah daerah, pembangunan yang di prioritaskan pertama adalah RSUD Lombok Utara dikarenakan bangunan yang sudah tak layak pakai akibat bencana gempa, pemerintah juga mendapat dukungan dari berbagai pihak non pemerintah atau lembaga swasta dalam pembangunan fasilitas kesehatan seperti pustu, tidak hanya dari pembangunan fisik saja akan tetapi memberikan pelayanan trauma healing kepada masyarakat terutama kepada anak-anak dengan tujuan memulihkan kondisi psikologis atau trauma pasca terjadinya bencana gempa bumi. Pada aspek keagamaan juga dampak kerusakan yang tidak akibat dari bencana gempa bumi, untuk membangun kembali fasilitas ibadah masyarakat pemerintah bekerjasama dengan berbagai lembaga non pemerintah untuk membangun fasilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 143", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 314, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ibadah baik semi permanan ataupun permanen. Pemerintah telah membangun gedung sekolah dengan skema tahan terhadap gempa, membangun sekolah yang tahan terhadap gempa dapat dianggap sebagai langkah pertama untuk membuat sekolah tangguh dalam menghadaapi gempa yang akan datang (Baytiyeh, 2019). Belajar dari gempa di cina Sebelum membangun gedung dilakukan survei geologis terlebih dahulu untuk mengidentifikasi topografi, geologi, dan kemudian membangun bangunan di daerah di mana bangunan tahan gempa serta diusahakan untuk menghindari lokasi bangunan yang aseismik. Perlu dicatat bahwa dalam hal apa pun, sekolah tidak boleh dibangun di atas patahan aktif, tanah longsor, atau pencairan tanah, yang berada di area tahan gempa. Ini akan mencegah gedung sekolah dari kerusakan parah akibat gempa bumi (Duan et al., 2018). Begitupun dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 375, "width": 40, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "gedung", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 211, "height": 259, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pelayanan kesehatan seperti Rumah Sakit dan Puskesmas pemerintah harusnya melakukan kajian mendalam terlebih dahulu, mengambil kebijakan yang tepat adalah salah satu dari keberhasilan pemulihan pasca bencana. Peneliti berpendapat bahwa untuk pemulihan pasca gempa yang terjadi perlu adanya ketahanan berbasis masyarakat dikarenakan seperti yang sudah di katakan NTB khususnya Lombok mempunyai resiko gempa yang besar di masa yang akan datang untuk perlunya membangun kesadaran masyarakat untuk bisa berdampingan dengan bencana yang akan datang, pemerintah harus memberi edukasi kepada masyarakat bagaimana memberi ketahanan terhadap bahaya bencana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 662, "width": 142, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemulihan Sektor Ekonomi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 675, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perekonomian di Lombok Utara pasca gempa bumi merupakan sektor yang mengalami kerugian cukup signifikan, rusaknya aset dari para pelaku usaha dan UMKM, para petani mengalami kerugian pada saat panen serta banyaknya fasilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 212, "height": 150, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sarana dan prasarana dari pariwisata yang rusak dll menyebabkan terjadinya pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tidak stabil bagi pemerintah dan masyarakat. Upaya pemulihan yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah di bidang Sektor Ekonomi meliputi berbagai sub bidang di antaranya UMKM, pertanian dan perkebunan, perikanan dan peternakan, perdagangan, serta pariwisata seperti yang terlihat pada Gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 409, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 4. Pemulihan Sektor Ekonomi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 436, "width": 211, "height": 287, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemulihan tahap awal pembangunan pasar menjadi prioritas pemerintah dalam mengembalikan kondisi ekonomi masyarakat agar perekonomian masyarakat bisa berjalan dengan baik. Dibidang UMKM yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah adalah memberikan santunan kepada pelaku usaha kecil melalui kementerian, sebanyak 148 orang pedagang usaha kecil yang tersebar di beberapa kecamatan yang ada di lombok utara menerima masing-masing Rp 2 Juta untuk membantu pemulihan kondisi usaha ekonomi. Pada bidang UMKM pemerintah lebih banyak memberikan pendampingan kepada pelaku usaha dalam hal ini pemerintah bekerjasama dengan pihak non pemerintah untuk memberi pelatihan kepada pelaku usaha UMKM untk mengelola serta meningkatkan nilai jual", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 710, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "atau meningkatkan produktifitas dari usaha yang dimiliki dengan mengelola sumber daya alam lokal, tidak pemerintah daerah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 144", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 150, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "juga berupaya menciptakan Wira Usaha Baru (WUB) bagi masyarakat dengan memberikan peralatan penunjang untuk produksi, dalam melakukan kegiatan tersebut pemerintah perlu dukungan dari semua pihak pemangku kepentingan baik di Provinsi, Pusat dan Organisasi Swasta, pada bidang pertanian upaya yang di lakukan oleh pemerintah dalam membantu petani pasca pemulihan bencana dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 211, "width": 211, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melakukan pendistribusian bantuan pupuk, bibit tanaman, alat pertanian dan perkebunan melalui koperasi maupun unit usaha tani, pengadaan pelatihan manajemen lahan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas sumber daya petani dalam mengolah lahan agar semakin efektif serta pelatihan dan pendampingan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 320, "width": 211, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "usaha pertanian berkelanjutan dengan bekerjasama dengan Koperasi, BUMDES, BUMD, Pemerintah dan Swasta untuk meningkatkan produktifitas hasil pertanian dan bernilai jual karena menurut (Abraham, 2018) kejadian gempa di Lombok Utara berdasarkan waktu dan data kerugian yang dilaporkan, terjadi pada saat panen, ini yang menyebabkan pada akhirnya hasil dari panan tersebut mengalami kerugian serta penurunan kualitas dan tentu para petani akan lebih fokus untuk bisa membangun kembali rumah mereka yang rusak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 525, "width": 27, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 211, "height": 232, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bidang pariwisata pemerintah memberikan bantuan atau dana stimulan untuk perbaikan sarana prasarana desa wisata serta untuk peningkatan ekonomi pelaku usaha di desa wisata selain itu melalui pemerintah pusat pemerintah daerah terus melakukan perbaikan pada fasilitas wisata yang ada di Lombok Utara dikarenakan pemasukan PAD Lombok Utara masuk melalui pariwisata. Pada pemulihan sektor ekonomi masyarakat di tuntut untuk mengembangkan ekonomi berdasarkan sumber daya potensial yang ada di sekitar, serta pengembangan ekonomi kreatif yang di dasarkan pada kearifan lokal dalam hal ini pemerintah bersama pihak swasta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 683, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bersinergi dalam membantu masyarakat untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan akibat gempa. 60 % Pendapatan dari pemerintah daerah berasal dari Pariwisata, meskipun perbaikan sarana-prasarana pariwisata sudah dilakukan akan tetapi itu tidak cukup untuk menarik wisatawan datang ke Lombok Utara perlu adanya langkah strategis dari pemerintah dalam pemulihan pariwisata contoh konkrit yang bisa dilakukan oleh pemerintah selain melakukan perbaikan fisik adalah dengan mengembalikan citra pariwisata Lombok Utara, karena citra merupakan kesan atau penilaian yang diberikan publik terhadap objek pariwisata yang ada di Lombok Utara pasca terjadinya gempa pada tahun 2018 pariwisata NTB khususnya Lombok Utara mendapat citra yang negatif dari berbagai wisatawan sehingga para wisatawan berfikir kembali untuk datang ke Lombok, tentu pemerintah harus berupaya sedemikian rupa untuk mengembalikan citra pariwisata yang ada d Lombok Utara. (Joakim & Wismer, 2015) belajar dari pemulihan pasca gempa yogyakarta pada tahun 2006 untuk pemulihan sektor ekonomi masyarakat bantul membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk bisa pulih kembali, upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah Bantul hampir sama dengan apa yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Lombok Utara sepeti memberikan pelatihan kepada pelaku UMKM dan memberikan bantuan peralatan untk mendukung usaha masyarfakat akan tetapi pemerintah tidak mendirikan lembaga keuangan mikro untuk memberikan dukungan modal pelaku usaha untuk baik pelaku usaha UMKM yang sudah terbentuk maupun akan di bentuk serta masyarakat diberi dukungan pemasaran dan jaringan untuk mempromosikan penjualan produk mereka, inilah yang harus di upayakan oleh pemerintah Lombok Utara dalam membantu para pelaku usaha UMKM sebab peralatan tanpa dukungan modal tentu tidak akan berjalan secara maksimal. Senada dengan (Dinda, 2018) dalam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 145", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penelitian tentang pemulihan pasca bencana Gunung Sinabung pada pemulihan ekonomi pemerintah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 115, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memberikan kursus keterampilan kepada masyarakat dan memberi modal untuk usaha kecil dan menengah dan pemerintah sendiri membuka lapangan pekerjaan berbasis keterampilan ekonomi kreatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 197, "width": 100, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor Pemukiman", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 210, "width": 211, "height": 546, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akibat dari bencana gempa yang melanda Lombok pada tahun lalu sektor perumah merupakan sektor yang sangat besar dampaknya bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah daerah, dari data yang ada hampir 50 ribu unit rumah mengalami kerusakan baik rusak berat, sedang maupun ringan, pembangunan pemukiman nantinya di kelola dengan skema swakelola berbasis masyarakat yangdirancang menggunakan strategi pengorganisasian masyarakat serta bertumpu pada inisiatif dan prakarsa masyarakat dan tentu dengan tidak meninggalkan kearifan lokal serta gotong royong dalam membangun rumah berbasis tahan gempa,ada beberapa pilihan yang di tawarkan oleh pemerintahan kepada masyarakat seperti Risha (rumah instan sederhana sehat), Rika (rumah instan kayu) dan Riko (rumah instan konvensional). Untuk pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah bersama kementerian dan pihak non pemerintah atau lembaga swasta adalah membangun rumah sementara kepada masyarakat yang terdampak meskipun tidak semua mendapat bantuan serta masyarakat juga lebih banyak bergerak sendiri untuk membuat rumah sementara sebagai tempat tinggal. Pemerintah melalui Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat menyediakan dana rekonstruksi sekitar Rp50 juta per keluarga untuk mereka yang menderita kerusakan perumahan berat 25 juta per keluarga untuk mereka yang menderita kerusakan perumahan sedang dan Rp10 juta per keluarga untuk mereka yang menderita kerusakan perumahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 213, "height": 683, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ringan. tapi pada sampai saat rekonstruksi rumah masih menjadi permasalahan pemeintah bersama masyarakat di daerah, banyak masyarakat belum menerima haknya untuk bantuan rekonstruksi rumah tersebut, permasalahan terbesar pada pembangunan RTG tersebut ada pada proses birokrasi yang berbelit, mulai dari persoalan penerima, pokmas, nama ganda penerima, belum lagi persoalan fasilitator yang kurang, bahan bangunan yang langka SDM tukang yang minim dan masih banyak lagi. Salah satu lembaga non pemerintah yang membantu daerah dalam penanggulangan pasca bencana adalah lembaga Aksi Cepat Tanggap (ACT), bentuk kerjasama yang dilakukan ditunjukkan dengan penyediaan posko- posko pengungsian serta membuat pemukiman sementara untuk para korban bencana tak hanya itu ACT juga membangun WC Umum di beberapa tempat khususnya tempat yang jauh dari jangkauan, tak hanya ACT tetapi PMI juga telah membangun fasilitas umum berupa 20 Toilet umum serta mushola. tapi yang menjadi permasalahan sampai pada saat ini adalah banyaknya masyarakat yang masih mengeluh terhadap kualitas perumahan yang di bangun sebab banyak bangunan yang tidak sesuai dengan spek yang di tawarkan karena pekerjaan pemukiman ini melalui pihak ketiga dan masih banyaknya masyarakat yang belum mendapatkan dana stimulan untuk pembangunan rumah. Dari data yang ada jumlah total rumah rusak berat 44.014 yang sudah jadi 100 persen baru sebanyak 6.863 dengan presentase 15.59 persen. Sementara untuk rumah rusak sedang yang totalnya 1.758 unit yang sudah jadi 100 persen baru 101 unit atau 3.75 persen. Untuk rumah rusak ringan dari total 4.081 yang sudah jadi sebanyak 316 atau 7.74 persen sedangkan dari perkiraan awal pemulihan sektor permukiman dilaksanakan selama dua tahun anggaran, yakni tahun anggaran 2018-2019 dengan prioritas pembangunan rumah dilaksanakan pada tahun 2018 tetapi pada kenyataannya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 146", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 314, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "masih jauh dari yang di rencanakan (Ong et al., 2016) mengatakan Rekonstruksi perumahan adalah salah satu kegiatan terpenting pada proses rekonstruksi pascabencana, tanpa membangun kembali rumah, kemampuan rumah tangga untuk melakukan kegiatan normal akan terhambat. Untuk pemukiman yang berada di kawasan resiko rawan terhadap bencana yaitu pada sesar aktif ditetapkan kebijakan pemindahan atau relokasi ke tempat yang aman sesuai dengan rekomendasi Pusat Vulkanologi dan Mitigasi Bencana Geologi (PVMBG) melalui mekanisme relokasi komunal maupun mandiri. Adapun rumah yang berada pada zona aman dapat dilakukan pembangunan kembali/perbaikan secara in-situ (tapak semula) tetapi sampai pada pemulihan saat ini relokasi warga tidak dapat dilakukan karena berbagai pertimbangan akibatnya masyarakat tetap membangun rumah di tempat semula.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Upaya untuk merehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi yang telah dilakukan pemerintah pun telah dilaksakan hingga saat ini, tetapi banyak yg menjadi masalahan saat pembangunan rumah warga dari awal pelaksanaan sampai pada saaat ini, dari keadaan birokrasi yang berbelit-belit sampai masih adanya masyarakat yang belum mernerima dana stimulan perbaikan rumah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 525, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Christ et al., 2017) Belajar dari pengalaman erupsi merapi 2010 tentang rekonstruksi permukiman berbasis masyarakat di Kabupaten Cangkringan pemerintah menggunakan sistem Rekompak yang diadopsi dari", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 607, "width": 211, "height": 150, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keberhasilan pemulihan di Aceh dan Bantul. Sistem ini menempatkan masyarakat sebagai aktor utama dalam rekonstruksi permukiman. Setiap fase dalam Rekonstruksi Permukiman Berbasis Masyarakat di Kabupaten Cangkringan seperti perencanaan, konstruksi, kontrol dan evaluasi, melibatkan masyarakat, Masyarakat mengambil peran penting dalam proses rekonstruksi, hasil dari program ini bagi masyarakat benar-benar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "di rasakan dengan baik. berbeda dengan yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kabupaten Lombok Utara dalam rencana aksi rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi menekankan bahwa dalam pembangunan kembali rumah warga perlunya keterlibatan masyarakat atau partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan rumah akan tetapi pada kenyataannya keterlibatan masyarakat dalam perencanaan sampai pada pelaksanaan rekonstruksi rumah", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 224, "width": 212, "height": 396, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keterlibatan partisipasi masyarakat masih kurang, dibentuknya Kelompok Masyarakat atau POKMAS memang dinilai baik untuk membawa semangat gotong royong akan tetapi tidak berjalan secara maksimal karena sebagian besar masyarakat lebih memilih untuk menggunakan pihak ketiga dalam pembangunan rumah, dari segi pengawasan pemerintah pun masih lemah ini terlihat dari banyaknya rumah yang tidak sesuai dengan spesifikasi rumah tahan gempa, serta banyaknya aplikator yang korupsi uang dana stimulan rumah. Penelitian dari (Ophiyandri et al., 2013) mengungkapkan keberhasilan Aceh, Nias dan Yogyakarta dalam merekonstruksi perumahan di dukung oleh beberapa faktor yaitu, transparansi dan akuntabilitas, strategi / kebijakan rekonstruksi yang tepat, dan pemahaman tentang metode berbasis masyarakat, partisipasi dan kontrol masyarakat serta koordinasi dan komunikasi yang baik. Tanpa adanya transparansi dari pemerintah tentu masyarakat menaruh ketidakpercayaan kepada pemerintah serta akan berdampak kepada faktor keberhasilan yang lainnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 621, "width": 211, "height": 95, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah seharusnya melakukan mengevaluasi dikarenakan banyaknya permasalahan yang masih terjadi di masyarakat khususnya rekonstruksi rumah warga sebab rekonstruksi menjadi suatu yang penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 147", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor Infrastruktur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 87, "width": 211, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sektor Infrastruktur merupakan sektor penting untuk mendukung kegiatan aktifitas sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat, tanpa infrastruktur yang baik tentu aktifitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat menjadi terhambat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 169, "width": 211, "height": 232, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terjadinya bencana gempa yang terjadi pada tahun 2018 di Lombok Utara mengakibatkan rusaknya berbagai infrastruktur yang ada dan aktifitas masyarakat menjadi terganggu serta secara tidak langsung berdampak terhadap kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat sekitar. Dari laporan yang ada angka kerugian yang di timbulkan mencapai Rp.303.676.794.062, pemulihan pada sektor Infrastruktur dilakukan melalui sub bidang di antaranya terdiri atas pemenuhan kebutuhan sub sektor transportasi baik darat laut dan sebagainya, energi, sumber daya air, pos dan komunikasi serta sanitasi dan kebutuhan air bersih.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 569, "width": 208, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 5. Pemulihan sektor infrastruktur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 211, "height": 164, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari figure diatas dapat dilihat bahwa bidang air bersih menjadi suatu perhatian serisu dari pemerintah dan non pemerintah karena menjadi kebutuhan hidup bagi masyarakat, pemenuhan air bersih dan sanitasi pasca bencana merupakan suatu hal yang paling mendasar dan tentu menjadi priorotas dalam pemulihan pasca bencana yang terjadi di Lombok Utara terlihat dari berbagai upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah, pada saat gempa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 327, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terputusnya jaringan air bersih PDAM dan sumur milik masyarakat yang tertutup akibat reruntuhan gempa membuat para warga kesulitan dalam mendapatkan air bersih, tentu dalam perbaikan jaringan PDAM tersebut membutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama. Pada bidang transportasi darat pemerintah melakukan perbaikan jalan yang mengalami kerusakan berat guna memudahkan akses baik untuk menyalurkan bantuan ataupun untuk mendukung kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat, beberapa jembatan penghubung antar wilayah saat ini juga telah selesai di rekonstruksi bersama kementerian Pekerjaan Umum. Pada bidang Sanitasi dan air bersih pemulihan awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah bersama lembaga terkait ataupun swasta memberikan sumur bor kepada wilayah yang terdampak terutama yang jauh dari jangkauan air dan saat ini rekonstruksi Sumber air telah selesai di kerjakan oleh institusi terkait dalam hal ini PDAM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 416, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lintas Sektor", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 429, "width": 211, "height": 245, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dampak yang di timbulkan pasca terjadinya gempa bumi pada lintas sektor berupa kerusakan fisik dari kantor-kantor pemerintaha yang ada di Lombok Utara sehingga menyebabkan terganggunya aktifitas pelayanan kepada masyarakat, kegiatan rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca bencana lintas sektor terdiri atas pemenuhan kebutuhan sub sektor Pemerintahan, keamanan ketertiban, Lingkungan Hidup, perbankan dan pengurangan resiko bencana, dengan perkiraan total kebutuhan sebesar Rp. 389,195,154,943 diperuntukan tersebesar untuk sub sektor pemerintahan yaitu 58,58% mengingat hampir seluruh kantor pemerintahan mengalami kerusakan berat maupun sedang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 148", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 239, "width": 176, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 6. Pemulihan Lintas Sektor", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 266, "width": 211, "height": 492, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun dari hasil Nvivo 12 pengurangan resiko bencana mencapai 33 % tetapi prioritas awal yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah adalah pada pemulihan kembali fungsi pelayanan publik dan sarana prasarana pemerintahan seperti pembangunan tenda-tenda darurat atau kantor sementara untuk kebutuhan pelayanan kepada masyarakat. Pembangunan kembali secara permanen gedung-gedung pemerintahan yang rusak tentu akan dilakukan secara bertahap mengingat kebutuhan yang di butuhkan oleh pemerintah daerah tidaklah sedikit, seiring dengan menunggu komitmen pemerintah pusat untuk memberikan anggaran lebih kepada pemerintah Lombok Utara. Pemerintah menginginkan untuk pembangunan gedung kantor bupati diharapkan Kemendagri bisa membantu dalam hal pembiayaan. Pada bidang pengurangan resiko bencana warga yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana tinggi, diupayakan untuk di lakukan relokasi ke tempat yang aman sesuai dengan rekomendasi PVMBG karena ada beberapa wilayah berdasarkan hasil kajian di rekomendasikan untk di relokasi sebab ada sekitar 29 Dusun di dataran tinggi dinilai harus direlokasi, pemerintah juga tidak semudah itu untuk melakukan relokasi, dan yang menjadi permasalahan adalah banyak warga yang menolak di relokasi karena beberapa pertimbangan dan juga pemerintah memerlukan kajian yang lebih luas terkait dengan pembiayaan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 26, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "serta", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 213, "height": 683, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "penghidupan masyaraka kedepannya, upaya lain yang telah di lakukan oleh pemerintah daerah dalam rangka meningkatkan pemahaman serta kesiapsiagaan masyarakat terhadap resioko bencana yang akan datang yaitu dengan memberikan sosialisasi dan memberi pelatihan pengurangan resiko bencana, serta pepemrintah telah membentuk desa siaga bencana di beberapa desa, Pendidikan dan pelatihan pengurangan risiko bencana juga telah dilakukan guna menumbuhkan dan menanamkan budaya keselamatan dan kesiapsiagaan bagi masyarakat yang berada di kawasan rawan bencana tinggi selain itu pemerintah juga membentuk sekolah siaga bencana untuk beberapa sekolah di Lombok Utara, siswa di beri pelatihan atau edukasi terkait dengan mitigasi bencana tentu ini menjadi langkah yang baik untuk pemerintah mengurangi resiko bencana untuk yang akan datang. Seperti yang di ketahui pemulihan Lintas Sektor dilakukan melalui berbagai sub bidang tetapi yang menjadi sorotan penting dalam diskusi ini adalah Pengurangan Resiko Bencana (PRB) yang akan datang sebab potensi adanya bencana di Lombok masih sangat besar untuk itu sangat penting PRB menjadi prioritas pemerintah daerah selain merekonstruksi di bidang lain. Pemerintah daerah mempunyai kapasitas atau peran penting dalam pengurangan resiko bencana, pengurangan risiko bencana menjadi suatu kebutuhan yang harus direncanakan secara sistematis oleh pemangku kepentingan dalam menghadapi resiko bencana yang akan datang, pengurangan resiko bencana berbasis masyarak bisa menjadi jawaban dalam hal tersebut pemerintah harus melibatkan masyarakat serta memberikan pendidikan kebencanaan kepada masyarakt, penelitian dari (Pascapurnama et al., 2018) belajar dari jepang negara yang rawan akan adanya resiko bencana, pendidikan bencana di Jepang telah diterapkan sejak sedini mungkin kepada anak-anak sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 149", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 532, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "yang dinamakan Sekolah Siaga Bencana (SSB) pemerintah Jepang menyadari bahwa siswa adalah salah satu ujung tombak dalam pencegahan dan tanggapan bencana. Di sekolah, pendidikan bencana diatur berdasarkan Undang-Undang yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah jepang serta pendidikan kebencanaan telah masuk ke kurikulum sekolah, misalnya, di tingkat sekolah dasar, siswa diajarkan mengenali jenis-jenis bencana, mengetahui peran pekerja publik seperti petugas pemadam kebakaran, dan mencegah cedera ketika terjadi bencana. Di tingkat masyarakat umum pemerintah harus melibatkan dalam hal kesiapsiagaan, tanggap darurat, dan pemulihan dari bencana alam. PRB berbasis masyarakat memungkinkan masyarakat untuk berpartisipasi secara positif dan aktif dalam rencana PRB sehingga mereka dapat diberdayakan dan memiliki peningkatan kapasitas mereka untuk mengurangi kerentanan mereka terhadap bahaya alam. Di Indonesia, kegiatan-kegiatan dalam PRB berbasis masyarakat secara umum memang telah di terapakan tetapi sangat sedikit pemerintah yang paham akan konsep dari PRB berbasis masyarakat tersebut atau tidak berjalannya secara efektif. Pasca terjadinya Gempa Bumi di Lombok Utara pemerintah memang telah menerapkan dibeberapa sekolah program Sekolah Siaga Bencana (SSB) ini merupakan langkah baik yang telah di lakukan oleh pemerintah yang perlu mencadi evaluasi adalah tidak hanya memberikan sekedar simulasi kebencanaan akan tetapi harus dimasukkan kedalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 164, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kurikulum pendidikan sekolah agar bisa bertahan pada resiko bencana mendatang serta agenda PRB harus masuk kedalam ke dalam rencana pembangunan daerah, pemerintah daerah harus mulai meninjau dan mengevaluasi rencana tata ruang yang ada untuk disinkronkan dengan rencana dan program untuk mengurangi Risiko Bencana. Dalam hal ini, BAPPEDA memiliki posisi strategis sebagai perencana PRB serta pemerintah daerah harus", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 40, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "membuat pemetaan resiko bencana agar memudahkan dalam perencanaan PRB tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 129, "width": 211, "height": 627, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan kesimpulan ialah pemerintah lombok utara dalam melakukan pemulihan pasca bencana berfokus melalui 5 Sektor diantaranya Sektor Pemkiman, Ekonomi, Infrastruktur, Sosial dan Lintas Sektor dari berbagai sektor tersebut memiliki sub bidang pemulihan, serta pemulihan pasca bencana berpedoman kepada Inpres Nomor 5 tahun 2018 tentang percepatan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi penanganan gempa Lombok yang telah di buat oleh Presiden RI, penyusunan rencana rehabilitasi dan rekonstruksi pasca terjadinya bencana didasarkan pada hasil Pengkajian Kebutuhan Pasca Bencana (Jitu Pasna) yang telah di susun bersama lembaga pemerintah yang mempunyai wewenang dan rencana tersebut dipadukan dengan kebijakan serta kemampuan pembiayaan dari pemerintah Pusat maupun Daerah, dunia usaha atau sumber dana lainnya yang sah.Pemulihan pasca gempa lombok juga telah melibatkan berbagai lembaga kepentingan yang terkait seperti kementerian dan lembaga lain serta pihak non pemerintah atau swasta telah banyak bersinergi dengan pemerintah daera untuk membantu meringankan beban masyarakat. Pada awal masa pemulihan pasca bencana pembangunan pemukiman masyarakat, fasilitas fisik pendidikan sperti gedung sekolah serta pemulihan sektor ekonomi menjadi skala prioritas pemerintah daerah, pemulihan sektor ekonomi telah dilakukan dengan berbagai upaya pendampingan serta pelatihan kepada masyarakat khususnya pelaku UMKM akan tidak cukup kuat untuk memberikan modal ataupun keberlanjtan pemasaran yang diberikan oleh pemerintah. Meskipun pemulihan berjalan dengan baik sampai pada saat ini tetapi ada sejumlah permasalahan yang harus di jadikan bahan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 150", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 74, "width": 211, "height": 136, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "evaluasi pemerintah daerah seperti keterlambatan pembangunan Rumah Tahan Gempa (RTG) bagi masyarakat yang sampai pada saat ini juga masih banyak yang belum menerima bantuan serta masih adanya fasilitator yang bermasalah di lapangan sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya keterlambatan ini terlihat dari jumlah rumah yang dibangun masih jauh yang di harapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 237, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abraham , Wiwaha, A. D. (2018). Strategi Recovery Sektor Pertanian Pascabencana Gempa Di Kabupaten Lombok Utara. Journal Dialog Penanggulangan Bencana BNPB , 9 (2),", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 306, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "102–115.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 319, "width": 211, "height": 94, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Army, B. T. H. E. (2015). Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction in Indonesia: Review and Lessons from Aceh, Yogyakarta, West Java and West Sumatera Earthquakes . 8 (1), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431- 54255-1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 414, "width": 211, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Baytiyeh, H. (2019). Why School Resilience", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 428, "width": 184, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Should Be Critical for the Post-", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 441, "width": 187, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Earthquake Recovery of Communities in Divided Societies. Education and", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 469, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Urban Society , 51 (5), 693–711.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 482, "width": 211, "height": 121, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124517 747035 Christ, Samekto, D., & Nuh, M. (2017). Journal of Public Administration Studies Evaluation of community-based settlement reconstruction program : Case study in post-disaster recovery of 2010 Merapi volcano eruption in Cangkringan district . 1 (3), 64–70.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 603, "width": 211, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coffey, M. (2017). The role of Post Disaster", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 617, "width": 187, "height": 54, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Needs Assessments in adressing vulnerability of Internally Displaced Persons in the Post Disaster Recovery Process.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 658, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Review , 85 (6), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.20955/r.85.67 Daswati, D., Samad, M. A., & Wekke, I. S. (2019). Collaborative Governance Dalam", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 712, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengelolaan Integrated Community", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 726, "width": 187, "height": 39, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shelter Pasca Bencana Di Kota Palu Collaborative Governance in the management of Integrated Community", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 339, "top": 74, "width": 187, "height": 26, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shelters post disaster ( ICS ) in the City of Palu .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 101, "width": 211, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dinda Kurnia Putri, Syafri Anwar, I. U.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 339, "top": 115, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2018). Jurnal kapita selekta geografi .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 339, "top": 128, "width": 104, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 (November), 56–63.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 142, "width": 211, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Duan, Y., Bo, J., Li, X., & Su, Z. (2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 156, "width": 211, "height": 108, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Earthquake damage analysis of school buildings in Jiuzhaigou. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering , 392 (4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1757- 899X/392/4/042016 Hadi, S. (2019). Learning from The Legacy of Post-Disaster Recovery in", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 339, "top": 265, "width": 187, "height": 80, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indonesia for The Acceleration of Post-Disaster Recovery in Lombok. Jurnal Perencanaan Pembangunan: The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning , 3 (1), 14–31. https://doi.org/10.36574/jpp.v3i1.56", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 346, "width": 211, "height": 95, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Horney, J. A., Dwyer, C., Chirra, B., McCarthy, K., Shafer, J., & Smith, G. (2018). Measuring Successful Disaster Recovery. International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters , 36 (1), 1–22. https://www.researchgate.net/publi cation/325155344", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 441, "width": 211, "height": 68, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Joakim, E. P., & Wismer, S. K. (2015). Livelihood recovery after disaster. Development in Practice , 25 (3), 401–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614524.20 15.1020764", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 510, "width": 212, "height": 107, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kholil, Setyawan, A., Ariani, N., & Ramli, S. (2019). Bencana Gempa Bumi Di Lombok Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat ( Disaster Commuication in 4 . 0 Era : Review Earthquake Disaster Mitigation in Lombok West Nusa Tenggara ) . 11 (1), 0–3. https://doi.org/10.9734/AJEE/2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 618, "width": 211, "height": 54, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "/v11i130128 Kurnia, M. L. (2017). Pelaksanaan Kebijakan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi Perumahan Pasca", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 673, "width": 211, "height": 81, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gempa 30 September 2009 di Sumatera Barat. Pagaruyuang Law Journal , 1 (1), 76–91. http://joernal.umsb.ac.id/index.php /pagaruyuang/index Ong, J. M., Jamero, M. L., Esteban, M.,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 339, "top": 755, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Honda, R., & Onuki, M. (2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 350, "top": 36, "width": 175, "height": 24, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: 10.24114/jg.v12i02.16750 e-ISSN: 2549–7057 | p-ISSN: 2085–8167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 795, "width": 162, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Geografi Vol 12 No. 02 – 2020", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 349, "top": 795, "width": 180, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "P e m u l i h a n P a s c a B e n c a n a | 151", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 96, "top": 74, "width": 187, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Challenges in Build-Back-Better", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 88, "width": 211, "height": 95, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Housing Reconstruction Programs for Coastal Disaster Management: Case of Tacloban City, Philippines. Coastal Engineering Journal , 58 (1). https://doi.org/10.1142/S057856341 6400106 Ophiyandri, T., Amaratunga,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 170, "width": 187, "height": 26, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D., Pathirage, C., & Keraminiyage, K.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 197, "width": 187, "height": 27, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2013). Critical success factors for community-based", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 217, "top": 211, "width": 65, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "post-disaster", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 224, "width": 211, "height": 191, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "housing reconstruction projects in the pre-construction stage in Indonesia. 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e36a96c4-87cd-01bf-c388-82ad07e70509

https://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi/article/download/1862/1101

[ { "left": 301, "top": 27, "width": 269, "height": 48, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Penelitian Ekonomi dan Akuntansi (JPENSI ) http://jurnalekonomi.unisla.ac.id/index.php/jpensi e-ISSN 2621-3168 p-ISSN 2502 – 3764", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 781, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 781, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 100, "width": 363, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Size And Capital Intensity Affect Tax Avoidance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 212, "top": 156, "width": 200, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum 1 , Agus Afandi 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 171, "top": 174, "width": 285, "height": 52, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Faculty of Economics and Business, Pamulang University, [email protected] [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 250, "width": 60, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 250, "width": 390, "height": 184, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract Received Jan 14, 2024 Revised Jan 25, 2024 Published Feb 10, 2024 Research proves corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity affect tax avoidance. Energy sector companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018-2022 with purposive sampling and secondary data. Multiple linear regression data analysis method processed by Eviews 12 software. The results of this study simultaneously corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity have a significant effect on tax avoidance. The results of this study partially corporate social responsibility and company size have no significant effect and capital intensity has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 120, "top": 396, "width": 114, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : Corporate Social Responsibility, Company Size, Capital Intensity, Tax Avoidance", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 476, "width": 99, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 501, "width": 402, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT Adaro Energy is suspected of transfer pricing and minimizing tax payments by transferring many profits. In 2017 PT Adaro Energy utilized its Singapore subsidiary Coaltrade Service International to pay less than it should have paid to the Indonesian government.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 584, "width": 400, "height": 126, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1.State Revenue 2018-2020 (In Billion Rupiah) Source of Revenue 2018 2019 2020 Tax revenue Rp1.928.110,00 Rp1.955.136,20 Rp1.628.950,53 Non-tax revenue Rp409.320,20 Rp408.94,30 Rp343.814,21 Grants Rp15.564,90 Rp5.497,30 Rp18.832,82 Total Rp1.943.674,90 Rp1.960.633,60 Rp1.647.783,34 https://www.bps.go.id/", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 714, "width": 401, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It can be seen that the important role of tax revenue in the total state revenue is very dominant. It illustrates how dependent the government is on tax", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "51", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 285, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "revenue as a source of funding for the economy. In 2019 tax revenue amounted to IDR 1,960,633.60 while tax revenue in 2020 amounted to IDR 1,647,783.34 this amount decreased from the previous year. The decline in tax revenue in 2020 caused by Covid 19, Mrs. Sri Mulyani said that state revenue in 2020 experienced a very deep decline while spending increased very high during the Covid 19 pandemic that hit Indonesia, this revenue fell by Rp 312.8 trillion or 15.9% compared to conditions before Covid, namely the 2019 fiscal year, the realization of state revenue consisted of tax revenue of Rp 1,285.1 trillion, Non-tax state revenue of Rp 343.8 trillion and grant revenue of Rp 18.8 trillion, while the realization of state expenditure reached Rp 2595.4 trillion or 94.7% with a deficit of Rp 947.6 trillion, the net financing reached Rp 1,193.2 trillion, which came from domestic financing and foreign financing, a very large APBN deficit was used to withstand the conditions of society and the economy that experienced an extraordinary shock due to the covid 19 pandemic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 361, "width": 401, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax avoidance is an action taken \"legally\" by utilizing loopholes in existing tax regulations to avoid paying taxes, or conducting transactions that have a purpose other than to avoid taxes. Taxes play a very important role in supporting the financial independence of a nation, taxes will determine the capacity of the state budget to finance state expenditure (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 464, "width": 402, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "According to the World Bank Group, corporate social responsibility is referred to as a sustainable business commitment that contributes to the economy and affects the surrounding environment and society. The higher the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure of a company, the lower the level of corporate tax avoidance (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 568, "width": 403, "height": 181, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax avoidance is not in accordance with the principle of corporate social responsibility which is carried out in an effort to gain legitimacy from the community (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) because the company maintains an image in the eyes of the community carried out in the company's efforts to protect the surrounding environment as a form of corporate concern for the surrounding environment. The results of previous research examining the effect of corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance are still inconsistent. Based on research conducted by (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) shows that corporate social responsibility (CSR) has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Meanwhile, according to (Zoebar & Miftah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 754, "width": 399, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2020) CSR has a positive effect on tax avoidance, the higher the company discloses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "52", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 57, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CSR, the higher the company's tax avoidance, this is because the CSR activities carried out are still considered a burden and no longer part of community development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 402, "height": 264, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Company size as a scale or value that can classify a company into large or small categories according to various ways such as total assets or total assets of the company, stock market value, average sales level and number, the maturity stage of the company is determined based on total assets, the greater the total assets indicate that the company has good prospects in a relatively long period of sales (puspita sari & Marsono, 2021) . According to (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) company size has a positive effect on tax avoidance, the larger the size of the company, the greater the resources it has, so that large companies are better able to make good tax planning and adopt effective accounting practices to reduce the company's earning tax rate (ETR). Other research conducted by (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) found different results that the company size variable had no effect on tax avoidance. (Shafira et al., 2022) in her research found that company size has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 402, "width": 402, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fixed assets (capital intensity) as one of the company's wealth has an impact that can reduce the company's income where almost all fixed assets can experience depreciation or depreciation which will be a cost for the company itself. Fixed assets owned by the company deduct taxes due to depreciation which will be the cost of depreciation in the company's financial statements. The greater the depreciation expense, the smaller the level of tax that must be paid, this has an impact on companies with a large capital intensity ratio level showing a low effective tax rate, with a low effective tax rate indicating the company is practicing tax avoidance (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 588, "width": 402, "height": 120, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on research conducted by (Ganiswari, 2019) which shows that the capital intensity variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance. While these results differ from research conducted by (Dwiyanti & Jati, 2019) and (Kalbuana et al., 2020) Capital Intensity has a positive effect on tax avoidance, the higher the capital intensity of a company, the higher the level of tax avoidance by the company, the higher the level of tax avoidance by the company.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 712, "width": 405, "height": 37, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the background description above, in this way the researcher formulates the research hypothesis as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 754, "width": 400, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₁ : It is suspected that corporate social responsibility, company size and capital", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 142, "top": 71, "width": 253, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "intensity have a significant effect on tax avoidance..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 91, "width": 398, "height": 37, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₂ : It is suspected that corporate social responsibility has a significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 383, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₃ : It is suspected that company size has a significant effect on tax avoidance..", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 154, "width": 406, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H₄ : It is suspected that capital intensity has a significant effect on tax avoidance..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 195, "width": 64, "height": 17, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METHODS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 216, "width": 404, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Type of data in quantitative method research using secondary data according to (Sugiyono, 2019). The population of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018 to 2022. y data analysis technique, namely multiple linear regression with panel data. In this study, it was processed using Eviews 12. The operational definition of variables is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 319, "width": 92, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Grand Theory", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 340, "width": 404, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Agency theory is a form of cooperation between company owners and managers (agents). Agency theory is the relationship between the principle and the agent, the agent is tasked with improving the running of the company and prospering the principle. As an agent, the manager is morally responsible for optimizing the profits of the owners and in return the agent will receive compensation in accordance with the contract. Thus there are two different interests to achieve prosperity (Suripto, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 485, "width": 402, "height": 264, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The relationship between agency theory and tax avoidance is a form of effort to streamline and reduce the tax burden by avoiding taxation and obtaining transaction benefits so that companies will carry out various policies to maximize company performance. Resources owned by the company can be used by agency theory to maximize agent performance compensation, namely by reducing the company's tax burden to maximize company performance. reducing the company's tax burden to maximize company performance. The link between agency theory and capital intensity is that this is because agency theory emphasizes more on the amount of corporate tax burden, idle funds in the company by managers who will be invested in the form of fixed asset investment, with the aim of obtaining benefits in the form of depreciation expense that can be used as a tax deduction so that taxable income becomes low. The link between agency theory and company size is to consider the level of agency needed based on the size of the company.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 150, "top": 754, "width": 367, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corporate legitimacy theory always tries to create a balance between", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "54", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 406, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "corporate values and social norms in the surrounding social environment, where the company is part of the social environment. This is done to gain legitimacy from the community. One of the efforts to gain community legitimacy is by paying taxes in accordance with applicable laws and regulations without carrying out activities that can harm many parties and other people. Legitimacy theory is a social contract with the society in which the company operates and uses economic resources. In legitimacy theory, companies focus on interactions with stakeholders. This is important because companies need recognition from investors, creditors, consumers, government, and the surrounding community. Companies that are aware of their survival will rely heavily on society and the environment ( (Tahar &", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 278, "width": 84, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rachmawati, 2020) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 298, "width": 402, "height": 79, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The link between legitimacy theory and corporate social responsibility is a key factor in the success and survival of the company, in accordance with the presumption of legitimacy theory, the higher the disclosure of corporate social responsibility, the more it will get a positive image from the community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 402, "width": 95, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tax Avoidance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 423, "width": 401, "height": 57, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tax avoidance is not a violation of tax law because the taxpayer's efforts to reduce, avoid, minimize or ease the tax burden are carried out in a way that is permitted by the Tax Law.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 485, "width": 400, "height": 78, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The company's strategy to minimize the tax burden by utilizing loopholes from tax provisions is measured using the Effective Tax Rate (ETR) proxy. ETR was chosen as a proxy for measuring tax calculation because the average corporate tax payment in Indonesia is still accrual (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 567, "width": 148, "height": 33, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸 = 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐵𝐵𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 625, "width": 177, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Corporate Social Responsibility", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 645, "width": 403, "height": 120, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Corporate social responsibility is the responsibility for the impact of decisions and activities on society and the environment in a transparent, ethical manner, and contributes to sustainable development (Suripto, 2021). Corporate social responsibility disclosure is information related to the form of responsibility for the business implementation process, where the disclosure is presented in the form of the company's annual report and sustainability report. In this study, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "corporate social responsibility variable will be measured using a sustainability report using the indicators written in the Financial Services Authority Circular Letter (SEOJK) No. 16 / SEOJK.04 / 2021 as a disclosure index using content analysis, a method or technique used to transfer data and qualitative data into quantitative data. Thus this research is carried out by transferring qualitative regarding the company's CSR disclosure in the company's annual report into a score and the index disclosure will use a dichotomous method, namely giving a value of 1 (one) for items that are \"disclosed\" and a value of 0 (zero) for items that are \"not disclosed\". The following is the calculation formula:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 282, "top": 257, "width": 59, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼 = 𝛴𝛴𝑇𝑇𝑃𝑃", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 329, "top": 274, "width": 7, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "n", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 291, "width": 91, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Company Size", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 312, "width": 402, "height": 98, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Company size is a container that can be used to obtain economic resources that are of value and can also generate profits for the company. The bigger a company is, the greater the total assets it has. In an effort to reduce the tax burden to a minimum, the company conducts tax planning to reduce taxable income (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 223, "top": 417, "width": 178, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐶𝐶𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝐼𝐼𝐶𝐶 𝐶𝐶𝑃𝑃𝑆𝑆𝐼𝐼 = 𝐿𝐿𝐼𝐼 ( 𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐴𝐴𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 )", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 436, "width": 101, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Capital Intensity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 457, "width": 401, "height": 119, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Capital intensity is proxied using the fixed asset intensity ratio, the fixed asset intensity ratio is used to measure the ratio of fixed assets to the total assets of a company, where this ratio describes the proportion or how much fixed assets the company has from its total assets. Capital Intensity in this study is proxied using the fixed asset intensity ratio. Fixed asset intensity ratio is the ratio of fixed assets to the total assets of a company with the calculation formula (Sandra & Anwar, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 581, "width": 215, "height": 25, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐴𝐴𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐸𝐸𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐶𝐶 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝐼𝐼 = total fixed assets", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 258, "top": 598, "width": 57, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Total Asset", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 636, "width": 163, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Descriptive Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 678, "width": 401, "height": 57, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Descriptive statistic analysis is used to determine the description of a data seen from the maximum value, minimum value, average value (mean), median value (median) and standard deviation value.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "56", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 238, "top": 71, "width": 152, "height": 17, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Descriptive Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 143, "top": 104, "width": 328, "height": 192, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ETR CSR UP CI Mean 0.222520 0.379000 20.97095 0.303782 Median 0.223430 0.380000 20.09067 0.205087 Maximum 0.478616 0.600000 29.80987 0.829461 Minimum 0.050251 0.140000 18.41322 0.028253 Std. Dev. 0.099849 0.116308 3.161349 0.250347 Skewness 0.311766 -0.050346 1.978476 0.927496 Kurtosis 3.153268 2.297473 5.889582 2.474861 Jarque-Bera 0.858924 1.049339 50.01489 7.743261 Probability 0.650859 0.591751 0.000000 0.020824 Sum 11.12601 18.95000 1048.547 15.18908 Sum Sq. Dev. 0.488525 0.662850 489.7122 3.071012 Observations 50 50 50 50", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 311, "width": 400, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. ETR variable The results of the Descriptive statistical test in the table show that the tax avoidance variable (Y) has a minimum value of 0.050251 in PT Trans Power Marini, a maximum value of 0.478616 in PT Indotambang Raya with an average or mean value of 0.222520 and a standard deviation value of 0.099859, which means that the mean value is greater than the standard deviation, meaning that statistically tax avoidance has met the standards which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 456, "width": 403, "height": 161, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. The CSR variable descriptive statistical test results in the table show that corporate social responsibility has a minimum value of 0.140000 at PT Mitrabara Adiperna Tbk, a maximum value of 0.600000 is found at PT Elnusa Tbk with a mean value of 0.379000 and a deviation value of 0.116308 which means that the mean value is greater than the deviation value so that it indicates that the results are quite good which means that statistically corporate social responsibility has met the standards which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 622, "width": 400, "height": 140, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Variable UP the results of the descriptive statistical test in the table show that the company size has a minimum value of 18.41322 found at PT Trans Tower Marine, a maximum value of 29.80987 at PT Elnusa Tbk, the mean value has a value of 20.97095 and a standard deviation value of 3.161349 which means that the mean value is greater than the standard deviation so that it indicates that the results are quite good which means that statistically the size of the company has met the standards which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "57", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 402, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Variable CI the results of the statistical test in the table show that capital intensity has a minimum value of 0.028253 at PT Tbs Energi Tbk, a maximum value of 0.829461 at PT Trans Tower Marine, the mean value has a value of 0.303782 and a standard deviation value of 0.250347 which means that the mean value is greater than the standard deviation so that it indicates that the results are quite good which means that statistically capital intensity has met the standard which shows that the data deviation is relatively good.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 215, "width": 128, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Classic Assumption Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 236, "width": 403, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Before analyzing panel data regression, it is necessary to test several classical assumptions used, namely normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity which in detail can be explained as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 298, "width": 81, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Normality Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 319, "width": 405, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The normality test aims to test whether in the regression method, confounding or residual variables have a normal distribution. In this study using the distribution on the histogram and jarque-bera (JB).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 249, "top": 556, "width": 130, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Normality Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 577, "width": 403, "height": 37, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is known that the probability value is 0.216100, greater than the significance level of 0.05. It can be concluded that the data is normally distributed.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 618, "width": 118, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multicollinearity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 639, "width": 401, "height": 58, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Multicollinearity is a linear relationship between independent variables that aims to test whether there is a high or perfect correlation between independent variables in the regression model.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "58", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 234, "top": 71, "width": 159, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Multicollinearity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 204, "top": 92, "width": 218, "height": 71, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CSR UP CI CSR 1.000000 0.361390 0.064183 UP 0.361390 1.000000 -0.270568 CI 0.064183 -0.270568 1.000000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 165, "width": 403, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is known that the value of each independent variable, namely CSR, UP and CI has a value of less than 0.80, meaning that the data does not occur multicollinearity problems.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 227, "width": 122, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 248, "width": 399, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The heteroscedasticity test aims to test whether in the regression model there is an inequality of variance from the residuals of one observation to another. In this observation to detect the presence of heteroscedasticity can be done by testing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 230, "top": 310, "width": 163, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Heteroscedasticity Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 342, "width": 328, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "F-statistic 1.340873 Prob. F(9,40) 0.2474 Obs*R-squared 11.58858 Prob. Chi-Square(9) 0.2375 Scaled explained SS 12.72742 Prob. Chi-Square(9) 0.1753", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 399, "width": 405, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results of the table above can be seen that the p value indicated by the prob value of chi square (9) on obs * R-Squared is 0.2375 therefore the p value of 0.2375> 0.05 thus, it can be concluded that this study does not occur heteroscedasticity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 482, "width": 110, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Autocorrelation Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 503, "width": 402, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Autocorrelation test is used to test whether the regression model finds a correlation between confounding errors in period t-1 (previous). If there is a correlation, it is called a correlation problem. Testing for autocorrelation symptoms can be done with the Durbin-Waston test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 236, "top": 586, "width": 154, "height": 17, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Autocorrelation Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 618, "width": 328, "height": 106, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Root MSE 0.080325 R-squared 0.339629 Mean dependent var 0.222520 Adjusted R-squared 0.296562 S.D. dependent var 0.099849 S.E. of regression 0.083745 Akaike info criterion -2.045465 Sum squared resid 0.322608 Schwarz criterion -1.892503 Log likelihood 55.13662 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.987216 F-statistic 7.885947 Durbin-Watson stat 1.627175 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000239", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 150, "top": 738, "width": 364, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "It is known that the Durbin-Watson stat value is 1.627175. Thus, the data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "59", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 399, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tested is concluded to have no autocorrelation, because the Durbin-Watson value is between -2 and +2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 112, "width": 162, "height": 17, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Panel Data Regression Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 133, "width": 399, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To examine whether there is a causal relationship between the independent variables or to examine how much influence Deferred Tax Assets, Deferred Tax Expenses and Current Tax Expenses have on the dependent variable, namely Earnings Management.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 209, "top": 215, "width": 209, "height": 17, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Panel Data Regression Analysis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 183, "top": 248, "width": 294, "height": 86, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 0.108257 0.088629 1.221459 0.2281 CSR -0.028905 0.112158 -0.257716 0.7978 UP 0.008575 0.004277 2.004842 0.0509 CI -0.179792 0.050468 -3.562524 0.0009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 348, "width": 402, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the results of a simple analysis on the panel data regression purchasing table as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 389, "width": 395, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ETR = 0.108257 – 0.28905 CSR + 0.008575 UP - 0.179792 CI + e The results of the regression equation above can explain each variable as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 431, "width": 400, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The constant value in the regression equation is 0.108257, this indicates that if the independent variable, namely corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity, is zero, then tax avoidance has a value of 0.108257.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 493, "width": 401, "height": 119, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has a coefficient value of -0.028905, this means that if Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) increases by one unit and other independent variables are considered constant, ETR will decrease by - 0.028905, and vice versa if Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) decreases by one unit and other independent variables are considered constant, ETR will increase by -0.028905.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 617, "width": 401, "height": 99, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Company Size (UP) has a coefficient value of 0.008575, this means that if the company size (UP) increases by one unit and the other independent variables do not change or are constant, the ETR will increase by 0.008575, and vice versa if the company size (UP) decreases by one unit and the other independent variables are considered constant, the ETR will decrease by 0.008575.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 720, "width": 401, "height": 37, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Capital Intensity (CI) The coefficient value is -0.179792, this means that if capital intensity (CI) increases by one unit and other independent variables are", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 132, "top": 71, "width": 385, "height": 57, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "considered constant, ETR will decrease by -0.179792, and vice versa if capital intensity (CI) decreases by one unit and other independent variables are considered constant, ETR will increase by 0.179792.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 153, "width": 137, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Determination Coefficient", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 174, "width": 400, "height": 78, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The coefficient of determination test is a number that shows the degree of ability of the independent variables in the function concerned. The value of R2 is between zero and one (0 < R < 1). If the value is close to one, then the model is good.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 257, "width": 181, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 7. Determination Coefficient", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 289, "width": 328, "height": 105, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Root MSE 0.080325 R-squared 0.339629 Mean dependent var 0.222520 Adjusted R-squared 0.296562 S.D. dependent var 0.099849 S.E. of regression 0.083745 Akaike info criterion -2.045465 Sum squared resid 0.322608 Schwarz criterion -1.892503 Log likelihood 55.13662 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.987216 F-statistic 7.885947 Durbin-Watson stat 1.627175 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000239", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 409, "width": 402, "height": 99, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The results in the table obtained an Adjusted R-squared value of 0.296562, it shows that the percentage of influence of the independent variables, namely corporate social responsinility, company size and capital intensity on the dependent variable, namely tax avoidance, is 29% and the remaining 71% is influenced by other independent variables not examined in this research method.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 533, "width": 85, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypothesis Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 554, "width": 401, "height": 99, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hypothesis testing is carried out to test whether the independent variable has an influence on the dependent variable. The hypothesis will be tested using a significance level or alpha level of 5%. If the significance value is smaller than 5% alpha, it can be said that there is a real influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable and vice versa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "61", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 75, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Simultan Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 254, "top": 112, "width": 119, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 8. Simultan Test", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 144, "width": 328, "height": 106, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Root MSE 0.080325 R-squared 0.339629 Mean dependent var 0.222520 Adjusted R-squared 0.296562 S.D. dependent var 0.099849 S.E. of regression 0.083745 Akaike info criterion -2.045465 Sum squared resid 0.322608 Schwarz criterion -1.892503 Log likelihood 55.13662 Hannan-Quinn criter. -1.987216 F-statistic 7.885947 Durbin-Watson stat 1.627175 Prob(F-statistic) 0.000239", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 264, "width": 403, "height": 327, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The calculated F value is 7.885947 and a significant value of 0.000239. The Ftabel value is obtained by the formula f count with df (numerator) = k-1, 4-1 = 3 and df2 (peneybut) n-k 50-4 = 46. Based on the results of testing the random effect model in the table above, the results show that the F-stastistic is 7.885947> F table 2.81 and the probability value of the F-statistic <0.05, namely 0.000239. This shows that the variables of corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity simultaneously have a significant effect on tax avoidance. This makes companies take risks by minimizing the tax burden in various ways. Companies involved in tax avoidance are companies that are not socially responsible so that the company's decision to reduce its tax rate or to avoid taxes is influenced by its attitude towards corporate social responsibility (Sandra & Anwar, 2018). Company size also affects tax avoidance by proxying the high and low level of activity operations of a company which is parallel to the size of a company. According to ((Sandra & Anwar, 2018) the company invests its assets in fixed assets and inventory. In capital intensity research using fixed asset intensity. The higher the company's capital intensity, the higher the tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 595, "width": 67, "height": 17, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parsial Test", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 636, "width": 294, "height": 119, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 9. Parsial Test Variable Coefficient Std. Error t-Statistic Prob. C 0.108257 0.088629 1.221459 0.2281 CSR -0.028905 0.112158 -0.257716 0.7978 UP 0.008575 0.004277 2.004842 0.0509 CI -0.179792 0.050468 -3.562524 0.0009", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "62", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 75, "width": 401, "height": 120, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the t test results that have been presented in the table above, it can be seen that the calculated T value and the resulting significant value for each variable and the T table value are obtained from (df = n-k = 50 - 4 = 46) at a = 0.05 (0.05: 2 = 0.025) seen from the T distribution table, the result is 2.01290 and it can be concluded that the hypothesis test results on each independent variable are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 199, "width": 403, "height": 286, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The corporate social responsibility variable has a probability value> significant 0.05 or 0.7978> 0.05 and a calculated T value of 0.257716 < 2.01290. This shows that H1 is rejected so it can be concluded that in this study the Corporate Social Responsibility variable has no effect on tax avoidance. In this study, there is no significant effect between CSR disclosure on tax avoidance, this happens because there is still little CSR disclosure made by energy sector companies during the 2018-2022 period, based on the statistical data processed, it is known that the average CSR disclosure of energy sector companies during 2018-2022 is below 50% or exactly 37.90%. The results of this study are in line with (Sihombing & Sudjiman, 2022) and (Hayati & Okmawati, 2019) which state that corporate social responsibility variables have no effect on tax avoidance. However, the results of this study are not in line with research (Zoebar & Miftah, 2020) and (Sandra & Anwar, 2018) which state that corporate social responsibility variables have a negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 489, "width": 403, "height": 265, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. The firm size variable has a probability value> significant 0.05 or 0.0509> 0.05 and a calculated T value of 2.004842 < 2.01290. This shows that H2 is rejected so it can be concluded that in this study the firm size variable has no effect on tax avoidance. Companies that have a large size and have large revenues will be subject to appropriate tax costs. Looking at the total assets owned by the company, a large company size has larger total assets as well and has abundant resources and generates greater income with the amount of income the company can fulfill its tax payment obligations without having to take action tax avoidance practices.The results of this study are in line with (Kalbuana et al., 2020) and (Ganiswari, 2019) which state that the company size variable has no effect on tax avoidance. Conversely, the results of this study are not in line with research (Safitri & Muid, 2020) and (Riskatari & Jati, 2020) which state that the company size variable has a positive effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "63", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 403, "height": 326, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. The capital intensity variable has a probability value < significant 0.05 or 0.0009 < 0.05 and the t value is 3.56524> 2.01290, this shows that H3 is accepted so it can be concluded that in this study the capital intensity variable has a negative effect on tax avoidance. The fixed assets owned by each company allow the company to deduct taxes due to the depreciation of the company's fixed assets each year. Almost all fixed assets will experience depreciation which will become depreciation expense in the financial statements. While this depreciation cost is a cost that can be deducted from income in the calculation of corporate tax, the greater the depreciation cost, the smaller the level of tax that must be paid by the company. When capital intensity increases, the company's ETR value will decrease due to these additional costs. This research is in line with (Sihombing & Sudjiman, 2022) and (Jessica, 2022) which state that capital intensity has a negative effect on tax avoidance. Conversely, the results of this study are not in line with research (Dewi & Oktaviani, n.d.) and ((Zoebar & Miftah, 2020) which state that the capital intensity variable has no effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 426, "width": 84, "height": 17, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 451, "width": 400, "height": 37, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the test results and discussion described in the previous chapter, the following can be concluded:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 497, "width": 383, "height": 30, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. The variable of corporate social responsibility, company size and capital intensity simultaneously has a significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 528, "width": 382, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. The corporate social responsibility variable has no significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 562, "width": 332, "height": 16, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. The firm size variable has no significant effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 132, "top": 581, "width": 385, "height": 31, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. The capital intensity variable has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 632, "width": 84, "height": 17, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 662, "width": 407, "height": 48, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewi, S. L., & Oktaviani, R. M. (n.d.). Pengaruh Leverage, Capital Intensity, Komisaris Independen Dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Tax Avoidance. In Jurnal Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan (Vol. 4, Issue 2).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 114, "top": 710, "width": 401, "height": 47, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwiyanti, I. A. I., & Jati, I. K. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Capital Intensity, dan Inventory Intensity pada Penghindaran Pajak. E-Jurnal Akuntansi . https://doi.org/10.24843/eja.2019.v27.i03.p24", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 237, "top": 27, "width": 150, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Indah Jayanti Ningrum, Agus Affandi", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 114, "top": 793, "width": 147, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 9 No.1, February 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 462, "top": 793, "width": 13, "height": 13, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 71, "width": 405, "height": 64, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ganiswari, R. A. (2019). Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Leverage, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Pertambangan Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017). 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Kompartemen: Jurnal Ilmiah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 87, "width": 400, "height": 63, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akuntansi , 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.30595/kompartemen.v18i1.6342 Zoebar, M. K. Y., & Miftah, D. (2020). Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility, Capital Intensity Dan Kualitas Audit Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Jurnal Magister Akuntansi Trisakti , 7 (1). https://doi.org/10.25105/jmat.v7i1.6315", "type": "List item" } ]

1c1dea2d-f2e6-8736-55d4-e19ccb87defa

https://ejurnal.bppt.go.id/index.php/jurnalwave/article/download/2258/2113

[ { "left": 66, "top": 45, "width": 404, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Implementasi Strategi Integrasi untuk Pengembangan Industri Galangan Kapal di Surabaya dan Sekitarnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 65, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(Ishak Bawias, Achmad Zubaydi, Buana Ma’ruf)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 70, "top": 99, "width": 379, "height": 41, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "BENTUK-BENTUK IMPLEMENTASI STRATEGI INTEGRASI UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI GALANGAN KAPAL DI SURABAYA DAN SEKITARNYA", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 115, "top": 162, "width": 290, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Implementation Forms of Integration Strategy for Development of Shipyard Industry in Surabaya and Surrounding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 198, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ishak Bawias 1 , Achmad Zubaydi 2 , Buana Ma’ruf 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 219, "width": 271, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "1 Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan, Jurusan Teknik Perkapalan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 112, "top": 237, "width": 294, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "2 Guru Besar dan Dosen Pengajar Jurusan Teknik Perkapalan, Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS), Surabaya, Jawa Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 256, "width": 295, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "3 Peneliti Utama BPPT, Pusat Teknologi Industri Rekayasa Maritim, Surabaya, Jawa Timur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 207, "top": 276, "width": 96, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 146, "top": 300, "width": 225, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Diterima: 2 Juni 2017; Direvisi: 12 Juni 2017; Disetujui: 24 Juli 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 329, "width": 34, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 350, "width": 383, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu keberhasilan beberapa negara dalam mengembangkan industri galangan kapalnya adalah dengan menerapkan strategi-strategi integrasi dalam industri galangan kapal dalam sebuah kawasan/klaster, sehingga sinergi antar galangan dan pendukungnya menjadi optimal dan tercipta daya saing secara berkesinambungan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini diarahkan pada pengembangan bentuk-bentuk implementasi strategi industri galangan kapal di Surabaya dan sekitarnya, berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya (Ma’ruf, 2007, dan Hidayat, 2016). Alternatif-alternatif bentuk strategi pada bisnis bangunan kapal baru dikembangkan dari hasil analisis dengan menggunakan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Data diperoleh dari kuesioner (berdasarkan Skala Likert ) terhadap 31 responden manajemen puncak sejumlah galangan dan industri pendukung, serta institusi-institusi terkait. Hasilnya diperoleh bahwa, alternatif strategi yang paling potensial dilakukan adalah strategi integrasi/aliansi dengan industri pemasok dan pendukung dalam wilayah klaster industri. Strategi lainnya adalah aliansi dengan perusahaan-perusahaan pelayaran/pengguna jasa dan sesama galangan dalam kawasan industri, selain juga menerapkan strategi-strategi intensif untuk peningkatan penjualan, sesuai kemampuan masing-masing perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 500, "width": 211, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kata kunci: galangan kapal, strategi integrasi, daya saing", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 243, "top": 532, "width": 33, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 70, "top": 552, "width": 382, "height": 98, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "One of the successes of the Philippines and Vietnam in developing the shipbuilding industry is by applying integration strategies within the shipbuilding industry, so that synergy between docks and supporters is optimized and create sustainable competitiveness. Therefore, this research is aimed at developing shipyard industry in Surabaya and its surroundings, through analysis of business competitiveness with the implementation of integration strategies. The form of strategy implementation from several previous studies was continued through questionnaires (based on Likert Scale) to 31 respondents of top management of a number of shipyard and supporting industries, as well as related institutions. The result, then analyzed by using Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), so that obtained some form of synergy and potential synergy pattern done in shipbuilding industry development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 658, "width": 229, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Keywords: shipyard, integation strategy, competitiveness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 52, "width": 206, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Wave Volume 11 Nomor 1, Juli 2017: Hal: 39-44", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 75, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 87, "width": 209, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Saat ini, perkembangan industri galangan nasional pada dua dekade terakhir sangat lambat bahkan beberapa mengalami stagnasi. Meskipun pemerintah telah memberikan insentif seperti bea masuk pembelian komponen dan tunjangan pajak dibayar oleh pemerintah, industri galangan kapal akan tetap tidak akan mencapai target dalam waktu dekat dan belum efektif (Roesdianto, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 183, "width": 206, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Rendahnya tingkat produktivitas dan kapasitas menyebabkan industri galangan kapal nasional tidak berdaya saing. Daya saing industri adalah faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan atau kegagalan suatu industri. Seperti yang diadopsi oleh sebagian besar industri galangan kapal terkemuka di dunia, strategi korporasi dan bisnis diperlukan untuk membuat industri galangan kapal mempunyai daya saing yang berkelanjutan di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 291, "width": 210, "height": 116, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Sejauh ini tidak ada strategi yang jelas tentang industri galangan kapal. Sifat alami yang berbeda dengan industri lain membuat industri galangan kapal membutuhkan formulasi strategi khusus yang telah dikembangkan berdasarkan karakteristik bisnisnya (Ma’ruf, 2007). Kondisi industri kemaritiman Indonesia masih yang tertinggal dibandingkan dengan negara Asia lainnya, memerlukan sebuah terobosan kebijakan sistem produksi untuk meningkatkan daya saing industri kemaritiman nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 411, "width": 218, "height": 104, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan adalah menerapkan strategi-strategi bisnis yang bersifat integratif, yang diharapkan akan mampu membangun sebuah kerjasama yang saling menguntungkan dalam proses dan hasilnya. Strategi-strategi seperti Integrasi horizontal, Integrasi ke depan dan Integrasi ke belakang (David, 2015) bisa diterapkan dengan mempertimbangkan karakteristik industri galangan kapal yang berbeda dengan industri pada umumnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 531, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "TINJAUAN PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 543, "width": 210, "height": 91, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Strategi integrasi merupakan strategi yang dilakukan perusahaan agar dapat mendapatkan pengawasan yang lebih terhadap distributor, pemasok, dan para pesaing baik melalui merger, akuisisi, atau membuat perusahaan sendiri (David, 2015). Penggunaan jenis strategi ini pada industri-industri besar memberi ruang untuk dilakukannya eksperimen aplikasi strategi ini ke dalam industri galangan kapal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 638, "width": 203, "height": 20, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Salah satu formulasi strategi yang bisa digunakan, dapat di lihat dalam formulasi yang disusun oleh David,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 74, "width": 207, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "F. R. (2015), dimana formulasinya telah digunakan di penjuru dunia dalam berbagai bidang. Akan tetapi, sekali lagi bahwa sifat alami yang berbeda dari industri galangan kapal dengan industri lain membuat industri ini membutuhkan formulasi strategi khusus. Perumusan dan pemilihan strategi dibuat berdasarkan faktor internal dan eksternal pada bangunan baru dan reparasi kapal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 170, "width": 209, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pada galangan kapal kategori kelas menengah, bisnis bangunan baru dan reparasi kapal bukan merupakan business unit yang terpisah, namun tergabung dalam satu perusahaan saja. Galangan kapal merupakan industri yang memiliki karakter khusus, yaitu padat modal, padat karya, dan waktu pengembalian modalnya cukup lama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 254, "width": 208, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Sehingga untuk menilai daya saing, harus dibandingkan dengan kondisi persaingan di pasar Internasional (Ma’ruf, 2008). Karena itu diperlukan formulasi strategi khusus dengan menggunakan faktor-faktor yang dimiliki oleh galangan-galangan kapal. Pengembangan dengan penilaian daya tarik strategi dan klasifikasi dari peringkat perusahaan galangan kapal dimasukkan ke dalam sebuah matriks portofolio yang disebut Shipyard Business (SB) Matrix. Hasilnya kemudian dapat digunakan untuk menyusun sebuah model untuk perumusan strategi galangan kapal dengan mengintegrasikannya ke dalam tahapan formulasi sebagai adopsi kerangka formula David (2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 422, "width": 210, "height": 164, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pada tahun 2005 sampai 2010, penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Ma’ruf (2010) menunjukkan bahwa kondisi rata-rata faktor internal dan eksternal galangan kapal nasional cenderung menurun. Selain itu juga, kondisi bisnis reparasi masih lebih baik dibandingkan bisnis bangunan baru. Melihat kondisi terkini, program pemerintah untuk penguatan sektor laut dan pembangunan tol laut sebagai jalan untuk membuka akses pemerataan pembangunan di seluruh Indonesia membuat industri galangan kapal nasional, khususnya di wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya memiliki potensi yang besar agar dapat berkembang lebih maju lagi. Akan tetapi agar dapat bersaing, industri galangan kapal harus memiliki strategi daya saing yang unggul.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 590, "width": 210, "height": 68, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Untuk mendapatkan strategi yang berdaya saing, Ma’ruf melakukan penelitian analisis daya saing industri galangan kapal di tahun 2005 dan 2009. Penelitian ini meliputi 3 perusahaan yaitu: PT. PAL Indonesia, PT. Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya, dan PT. Dumas Tanjung Perak Shipyard.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 45, "width": 404, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Implementasi Strategi Integrasi untuk Pengembangan Industri Galangan Kapal di Surabaya dan Sekitarnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 65, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(Ishak Bawias, Achmad Zubaydi, Buana Ma’ruf)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 77, "width": 206, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah lima alternatif strategi. Dua diantaranya yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 101, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "a. Integrasi horizontal : aliansi strategis dengan industri galangan kapal potensial di dalam dan luar negeri, untuk peningkatan kapasitas atau kerjasama operasi pada proyek bernilai besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 149, "width": 207, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "b. Integrasi ke belakang: kerjasama dengan pemasok material utama kapal, hal ini dilakukan karena biasanya waktu pemesanan lama atau sering mengalami keterlambatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 48, "top": 197, "width": 212, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian lanjutan dilakukan pada tahun 2016 oleh Hidayat (2016) yang meneliti tentang daya saing galangan-galangan kapal kelas menengah di Surabaya dan sekitarnya. Penelitian ini mengukur seberapa besar daya saing perusahaan-perusahaan galangan kapal di Surabaya dan sekitarnya dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar di bisnis pembangunan dan reparasi kapal serta memformulasikan strategi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan daya saingnya. Di antara kelima hasil dari penelitian ini, pilihan alternatif strategi integrasi yang dihasilkan adalah Horizontal Integration (HI), Backward Integration (BI), dan Forward Integration (FI). Ketiga strategi ini dirasa sangat perlu untuk dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 365, "width": 210, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hasil dari implementasi alternatif strategi tersebut, kemudian dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Yaitu sebuah alat analisis yang digunakan untuk menentukan strategi yang berdasarkan tingkat daya tarik ( Attractiveness ) dari alternatif-alternatif strategi yang ada. Perhitungan QSPM didasarkan kepada input bobot matriks internal eksternal, serta alternatif strategi pada tahap pencocokan. Dalam penelitian ini, analisis QSPM dilakukan untuk menganalisa dua belas strategi fungsional yang telah melalui proses analisa Skala Likert.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 521, "width": 101, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 533, "width": 212, "height": 128, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Penelitian ini dimulai dengan menyusun strategi-strategi pilihan berdasarkan hasil penelitian sebelumnya (Ma’ruf, 2007) ke dalam bentuk kuesioner untuk dibagikan kepada responden dari berbagai bidang profesi yang termasuk dalam lingkup penelitian, yaitu top manajemen industri galangan kapal dan industri-industri yang mendukungnya. Kuesioner disusun dengan teknik pengukuran Skala Likert (Likert , R.A., 1932), yaitu melihat seberapa penting pilihan yang diberikan kepada responden. Tingkat penilaian prioritas untuk setiap pertanyaan diberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 77, "width": 206, "height": 104, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "poin pilihan dengan nilai yang berbeda, yaitu 1 untuk pilihan “tidak penting”, 2 untuk pilihan “cukup penting”, 3 untuk pilihan “penting” dan 4 untuk pilihan “sangat penting”. Pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini kemudian dibagikan dalam bentuk kuesioner fisik dan non fisik berupa “google form”. Hasil data yang didapat di validasi lagi oleh expert untuk menjamin kebenaran pengisian data oleh orang yang tepat sesuai bidang profesi yang dimilikinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 185, "width": 208, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Rekapitulasi data kuesioner disusun kembali untuk melihat komposisi responden yang mengisinya, agar data yang masuk sudah benar mewakili data diperlukan untuk penelitian ini. Data yang didapat kemudian diolah dengan menggunakan dua teknik pengukuran, yaitu Skala Likert untuk menentukan prioritas pilihan jawaban terbaik dari beberapa pilihan strategi yang diberikan, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan analisis Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) untuk menentukan strategi terbaik berdasarkan pengaruh faktor-faktor utama yang mempengaruhi pilihan strategi fungsional yang diambil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 329, "width": 207, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Meskipun penentuan nilai daya tarik (attractiveness score) untuk setiap strategi terhadap faktor-faktor utama bisa dilakukan penulis dengan mengikuti prosedur dalam literatur yang ada, namun penentuan faktor dan nilai daya tarik (attractiveness score) untuk setiap strategi ini sangat membutuhkan intuisi yang baik dari seorang ahli yang berpengalaman dalam bidang industri galangan kapal. Sebab itu, analisis ini kemudian didiskusikan dengan expert untuk melihat tren hasil analisis, sehingga peneliti bisa melanjutkan untuk menyusun dan membuat konsep model klaster yang sesuai dengan strategi bisnis yang didapat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 485, "width": 127, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 497, "width": 213, "height": 164, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pada penelitian ini, strategi-strategi integratif yang dihasilkan pada penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya yaitu Integrasi Horizontal/ Horizontal Integration (HI), Integrasi ke belakang/Backward Integration (BI), dan Integrasi ke depan/ Forward Integration (FI), dijabarkan ke dalam bentuk strategi-strategi fungsional. Strategi-strategi ini ditentukan dan disusun berdasarkan hasil kajian literatur dan diskusi dengan expert yang sudah memiliki pengalaman yang sangat lama dalam bidang industri galangan kapal. Sebanyak 12 strategi fungsional yang dijabarkan kemudian dibagi ke dalam masing-masing 4 strategi untuk setiap alternatif. Strategi-strategi fungsional tersebut dapat dilihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 52, "width": 206, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Wave Volume 11 Nomor 1, Juli 2017: Hal: 39-44", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 76, "width": 164, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 1. Pilihan implementasi strategi berdasarkan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 526, "width": 207, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Strategi-strategi ini kemudian dilemparkan kepada 40 responden yang memiliki peranan/posisi penting pada industri galangan kapal di Surabaya Dan sekitarnya, dalam bentuk kuesioner. Kuesioner ini berisi tentang seberapa penting strategi-strategi fungsional di atas dapat memberikan impact yang baik dalam usaha peningkatan. Produktivitas dan daya saing industri galangan kapal pada tabel 2. Dari hasil olah data menurut Skala Likert , penulis selanjutnya memilih dua strategi fungsional dengan nilai presentase skala tertinggi. Jika dilihat pada tabel 2, strategi fungsional yang terpilih sebagai implementasi strategi Integrasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 75, "width": 212, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Horisontal /Horizontal Integration (HI) adalah pengembangan klaster industri galangan kapal (HI-01) dan kerjasama antar galangan dalam pembangunan kapal tertentu (HI-02).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 136, "width": 86, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 2. Skor Skala Likert", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 283, "top": 299, "width": 185, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Implementasi strategi untuk Backward Integration", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 311, "width": 209, "height": 104, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(BI) adalah kerjasama pengembangan industri komponen /pendukung kapal (dengan perusahaan dari dalam dan luar negeri) di dalam wilayah klaster (BI-01), serta kerjasama pengembangan industri komponen kapal di Jawa Timur (BI-03). Yang terakhir, yaitu Forward Integration (FI) akan melakukan kerjasama dengan perusahaan pelayaran nasional (FI-01), dan memfokuskan pada regulasi dan insentif pemerintah untuk membangun kapal di dalam negeri (FI-03).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 309, "top": 429, "width": 124, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 3. Strategi pilihan Skala Likert", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 66, "top": 45, "width": 404, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Bentuk-Bentuk Implementasi Strategi Integrasi untuk Pengembangan Industri Galangan Kapal di Surabaya dan Sekitarnya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 291, "top": 65, "width": 179, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "(Ishak Bawias, Achmad Zubaydi, Buana Ma’ruf)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 77, "width": 211, "height": 236, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Masing-masing strategi pilihan dari alternatif strategi yang ada, selanjutnya dianalisis dengan QSPM yaitu membandingkan seberapa besar pengaruh faktor-faktor dalam industri galangan kapal terhadap setiap strategi yang terpilih. Hasil besaran matriks QSPM menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar nilai, maka semakin menarik strategi yang ditawarkan.Semakin menarik strategi tersebut, akan memungkinkan industri-industri galangan kapal memanfaatkan kekuatan, memperbaiki kelemahan, memanfaatkan kesempatan, dan menghindari ancaman. Nilai Attractiveness Scores (AS) didefinisikan sebagai angka yang mengindikasikan daya tarik relatif dari masing-masing strategi kepada faktor internal dan eksternal dalam set alternatif tertentu. Penentuan nilai ini dapat ditentukan melalui diskusi dengan expert yang memiliki pengalaman yang sangat lama dibidang industri perkapalan sehingga memiliki intuisi yang bagus dalam menentukan standar nilai AS untuk setiap faktor eksternal dan internal yang dibandingkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 49, "top": 317, "width": 204, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 4 menunjukkan bahwa strategi alternatif Backward Integration (BI), khususnya untuk strategi fungsional BI-01 menjadi pilihan dengan skor tertinggi (6,52), diikuti oleh Forward Integration (FI) dengan strategi fungsional FI-03 (6,34), dan Horizontal Integration (HI) dengan strategi fungsional HI-01 (5,75).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 414, "width": 145, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Tabel 4. Pilihan strategi hasil analisis QSPM", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 580, "width": 208, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pilihan strategi fungsional untuk Horizontal Integration (HI) adalah HI-01, yaitu pengembangan klaster industri galangan kapal (total skor 5,75). Pengembangan sebuah wadah untuk kerjasama antar industri galangan kapal serta industri lainnya yang berhubungan langsung dengan industri perkapalan dirasa sudah sangat perlu untuk dilakukan. Untuk itu,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 77, "width": 204, "height": 116, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "sebuah klaster industri galangan kapal untuk wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya harus segera di bangun agar bisa membantu mempercepat peningkatan daya saing industri galangan kapal. Pada dasarnya, penyusunan konsep klaster industri galangan kapal sudah mulai disiapkan sejak tahun 2015 dengan mengukur Tingkat Kesiapan Teknologi (TRL) klaster industri perkapalan. Hal ini bisa menjadi jalan yang sangat baik untuk menyusun konsep klaster industri galangan kapal di wilayah Surabaya dan sekitarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 197, "width": 207, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pilihan strategi fungsional untuk Backward Integration (BI) adalah BI-01, yaitu kerjasama pengembangan industri komponen/pendukung kapal (dengan perusahaan dari dalam dan luar negeri) di dalam wilayah klaster (skor total 6,52). Industri komponen masih menjadi salah satu faktor yang paling mempengaruhi daya saing industri galangan kapal (Ma’ruf, dkk. 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 293, "width": 213, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Kerjasama untuk membangun industri komponen/pendukung kapal khusus di wilayah klaster akan sangat memudahkan anggota klaster untuk mengontrol jumlah pasokan komponen sehingga proses produksi bangunan kapal baru maupun reparasi dapat berjalan dengan lancar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 365, "width": 202, "height": 188, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Pilihan strategi fungsional untuk Forward Integration (FI) adalah FI-03, yaitu regulasi dan insentif pemerintah untuk membangun kapal di dalam negeri (skor total 6,34). Regulasi ini dianggap sangat penting untuk dibuat, karena tidak bisa dihindari bahwa harga komponen kapal pasti berhubungan langsung dengan pajak, surat-surat perijinan, serta regulasi yang lainnya. Sekalipun dalam program kerja pemerintahan yang baru telah membebaskan beberapa pajak untuk komponen kapal, akan tetapi regulasi dan pemberian intensif untuk pembangunan kapal di dalam negeri dirasa sangat perlu karena kebanyakan owner masih memilih untuk membangun kapal mereka di negara lain dengan pertimbangan regulasi yang lebih ringan jika dibandingkan dengan regulasi yang ada di Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 269, "top": 569, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 269, "top": 581, "width": 204, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahwa, alternatif strategi yang paling potensial dilakukan untuk menciptakan daya saing yang berkesinambungan adalah strategi integrasi dengan industri pemasok dan pendukung dalam wilayah klaster industri. Strategi lainnya adalah aliansi dengan perusahaan-perusahaan pelayaran/pengguna jasa dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 52, "width": 206, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Jurnal Wave Volume 11 Nomor 1, Juli 2017: Hal: 39-44", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 253, "top": 693, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "44", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 48, "top": 75, "width": 213, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "sesama galangan dalam kawasan industri, selain juga menerapkan strategi-strategi intensif untuk peningkatan penjualan, sesuai kemampuan masing-masing perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 135, "width": 85, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 151, "width": 201, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "David, F. R. (2015). Strategic Management, Concepts and Cases. 15th Edition. Prentice Hall .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 178, "width": 213, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Hidayat, T. (2016). Pengembangan Strategi Daya Saing Industri Galangan Kapal Surabaya dengan Menggunakan Model Formulasi Yardstrat . Tesis. Fakultas Teknologi Kelautan. Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember. Surabaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 246, "width": 206, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Likert , R. A. (1932). Technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 140: 1-55.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 283, "width": 204, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma’ruf, B., dkk. (2006). Environmental-Based Strategic Management Model for Indonesia’s Medium-Sized Shipyards. The Journal of Ship Production, Vol. 22, No. 4, November 2006.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 330, "width": 206, "height": 39, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma'ruf, B. (2007). Pengembangan Model Formulasi Strategi untuk Perusahaan Galangan Kapal . DISERTASI. Surabaya, Indonesia: Program Doktor ITS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 377, "width": 205, "height": 29, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma’ruf, B. (2008). Rancangan Perangkat Lunak untuk Aplikasi YARDSTRAT. Jurnal Manajemen Teknologi Volume 7 Number 2 .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 415, "width": 206, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 516, "page_height": 728, "text": "Ma'ruf, B. (2010). Analisis Daya Saing Industri Galangan Kapal dengan Menggunakan Model .", "type": "Text" } ]

afdf7119-9d87-76ea-e5c2-089abeab2097

https://www.journal.unrika.ac.id/index.php/jurnalprofisiensi/article/download/1149/904

[ { "left": 388, "top": 38, "width": 138, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROFISIENSI, Vol 5 No. 1 ;7-12 Juni 2017 ISSN Cetak: 2301-7244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 114, "top": 98, "width": 394, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANALISA STUDI KELAYAKAN PENAMBAHAN MESIN CNC DENGAN METODE PROFITABILITY INDEX (PI) DI PT. USA SEROJA JAYA SHIPYARD BATAM", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 200, "top": 151, "width": 219, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila Sely Apriliana 1 , WahyudiSutopo 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 167, "width": 451, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Program Studi Sarjana Teknik Industri, FakultasTeknik, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta Jl. Ir. Sutami, 36 A, Surakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 192, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email : [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 271, "top": 222, "width": 57, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 235, "width": 454, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artikel ini membahas mengenai perbaikan artikel Rumiyanto dkk (2015) yang berjudul “Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode NPV (Net Present Value) di PT UsdaSeroja Jaya Shipyard Batam”. Perbaikan yang dilakukan adalah menambahkan analisis sensitifitas menggunakan Profitability Index (PI). Hasil analisa kelayakan investasi pada paper sebelumnya adalahCNCESAB Columbus ErgostarExa 4000(B)dengannilaiNPV=US$40,399.05 > 0, IRR=15,67% ~ 15,95%, dan PP= 3 Tahun 9 Bulan< 10 Tahun, sedangkan mesin CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm(A) nilaiNPV= US$5,488.66 > 0, IRR= 15,75% ~ 15,25%, danPP= 4 Tahun< 5 Tahun. Kemudian dilakukan usulan perbaikan dengan menggunakan metode analisis Profitability Index (PI). Diketahui bahwa metode Profitability Index dikenal juga dengan metode Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR). Dari hasil perhitungan Profitability Index didapatkan hasil bahwa CNC Honey Bee Hyperthermadalah9,202655733 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima, sedangkanuntukCNC ESAB Columbus ErgostarExa 4000 adalah7,038200467 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua jenis mesin CNC tersebut layak untuk dilakukan investasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 363, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : CNC, Profitability Index, Investasi, BCR, Analisis Sensitivitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 413, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 426, "width": 454, "height": 138, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This article discusses the improvement of Rumiyanto et al (2015) article entitled \"Analysis of feasibility study of adding new CNC machine with NPV (Net Present Value) method at PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam\". The improvement is to add sensitivity analysis using Profitability Index (PI). The result of investment feasibility analysis in previous paper is CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 (B) with NPV value = US $ 40,399,05> 0, IRR = 15.67% ~ 15.95%, and PP = 3 Year 9 Month <10 Years, whereas CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm (A) value of NPV = US $ 5,488.66> 0, IRR = 15.75% ~ 15.25%, and PP = 4 Years <5 Years. Then the proposed improvement using the method of analysis Profitability Index (PI). It is known that Profitability Index method is also known as Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) method. From the calculation of Profitability Index, the result that CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm is 9,202655733 (> 1) indicates that machine investment is acceptable, while for ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exha 4000 is 7,038,200467 (> 1) indicating that machine investment is acceptable. So it can be concluded that both types of CNC machines are worth investing. Keywords : CNC, Profitability Index, Investment, BCR, Sensitivity Analysis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 85, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 175, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PT. Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam terletak di Sungai Pelunggut, Sagulung, Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau. PT. Usda Seroja Jaya adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang Shipyard (galangan kapal) & Shipping (Pelayaran). Keunggulan dari PT. Usdha Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam adalah perusahaan ini membangun dan mengoperasikan kapalnya sendiri. Oleh karena itu perusahaan ini sangat mengerti persis jenis kapal, aksesoris, spesifikasi teknis yang dibutuhkan untuk menjalankan kapal yang membawa produk tertentu secara efektif dan efisien. Ada dua sub divisi dibidang Shipyard yaitu New Buliding", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 593, "width": 211, "height": 111, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dan Repair. Perusahaan ini mampu memproduksi 20 unit SPOB, SPBC, Tug Boats dan Barges dalam setahun. Perusahaan ini menggunakan peralatan dan teknologi terbaru untuk memelihara dan meningkatkan kualitas kapal untuk memastikan customer dapat menggunakan kapal berkualitas terbaik untuk mengangkut kargo dengan aman dan tepat waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 707, "width": 211, "height": 61, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artikel ini merupakan perbaikan dari artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) yang berjudul Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode Net Present Value (NPV) di PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 51, "width": 327, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila, Wahyudi; Analisa Studi Kelayakan Penambahan Mesin Cnc Dengan...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 211, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Batam. Dalam artikel tersebut dilakukan analisis kelayakan investasi menggunakan metode NPV ( Net Present Value ), IRR ( Internal Rate of Return ) dan PP ( Payback Period ). Namun dari analisis pemecahan masalah pada artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) belum menggunakan metode Profitability Index (PI). Jika Profitability Index (PI) belum dipertimbangkan maka belum dapat ditentukan sejauh mana perbandingan antara nilai manfaat dengan nilai biayanya jika dilihat dari kondisi saat ini.Analisis kelayakan investasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 227, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan metode Profitability Indexdikarekana", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 239, "width": 211, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "beberapa referensi menggunakan metode tersebut, yaitu Afriyeni Endang (2012), Nely Supeni, Sari Karmila, dkk (2012), Tekat Dwi Cahyono, dkk (2012), Febri Muhammad Rahardian, dkk (2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 302, "width": 211, "height": 188, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah Afriyeni Endang(2012) dengan judul Keputusan Investasi Jangka Panjang: Capital Budgeting Secara umum dijelaskan bahwa metode NPV dan PI dipakai untuk menilai suatu usulan investasi, maka hasilnya akan selalu konsisten. Dengan kata lain., kalau NPV mengatakan usulan tersebut diterima, maka PI juga mengatakan diterima. Demikian pula sebaliknya.Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk menghitung PI harus terlebih dahulu menghitung NPV. Tetapi kalau dipergunakan untuk memilih proyek yang mutually exclusive, metode PI bisa kontradiktif dengan NPV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 492, "width": 211, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah-masalah Nely Supeni dengan judul Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Mesin Pencetak Kemasan Pada UD “Robin Jaya Sentosa” Situbondo. Menggunakan metode Profitability Index (PI) sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan PI menunjukkan hasil sebesar 2,67. Kriteria kelayakan investasi dengan metode PI adalah jika PI ≥ 1 maka proyek tersebut layak untuk dilaksanakan. Maka disimpulkan bahwa investasi mesin pencetak kemasan layak untuk dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 669, "width": 211, "height": 99, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah Sari Karmila, dkk (2012) dengan judul Analisa Pembeayaan Kerjasama Pemerintah dan Swasta pada Proyek Sidoarjo Town Square menggunakan metode Profitability Index sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan unyuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Berdasarkan perhitungan, swasta dan pemerintah akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 75, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "memperoleh tingkat keuntungan yang sepadan yaitu bila masa investasi dikurangi menjadi 12 tahun. Dimana dengan masainvestasi 12 tahun nilai PI swasta sebesar 2,77783 dengan NPV Rp.229.847.049.929,9610 sedangkan untuk pemerintah nilai PI yaitu sebesar 2,86455dengan NPV Rp.92.514.923.059,3680.Selisih tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 176, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "keuntungan antara swasta dan pemerintah tidak terlalu besar yaitu senilai 0,08672.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 201, "width": 213, "height": 314, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pemecahan masalah Cahyono (2012) dengan judul Analisis nilai kalor dan kelayakan ekonomis kayu sebagai bahanbakar subtitusi batu bara di pabrik semen menggunakan metode Profitability Index sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan unyuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Didapatkan nilai PI program bagi perusahaan adalah 3,53, sedangkan nilai PI program bagi masyarakat adalah 8,37. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa program tersebut layak dilaksanakan karena masyarakat sangat diuntungkan akibat adanya program tersebut. Pada pemecahan masalah Rahardian, dkk (2012) dengan judul Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Penambahan Mesin Frais Baru Pada CV. XYZ menggunakan metode Profitability Index sebagai salah satu metode yang digunakan unyuk menguji kelayakan investasinya. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan PI didapatakan nilai PI untuk alternatif A adalah 2,56 sedangakan alternatif B adalah 4,2. Kedua alternatif layak untuk diterapkan namun alternatif B lebih dipilih karena memiliki nilai PI yang lebih besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 530, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LANDASAN TEORI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 555, "width": 211, "height": 49, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Fahmi, dkk (2010) investasi adalah bentuk pengelolaan dana dengan tujuan memberikan keuntungan dengan cara menempatkannya pada alokasi yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 606, "width": 213, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diperkirakan dapat memberikan keuntungan tambahan. Dengan kata lain, investasi merupakan komitmen untuk mengorbankan konsumsi sekarang (sacrifice current consumption) dengan tujuan memperbesar konsumsi di masa datang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 682, "width": 211, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penentuan apakah suatu investasi dapat diterima atau ditolak dapat menggunakan beberapa metode, menurut Shim dan Siegel (1998) terdapat lima metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kelayakan dari suatu investasi, yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 758, "width": 132, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1) Metode Net Present Value", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 388, "top": 38, "width": 138, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROFISIENSI, Vol 5 No. 1 ;7-12 Juni 2017 ISSN Cetak: 2301-7244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 518, "top": 782, "width": 8, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 85, "width": 152, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2) Metode Profitability Index (3) Metode Payback Period (4) Metode Internal rate of Return (5) Metode Average of Return", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 136, "width": 211, "height": 149, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) yang berjudul Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode NPV (Net Present Value) di PT UsdaSeroja Jaya Shipyard Batam telah menggunakan metode NPV, IRR, PP dan Incremental IRR, maka dalam artikel ini dilakukan usulan perbaikan menggunakan metode Profitability Index (PI) untuk memastikan bahwa penarikan kesimpulan investasi yang dilakukan pada artikel sebelumnya telah sesuai. Berikut dijelaskan mengenai Profitability Index.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 287, "width": 211, "height": 99, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability Index (PI) adalah sebuah metode pendekatan yang hampir sama dengan NPV. Jika NPV menghitung berapa rupiah kelebihan present value cash inflow di atas present value initial investment , sedangkan PI mengukur present value untuk setiap rupiah yang diinvestasikan. PI menghitung perbandingan antara nilai arus kas bersih yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 85, "width": 211, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "akan datang dengan nilai investasi sekarang. Keuntungan dari metode Profitability Index (PI) adalah metode ini sudah mempertimbangkan cash flow dan time value of money. Secara umum Profitability Index dan Net Pressent Value ketika digunakan untuk menilai kelayakan suatu investasi maka hasilnya akan konsisten. Apabila NPV menyatakan bahwa usulan investasi layak maka PI begitu pula dengan PI. Namun metode PI digunakan setelah metode NPV.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 348, "top": 234, "width": 113, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = PV of Future Cash Flows", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 394, "top": 240, "width": 100, "height": 15, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Initial Cost (1)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 269, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jika nilai Profitability Index (PI) lebih besar dari 1 (>1) maka usulan investasi diterima, namun apabila nilai Profitability Index (<1) maka usulan investasi ditolak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 332, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 315, "top": 345, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian dapat dilihat pada gambar berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 709, "width": 164, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Metodologi Penelitian", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 100, "top": 737, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sedangkan kritik atas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 737, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) dilakukan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 737, "width": 211, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "melakukan evaluasi mengenai artikel Ruminyanto,dkk (2015) mengenai analisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 51, "width": 327, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila, Wahyudi; Analisa Studi Kelayakan Penambahan Mesin Cnc Dengan...", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kelayakan penggunaaan mesin CNC", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 87, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "menggunakan metode NPV,PP,IRR, dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 100, "width": 210, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Incremental IRR. Kemudian dilakukan analisis mengenai hasil dari perhitungan metode tersebut untuk menguji kelayakan investasi mesin CNC. Selanjutnya adalah diberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 75, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "rekomendasi metode Profitability Index untuk memperkuat dasar pengambilan keputusan dalam investasi mesin CNC di PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 125, "width": 3, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 159, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 186, "width": 454, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berikut merupakan hasil perbandingan antara artikel Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) dengan usulan yang diberikan beserta hasil dari perhitungan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 224, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Tabel perbandingan artikel Rumiyanto dkk (2015) dengan artikel usulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 237, "width": 450, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumiyanto,dkk (2015) Usulan Belumada perhitungan Profitability Index Ada usulan Profitability Index dengan dasar, menurut Shim dan Siegel (1998:202) terdapat lima metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan kelayakan dari suatu investasi, yaitu : (1) Metode Net Present Value (2) Metode Profitability Index (3) Metode Payback Period (4) Metode Internal rate of Return", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 351, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(5) Metode Average of Return", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 364, "width": 236, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karena metode Profitability Index belum digunakan maka diusulkan penggunaan metode tersebut untuk menguji kelayakan investasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 402, "width": 449, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak ada nilai Profitability Index Hasil perhitungan PI untuk CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm adalah 9,202655733. Hasil perhitungan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 428, "width": 239, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI untuk CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 adalah7,038200467", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 454, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Akibat dari belum ditentukannya nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 466, "width": 205, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability Index adalah belum dapat ditentukan sejauh mana perbandingan antara nilai manfaat dengan nilai biayanya jika dilihat darikondisisaatini.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 290, "top": 454, "width": 236, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan PI untuk CNC Honey Bee ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 479, "width": 236, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan PI untuk CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 adalah( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 543, "width": 211, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cash flow dapat memberikan informasi mengenai jumlah kas yang diperlukandalam memulai suatu usaha, perencanaan investasi, dan menjamin kesesuaian kasuntuk ketersediaan kas terhadap pengeluaran- pengeluaran yang akan terjadidimasa datang. Perusahaan dalam merencanakan kebutuhan dana diperoleh darikredit bank untuk tingkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 543, "width": 211, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "bunga pinjaman berdasarkan Standar Sertifikat Bank Indonesia(SBI) yaitu 15%.Biaya ini biasanya dikeluarkan secara rutin atau periodik waktu tertentu dalamjumlah yang relatif sama atau sesuai dengan jadwal kegiatan atau produksi. Biaya-biayatersebut antara lain pada tabel berikut ini :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 644, "width": 176, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Proyeksi Cash flow Tahun2013", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 388, "top": 38, "width": 138, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PROFISIENSI, Vol 5 No. 1 ;7-12 Juni 2017 ISSN Cetak: 2301-7244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 123, "width": 453, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability Index (PI) Teknik Profitability Index diperhitungan dengan rumus 2.14 sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 145, "width": 114, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = PV of Future Cash Flows Initial Cost", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 180, "width": 235, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Profitability Index CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 190, "width": 139, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = $ 690.199,18 $ 75.000,00 = 9,202655733", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 214, "width": 291, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Profitability Index CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 449, "height": 99, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PI = $1.055.730,07 $150.000,00 = 7,038200467 Tabel 3 Perhitungan Profitability Index Nama Mesin Cash Inflow Nilai Investasi Profitability Index CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm $ 690.199,18 $ 75.000,00 9,202655733 CNC ESAB Columbus Ergostar Exa 4000 $1.055.730,07 $150.000,00 7,038200467", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 337, "width": 211, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil perhitungan PI untukCNC Honey Bee Hypertherm adalah 9,202655733 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima. Hasil perhitungan PI untukCNC ESAB", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 388, "width": 213, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Columbus ErgostarExa4000 adalah7,038200467 ( >1) menunjukkan bahwa investasi mesin dapat diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 439, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 211, "height": 137, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan perhitungan Profitability Index (PI) didapatkan hasil bahwa perusahaan dapat menerima usulan investasi kedua mesin CNC tersebut karena nilai Profitability Index (PI) keduanya lebih dari 1 sehingga usulan tersebut layak untuk diterapakan. Karena nilai Profitability Index CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm lebih besar dari CNC ESAB Columbus ErgostarExa 4000 maka menurut metode PI alternatif yang lebih layak dipilih adalah CNC Honey Bee Hypertherm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 603, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 616, "width": 211, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Afriyeni Endang. 2012. Keputusan Investasi Jangka Panjang : Capital Budgeting”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 641, "width": 125, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Polibisnis, Volume 4 No. 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 654, "width": 211, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cahyosatrio, Dwi Adi. 2014. Analisis Capital Budgeting Sebagai Salah Satu Metode untuk Menilai Kelayakan Investasi Aktiva Tetap Mesin Dan Kendaraan ( Studi Kasus Pada Perusahaan Malang Indah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 717, "width": 211, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis (JAB) Vol. 9 No. 1 Febri Muhammad Rahardian, Ereika Arie Agassi, Wahyudi Sutopo.(2012). Analisis", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 337, "width": 189, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kelayakan Investasi Penambahan Mesin Frais Baru Pada CV. XYZ . Jurnal Teknik Undip Vol. VII no 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 375, "width": 210, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gosal, Michael. 2012. Cara mudah menilai investasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 401, "width": 211, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://easylearn2010.blogspot.co.id/2011/ 10/profitability-index-pi.html. Diakses pada 2 Juni 2017. NelySupeni,IstiFadah, Elok Sri Utami. Analisis Kelayakan Investasi Mesin", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 464, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pencetak Kemasan Pada Ud “Robin Jaya", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 474, "width": 183, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sentosa” Situbondo . Universitas Jember.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 489, "width": 233, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profitability index.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 337, "top": 502, "width": 184, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/pro fitability.asp. Diakses pada 10 Juni 2017.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 315, "top": 527, "width": 151, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rumiyanto,Hery Irwan,Annisa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 479, "top": 527, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Purbasari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 540, "width": 189, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(2015). Analisa studi kelayakan penambahan mesin CNC baru dengan metode NPV (Net Present Value) di PT Usda Seroja Jaya Shipyard Batam .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 337, "top": 590, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Profisiensi, 3(2) hal 151-159", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 603, "width": 210, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sari Karmila, Cristiono Utomo. (2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 337, "top": 616, "width": 189, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisa Pembeayaan Kerjasama", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 628, "width": 211, "height": 124, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemerintah dan Swasta pada Proyek Sidoarjo Town Square Jurnal Teknik ITS Vol. 1, No. 1 Sullivan, William G., Wicks, Elin M., Koelling, C. Patrick., (2014) Engineering Economy Sixteenth Edition Tekat Dwi Cahyono, Zahrial Coto, Fauzi Febrianto.(2012). Analisis nilai kalor dan kelayakan ekonomis kayu sebagai bahan bakar subtitusi batu bara di pabrik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 51, "width": 327, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Frisheila, Wahyudi; Analisa Studi Kelayakan Penambahan Mesin Cnc Dengan...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 513, "top": 782, "width": 13, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 75, "width": 190, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "semen . Frorum Pascasarjana Volume 31 No 2.", "type": "Text" } ]

70d98f9d-9dc5-083f-cb33-5a2ca9fbf78b

https://journal.lembagakita.org/emt/article/download/1671/1178

[ { "left": 249, "top": 791, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1233 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 113, "top": 77, "width": 77, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 104, "width": 85, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknologi (EMT)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 117, "width": 134, "height": 5, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal for the Economics, Management and Technology .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 313, "top": 80, "width": 173, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi, 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244 Available online at http://journal.lembagakita.org", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 150, "width": 434, "height": 62, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 230, "width": 378, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto 1* , Diah Fatma Sjoraida 2 , Naufal Haidar Ahmada 3 , Devi Andriyani 4 1* Program Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Proklamasi 45-Yogyakarta,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 270, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 283, "width": 339, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Program Studi Hubungan Masyarakat, Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 309, "width": 377, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Fakultas Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Institut Teknologi dan Bisnis Muhammadiyah Purbalingga, Kabupaten Purbalingga, Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 93, "top": 335, "width": 359, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Program Studi Ekonomi Pembangunan, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Universitas Malikussaleh, Kabupaten Aceh Utara, Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 386, "width": 458, "height": 139, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak. Penelitian ini menginvestigasi faktor-faktor yang membentuk tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan di industri jasa kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. Fokus utama adalah menganalisis pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada sejumlah perusahaan jasa kelistrikan di daerah-daerah yang disebutkan, dengan melibatkan 150 responden. Hasil analisis secara keseluruhan menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang diteliti memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap produk dalam industri jasa kelistrikan tersebut. Ini disokong oleh nilai Fhitung yang melebihi FTabel pada tingkat signifikansi 5%. Lebih lanjut, hasil uji-t secara parsial menegaskan bahwa pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan secara signifikan memengaruhi tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap perusahaan jasa kelistrikan. Citra perusahaan muncul sebagai faktor paling dominan yang mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan. Oleh karena itu, penting bagi pihak-pihak terkait dalam industri jasa kelistrikan di daerah tersebut untuk mempertahankan dan meningkatkan citra perusahaan sebagai upaya untuk menjaga kesetiaan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 539, "width": 235, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci: Pelayanan; Nilai Pelanggan; Citra Perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 563, "width": 458, "height": 114, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract. This study investigates the factors that shape customer loyalty in the electricity service sector in Yogyakarta Special Region, West Java, Central Java, and Aceh provinces. The main objective is to analyze the influence of service quality, customer value and company image on customer loyalty. This study was conducted among several electric service companies in the mentioned areas, with 150 respondents. The overall analysis results show that all research variables have a significant impact on the level of customer loyalty to products in the electrical service sector. This is supported by the Fcount value exceeding FTable at the 5% significance level. Additionally, the T-test results partially confirm that service, customer value, and company image significantly influence customer loyalty to electric service companies. Company image seems to be the most decisive factor in customer loyalty. Therefore, it is important for stakeholders in the electrical services sector in the region to maintain and improve their corporate image with the aim of building customer loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 47, "top": 691, "width": 212, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Service; Customer Value; Company Image.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 717, "width": 407, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Author. Email: [email protected] 1* , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3 , [email protected] 4 .", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 47, "top": 742, "width": 394, "height": 36, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.35870/emt.v7i4.1671 Received: 18 September 2023, Revision: 27 September 2023, Accepted: 30 September 2023, Available Online : 20 October 2023. Print ISSN: 2579-7972; Online ISSN: 2549-6204. Copyright @ 2023. Published by Lembaga Otonom Lembaga Informasi dan Riset Indonesia (KITA INFO dan RISET).", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 52, "top": 24, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 791, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1234 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 65, "width": 82, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 94, "width": 221, "height": 244, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan dalam industri kelistrikan, seperti yang diperwakili oleh PT Perusahaan Listrik Negara, merupakan unsur kritis yang memiliki dampak signifikan pada hubungan pelanggan dan kesuksesan perusahaan. Pelayanan ini dapat dipandang melalui dua dimensi utama: technical quality (kualitas teknis) dan functional quality (kualitas fungsional). Technical quality berkaitan dengan kemampuan infrastruktur, pengetahuan karyawan dalam menyediakan jasa, dan aspek- aspek teknis lainnya yang memengaruhi pengalaman pelanggan. Di sisi lain, functional quality menyoroti kemudahan pelanggan dalam mengakses layanan, tampilan fisik kantor, hubungan jangka panjang dengan pelanggan, dinamika internal perusahaan, serta sikap dan perilaku pemberi layanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 351, "width": 221, "height": 230, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam era globalisasi dan persaingan bisnis yang semakin ketat, baik di pasar domestik maupun internasional, perhatian terhadap kualitas pelayanan semakin mendesak. Pandangan dan perilaku pelanggan yang terus berubah, bersama dengan kemajuan teknologi, mendorong organisasi untuk mengadopsi orientasi pelanggan yang kuat. Kesadaran ini menegaskan bahwa mempertahankan pelanggan dan membangun loyalitas mereka lebih penting daripada sekadar mencari laba. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan harus mampu memberikan kepuasan pelanggan melalui produk unggulan, harga yang kompetitif, pengiriman yang efisien, dan pelayanan yang berkualitas, melampaui apa yang ditawarkan oleh pesaing.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 594, "width": 220, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas pelanggan menjadi tujuan utama bagi pemasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 607, "width": 220, "height": 41, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Loyalitas pelanggan dapat didefinisikan sebagai tingkat kesetiaan dan keinginan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 50, "top": 634, "width": 221, "height": 149, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "pelanggan untuk terus menggunakan produk atau layanan dari suatu merek atau perusahaan. Loyalitas pelanggan memiliki implikasi yang signifikan, termasuk retensi pelanggan, peningkatan pangsa pasar, dan peningkatan keuntungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan di industri jasa kelistrikan, khususnya di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 61, "width": 223, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS), industri peralatan listrik di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mencatatkan periode 7 tahun (2011-2013), sementara Provinsi Jawa Barat mencapai 133 tahun (2010-2014), Jawa Tengah 7 tahun (2015-2016), dan Aceh 4 tahun (2013), dengan jumlah pelanggan mencapai rata-rata ratusan hingga ribuan. Selain itu, Penjualan Tenaga Listrik PLN per sektor pelanggan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 381, "top": 182, "width": 134, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "berdasarkan Statistik", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 196, "width": 223, "height": 81, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ketenagalistrikan tahun 2020, mencatatkan bahwa pelanggan Residential mencapai 72.606.681 dan Industri 130.722. Jika diuraikan lebih lanjut, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta mencapai 1.083.074, Provinsi Jawa Barat mencapai 20.362.310.292", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 263, "width": 223, "height": 82, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "pelanggan Residential dan Industri 21.427.962.805, Jawa Tengah mencapai 14.259.577.017 pelanggan Residential dan Industri 7.837.419.848, dan Aceh mencapai 1.868.279.791 pelanggan Residential dan Industri 172.014.547.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 358, "width": 223, "height": 230, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peneliti akan fokus pada pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan terhadap tingkat kesetiaan pelanggan dalam industri ini. Penelitian akan melibatkan perusahaan jasa kelistrikan (PT. PLN) di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, dengan 150 responden sebagai sampel. Hasil analisis data akan memberikan pemahaman tentang pengaruh faktor-faktor terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini akan membantu perusahaan jasa kelistrikan untuk memahami bagaimana mereka dapat mempertahankan dan meningkatkan loyalitas pelanggan mereka dengan memperkuat kualitas pelayanan, nilai yang ditawarkan, dan citra perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 614, "width": 113, "height": 16, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tinjauan Literatur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 644, "width": 227, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengukuran kualitas layanan adalah aspek kunci dalam bisnis yang menuntut perhatian serius. Salah satu alat ukur yang sering digunakan dalam mengembangkan pengukuran kualitas layanan adalah SERVQUAL ( Service Quality ), yang dikembangkan oleh Parasuraman, Zeithaml, dan Berry (2013). Konsep SERVQUAL membantu dalam mengevaluasi kualitas jasa atau pelayanan dengan membandingkan harapan pelanggan dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 793, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1235 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "persepsi pelayanan yang mereka terima, menciptakan apa yang disebut sebagai Gap Analysis. Dalam konsep SERVQUAL, konsumen membandingkan antara pelayanan yang mereka harapkan dengan persepsi atas pelayanan yang mereka terima, menciptakan Gap Analysis yang merupakan dasar dari alat ukur ini. Dalam SERVQUAL, para peneliti mengidentifikasi lima dimensi kunci yang berkaitan dengan kualitas layanan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 212, "width": 222, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Keandalan ( Reliability ): Dimensi ini menekankan kemampuan pemberi layanan untuk memberikan pelayanan sesuai dengan janji, dengan kecepatan, akurasi, dan konsistensi yang tinggi. Pelanggan mengharapkan layanan yang dapat diandalkan tanpa adanya ketidakpastian atau keraguan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 320, "width": 222, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Daya Tanggap ( Responsiveness ): Kecepatan dan kemauan staf untuk membantu pelanggan, memberikan pelayanan dengan responsif, dan merespons permintaan pelanggan dengan cepat adalah faktor- faktor yang menjadi fokus dalam dimensi ini. Pelanggan ingin merasa didengar dan dilayani dengan cepat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 428, "width": 221, "height": 28, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Jaminan ( Assurance ): Dimensi jaminan mencakup aspek", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 210, "top": 442, "width": 65, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengetahuan,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 455, "width": 203, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "keterampilan, kesopanan, dan sifat yang dapat dipercaya yang dimiliki oleh staf. Pelanggan ingin merasa aman dan percaya bahwa pelayanan yang mereka terima akan memenuhi harapan mereka.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 523, "width": 222, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Empati ( Empathy ): Dimensi ini melibatkan kemudahan dalam berkomunikasi,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 550, "width": 203, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "perhatian personal, dan kemampuan staf untuk memahami dan merespons kebutuhan pelanggan. Pelanggan ingin merasa diperlakukan secara individual dan dipahami.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 617, "width": 222, "height": 82, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "5) Bukti Fisik ( Tangibles ): Faktor-faktor fisik seperti fasilitas, perlengkapan, penampilan staf, dan sarana komunikasi menjadi fokus dalam dimensi ini. Bukti fisik harus mencerminkan kualitas layanan yang diharapkan oleh pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 712, "width": 225, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kepuasan Pelanggan Kata \"kepuasan\" ( satisfaction ) berasal dari bahasa Latin, yaitu \" satis \" yang berarti \"cukup baik\" atau \"memadai,\" serta \" facto \" yang berarti \"melakukan atau membuat.\" Dalam konteks", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 406, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang lebih luas, kepuasan dapat diartikan sebagai usaha untuk memenuhi suatu keadaan hingga mencapai tingkat yang memadai. Kepuasan merujuk pada perasaan senang atau kecewa yang muncul pada seseorang setelah ia membandingkan kinerja atau hasil produk yang diterimanya dengan harapannya (Phillips & Baumgartner, 2002). Ketika kinerja berada di bawah harapan, pelanggan akan merasa tidak puas. Jika kinerja memenuhi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa puas. Dan ketika kinerja melebihi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa sangat puas bahkan senang. Supranto (2006) menjelaskan bahwa kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan pelanggan adalah hasil dari perbandingan antara harapan pelanggan dan kinerja yang dirasakannya. Kepuasan pelanggan tercapai ketika kinerja suatu produk setidaknya setara dengan harapan pelanggan. Kepuasan adalah tingkat perasaan seseorang setelah membandingkan kinerja yang dirasakannya dengan harapan yang dimilikinya (Phuong & Vinh, 2021; Krampf, Ueltschy, & d'Amico, 2003). Tingkat kepuasan ini tergantung pada perbedaan antara kinerja yang dirasakan dan harapan. Apabila kinerja berada di bawah harapan, pelanggan akan merasa kecewa. Jika kinerja memenuhi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa puas. Sedangkan jika kinerja melebihi harapan, pelanggan akan merasa sangat puas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 496, "width": 227, "height": 284, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Shokouhyar, Shokoohyar, & Safari (2020), beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi kepuasan pelanggan meliputi mutu produk dan pelayanan, kegiatan penjualan, pelayanan pasca- penjualan, dan nilai-nilai perusahaan. Tercapainya kepuasan pelanggan membawa beragam manfaat, termasuk membangun hubungan harmonis antara perusahaan dan pelanggan, memberikan dasar yang kuat untuk pembelian ulang, mendorong kesetiaan pelanggan, serta menghasilkan rekomendasi positif melalui word-of-mouth yang menguntungkan bagi perusahaan (Woro & Naili, 2013; Noranee, dkk ., 2021). Untuk mengukur kepuasan pelanggan, Kotler (2007) mengidentifikasi empat metode yang digunakan oleh perusahaan, yaitu sistem keluhan dan saran, survei kepuasan pelanggan, belanja siluman, dan analisis pelanggan yang hilang. Pengukuran kepuasan pelanggan melibatkan tiga faktor kunci, yaitu pemilihan ukuran kinerja", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1236 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang sesuai, penerapan proses pengukuran yang bersifat normatif, dan penggunaan instrumen serta teknik pengukuran yang tepat guna menciptakan indikator yang valid.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 145, "width": 111, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesetiaan Konsumen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 158, "width": 225, "height": 364, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesetiaan konsumen dapat diartikan sebagai komitmen seseorang terhadap suatu produk, baik barang maupun jasa, dan merupakan hasil dari pengalaman serta kepuasan yang telah diberikan oleh perusahaan (Rizal, 2019). Kesetiaan ini mencerminkan bukti bahwa konsumen selalu memilih untuk menjadi pelanggan yang setia, menguatkan hubungan positif mereka dengan perusahaan. Istilah \"kesetiaan\" ini sering kali dihubungkan dengan \"loyalty\" dalam bahasa Inggris, yang mengacu pada pentingnya kepercayaan dan komitmen dalam konteks pemasaran produk atau jasa. Terdapat dua istilah yang hampir serupa, yakni kesetiaan merek dan kesetiaan pelanggan, sehingga seringkali disebut sebagai kesetiaan merek (Rosadin & Gulo, 2023; Muhamad & Manik, 2023). Arslan (2020) menjelaskan bahwa kesetiaan pelanggan selalu menjadi tujuan jangka panjang dalam perencanaan strategis pasar. Sementara itu, Gultom, Arif, & Fahmi (2020) mengemukakan bahwa kesetiaan pelanggan adalah komitmen pelanggan terhadap suatu merek, toko, atau pemasok, yang tercermin dalam pembelian ulang yang konsisten dan didasari oleh sikap yang sangat positif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 536, "width": 90, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Citra Perusahaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 550, "width": 225, "height": 230, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Gunawan (2022), citra dapat didefinisikan sebagai kumpulan keyakinan, ide, dan kesan yang dimiliki oleh seseorang terhadap suatu objek. Sebaliknya, menurut Johnson dan Zinkhan (2014), citra merupakan persepsi keseluruhan terhadap suatu objek yang terbentuk melalui pengolahan informasi dari berbagai sumber secara berkesinambungan. Di sisi lain, pandangan Siregar (2022) tentang citra adalah kesan yang muncul sebagai hasil pemahaman akan suatu realitas (Aditya, 2023). Citra mencerminkan kesan subjektif terhadap suatu objek yang terbentuk melalui proses pengumpulan informasi dari berbagai sumber yang dapat dipercayai, dan seringkali bersifat dinamis karena terus berkembang seiring waktu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 106, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerangka Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 91, "width": 227, "height": 270, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kerangka penelitian ini didasarkan pada pandangan Pena (2018), yang mengadopsi konsep Parasuraman, Zeithaml, dan Berry (2006) terkait kualitas layanan. Selain itu, kerangka penelitian ini juga merujuk pada teori nilai pelanggan yang dikembangkan oleh Kotler & Pfoertsch (2007) untuk menggambarkan aspek nilai yang diberikan kepada pelanggan. Selanjutnya, kerangka penelitian ini mencakup konsep citra perusahaan yang disusun berdasarkan pandangan Dlačić & Žabkar (2012), yang menggambarkan persepsi dan kesan pelanggan terhadap perusahaan. Terakhir, kerangka penelitian ini berdasarkan pandangan Putri (2015) tentang kesetiaan pelanggan sebagai hasil dari hubungan antara kualitas layanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan. Gambaran lebih detail mengenai kerangka penelitian ini dapat ditemukan pada gambar yang disajikan dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 435, "width": 151, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Pemikiran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 462, "width": 52, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 476, "width": 227, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang masalah dan tujuan penelitian, maka hipotesis dalam penelitian ini dapat diturunkan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 516, "width": 227, "height": 68, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "HI : Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan darn pelayanarn terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 584, "width": 227, "height": 176, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tengah, dan Aceh H2 : Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dan nilai pelanggan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh H3 : Terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dan citra perusahaan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 793, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1237 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 135, "height": 16, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metodologi Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 105, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peralatan Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 132, "width": 197, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y=α + β 1 x β 2 +β 2 x 2 +β 3 x β 3 +e Dimana: Y = Kesetiaan Pelanggan a = Konstanta β 1 –β 3 = Koefisien regresi xl - x3 x 1 = Pelayanan x 2 = Nilai Pelanggan x 3 = Citra Perusahaan e = error", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 267, "width": 225, "height": 256, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk menguji signifikansi pengaruh masing- masing variabel, yaitu pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, dapat dilakukan dengan uji-t dan uji F. Perhitungan nilai dan signifikansi dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak statistik seperti program SPSS. Jika nilai signifikansi (p-value) dari kedua uji tersebut lebih kecil daripada tingkat signifikansi yang ditentukan, misalnya 5%, maka kedua variabel tersebut dapat dianggap signifikan. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya pengaruh yang nyata antara variabel independen (pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan) terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di daerah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 537, "width": 110, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Operasional Variabel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 551, "width": 224, "height": 81, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "ariabel yang dioperasionalkan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari satu variabel terikat (dependent), yaitu Kesetiaan Pelanggan (Y), dan tiga variabel bebas (independent), yaitu Kinerja Pelayanan (X1), Nilai Pelanggan (X2), dan Citra Perusahaan (X3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 645, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengujian Hipotesis Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=5%) artinya variabel- variabel yang diuji tersebut diberi korelesi kesalahan maksimum 5%. Pengujian ini didasarkan pada perbandingan nilai t- hitung dengan t- tabel. . Jika t- hitung > dari t-tabel maka keputusannya adalah menerima hipotesis alternatif (Ha) dan menolak hipotesa null (Ho) dan sebaliknya jika t- hitung < dari t- tabel maka", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 230, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "keputusannya adalah menolak hipotesa alternatif (Ha) dan menerima hipotesis null (Ho) dengan tingkat kesalahan (α) 5%. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini adalah diduga bahwa nilai bagi pelanggan dan biaya dari pelanggan merupakan faktor yang dapat memberikan kepuasan kepada pelanggannya. Untuk menguji hipotesis dalarn pengujian ini, penulis menggunakan uji F(f tes ) dan uji T(t tes ) yaitu dengan membandingkan antara signifikasi F- hitung dengan F- tabel dan signifikansi t- hitung dengan t- tabel . Jika nilai t- hitung > t- tabel dengan tingkat signifikansi α 5% maka menerima Ha dan menolak H o . Jika nilai t- hitung < t- tabel dengan tingkat signifikansi α 5% maka menolak H a dan menerima H o .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 320, "width": 227, "height": 202, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "H° 1 : Tidak ada pengaruh kinerja pelayanan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh Haj : Ada pengaruh kinerja pelayanan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh Ho2 : Tidak ada pengaruh nilai pelanggan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 523, "width": 227, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ha2 : Ada pengaruh nilai pelanggan terhadap variabel kesetiaan pelanggan pada Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. HO : Tidak ada pengaruh citra perusahaan terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 658, "width": 227, "height": 68, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "HO : Ada pengaruh citra perusahaan terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1238 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 138, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 106, "width": 224, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil uji validitas menunjukkan bahwa seluruh pernyataan dalam instrumen penelitian telah dinyatakan valid, dengan koefisien korelasi yang signifikan dan nilai kritis di bawah 5%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 82, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reliabilitas variabel penelitian juga menunjukkan tingkat keandalan yang tinggi, dengan nilai alfa di atas 0,6 untuk semua variabel, menunjukkan bahwa instrumen penelitian memiliki konsistensi yang baik dalam mengukur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 145, "width": 470, "height": 633, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "konstruk yang diuji. Hasil Uji Validitas Tabel 1. Hasil Uji Validitas No. Pernyataan Variabel Koefisien Korelasi Nilai Kritis 5 % N=150) Ket 1. A1 0.537 0.159 Valid 2. A2 0.664 0.159 Valid 3. A3 X1 0,712 0.159 Valid 4. A4 (Pelayanan) 0.606 0.159 Valid 5. A5 0.516 0.159 Valid 6. B 1 0.607 0.159 Valid 7. B2 0.675 0.159 Valid 8. B3 x2 0.710 0.159 Valid 9. B4 (Nilai Pelanggan) (Nilai 0.640 0.159 Valid 10. B5 0.470 0.159 Valid 11. C 1 0.527 0.159 Valid 12. C2 x3 0.622 0.159 Valid 13. C3 (Citra Perusahaan) (Citra 0.693 0.159 Valid 14. C4 0.318 0.159 Valid 15. C5 0.382 0.159 Valid 16. D 1 0.742 0.159 Valid 17. D2 Y 0.778 0.159 Valid 18. D3 (Kesetiaan 0.632 0.159 Valid 19. D4 Pelanggan) 0.637 0.159 Valid 20. D5 0.313 0.159 Valid Sumber: Data Primer 2023, (diolah). Tabel 2. Hasil Reliabilitas Variabel Penelitian (Alpha) No Variabel Rata- rata Item Variabel Nilai Alpha Ket 1 Pelavanan (x 1) 4.183 5 0.670 Handal 2 Nilai Pelanggan (x2) 4.208 5 0.602 Handal 3 Citra Perusahaan (x3) 4.211 5 0.675 Handal 4 Kesetiaan Pelanggan (Y) 4.008 5 0.611 Handal Sumber: Data Primer 2023 (diolah) Tabel 3. Hasil Atribut Pelayanan No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1. Produk yang ditawarkan oleh Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di 0 0o 0 0.0 32 21.3 67 44 7 51 34.0 413", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 256, "top": 793, "width": 261, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1239 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 78, "width": 470, "height": 608, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sangat handal dan Berkualitas 0 2. Pihak PT.PLN selalu tanggab Terhadap setiap keluhan yang disampaikan oleh pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 32 21.3 58 38.7 60 40.0 4.19 3. Pihak PT.PLN Meyakinkan konsumen akan keunggulan dari produk yang ditawarkan 0 0.0 0 0.0 30 200 71 47.3 40 32.7 4.13 4. Pihak PT.PLN selalu peduli terhadap pelanggan tanpa membedakan status dari pelanggan 0 0 0 0 0.0 34 22 7 53 35.3 63 42.0 419 5. Pihak PT.PLN selalu dapat memberikan bukti tentang kualitas produk yang ditawarkan. 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 17.3 56 37.3 68 45.3 4.28 Rerata 4.18 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah). Tabel 4. Hasil Nilai Pelanggan No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1 Dava tahan dari kualitas PT.PLN tahan latna 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 18.0 66 440 57 38.0 420 2. Kesigapan pihak PT.PLN dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 29 19.3 60 40.0 61 407 421 3. Perusahaan mampu membina Inibungan secara baik dengan setiap pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 17.3 68 45.3 56 37.3 4.20 4. Harga beli yang ditawarkan pihakPT.PLN sesuai dengan kemampuan Masyarakat 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 18.0 51 34.0 72 48 0 430 5. Pihak PT.PLN selalu memberikan pilihan Daya Listrik kepada pelanggan setianya ~ 0 0.0 0 0.0 30 20.0 71 47.3 49 32 7 4 13 Rerata 4.20 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1240 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 211, "top": 77, "width": 147, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Citra Perusahaan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 91, "width": 470, "height": 688, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1. PT.PLN selalu berkomitnten dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kepada setiap pelanggan 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 18.0 64 42.7 59 39.3 421 2. PT.PLN akan selalu mempertahankan merek mereka yang sudah terkenal 0 0.0 0 0.0 28 18.7 60 40 0 62 41 3 4.23 3. PT.PLN akar selalu menjaga reputasi perusahaan dari para pesaingnya 0 0.0 0 0.0 26 17 3 66 44 0 58 38 7 4.21 4. PT.PLN akan selalu berusaha mempertahankan pangsa pasar yang ada dan akan memperluasnya 0 0.0 0 0.0 29 193 19.3 40.0 61 40.7 4.21 5. PLN merupakan salah satu pemimpin pasar dalam bidang telekomunikasi GSM 0 0.0 0 0.0 32 21.3 58 38.7 60 40.0 4.19 Rarata 4.21 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah). Tabel 6. Hasil Kesetiaan Pelanggan No Variabel Sgt tdk Puas Tdk Puas Netral Puas Sgt Puas Rata- Rata Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % Fr % 1 Konsumen selalu menggunakan Jasa Listrik PT. PLN 0 0.0 5 3.3 25 16.7 78 52.0 42 28.0 4.05 2. PT. PLN merupakan merek yang selalu melekat dalam ingatan konsumen 3 2.0 8 5 3 15 10.0 83 54 7 42 28.0 401 3. Konsumen selalu mempunyai komitmen yang tinggi terhadap perusahaan 2 1.3 2 1.3 22 14.7 76 50.7 2 1.3 4.11 4. Meskipun terjadi perubahan harga, konsunen tetap akan setia terhadap Perusahaan PT.PLN (persero) 0 0 0 16 107 50 33 3 54 36.0 30 20.0 3.65 5. Perang harga antar sesama Peruhaan jasa membuat saya tetap setia terhadap Perusahaan PT.PLN (Persero) 0 0.0 0 0.0 27 18.0 63 42.0 60 40.0 4.22 Rerata 4.00 Sumber : Data Primer, 2023 (diolah).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 164, "top": 36, "width": 240, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi (EMT), 7(4), 2023, 1233-1244", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 257, "top": 793, "width": 260, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1241 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 225, "height": 352, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, ketika responden diminta untuk menilai atribut pelayanan, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas responden memberikan penilaian positif terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. Mereka mengakui kehandalan produk yang ditawarkan, responsifnya pihak perusahaan terhadap keluhan pelanggan, keyakinan mereka terhadap keunggulan produk, perhatian yang diberikan kepada pelanggan tanpa membedakan status, dan kemampuan perusahaan untuk memberikan bukti kualitas produk. Sementara itu, penilaian terhadap nilai pelanggan menunjukkan bahwa responden cenderung puas dengan kualitas produk dan layanan yang diberikan oleh Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan. Mereka menyoroti kesigapan perusahaan dalam memberikan pelayanan, kemampuan perusahaan dalam menjaga hubungan baik dengan pelanggan, kesesuaian harga produk dengan kemampuan masyarakat, serta kemampuan perusahaan dalam memberikan pilihan daya listrik kepada pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 442, "width": 225, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam hal citra perusahaan, hasil penilaian menunjukkan bahwa responden umumnya memiliki pandangan positif terhadap komitmen perusahaan dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kepada pelanggan, upaya perusahaan dalam mempertahankan merek yang sudah terkenal, upaya perusahaan dalam menjaga reputasi dari pesaing, serta usaha perusahaan untuk mempertahankan dan memperluas pangsa pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 590, "width": 225, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Di sisi kesetiaan pelanggan, mayoritas responden menunjukkan bahwa mereka memiliki tingkat kesetiaan yang tinggi terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan. Mereka secara konsisten menggunakan jasa listrik dari perusahaan, menyatakan bahwa merek perusahaan melekat dalam ingatan mereka, dan menunjukkan komitmen tinggi terhadap perusahaan meskipun terjadi perubahan harga atau persaingan antar perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 739, "width": 225, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan Dalam upaya meningkatkan kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, maka perlu diketahui pengaruh variabei bebas yaitu pelayanan (xl), nilai pelanggan (x2), citra perusahaan (x3), terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh (Y). Pengaruh masing-masing variabel bebas dapat dilihat pada tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 226, "width": 225, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Pengaruh Masing-Masing Variabel Bebas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 239, "width": 226, "height": 161, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Terhadap Variabel Terikat Nama Variabel B Standar Error t hiitung T tabel sig Konstanta (a) 2.23 5 0.107 20.871 1.976 0.000 pengaruh Pelayanan (xl) 0.161 0.020 8.223 1.976 0.000 Nilai pelanggan (x2) 0.118 0.023 5.164 1.976 0.000 Citra perusahaan (x3) 0.165 0.020 8.135 1.976 0.000", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 400, "width": 131, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber: Data Primer, 2023 (diolah).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 425, "width": 227, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari persamaan regresi di atas dapat diketahui hasil penelitian diperoleh persamaan regresi berganda sebagai berikut. Y=2.235 + 0.161x 2 + 0.165x 3 Koefisien Regresi (β):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 479, "width": 224, "height": 176, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Konstanta sebesar 2.235. Artinya jika faktor-faktor pengaruh pelayanan (xl), nilai pelanggan (x2) dan citra perusahaan (x3), dianggap konstan, maka besarnya kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh adalah sebesar 2.235 pada satuan skala likert atau kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh masih dikatakan rendah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 296, "top": 655, "width": 223, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Koefisien regresi pengaruh Pelayanan (xl) sebesar 0.161. Artinya bahwa setiap I satuan perubahan (perbaikan, karena tanda +) dalam variabel pengaruh Pelayanan, maka secara relatif akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sebesar 16.1%, dengan demikian semakin tinggi pengaruh Pelayanan akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1242 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 77, "width": 204, "height": 55, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "semakin mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 53, "top": 131, "width": 222, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Koefisien regresi Niat pelanggan (x2) sebesar 0.118. Artinya setiap 1 satuan perubahan (perbaikan, karena tanda +) dalam variabel Nilai pelanggan, maka secara relatif akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sebesar 11.8%, jadi Nilai pelanggan akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 115, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 53, "top": 307, "width": 221, "height": 176, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "4) Koefisien regresi citra perusahaan (x3) sebesar 0.165. Artinya setiap 1 satuan perubahan (perbaikan, karena tanda +) daiam variabel citra perusahaan, maka secara relatif akan mempengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh sebesar 16.5%, jadi citra perusahaan akan sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 496, "width": 120, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembuktian Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 509, "width": 225, "height": 271, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam membuktikan hipotesis alternatif bahwa terdapat pengaruh secara langsung antara faktor-faktor yang diteliti berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh melalui pengaruh Pelayanan (xl), Nilai pelanggan (x2) dan Citra perusahaan (x3), hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai t hitung > t- tabel dengan tingkat signifikansi sebesar 0.000 atau probabilitas jauh dibawah a 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dijelaskan bahwa semua indikator yang diteliti berpangaruh terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh, dimana pengaruh pelayanan (xl), Nilai pelanggan (x2), dan Citra perusahaan (x3) sangat berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan peianggan Perusahaan Jasa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 163, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh Sedangkah hasil pengujian. secara parsial disebutkan bahwa pengaruh Pelayanan (xl), Nilai pelanggan (x2), dan Citra perusahaan (x3) mempunyai pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh dengan demikian hipotesis Hal, Ha2 dan Ha3 diterima dan menolak hipotesis Hol, Ho2 dan Ho3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 266, "width": 71, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 295, "width": 224, "height": 365, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh. Variabel dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan adalah citra perusahaan, yang ditandai dengan nilai koefisien regresi yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan variabel lainnya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa citra perusahaan menjadi faktor penting yang memengaruhi kesetiaan pelanggan. Hasil uji-F atau uji simultan menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel yang diteliti secara bersama-sama berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di daerah tersebut, karena ditemukan nilai F-hitung yang lebih besar dari F- tabel pada tingkat signifikansi α = 5%. Hasil uji-t atau uji parsial juga mengindikasikan bahwa pelayanan, nilai pelanggan, dan citra perusahaan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan secara terpisah terhadap kesetiaan pelanggan terhadap Perusahaan Jasa Kelistrikan di wilayah tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 687, "width": 92, "height": 16, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 293, "top": 716, "width": 227, "height": 68, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aditya, P. F. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh Corporate Social Responbility Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Profitabilitas sebagai Variabel Pemoderasi. 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Routledge.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 293, "width": 227, "height": 82, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Noranee, S., Aziz, R. A., Anuar, M. Z. H., Som, R. M., & Shahruddin, S. (2021). The Influence of After-Sales Service Quality and Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction. Global Business & Management Research , 13 (4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 388, "width": 227, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pena, M. M., Silva, E. M. S. D., Tronchin, D. M. R., & Melleiro, M. M. (2013). The use of the quality model of Parasuraman,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 428, "width": 199, "height": 41, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Zeithaml and Berry in health services. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP , 47 , 1227-1232.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 482, "width": 227, "height": 203, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phillips, D. M., & Baumgartner, H. (2002). The role of consumption emotions in the satisfaction response. Journal of Consumer psychology , 12 (3), 243-252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327663JCP1 203_06. Phuong, T. T. K., & Vinh, T. T. (2021). Proposing a theoretical model to determine factors affecting on job satisfaction, job performance and employees loyalty for Technology Information (IT) workers. International Journal for Applied Information Management , 1 (4), 201-209.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 698, "width": 227, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Putri, R. W. (2015). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Pelanggan (Survey pada Pelanggan Auto2000 Waru Surabaya) (Doctoral", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 739, "width": 199, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "dissertation, Brawijaya University).", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 52, "top": 36, "width": 464, "height": 18, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Andriya Risdwiyanto, Diah Fatma Sjoraida, Naufal Haidar Ahmada, Devi Andriyani / Analisis Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Tingkat Kesetiaan Pelanggan dalam Industri Jasa Kelistrikan di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Aceh.", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 50, "top": 793, "width": 264, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "1244 | Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen Teknologi Vol. 7 | No. 4 | 2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 50, "top": 77, "width": 224, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Razak, I., Nirwanto, N., & Triatmanto, B.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 91, "width": 197, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "(2016). The impact of product quality and price on customer satisfaction with the mediator of customer value. IISTE: Journal of Marketing and Consumer Research , 30 , 59-68.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 172, "width": 224, "height": 81, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rizal, S. (2019). Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi Kepuasan Konsumen dan Kaitannya Dengan Kesetiaan Merek pada Produk Kesehatan K-Link di Kota Banda Aceh. Jurnal EMT KITA , 3 (2), 85- 93.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 266, "width": 225, "height": 82, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rosadin, A. A. S., & Gulo, T. K. (2023). The Influence of Job Satisfaction and Job Loyalty of Employees (Sewing Operator) on Employee Performance at PT. Sansan Saudaratex Jaya Cimahi. Jurnal EMT KITA , 7 (4), 925-930.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 50, "top": 361, "width": 225, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Shokouhyar, S., Shokoohyar, S., & Safari, S. (2020). Research on the influence of after-sales service quality factors on customer satisfaction. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services , 56 , 102139.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 77, "width": 227, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siregar, S. (2022). Studi Literatur Kritis Risiko", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 91, "width": 198, "height": 41, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reputasi pada Manajemen Risiko Perbankan Syariah. Jurnal EMT KITA , 6 (1), 147-157.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 293, "top": 145, "width": 227, "height": 176, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uncles, M. D., Dowling, G. R., & Hammond, K. (2003). Customer loyalty and customer loyalty programs. Journal of consumer marketing , 20 (4), 294-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/0736376031048 3676. Woro, M., & Naili, F. (2013). Pengaruh Nilai Pelanggan dan Kualitas Layanan terhadap Loyalitas Pelanggan, melalui kepuasan pelanggan pada Pelanggan bus efisiensi (studi po efisiensi jurusan yogyakarta- cilacap). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis , 2 (1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 293, "top": 334, "width": 227, "height": 81, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 558, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sekretariat Direktorat Jenderal Ketenagalistrikan. (2020). Statistik Ketenagalistrikan 2020. Available at: https://gatrik.esdm.go.id/assets/uploads /download_index/files/8f7e7-20211110- statistik-2020-rev03.pdf.", "type": "Table" } ]

78a10ae6-5cb5-af78-b7e3-52fd4ecb2018

https://e-journal.upr.ac.id/index.php/enggang/article/download/8477/4404

[ { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 110, "top": 83, "width": 392, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "MUTU LAYANAN PENDIDIKAN MADRASAH TSANAWIYAH HIDAYATUL MUBTADIIN JATI AGUNG LAMPUNG SELATAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 288, "top": 121, "width": 36, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sarpendi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 218, "top": 132, "width": 176, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Universitas Islam An Nur Lampung, Indonesia Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 179, "width": 35, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 190, "width": 403, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of educational services in the aspects of physical evidence, aspects of empathy, aspects of reliability in Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. This study used a qualitative approach. While the method used in this research is descriptive research method. The data collection technique used is observation, interview and documentation techniques. This participatory observation technique was carried out to observe the geographical location in the form of a location plan and environmental conditions, vision, mission, strategy and motto of the Nurul Hikmah Tsanawiyah Madrasah School. Interviews were conducted to determine the quality of educational services in the physical evidence aspect, the empathy aspect, and the reliability aspect. Based on the results of the description that has been described that the quality of service aspects of physical evidence (tangible) at MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin has adequate physical conditions, the availability of facilities and infrastructure that support learning, service aspects of empathy (emphaty) has good service quality. This can be interpreted that the ability of school principals, teachers and staff to communicate with students and parents, such as paying attention to students who have learning abilities have not yet reached the KKM by providing additional learning after school hours are over, service aspects of reliability (reliability) have service quality already in line with customer expectations such as competent teachers and supportive teacher educational backgrounds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 374, "width": 157, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords: Quality of Education services.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 407, "width": 36, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 417, "width": 404, "height": 159, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Mutu layanan pendidikan aspek bukti fisik, aspek rasa empati, aspek reliabilitas yang ada di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin.. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode penelitian deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan ialah dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik observasi partisipasi ini dilakukan untuk mengamati letak geografis berupa denah lokasi dan kondisi lingkungan, visi, misi, strategi dan motto Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui Mutu layanan pendidikan aspek bukti fisik, aspek rasa empati, aspek reliabilitas. Berdasarkan hasil uraian yang sudah dijabarkan bahwa Mutu layanan aspek bukti fisik (tangible) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin memiliki kondisi fisik cukup memadai, tersedianya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung pembelajaran, layanan aspek empati (emphaty) memiliki mutu layanan yang baik. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa kemampuan Kepala Sekolah, guru dan staf dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa dan orang tua, seperti memberikan perhatian pada siswa yang memiliki kemampuan belajar belum mencapai KKM dengan memberikan belajar tambahan setelah jam belajar selesai, layanan aspek kehandalan (reliability) memiliki mutu layanan sudah sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan seperti guru yang kompeten dan latar belakang pendidikan guru yang mendukung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 590, "width": 149, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata kunci: Mutu layanan Pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 95, "width": 404, "height": 283, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendidikan yang diselenggarakan di setiap satuan pendidikan, mulai dari pendidikan dasar sampai pendidikan tinggi, bahkan yang dilakukan di lembaga-lembaga nonformal dan informal seharusnya dapat menjadi landasan bagi pembentukan pribadi peserta didik dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Namun demikian, pada kenyataannya mutu pendidikan, khususnya mutu output pendidikan masih rendah jika dibanding dengan mutu ouput pendidikan di Negara lain, baik di Asia maupun di kawasan ASEAN. Rendahnya mutu pendidikan memerlukan penanganan secara menyeluruh, karena dalam kehidupan suatu bangsa, pendidikan memegang peranan yang amat penting untuk menjamin kelangsungan hidup Negara dan bangsa, juga merupakan wahana untuk meningkatkan dan mengembangkan kualitas sumber daya manusia (Mulyasa 2022). Mutu layanan adalah segala bentuk sangat tergantung pada guru (Ari Supadi 2022). Partisipasi aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat dewasa ini umumnya masih perusahaan/institusi/produsen guna memenuhi sebatas pada dukungan dana, sedangkan harapan konsumen. Layanan dalam hal ini dukungan lainnya yang berupa moral, diartikan sebagai jasa atau service yang pemikiran, barang dan jasa kurang disampaikan oleh pemilik jasa yang berupa diperhatikan. Akuntabilitas sekolah terhadap kemudahan, kecepatan, hubungan, kemampuan masyarakat juga lemah terutama dan keramahtamahan yang ditujukan melalui mempertanggungjawabkan hasil pelaksanaan sikap dan sifat dalam memberikan layanan pendidikan kepada masyarakt (orang tua) untuk kepuasan konsumen (Permana, Nasor, and Pujianti 2022). Program pendidikan yang bermutu harus memiliki ciri khusus, diantaranya harus mempertimbangkan kondisi setempat (Nurkolis 2008).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 381, "width": 404, "height": 87, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Usman menyatakan, mutu dibidang pendidikan meliputi mutu input, proses, output, dan outcome. Input pendidikan dinyatakan bermutu apabila mampu menciptakan suasana yang PAKEMB (Pembelajaran yang Aktif, Kreatif, Menyenangkan, dan Bermakna). Output dinyatakan bermutu jika hasil belajar akademik dan non akademik siswa tinggi. Out come dinyatakan bermutu apabila lulusan cepat terserap di dunia kerja, gaji wajar, semua pihak mengakui kehebatan lulusan dan merasa puas (Usman Nasir 1998).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 471, "width": 404, "height": 153, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Input pendidikan adalah segala hal yang harus tersedia karena dibutuhkan untuk berlangsungnya proses (Setyaningsih 2020). Segala hal yang dimaksud meliputi sumberdaya dan perangkat lunak serta harapan-harapan sebagai pemandu bagi berlangsungnya proses. Input sumberdaya meliputi sumberdaya manusia (kepala sekolah, guru-termasuk guru BP-, karyawan, siswa) dan sumberdaya selebihnya (peralatan, perlengkapan, uang, bahan,). input perangkat lunak meliputi struktur organisasi sekolah, peraturan perundang-undangan, deskripsi tugas, rencana, program, dan sebagainya. Input harapan-harapan berupa visi, misi, tujuan, dan sasaran-sasaran yang ingin dicapai oleh sekolah. Kesiapan input sangat diperlukan agar proses dapat berlangsung dengan baik. oleh karena itu tinggi rendahnya mutu input dapat diukur dari tingkat kesiapan input. Makin tinggi tingkat kesiapan input, makin tinggi pula mutu input tersebut (Rohiat 2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 627, "width": 404, "height": 75, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan pendidikan dapat dilihat dalam dua hal, yakni mengacu pada proses pendidikan dan hasil pendidikan. Proses pendidikan yang bermutu apabila seluruh komponen pendidikan terlibat dalam proses pendidikan itu sendiri (Sri Hartati, Sulthan Syahril 2022). Faktor-faktor dalam proses pendidikan adalah berbagai input, seperti bahan ajar, metodologi, saran sekolah, dukungan administrasi dan sarana prasarana dan sumber daya lainnya serta penciptaan suasana kondusif.(Sariman, Andi Warisno 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 82, "width": 404, "height": 231, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pengertian kualitas atau mutu dapat dilihat juga dari konsep secara absolut dan relative. Dalam konsep absolut sesuatu (barang) disebut berkualitas bila memenuhi standar tertinggi dan sempurna. Artinya, barang tersebut sudah tidak ada yang memebihi. Bila diterapkan dalam dunia pendidikan konsep kualitas absolut ini bersifat elitis karena hanya sedikit lembaga pendidikan yang akan mampu menawarkan kualitas tertinggi kepada peserta didik dan hanya sedikit siswa yang akan mampu membayarnya. Sedangkan, dalam konsep relatif, kualitas berarti memenuhi spesifikasi yang ditetapkan dan sesuai dengan tujuan (fit fortheir purpose). Edward & Sallis dalam Nurkholis, mengemukakankualitas dalam konsep relatif berhubungan dengan produsen, maka kualitas berarti sesuai dengan spesifikasi yang ditetapkan pelanggan (Nurkolis 2008). Pendidikan merupakan suatu dimensi pembangunan. Proses pendidikan terkait dengan proses pembangunan. Sedangkan pembangunan diarahkan dan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas serta pembangunan dibidang ekonomi yang saling menunjang satu sama lainnya. Proses pendidikan berkenaan dengan semua upaya untuk mengembangkan mutu sumber daya manusia, sedangkan manusia yang bermutu itu pada hakikatnya telah dijabarkan dan dirumuskan secara jelas dalam rumusan tujuan pendidikan dan tujuan pendidikan itu searah dengan tujuan pembangunan secara keseluruhan (Gusmayanti et al. 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 329, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 342, "width": 404, "height": 165, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Sedangkan metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah metode penelitian deskriptif (I. N. Sari et al. 2022). Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan ialah dengan teknik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik observasi partisipasi ini dilakukan untuk mengamati letak geografis berupa denah lokasi dan kondisi lingkungan, visi, misi, strategi dan motto Sekolah Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Kemudian teknik wawancara dilakukan terlebih dahulu dengan menentukan key informant. Teknik ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui informasi mengenai sejarah berdirinya Sekolah. Sedangkan teknik dokumentasi dilakukan dengan cara penelusuran, dokumen dan buku yang dapat berkaitan dengan penelitian untuk mengetahui data tertulis. Teknik ini dilakukan untuk mempermudah peneliti mendapatkan informasi mengenai profil madrasah, sejarah madrasah, visi, misi, strategi dan motto madrasah, struktur organisasi dan keadaan sumber daya manusia yang terdapat di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 510, "width": 403, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data sebelum di lapangan yakni data yang ditemukan ketika telah melaksanakan studi pendahuluan, yakni analisis data mengenai kondisi objektif Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Fokus analisis data disini adalah mengenai mutu layanan pendidikan Madrasah Tsanawiyah Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Analisis data di lapangan yang terdapat 3 kegiatan yakni reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi data yang dilakukan berdasarkan fokus penelitian yang diambil. Uji absah data dilakukan dengan perpanjangan pengamatan, peningkatan ketekunan, triangulasi, analisis kasus negatif, menggunakan bahan referensi dan melakukan membercheck (D. I. Sari, Syahrir, and Setyaningsih 2022). Uji abash data dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa data yang diterima merupakan data yang sebenarnya terdapat pada tempat penelitian (Agustianti et al. 2022).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 96, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Mutu Layanan Pendidikan Aspek Bukti Fisik (Tangibles) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 121, "width": 404, "height": 568, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Aspek mutu layanan pendidikan di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin berupa bukti fisik dapat terlihat dari kelengkapan sarana dan prasaran penunjang maupun fasilitas utama dalam kelancaran proses pembelajaran. Terpenuhinya semua kebutuhan tersebut dapat memberikan suatu bukti bahwa aspek tangibles yang ada di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinsudah memiliki mutu yang baik baik dari segi area atau lokasi, penataan ruang kelas dan kebersihan lingkungannya. Sebagaimana hasil wawancara dengan Kepala Sekolah yang menjelaskan bahwa: Di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinini, bukti fisik sebagai salah satu indikator mutu layanan pendidikan sudah memadai. Ketersediaan sarana prasarana yang mendukung pembelajaran, letak sekolah yang strategis ditengah-tengah penduduk, serta lingkungan yang bersih dan asri. Hasil wawancara tersebut di dukung dengan hasil observasi langsung di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Lokasi dan lingkungan berdirinya MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin berada di tengah-tengah perkampungan dan berdekatan dengan jalan raya, sehingga mudah dijangkau oleh masyarakat sekitar yang menyekolahkan anak-anaknya di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin. Sesuai dengan tuntutan di era globalisasi. saat ini, guru di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin diharuskan untuk memiliki pola pikir (mindset) dan pola tindak (actionset) terutama dalam mengimplementasikan dan mengembangkan kurikulum (2013) yang berlaku sekarang. Disamping itu, perubahan pola pikir dan pola tindak dalam mengelola kelas dan melaksanakan proses pembelajaran, setiap guru di sekolah tersebut dituntut untuk lebih kreatif dan inovatif dalam meningkatkan mutu layanan pendidikan khususnya layanan proses pembelajaran sesuai dengan standar proses dan sesuai dengan Permendiknas nomor 41 tahun 2007. Aspek layanan bukti fisik dalam hal adanya layanan kesehatan yang diberikan oleh pihak sekolah seperti disampaikan oleh siswa sebagai berikut; di sekolah kalau ada siswa yang sakit diberikan pengobatan pertama, misalnya jika ada yang terjatuh dan luka, guru-guru segera memberikan obat dan membersihkan lukanya, jika ada siswa yang pingsan saat upacara sekolah, segera dibawa ke ruangan untuk diberikan pertolongan pertama. Mutu bukti fisik ini merupakan seberapa baik penampilan dan kemampuan sarana dan prasarana fisik harus dapat diandalkan. Penampilan fisik layanan, kayawan, dan komunikasi akan memberikan warna dalam layanan pelanggan. Tingkat kelengkapan peralatan atau teknologi yang digunakan akan berpengaruh pada layanan pelanggan. Karyawan dalam hal ini adalah guru dan staf adalah sosok yang memberikan perhatian terkait dengan sikap,penampilan dan bagaimana mereka menyampaikan kesan layanan. Dalam hal ini sejauh mana perusahaan memfasilitasi sarana komunikasi sebagai upaya untuk memberikan kemudahan dalam layanan adalah hal yang tidak terpisahkan. Bukti fisik langsung dalam mutu layanan merupakan bentuk aktualisasi nyata secara fisik dapat terlihat atau digunakan oleh pegawai sesuai dengan penggunaan dan pemanfaatannya yang dapat dirasakan membantu layanan yang diterima oleh orang yang menginginkan layanan, sehingga puas atas layanan yang dirasakan yang sekaligus menunjukan prestasi kerja atas pemberian layanan yang diberikan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada faktor bukti langsung diartikan bahwa di Mts MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin sudah memberikan layanan fasilitas dan kelenggkapan sarana dan prasarana yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan konsumen, meskipun dengan keterbatasan. Dengan adanya layanan fasilitas dan sarana prasarana maka konsumen menjadi terpuaskan karena yang diharapkan dalam layanan dapat tercapai dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Mutu Layanan Pendidikan Aspek Rasa Empati (Empathy) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 108, "width": 404, "height": 360, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan tidak hanya diharapkan dan dinilai dari lembaga pendidikan yang menghasilkan suatu produk yang diinginkan. Salah satu tempat yang memerlukan perhatian terkait kualitas layanannya adalah lembaga pendidikan. Kerap kali kita mengeluh tentang layanan di instansi pemerintahan yang cenderung kurang atau tidak memenuhi kriteria yang diharapkan. Namun pada dasarnya standar mutu layanan di lembaga pendidikan telah memiliki standar-standar tersendiri yang harus dipenuhi. Beberapa layanan yang kerap harus diperhatikan untuk layanan masyarakat diantaranya adalah di bidang mutu layanan pendidikan sebagai penyedia layanan jasa. Dimensi ini merujuk pada sejauh mana tingkat pemahaman/simpati (caring) serta perhatian secara individual yang diberikan oleh pihak sekolah kepada para siswa dan masyarakat pada umumnya. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan kepala MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinberkaitan dengan dimensi mutu layanan pendidikan aspek empaty yang di berikan kepada siswa selaku konsumen, bahwa: Sejauh ini pihak sekolah selalu berusaha memberikan perhatian khusus bagi siswa-siswanya. Perhatian yang dimaksud adalah ketika siswa mengalamai masalah kesulitan belajar maka dilakukan tindakan seperti adanya bimbingan belajar secara khusus. Pihak sekolah juga berusaha memberikan peluang bagi siswa yang memiliki kelebihan baik dalam bidak akademisi maupun non akademik. Hal ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kreativitas, bakat dan kemampuannya. Layanan yang empati, memang sangat diperlukan sentuhan pribadi. Sentuhan pribadi ini hanya menjadi maksimal, apabila lembaga mempunyai sistem database yang efektif. Tanpa hal ini, sungguh sulit untuk menerapkan layanan yang empati. Dimensi empati adalah dimensi yang memberikan peluang besar untuk memberikan layanan yang bersifat “surprise”. Sesuatu yang tidak diharapkan pelanggan, ternyata diberikan oleh penyedia jasa. Banyak cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menyenangkan pelanggan. Hal ini misalnya, dapat dilakukan dengan memberikan hadiah saat “siswa” sebagai pengguna jasa berulang tahun atau memperoleh prestasi yang bagus. Layanan yang berempati, akan mudah diciptakan, kalau setiap guru dan staf mengerti kebutuhan spesifik pelanggannya dan menyimpan hal ini dalam hatinya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 485, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Mutu Layanan Pendidikan Aspek Kehandalan (Reliability) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 510, "width": 404, "height": 192, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kehandalan raliability adalah kemampuan untuk memberikan layanan pendidikan dengan tepat waktu dan akurat sesuai dengan yang ditawarkan. Untuk meningkatkan reliability dibidang layanan pendidikan, pihak Sekolah perlu membangun budaya kerja yang bermutu. Reliabilitas berkaitan dengan kemampuan menyampaikan layanan yang dijanjikan. Pihak MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinsebagai penyedia jasa pendidikan, berupaya meningkatkan tingkat mutu kehandalan lembaganya dengan terus berupaya melakukan perbaikan baik di bidang kompetensi guru, perbaikan di bidang sarana maupun prasarana. Sesuai dengan penjelasan yang di sampaikan oleh kepala sekolah yang menegaskan bahwa: Dalam rangka membangun budaya kerja yang bermutu sehingga menghasilkan kehandalan dalam layanan, maka guru-guru yang mengajar di Mts MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiinharus memiliki kualifikasi pendidikan yang memadai. Selain itu guru harus memiliki kompetensi yang sesuai dengan bidang ajar yang diampunya. Dengan demikian maka kualitas kehandalan dapat dipertahankan. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi diketahui bahwa untuk mewujudkan mutu layanan aspek kehandalan di Mts MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin, maka dilakukan penyesuaian dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 82, "width": 404, "height": 166, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "bidang kualifikasi pendidikan guru dan kompetensi yang dimiliki oleh guru. Diharapkan dengan kompetensi guru yang mumpuni akan berimplikasi pada prestasi siswa baik akademik maupun non akademiknya. Kehandalan dapat diartikan memberikan layanan, setiap pegawai diharapkan memiliki kemampuan dalam pengetahuan, keahlian, kemandirian, penguasaan, dan profesionalisme kerja yang tinggi, sehingga aktifitas kerja yang dikerjakan menghasilkan bentuk layanan yang memuaskan, tanpa ada keluhan dan kesan yang berlebihan atas layanan yang diterima oleh masyarakat. Hasil berdasarkan faktor keandalan di atas diartikan MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin mempunyai menejemen waktu, jasa yang cukup baik dalam hal menejemen waktu yang baik seperti; buka tepat waktu, lokasi yang strategis dan biaya yang diberikan juga sesuai dengan dengan layanan yang diberikan. Akan tetapi beberapa hal yang masih membuat orang tua murid atau siswa mempunyai persepsi kurang puas dikarenakan beberapa layanan atau pegawai belum mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik dalam memberikan layanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 264, "width": 76, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 277, "width": 404, "height": 49, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berdasarkan deskripsi yang telah dipaparkan di atas, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa, Mutu layanan aspek bukti fisik (tangible) di MTs Hidayatul Mubtadiin memiliki kondisi fisik cukup memadai, tersedianya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana yang mendukung pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 329, "width": 404, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan aspek empati (emphaty) memiliki mutu layanan yang baik. Hal ini dapat diartikan bahwa kemampuan Kepala Sekolah, guru dan staf dalam berkomunikasi dengan siswa dan orang tua, seperti memberikan perhatian pada siswa yang memiliki kemampuan belajar belum mencapai KKM dengan memberikan belajar tambahan setelah jam belajar selesai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 394, "width": 403, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mutu layanan aspek kehandalan (reliability) memiliki mutu layanan sudah sesuai dengan harapan pelanggan seperti guru yang kompeten dan latar belakang pendidikan guru yang mendukung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 27, "width": 236, "height": 18, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Volume 3, Nomor 1, Desember 2022 Enggang: Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Sastra, Seni, dan Budaya", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 400, "top": 30, "width": 105, "height": 19, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ISSN: 2746-7708 (Cetak) ISSN: 2827-9689 (Online)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 83, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 95, "width": 403, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Agustianti, Rifka, Lissiana Nussifera, L. Angelianawati, Igat Meliana, Effi Alfiani Sidik, Qomarotun Nurlaila, Nicholas Simarmata, Irfan Sophan Himawan, Elvis Pawan, and Faisal Ikhram. 2022. Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Dan Kualitatif. TOHAR MEDIA.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 160, "width": 403, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Ari Supadi. 2022. “Pengaruh Supervisi Akademik Kepala Madrasah Terhadap", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 136, "top": 173, "width": 369, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kompetensi Pedagogik Pendidik Di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Miftahul Ulum Gunung Mas Kecamatan Marga Sekampung Kabupaten Lampung Timur.” Enggang : Jurnal Pendidikan, Bahasa, Satra, Seni, Dan Budaya 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 225, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Gusmayanti, Faradhila, Andi Warisno, Endang Ekowati, and Etika Pujianti. 2022. “MENINGKATKAN POTENSI ORGANISASI KESISWAAN.” 01(01):1– 12.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 264, "width": 403, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Mulyasa, H. Enco. 2022. Manajemen Dan Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah. Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 303, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Nurkolis. 2008. No Title.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 329, "width": 403, "height": 49, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Per mana, Dede Sofian, M. 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e50a6be4-41eb-062c-1ef3-8c26f114af68

https://journalstkippgrisitubondo.ac.id/index.php/EDUSAINTEK/article/download/13/33

[ { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 112, "width": 395, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENGARUH AKTIVITAS BELAJAR DAN NILAI UJIAN NASIONAL TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS X MANURUL FATA TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 179, "width": 179, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Yesi Puspitasari, 2 Nur Hasanah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 251, "top": 195, "width": 109, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "STKIP PGRI Situbondo", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 153, "top": 204, "width": 306, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 yesipuspitasari@stkippgri-situbondo, 2 [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 286, "top": 242, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 276, "width": 442, "height": 238, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari beberapa variable yaitu: Aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar matematika, nilai ujian nasional matematika terhadap hasil belajar matematika dan pengaruh secara simultan dari aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata Tahun Pelajaran 2017/2018. Populasi dalam penelitian ini siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata dengan jumlah siswa 48 siswa dan teknik pengambilan sampel sampling jenuh semua populasi dijadikan sampel karena < 100.Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian ex-post facto.Data dikumpulkan dengan metode observasi, angket, dokumentasi.Data dianalisis dengan korelasi kemudian diaalisis megguaka regresi berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, secara simultan yaitu sebesar 67,2% dan secara terpisah yaitu pada variable pengaaruh aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar sebesar 59,22% dan pengaruh nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar yaitu sebesar 8,53%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 295, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata kunci :Aktivitas Belajar, Nilai Ujian Nasional, Hasil Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 580, "width": 67, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 442, "height": 162, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research aim to uny know the influenceof some variable that is : variable of learning activity toward matematics learning result, the value of the national exam mathematics learning outcomes and the simultaneous influence of learning activities and the value of the national exam on the results of learning mathematics students class X MA Nurul Fata academic year 2017/2018. The population this research were the grade students of MA Nuru Fata with total 48 students, and samping technique saturated all population sampled because < 100. This research was an ex-post facto. The data wese collected though observation, quetionaires and documentations. The data were analysis by correlation then analyzed by multiple regression. The result of the analysis indicate that there is an influence between learning activities and the value of national goals toward the learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "outcomes of students of class X MA Nurul Fata academic year 2017/2018 simultaneosly that is equal to 67,2% and separately tht is on variable influence of learning activity to result of learning 59,22% and the influence of national exam scores on learning outcomes is equal to 8,53% .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 351, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : learning activity, the value of the nationl exam, learning out comes", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Persoalan pendidikan di banyak negara merupakan masalah yang pelik, Namun pendidikan harus dilaksanakan untuk kemajuan dalam membagun dan memperbaiki pendidikan khususnya masyarakat yang ada dinegara Indonesia karena dunia tidak dapat dilakukan tanpa melalui pendidikan (Abdul, 2012:141). Mutu pendidikan yang rendah merupakan salah satu masalah yang ada di Negara Indonesia (Made, 2017:2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 283, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan suatu wadah yang tepat sebagai upaya peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia, sehingga pembangunan di bidang pendidikan mutlak harus diutamakan dan dioptimalkan. Sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas akan mampu mengelola sumber daya alam yang dimilikinya dan memberi layanan secara efektif dan efisien untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dinegara Indonesia, Oleh karena itu, hampir semua bangsa berusaha meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan yang baik dan berpotensi, termasuk salah satunya Negara Indonesia (Sudiarta, 2013:1).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 371, "width": 442, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas pendidikan yang ada di Indonesia masih tertinggal jauh dengan negara lain, Sehingga perlu adanya upaya meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia. Dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia sudah banyak upaya yang dilakukan pemerintah seperti yang sering di bicarakan yaitu adanya ujian Nasional digunakan sebagai tolak ukur kemajuan pendidikan nasional menjadi kontroversi karena pelaksanaannya sering disinyalir tidak jujur. Perolehan standar nilai kelulusan ujian nasional menjadi acuan kelulusan siswa dan sering diasumsikan bahwa pencapaian nilai tertinggi pada ujian nasional refleksi dari siswa yang pintar, cerdas dan berprestasi disekolahnya. Nilai ujian nasional masih tetap digunakan sebagai prasyarat pertimbangan dalam pelulusan penerimaan siswa baru bagi yang melanjutkan pendidikan dari jenjang SMP, SMA dan SMK (Sudiarta, 2013:2).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 442, "height": 136, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai ujian nasional yang dimaksud dalam penelitian nilai matematika yang diperoleh dari nilai saat ujian nasional SMP, siswa yang memiliki nilai ujian nasional tertinggi, dimungkinkan memiliki prestasi belajar yang baik saat siswa tersebut memasuki ke jenjang SMA. Namun, dalam pelaksanaan di sekolah, proses keaslian hasil nilai ujian nasional masih diragukan, karena dalam Pelaksanaan ujian nasional sering diisukan penuh dengan kecurangan, karena itu hasilujian dianggap tidak lagi sebagai gambaran kemampuan siswa, tetapi justru penghambat bagi siswa untuk mengakhiri jenjang pendidikannya, Selain dengan ujian nasional meningkatkan kulitas pendidikan ada yang tidak kalah pentingnya yaitu aktivitas belajar siswa, aktivitas belajar siswa merupakan suatu kegiatan atau tingkah laku yang dilakukan siswa dalam pembelajaran dikelas seperti melihat, berani mengemukakan pendapat, mendengar, menulis. Oleh karena itu, aktivitas belajar berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa (Gunawan, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 637, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Aktivitas merupakan kegiatan atau keaktifan. Jadi segala sesuatu yang dilakukan atau kegiatan yang terjadi baik fisik maupun non-fisik. Aktivitas merupakan kegiatan mengaktifkan segala bentuk sikap, fikiran dan fisik untuk memperoleh manfaat dari kegiatan pembelajaran dan merupakan prinsip atau asas yang penting dalam interaksi pembelajaran karena pada dasarnya tujuan belajar untuk mengubah tingkah laku siswa agar menjadi lebih baik. Siswa tidak memiliki proses belajar tanpa adanya aktivitas diri siswa sendiri. Subyek paling utama dalam proses pembelajaran yaitu siswa harus aktif (Surur, 2017:4).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 725, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun macam kegiatan aktivitas belajar yang dapat dilakukan siswa di kelas, tidak hanya mendengarkan atau mencatat. Menurut Thobroni (2016:22) sebagai berikut; 1) Visual activities , 2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Oral activities , 3) Listening activities , 4) Writing activities , 5) Drawing activities , 6) Motor activities ,7) Mental activities , 8) Emotional activities Adapun faktor yang berpengaruh pada pendidikan sebagai berikut; (Gunawan, 2016)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 88, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 163, "width": 424, "height": 35, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mencakup metode mengajar, kemampuan guru, disiplin sekolah, pelajaran dan waktu sekolah, standar pelajaran. Semua ini dapat mempengaruh aktivitas belajar siswa dan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 201, "width": 102, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Mengajar", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 213, "width": 424, "height": 74, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode mengajar guru yang kurang baik dalam menyampaikan materi pelajaran dikarenakan guru kurang mempersiapkan dan kurang menguasai bahan pelajaran sehingga, guru tersebut dalam menyajikan materi tidak jelas atau sikap guru terhadap peserta didik dan mata pelajar itu sendiri tidak berjalan dengan efektif, sehingga peserta didik kurang senang terhadap pelajaran atau gurunya. Akibatnya peserta didik malas untuk belajar dan berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 204, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Kemampuan Guru dalam Mengajar siswa", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 302, "width": 424, "height": 48, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pembelajaran akan berjalan baik apabila siswa aktif, keatifan peserta didik tergantung kepada kemampuan seorang guru dalam berinteraksi, menyampaikan materi pelajaran dan memakai metode yang baik, mudah difahami siswa, sehingga proses pembelajaran dikelas berjalan efektif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Disiplin Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 365, "width": 424, "height": 61, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kedisiplinan sekolah berhubungan erat dengan keaktifan peserta didik dalam sekolah, juga dalam belajar yang mencakup kedisiplinan guru dalam mengajar dengan melaksanakan tata tertib, kedisiplinan karyawan atau keteraturan kelas, dan Kedisiplinan kepala sekolah dalam mengelola seluruh staf beserta speserta didiknya dan kedisiplinan tim BP dalam pelayanan keapda peserta didik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 172, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "5. Alat Pelajaran dan Waktu Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 441, "width": 424, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat pelajaran yang lengkap memperlancar penerimaan bahan pelajaran yang diberikan guru kepada peserta didik. Sehingga belajarnya menjadi lebih giat dan lebih efisien. Waktu sekolah mempengaruhi belajar peserta didik apabila peserta didik terpaksa masuk di siang hari, sebenarnya kurang dipertangung jawabkan. Dimana peserta didik harus beristirahat tetapi terpaksa masuk sekolah, hingga mereka mendengarkan pelajaran sambil mengantuk sehingga pembelajaran kurang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 405, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun faktor yang mempengaruhinya. aktivitas belajar sebagai berikut (Sagala, 2016:56);", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 530, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor internal (faktor yang bersumber dari diri sendiri), yang meliputi faktor kesehatan, tingkat kecerdasan, minat, dan bakat .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 555, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor eksternal (faktor yang bersumber dari luar individu), yang meliputi faktor keluarga (faktor orang tua, suasana rumah/keluarga, keadaan ekonomi keluarga), faktor sekolah (cara penyajian materi pelajaran oleh guru, metode pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh guru,standar pelajaran, kelengkapan alat pelajaran yang digunakan oleh sekolah, lingkungan sekolah, disiplin sekolah),", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 618, "width": 442, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan pendapat diatas, disimpulkan bahwa aktivitas belajar merupakan kegiatan atau tingkah laku yang dilakukan siswa saat pelajaran berlangung seperti berani mengungkapkan pendapat, mendengarkan, menyelesaikan masalah sesuai dengan rasa keingintahuan siswa yang tinggi dan bukan belajar jika siswanya belum aktif dalam suatu pembelajaran. Menurut Susanto (2016:3) Nilai Ujian Nasional (UN) merupakan sistem evaluasi standar pendidikan dasar dan menengah di Indonesia. Selain itu sebagai sarana memetakan mutu berbagai tingkatan pendidikan satu daerah dengan daerah lain dan juga, Ujian Nasional (UN) merupakan penilaian hasil belajar pemerintah yang bertujuan untuk menilai pencapaian kompetensi lulusan secara nasional pada mata pelajaran tertentu dalam kelompok ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Menurut Intan (2015:5) Ujian Nasional (UN) merupakan upaya pemerintah mengevaluasi tingkat pendidikan secara nasional denganmenetapkan standarisasi nasional pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 118, "top": 112, "width": 376, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Standarisasi kelulusan nilai Ujian Nasional menurut BSNP pada tahun 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 139, "width": 246, "height": 79, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai Keterangan 85-100 Sangat Baik 70-85 Baik 70-55 Cukup 50-45 Kurang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 225, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sumber:Intan (2015:2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Sudiarta (2013:4), dalam penelitiannya berjudul ”Ujian Nasional dan Pembudayaan Siswa Aktif Belajar” standarisasi kelulusan nilai ujian nasional 5,5 setiap mata pelajaran. Ujian Nasional dipakai sebagai tolak ukur kemajuan pendidikan nasional di Negara Indonesia. Ujian nasional merupakan sistem evaluasi atau penilaian standar pendidikan dasar dan menengah secara nasional dengan menetapkan standarisasi nasional pendidikan yang bertujuan sebagai pemetaan masalah pendidikan dalam rangka menyusun kebijakan pendidikan nasional (Susanto, 2016:3).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 339, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Intan (2015:4) Ujian Nasional untuk jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah perlu dilaksanakan dengan berbagai pertimbangan. Pertama, sebagai tolak ukur kualitas pendidikan antar daerah; Kedua, sebagai upaya standarisasi mutu pendidikan secara nasional; dan ketiga, sebagai sarana memotivasi pesertadidik, orang tua, guru, dan pihak-pihak terkait untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik dalam menghadapi standar pendidikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 402, "width": 265, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan pentingnya diadakan ujian nasional sebagai berikut;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Mendorong guru meningkatkan kualitas mengajar, 2) Meningkatkan upaya bimbingan terhadap siswa yang berkesulitan belajar, 3) Mendorong guru menerapkan berbagai metode untuk memperbaiki pembelajaran, 4) Supaya siswa lebih rajin dan giat belajar, 5) Supaya orang tua lebih memperhatikan belajar anaknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 466, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Surur (2017:4) dari hasil belajar siswa, dapat diketahui ketuntasan belajar, Ketuntasan hasil belajar merupakan pencapaian taraf penguasaan minimal ditetapkan bagi setiap unit bahan ajar, baik secara perorangan maupun kelompok. Untuk mengetahui hasil belajar yang dicapai telah sesuai atau tidak dengan tujuan yang dikehendaki diketahui dengan evaluasi, Selain itu, dengan dilakukannya evaluasi atau penilaian ini dapat dijadikan feedback atau tindakan lanjut, atau bahkan cara untuk mengatur tingkat penguasaan siswa (Susanto , 2013:5).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 442, "height": 224, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil belajar merupakan perbuatan yang terarah pada penyelesaian tugas belajar.Hasil belajar dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain; (Mappeasse, 2010:4) Peraturan perundang- undangan tentang ujian nasional yaitu Undang-Undang No. 20/2003 Pasal 57:1) Evaluasi dilakukan dalam rangka pengendalian mutu pendidikan secara nasional sebagai bentuk akuntabilitas penyelenggara pendidikan kepada pihak yang berkepentingan. 2) Evaluasi dilakukan terhadap pesertadidik, lembaga dan program pendidikan pada jalur formal dan non formal untuk semuajenjang, satuan dan jenis pendidikan. Pasal 58: 1) Evaluasihasil belajar peserta didik untuk memantau proses, kemajuan, dan perbaikan hasil belajar peserta didik secara berkesinambungan Evaluasi peserta didik, satuan pendidikan dan progran pendidikan dilakukan oleh lembaga mandiri secara berkala, menyeluruh, transparan, dan sistemik untuk menilai pencapaian standar nasional pendidikan . Ujian Nasional merupakan sistem evaluasi yang diadakan pemeritah sebagai Alat pengendali mutu pendidikan secara nasional, dan dapat memotivasi sekolah agar memperbaiki mutu pendidikan disekolahnya, dan selain itu nilai ujian nasional juga sebagaibahan pertimbangan untuk menentukan tamat belajar dan predikat prestasi peserta didik. Ujian nasional menjadi kriteria yang akurat dan berlaku nasional untuk menentukan predikat dan prestasi peserta didik. Sedangkan , Hasil belajar yaitu perubahan yang terjadi pada diri siswa, baik menyangkut aspek kognitif, efektif, dan psikomotorik sebagai hasil dari kegiatan belajar. Secara sederhana yang dimaksud hasil belajar adalah kemampuan yang diperoleh anak setelah melalui kegiatan belajar, karena belajar itu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 445, "height": 185, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sendiri merupakan suatu proses dari seseorang yang berusaha untuk memperoleh suatu bentuk perubahan perilaku yang relatif menetap. Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran atau kegiatan instruksional biasanya guru menentukan tujuan belajar, anak yang berhasil dalam belajar adalah anak yang berhasil mencapai tujuan-tujuan pembelajaran atau tujuan intruksional Maka, keberhasilan suatu anak dilihat dari tujuan yang dibuat guru sebelum mengajar sebagai tolak ukur tingkat pencapaian anak, sebab setiap anak tingkat pencapaiannya berbeda dan perbedaaan tersebut terlihat saat kegiatan belajar mengajar berlangsung maupun secara kesimpulan penilaian yang dicapai siswa misal pada nilai ulangan harian. (Sudjana, 2011). Menurut Susanto (2013:5), untuk mengetahui hasil belajar yang dicapai telah sesuai atau tidak dengan tujuan yang dikehendaki dapat diketahui dengan evaluasi, evaluasi merupakan proses penggunaan informasi untuk membuat pertimbangan sebagai efektif suatu program telah memenuhi kebutuhan siswa. Selain itu, dengan dilakukannya evaluasi atau penilaian ini dapat dijadikan feedback atau tindakan lanjut, atau bahkan cara untuk mengatur tingkat penguasaan siswa. Hasil belajar yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini siswa dikatakan tuntas dalam pembelajaran jika siswa tersebut sudah memenuhi nilai yang ditentukan oleh guru atau berupa KKM, KKM yang digunakan peneliti yaitu 75.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 300, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun ciri hasil belajar menurut Mappeasse, 2010:4 sebagai berikut; 1) Kepuasan dan kebanggaan yang dapat menimbulkan motivasi belajar intensif pada diri siswa, 2) Menambah keyakinan untuk kemampuan dirinya, 3) Hasil belajar yang diperoleh siswa secara keseluruhan mencakup ranah kognitif, ranah afektif, dan ranah psikomotorik, 3) Kemampuan siswa untuk mengontrol, untuk menilai dan mengendalikan dirinya terutama dalam menilai hasil yang dicapainya maupun menilai dan mengendalikan proses dan usaha belajarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 388, "width": 123, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 401, "width": 443, "height": 128, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ditetapkan di MA Nurul Fata siswa kelas X. karena Belum diadakan penelitian sejenis sehingga memungkinkan adanya kerja sama yang baik. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan penelitian ex post facto . Peneliti ingin mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh antara variabel bebas dan variabel bebas terhadap variabel Y dengan menggunakan analisis data uji validitas, Uji reliabilitas, uji korelasi sederhana,pengujian hipotesis dan pengelolaan data (Sugiyono ,2015) Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling area (Sudaryono, 2017:86). Penentuan sampel menggunakan sampling jenuh (semua populasi digunakan sebagai sampel karena populasi yang digunakan <100 ). Data didapatkan berupa penyebaran angket untuk variabel aktivitas belajar dan pencatatan dokumen untuk nilai Ujian Nasional, sedangkan hasil belajar diambil daridokumen sekolah yaitu nilai rapot siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 442, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum data dianalisis, data yang telah terkumpul saat penelitian harus diolah terlebih dahulu kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk tabel untuk kepentingan analisa. Teknik pengelolaan data melalui editing, kording, tabulasi, sedangakan angket yang digunakan berupa angket tertutup (Arikunto 2013:278). Data merupakan unsur mutlak dalam penelitian, yang mana data tersebut masih harus di analisis menggunakan teknik tertentu sesuai dengan sifat data. Meskipun langkah penelitian dilakukan dengan baik, tetapi jika analisis datanya salah atau tidak relevan maka kesimpulan yang didapat tidak bisa di pertanggung jawabkan. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian berupa angka dan data kuantitatif maka peneliti menggunakan metode statistik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 145, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 658, "width": 445, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari Hasil penghitungan variabel aktivitas belajar dengan data diperoleh dari nilai angket yang diberikan kepada peserta didik sebagai responden penelitian berjumlah 20 pertanyaan dengan responden 48 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 696, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Nilai Angket Aktivitas Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 126, "top": 709, "width": 285, "height": 58, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Nilai Angket Aktivitas Belajar Kelas Interval Frekuesi (f) Nilai Tengah (Xi) Fi.Xi 33-36 2 34,5 69", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 126, "top": 121, "width": 284, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "37-40 7 38,5 269,5 41-44 12 42,5 510 45-48 6 46,5 279 49-52 4 50,5 202 53-56 8 54,5 436 57-60 9 58,5 526,5 Jumlah 48 325,5 2292", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai yang diperoleh siswa antara 41-44 sebanyak 12 siswa. Nilai paling sedikit diperoleh siswa antara 33-36 sebanyak 2 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 239, "top": 487, "width": 134, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Nilai Ujian Nasional", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 233, "top": 511, "width": 146, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Distribusi Nilai Ujian Nasional", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 160, "top": 533, "width": 281, "height": 125, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelas Interval Frekuensi (fi) Nilai Tengah ( Xi) Fi.Xi 20-30 4 25 100 31-41 2 36 72 42-52 10 47 470 53-63 5 58 290 64-74 6 69 414 75-85 13 80 1040 86-96 8 91 728 Jumlah 48 406 3114", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 682, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai ujian nasional SMP nilai terbanyak siswa nilai antara 42-52 sebanyak 10 siswa. Sedangkan nilai paling sedikit diperoleh siswa antara 31-41sebanyak 2 siswa dan Nilai terbanyak ketiga yaitu nilai 86-96 sebanyak 8 siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 425, "width": 239, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1. Histogram Nilai Angket Aktivitas Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 259, "width": 310, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Histogram Nilai Ujian Nasional", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 284, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai mean = 65, median = 66,5 dan nilai modus = 76,83 , nilai rata-rata 65 dan nilai tengah hasil pengamatan yaitu terletak di interval 66,5 dan nilai modus (angka yang sering muncul) terletak di interval 76,83.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 335, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Hasil Belajar", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 240, "top": 348, "width": 132, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Distribusi Hasil Belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 539, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dilihat dari nilai frekuensi di atas dapat diperoleh dari nilai rapot pada semester 1 mata pelajaran matematikadiketahui bahwa nilai terbanyak yang diperoleh siswa yaitu nilaiantara 75-76 sebanyak 26 siswa. Sedangkan nilai paling sedikit yang diperoleh siswa yaitu ada di nilaiantara 89-90 sebanyak 1 siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 758, "width": 188, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Histogram Nilai Raport Semester 1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 144, "top": 371, "width": 317, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kelas Interval Frekuensi (f) Xi Xi.Fi 75-76 26 75,5 1963 77-78 7 77,5 542,5 79-80 8 79,5 636 81-82 0 81,5 0 83-84 0 83,5 0 85-86 4 85,5 342 87-88 2 87,5 175 89-90 1 89,5 89,5 Jumlah 48 660 3748", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 124, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai mean, median, modus dengan analisis statistik didapat nilai mean = 78, median = 76,34 dan nilai modus = 75,65 dan nilai rata-rata sebesar 78, nilai tengah hasil pengamatan yaitu terletak di interval 66,5 dan nilai modus (angka yang sering muncul) terletak di interval 75,65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 162, "width": 443, "height": 128, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji realibitas digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat table nilai Koefesienal phacronbach d di atas sebesar 0,752 suatuvariabeldapat dikatakan reliabel apabila memiliki koefisien Cronbach„sAlpha lebih besar atau sama dengan 0,60 tetapi jika nilai Alpha<60% berarti ada beberapa responden yang menjawab tidak konsisten. maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa 0,752> 0,06 data reliabilitas. Dari penghitungaan korelasi didapat nilai sebesar 0,819 maka mempunyai hubungan kuat atau tinggi antara variabel (aktivitas belajar) dengan y (hasil belajar) dan untuk variabel Dari penghitungaan diatas didapat nilai korelasi sebesar 0,6734 maka mempunyai hubungan sedang atau cukup antara variabel ( nilai ujian nasional ) dengan y (hasil belajar) dan nilai korelasi sebesar 0,7560 maka mempunyai hubungan kuat atau tinggi antara variabel (aktivitas belajar) dengan (nilai ujian nasional) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koefisien Korelasi parsial merupakan angka yang menunjukkan arah dan kuatnya hubungan antara dua variabel atau lebih setelah satu variabel yang diduga dapat mempengaruhi hubungan variabel tersebut tetap/dikendalikan menurut sudaryono, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 333, "width": 352, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Koefisien korelasi antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Hasil Belajar (y), adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 479, "top": 333, "width": 48, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0,6403 dan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 348, "width": 421, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "didapat nilai dan daerah kritis db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 2,0141. Sehingga,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 362, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "> atau nilai terletak di daerah penolakan maka terdapat hubungan signifikan antara aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 88, "top": 388, "width": 351, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Koefisien korelasi antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Hasil Belajar (y), adalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 388, "width": 421, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0,1445 dan didapat nilai an daerah kritis db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 2,0141. Maka, tau nilai erletak didaerah penerimaan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 417, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sehingga, tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 443, "width": 371, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Koefisien Korelasi Antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Ujian Nasional ( , adalah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 497, "top": 443, "width": 30, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "0,4820", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 458, "width": 175, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sehingga dapat dihitung dan didapat nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 306, "top": 458, "width": 222, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dan daerah kritis db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 472, "width": 421, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2,0141 Maka, > atau nilai terletak didaerah penolakan sehingga, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 498, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koefisien korelasi ganda untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel secara bersama-sama maka menghasilkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 511, "width": 442, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "= 0,8231 maka selanjutnya dilakukan Koefisien korelasi antara Aktivitas Belajar ( dengan Ujian Nasional (", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 528, "width": 212, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": ", dan Hasil Belajar (y) adalah = 0,8231", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 546, "width": 442, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "sehingga, Nilai dan daerah kritis pada db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 3,20. Maka,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 560, "width": 409, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "> atau nilai hitung F terletak didaerah penolakan sehingga, terdapat hubungan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 578, "width": 378, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "yang signifikan antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 590, "width": 445, "height": 104, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Regresi berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dua variabel bebas atau lebih terhadap satu variabel terikat. Dalam penelitia ini terdapat dua variabel bebas yaitu aktivitas belajar, nilai ujian nasional dan satu variabel terikat yaitu hasil belajar siswa. Berdasarkan langkah- langkah yang telah dilakukaan ditas diperoleh nilai konstanta sebesar 59,1925, nilai variabel aktivitas belajar 0,3626 dan variabel nilai ujian nasional sebesar 0,0231 dengan persamaan regresi y=59,1925 +0,3626 + 0,0231 . Dengan nilai F Menentukan nilai kritis atau nilai tabel F dengan derajat kebebasan untuk d =k=2 dan d = n-k-1= 45 diperoleh tabel F= 3,20 maka > dengan demikian sehingga ada pengaruh Aktivitas Belajar dan Nilai Ujian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 442, "height": 50, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nasional Terhadap Hasil Belajar. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus analisis korelasi sederhana menghasilkan r y sebesar 0,819, yang apabila dikonsultasikan dengan tabel empiric maka variabel aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar ada hubungan yang kuat atau tinggi dan pada variabel nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar pada r y seberas 0,6734.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 443, "height": 197, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah diketahui hubungan antara masing-masing variabel langka selanjutnya yaitu mencari koefisien korelasi parsial untuk mengetahui kuatnya suatu hubungan setiap variabel dengan penghitungan t tabel sebesar 2,0141 dengan db=n-k-m=45, pada variabel aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar sebesar 5,5921 maka terletak dipenolakan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan pada variabel nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar didapat nilai sebesar 0,9796 maka terletak didaerah penerimaan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan sedangkan untuk variable aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional sebesar 3,6911 maka terletak dipenolakan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan, sehingga dari perhitungan tersebut dapat dilihat bahwa hubungan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar rendah bahkan secara parsial tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan berbeda dengan variabel aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar yang hubungannya tinggi. Hasil perhitungan dengan korelasi berganda dengan nilai sebesar 57,4422 dengan nilai dan daerah kritis pada db=n-k-1=45, dan =0,05 adalah 3,20. Maka, > atau nilai hitung F terletak didaerah penolakan sehingga, terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 311, "width": 443, "height": 136, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus analisis regresi bergandayang berfugsi untuk mengetahui pengaruh antar variable yaitu dengan nilai sebesar 47,2835 dengan derajat kebebasan untuk d =k=2 dan d = n-k-1= 45 dengan jumlah responden 48 siswa dan taraf signifikan 5% diperoleh tabel F=3,20 maka > dengan demikian sehingga ada pengaruh aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar dan diketahui persentase nilai pengaruhnya sebesar 67,75% didapat dari nilai hitung efektifitas garis regresi. Hasil analisis pada variabel aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar yaitu dilihat dari sumbangan efektifitas yaitu sebesar 0,5922 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar yaitu 59,22% dan pada variabel nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar yaitu 0,0853 dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar 8,53%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 77, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 442, "height": 123, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan semua data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian tentang pengaruh aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata tahun pelajaran 2017/2018, maka dapat diambil kesimpulan dari hasil pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan pengujian data bahwa aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar matematika siswa kelas X MA Nurul Fata dengan perhitungan awal menggunakan korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan tiap variable setelah diketahui hubungannya dilakukan analisis dengan regresi berganda dengan hasil penghitungan diketahui bahwa besar pengaruh aktivitas belajar dan nilai ujian nasional secara simultan sebesar 67,2%, sedangkan untuk pengaruh aktivitas belajar terhadap hasil belajar sebesar 59,22% dan pengaruh nilai ujian nasional sebesar 8,53% maka dapat disimpulkan hanya 32,35% faktor lain yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar yang belum diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 613, "width": 104, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 625, "width": 419, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abdul, H. 2012. “ Pengaruh Strategi Pembelajaran dan Gaya Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa SMPN 2 Secanggang Kabupaten Langkat”. Jurnal Tabularasa PPS Unimed . Vol.9 No.2 pp. 141-158.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ghazi Ghaith, Learner’s Perceptions Of Their STAD Cooperative Experience, Bairut, Lebanon, American Univesrsity Bairut, 2000.[ www. Elvesier. Com/Locate/System]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 688, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gunawan, A. 2016.\" Penerapan Strategi Sq4r Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Larutan PenyanggaBagi Peserta Didik Kelas Xi Ipa-1 Sma Negeri 1 Cepiring Semester 2 Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016\". Majalah Ilmiah Inspiratif , Vol.2 No.2.pp. 1-9.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 726, "width": 440, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ina, W. And Ninik, W. H . 2 0 16. ”Pengaruh Ujian Nasional (Nun) Dan Nilai Sekolah (Ns) Mata Pelajaran Matematika Smp Terhadap Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X Tgb Pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 38, "width": 382, "height": 7, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "EDUSAINTEK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Teknologi VOLUME 6. No. 1 Mei 2019 ISSN: 1858-005X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 781, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 106, "top": 112, "width": 419, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mata Pelajaran Mekanika Teknik Di Smk Negeri 3 Surabaya”. Jurnal Kajian Pendidikan Teknik Bangunan . Vol.1 No.1 pp. 118-127.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 137, "width": 443, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Intan, R. 2015. \"Ujian nasional dan pembudayaan siswa aktif belajar (Refleksi pasca putusan permendikbud no. 5 tahun 2015 tentang kriteria kelulusan peserta didik UN)\" . jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Dasar. Vol.2 No.2 pp. 1-6.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 173, "width": 442, "height": 25, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Juniati. 2009.“Peningkatan Aktivitas, Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik dengan Metode Sets di Kelas IXE SMP Negeri 3 Purworejo, Jawa Tengah Pada Konsep Energi dan Listrik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 201, "width": 242, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Berkala Fisik Indonesia. Vol. 2 No.1 pp.16-20.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 213, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kusuma, F. 2012. \"Implementasi Model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share untuk meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Akuntansi Siswa Kelas XI IPS 1 SMA Negeri 2 Wonosari\". Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi Indonesia ,Vol.x No.2 pp.43-63.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 251, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Laili,S., Arif,M., and Wakhid, A. 2012. “Peningkatan Aktivitas Belajar IPA Melalui Model Cooperative Script Pada Siswa SMP Negeri 1 Puring KebumenTahun Pelajaran 2011/2012”. Jurnal Radiaksi .Vol.1 No. 1 pp. 34-36.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 440, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lindarti. Achmad, A. and Raden, O. 2010. “Penerapan Pembelajaran Kooperatif Stad ( Student Teams Achievement Division ) dalamUpaya Meningkatkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 106, "top": 302, "width": 419, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HasilBelajar FisikaPadaKonsepOptika Geometris Kelas XSMA”. Jurnal Berkala Fisika Indonesia ”. Vol.2 No.2 pp.29-38.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 340, "width": 440, "height": 49, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Made, N., Dantes., and candiasa. 2013. ”Determinasi Nilai Ujian Nasional,Nilai Tes Prestasi Akademik Dan Nilai Rapor Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Siswa KelasX Sma Negeri2 Tabanan Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013 ”. e-Journal Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha”. 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Sudiarta, N. 2013. \"Kontribusi Tingkat Intelegensi, Nilai Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris SMP ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 443, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Minat Belajar Bahasa Inggris Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Bahasa Inggris Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri2AmlapuraTahunPelajaran2012/2013\"P rogramStudiAdministrasiPendidikan, Program PascasarjanaUniversitasPendidikanGanesha, Singaraja Indonesia . Vol.4 No.1 pp. 1-10. Surur,M. and Rike, N.U.U. 2017. \"Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning Menggunakan Index Card Macht Untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X\" . Jurnal Edutama . Vol.4 No.2 pp.11–18.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Susanto, A.D. 2016. \"STAD: Strategi Meningkatkan Nilai Ujian Nasional Bahasa Indonesia Peserta Didik Kelas XII AK 2 SMKN 1 Banyumas Semester Genap 2014/2015\". KhazanahPendidikan . Vol. X No. 1 pp. 1-12.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 645, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono, Metode Penelitian Pendidikan (Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D). Bandung, 2015, CV Alfabeta", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 670, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siagian, F.E.R. \"Pengaruh Minat dan Kebiasaan Belajar Siswa Terrhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika\". Jurnal Formatif. Vol.2 No.2 pp. 122-131.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 443, "height": 51, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tri, N. 2011. “Peningkatan Aktivitas Dan HasilBelajar Mata Diklat Produktif PemasaranDenganMenggunakan MetodeInkuiriPadaSiswa Kelas XiPemasaran SmkNegeri 02Purworejo SemesterGenap Tahun 2010/2011”. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pendidikan . Vol. 8 No.2 pp.193-205.", "type": "List item" } ]

1e90c27a-aa29-6e53-987d-203cfc654d01

https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative/article/download/8639/5902

[ { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 110, "top": 39, "width": 254, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INNOVATIVE: Journal Of Social Science Research Volume 4 Nomor 1 Tahun 2024 Page 6647-6657 E-ISSN 2807-4238 and P-ISSN 2807-4246", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 101, "width": 282, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Website: https://j-innovative.org/index.php/Innovative", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 76, "top": 147, "width": 448, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Pada Mata Pelajaran Pai Siswa Kelas Iii Sd Nanda Al-Manaf Deli Serdang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 190, "top": 212, "width": 218, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ahir Husein Dongoran 1 ✉ , Fuji Rahmadi, P 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 204, "top": 237, "width": 191, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mahasiswa Pasca Panca Budi Medan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 189, "top": 256, "width": 216, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Email: [email protected] 1 ✉", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 302, "width": 39, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 321, "width": 479, "height": 338, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field Research). Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di SD Nanda Al-Manaf. Untuk mendapatkan sumber data yang akurat peneliti langsung terjun ke lokasi penelitian untuk melakukan pengamatan observasi, kemudian melakukan wawancara kepada beberapa pihak untuk menemukan informasi yang akurat serta melakukan dokumentasi terkait pengamatan dan kegiatan yang terjadi di lapangan. Menganalisis data reduksi data melalui display data (penyajian data) setelah data direduksi maka langkah selanjutnya mendisplay data Penarikan Kesimpulan Meskipun pada reduksi data kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian Metode demonstrasi dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI). Faktor pendukung pembelajaran demonstrasi di sekolah antara lain tersedianya sarana dan prasarana yang cukup, kerja sama yang baik antara pihak sekolah dan orang tua siswa, minat belajar siswa yang tinggi, lingkungan belajar yang nyaman, konsistensi dalam belajar, dan keterlibatan dalam proses belajar . Beberapa faktor penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI antara lain: kurangnya motivasi siswa, kesiapan guru yang kurang, keterbatasan sarana dan prasarana, serta dukungan kepala sekolah yang tidak memadai.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 663, "width": 218, "height": 15, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci: Hasil Belajar, Metode Demonstrasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 278, "top": 39, "width": 42, "height": 14, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 60, "top": 58, "width": 479, "height": 319, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes through demonstration methods in PAI subjects of Grade III Students of SD Nanda Al-Manaf, Deli Serdang Regency. Supporting and inhibiting factors for improving student learning outcomes through demonstration methods in PAI subjects for grade III students of SD Nanda Al-Manaf, Deli Serdang Regency This research is a field research. The location of this research is at SD Nanda Al-Manaf. To obtain an accurate data source, researchers immediately jump into the research location to make observational observations, then conduct interviews with several parties to find accurate information and conduct documentation related to observations and activities that occur in the field. Analyzing data reduction data through data display (data presentation) after the data is reduced, the next step is to display the data Conclusion Drawing Although in the reduction of conclusion data. Research results The demonstration method can improve student learning outcomes in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subjects. Factors supporting demonstration learning in schools include the availability of sufficient facilities and infrastructure, good cooperation between the school and parents, high student interest in learning, a comfortable learning environment, consistency in learning, and involvement in the learning process. Some inhibiting factors in improving student learning outcomes through demonstration methods in PAI subjects include: lack of student motivation, lack of teacher readiness, limited facilities and infrastructure, and inadequate principal support.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 60, "top": 381, "width": 262, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Learning Outcomes, Demonstration Method", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 417, "width": 87, "height": 15, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 438, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendidikan merupakan usaha agar manusia dapat mengembangkan potensi dirinya melalui proses pembelajaran. Sesuai dengan Undang-undang Guru dan Dosen No.20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Pasal 3 yang menyatakan bahwa: Pendidikan bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertaqwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga Negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 583, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Peran aktif siswa sangat dibutuhkan dalam semua mata pelajaran termasuk dalam mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam, praktek pembelajaran Agama Islam yang terjadi di sekolah-sekolah saat ini lebih menekankan pada metode mengajar secara informatif yaitu guru menjelaskan atau ceramah dan siswa mendengarkan atau mencatat. Metode ceramah merupakan metode yang boleh dikatakan metode tradisional, karena sejak dulu metode ini telah dipergunakan sebagai alat komunikasi lisan antara guru dan siswa dalam proses belajar mengajar (Djamarah 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 729, "width": 470, "height": 35, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembelajaran dengan metode ceramah merupakan yang paling disenangi oleh guru karena metode ini paling mudah dilaksanakan. Komunikasi yang terjadi dalam proses", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ini umumnya satu arah yaitu dari guru kepada siswa sehingga pembelajaran terpusat pada apa yang disampaikan oleh guru (teacher centered). Pendidikan Agama Islam merupakan salah satu mata pelajaran wajib yang harus diikuti oleh peserta didik di sekolah. Hal ini sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasioanal No 20 Tahun 2003 Pasal 13 Butir a yang menyatakan bahwa “setiap peserta didik berhak mendapatkan pendidikan agama sesuai dengan agama yang dianutnya dan diajarkan oleh pendidik yang seagama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 184, "width": 470, "height": 182, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Guru agama sebagai praktisi pendidikan agama Islam perlu melakukan inovasi dan kreativitas sehingga tujuan pendidikan agama Islam dapat tercapai. Salah satu alternatif yang penulis lakukan di sekolah khususnya di kelas yang diteliti adalah penerapan metode demosntrasi. Metode ini merupakan metode dalam proses belajar mengajar yang dapat memberikan pengalaman langsung kepada peserta didik sehingga hasil belajar yang diperoleh peserta didik dapat tersimpan dalam waktu yang lama. Kenyataan ini sesuai dengan kata-kata mutiara yang diberikan oleh seorang filosofis kenamaan dari cina, Konfusius yang menyatakan bahwa : Apa yang saya dengar saya lupa Apa yang saya lihat saya ingat dan Apa yang saya lakukan saya paham", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 371, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pernyataan tersebut dikuatkan dengan hasil penelitian yang menyatakan bahwa belajar yang berhasil lahir dari melakukan atau mengerjakan sendiri.(Mujiono 2008) Dalam proses belajar mengajar khususnya pada materi shalat, metode demonstrasi sangat tepat digunakan, karena seorang guru tidak hanya mengandalkan informasi ilmu, tanpa hasil yang sesuai dengan kurikulum yang sudah ada. Guru yang profesional akan menuntut suatu hubungan integral antara keselarasan materi dan praktek yang sudah dijelaskan oleh guru terhadap peserta didik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 517, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Daradjat metode demonstrasi itu sendiri adalah metode yang menggunakan peragaan untuk memperjelas suatu pengertian atau untuk memperlihatkan bagaimana melakukan sesuatu kepada anak didik. Jadi metode demonstrasi, guru dan peserta didik memperlihatkan kepada seluruh anggota kelas tentang suatu proses, misalnya bagaimana cara shalat yang sesuai dengan ajaran Rasulullah SAW.(Daradjat, Zakiah 1996)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 620, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penggunaan metode demonstrasi diharapkan dapat memberikan pengaruh positif bagi peserta didik dan mampu meningkatkan prestasi belajar peserta didik. Prestasi belajar peserta didik menyebar, yang berarti ada prestasi belajar peserta didik itu tinggi dan ada pula yang rendah. Pada peningkatan prestasi belajar peserta didik bukan hanya peran guru yang dibutuhkan tetapi peserta didik sendirilah yang dituntut peran aktif dalam proses belajar mengajar. Salah satu hal yang penting dimiliki oleh peserta didik dalam meningkatkan prestasi belajarnya adalah penguasaan bahan pelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 119, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan temuan awal di sekolah Al-Manaf khusus mata pelajaran agama menarik untuk diteliti sebab melihat semangat dan hasil belajar siswa yang cukup baik terlihat dari keaktifan siswa dan kemampuan guru ketika mengajar. Inilah yang membuat saya sebagai peneliti tertarik untuk meneliti Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Materi Shalat Wajib Melalui Metode Demonstrasi Pada Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda AL- Manaf", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 184, "width": 114, "height": 15, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 470, "height": 140, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan (field Research) yaitu suatu penelitian yang dilakukan dalam kehidupan atau objek yang sebenarnya. Penelitian ini jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian kualitatif, yaitu penelitian yang digunakan untuk meneliti pada kondisi objek yang alamiah, di mana peneliti adalah sebagai instrument kunci, teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan secara triangulasi (penggabungan), analisis data bersifat induktif dan hasil penelitian kualitatif lebih menekankan makna daripada generalisasi.(Sugiyono 2014)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 350, "width": 469, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lokasi penelitian ini adalah di SD Nanda Al-Manaf. Untuk mendapatkan sumber data yang akurat peneliti langsung terjun ke lokasi penelitian untuk melakukan pengamatan observasi, kemudian melakukan wawancara kepada beberapa pihak untuk menemukan informasi yang akurat serta melakukan dokumentasi terkait pengamatan dan kegiatan yang terjadi di lapangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk dapat memperoleh data dan informasi dalam penelitian ini maka peneliti menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 496, "width": 466, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Observasi yaitu pengamatan dan pencatatan secarasistematis terhadap gejala yang tampak pada objek penelitian. Senada dengan itu, Asyari dalam Samsu menyatakan pula bahwa observasi adalah suatu pengamatan yang khusus dan pencatatan yang sistematis yang ditujukan pada satu atau beberapa fase masalah dalam rangka penelitian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 600, "width": 466, "height": 98, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Wawancara yaitu kegiatan tanya jawab yang dilakukan oleh pewawancara dengan orang yang akan diwawancara untuk memperoleh informasi dan data yang diinginkan demi kebutuhan penelitian. Wawancara digunakan sebagai teknik untuk mengumpulkan data dengan mengajukan beberapa pertanyaan kepada informan baik yang terstruktur maupun tidak berstruktur.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 703, "width": 466, "height": 57, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Dokumentasi yaitu mencari data mengenai hal-hal atau variable-variabel yang berupa caatatan, transkip, buku, surat kabar, majalah, prasasti, notulen rapat, lengger, agenda dan sebagainya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Miles dan Hubermen (dalam Nursapiah) menyatakan ada beberapa langkah yang dapat dilakukan untuk menganalisis data kualitatif, yakni:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 81, "width": 466, "height": 98, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Reduksi Data. Setelah data primer dan data skunder terkumpul dilakukan dengan memilah data, membuat tema-tema, mengkategorikan, memfokuskan data sesuai bidangnya, membuang menyusun data dalam suatu analisis, setelah itu baru pemeriksaan data kembali dan mengelompokkannya sesuai dengan masalah yang diteliti.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 184, "width": 469, "height": 119, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Display Data (Penyajian Data) Setelah data direduksi maka langkah selanjutnya mendisplay data. Dalam penelitian yang bersifat kualitatif, penyajian data dapat dilakukan dalam bentuk uraian singkat, bagan, hubungan antar kategori dan sejenisnya. Bentuk analisis ini dilakukan dengan menyajikan data dalam bentuk narasi, dimana peneliti menggambarkan hasil temuan data dalam bentuk uraian kalimat bagan, hubungan antar kategori yang sudah berurutan dan sistematis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 309, "width": 466, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Penarikan Kesimpulan Meskipun pada reduksi data kesimpulan sudah digambarkan, itu sifatnya belum permanen, masih ada kemungkinan terjadi tambahan dan pengurangan. Maka pada tahap ini kesimpulan sudah ditemukan sesuai dengan bukti-bukti data yang diperoleh di lapangan secara akurat dan factual..(Miles dan Hubermen 2020)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 239, "top": 413, "width": 141, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 434, "width": 469, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 475, "width": 470, "height": 160, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyajian pelajaran dengan meragakan atau mempertujukan kepada siswa suatu proses, situasi, atau benda tertentu yang sedang dipelajari, baik sebenarnya ataupun tiruan, yang sering disertai dengan penjelasan lisan. Metode demonstrasi merupakan metode yang efektif untuk memberikan gambaran kepada peserta didik tentang proses suatu kejadian atau perkara. Karena itu tidak semua materi ajar bisa disampaikan dengan menggunakan metode ini. Contohnya mata pelajaran yang sifatnya abstrak tentu sangat sulit menngunakan metode demonstrasi. Misalnya ilmu filsafat, balaghoh dan lain sebaginya. Dalam hasil wawancara dengan guru agama Islam sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 641, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan melakukan demonstrasi terhadap siswa maka siswa akan lebih mudah menempatkan teori yang disampaikan oleh guru dan di sini akan dilakukan latihan untuk mempraktekkan apa yang baru saja didemonstrasikan oleh guru sehingga siswa dapat lebih memahami dan mengerti dan dapat berkesan pada setiap siswa (Nani Armaini, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 724, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari penjelasan di atas dapat dipahami bahwa Demonstrasi yang dilakukan oleh guru dalam memberikan pemahaman materi khususnya Pendidikan Agama Islam pada siswa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dapat lebih mudah dimengerti dan ditangkap oleh siswa yang mana siswa tersebut dapat melakukannya dengan beberapa kali selain hal tersebut peneliti juga melakukan wawancara dengan salah satu kepala sekolah yaitu bapak hasil Amin dengan hasil wawancara sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 122, "width": 469, "height": 119, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode dalam melakukan pengajaran sesungguhnya ada beberapa bagian bentuk lainnya namun metode demonstrasi sebagai salah satu pembelajarannya efektif bagi materi pendidikan agama Islam khususnya pada sekolah Almanaf ini Karena dengan demikian anak akan lebih mudah melakukannya secara praktis dan dapat menyerap di mana siswa atau anak-anak lebih cenderung untuk meniru sebuah perbuatan apa yang disampaikan oleh gurunya (Nazrial Amin)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 247, "width": 469, "height": 202, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari penjelasan tersebut di atas dapat dipahami bahwa dengan penjelasan yang dilakukan oleh guru anak-anak dari cenderung untuk meniru daripada apa yang dipraktikkan gurunya di sekolah. Menurut Nana Sudjana hasil belajar adalah suatu akibat dari proses belajar dengan menggunakan alat pengukuran yaitu berupa tes yang disusun secara sistematis, baik tes tertulis, tes lisan, maupun tes perbuatan(Nana 2007) . Sedangkan Nasution berpendapat bahwa hasil belajar adalah suatu perubahan pada individu yang belajar, tidak hanya mengenai pengetahuan tetapi juga membentuk kecakapan dan penghayatan dalam diri pribadi individu yang belajar. Jadi hasil belajar adalah adalah hasil yang diperoleh peserta didik setelah mengikuti suatu materi tertentu dari mata pelajaran yang berupa data kualitatif maupun kuantitatif.(Nasution 2005)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 469, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk melihat hasil belajar dilakukan suatu penilaian terhadap peserta didik yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah peserta didik telah menguasai suatu materi atau belum.(Nana 2007) pada umumnya dikelompokkan ke dalam tiga kategori yaitu aspek kognitif, aspek afektif dan psikomotor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 537, "width": 96, "height": 15, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Aspek Kognitif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 558, "width": 469, "height": 202, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bloom (1956) dalam Suryabrata aspek kognitif terdiri atas enam kategori yaitu (a) ingatan, artinya mengacu kepada kemampuan mengenal atau mengingat materi yang sudah dipelajari, (b) pemahaman, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan memahami makna materi, (c) penerapan, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan menerapkan materi yang sudah dipelajari untuk diterapkan pada kehidupan sehari-hari, (d) analisis, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan mengurai materi kedalam komponen- komponen penyebabnya, dan mampu memahami hubungan di antara bagian yang satu dengan lainnya, (e) sintetis, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan memadukan konsep atau komponen sehingga membentuk suatu pola struktur, (f) evaluasi, artinya penilaian mengacu pada kemampuan memberikan pertimbangan terhadap nilai-nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 83, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "materi tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 60, "width": 86, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Aspek afektif", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 81, "width": 448, "height": 98, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Krathwohn (1964) aspek afektif terbagi menjadi kategori sebagai berikut: (a) penerimaan, penilaian mengacu pada kesukarelaan kemampuan memperhatikan dan memberikan respon terhadap simulasi yang tepat, (b) pemberian respon, artinya penilaian satu tingkat diatas penerimaan, (c) penilaian, artinya penilaian mengacu pada nilai.(Miftahurrohmah 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 184, "width": 121, "height": 15, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Aspek Psikomotorik", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 205, "width": 449, "height": 181, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dave (1970) dalam Suryabrata mengemukakan bahwa aspek psikomotor terbagi menjadi lima kategori sebagai berikut: (a) peniruan, terjadi pada saat peserta didik mengamati suatu gerakan, mulai memberi respon serupa dengan yang diamati, (b) manipulasi, artinya menekankan perkembangan kemampuan mengikuti pengarahan, penampilan, gerakan- gerakan melalui latihan. (c) ketetapan, artinya memerlukan kecermatan, proporsi dan kepastian yang lebih tinggi dalam penampilan, (d) artikulasi, artinya menekankan koordinasi suatu rangkaian gerakan dengan membuat urutan yang tepat dan mecapai yang diharapkan atau konsistensi internal di antara gerakan yang berbeda.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 392, "width": 449, "height": 119, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode mangajar merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dan sering dijadikan bahan pembicaraan dalam dunia pendidikan. Dalam kamus Bahasa Indonesia, metode adalah cara yang telah diatur dan difikir baik-baik untuk mencapai suatu maksud. Metode mangajar merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dan sering dijadikan bahan pembicaraan dalam dunia pendidikan. Dalam kamus Bahasa Indonesia, metode adalah cara yang telah diatur dan difikir baik-baik untuk mencapai suatu maksud.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 517, "width": 449, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode adalah cara yang digunakan untuk mengimplementasikan rencana yang sudah disusun dalam kegiatan nyata agar tujuan yang telah disusun tercapai secara optimal. Dengan demikian, metode dalam rangkaian system pembelajaran memegang peran yang sangat penting.(Meldawati 2021)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 96, "top": 600, "width": 449, "height": 77, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sanjaya, mengemukakan bahwa demonstrasi adalah cara penyajian pelajaran dengan memperagakan dan mempertunjukkan pada peserta didik tentang suatu proses, situasia atau benda tertentu yang sedang dipelajari baik dalam bentuk sebenarnya maupun dalam bentuk tiruan yang dipertunjukkan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 683, "width": 448, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "guru atau sumber belajar lain yang ahli dalam topik bahasan yang harus didemonstrasikan.(Wina 2005).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 470, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 101, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor yang pertama yaitu faktor pendukung dalam melakukan pembelajaran melalui demontrasi adalah,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 143, "width": 185, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Dapat memfokuskan pengajaran", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 164, "width": 313, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wawancara dengan guru faktor pendukung antara lain yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 184, "width": 455, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam melakukan proses pembelajaran anak lebih fokus pada apa yang disampaikan oleh guru di mana anak tersebut memperoleh praktek yang langsung dari guru atau dengan anak-anak yang disuruh untuk mempraktekkan di depan kelas sehingga anak- anak dapat terpusat pada pembelajaran melalui demonstrasi hal ini disampaikan oleh guru yang bernama (Nani Al mumini S.Pd)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 288, "width": 469, "height": 140, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Dapat merangsang siswa untuk lebih aktif dalam mengikuti kegiatan belajar mengajar. Dalam melakukan wawancara peneliti melakukan wawancara kepada salah satu guru Pendidikan agama Islam yaitu Ahmad Rizky Nasution dimana faktor pendukung dari pelaksanaan metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam diantaranya bahwa dengan melakukan demonstrasi Siswa lebih aktif untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dan sehingga mereka akan lebih mudah untuk mengingatnya (Ahmad Rizki nasution, S.Pd, 2023)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 454, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Proses pengajaran lebih menarik antara teori dengan kenyataan dan mencoba melakukannya sendiri.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 496, "width": 452, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam memperoleh data terkait hasil wawancara dengan kepala sekolah, sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 517, "width": 455, "height": 98, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Proses pembelajaran yang dilakukan dengan cara mempraktekkan di dalam ruangan maka anak akan menjadi antusias untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dan lebih menarik karena mereka terfokus pada pembelajaran yang diberikan secara praktek sehingga akan memusatkan perhatian dan akan lebih tertarik untuk mengikuti proses pembelajaran di dalam kelas sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai (Nazrial amin, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 620, "width": 455, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ada berbagai factor yang mempengruhi proses dan hasil belajar siswa di sekolah yang secara garis besarnya dapat dibagi dalam dua bagian yaitu faktor internal dan faktor eksternal siswa(Rusman 2012)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 107, "top": 683, "width": 81, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor Eksternal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 110, "top": 703, "width": 86, "height": 15, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor Sekolah", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 724, "width": 420, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lingkungan sekolah sangat diperlukan untuk menentukan keberhasilan belajar siswa. Hal yang paling mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 125, "top": 39, "width": 420, "height": 57, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "para siswa di sekolah mencakup metode mengajar, kurikulum, relasi guru dengan siswa, relasi siswa dengan siswa, pelajaran waktu sekolah, tata tertib atau disiplin yang ditegakkan secara konsekuen dan konsisten.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 101, "width": 159, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor Lingkungan Keluarga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 125, "top": 122, "width": 426, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor lingkungan rumah atau keluarga ini merupakan lingkungan pertama dan utama pula dalam menentukan keberhasilan belajar seseorang. Suasana lingkungan rumah yang cukup tenang, adanya perhatian orang tua terhadap perkembangan proses belajar dan pendidikan anak-anakny maka akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajarnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 161, "top": 226, "width": 160, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor Lingkungan Masyarakat", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 125, "top": 247, "width": 420, "height": 77, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Seseorang siswa hendaknya dapat memilih lingkungan masyarakat yang dapat menunjang keberhasilan belajar. Masyarakat merupakan faktor eksternal yang juga berpengaruh terhadap belajar siswa karena keberadaannya dalam masyarakat.(Miftahurrohmah 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 330, "width": 94, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor Internal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 350, "width": 161, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Faktor biologis ( Jasmaniah )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 371, "width": 434, "height": 140, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keadaan jasmani yang perlu diperhatikan, pertama kondisi fisik yang normal atau tidak memiliki cacat sejak dalam kandungan sampai sesudah lahir. Kondisi fisik normal ini terutama harus meliputi keadaan otak, panca indera, anggota tubuh. Kedua, kondisi kesehatan fisik. Kondisi fisik yang sehat dan segar sangat mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar. Di dalam menjaga kesehatan fisik, ada beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain makan dan minum yang teratur, olahraga serta cukup tidur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 517, "width": 104, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Faktor Psikologis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 110, "top": 537, "width": 434, "height": 98, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Faktor psikologis yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan belajar ini meliputi segala hal yang berkaitan dengan kondisi mental seseorang. Kondisi mental yang dapat menunjang keberhasilan belajar adalah kondisi. Dengan memperhatikan faktor- faktor tersebut diharapkan dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar seseorang dan dapat mencegah siswa dari penyebab-penyebab terhambatnya pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 662, "width": 470, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun faktor penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa melalui metode demonstrasi pada mata pelajaran PAI Siswa Kelas III SD Nanda Al-Manaf Kab. Deli Serdang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 703, "width": 473, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam memperoleh hasil tentang faktor penghambat peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang dilakukan pada bagian ini di mana peneliti melakukan hasil wawancara sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 745, "width": 441, "height": 15, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran yang memerlukan alat-alat peraga dimana masih", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "terdapat minimnya alat-alat yang digunakan guru untuk melakukan demonstrasi seperti kelengkapan fokus yang memadai dan peraga lainnya (Nazrial amin, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 81, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari ungkapan di atas dapat dipahami bahwa peralatan yang tersedia pada sekolah ini belum maksimal sehingga perlu adanya pengadaan yang lebih lengkap sehingga memudahkan guru untuk melakukan pembelajaran pertama dalam demonstrasi sedangkan tersebut penentu juga melakukan wawancara dengan salah satu guru yaitu ibu Nani Al maini S.Pd dengan Rasulullah wawancara sebagai berikut bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 184, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Alat yang digunakan dalam melakukan peragaan itu sangat penting dan kadang kala guru sedang mengalami kendala seperti ketersediaan media maupun alat peraga lainnya (Nani Al maini S.Pd, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 247, "width": 469, "height": 35, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain ungkapan di atas bahwa potensi juga melakukan wawancara dengan salah satu guru bernama Bapak Ahmad Rizky Nasution SPD menyatakan bahwa", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 288, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dukungan dari orang tua menjadi salah satu faktor penting untuk memberikan semangat serta motivasi terhadap anak agar anak-anak diantar serta mendapatkan dukungan untuk tetap mengikuti proses pembelajaran dengan baik", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 350, "width": 470, "height": 182, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan demikian bahwa pembelajaran yang dilakukan harus mendapatkan dukungan dari orang tua agar anak dapat belajar dengan sungguh-sungguh serta memiliki cita-cita yang nantinya menjadi salah satu kebanggaan dari keluarga. Perkembangan manusia, belajar merupakan faktor penentu proses perkembangan berupa pengetahuan, sikap, keterampilan, nilai, reaksi, keyakinan, dan lain-lain tingkah laku yang dimiliki manusia adalah diperoleh melalui belajar(Sabri, 2007). Secara kuantitatif belajar berarti kegiatan pengisian atau pengembangan kemampuan kognitif dengan fakta yang sebanyak- banyaknya. Secara institusional belajar dipandang sebagai proses validasi ( pengabsahan) terhadap penguasaan peserta didik atas materi- materi yang telah diajarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 537, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan menurut Hilgard dan Bower sebagaimana dikutip oleh Ngalim Purwanto menjelaskan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 579, "width": 469, "height": 77, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Belajar berhubungan dengan perubahan tingkah laku seseorang terhadap sesuatu situasi tertentu yang disebabkan oleh pengalamannya yang berulang-ulang dalam situasi itu, dimana perubahan tingkah laku itu tidak dapat dijelaskan atas dasar kecendrungan respon pembawaan, kematangan, atau keadaan- keadaan seseorang”. (Purwanto, 2010)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 662, "width": 470, "height": 98, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Dimyati dan Mudjino, hasil belajar merupakan hal yang dapat dipandang dari dua sisi yaitu sisi siswa dan dari sisi guru. Dari sisi siswa hasil belajar merupakan tingkat perkembangan mental yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan pada saat sebelum belajar. Tingkat perkembangan mental tersebut terwujud pada jenis-jenis ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Sedangkan dari sisi guru, hasil belajar merupakan saat terselesaikannya bahan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 791, "width": 246, "height": 14, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright @ Ahir Husein Dongoran, Fuji Rahmadi, P", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 75, "top": 39, "width": 134, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pelajaran.(Mujiono, 2008)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 60, "width": 469, "height": 98, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Oemar Hamalik hasil belajar adalah bila seseorang telah belajar akan terjadi perubahan tingkah laku pada orang tersebut, misalnya dari tidak tahu menjadi tahu, dan dari tidak mengerti menjadi mengerti.(Hamalik, 2006) Bloom merumuskan hasil belajar sebagai perubahan tingkah laku yang meliputi domain ( ranah ) kognitif. Ranah afektif, dan ranah psikomotorik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 261, "top": 184, "width": 98, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 205, "width": 435, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daradjat, Zakiah, Dkk. 1996. “Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, Cet. III.” In . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 226, "width": 469, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Djamarah, Syaiful Bahri. 2006. “Guru Dan Anak Didik Dalam Interaksi Edukatif.” In .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 247, "width": 149, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yogyakarta: PT Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 267, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Meldawati. 2021. “MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PAI MATERI SALAT DENGAN METODE DEMONSTRASI SISWA KELAS III SDN MUARA MARUWEI II.” Fakultas Tarbiyah Dan Ilmu Keguruan (FTIK) Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Palangka Raya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 330, "width": 469, "height": 57, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Miftahurrohmah, Siti Fatimah. 2022. “UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PEMAHAMAN SISWA MATERI SHALAT PADA MATA PELAJARAN PAI MELALUI METODE DEMONSTRASI SISWA KELAS VII SMP ISLAM ULIL ALBAB.” Urnal Kajian Pendidikan Agama Islam.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 392, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Miles dan Hubermen. 2020. “Penelitian Kualitatif.” In . Medan:Wal Ashri Publishing: Wal Ashri Publishing.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 434, "width": 435, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mujiono, Dimyati. 2008. “Belajar Dan Pembelajaran.” In . Jakarta: PT. Grafika Aditama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 454, "width": 469, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nana, Sudjana. 2007. ““Media Pengajaran Penggunaan Dan Pembuatannya.” In . Bandung:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 475, "width": 276, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "“Med ia pengajaran penggunaan dan pembuatannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 496, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nasution, M.A. 2005. “Berbagai Pendekatan Dalam Proses Belajar Mengajar.” In . Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 537, "width": 469, "height": 36, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Rusman. 2012. “Belajar Dan Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer Mengembangkan Profesionalisme Guru Abad 2.” In . Bandu ng: LFABETA.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 578, "width": 406, "height": 16, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sugiyono. 2014. Memahami Penelitian Kualitatif, (Bandung Alfabeta, 2014), H.1.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 600, "width": 469, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wina, Sanjaya. 2005. “Pembelajaran Dalam Implementasi Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 620, "width": 120, "height": 15, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In . Bandung: Kencana.", "type": "List item" } ]

cfc96638-2ea4-703e-7323-cd80280d459e

https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jjom/article/download/20407/7193

[ { "left": 128, "top": 111, "width": 340, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 208, "top": 168, "width": 178, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yogi Anggara 1 , Arif Munandar 1,*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 199, "width": 394, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences,UIN Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 227, "width": 249, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding author. Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 154, "top": 36, "width": 288, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JAMBURA JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 171, "top": 55, "width": 254, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jambura J. Math. Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 419–430, August 2023 Journal Homepage: http://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/jjom DOI: https://doi.org/10.34312/jjom.v5i2.20407", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 277, "width": 53, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 299, "width": 414, "height": 142, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN is a type of artificial neural network used to handle problems that require sequential data processing. ANFIS is a method that combines the advantages of fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks to create a system, so can adapt the parameters it uses according to the obtained data so that it can build an automated inference system. In this research, we make combination of RNN in ANFIS, which makes ANFIS able to accept input in the form of time series data so that ANFIS can recognize patterns contained in the time series data and its suitable for forecasting cases in the Jakarta Islamic Index. The membership functions used are three Gaussian functions. The results of the RNN-ANFIS Hybrid model training provide an interpretation that the first membership function represents the trend change indicator value, the second membership function represents the closing price change value in the last eight days, and the third membership function represents the pattern change value in the trend. The model for the Jakarta Islamic Index provides very good predictions with an MSE value of 0.001 and an MAE of 0.246.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 449, "width": 47, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 462, "width": 269, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN-ANFIS; Neural Network; Fuzzy Logic; Jakarta Islamic Index", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 91, "top": 480, "width": 65, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Citation Style:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 91, "top": 499, "width": 414, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar, ”Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index”, Jambura J. Math. , vol. 5, No.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 370, "top": 511, "width": 135, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2, pp. 419–430, 2023, doi:", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 91, "top": 523, "width": 185, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/10.34312/jjom.v5i2.20407", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 554, "width": 75, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 571, "width": 425, "height": 120, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the 20th century, a new concept founded in mathematical logic named as fuzzy logic, which developed by Lotfi A. Zadeh in 1965 [1]. Fuzzy logic is a system of logic that allows level of truth that is not only worth right or wrong, but also value between right and wrong. Unlike Boolean logic where an approach to computing only based on “true of false”, fuzzy logic using an approach to computing base on “degrees of truth”. Because of this ability, fuzzy logic is able to make the system’s capabilities on the sensor to be smoother. For example, an automatic brightness sensor on a device, fuzzy logic is able to determine what percentage of the brightness level on the device based on the level of light intensity, whether the environment is dark, bright, very bright or other types.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 425, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the early 1990s Jang on research [2] and [3] created an artificial neural network based on the Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy inference system [4], named with the Adaptive", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 87, "top": 740, "width": 353, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2656-1344 c 2023 Y. Anggara, A. Munandar | Under the license CC BY-NC 4.0 Received: 2023-06-12 | Revised: 2023-07-31 | Accepted: 2023-08-05 | Published: 2023-08-07", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 419 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 146, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS). ANFIS has ability to adjust the problems it faces and improve its predictive ability constantly. Since that time, ANFIS become one of the most popular methods for solving uncertain problems by using artificial neural networks. ANFIS has been widely used in various fields, such as control systems, classifications, pattern recognitions or forecasting and other fields. Applications in the field of control systems can be found in [5], while [6] given detail application of control non linear systems. Applications in the field of classifications can be seen in research [7], while [8] make an detail on electromyogram (EMG) signal. Applications for the field of pattern recognitions or forecasting can be found on [9, 10]. ANFIS is constantly evolving and optimized to be one of the best methods for resolving uncertain problems by using artificial neural networks.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 252, "width": 425, "height": 187, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is a type of neural network that has ability to remember past information and use it to making decisions in the future. RNN was first introduced by Sepp Hochreiter and Jurgen Schmidhuber in 1997 through his research in [11]. Before the advent of RNN, neural networks could only process incoming information linearly, without regard to past information. This limits the ability of neural networks to understand contextual information, such as language, music, or data patterns that have a relationship with data in the past. To solve this problem, Hochreiter and Schmidhuber developed the concept of a neural network that can remember past information through a unit called a ”hidden state”. This hidden state is a type of memory that can be read and written by neural networks, so that the network can use past information as a basis for processing new information. With the presence of RNN, neural networks begin to be able to understand contextual information better and predict future events more accurately, some research that use RNN can be found in [12–15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 447, "width": 425, "height": 174, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Inspired by several research that use hybrid methods by combining some methods such as [16], [17] or [18] and look the potential of RNN and ANFIS, we see that this can be an opportunity to create a hybrid model between RNN and ANFIS. RNN that is able to process input data in the form of sequential data allows ANFIS to learn the fuzzy set membership function automatically on input data in the form of time-series data. This is very helpful for the prediction process, especially in data where future values are influenced by past data patterns such as stocks. In this research, we already implemented RNN-ANFIS in the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII). JII is an index for Sharia stocks in Indonesia, where the value of JII is able to project the movement of Sharia stock prices as a whole. In this research, we use data from the Jakarta Islamic Idex from January 6, 2020 to December 9, 2022, and the output data that will be predicted is the close price data one day ahead. Hopefully, this research can help investors who want to invest in Sharia stock instruments.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 656, "width": 425, "height": 39, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This reseach used a method that combined RNN and ANFIS models. The obtained model is then used to predict stock data from the Jakarta Islamic Index. Details of the data used along with the RNN and ANFIS models are presented as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 712, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.1. Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The data used in this resach is secondary data derived from the Yahoo Finance website [19]. The data was taken in the range of January 6, 2020 to December 9, 2022. Input data", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 420 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 96, "width": 425, "height": 41, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "on the model is the first eight lags of open price ( X 1 = { x 1,1 , x 1,2 ,. . ., x 1,8 } ) , height price ( X 2 = { x 2,1 , x 2,2 ,. . ., x 2,8 } ) , low price ( X 3 = { x 3,1 , x 3,2 ,. . ., x 3,8 } ) , and close price ( X 4 = { x 4,1 , x 4,2 ,. . ., x 4,8 } ) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 149, "width": 353, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Data of Jakarta Islamic Index January 6, 2020 – December 9, 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 169, "width": 263, "height": 77, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Date Open High Low Close 1 January 6, 2020 695.98 696.95 689.07 690.06 2 January 7, 2020 691.17 693.78 686.57 692.54 3 January 8, 2020 688.33 688.95 683.72 685.01 4 January 9, 2020 687.79 691.38 686.54 691.38 .. . .. . .. .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 167, "top": 228, "width": 262, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": ".. . .. . .. . 715 December 6, 2022 599.75 599.75 585.02 587.89 716 December 7, 2022 587.89 590.54 584.51 590.34 717 December 8, 2022 590.18 592.36 579.08 592.36 718 December 9, 2022 592.36 592.36 581.42 583.93", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 308, "width": 425, "height": 66, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1 is JII data for January 6 2020 to December 9 2022. For example, based on this table, the first input for an open price is X 1 = { 695.98, 691.17, 688.33, 687.79, . . . } , the first input for a high price is X 2 = { 696.95, 693.78, 688.95, 691.38, . . . } , the first input for a low price is X 3 = { 689.07, 686.57, 688.95, 691.38, . . . } , and the first input for a close price is X 4 = { 690.06, 692.54, 685.01, 691.38, . . . } .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 392, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.2. Recurrent Neural Network (RNN)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 426, "height": 147, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Recurrent neural networks or RNN are a family of neural networks used to process sequential data [20]. The way recurrent neural networks work is similar to the convolution layer, the difference is that the convolution layer generally used to process input data sets in the form of images, while recurrent neural networks are used to process value sets such as x ( 1 ) , ..., x ( h ) [21]. The symbol x ( 1 ) , ..., x ( h ) are element of R d , where d is the number of features. RNN has a unique characteristic, namely that its architecture has at least one feedbackloop, so it can store data in its network structure, thus the performance of RNN in making predictions depends on its weight and architecture [22]. Another uniqueness of RNN is the presence of a feedback connection that carries noise information from the previous input and can be accommodated for the next input [23]. Mathematically RNN can be written as follows [21]:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 587, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a ( t ) = b + W h ( t − 1 ) + U x ( t ) ∈ R h (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 229, "top": 607, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h ( t ) = tanh a ( t ) ∈ ( − 1, 1 ) h (2)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 230, "top": 629, "width": 281, "height": 14, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "o ( t ) = c + V h ( t ) ∈ R h (3)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 229, "top": 649, "width": 282, "height": 16, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b y ( t ) = softmax o ( t ) ∈ ( 0, 1 ) h (4)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 425, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The parameters consist of the bias vectors b , c ∈ R h along with the weight matrices U ∈ R h × d , V , W ∈ R h × h . Each of those equations above represent connection between input-to-hidden, hidden-to-output, and hidden-to-hidden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 734, "width": 425, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1 is an illustration of how the RNN calculation process occurs, where the output value from the previous period’s RNN calculation will be forwarded to the RNN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 421 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 361, "width": 251, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Illustration of the RNN architecture works", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 392, "width": 426, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "calculation in the next period. The above system of equations is an example of a network that continuously maps input sequences to output sequences of the same length. The total loss for a set of x values paired with a set of y values will be the sum of the losses across all time steps. For example, if L ( t ) is the logarithmic values of the negative probability y ( t ) with the input data x ( 1 ) , ..., x ( t ) , then mathematically the equation is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 499, "width": 397, "height": 54, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "L { x ( 1 ) , . . . , x ( t ) } , { y ( 1 ) , . . . , y ( t ) } = ∑ t L ( t ) = − ∑ t log p model y ( t ) { x ( 1 ) , . . . , x ( t ) } . (5)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 573, "width": 425, "height": 43, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this case, the model i.e. p model y ( t ) x ( 1 ) , . . . , x ( t ) is obtained by reading the y ( t ) entry from the model output vector b y ( t ) in equation (4). For a simple form of RNN, the model is condensed into equation (1) only [24].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 242, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2.3. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 425, "height": 106, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANFIS is a fuzzy inference system consisting of artificial neuron network algorithms and fuzzy logic that can be used to solve complex nonlinear problems. The ANFIS architecture, namely the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system, is a fuzzy inference system implemented in the form of an adaptive network. Using hybrid learning methods, ANFIS can build input-output mappings based on fuzzy if-then rules formed by human knowledge and established input-output data pairs [25]. This system can be divided into two groups, first group consisting of neural networks with fuzzy weights and fuzzy activation functions, and the second group consisting of neural", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 422 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "networks with inputs formed into fuzzy sets in the first or second layer, but the weights on those neural networks are not formed into fuzzy sets [26].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 130, "width": 425, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Functionally ANFIS has the same architecture as the Fuzzy rule base model Sugeno. The architecture of ANFIS is also same as the neural networks with radial functions and certain limitations. ANFIS can be thought as a method that uses learning algorithms against a set of data to adjust rules, so ANFIS also allows those rules to adapt. For examples, 4 input data are given namely x 1 , x 2 , x 3 , x 4 , and the fuzzy membership set of each input data is 3. If the membership function of input data uses the Gaussian function, then mathematically ANFIS can be written as follows [27]:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 170, "top": 250, "width": 341, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "π ij ( x i ) = N ( x i | µ , σ ) = 1 σ √ 2 π exp − 1 2 x i − µ σ 2 ! (6)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 194, "top": 288, "width": 317, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "w i = 3 ∏ j = 1 π ij (7)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 194, "top": 324, "width": 317, "height": 36, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "w i = w i 4 ∑ j = 1 w j ! − 1 (8)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 186, "top": 366, "width": 325, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "w i f i = w i 4 ∑ j = 1 a j x j + b j (9)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 197, "top": 403, "width": 313, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "O = 4 ∑ i = 1 w i f i (10)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 425, "height": 79, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Equation (6) is a fuzzification layer where each neuron adapts to the activation parameters. Each neuron generates a membership degree using a Gaussian function as the input membership function. This equation is the first layer in Figure 2. Equation (7) is a layer consisting of fixed neurons which is the product of all input values. Usually the AND operator is used. The result of this calculation is called the firing strength of a rule. Each neuron represents rule i .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 228, "top": 749, "width": 139, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2. ANFIS architecture", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 423 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 146, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This equation is the second layer in Figure 2. Equation (8) is a layer consisting of neurons which aims to calculate the ratio of the i-th firing strength ( w i ) to the total firing strength in the second layer. The result of this calculation is called normalized firing strength. This equation is the third layer in Figure 2. Equation (9) is a layer consisting of neurons that are adaptive to certain outputs. The calculation results for this layer involve the normalized firing strength ( w i ) of the third layer, as well as the p i , q i , and r i parameters of the neurons. These parameters are usually called consequent parameters. This equation is the fourth layer in Figure 2. Equation (10) is a layer consisting of a single neuron that produces the sum of all outputs in the fourth layer. In this model, what will be trained are the a j weight, b j bias and the parameters of gausian function µ and σ . The output result is the entire summation of equation to equation (9).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 133, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 138, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1. RNN-ANFIS Architecture", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 425, "height": 133, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, RNN was used as a layer to study trend patterns of input data in the form of time-series data, namely the first eight lags at open price, height price, low price, and close price.Furthermore, the RNN layer will provide one output value for each input data which is a representation of the pattern on the trend. The output value is then processed on ANFIS to forecast the close price one day ahead. The modeling in this research used the TensorFlow library available on the Python language, while the program code for the ANFIS architecture used code from previous research conducted by Lenhard [28]. We modified the code so that ANFIS can receive output values from RNN and carry out the RNN and ANFIS training process simultaneously. The relationships between the layers are represented on the plot in Figure 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 214, "top": 704, "width": 168, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 3. RNN-ANFIS architecture", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 728, "width": 307, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The steps for RNN-ANFIS model in this research are as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 748, "width": 344, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Scale each input data using a min-max scaler to have the same range", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 424 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 99, "top": 97, "width": 412, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Convert data into the form of supervised learning, which is to have input and output data, then divide the data into two parts, namely 90% for training data and validation data for the training process, and the remaining 10% for test data.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 137, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Define the RNN-ANFIRIS architecture.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 151, "width": 331, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Train the model using the Stochastic Gradient Descent Algorithm.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 99, "top": 164, "width": 412, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Evaluate the model using Means Squared Error (MSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). If the model is still not good, go back to step c.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 173, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2. Application of RNN-ANFIS on JII", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 425, "height": 51, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this reseach, the training process was carried 25 epochs, and each epoch consisted of 25 batches. In Figure 4, although the MSE change value looks not stable, the model is overall able to lower the MSE value. This shows that the RNN-ANFIS training process is good enough.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 469, "width": 293, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 4. Plot MSE values of RNN-ANFIS training per epoch", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 494, "width": 425, "height": 65, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Figure 5, the overall magnitude of the MAE decrease is not as significant as in the MSE decrease. This may be because MAE basically uses the absolute value of error, while MSE uses the square of error. Base on this reason when the error value is less than one, the error value of MSE tends to be smaller. However, the MAE value still decreases with each addition of epoch.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 749, "width": 297, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 5. Plot MAE values of RNN-ANFIS training per epoch", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 425 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The training process that has been carried out produces an RNN-ANFIS model with optimal parameters as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 99, "top": 134, "width": 97, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. RNN Parameters", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 112, "top": 147, "width": 398, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN is the first layer entered by each input data. Each independent variable is entered in one RNN neuron. Thus, there are four neurons in the RNN layer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 178, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a) Input data of open price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 205, "width": 269, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 1, t = 0, 760 x 1, t + 1, 061 h 1, t − 1 + 0, 109 (11)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 118, "top": 225, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) Input data of height price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 250, "width": 269, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 2, t = 0, 760 x 1, t + 1, 061 h 1, t − 1 + 0, 109 (12)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 119, "top": 274, "width": 128, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(c) Input data of low price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 299, "width": 269, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 3, t = 0, 180 x 1, t + 0, 941 h 1, t − 1 + 0, 034 (13)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 117, "top": 323, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(d) Input data of close price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 241, "top": 347, "width": 269, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "h 4, t = 1, 007 x 1, t + 0, 969 h 1, t − 1 − 0, 057 (14)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 99, "top": 372, "width": 127, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Membership functions", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 112, "top": 386, "width": 398, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Each neuron in the RNN is taken for the last hidden state period, which is t i ,8 , i = 1, 2, 3, 4. That is, each input consisting of eight time series data is represented by one value. Next, the hidden state of the last period is forwarded to the fuzification layer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 444, "width": 137, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(a) Input data of open price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 468, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 1,8 | − 1, 500; 0, 843 ) (15)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 484, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 1,8 | − 0, 212; 1, 191 ) (16)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 501, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 1,8 | 1, 470; 1, 184 ) (17)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 118, "top": 526, "width": 142, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(b) Input data of height price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 550, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 2,8 | − 1, 488; 1, 261 ) (18)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 566, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 2,8 | − 0, 003; 0, 743 ) (19)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 583, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 2,8 | 1, 501; 1, 143 ) (20)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 119, "top": 608, "width": 128, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(c) Input data of low price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 632, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 3,8 | − 1, 510; 0, 719 ) (21)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 648, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 3,8 | 0, 034; 0, 780 ) (22)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 665, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 3,8 | 1, 518; 1, 160 ) (23)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 117, "top": 690, "width": 136, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(d) Input data of close price", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 253, "top": 714, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,1 = N ( h 4,8 | − 1, 490; 1, 015 ) (24)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 730, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,2 = N ( h 4,8 | 0, 050; 1, 020 ) (25)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 253, "top": 747, "width": 257, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "µ 1,3 = N ( h 4,8 | 1, 540; 0, 863 ) (26)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 426 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 58, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y. Anggara and A. Munandar", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on equations (15) to (26), can be calculated the fuzzy set membership value of each input data. Figure 6 illustrates a plot showing the calculation of membership values in the close price input data from January 6, 2020.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 356, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 6. Plot fuzzy membership function of data close price per 8 days", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 377, "width": 425, "height": 65, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Figure 6, the blue bar chart is the value of the first fuzzy set member, which has a membership value of less than 0.1. The orange bar chart is the value of the first fuzzy set member, which has a membership value between 0.25 to 0.4. The green bar diagram is the value of the third fuzzy set member, which has a membership value between 0.2 and 0.4.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 125, "top": 642, "width": 345, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 7. Plot fuzzy membership function of data close price per 8 days", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 425, "height": 93, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "If the values of the members of each fuzzy set are plotted, an interesting pattern will be seen as shown in Figure 7. Membership value of the first fuzzy set (blue color), increases on the 50th day, which on the next day the trend changes from the initial down to the up. Thus it can be said that the first set of membership in the close price data represents an indicator of trend change. The membership value of the second fuzzy set (orange color), also increased on the 50th day like the first fuzzy set. The difference between the first and second fuzzy sets is that in the second fuzzy set there is still movement, both before the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 426, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math. 427 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 117, "top": 58, "width": 360, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation of Hybrid RNN-ANFIS on Forecasting Jakarta Islamic Index. . .", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 97, "width": 425, "height": 78, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "50th day and after. In further, the second fuzzy set appears to more representative of the magnitude of the close price change in the last eight days. Meanwhile, in the membership value of the third fuzzy set (green color), it can be seen that the movement of values every time is very similar to the trends that occur in the data. Thus, it can be said that when compared with the first and second fuzzy sets the third fuzzy set is more representative of the trend pattern at the time.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 361, "width": 327, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 8. Comparison plot of forecasting data and actual close price", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 385, "width": 425, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 8 shows the predicted results of RNN-ANFIS. It can be seen that both training data, validation data and test data, RNN-ANFIS is able to forecast very well. Even RNN- ANFIS is still able to recognize quite extreme trend patterns such as on the 50th day.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 441, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 425, "height": 106, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RNN-ANFIS has an excellent ability to forecast JII in the next day. This can be shown from the MSE and MAE values in the last epoch, where the values of the two evaluation metrics have very small values, namely MSE of 0.001 and MAE of 0.246. In addition, this model is also able to explain what indicators are used during the prediction process through fuzzy sets. RNN provides more capabilities to ANFIS so that ANFIS is able to recognize trend patterns in the input data. In the close price input data, the three fuzzy sets represent indicators of trend changes, the magnitude of close price changes, and also patterns in trends.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 90, "top": 598, "width": 420, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] J. A. Goguen, “L. a. zadeh. fuzzy sets. information and control, vol. 8 (1965), pp. 338–353. l. a. zadeh. similarity relations and fuzzy orderings. information sciences, vol. 3 (1971), pp. 177–200.” Journal of Symbolic Logic , vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 656–657, 1973, doi: 10.2307/2272014.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 636, "width": 420, "height": 34, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] J. S. R. 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Habibie, Moutong, Tilongkabila, Kabupaten Bone Bolango, Provinsi Gorontalo 96554, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 786, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JJoM | Jambura J. Math.", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 290, "top": 786, "width": 221, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "430 Volume 5 | Issue 2 | August 2023", "type": "Table" } ]

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https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jst/article/download/3705/2700

[ { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 234, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019 | 158-166", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 211, "top": 67, "width": 51, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JST", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 211, "top": 94, "width": 151, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 97, "top": 753, "width": 382, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Corresponding author at: Agrotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Labuhanbatu E-mail address: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 795, "width": 250, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2018 Published by Talenta Publisher, ISSN: 2621-4830 Journal Homepage: https://talenta.usu.ac.id/jst", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 152, "width": 339, "height": 37, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prospects for Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) Development for Food and Energy Security", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 208, "width": 398, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fitra Syawal Harahap *1) ,Hilwa Walida 1) , Rosmidah Hasibuan 2) , Abdul Rauf 3) ,T. Sabrina 3) , Benny Hidayat 3) , Rahmawaty 4) , Darmadi Erwin Harahap 5) , Parmanoan Harahap 6 )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 389, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Study program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Labuhanbatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 284, "width": 433, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Study Program Education Biology, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Labuhanbatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 306, "width": 346, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Study Program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 318, "width": 351, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Study Program Forest, Management Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 417, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Study Program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Tapanuli Selatan 6 Study Program Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Graha Nusantara Padang Sidempuan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 377, "width": 347, "height": 302, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract. The use of sugar palm can be felt directly by the community both in and around the forest through traditional use. But unfortunately this plant does not get enough attention to be developed, so that the palm trees that are used in general are still plants that grow wild in nature and develop naturally. The purpose of this activity is to provide information on how the development of sugar palm can be an alternative food security and energy and processed products from coconut trees, so that it benefits the community, encourages public awareness and awareness to preserve the environment. This activity was carried out in Buluh Awar Village by involving the community and Teaching Staff of the Agrotechnology Study Program, Faculty of Science, Labuhan Batu Universitas. the material used and the method used are planting sugar palm which is generally not yet cultivated so that crop productivity is low and it is feared the plant population will decline. Because sugar palm plants have economic, social, cultural and conservation functions, so as to cultivate palm trees and rehabilitate plants that grow naturally and irregularly to increase crop productivity. The results of the dedication show that planting sugar palm plants have good hopes or prospects in the future, namely processed products from palm oil plants such as sugar, drinks and vinegar can be used to increase food security, while bioethanol can be used as an alternative energy source.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 687, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Sugar palm, Food security, Alternative energy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 717, "width": 346, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak. Kegunaan aren dapat dirasakan secara langsung oleh masyarakat baik di dalam maupun di sekitar hutan melalui penggunaan secara tradisional. Namun", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "159", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 166, "top": 73, "width": 346, "height": 320, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "sayang tumbuhan ini kurang mendapat perhatian untuk dikembangkan, sehingga pohon aren yang dimanfaatkan pada umumnya masih merupakan tumbuhan yang tumbuh liar di alam dan berkembang secara alami. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang bagaimana Pengembangan Tanaman Aren dapat menjadi alternatif ketahanan pangan dan energi serta produk olahan dari pohon aren, sehingga bermanfaat bagi masyarakat, mendorong kesadaran dan kesadaran masyarakat untuk melestarikan lingkungan. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Desa Buluh Awar dengan melibatkan masyarakat dan Staf Pengajar Program Studi Agroteknologi, Fakultas Sains, Universitas Labuhan Batu. Bahan yang digunakan serta metode yang digunakan adalah penanaman aren yang umumnya belum dibudidayakan sehingga produktivitas tanaman rendah dan dikhawatirkan populasi tanaman akan menurun. Karena tanaman aren memiliki fungsi ekonomi, sosial, budaya dan konservasi, sehingga untuk membudidayakan tanaman aren dan merehabilitasi tanaman yang tumbuh secara alami dan tidak teratur untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman. Hasil dari pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa penanaman tanaman aren memiliki harapan atau prospek yang baik di masa depan yaitu Produk olahan dari tanaman kelapa sawit seperti gula, minuman, dan cuka dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan, sedangkan bioetanol dapat digunakan sebagai sumber energi alternatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 401, "width": 267, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Tanaman aren, Ketahanan pangan, Energi alternatif", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 166, "top": 422, "width": 343, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received 14 September 2019 | Revised 15 October 2019 | Accepted 15 November 2019", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 452, "width": 82, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 428, "height": 301, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The palm tree is a tree that almost all parts both physical and production can be utilized and have valued the economy. Palm production such as fruit, roomie and flour for a long time has been used traditionally by the community and not yet can produce significant economic value [1]. This time sugar products, palm sugar, palm sugar and fro have entered the modern but deep market very limited quantity. Utilization of palm sugar palm juice for Fermented products like vinegar, ethanol, and data are still needed further research and development in technology processing and marketing [2].Sugar palm or areca palm ( Arenga pinnata ) is widely known and cultivated by farmers in Indonesia. The use of sugar palm mainly as a source of carbohydrates, roomie for making sugar, alcohol, and other benefits [3]. According to [4] sugar palm are ideally used in alley cropping especially on land that has a high degree of slope. At present with technological advances, palm sugar has the potential to be made bioful [5]. The processing and management of palm sugar products carried out by sugar palm farmers / craftsmen in East Kalimantan are still limited to traditional processing of palm sugar into printed sugar whereas processing of palm sugar into ant sugar and bioethanol is", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "160", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "limited to trials [6]. According to [7]. To ensure the continuity and intensification of the exploitation of sugar palm, it is time to start paying attention to the cultivation of cultivation including cultivation techniques and rehabilitation of sugar palm plants.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 176, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The wide distribution of the population and the high diversity of sugar palm makes it difficult to estimate the high or low production of sap which is used as a basis for making palm sugar. This is evident from the results of research conducted, namely, Exploration and Identification of Sugar palm in South Tapanuli Regency with the result that the character of the leaves is the character that has the most significant effect on the production of palm sugar juice [8]. According to [9], there is a sugar palm farmer's behavior which is counter-productive to the production of roomie, among other things, the farmer seems to have no burden to cut the leaves for reasons of ease to tap or to facilitate climbing so as not to be blocked.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "With the touch of technology, it is expected that spatial planning will occur between the sugar palm and the cultivation techniques of sugar palm trees that support increased crop productivity and increase farmers' income. At present the main product of palm sugar plantations is tapping from male flowers that are made into palm sugar as well as soft drinks, vinegar and alcohol [10,11]. Besides that the sugar palm plants can produce food products such as the foliage of ripe female fruit and palm sugar for food in the form of cakes, bread and biscuits derived from the processing of the plant's spout [12]. In addition, palm trees can also be developed in agroforestry systems between forestry and agricultural crops [13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 544, "width": 428, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sugar palm plants have not been cultivated intensively and only grow wild in the forest. Research [14], showed that 4 clusters were formed with a 75% similarity level or 25% diversity. The number of productive leaves and the percentage of sap sugar content above the average through the Identification of Phenotypic Characters of Arena pinnata Merr in South Tapanuli Regency. Therefore, the development of this plant is very slow while the logging is going very fast, as a result the population of sugar palm is drastically reduced although there are no data on this [15].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 701, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The decline in the sugar palm population will directly result in a decrease in the income of farmers who cultivate the sap as the main results of this crop. According to [16], sugar palm plant is a long lived annual plant, so the height of male and female first spangles can be used as indirect selection criteria to increase the yield of roomie. The development of increasing energy needs and limited fossil energy is a concern to look", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "161", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "for renewable energy sources such as bioethanol derived from vegetable raw materials. Bioethanol is a cheap alternative raw material when compared to gasoline without subsidies. Currently, besides cassava, sugarcane and the distance of potential raw materials to be used as ethanol are sugar palm [17].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 168, "width": 428, "height": 218, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Armed with this information, Community Service activities are carried out to give more insight to the community in the Village of Buluh Awar, in Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, is one of the sugar producing centers in North Sumatra. About 80% of the people there earn a living from palm trees, which are actually not planted but grow on their own in the forest or fields. In Buluh Awar, there are about 10 hectares of aren plantations, but not spread over one stretch. The potential of sugar palm plantations there is actually not optimally worked on, can still be developed better and more broadly with more optimal results as well. The purpose of this activity is to provide information on how the development of sugar palm trees can be an alternative food security and energy and processed products from palm trees, so that it benefits the community, encourages public awareness and awareness to preserve the environment.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Methods", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 429, "width": 428, "height": 342, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Community service activities are carried out in Mess Aren Hall, Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra, starting from the survey and location determination, visits to permits, and counseling activities. Implementation of Community Service will be carried out as follows, Lecture activities carried out by teaching staff by providing material on Arena Development ( Arenga pinnata Merr) for Food Safety and Energy with discussion. After completing the presentation material, given the opportunity to discuss the material provided in the form of questions and answers or responses. The aim of Community Service activities is carried out by the teaching staff of the Agrotechnology Study Program of the Faculty of Science and Technology and the Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Labuhanbatu Universitas, the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Universitas of North Sumatra and Graha Nusantara Universitas (UGN) Padang Sidempuan, Rector of Labuhanbatu Universitas Mr. Ade Parlaungan Nasution, SE., M.Si the Chancellor is to increase awareness of all levels of society about the importance of the Development of the Pinnata Merr Arena for Food Safety and Energy in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang District so that the benefits of implementing community services can be seen from two sides, namely, the Community will benefit from the importance of", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "162", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the Development of the Merr Pinnata Arena for Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang Regency,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 429, "height": 197, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Increasing community awareness to protect and preserve the environment, especially efforts to manage the importance of the Pinnata Arena Merr for Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang Regency, Benefits for universities and government and Public awareness of higher education in an effort to improve environmental quality, especially the importance of Arena pinnata Merr. Development of Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit Regency, Deli Serdang Regency as a reflection of the existence of Higher Education in the midst of the community and Assisting government programs in efforts to manage the development of the Aren Factory so that the demand for products produced from this factory will always increase in line with the development of development.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 346, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Results and Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 372, "width": 428, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The implementation of community service activities is carried out by means of training and discussion. The lecture was conducted by giving material and practice on how to develop Arenga pinnata Merr for food security and energy. The implementation of activities offered by the community service team from the Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry and Graha Nusantara Universitas (UGN) Padang Sidempuan is providing material on the importance of Arena pinnata Merr for Food and Energy Security in Buluh Awar Village, Sibolangit District, Deli Serdang District After received this training, it is hoped that the community can manage their mangrove forests and manage their land so that the Palm Oil Development can be utilized optimally.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 570, "width": 428, "height": 218, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aren is a plant with high potential to be developed. The main products of the sugar palm plant as a result of tapping the sap of male flowers can be used as sugar, drinks, vinegar and alcohol. Besides other parts of plants can be made food. Data for 2004 total area of sugar palm trees has reached 60,482 ha spread across 14 provinces. In connection with palm sugar products that can be used as raw material for ethanol, the development of this plant to support the needs of bioenergy needs to be immediately followed up. Opportunities to develop these plants in addition to the availability of existing technology, palm trees are easily adaptable to various types of soil throughout Indonesia including critical land, reeds and for reforestation and forest conservation. While the challenges that need to be overcome to develop these plants include: technological input is still minimal, improved production management, improved", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "163", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "processing, marketing is still traditional, dissemination is still limited to a small number of farmers, and the difficulty of superior seeds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 429, "height": 342, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aren trees because they have the ability to adapt to various land conditions, agro-climate, and high tolerance in mixed cropping patterns including woody plants and fast growing because they have many roots and thick canopy are very suitable to be developed also on marginal land which is mostly owned by poor farmers. To overcome the increase in the area and the number of poor land areas in Indonesia at a higher rate, it is necessary to plant types such as sugar palm. These plants provide viable sap production with low input and are very suitable for water and soil conservation purposes. Besides that, sugar palm plants produce biomass on the ground and in soils that are so large that it plays an important role in the CO 2 cycle [5]. Sugar palm plants can easily adapt to various types of soil cultivated for agricultural commodities including marginal soils, in addition to this plant serves for soil and water conservation. Most of the sugar palm plantations have not implemented existing technological innovations. So that the dissemination of technology will have an impact not only on productivity and income of farmers, but the development of diversification of results that provide business opportunities and employment for many people. The availability of technology, although not yet complete, has carried out various research activities to support sugar palm agribusiness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 129, "top": 654, "width": 340, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. The process of making palm sugar made from palm tree sap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The technology that is ready to use includes: selection of parent plant trees, nurseries, nurseries, cultivation, tapping, sap preservation, sugar processing, ant sugar, sugar palm sugar processing and ethanol production. The process of making palm sugar from palm tree sap can be seen in Figure 1. The available land reserves in each province including critical land, alang grasslands, etc. can be planted with palm trees. The existence of a national movement for forest and land rehabilitation can use palm trees", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "164", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 404, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "for conservation and reforestation programs. Palm trees have the opportunity to become bioethanol-producing plants because of their adaptability to various land and agro-climate conditions. Available technological innovations to develop sugar palm plants as bioethanol producers include: seed sources, cultivation, tapping sap and processing of sap into bioethanol. The potential of sugar palm plants to be used as ethanol is now quite large, reaching 1.43 million bioethanol per year. However, not to become a competitor in food, it is suggested that the development of sugar palm be directed in the form of developing new areas specifically for bioethanol with a pilot orientation of the project in the provinces and districts that are interested. In accordance with national needs, 6.4 million hectares have been planned during 2005-2015 for plants producing bioethanol, including sugar palm. The challenge ahead for the development of sugar palm plants is not only for food sources, but can be used as a source of bioethanol and other product diversification in an effort to increase revenue and land conservation. A pilot project is needed that is integrated with the latest agribusiness-oriented technological innovation applications. Commitments to implementation are left to the provinces/districts to finance, implement and monitor them. Sugar palm research to produce bioethanol by the Agency for Agricultural Research must get top priority. This activity must be designed in the form of short and long term sugar palm research which can clearly produce concrete results in the development of palm trees with environmental conservation areas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 500, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Evaluation", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 520, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Implementation in the field was carried out by means of lectures and discussions, by the teaching staff of the Agrotechnology Study Program from the Faculty of Science and Technology of Labuhanbatu Universitas, the Biology Education Study Program of the Faculty of Teaching and Education of Labuhanbatu Universitas, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara at Mess Aren, Buluh Awar (Figure 2). This is done because most people are close to the location. The material presented was very useful for participants because around 90% of participants who attended lectures and discussions as well as the problems presented could be seen immediately so there was a two-way discussion.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 719, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This extension activity also involved local government officials represented by the local village head, Chairperson of the Wampu North Sumatra Watershed Forum, Chairperson of the Deli Serdang District Agricultural Extension Commission, Rector of Labuhanbatu Universitas, Bpk. Ade Parlaungan Nasution, SE, M.Si., Chancellor of the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "165", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas of Nahdlatul Ulama Universitas, North Sumatra. The government officials at the counseling place also welcomed this activity because it was one of the means in increasing the community's insight in their area.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 158, "top": 406, "width": 279, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 2. Implementation of community service activities", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 439, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supporting factors", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Supporting factors in the implementation of community service that really helped the realization of this activity were positive responses from the community and local government officials. Positive responses were shown with a good reception on the arrival of the counseling team to the location and at the time the lecture was conducted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 548, "width": 81, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Obstacle factor", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "As for the inhibiting factors in this service activity, namely: limited space and not all people can participate in this outreach activity, because they already have other activities that coincide with this event. However, this activity was successfully carried out with the participation of a part of the community.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 664, "width": 77, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Conclusions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This Community service is an extension conducted by a lecture and discussion system with participants from the community with material on the Development of ( Arenga pinnata ) for Food and Energy Security so that the demand for products produced from this plant will always increase in line with developments development. Based on the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "166", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "results of the activity, it is necessary to have continuous counseling to the community to understand the importance of the efforts to develop the Sugar plant ( Arenga pinnata ) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 127, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 148, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[1] Mariati, R. 2013. Potensi produksi dan prospek pengembangan tanaman aren ( Arenga pinnata MERR ) di Kalimantan Timur. Agrifor, 12 (2): 196-205.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 181, "width": 431, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[2] Lempang, M. 2012. Pohon aren dan manfaat produksinya. Info Teknis EBONI, 9(1): 37-54.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 215, "width": 370, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[3] Mogea, H. 1991. Revisi marga aren. Disertasi S3 Universitas Indonesia.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 235, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[4] Mahmud, Z. Dan Amrizal, 1991. Palma sebagai bahan pangan, pakan dan konservasi. Buletin Balitka No. 14. Balitka Manado.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 268, "width": 431, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[5] Sangian, Hanny F., Gerald H. Tamuntuan, Handy I.R. Mosey, Verna Suoth, Beni H. Manialup. 2017. The Utilization of Arenga Pinnata Ethanol In Preparing One Phase-Aqueous Gasohol. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , 12, no. 24: 7039-7046.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 329, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[6] Sangian, H.F. and Tongkukut, S. 2011. Study Of Bio-Ethanol Preparation From Arenga Palm Sugar. Jurnal Ilmiah Sains, 11(2): 259-267.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 363, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[7] Bernhard, M.R. 2018. Teknik Budidaya dan Rehabilitasi Tanaman Aren. Buletin Palma, (33): 67-77.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[8] Harahap, M.K. 2018. Karakter Daun dan Produksi Nira Tanaman Aren ( Arenga Pinnata Merr ) di Kecamatan Marancar. Graha Tani, 4(1): 587-599.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 430, "width": 429, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[9] Harahap, P., Rosmayati, R., Harahap, E. M., Harahap, D. E., Harahap, F.S. 2018. Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Tanaman Aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 5(3): 423- 427.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 478, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[10] Akuba, R.H. 2004. Profil Aren. Pengembangan Tanaman Aren. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aren. Tondano. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain, 9 Juni. pp. 1-9.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 525, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[11] Rindengan, B., Manaroinsong, E. 2009. Aren, Tanaman Perkebunan Penghasil Bahan Bakar Nabati (BBM). Di dalam: Effendi DS, Editor. Prospek Pengembangan Tanaman Aren (Arenga pinnata) , pp.15-21.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[12] Maliangkay, R.B., Yulianus Matana, Novalisa Lumentut, E. Manaroinsong. 2004. Budidaya Tanaman Aren. Pengembangan Tanaman Aren. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Aren Tondano, 9 Juni 2004. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Kelapa dan Palma Lain. pp.131-137.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 634, "width": 428, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[13] Saleh, M.S., Samuddin, S. Bahry, S. 2007. Karakterisasi Pohon Induk Aren Sebagai Sumber Benih Unggul di Sulawesi Tengah. Laporan penelitian Hibah Bersaing Tahap II.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 429, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[14] Effendi, D.S. 2015. Prospek pengembangan tanaman aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) mendukung kebutuhan bioetanol di Indonesia. Perspektif, 9(1): 36-46.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 715, "width": 428, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[15] Saleh, M.S., Samudin, S., Bahry, S. 2006. Karakterisasi Morfologi Tanaman Aren di Sulawesi Tengah. J. Agrisains, 7(3): 143-149.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 748, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[16] Samudin, S., Saleh, M.S. 2009. Parameter genetik tanaman aren ( Arenga pinnata L. ). Agroland: Jurnal Ilmu-ilmu Pertanian, 16(1).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 38, "width": 210, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Journal of Saintech Transfer (JST) Vol. II, No. 2, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 487, "top": 38, "width": 16, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "167", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 74, "width": 429, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "[17] Harahap, P., Harahap, M.K. Harahap, F.S. 2019. Identifikasi Karakter Fenotip Daun Tanaman Aren ( Arenga pinnata Merr ) di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 6: 472-476.", "type": "List item" } ]

c454e971-e473-4551-f024-dbc01293df38

http://ejournal.universitasmahendradatta.ac.id/index.php/raadkertha/article/download/152/149

[ { "left": 172, "top": 88, "width": 271, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "AKIBAT HUKUM SEWA BELI SEPEDA MOTOR", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 244, "top": 109, "width": 126, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DENGAN ANGSURAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 290, "top": 150, "width": 38, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh :", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 212, "top": 164, "width": 190, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I Gusti Lanang Agung Kesuma Jaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 155, "top": 178, "width": 305, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Program studi Fakultas Hukum Universitas Mahendradatta Jl. Ken Arok No. 12, Peguyangan Denpasar Utara, Bali 80115.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 205, "width": 134, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "([email protected])", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 256, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstrak,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 285, "width": 448, "height": 273, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran lahir dari praktek kebiasaan masyarakat, yang sesuai dengan azas Hukum Perjanjian yang termuat didalam pasal 1338 KUH Perdata, sebagaimana diketahui BW menganut sistem bahwa perjanjian sewa beli itu hanya bersifat obligator saja, adapun hak milik baru berpindah dengan dilakukannya levering atau penyerahan. Adapun rumusan masalahnya adalah sebagai berikut Kapankah beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ? dan Bagaimanakah akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ?. Metode yang dipergunakan dengan melakukan penelitian lapangan terutama sewa beli motor dengan angsuran, dengan menggunakan data primer dan data skeunder. Beralihnya hak milik dari penjual lepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan memberikan hak dan meletakkan kewajiban pada kedua belah pihak, yaitu memberikan kepada si pembeli hak untuk menuntut diserahkannya hak milik atas barang tersebut. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran yaitu apabila terjadi lalai dari perjanjian maka barang tersebut dapat di ambil atau di eksekusi karena debitur Debitur tidak memenuhi prestasinya. Adapun kesimpulannya adalah beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran adalah apabila pembeli telah melunasi angsuran sepeda motor kepada penjual atau didalam perjanjian sewa beli barang bergerak dengan angsuran hak milik atas barang tersebut baru beralih dari tangan penjual kepada pembeli apabila telah lunas. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai dalam membayar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 257, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kata Kunci ; Akibat hukum ; Sewa beli ; Angsuran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 597, "width": 50, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abstract,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 626, "width": 445, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "The lease purchase agreement with installments is born from the practice of the community, which is in accordance with the principle of Agreement Law contained in article 1338 of the Civil Code, as it is known BW adheres to the system that the lease agreement is only an obligator, while new ownership rights move by levering . The formulation of the problem is as follows When will the ownership of the seller switch to the buyer in the installment lease agreement? and what are the legal consequences if the buyer fails to pay", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 445, "height": 163, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "installments in the installment lease agreement? The method used by conducting field research is mainly motorbike rental purchases in installments, using primary data and secondary data. The transfer of ownership rights from the seller to the buyer in a lease agreement by giving rights and placing obligations on both parties, namely giving the buyer the right to demand the transfer of ownership rights to the item. Legal consequences if the buyer neglects to pay installments in an installment lease agreement, ie if there is a negligence of the agreement, the item can be taken or executed because the Debtor debtor does not fulfill his performance. The conclusion is the switching of ownership rights from the seller to the buyer in the installment lease agreement is if the buyer has paid off the motorcycle installments to the seller or in the lease agreement of movable goods with installments of the ownership of the goods has just switched from the seller's hand to the buyer when paid . Legal consequences if the buyer is negligent in paying.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 261, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keywords ; Because of law ; Rent buy ; Installments", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "I. PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1.1. Latar Belakang", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 348, "width": 206, "height": 218, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam kehidupan sehari-hari manusia memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dengan berbagai macam cara, yang sudah tentunya tidak boleh bertentangan dengan norma kepatutan kesusilaan maupun hukum yang berlaku. Salah satu cara di dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup tersebut dengan mengadakan transaksi diantara manusia yang lainnya seperti tukar menukar, pinjam meminjam, sewa beli dan lain sebagainya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 583, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut diatas bahwa di dalam kehidupan masyarakat dewasa ini kita jumpai dalam", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 672, "width": 170, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6 Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 206, "height": 23, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hukum Perdata Tentang Persetujuan- Persetujuan Tertentu, Cet. Ketujuh,", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 290, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "praktek membeli barang secara mengangsur barang-barang tersebut bergerak tertentu seperti perabot rumah tangga maupun barang-barang lainnya misalnya TV, Sepeda Motor dan Mobil, yang merupakan salah satu kebutuhan masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 443, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Wirjono Prodjodikoro menyebutkan bahwa : Hal ini sering terjadi dimasyarakat seorang membeli barang tidak mempunyai uang penuh untuk membayar harga pembelian sekaligus, dan ada keinginan supaya diizinkan membayar harga pembeli itu secara berangsur-angsur sedikit demi sedikit setiap bulan sebagian tertentu dari harga pembelian. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 672, "width": 206, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sumber Bandung (Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro I), hal. 65.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 197, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran lahir dari praktek kebiasaan masyarakat, yang sesuai dengan azas Hukum Perjanjian yang termuat didalam pasal 1338 KUH Perdata yang sering disebut sifat terbuka yang pada hakekatnya memberikan kebebasan dalam hal membuat perjanjian yang tidak boleh bertentangan dengan ketertiban umum dan kesusilaan. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut RM. Suryodiningrat, bahwa : Penjual tidak menyerahkan hak milik atas barang yang dijualnya kepada pembeli dan pembeli membayar harganya secara angsuran setiap bulan atau setiap minggu, dan selama barang belum dibayar lunas, maka barang itu tetap milik penjual hal mana merupakan jaminan bagi penjual ... 8", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 497, "width": 206, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendapatnya R. Subekti, sejalan dengan pendapatnya M. Isa Arief, dalam bukunya Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Dagang, beliau menyebutkan bahwa harga barang dibayar dengan beberapa angsuran sedangkan barang-barang diserahkan pada", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 648, "width": 198, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7 Subekti, R, 1980, Pokok pokok Hukum Perdata, Intermasa Jakarta, hal 128. 8 Subekti, R. 1982, Aneka Perjanjian, Alumni Bandung, hal. 66", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "waktu membayar angsuran yang pertama dengan demikian miliknya sudah berpindah lebih dahulu, sedangkan harganya belum habis dibayar. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 179, "width": 206, "height": 342, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bertitik tolak dari pandangan para sarjana diatas dimana disatu pihak menyebutkan bahwa didalam sewa beli angsuran tersebut belum memindahkan hak milik atas obyek sewa beli sebelum harga barang yang diangsur pembayarannya itu dilunasi, disini dapat dikatakan berpindahnya hak milik pada saat perjanjian sewa beli angsuran itu ditutup atau dilunasi. Namun dilain pihak dari pandangan kedua memberikan suatu pandangan bahwa berpindahnya hak milik dari barang atau obyek sewa beli angsuran adalah seketika setelah barangnya diserahkan oleh penjual kepada pembeli, tetapi harga barang tersebut dapat diangsur atau dicicil pembayarannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 539, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1.2. Rumusan Masalah", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 567, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan melihat kenyataan yang penulis kemukakan dalam latar belakang masalah, maka penulis mengangkat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 648, "width": 200, "height": 36, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 Isa Arief, 1979, Hukum Perdata, dan Hukum Dagang, Alumni Bandung, hal. 76-77", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "masalah yang berkaitan dengan sewa beli barang bergerak dengan jalan angsuran. Adapun rumusan masalahnya adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 179, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Kapankah beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Bagaimanakah akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran ?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 324, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "II. ISI MAKALAH", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1. Metodelogi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.1. Jenis Penelitian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 410, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Penelitian yang penulis gunakan adalah penelitian emperis yaitu penelitian mengenai akibat hukum sewa beli sepeda motor dengan angsuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 501, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.2. Jenis Pendekatan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 206, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sosiologis yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan terhadap fakta-fakta lapangan / masyarakat dan ditunjang dengan pendekatan yuridis yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 633, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pendekatan terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan/hukum perdata", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 674, "width": 33, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(BW).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 101, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.3. Sumber Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 117, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Sumber Data Primer", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 137, "width": 188, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penulisan makalah ini data-data yang didapatkan bersumber dari hasil wawancara dengan informan yang memahami tentang permasalahan sewa beli sepeda motor dengan angsuran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 270, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Sumber Data sekunder", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 290, "width": 188, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam penulisan ini dengan menggunakan data sekunder dimana data yang digunakan adalah hasil penelitian lapangan dengan membandingkan peraturan perundang- undangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 423, "width": 172, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.4. Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 451, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dalam teknik pengumpulan data penulis mengadakan wawancara kepada informan yang memahami permasalahan sewa beli sepeda motor dengan angsuran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 542, "width": 197, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.1.5. Teknik Pengolahan dan Analisa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 571, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah data-data yang dibutuhkan terkumpul, maka data-data tersebut akan diolah dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan teknik pengolahan data secara diskriptif analisis kuantitatif yaitu, yaitu dengan memilih data yang berkualitas untuk dapat menjawab permasalahan yang diajukan,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "selanjutnya bahan hukum diolah dengan interpretasi. Dan untuk penyajiannya dilakukan secara deskriptif analisis kualitatif yaitu dengan menyusun secara sistimatis dari data yang ada kemudian dengan membutikan yang paling berkualitas dan setelah itu diolah sehingga diperoleh suatu kesimpulan yang ilmiah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 92, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2. Pembahasan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 290, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.1. Beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 311, "width": 171, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsruan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 206, "height": 260, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Seperti diketahui perjanjian jual- beli menurut sistem Kitab Undang- Undang Hukum Perdata adalah bersifat obligator yakni jual-beli itu belum memindahkan hak milik, ia baru memberikan hak dan meletakkan kewajiban pada kedua belah pihak, yaitu memberikan kepada si pembeli hak untuk menuntut diserahkannya hak milik atas barang tersebut. Pemindahan hak milik baru akan terjadi apabila penyewa telah pelunasan terhadap kewajibannya sewa beli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 672, "width": 206, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10 Soetojo Prawiro Namidjojo.R, Marthalana Pohan, 1984, Bab-bab", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 259, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Disamping perjanjian sewa beli kita mengenal pula ada pemberian dan tukar menukar barang yang juga bertujuan untuk memindahkan hak milik, meskipun pada perjanjian jual-beli penjual hanya terikat secara obligator dan pembeli terikat secara pribadi, tetapi tujuan dari perjanjian jual-beli terletak pada pemindahan hak milik dari benda yang dijual dan oleh karena itu terjadilah perubahan dalam hubungan kebendaan, hal yang terakhir ini baru terjadi setelah direalisirnya perubahan itu. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 365, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Kemudian didalam kewajiban menyerahkan suatu barang meliputi segala seguatu yang menjadi pelengkapnya serta dimaksudkan bagi pemakaiannya yang tetap beserta surat-surat bukti miliknya jika itu ada. Dengan demikian maka penyerahan sebidang tanah meliputi pula penyerahan sertifikatnya dan penyerahan kendaraan bermotor meliputi BPKBnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 559, "width": 206, "height": 74, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan demikian yang ditentukan didalam memindahkan hak milik yang harus diserahkan kepada pembeli adalah suatu benda yang dapat dikuasai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 672, "width": 207, "height": 24, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tentang Hukum Benda, Cet. Pertama, PT. Bina Ilmu, Surabaya, Hal. 39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sepenuhnya tanpa dapat diganggu oleh siapapun sesuai dengan isi perjanjian sewa beli", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 158, "width": 206, "height": 280, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perjanjian sewa beli yang terjadi antara konsumen dengan dealer Kendaraan sepeda motor, apabila pihak pembeli dengan dealer telah disepakati oleh kedua belah pihak atas dasare perjanjian, pembeli diberikan hak pakai sebelum perjanjian sewa beli lunas. Apabila sewa beli lunas pemebeli diberikan surat-surat seperti BPKB oleh dealer kendaraan sepeda motor, dengan beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli, maka pembeli sebagai penguasaan penuh hak atas kendaraan yang dibeli.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 206, "height": 239, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh karena pembeli belum menjadi pemilik mutlak dari barang tersebut, didalam jual-beli yang normal atau biasa dengan diserahkannya atau dilakukan penyerahan dan sekaligus pembayaran dari barang tersebut oleh pembeli ia sudah menjadi pemilik dan sudah mempunyai kekuasaan penuh, dan ia dapat mempergunakan barang itu bahkan menjualnya ataupun menghibahkan kepada pihak lain tanpa ada gangguan dari penjual.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 177, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Seperti telah disebutkan dalam membeli barang secara angsuran pembeli belum menjadi pemilik atas barang itu ia hanya mempunyai kekuasaan yang tidak penuh, oleh karenanya selama harga barang dibayar lunas oleh pembeli kepada penjual pihak pembeli tidak berhak untuk memindah tangankan, menjual atau menyewakan kepada pihak lain.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 282, "width": 206, "height": 94, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Suatu permasalahan akan timbulnya bagaimana halnya kalau sebelum lunas pembayarannya pembeli telah meninggal dunia. Untuk memecahkan permasalahan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 386, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "demikian ahli waris dari yang meninggal dunia tahu apa yang menjadi hak dan kewajibannya sebagai ahli waris.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 456, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2.2.2. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai membayar angsuran dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 518, "width": 51, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "angsuran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 547, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Akibat hukum yang timbul terhadap debitur yang mengalami wanprestasi dalam suatu perjanjian dimana debitur tidak memenuhi kewajibannya, secara nyata dapatlah dilihat bahwa akibatnya tidak dapatnya perjanjian dipenuhi atau dilaksanakan secara benar, maka seorang kreditur tidak mendapat pemenuhan hak-", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "haknya yang semestinya didapatkan sesuai dengan adanya perjanjian tersebut. Akibat- akibat yang diatur oleh hukum dalam suatu perjanjian adalah berupa sanksi-sanksi hukum penerapannya terdapat dalam KUH Perdata, sebagai peraturan formal yang mengatur perihal perjanjian-perjanjian beserta aspek yuridis lainnya. 6", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 206, "height": 342, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dikenakannya sanksi hukum dalam suatu keadaan, wanprestasi pada suatu perjanjian sebagai ikatan disamping karena perjanjian merupakan suatu ikatan atau hubungan hukum adalah juga dikarenakan oleh dalam suatu perjanjian megandung asas obligatoir, yaitu meletakan hak dan kewajiban yang bertimbal balik. Konsekuensi dari atas obligatoir tersebut adalah jikalau salah satu pihak dalam perjanjian sebagaimana telah disepakatai, maka pihak dalam perjanjian sebagaimana telah disepakati, maka tidak dapat dibatalkan sepihak. Oleh Achmad Ichsan, asas obligator itu dikatakan sebagai segi-segi dalam perjanjian, sehingga menurut perjanjian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 635, "width": 192, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "6 RM. Suryodiningrat, 1997, Asas-asas Hukum Perikatan, Transito, Bandung, hal. 18.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 195, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "7 Achmad Uchsan,1977, Hukum Perdata, Pembimbing masa, Jakarta, hal.15", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "memiliki 2 (dua) segi yaitu segi pasif berupa kewajiban dan segi aktif berupa hak. 7", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 158, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan segi pasifnya mempunyai 2 (dua) anasir lagi yakni kewajiban (schuld) dari debitur untuk melaksanakan suatu prestasi dan haftung atau tanggung jawab yuridis dari debitur atas kewajibannya. Dari dua anasir inilah kreditur dapat memaksa debitur untuk memenuhi kewajibannya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 332, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Menurut Prof. Purwahid Patrik, akibat hukum terhadap perjanjian karena wanprestasi, maka debitur harus :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 402, "width": 121, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Mengganti kerugian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 342, "top": 423, "width": 188, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Benda yang dijadikan objek dari perikatan sejak saat tidak dipenuhinya kewajiban menjadi tanggungjawab dari debitur;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 505, "width": 188, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Jika perikatan itu timbul dari perjanjian yang timbal balik, kreditur dapat minta pembatalan (putusan) perjanjian. 8", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 647, "width": 187, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "8 Purwahid Patrik,1997,. “Dasar -Dasar Hukum Perikatan” , Bandar Maju, hal.11", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 207, "height": 342, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Hal tersebut juga dapat kita lihat dari penetapan pasal 1243KUH Perdata yang pada prinsipnya menentukan penggantian biaya, rugi dan bunga oleh pihak debitur baru dapat dilakukan, setelah debitur dinyatakan lalai karena tidak memenuhi isi perikatan. Para sarjana berpendapat agar melihat terlebih dahulu unsur-unsur yang harus diperhatikan sebelum seorang debitur dinyatakan dalam keadaan wanprestasi, karena wanprestasi (kelalaian) mempunyai akibat-akibat yang begitu penting, maka harus ditetapkan lebih dahulu apakah si berhutang melakukan wanprestasi atau lalai, dan kalau hal ini disangkal olehnya harus dibuktikan di muka hakim”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 207, "height": 239, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan dalam suatu perjanjian baik untuk menyerahkan atau berbuat sesuatu telah ditentukan dengan batas waktu, maka dengan lewatnya batas waktu pemenuhan kewajiban bagi debitur seketika itu pula debitur dapat dikatakan wanprestasi, karena dengan lewatnya tenggang waktu untuk memenuhi kewajiban seorang debitur tergolong lalai untuk memenuhi prestasinya. Adapun yang dimaksud dengan lalai dalam ketentuan pasal 1238 KUH Perdata", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 86, "width": 206, "height": 137, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "ditentukan bahwa : “Si berhutang adalah lalai, bila ia dengan surat perintah atau dengan sebuah akte sejenis itu ia telah dinyatakan lalai, atau demi perikatan sendiri menetapkan bahwa si berhutang akan terus dianggap lalai dengan lewatnya waktu yang telah ditentukan”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 241, "width": 206, "height": 404, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Apabila seorang debitur sudah diperingatkan atau sudah dengan tegas ditagih janjinya, seperti yang diterangkan di atas, maka jika ia tetap tidak melaksanakan prestasinya, ia berada dalam keadaan lalai atau alpa sehigga dapat dikatakan sebagai keadaan wanprestasi dan terhadapnya ia dapat diperlakukan sanksi-sanksi yuridis sebagai akibat hukum daripadanya. Sanksi-sanksi hukum sebagaimana dimaksud di atas, dalam pasal 1243 KUH Perdata ditentukan bahwa “penggantian biaya, rugi dan bunga karena tidak dipenuhinya suatu perikatan, barulah mulai diwajibkan apabila si berhutang setelah dinyatakan lalai memenuhi perikatannya, tetap melalaikannya atau jika sesuatu yang harus diberikan atau dibuat tenggang waktu yang telah dilampaukan.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 663, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Lain halnya dengan Abdulkadir Muhamad yang memberikan akibat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "hukum bagi debitur yang wanprestasi, dibagi menjadi 5 (lima) yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 137, "width": 170, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Debitur diharuskan membayar ganti kerugian yang telah diberikan oleh kreditur;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 200, "width": 170, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Dalam perjanjian timbal balik (bilateral) wanprestasi dari satu", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 241, "width": 170, "height": 114, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pihak, memberikan hak kepada pihak lainnya untuk membatalkan atau memutuskan perjanjian lewat hakim; - Resiko beralih kepada debitur", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 139, "top": 365, "width": 152, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sejak saat terjadinya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 386, "width": 153, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "wanprestasi. Ketentuan ini hanya berlaku bagi perikatan untuk memberikan sesuatu;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 448, "width": 170, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Membayar biaya perkara apabila diperkarakan dimuka hakim. Debitur yang terbukti melakukan wanprestasi tentu dikalahkan dalam perkara;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 551, "width": 170, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "- Memenuhi perjanjian disertai dengan pembayaran ganti", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 139, "top": 591, "width": 49, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "kerugian. 9", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Demikian halnya debitur harus bertanggung gugat tentang hal yang dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 206, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "9 Abdul Kadir Muhamad, 1982 , Hukum Perikatan, Alumni Bandung, hal.89", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dilakukan oleh kreditur menghadapi debitur yang wanprestasi adalah sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 158, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Dapat menuntut pembatalan/pemutusan perjanjian;", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 324, "top": 208, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Dapat menuntut pemenuhan perjanjian;", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 345, "top": 257, "width": 185, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3. Dapat menuntut pengganti kerugian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 306, "width": 185, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "4. Dapat menuntut pembatalan dan pengganti kerugian;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 345, "top": 356, "width": 185, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "5. Dapat menuntut pemenuhan dan pengganti kerugian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 405, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Tidak dipenuhinya kewajiban- kewajiban yang telah ditetapkan didalam perikatan baik perikatan yang timbul karena perjanjian maupun yang timbul karena perjanjian maupun yang timbul karena undang-undang itu ada dua kemungkinan yaitu :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 558, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Karena kesalahan debitur, baik karena kesangajaan maupun karena kelalaian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Karena keadaan memaksa, jadi diluar kemampuan debitur, debitur tidak bersalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keadaan-keadaan yang menentukan seorang dikatakan sengaja atau Ialai tidak memenuhi prestasi, antara lain ada 3 (tiga) keadaan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 241, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Debitur tidak memenuhi prestasi sama", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 262, "width": 189, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "sekali, artinya tidak memenuhi kewajiban yang telah disanggupinya untuk dipenuhi didalam suatu perjanjian atau tidak memenuhi kewajiban yang telah ditetapkan undangundang dalam perikatan yang timbul karena undangundang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 407, "width": 206, "height": 135, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Debitur memenuhi prestasi tetapi tidak betul atau keliru, disini debitur melaksanakan atau memenuhi prestasi apa yang dijanjikan atau apa yang ditentukan oleh undang-undang, tetapi tidak sebagaimana mestinya menurut yang ditentukan dalam perjanjian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Debitur memenuhi prestasi tetapi tidak tepat pada waktunya, disini debitur memenuhi prestasi tetapi terlambat.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 614, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Dengan demikian bagi debitur yang melakukan wanprestasi atau cidera janji akan membawa akibat hukum atau sanksi sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Debitur diharuskan membayar ganti kerugian yang telah diderita oleh kreditur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 150, "width": 206, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Dalam perjanjian timbal-balik, wanprestasi dari satu pihak memberikan hak kepada pihak lainnya untuk membatalkan atau memutuskan perjanjian lewat hakim.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 254, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "c. Resiko beralih kepada debitur sejak saat terjadinya wanprestasi.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 295, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "d. Membayar biaya perkara apabila diperkarakan dimuka hakim.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 336, "width": 206, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "e. Memenuhi perjanjian jika masih dapat dilakukan, atau pembatalan perjanjian disertai dengan pembayaran ganti kerugian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 324, "top": 419, "width": 206, "height": 198, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Oleh undang-undang hal yang demikian itu ada demi hukum karena ada undang-undang yang mengaturnya, seperti sebagian besar mengenai peraturan- peraturan tentang persetujuan-persetujuan dimana peraturan itu merupakan peraturan pelengkap (aanvullend recht), maka para pihak yang bersangkutan dapat menyimpang dengan mengadakan perjanjian yang bermaksud demikian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 634, "width": 206, "height": 53, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Persoalan resiko adalah berpokok pangkal dari pada terjadinya suatu peristiwa diluar kesalahan salah satu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 156, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "pihak, peristiwa semacam itu didalam hukum perjanjian disebut sebagai keadaan memaksa atau overmacht, karenanya persoalan resiko itu merupakan awal dari persoalan tentang keadaan memaksa yaitu suatu keadaan yang menyebabkan bahwa suatu hak atau kewajiban dalam suatu perhubungan hukum tidak dilaksanakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 262, "width": 207, "height": 176, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Keadaan memaksa ini dapat bersifat absolut dan relatif. Keadaan memaksa dikatakan bersifat mutlak atau absolut bilamana keadaan memaksa tersebut mengakibatkan bahwa suatu hak atau kewajiban dalam perhubungan hukum sama sekali tidak dapat dilaksanakan oleh siapapun dan bagaimanapun juga.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 456, "width": 207, "height": 177, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Sedangkan keadaan memaksa dikatakan bersifat relatif apabila oleh keadaan itu pelaksanaan hak dan kewTajiban pada suatu perhubungan hukum tidak dapat dihilangkan sama sekali dan tidak dapat terjadi bagaimanapun juga, akan tetapi sukarnya dan dengan pengorbanan dari yang harus melaksanakan sedemikian rupa, sehingga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 672, "width": 204, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "10 Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981, Asas-asas Hukum Perdata, Sumur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "patutlah bahwa keharusan untuk melaksanakan hak dan kewajiban yang bersangkutan dianggap lenyap. 10", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 158, "width": 83, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "III. PENUTUP", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 187, "width": 89, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.1. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 216, "width": 206, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Setelah diuraikan secara pokok- pokok mengenai perjanjian sewa beli secara angsuran barang bergerak, maka sebagai penutup dari uraian sampailah kepada kesimpulan dan saransaran sebagai berikut :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 348, "width": 206, "height": 301, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "a. Beralihnya hak milik dari penjual kepada pembeli dalam perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran adalah apabila pembeli telah melunasi angsuran sepeda motor kepada penjual atau didalam perjanjian sewa beli barang bergerak dengan angsuran hak milik atas barang tersebut baru beralih dari tangan penjual kepada pembeli setelah dilunasi atau ditutupnya angsuran tersebut oleh pembeli, dan seketika itu pula penjual menyerahkan hak milik kepada pembeli sehingga pembeli dapat berbuat bebas atas barang tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 672, "width": 206, "height": 24, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Bandung, (Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro II), hal. 63.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 218, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "b. Akibat hukum apabila pembeli lalai dalam membayar angsuran sewa beli sepeda motor adalah : Pembeli diberikan surat peringatan sebanyak tiga kali, Apabila ternyata pembeli tidak memenuhi kewajibannya, maka penjual berhak untuk menarik kembali sepeda motor yang telah di terima oleh pembeli. Sedangkan uang angsuran yang telah dibayarkan oleh pembeli tidak dapat diminta kembali.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 58, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "3.2. Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 207, "height": 198, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "1. Oleh karena perjanjian sewa beli barang bergerak dengan angsuran sangat membantu perekonomian khususnya dibidang transaksi sewa beli, agar hal tersebut meyakinkan dan memberikan kepastian hukum kepada masing-masing pihak hendaknyalah didalam usaha pembentukan Hukum Perjanjian Nasional nantinya mendapat pengaturan yang tersendiri", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 551, "width": 188, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "dan mampu memperkecil hal-hal yang negatif.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 593, "width": 206, "height": 52, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "2. Mengingat perjanjian sewa beli dengan angsuran lahir dari praktek kebiasaan masyarakat hendaknya", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 103, "top": 655, "width": 188, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "didalam pemenuhan rasa keadilan didalam menanggung resiko yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 342, "top": 88, "width": 188, "height": 115, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "timbul diluar kesalahan para pihak, janganlah selalu dibebankan kepada pembeli yang belum menjadi pemilik barang tersebut, namun hendaknya diadakan pembagian menanggung resiko yang sama diantara para pihak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 233, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "DAFTAR BACAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 262, "width": 206, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Abdulkadir Muhammad, 1982, Hukum Perikatan, Alumni Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 311, "width": 202, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Achmad Uchsan,1977, Hukum Perdata,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 332, "width": 132, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Pembimbing masa, Jakarta", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 360, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Isa Arief, 1979, Hukum Perdata, dan Hukum Dagang, Alumni Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 407, "width": 208, "height": 35, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Purwahid Patrik,1997,. “Dasar-Dasar Hukum Perikatan” , Bandar Maju", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 459, "width": 206, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Soetojo Prawiro Namidjojo.R, Marthalana Pohan, 1984, Bab-bab Tentang Hukum Benda, Cet. Pertama, PT. Bina Ilmu, Surabaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 550, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Subekti, R, 1980, Pokok pokok Hukum", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 571, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Perdata, Intermasa Jakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 599, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Subekti, R. 1982, Aneka Perjanjian,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 359, "top": 620, "width": 86, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Alumni Bandung", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 324, "top": 649, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Suryodiningrat, 1997, Asas-asas Hukum Perikatan, Transito, Bandung", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 206, "height": 32, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981, Asas-asas Hukum Perdata, Sumur Bandung,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 88, "width": 409, "height": 115, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 612, "page_height": 792, "text": "(Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro II) Wirjono Prodjodikoro, 1981, Hukum Perdata Tentang Persetujuan- Persetujuan Tertentu, Cet. Ketujuh, Sumber Bandung (Selanjutnya disebut Wirjono Prodjodikoro I)", "type": "Table" } ]

98ba036e-1e93-5b00-b746-abeb62e0be58

http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR/article/download/384/269

[ { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "91", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 183, "top": 123, "width": 231, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adolescent’ Experiences Using Pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 225, "top": 150, "width": 147, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariyati*, Eva Zuliana, Arifianto", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 84, "top": 161, "width": 430, "height": 32, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Universitas Widya Husada Semarang, Jln. Subali Raya No. 12 Krapyak Semarang Jawa Tengah, Indonesia 50146 *[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 265, "top": 208, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 219, "width": 444, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The experience of teenagers using pornography in Semarang City has greatly increased. Many teenagers don’t understand what the harm use pornography harm. The impacts that occur include difficulty concentrating, not focusing while studying, daydreaming, hallucinations, increased sexual appetite with masturbation and masturbation. Adolescents become more precocious and they had sex before marriage. This study aims to explore the experiences of adolescents who access pornography at SMA Setia Budhi Semarang City. The sampling technique used purposive sampling to determine the appropriate sample, namely adolescents who accessed pornographic media for more than 2 months. This type of research is qualitative with a descriptive phenomenology approach. Obtained data saturation in the fifth participant. Data collection through in-depth interviews (in depth interviews) and field notes (field notes). Researcher's data analysis was carried out after and during the study and the validity of the data by using member checking. This study resulted in 4 themes, namely the supporting factors for adolescents in using pornography, increasing the frequency of using pornography, the response of adolescents when using pornography, and the perceived impact of using pornography. The main reason why teenagers access pornography is due to the invitation of their friends and their own desires, so that the desire to access pornography appears continuously. This results in adolescents having difficulty concentrating, learning problems, difficulty sleeping and the desire to try and imitate seen sexual behavior.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 415, "width": 217, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : phenomenology; pornography; teenagers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 103, "top": 439, "width": 376, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "First Received 18 December 2020 Revised 24 December 2020 Accepted 28 January 2020 Final Proof Received 08 February 2021 Published 21 February 2021", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 486, "width": 113, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "How to cite (in APA style)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 495, "width": 444, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariyati, M., Zuliana, E., & Arifianto, A. (2021). Adolescent’ Experiences Using Pornography. Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, 3(1), 91-100. https://doi.org/10.37287/ijghr.v3i1.384", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 546, "width": 99, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 560, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The rapid advancement of technology has an impact on the lives of teenagers. The role of information technology or electronic media, especially the internet, has made the world more accessible. The internet has the ability to inform various world events continuously for 24 hours (A. Kurniawan, 2018). Current technology devices make it easy for its users to enjoy application features related to social media. Pornography in mass media includes videos and photos of women dressed in sexy or unclothed clothes, writings depicting sexual relations in various print media, sex scenes in cinema films, web videos and video player. Likewise, youtube with various pornographic shows which are mostly accessed by teenagers (Nugroho, 2016).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 698, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study showed that print and electronic media with pornographic content have a significant influence with adolescent sexual behavior as indicated by the Sig. 0,000 or <0.05 (Ambarsari, 2018). According to Ibrahim et al, in 2018 the reason underlying teenagers using pornography among teenagers wants to get pleasure and increase their sexual desire. About 20% children and adolescents suffer from mental and behavioral disorders due to exposure to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 102, "top": 34, "width": 322, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 52, "width": 347, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Volume 3 Number 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 e-ISSN 2715-1972 ; p-ISSN 2714-9749 http://jurnal.globalhealthsciencegroup.com/index.php/IJGHR", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 56, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "92", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 457, "height": 204, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pornography (Haney, 2004). Based on the stud about Behavioral Cognitive Therapy and Self- Help Group Therapy to Deal with Adolescent Anxiety with Pornography Addiction. These mental disorders include anxiety as much as 13%, behavior disorders as much as 16% and emotional disorders as much as 6.2% which occurs at the age of 9-17 years. In addition, adolescents also experience depression, have suicidal thoughts, compulsive behavior, addiction and even criminal behavior. The more serious impacts are sexually transmitted diseases, HIV / AIDS, unwanted pregnancy and mental disorders in adolescents themselves (Yati & Aini, 2018). The prevalence in Indonesia is 80% of internet users. According to data in Central Java, the prevalence of adolescents using pornography has increased every year. In 2017 there were 94% of teenagers and an increase in 2018 by 98%. Data in the city of Semarang, the number of adolescents exposed to pornography is 34.7% (Mariyati et al., 2018). Accessing pornography is a deviant behavior, because it is expected to be the basis for making policies related to the use of social media in students as well as supporting government policies related to efforts to combat cases of sexual deviation (Siyoto et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 304, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study showed more men access pornography than women, namely 78 men (65%) and 42 women (35%). Based on the education level of junior high school (SMP) adolescents, namely 63 people (52.5%) and SMA (51 people (42.5%) and there are 3 elementary school (SD) levels and college 3 people (2.5%) (Pahlawan & Wijayanti, 2018). There is a relationship between dating and exposure to pornography (A. Kurniawan, 2018). Since the purpose of this study to explore the experiences of adolescents using pornography, so this research used a qualitative study with a phenomenological approach. The importance of this research is to provide knowledge to adolescents about the impact using pornography and the importance of the role of parents to assist children in their development process.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The method used in this research is a qualitative research method through a descriptive phenomenology approach. This study explores the experiences of adolescents who access pornography with the aim of learning everything related to their experiences. This study was done in June-August 2020 at SMA Setia Budhi Semarang City. The study population was adolescents who had accessed pornography, based on information from the counseling guidance teacher, there were 12 students who were recorded as having accessed pornography while at school. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, namely adolescents who had accessed at least 2 months in order to be able to tell their experiences. Data collection by in-depth interviews. In the data analysis process, data saturation was obtained in the fifth participant. Data analysis was carried out by transcribing data, identifying important statements and keywords, categorizing keywords into categories, concluding categories into meaningful themes. The study was conducted after an ethical test at the Health Research Ethics Committee with Number 05 / EC-LPPM / UWHS / I-2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 159, "height": 25, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS Characteristics of participants", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study involved 5 participants who sharing their experiences of using pornography. The characteristics of the participants are described in table 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "93", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 83, "width": 410, "height": 109, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Characteristics of participants based on age, sex and religion. No Initial Code Age Gender 1. Sdr. Ah P1 16 years old Male 2. Sdr. Ad P2 15 years old Male 3. Sdr. Ri P3 17 years old Male 4. Sdr. Sa P4 16 years old Male 5. Sdr. Cin P5 17 years old Woman", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 210, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1 shows that 80% of the participants are male, the range of age is 15-17 years, so that all participants can be concluded that they are in the adolescent development phase.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 248, "width": 102, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme of Research", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 261, "width": 457, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study resulted in 4 themes, namely the supporting factors for adolescents in using pornography, increasing the frequency of using pornography, the response of adolescents when using pornography, and the perceived impact of using pornography. The description of each theme is as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 327, "width": 338, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 1 : Supporting Factors for Adolescent Using Pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 340, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants said that they have known pornographic media for a long time, some have just met from their friends and some know from the advertising media or the timeline. This theme is formed from several categories and keywords as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 382, "width": 456, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accidentally saw porn media \"See the sexy body on the timeline, accidentally\" (P1) \"When I opened my parents' cellphone, it turned out that there were pictures of one sister ...\" (P2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 451, "width": 59, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Invite peers", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 464, "width": 381, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I know porn shows from my friend's father and open a porn application\" (P3) From the google application site then watch it together with friends \"(P5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 506, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Self-curiosity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 520, "width": 388, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I was curious about what porn was like, then I looked for the application\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 557, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 2: Adolescent response when using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 571, "width": 456, "height": 52, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "When using pornography, the response felt by adolescents was different. Adolescents experience unusual feelings, shock, disgust, nervousness, the blood in the body suddenly warms up, and dreams. This theme is explained by participant statements as follows: Feelings that arise", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 626, "width": 455, "height": 94, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If you see the sexy one immediately excited, her body suddenly gets warm\" (P2) \"Ahhh it's normal to see that, because now many people wear clothes that open like that\" (P5) b. Imagine \"So many banyangin no- no, as I see it\" (P3) \"Then imagine, for example, I was with my girlfriend, delicious like that\" (P2) \"Sometimes I feel like what I watch, eventually my semen comes out\" (P1) c. Shocked and disgusting", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 723, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Wow, how come it turns out like that, I didn't expect and I was surprised that there was such a spectacle\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 750, "width": 285, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Gradually disgusted myself to see that, dizzy myself\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "94", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 120, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Shame and fear of sin", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 97, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If you look at having sex, it's really disgusting, like you want to throw up. And I'm embarrassed too, how come I see it, sometimes I'm afraid of sins \"P5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 207, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 3: Increased use to pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Initially the participants were curious and joined in using pornographic content. But over time, there was a desire to access pornographic content until it became a necessity. This theme is explained by participant statements as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 207, "width": 448, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Participants said the situation when using pornography. Starting from the intention and the situation is safe \"(P1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 249, "width": 431, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If I have the opportunity to watch pornographic videos, the opportunity is if I am alone\"", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 276, "width": 418, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"If I want to see porn videos at night before going to bed and my family situation is all sleeping\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 318, "width": 381, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Through the Yandex website, rarely ...., maybe only 2 to 3 times a month \"(P5)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 346, "width": 205, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 4: Impact of using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 359, "width": 446, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pornography causes adolescents to have learning problems, lazy to socialize, have problems with their parents, change their appearance, behavior and increase their sexual needs. This is evidenced by the following participant statements:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 414, "width": 103, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Problems in learning", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 428, "width": 436, "height": 39, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"Lack of focus on school, lazy to study ..\" (P1) \"I don't concentrate during lessons, if I always daydream and imagine the videos I watch\" (P2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 483, "width": 109, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Change in appearance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 497, "width": 451, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"In the past, my appearance was normal ... and since I knew porn, my appearance changed a little to make it more attractive\" (P1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 539, "width": 104, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lack of socialization", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 552, "width": 447, "height": 25, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I tend to close myself more and like to be at home, because the situation is very supportive\" (P1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 594, "width": 122, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Increased sexual activity", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 361, "height": 24, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "\"I tried that with my girlfriend ...\" (P2) \"I often have dirty thoughts when I see objects that lead to sexuality.\" (P4)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 76, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 663, "width": 348, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 1: Supporting Factors for Adolescent in Using Pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 677, "width": 457, "height": 93, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The participants said that the way to access pornography from peers was to know and be invited from school friends, my friend sent me videos via Bluetooth, and via my friend's father's laptop. The study showed that the greater the negative influence of peers, the more adolescents have a tendency to behave sexually at risk. That boys are more risk of having sexual behavior than girls. Male is more aggressive, open, persistent and overt sexual behavior and find it difficult to hold back than girls. Adolescents who have low knowledge have a greater chance of having risky sexual behavior than adolescents who have high", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "95", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "knowledge. The category of pornography access in Kalipare MTS X are mostly classified as rare as 72.5%, while the good category was 25.7%, and the category never is 1.8% (Siyoto et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The study about The Effect of Exposure to Pornography and Peer Media on Adolescent Sex Behavior. The Beginning of How to Access Pornography on peers from their closest friends and the environment around the teenager, including school friends, hanging out friends, and the home environment, Incidents of using pornography in online schools using learning applications and web advertisements that contain pornographic images, examples of news Finally, this teenager apparently wanted to know about pornographic images that were not supervised by her parents while studying (Pujiati & Handayani, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 249, "width": 457, "height": 176, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants have explained that the initial method of using pornography is usually with school friends or close friends in their environment. That in their environment teenagers like to hang out at the patrol post with their friends and various stories to discuss how to access pornography, while school friends are one of the teenagers who know how to using pornography and then invite other friends to watch together during class breaks. The current digital era internet users increasing widely and easily. This is evidenced by more people using digital tools such as smartphones and tablet to access any information via the internet. In addition to bringing a good impact in the form of easier communication with anyone and anywhere, but it also appears the various harms are not inevitable, especially for children and young people. Advances in technology have nowadays made it easy for teens to obtain information from the mass media. Information such as this tends to be adolescent sexual problems on pilings and sexual behavior that is not responsible, such as advertising porn and porn movie very much found on the internet (Putri et al., 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 442, "width": 289, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 2: Adolescent response when using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 457, "height": 94, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants said that their feelings when using pornography were undecided, daydreaming, imagining, and very curious. This study are supported by previous research that the sense of using pornography, curiosity is higher, wants to experience sex, imagines wanting to do it with their partner, afraid to access pornography caught with parents. Participants have mentioned the feelings when using pornography that the teenagers feel want to know more. Some teenagers have even more extreme imaginations, and dream of having sex with their partners (Ningsih, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 566, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the interview participants said that the feeling after using pornography was that they were afraid of being caught by their parents and there was no feeling of exaggeration. The previous study about the Relationship of Religiosity with the Intensity of Using Pornography on Students of Hasyim Asy'ari Pekalongan High School. A teenager begins to care about sexual attraction and begins to feel the feeling between love and lust so that the interest and sensitivity regarding sexuality is very great. Adolescents was attracted to find and explore related to sexuality (Puspitasari et al., 2019). Pornographic sites circulating on the internet are increasingly prevalent and make it easier for a teenager to fulfill his curiosity about sexuality. That the internet can make it easier for someone to access various sites according to their wants and needs. On other side, the internet network can make it easier for a person to access information quickly, but it will have a bad impact if the internet network is used to access inappropriate sites such as pornography, causing addiction and will emerge with feelings of pleasure and satisfaction after seeing porn scenes causing adolescents.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 56, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "96", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 456, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants have mentioned feelings after using pornography that there are no feelings that are very excessive and some are very excessive, when watching pornography at night they are afraid of suddenly being caught by their parents, feeling very good, the average level of teenage curiosity is higher and wants to access more pornography large.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 152, "width": 218, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 3: Increased using to pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 166, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Time and situation when using pornography obtained from in-depth interviews. The results of the interview participants stated that when they access pornography via the internet, they are usually accessed when the house is quiet. The previous study about Relationship of Intensity at Access to Pornography and Adolescent Sexuality. That teenagers usually access these negative content when they are alone, not around many people and in the absence of parents (Purnomo, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 262, "width": 457, "height": 122, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "According to (Hilton & Watts, 2011), a neurological study of addiction suggests that not only do the chemical changes in the brain that are known to occur at the beginning of an addiction, but the anatomy and pathological changes could also occur, resulting in hypofrontality syndrome. This syndrome included: compulsively, impulsively, and emotional. Impassivity is the root of addiction that can eventually harm if it doesn’t put into the processing of the right frontal lobe. Individuals with a sexual addiction have been known to relieve their sexual impulses by means of the consumption of pornography and may experience a lot of non- physical consequences of sexual addiction through the consumption of pornography (Reid, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 401, "width": 457, "height": 135, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participant explained that they used pornography when alone and without their parents at home. The results of the interview participants said that the situation when using pornography is usually when they are not around many people. The previous study about The Relationship between Using Porn Sites through the Media and Sexual Behavior. The definition of sexual is behavior that arises because of sexual urges. This sexual behavior is all behavior with the opposite sex or with the same sex. That using this sexual material is for curiosity or for entertainment and is satisfied with the availability of the desired sexual material. Based on the results of interviews with participants, it started with the intention and the situation was safe, when the hours were empty or there were no lessons, when the house was quiet, and my family was all sleeping (W. P. Kurniawan, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 553, "width": 192, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Theme 4: Impact using pornography", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 566, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The results of the interview participants said that the style or way of dressing began to change to become more attractive. The study showed that pornography is a cause of socialization, has a widespread impact on cultural beliefs about women and sexual roles (Dusra, 2017). The previous study about The Relationship of Self-Control with the Change in Behavioral Tendency of Using Porn Sites in Adolescents. One of the tasks of adolescent development is the formation of new and more mature relationships with the opposite sex, and playing an appropriate role with their sex. A teenager faces developmental tasks related to physical changes and social roles that are happening to him. The tasks of development include accepting their (changing) physical condition and utilizing them with peers of any gender, accepting their respective sexual roles (male or female) and preparing for marriage and family life (Leonardhi, 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Participants said they were more attractive, and paid attention to their lifestyle. That teenagers are starting to open up to new things that are more attractive, such as dressing in a sexy or feminine way. That lifestyle is from human needs that can change depending on the times or", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "97", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "someone's desire to change his lifestyle. Because teenagers are more willing to try and imitate.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 124, "width": 457, "height": 177, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The participants stated that the change in attitudes towards pornographic media referred to in this study is promiscuity with their environment, self-isolation from parents, and confining themselves in the room. The results of this study are the same as the results of the journal Mawaddah in 2017 Changes in Attitudes of Adolescent towards Using Pornography. In the journal, it is stated that the attitude of one of the most disturbing things is the problem of lazy change with learning activities, locking yourself in a room, and promiscuity. Previous study showed 3 distinct pornography-use profiles emerged: nonproblematic low- frequency pornography use (68-73% of individuals), nonproblematic high- frequency pornography use (19- 29% of individuals), and problematic high-frequency use (3- 8% of individuals). Nonproblematic and problematic high- frequency-use groups showed differences in several constructs (ie, hypersexuality, depressive symptoms, boredom susceptibility, self-esteem, uncomfortable feelings regarding pornography, and basic psychological needs) (Tóth-király et al., 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 318, "width": 457, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The previous study about the Effect of Pornography on Knowledge and Behavior of Sexual Attitudes in Cerbon Mandiri High School Students. That this attitude is a tendency to behave in response to changes in the environment. In support of information through interviews and observations of students at the school, it is possible that pornographic media will influence sexual behavior, including the level of knowledge and attitudes about sexuality so that adolescents can apply their attitudes and behaviors in everyday life (Media et al., 2018).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 414, "width": 457, "height": 149, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The average teenager likes to shut himself off, have promiscuity, and shut himself up. The results of the participant interview stated that the change in adolescent behavior became a more closed person and withdrew from the environment. The teenagers access pornographic sites as entertainment, curiosity, to fill their spare time, and so that they are not said to be outdated in using pornographic sites supported by gadget and wifi technology. Adolescent behavior in using pornographic sites is an activity that is formed as a result of repeated habituation. Using pornographic sites by teenagers cannot be separated from the influence of the environment which includes their peer environment, as well as the neglect of their parents. In addition, compensation for parental attention and affection in the form of material enables teenagers to routinely access pornographic sites for hours by utilizing their spare time (Anam, 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 580, "width": 457, "height": 121, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adolescent behavior is the occurrence of imitation of concern. The events in pornographic videos suggest and stimulate young people to imitate or practice what they see. That the behavior of using pornographic sites is a major factor in teenage premarital sexual behavior, such as the influence of personal friends, the environment, and lack of communication with parents (Nugroho, 2016). Perceived addiction to Internet pornography predicted psychological distress above and beyond pornography use itself and other relevant variables (e.g., socially desirable responding, neuroticism). The study revealed a relationship between perceived addiction to Internet pornography and psychological distress over time, even when controlling for baseline psychological distress and pornography use (Grubbs et al., 2015).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 718, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 732, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the research results obtained from the Exploration of Experiences on Adolescents Using Pornography at Setia Budhi High School, Semarang City, at first knowing that there were two kinds of access to pornography, namely peers and the internet. The internet is what", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 56, "width": 124, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Global Health Science Group", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "98", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 83, "width": 457, "height": 108, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "is often used to access pornography for teenagers. Teenagers often use the internet to access pornography from web advertisements, ads that often appear on google, timeline, and google applications. There are two responses of adolescents who access pornography, namely feelings after using pornography and feelings when using pornography that is felt by the dean, daydreaming, imagining, being very curious, afraid of being caught by parents, and there is no feeling of exaggeration. Teenagers are increasingly using pornography because of their wants and needs. This has an impact on changes in appearance, changes in attitude, changes in behavior, and cognitive changes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 207, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 221, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ambarsari, P. I. (2018). Peran Media Dengan Konten Pornografi. Publikasi Ilmiah . http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/70837", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 259, "width": 314, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anam, K. (2015). Perilaku Remaja Mengakses Situs Pornografi .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 282, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dusra, E. (2017). Pengaruh Media Internet terhadap Perilaku Menyimpang Remaja di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 1 Maros. Perintis’s Health Journal , 5 , 30–42. https://repositori.uin-alauddin.ac.id/5610/1/ERNA DUSRA.pdf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 334, "width": 457, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Grubbs, J. B., Stauner, N., Exline, J. J., Pargament, K. I., & Lindberg, M. J. (2015). Perceived Addiction to Internet Pornography and Psychological Distress: Examining Relationships Concurrently and Over Time. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors : Journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors , 29 (4), 1056–1067. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000114", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 410, "width": 457, "height": 28, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Haney, J. M. (2004). Teenagers and Pornography Addiction : Treating the Silent Epidemic . 49–52.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 451, "width": 456, "height": 24, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hilton, D. L., & Watts, C. (2011). Pornography addiction: A neuroscience perspective. Surgical Neurology International , 2 , 19. https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.76977", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurniawan, A. (2018). Hubungan Akses Situs Porno Dengan Persepsi Remaja Tentang Pornografi (Studi Di SMPN 3 Jombang) . 63.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 526, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurniawan, W. P. (2014). Hubungan Antara Mengakses Situs Porno Lewat Media Internet dengan Perilaku Seksual .", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 563, "width": 456, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Leonardhi, A. (2018). Hubungan kontrol diri dengan kecenderungan perilaku mengakses situs porno", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 359, "top": 577, "width": 169, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pada remaja .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 591, "width": 419, "height": 39, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&source=web&rct=j&url=http://eprints.umm.ac.id/39 233/1/skripsi.pdf&ved=2ahUKEwiZi6TW06DoAhXOdn0KHViKAW0QFjAAegQIAx AB&usg=AOvVaw1qee2q3PhyGJK_JTU0b_Du", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 642, "width": 456, "height": 53, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mariyati, Daulima, N. H., & Mustikasari. (2018). Terapi Kognitif Perilaku Dan Terapi Kelompok Swabantu Untuk Menangani Ansietas Remaja Dengan Kecanduan Pornografi Cognitive Behavioural Therapy And Self Help Group For Anxiety In Adolescence With Phornography Addiction. Unissula Press , 12 , 122–132.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 708, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media, P., Pengetahuan, P. T., Dan, S., Seksual, P., Hannah, S., Primita, Y., & Primita, H. Y. (2018). Pengaruh Media Pornografi Terhadap Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Perilaku Seksual Pada Siswasma-Smk Mandiricirebon. OASIS : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Islam , 2 (2), 62.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 759, "width": 456, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ningsih, N. C. K. (2015). Pengaruh Sikap, Kelekatan dan Faktor Demografi Terhadap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 513, "top": 803, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "99", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 99, "top": 83, "width": 258, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perilaku Menonton Pornografi Online pada Remaja .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 456, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nugroho, R. A. (2016). Paparan Pornografi dari Media Sosial dan Perilaku Berpacaran SMK X . http://repository.uinjkt.ac.id/dspace/bitstream/123456789/53990/1/RICHO AGUNG NUGROHO - FKIK.pdf", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 158, "width": 457, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pahlawan, R., & Wijayanti, A. C. (2018). Hubungan antara Pengetahuan dan Paparan Media Massa dengan Perilaku Pacaran Remaja. Kes Mas: Jurnal Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat , 12 (1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.12928/kesmas.v12i1.6908", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 210, "width": 457, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pujiati, E., & Handayani, D. S. (2018). Pengaruh Paparan Media Pornografi dan Teman Sebaya Terhadap Perilaku Seks Remaja Kabupaten Kudus. 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February , 1036–1042.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 457, "height": 41, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reid, R. C. (2012). The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents : A Review of The Impact of Internet Pornography on Adolescents : A Review of the Research . July 2015 . https://doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2012.660431", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 439, "width": 457, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Siyoto, S., Dwianggimawati, M., Mada, U. G., & Sodik, M. A. (2018). The Effect of Pornography Accessity to Influence Sexual", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 99, "top": 453, "width": 428, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Behavior . December . https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.02062.4", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 491, "width": 457, "height": 24, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tóth-király, I., Potenza, M. N., & Orosz, G. (2020). High-Frequency Pornography Use May Not Always Be Problematic . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.007", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 528, "width": 456, "height": 39, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Yati, M., & Aini, K. (2018). Studi Kasus: Dampak Tayangan Pornografi Terhadap Perubahan Psikososial Remaja. Jurnal Ilmu Dan Teknologi Kesehatan , 9 (2), 64–71. https://doi.org/10.33666/jitk.v9i2.189", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 45, "width": 362, "height": 20, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, Vol 3 No 1, February 2021, pp. 91 - 100 Global Health Science Group", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 508, "top": 803, "width": 19, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "100", "type": "Page footer" } ]

1fc6a0db-f8e7-15fd-5437-72462db67488

https://jurnal.polibatam.ac.id/index.php/JAAT/article/download/1190/720

[ { "left": 74, "top": 45, "width": 194, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 467, "top": 45, "width": 56, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article History", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 56, "width": 123, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 4, No. 1, March 2019, 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 440, "top": 56, "width": 84, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received March, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 74, "top": 67, "width": 72, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "e-ISSN: 2548-9925", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 439, "top": 67, "width": 84, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accepted March, 2019", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 95, "top": 152, "width": 412, "height": 86, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengaruh Karakteristik Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit (Studi Kasus pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di Surakarta)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 169, "top": 263, "width": 259, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lintang Kurniawati a , Nur Kholis b,* dan Hestin Mutmainah c", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 276, "width": 433, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a Fakultas Ekonomika dan Bisnis, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, [email protected], Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 299, "width": 335, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surakarta, [email protected], Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 134, "top": 310, "width": 331, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Surakarta, [email protected], Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 353, "width": 462, "height": 59, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of auditor characteristics (competence, independence and accountability) on audit quality. Respondents from this study were auditors of the public accountant office in Surakarta consisting of 45 respondents, the research method used in this study was purposive sampling and tested using multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that competence and accountability influence audit quality, this shows that the more competent an auditor and auditor who has good accountability will affect the quality of the audited, while Independence does not affect audit quality.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 425, "width": 246, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: competence, independence, accountability, audit quality", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 465, "width": 62, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 489, "width": 218, "height": 216, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kantor akuntan publik merupakan sebuah organisasi yang bergerak di bidang jasa. Jasa yang diberikan KAP dapat berupa jasa audit kepatuhan, audit operasional, dan audit laporan keuangan (Arens & Loebbecke, 2003). Berdasarkan Buku Direktori 2017 mengenai KAP dan AP tercatat jumlah anggota IAPI adalah sebanyak 3.657 orang yang terdiri dari AP 1.215 orang, rekan non AP sebanyak 43 orang, pemegang CPA non AP sebanyak 767 orang. Staf KAP dan anggota perorangan lainnya sebanyak 1.632 orang. Para anggota IAPI tersebut bekerja di 523 KAP, yaitu 397 Kantor pusat dan 126 kantor cabang di seluruh Indonesia, serta bekerja di perusahaan dan berbagai instansi pemerintah atau lembaga. Sebagian anggota IAPI pemegang izin Akuntan Publik juga terdaftar di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), sektor pasar modal sebanyak 607 orang yang tergabung dalam Forum Akuntan Pasar Modal atau (FAPM). Sedangkan sebagian Akuntan Publik lainnya terdaftar", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 727, "width": 198, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "* Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Footnote" }, { "left": 312, "top": 465, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "di OJK sektor perbankan berjumlah 355 orang, dan sektor IKNB sebanyak 218 orang sementara jumlah KAP yang terdaftar di Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan Republik Indonesia adalah sebanyak 169 KAP. Kantor Akuntan Publik tersebut tersebar di daerah-daerah Indonesia, untuk di kota Surakarta sendiri pada tahun 2017 terdapat 20 KAP.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 546, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sampai saat ini tidak mudah untuk mengukur kualitas jasa secara objektif dengan berbagai indikator. Hal ini karena kualitas jasa adalah sebuah konsep yang sulit dipahami dan kabur, sehingga kerap kali terdapat kesalahan dan menentukan sifat dan kualitasnya (Parasuraman, et al dalam Nurchasanah dan Rahmawati (2003)).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 626, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas audit merupakan hal penting yang harus dipertahankan oleh para auditor dalam proses pengauditan. Jika seorang auditor melaksanakan pekerjaannya secara profesional maka audit yang disajikan akan berkualitas (De Angelo, 1981). AAA Finance Accounting Standart Commitee (2000) dalam Christiawan (2002) menyatakan bahwa: “kualitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "59", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "audit ditentukan oleh dua hal, yaitu kompetensi (keahlian) dan independensi, kedua hal tersebut berpengaruh langsung terhadap auditor dan secara profesional saling mempengaruhi.”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 176, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain itu untuk dapat memenuhi kualitas audit yang baik maka auditor dalam menjalankan profesinya sebagai pemeriksa harus berpedoman pada kode etika akuntan. Standar profesi dan standar akuntansi keuangan yang berlaku di Indonesia. Akuntan publik atau auditor independen dalam menjalankan tugasnya harus memegang prinsip- prinsip profesi. IAI mengatakan bahwa audit yang dilakukan auditor dikatakan berkualitas, jika memenuhi standar auditing dan standar pengendalian mutu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 303, "width": 218, "height": 158, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kurangnya independensi auditor dan maraknya manipulasi akuntansi membuat kepercayaan para pemakai laporan keuangan mulai menurun sehingga pemakai laporan keuangan seperti investor dan kreditor mempertanyakan eksistensi akuntan publik sebagai pihak independen. Oleh karena itu sikap mental independen harus dimiliki oleh setiap auditor. Auditor harus independen dari setiap kewajiban atau independen dari pemilikan kepentingan dalam perusahaan yang diaudit. Auditor tidak hanya berkewajiban mempertahankan sikap mental independen, tetapi juga harus menghindari keadaan- keadaan yang dapat mengakibatkan masyarakat merasakan independensinya (Arifah, 2012).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 464, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kompetensi dan independensi yang dimiliki auditor dalam penerapannya akan terkait dengan etika. Akuntan mempunyai kewajiban untuk menjaga standar perilaku etis tertinggi mereka kepada organisasi di mana mereka bernaung, profesi mereka, masyarakat dan diri mereka sendiri di mana akuntan memiliki tanggung jawab menjadi kompeten dan untuk menjaga integritas dan objektifitas mereka (Nugrahaningsih, 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 567, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karakteristik auditor yang juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas audit adalah akuntabilitas. Apa dan bagaimana tingkat akuntabilitas individu mempengaruhi kualitas hasil pekerjaan dan interaksinya dengan faktor atau variabel lain, pada dasarnya masih belum jelas dan masih kontradiktif. Kennedy (1993) memperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa tinggi rendahnya akuntabilitas seorang individu dapat mengurangi terjadinya perbedaan persepsi untuk belajar M.B.A tetapi tidak pada auditor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 682, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang di atas maka pertanyaan penelitian yang akan disampaikan dalam penelian ini adalah menguji pengaruh kompetensi, independensi dan akuntabilitas terhadap kualitas audit KAP di Surakarta.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 74, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kajian Literatur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 154, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kompetensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 177, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Lee dan Stone (1995) mendefinisikan kompetensi sebagai suatu keahlian yang cukup secara eksplisit dapat digunakan untuk melakukan audit secara objektif. Hasil penelitian Bonner (1990) menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan mengenai spesifik tugas membantu kinerja auditor berpengalaman melalui komponen pemilihan dan pembobotan bukti hanya pada saat penetapan risiko analitis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 269, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "De Angelo (1981) dalam Kartika Widhi (2005) memproksikan kompetensi ke dalam dua komponen yaitu pengetahuan dan pengalaman.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 310, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Pengetahuan Pengetahuan diukur dari seberapa tinggi pendidikan seorang auditor karena dengan demikian auditor akan mempunyai semakin banyak pengetahuan (pandangan) mengenai bidang yang digelutinya sehingga dapat mengetahui berbagai masalah secara lebih mendalam. Selain itu, auditor akan lebih mudah dalam mengikuti perkembangan yang semakin kompleks (Meinhard et al, 1987).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 413, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk melakukan tugas pengauditan, auditor memerlukan pengetahuan pengauditan (umum dan khusus) dan pengetahuan mengenai bidang pengauditan, akuntansi dan industri klien. Secara umum ada lima jenis pengetahuan yang harus dimiliki auditor yaitu (1) pengetahuan umum, (2) area fungsional, (3) isu akuntansi, (4) industri khusus, (5) pengetahuan bisnis umum serta penyelesaian masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 511, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Pengalaman Menurut Loecher (2002) dalam Elfarini (2007) pengalaman merupakan akumulasi gabungan dari semua yang diperoleh melalui berhadapan dan berinteraksi secara berulang-ulang dengan sesama benda alam, keadaan, gagasan, dan penginderaan. Pengetahuan auditor tentang audit akan semakin berkembang dengan bertambahnya pengalaman kerja. Pengalaman kerja akan meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya komplesitas kerja (Herliansyah dan Meifida, 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 650, "width": 56, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 673, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi merupakan terjemahan kata independence yang berasal dari bahasa Inggris yang artinya “dalam keadaan independen”, adapun arti kata independen bermakna “tidak tergantung” atau dikendalikan oleh orang lain atau benda, tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "mendasarkan pada diri pada orang lain, bertindak atau berpikir sesuai denga kehendak hati, bebas dari pengendalian orang lain, tidak dipengaruhi oleh orang lain, tidak dipengaruhi oleh orang lain. Menurut Arens et al. (2008:111), independensi dalam audit berarti mengambil sudut pandang yang tidak biasa. Independensi sangat penting bagi auditor untuk dijaga dalam melaksanakan tanggung jawabnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 222, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Halim (2008:46), independensi merupakan suatu cerminan sikap dari seseorang auditor untuk tidak memilih pihak siapapun dalam melakukan audit. Independensi adalah pandangan yang tidak berprasangka dan tidak memihak dalam melakukan tes-tes audit, evaluasi dan hasil-hasilnya, dan penerbitan laporan, dan merupakan alasan utama kepercayaan masyarakat (Wirakusumah dan Agoes 2003:8).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 326, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Supriyono (1998) dalam Wati dan Subroto (2003) telah melakukan penelitian mengenai independensi auditor di Indonesia. Penelitian ini mempelajari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi independensi auditor yaitu (1) ikatan keputusan keuangan dan hubungan usaha dengan klien; (2) persaingan antar KAP; (3) pemberian jasa lain selain jasa audit; (4) lama penugasan audit; (5) besar kantor audit; dan (6) besarnya audit fee .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 441, "width": 56, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 465, "width": 218, "height": 89, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara umum akuntabilitas adalah istilah untuk menggambarkan tingkat pertanggungjawaban seseorang atau lembaga tertentu yang berhubungan dengan sistem administrasi yang dimiliki. Menurut Rasul (2002:8), akuntabilitas adalah kemampuan memberi jawaban kepada mayoritas yang lebih tinggi atas tindakan seseorang atau sekelompok orang terhadap masyarakat luas dalam suatu organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 557, "width": 217, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas adalah bentuk kewajiban mempertanggungjawabkan keberhasilan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 267, "top": 568, "width": 19, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "atau", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 580, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "kegagalan pelaksanaan misi organisasi dalam mencapai tujuan dan sasaran yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya, melalui suatu media pertanggungjawaban yang dilaksanakan secara periodik (Mardiasmo, 2006:3). Menurut Mardiasmo, akuntabilitas dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu akuntabilitas vertikal dan akuntabilitas horizontal. Akuntabilitas vertikal adalah akuntabilitas berupa pertanggungjawaban yang dilakukan kepada atasan, sedangkan akuntabilitas horizontal adalah akuntabilitas berupa pertanggungjawaban yang dilakukan kepada orang atupun lembaga yang setara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Mahmudi (2010:23), akuntabilitas adalah kewajiban agen (pemerintah) untuk mengelola sumber daya, melaporkan dan mengungkapkan segala aktivitas dan kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan sumber daya publik kepada pemberi mandat (prinsipal). Menurut Mahmudi, akuntabilitas dalam lembaga publik dapat dibagi menjadi lima bagian yaitu; (1) akuntabilitas hukum dan kejujuran, (2) akuntabilitas manajerial, (3) akuntabilitas program, (4) akuntabilitas kebijakan, dan (5) akuntabilitas finansial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 281, "width": 110, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pengembangan Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 304, "width": 217, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari uraian dan kerangka pemikiran di atas, diperoleh anggapan dasar dan hipotesis atas variabel- variabel sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 345, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Pengaruh kompentensi auditor terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 368, "width": 218, "height": 193, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitian Deis dan Giroux (1992) menyatakan bahwa lama waktu auditor melakukan kerjasama dengan klien (tenure) berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit, di mana tenure berpengaruh terhadap independensi. Pendapat De Angelo (1981) menyatakan bahwa independensi merupakan hal yang penting selain kemampuan teknik auditor. Menurut Agusti dan Pertiwi (2013) semakin tinggi kompetensi yang dimiliki auditor, maka semakin tinggi pula kualitas audit yang dihasilkan oleh auditor. Agar dapat memberikan jasa audit yang berkualitas, auditor harus memiliki dan mempertahankan kompetensi. Auditor harus selalu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keahlian profesinya pada tingkat yang diperlukan untuk memastikan bahwa KAP di mana mereka bekerja dapat menerima manfaat dari jasa yang diberikan. H 1 : Kompetensi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 571, "width": 203, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Pengaruh independensi terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 583, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi merupakan salah satu hal yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang auditor dalam melakukan tugas pemeriksaan. Independensi menurut standar umum kedua dalam SPAP yaitu dalam semua hal yang berhubungan dengan perikatan, independensi dan sikap harus dipertahankan oleh auditor. Pernyataan dalam standar umum kedua ini menjelaskan bahwa auditor bertanggung jawab untuk dapat mempertahankan sikap independesinya sedemikian rupa sehingga pendapat, kesimpulan, pertimbangan, dan opini dari hasil pemeriksaan tidak memihak dan dipandang tidak memihak oleh pihak manapun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Auditor harus memiliki kemampuan dalam mengumpulkan setiap informasi yang dibutuhkan dalam pengambilan keputusan audit di mana hal tersebut harus didukung oleh sikap independen. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa sikap independen merupakan hal yang melekat pada diri auditor, sehingga independen seperti telah menjadi syarat mutlak yang harus dimiliki. Hasil penelitian oleh Deis dan Giroux (1992) bahwa kemampuan auditor untuk bertahan di bawah tekanan klien, dalam hal ini independensi, tergatung pula oleh etika profesional.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 257, "width": 218, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H 2 : Independensi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 276, "width": 203, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3) Pengaruh akuntabilitas terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 288, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil penelitan Tetclock dan Kim (1987) yang secara umum mengungkapkan bahwa akuntabilitas dapat meningkatkan proses kognitif seseorang, respon yang diberikan dan keputusan-keputusan yang diambil.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 345, "width": 218, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H 3 : Akuntabilitas berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 381, "width": 80, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 404, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dan sampel", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 428, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah semua auditor yang bekerja pada KAP di Surakarta. Sedangkan penelitian ini mengambil dua auditor dari masing- masing KAP untuk dijadikan sampel. Untuk mengirimkan daftar pertanyaan dikirim melalui jasa pos atau diantar langsung bagi perusahaan yang lokasinya terjangkau dan melalui e-mail.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 508, "width": 218, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer yaitu sumber yang diperoleh secara langsung dari sumber asli atau pihak pertama. Sedangkan sumber data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner yaitu memberikan seperangkat pertanyaan atau pernyataan kepada orang lain yang dijadikan responden untuk menjawab.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 589, "width": 106, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 613, "width": 218, "height": 112, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dengan kuesioner sebagai teknik pengumpulan data. kuesioner merupakan daftar pernyataan atau pertanyaan yang disusun secara logis berhubungan dengan masalah penelitian (Sugiyono, 2007:199). Kuesioner diberikan kepada setiap responden di mana kuesioner tersebut menyediakan alternatif jawaban- jawaban yang dapat dipilih responden sebagai jawaban yang mewakili keadaan sebenarnya. Dengan demikian, diharapkan bahwa data yang dikumpulkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 21, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dari kuesioner dapat diolah dan diuji untuk membuktikan relevansi hipotesis yang telah disusun.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 315, "top": 165, "width": 207, "height": 160, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1 Definisi Operasional Variabel Variabel Definisi Operasional Kompetensi Auditor (X1) Kualikasi yang dubutuhkan oleh auditor untuk melaksanakan audit dengan benar. Untuk memperoleh kompentensi tersebut dibutuhkan pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi auditor yang dikenal dengan nama pendidikan profesional berkelanjutan. Independensi Auditor (X2) Sikap mental yang bebas dari pengaruh, tidak dikendalikan oleh orang lain, tidak tergantung pada orang lain. Adanya kejujuran dalam diri auditor dalam mempertimbangkan fakta dan adanya pertimbangan yang obyektif tidak memihak dalam diri auditor dalam merumuskan dan menyatakan pendapat.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 327, "width": 203, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) Dorongan psikologi sosial yang dimiliki seseorang untuk mempertanggungjawabkan sesuatu yang telah mereka kerjakan kepada lingkungannya atau orang lain.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 315, "top": 373, "width": 207, "height": 16, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas Audit (Y) Bagus tidaknya suatu pemeriksaan yang telah dilakukan oleh auditor. Berdasarkan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 386, "top": 391, "width": 125, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SPAP audit yang dilaksanakan auditor dikatakan berkualitas, jika memenuhi ketentuan atau standar pengauditan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 444, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metode Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 468, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kualitas data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 491, "width": 218, "height": 67, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini pada pengujian data kualitatif didapat dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden, maka jawaban dari para responden adalah suatu hal yang sangat penting dalam penelitian ini. Maka untuk menguji data primer dilakukan uji validitas dan reliabilitas, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 566, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Validitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 578, "width": 218, "height": 147, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Validitas berasal dari kata validity yang mempunyai arti sejauh mana ketepatan dan kecermatan suatu alat ukur dalam melakukan fungsi ukurannya (Azwar, 1986). Selain itu validitas adalah suatu alat ukuran yang menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang diukur memang benar-benar variabel yang hendak diteliti oleh peneliti (Cooper dan Schindler, dalam Zulganef, 2006). Ghozali (2009) menyatakan bahwa uji validitas digunakan untuk mengukur sah, atau valid tidaknya suatu kuesioner. Suatu kuesioner dikatakan valid jika pertanyaan pada kuesioner mampu untuk mengungkapkan sesuatu yang akan diukur oleh kuesioner tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 142, "width": 218, "height": 204, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Reliabilitas berasal dari kata reliability adalah keajegan pengukuran (Walizer, 1987). Sugiharto dan Situnjak (2006) menyatakan bahwa reliabilitas menunjuk pada suatu pengertian bahwa instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengertian untuk memperoleh informasi yang digunakan dapat dipercaya sebagai alat pengumpulan data dan mampu mengungkapkan informasi sebenarnya di lapangan. Ghozali (2009) menyatakan bahwa reliabiltas adalah alat untuk mengukur suatu kuesioner yang merupakan indikator dari peubah atau konstruk. Suatu kuesioner dikatakan reliabel atau handal jika jawaban seseorang terhadap pernyataan adalah konsisten atau stabil dari waktu ke waktu. Reliabilitas suatu tes merujuk pada derajat stabilitas, konsistensi, daya prediksi, dan akurasi. Pengukuran yang memiliki reliabilitas yang tinggi adalah pengukuran yang dapat menghasilkan data yang reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 361, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji asumsi klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 384, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 396, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas data bertujuan untuk menguji apakah dalam model regresi, variabel residual memliki distribusi normal (Ghozali 2006). Untuk menguji apakah data-data yang dikumpulkan berdistribusi normal atau tidak dapat dilakukan dengan metode sebagai berikut: Uji statistik sederhana yang sering digunakan untuk menguji asumsi normalitas adalah dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dari Kolmogrov Smirnov. Metode pengujian normal tidaknya distribusi data dilakukan dengan melihat nilai signifikasi variabel jika signifikan lebih besar dari a = 5% maka menunjukkan distribusi data normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 540, "width": 218, "height": 135, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji Heteroskedastisitas Dalam persamaan regresi berganda perlu diuji mengenai sama atau tidak varians dari residual observasi yang satu dengan observasi lainnya. Jika residual mempunyai varians yang sama disebut homoskedastisitas, dan jika varians tidak sama disebut heteroskedastisitas. Analisis uji asumsi heteroskedastisitas hasil output SPSS melalui grafik scatterplot Z prediction (ZPRED) untuk variabel bebas (sumbu X=Y hasil prediksi) dan nilai residualnya (SRESID) merupakan variabel terikat (sumbu Y=Y prediksi –Y riil).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 678, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Homoskedastisitas terjadi jika titik-titik hasil pengolahan data antara ZPRED dan SRESID menyebar di bawah ataupun di atas titik origin (angka 0) pada sumbu dan tidak mempunyai pola yang tertentu. Heteroskedastisitas terjadi jika titik-titik hasil", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pengolahan data antara ZPRED dan SRESID menyebar di bawah ataupun di atas titik origin (angka 0) pada sumbu Y dan tidak mempunyai pola yang tertentu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 182, "width": 101, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 194, "width": 218, "height": 66, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji multikolinearitas bertujuan untuk menguji apakah pada model regresi ditemukan adanya korelasi antar variabel independen (Ghozali 2006). Jika terjadi korelasi, maka dinamakan terdapat problem multikolinearitas. Model regresi yang baik seharusnya tidak terjadi korelasi di antara variabel independen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 263, "width": 218, "height": 147, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji multikolinieritas pada penelitian dilakukan dengan matriks korelasi. Pengujian ada tidaknya gejala multikolinearitas dilakukan dengan memperhatikan nilai matriks korelasi yang dihasilkan pada saat pengolahan data serta nilai VIF (Variance Inflation Faktor) dan tolerance-nya. Apabila nilai matriks korelasi tidak ada yang lebih besar dari 0,5 maka dapat dikatakan data yang akan dianalisis terlepas dari gejala multkolinearitas. Kemudian apabila nilai VIF berada di bawah 10 dan nilai Tolerance lebih dari 0,1 maka diambil kesimpulan bahwa model regresi tersebut tidak terdapat problem multikolinearitas (Ghozali 2006).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 418, "width": 86, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Uji Autokorelasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 430, "width": 218, "height": 112, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji autokorelasi menggunakan uji Durbin-Watson Test (DW), dimaksudkan untuk menguji adanya kesalahan pengganggu pada periode 1 dengan kesalahan pengganggu pada periode sebelumnya -1. Keadaan tersebut mengakibatkan pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen namun juga variabel dependen periode lalu (Ghozali 2005). Menurut keputusan ada tidaknya autokorelasi dilihat dari bila nilai DW terletak diantara nilai du dan 4-du (du<DW<4-du), maka berarti tidak ada autokorelasi. (Ghozali 2005).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 557, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 580, "width": 218, "height": 136, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji hipotesis regresi berganda. Menurut Hasan (2008), regresi merupakan suatu alat ukur yang juga digunakan untuk mengukur ada tidaknya korelasi antarvariabel. Analisis regresi lebih akurat dalam melakukan analisis korelasi, karena pada analisis itu kesulitan dalam menunjukkan slop (tingkat perubahan suatu variabel terhadap variabel lainnya dapat ditentukan). Regresi linier berganda merupakan suatu metode statistik di mana variabel bebas atau variabel independen lebih dari satu. Bentuk persamaan untuk regresi berganda adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 322, "top": 718, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = a + b 1 X 1 + b 2 X 2 ..............n", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 161, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan: Y adalah variabel dependen a adalah konstanta b adalah koefisien regresi X1 adalah variabel independen pertama X2 adalah variabel independen kedua", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 223, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 247, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deskripsi penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 270, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penyebaran kuesioner dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara diberikan langsung kepada para responden yaitu para auditor pada KAP di Surakarta. Jumlah pernyataan dalam kuesioner ada 19 pernyataan dengan 3 variabel independen dan 1 variabel dependen. Pengambilan kuesioner yang memenuhi syarat untuk diolah tercantum dalam tabel berikut ini:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 374, "width": 190, "height": 68, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2 Pengambilan Data yang Diolah No Keterangan Jumlah 1 Kuesioner yang disebar 45 2 Kuesioner yang kembali 45 3 Kuesioner yang menjadi sampel 45 Sumber: Data Primer yang diolah (2018)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 457, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data dalam Tabel 2, kuesioner yang disebar sejumlah 45 kuesioner, sedangkan yang kembali sejumlah 45. Kuesioner kualitas audit yang dijadikan sampel sejumlah 45 kuesioner.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 515, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Karakteristik responden", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 538, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sejumlah 45 auditor. Berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data, maka dapat dikemukakan karakteristik responden yang diukur dari KAP tempat mereka bekerja. Adapun uraiannya sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 607, "width": 215, "height": 114, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3 Daftar dan Jumlah Responden Nama KAP Alamat KAP Jumlah Auditor Presentase KAP Rachmad Wahyudi Jln Cipto Mangunkusumo No. 3A, Sriwedari, Laweyan, Surakarta 10 22,2 % KAP Wartono Jln K.H Samanhudi No.121, Sondakan, Laweyan, Surakarta 10 22,2 % KAP Busroni dan Payamta Jln Ir.Sutami No.25, Jebres Surakarta 9 20 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 313, "top": 130, "width": 215, "height": 62, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KAP Drs. Hanung Triatmoko, Ak Jln Ki Mangun Sarkoro No.55, KadipiroSurakarta 8 17,8 % KAP Drs. Hananta Budianto & Rekan Jln. Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo No.31, Mangkubumen. Banjarsari, Surakarta 8 17,8 %", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 207, "width": 218, "height": 101, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3 menunjukkan bahwa responden yang mengisi kuesioner merupakan auditor yang bekerja pada Kantor Akuntan Publik di Surakarta. KAP Rachmad Wahyudi berjumlah 10 atau 22,2 % auditor. KAP Wartono berjumlah 10 atau 22,2 % auditor. KAP Busroni dan Payamta berjumlah 9 atau 20 % auditor. KAP Drs. Hanung Triatmoko, Ak berjumlah 8 atau 17,8 % auditor. Dan KAP Drs. Hananta Budianto & Rekan berjumlah 8 atau 17,8 % auditor.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 323, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji kualitas data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 346, "width": 68, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Validitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 322, "top": 358, "width": 207, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kriteria suatu data dikatakan valid jika nilai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 369, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corrected Item-Total Correlation (r hitung )>r tabel, sedangkan item dikatakan tidak valid jika nilai Corrected Item-Total Correlation (r hitung )<r tabel . Cara mendapatkan r tabel adalah sebagai berikut: tingkat kepercayaan = 95% (α = 5%), derajat kebebasan (df) = n-2 = 45-2 = 43, didapat r tabel adalah 0,2483. Adapun hasil validitas kuisoner mengenai kompetensi, independensi dan akuntabilitas adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 346, "top": 473, "width": 149, "height": 16, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4 Hasil Uji Validitas Kompetensi Auditor (X1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 318, "top": 496, "width": 194, "height": 75, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No R tabel Corrected Item- Total Correlation Keterangan 1 0,2483 ,345 Valid 2 0,2483 ,541 Valid 3 0,2483 ,487 Valid 4 0,2483 ,542 Valid 5 0,2483 ,369 Valid 6 0,2483 ,507 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 586, "width": 218, "height": 89, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 4. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Kompetensi. Keenam pernyataan kompetensi tersebut adalah valid karena nilai R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 678, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 5. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Independensi. Ketiga pernyataan independensi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tersebut adalah valid karena nilai R hitung masing- masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 176, "width": 26, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 102, "top": 185, "width": 151, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Validitas Independensi Auditor (X2)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 74, "top": 200, "width": 205, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No R tabel Corrected Item-Total Correlation Keterangan 1 0,2483 ,430 Valid 2 0,2483 ,322 Valid 3 0,2483 ,558 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 259, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 6. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Akuntabilitas. Ketiga pernyataan akuntabilitas tersebut adalah valid karena nilai R hitung masing- masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 363, "width": 197, "height": 68, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6 Hasil Uji Validitas Akutabilitas Auditor (X3) R tabel Corrected Item-Total Correlation Keterangan 0,2483 ,384 Valid 0,2483 ,550 Valid 0,2483 ,539 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 445, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai R tabel sebesar 0,2483 dan dibandingkan dengan R hitung masing-masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) seperti Tabel 7. Nilai perbandingan R hitung dan R tabel untuk variabel Kualitas Audit. Ketujuh pernyataan kualitas audit tersebut adalah Valid karena nilai R hitung masing- masing item (Corrected Item-Total Correlation) lebih besar daripada R tabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 549, "width": 26, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 115, "top": 558, "width": 124, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Validitas Kualitas Audit (Y)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 573, "width": 204, "height": 82, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "No R tabel Corrected Item-Total Correlation Keterangan Y1.1 0,2483 ,588 Valid Y1.2 0,2483 ,574 Valid Y1.3 0,2483 ,561 Valid Y1.4 0,2483 ,499 Valid Y1.5 0,2483 ,494 Valid Y1.6 0,2483 ,352 Valid Y1.7 0,2483 ,298 Valid", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 676, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Reliabilitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 688, "width": 219, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suatu kusioner dianggap reliabel jika mempunyai nilai Cronbach’s Alpha >0,60 yaitu apabila dilakukan penelitian ulang dengan waktu dan variabel yang berbeda akan menghasilkan kesimpulan yang sama.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 128, "width": 218, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sedangkan apabila nilai Cronbach’s Alpha <0,60 maka dianggap tidak reliabel yang berarti apabila dilakukan penelitian ulang maka dapat menghasilkan kesimpulan berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 314, "top": 188, "width": 213, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 8 Hasil Uji Reliabilitas Variabel Cronbach’s Alpha Kriteria Keterangan Kompetensi Auditor (X1) 0,712 >0,60 Reliabel Independensi Auditor (X2) 0.622 >0,60 Reliabel Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) 0,670 >0,60 Reliabel Kualitas Audit (Y) 0,757 >0,60 Reliabel", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 279, "width": 218, "height": 46, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 8 nilai Cronbach’s Alpha dari keempat variabel >0,60. Maka kuesioner untuk variabel kompetensi, independensi, akuntabilitas dan kualitas audit tersebut adalah reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 339, "width": 71, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji asumsi klasik", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 363, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Uji Normalitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 374, "width": 218, "height": 170, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas bertujuan untuk mengetahui normal tidaknya suatu distribusi data. Dalam pengambilan kesimpulan pada tabel Test of Normality digunakan kriteria jika sampelnya di atas 50, maka yang dilihat adalah kolom Sig pada Kolmogorov Sminov . Sedangkan jika sampel di bawah 50, maka yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kolom Sig pada Shapiro-Wilk . Apabila angka pada Sig tersebut ≥0,05 berarti data berdistribusi normal namun apabila angka pada Sig ≤0,05 berarti data tidak berdistribusi normal. Jika tidak berdistribusi normal maka upaya yang dilakukan dapat dengan menggunakan Statistik Nonparametrik. Kriteria normal diperlihatkan pada Asymp.Sig. (2- tailed) di mana distribusi dikatakan normal jika nilainya ≥0,05.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 558, "width": 189, "height": 50, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 9 Hasil Uji Normalitas Kolmogorov- Smirnov Kriteria Keterangan 0,820 ≥0,05 Berdistribusi Normal", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 623, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel One Sample Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test di atas, Nilai Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) adalah 0,820 atau di atas 0,05 berarti distribusi data normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 675, "width": 112, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Uji Heteroskedestisitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 686, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Heteroskedestisitas menunjukkan bahwa varians variabel", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 698, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tidak sama untuk semua pengamatan/observasi. Jika varians dari satu pengamatan ke pengamatan lain sama maka disebut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "65", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Heteroskedastisitas. Model regresi yang baik adalah jika terjadi Homokedastisitas atau tidak terjadi Heteroskedastisitas. Uji yang digunakan adalah Uji Glejser. Keputusan hasil uji glejser dapat dilihat pada output tabel Coefficient dan menggunakan kriteria jika Sig ≥0,05 maka tidak terjadi heteroskedestisitas dan sebaliknya jika nilai Sig ≤0,05 maka terjadi heteroskedestisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 234, "width": 206, "height": 97, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 10 Hasil Uji Glejser Variabel Signifikan Kriteria keterangan (Constant) 0,037 Kompetensi Auditor (X1) 0,827 0,05 Tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas Independensi Auditor (X2 ) 0,060 0,05 Tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) 0,354 0,05 Tidak terjadi heteroskedastisitas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 346, "width": 218, "height": 66, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari Tabel 10, terlihat bahwa nilai Sig untuk variabel Kompetensi Auditor (X1) adalah sebesar 0,827 atau ≥0,05, variabel Independensi Auditor (X2) adalah sebesar 0,060 atau ≥0,05 dan untuk variabel Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) adalah sebesar 0,354 atau ≥0,05 yang berarti tidak terjadi Heteroskedastisitas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 421, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Uji Multikolinieritas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 432, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah hubungan diantara variabel bebas memiliki masalah gejala multikolerasi atau tidak. Multikolerasi adalah korelasi yang sangat tinggi terjadi pada hubungan diantara variabel bebas. Dalam pengambilan kesimpulan kriteria yang digunakan dapat dilihat pada kolom Collinearity Statistics jika nilai VIF< 10 atau nilai Tolerance ≥0,10 maka tidak terjadi multikolerasi. Namun apablia nilai VIF ≥10 atau nilai Tolerance <0,10 maka tidak multikolerasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 162, "top": 559, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 11", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 568, "width": 88, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Multikolinearitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 69, "top": 583, "width": 214, "height": 83, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Variabel Collinearity statistics Keterangan Variabel Tolerance VIF Kompetensi Auditor (X1) ,978 1,022 Tidak terjadi Multikolinieritas Independensi Auditor (X2 ) ,941 1,063 Tidak terjadi Multikolinieritas Akuntabilitas Auditor (X3) ,928 1,078 Tidak terjadi Multikolinieritas", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 681, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tabel hasil uji Multikolinieritas, diperoleh hasil nilai VIF <10 yaitu 1,022, 1,063 dan 1,078 sedangkan nilai Tolerance ≥10 yaitu 0,978, 0,941 dan 0,928 maka dapat disimpulkan tidak terjadi multikolinieritas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 83, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Uji Autokorelasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 142, "width": 218, "height": 204, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji autokorelasi menggunakan uji Durbin-Watson Test (DW), dimaksudkan untuk menguji adanya kesalahan pengganggu pada periode 1 dengan kesalahan pengganggu pada periode sebelumnya -1. Keadaan tersebut mengakibatkan pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen namun juga variabel dependen periode lalu (Ghozali 2005). Pengambilan kesimpulan dapat dilihat dari nilai Durbin Watson hasil proses autokorelasinya. Untuk selanjutnya hasil diinterpretasikan dengan membandingkan nilai Durbin Watson dengan kriteria 1) bila nilai DW ≤dL, artinya terjadi autokorelasi positif, 2) bila nilai DW berada diantara dL dan dU hasilnya tidak dapat disimpulkan, 3) bila nilai DW berada diantara dU sampai 4-dU artinya tidak terjadi autokorelasi, 4) bila nilai DW berada diantara 4-dU dan 4-dL hasilnya tidak dapat disimpulkan, 5) bila nilai DW ≥4-dL hasilnya terjadi autokorelasi negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 406, "top": 360, "width": 30, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 12", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 383, "top": 369, "width": 74, "height": 7, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil Uji Autokorelasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 313, "top": 384, "width": 205, "height": 17, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Durbin-Watson Kriteria Keterangan 2,297 2 ≤ D-W ≤ 4-Du Tidak terjadi autokorelasi", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 415, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari kasus Analisis Karakteristik Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit, diketahui:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 448, "width": 218, "height": 45, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Α = 5%, k = 3 (jumlah variabel bebas=3), n = 45 dan DW = 2.297 Dl = 1.3832 dan 4-Dl = 2.6168 Du = 1.6662 dan 4-Du = 2.3338", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 507, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berarti nilainya di Kriteria ke 3 yaitu diantara Du sampai dengan 4-Du, artinya tidak terjadi Autokorelasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 554, "width": 53, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 577, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis regresi linier berganda yaitu analisis yang mengukur pengaruh variabel Kompetensi (X1), Independensi (X2), Akuntabilitas (X3) terhadap variabel Kualitas Audit (Y). Pengukuran pengaruh variabel yang melibatkan lebih dari satu variabel bebas (X1, X2, X3,...Xn) digunakan analisis regresi linier berganda, disebut linier karena setiap estimasi atas nilai diharapkan mengalami peningkatan atau penurunan mengikuti garis lurus. Berikut ini estimasi regresi linier berganda:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 704, "width": 155, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y = a + b 1 x 1 + b 2 x 2 + b 3 x 3 + ........ b n x n", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "66", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 142, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koefisien determinasi yang menunjukkan berapa besar sumbangan atau kontribusi variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat dapat dilihat dari nilai R2 (R Square) atau R2 yang disesuaikan (Adjusted R Square).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 124, "top": 211, "width": 105, "height": 16, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 13 Hasil Uji Koefisien Determinasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 286, "width": 218, "height": 67, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan Tabel 13 maka nilai Koefisien Determinasi atau besarnya kontribusi Kompetensi (X1), Independensi (X2), dan Akuntabilitas (X3) terhadap Kualitas Audit (Y) adalah sebesar 0,202 (20,2%) untuk R Square atau 0,144 (14,4%) untuk Adjusted R Square.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 361, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Uji F", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 373, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk mengetahui hasil Uji F dapat dilihat pada kolom Sig yang menunjukkan signifikan tidaknya hubungan antara variabel bebas dengan variabel terikat, dengan kriteria jika nilai Sig di bawah 0,05 berarti Signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 442, "width": 208, "height": 82, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 14 Hasil Uji F ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 62,162 3 20,721 3,466 ,025b 1 Residual 245,083 41 5,978 Total 307,244 44", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 68, "top": 539, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil uji F dan kriteria tersebut berarti Kompetensi, Independensi, dan Akuntabilitas Auditor berpengaruh secara bersama-sama atau simultan terhadap Kualitas Audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 591, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Uji t", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 69, "top": 614, "width": 211, "height": 96, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 15 Hasil Uji t Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients T Sig. B Std. Error Beta (Constant) 16,694 4,693 3,557 ,001 X1 ,251 ,124 ,286 2,031 ,049 1 X2 -,214 ,219 -,141 -,979 ,333 X3 ,630 ,297 ,307 2,123 ,040", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 217, "height": 21, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari tabel koefisien didapatkan dua informasi yaitu informasi yang berkaitan dengan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 159, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1) Kofisien persamaan regresi, yang diperlihatkan pada kolom B (Beta) Unstandardized Coefficients. Dari kolom ini maka persamaan regresi adalah:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 205, "width": 172, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Y =16,694 + 0,251 X1 + (-2,14) X2 + 0,630 X3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 228, "width": 204, "height": 78, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Konstanta sebesar 16,694 merupakan konstanta bernilai positif, artinya jika kompetensi auditor (X 1 ), independensi auditor (X 2 ), dan akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ), tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol, maka kualitas audit (Y) memiliki nilai sebesar 16,694.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 309, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. 0,251 artinya jika kompetensi auditor (X 1 ) ditingkatkan 1 maka kualitas audit (Y) akan meningkat sebesar 0,251. Diasumsikan independensi auditor (X 2 ), dan akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ) tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 378, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. -2,14 artinya jika independensi auditor (X 2 ) ditingkatkan 1 maka kualitas audit (Y) akan meningkat sebesar -2,14. Diasumsikan kompetensi auditor (X 1 ), dan akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ) tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 326, "top": 447, "width": 204, "height": 66, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. 0,630 artinya jika akuntabilitas auditor (X 3 ) ditingkatkan 1 maka kualitas audit (Y) akan meningkat sebesar 0,630. Diasumsikan kompetensi auditor (X 1 ), dan independensi auditor (X 2 ) tidak mengalami perubahan nilai atau bernilai nol.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 516, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2) Hasil analisis Uji t, yang diperlihatkan pada kolom t dan Sig dengan kriteria jka nilai Sig lebih kecil dari 0,05 berarti hubungan antara variabel terikat adalah signifikan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 312, "top": 573, "width": 218, "height": 90, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari kolom Sig, nilai Sig. untuk Kompetensi Auditor adalah 0,049 dan 0,040 (lebih kecil dari 0,05) untuk Akuntabilitas Auditor yang berarti Kompetensi Auditor dan Akuntabilitas Auditor berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Audit, sedangkan untuk Independensi Auditor adalah 0,333 atau (lebih besar dari 0,05) berarti Independensi Auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap Kualitas Audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 689, "width": 60, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 713, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pengaruh Kompetensi Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 203, "height": 37, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate 1 ,450a ,202 ,144 2,445", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 511, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "67", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 205, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kompetensi auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Dengan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,049 dan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,286. Signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari 0,05 memberikan kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis ini diterima. Hal ini berarti bahwa kualitas audit dapat dicapai jika auditor memiliki kompetensi yang baik. Penelitian ini diperkuat dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Putri (2013) yang menyatakan bahwa kompetensi auditor adalah auditor dengan pengetahuan yang cukup dan eksplisit dapat melakukan audit secara objektif, cermat, dan seksama. Seorang auditor yang memiliki pengetahuan yang memadai akan lebih memahami dan mengetahui berbagai masalah secara lebih mendalam dan lebih mudah dalam mengikuti perkembangan yang semakin kompleks dalam lingkungan audit klien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 349, "width": 218, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Pengaruh Independensi Auditor terhadap Kualitas", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 80, "top": 361, "width": 25, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 372, "width": 218, "height": 159, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa independensi auditor tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Dengan nilai signifikansi sebesar 0,333 dan nilai koefisien sebesar -0,141. Signifikansi yang lebih lebih besar dari 0,05 memberikan kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis ini ditolak. Penelitian ini tidak sejalan dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Saputra (2012) yang menjelaskan bahwa independensi berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Penelitian ini menjelaskan dengan independensi yang dimiliki auditor, maka akan sangat kecil terpengaruh oleh klien sehingga proses audit akan dilakukan dengan transparan, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 545, "width": 218, "height": 21, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Pengaruh Akuntabilitas Auditor terhadap Kualitas Audit", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 568, "width": 218, "height": 159, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa akuntabilitas auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Dengan nilai signifikansi yang diperoleh sebesar 0,040 dan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,307. Signifikansi yang lebih kecil dari 0,05 memberikan kesimpulan bahwa hipotesis ini diterima. Hal ini berarti bahwa kualitas audit dapat dicapai apabila auditor dalam melakukan tugas audit selalu disertai dengan sikap tanggung jawab, memiliki kecermataan yang tinggi, serta selalu berpikir seoptimal mungkin dalam mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan tugas audit. Penelitian ini diperkuat dengan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Diani Mardisar dan Ria Nelly Sari (2007) bahwa kualitas audit dapat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dipengaruhi oleh rasa tanggung jawab (akuntabilitas) yang dimiliki auditor dalam menyelesaikan tugas audit.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 189, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 212, "width": 50, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 236, "width": 218, "height": 124, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis dan uraian dari pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kompetensi auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Kualitas audit dapat dikatakan baik apabila auditor memiliki kompetensi yang baik. Dengan melihat hasil penelitian ini maka dapat dikatakan kompetensi yang dimiliki auditor di KAP Surakarta dapat membantu dalam menyelesaikan audit secara efektif. Semakin tinggi kompetensi yang dimiliki seorang auditor maka akan semakin tinggi pula kualitas audit yang dihasilkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 362, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Independensi auditor adalah sikap yang terdapat pada diri seseorang yang bebas dari pengaruh dan tekanan dari dalam maupun dari luar ketika mengambil keputusan, di mana dalam pengambilan keputusan tersebut harus bersadarkan fakta yang ada dan secara obyektif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa independensi auditor tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kualitas audit. Dalam hal ini terjadi akibat auditor terkadang harus bertindak tidak jujur agar tidak kehilangan klien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 477, "width": 218, "height": 113, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akuntabilitas auditor berpengaruh terhadap kualitas audit. Tingkat kecermatan yang tinggi dalam memeriksa laporan yang akan diaudit, serta mengerjakan tugas audit seoptimal mungkin dengan penuh tanggung jawab akan menghasilkan laporan audit yang lebih berkualitas. Artinya jika auditor di KAP Surakarta mempunyai akuntabilitas yang tinggi dalam mengerjakan dan menyelesaikan tugas audit maka akan semakin baik pula kualitas dari hasil auditnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 604, "width": 26, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 312, "top": 628, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini masih masih banyak memiliki keterbatasan, maka berikut saran yang dapat diberikan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 674, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Bagi auditor dan KAP:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 312, "top": 686, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Mengingat dari kesimpulan yang diambil bahwa kompetensi dan akuntabilitas dapat mempengaruhi kualitas audit, maka harapannya para auditor bersedia untuk terus belajar agar kompetensi tentang audit yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 45, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 164, "top": 45, "width": 359, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "L. Kurniawati, N. Kholis, H. Mutmainah | Journal of Applied Accounting and Taxation 4 (1) 58-68", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 130, "width": 218, "height": 55, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "dimiliki semakin baik. Selain itu para auditor juga diwajibkan untuk memiliki rasa tanggung jawab yang tinggi akan tugasnya sebagai seorang auditor, serta bersedia bekerja seoptimal mungkin dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 188, "width": 218, "height": 43, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Untuk Kantor Akuntan Publik (KAP) khususnya di Surakarta, sebaiknya memilih auditor berpengalaman yang memiliki pengetahuan dan tanggung jawab yang tinggi dalam melakukan pengauditan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 246, "width": 123, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Bagi penelitian selanjutnya:", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 68, "top": 257, "width": 218, "height": 78, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebaiknya dalam penelitian selanjutnya perlu adanya pengembangan variabel-variabel yang menambah karakterisitik auditor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas audit. Penelitian ini hanya dilakukan di beberapa KAP di Surakarta, maka diharapkan peneliti selanjutnya dapat mengembangkan wilayah sampel penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 362, "width": 49, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "References", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 68, "top": 385, "width": 218, "height": 26, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics , 291-309.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 418, "width": 217, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ararat, M., Aksu, M., & Cetin, A. T. (2010). Impact of Board Diversity on Boards' Monitoring Intensity and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Istanbul Stock Exchange. 1-33.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 452, "width": 217, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Carter, D. A., Simkins, B. J., & Simpson, W. G. (2002). Corporate Governance, Board Diversity, and Firm value.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 476, "width": 217, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Crawford, M. E. (2006). Transformation: women, gender and psycology. Mc Graw Hill.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 68, "top": 500, "width": 217, "height": 17, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Darmadi, S. (2011). Board diversity and firm performance: the Indonesian evidence. 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cb7b1ff6-b4c4-45e9-0919-9a93978fb74c

https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/sciencemap/article/download/5506/4318

[ { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 105, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 42, "width": 206, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "| Juni 2022 | Volume 4 Nomor 1 | Hal. 9 – 18 DOI https://doi.org/10.30598/jmsvol4issue1pp9-18 Website: https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/sciencemap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 185, "top": 773, "width": 263, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY license. ©2022 by author", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 119, "top": 75, "width": 375, "height": 77, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KOMPARASI HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK PAIR SHARE DAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN GUIDED DISCOVERY LEARNING PADA MATERI PERBANDINGAN DI KELAS VII SMP", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 131, "top": 179, "width": 350, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Filsia Yunita Muskitta 1 , Anderson L Palinussa 2* , Novalin C Huwaa 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 198, "width": 263, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1,2,3 Prodi Pendidikan Matematika, FKIP, Universitas Pattimura Jalan Ir. M. Putuhena, Kampus Unpatti, Poka, Ambon, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 116, "top": 225, "width": 379, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Submitted: March 20,2022 Revised: May 18, 2022 Accepted: June 4, 2022 *Corresponding author. Email : [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 114, "top": 257, "width": 35, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 274, "width": 386, "height": 148, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran yang lebih baik antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. Tipe Penelitian yang digunakan adalah tipe desain Post Test Group Design . Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel jenuh atau sampel total. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah intrumen tes berupa soal uraian untuk tes akhir. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis statistik deskriptif dan analisis statistik inferensial. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan. Hal ini ditunjukan pada hasil perhitungan dengan menggunakan SPSS 25.0 yang diperoleh nilai sig = 0.04 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05, sehingga menyebabkan 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 430, "width": 278, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : hasil belajar, think pair share, guided discovery learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 468, "width": 37, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 485, "width": 386, "height": 136, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to determine the better learning model between the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model and the Guided Discovery Learning learning model on comparative material in class VII Christian Middle School Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. The type of research used is the Post Test Group Design type. The sample used in this study is the saturated sample or the total sample. The instrument used in this research is a test instrument in the form of description questions for the final test. The data analysis technique used is descriptive statistical analysis technique and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that student learning outcomes taught using the Guided Discovery Learning learning model were better than student learning outcomes taught using the Think Pair Share type cooperative learning model on comparative material. This is shown in the results of calculations using SPSS 25.0 which obtained the value of sig = 0.04 which is smaller than the value of = 0.05, causing H 0 to be rejected and H 1 to be accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 629, "width": 295, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords : learning outcomes, think pair share, guided discovery learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal | Juni 2022 | Volume 4 Nomor 1 | 10", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 61, "width": 79, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 80, "width": 442, "height": 111, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Matematika merupakan ilmu dasar yang memiliki peranan penting dalam proses kehidupan manusia. Sebagai ilmu dasar, matematika digunakan untuk mengembangkan cabang ilmu pengetahuan yang lain seperti fisika, kimia, biologi, teknik, dan geografi dengan menerapkan prinsip kalkulus, aljabar, geometri maupun statistika dalam pengembangannya. Abdurrahman (2010: 253) mengemukakan bahwa matematika merupakan bidang studi yang dipelajari oleh siswa dari SD hingga SLTA dan bahkan juga di perguruan tinggi. Menurut Suherman (Anarsih dan Hartaya, 2015: 54), yang tercantum dalam kurikulum matematika sekolah bahwa tujuan diberikannya matematika antara lain agar siswa mampu menghadapi perubahan keadaan dunia yang selalu berkembang, melalui latihan bertindak atas dasar pemikiran secara logis, rasional, kreatif, cermat dan efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 200, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menyadari pentingnya matematika tidak mengherankan jika matematika dipelajari secara luas dan mendasar sejak jenjang pendidikan sekolah dasar. Menurut Susanto (2016: 186), pembelajaran matematika adalah suatu proses belajar mengajar yang dibangun oleh guru untuk mengembangkan kreativitas siswa, serta dapat meningkatkan kemampuan mengkonstruksi pengetahuan baru sebagai upaya meningkatkan penguasaan yang baik terhadap materi yang diajarkan. Pecapaian dalam proses pembelajaran dapat dilihat dari kualitas proses dan perolehan hasil belajar yang baik dan memuaskan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 294, "width": 442, "height": 137, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam proses pembelajaran, konsep matematika yang diajarkan di sekolah berupa rumus- rumus abstrak tanpa dikaitkan dengan aplikasi kehidupan nyata, sehingga siswa merasa sulit, bosan serta tidak menyukai matematika. Menurut Sanjaya (2010: 139), salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dunia pendidikan saat ini adalah rendahnya kualitas proses dan hasil belajar yang dicapai siswa. Hal ini diperjelas oleh pendapat Sani (2014: 41) yang menyatakan bahwa salah satu penyebab rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah kurangnya partisipasi siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, sehingga pemahaman siswa hanya bersifat sementara. Rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dapat di lihat dari pencapaian hasil belajar yang belum memenuhi tuntutan kurikulum. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Susanto (Anderson, dkk 2020:15) yang mengemukakan bahwa rendahnya prestasi belajar matematika siswa, tentu banyak factor yang menyebabkan, misalnyya masalah klasik tentangg penerapan model pembelajaran.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 440, "width": 442, "height": 85, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nurfitriyanti (2017: 84) mengemukakan bahwa sebagian besar siswa menganggap pelajaran matematika sangat sulit dipahami karena konsepnya yang abstrak. Hal tersebut terjadi dikarenakan siswa tidak dapat mengerjakan soal matematika dengan baik, siswa akan mengalami rasa tidak percaya diri dalam proses pembelajaran matematika. Sehingga rasa keingintahuan siswa dalam belajar matematika akan berkurang. Hal itu mengakibatkan siswa memandang matematika sulit untuk dipahami dan minat belajar siswa menjadi berkurang. Salah satu materi dalam pembelajaran matematika yang dipelajari siswa yaitu materi perbandingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 534, "width": 442, "height": 73, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perbandingan merupakan materi matematika yang diajarkan pada kelas VII semester genap sesuai kurikulum 2013 revisi 2017 yang digunakan di SMP Kristen Kusu- Kusu Sereh Ambon. Materi ini mengandung konsep sebagai hubungan fungsional antara suatu besaran dengan besaran lain dalam bentuk perbandingan senilai dan perbandingan berbalik nilai. Hasil belajar siswa pada materi perbandingan masih tergolong rendah. Hal ini sesuai dengan hasil wawancara yang dilakukan peneliti bersama guru mata pelajaran matematika di sekolah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 616, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut hasil wawancara kesulitan yang dialami siswa pada materi perbandingan adalah kurangnya pemahaman konsep, hal ini tentunya berpengaruh pada hasil belajar siswa. Solusi untuk mengatasi masalah- masalah tersebut dalam pembelajaran matematika terutama dalam penggunaan model pembelajaran yang tepat sesuai dengan materi agar dapat mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 685, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model pembelajaran yang dipilih peneliti untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran matematika yaitu model pembelajaran kooperatif. Mufidah (2013) manyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif melibatkan keaktifan siswa untuk menemukan konsepnya sendiri yang dalam pembelajarannya siswa diberikan waktu lebih banyak untuk berpikir, menjawab, serta membantu satu sama lain. Hal ini diperjelas oleh pendapat Fariska (2013: 2) yang menyatakan bahwa melalui", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "11 Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pembelajaran kooperatif akan memberi kesempatan pada siswa untuk bekerjasama dengan sesama siswa dalam tugas-tugas yang terstruktur.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari beberapa macam model pembelajaran kooperatif peneliti memilih model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share karena dapat memberikan kesempatan kepada siswa untuk dapat berperan aktif dalam proses pembelajaran. Kurniasih (2015: 58) mengatakan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share merupakan suatu cara yang efektif untuk membuat variasi suasana pola diskusi kelas yang membutuhkan pengaturan untuk mengendalikan kelas secara keseluruhan dan prosedur yang digunakan dapat memberi siswa lebih banyak waktu berpikir, untuk merespon dan saling membantu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 176, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Menurut Trianto (2007: 61), pelaksanaan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu thinking (berpikir), pairing (berpasangan), dan sharing (berbagi). Model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share menekankan siswa untuk berpikir secara individu kemudian bertukar ide secara berpasangan dan membagi hasilnya kepada pasangan lain. Hal ini didukung oleh oleh pendapat Fathurrohman (2015: 86) yang menyatakan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share mempunyai prosedur yang membuat siswa menjadi aktif dalam proses pembelajaran sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 270, "width": 443, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Model pembelajaran yang dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika pada materi perbandingan yaitu model pembelajaran guided discovery learning. Hamalik (Haris, 2015: 6) menyatakan bahwa model guided discovery learning merupakan pembelajaran dengan sistem dua arah dimana proses pembelajarannya melibatkan siswa dan guru. Siswa melakukan penemuan ( discovery ) dan guru yang berperan dalam memberikan bimbingan ( guided ) dengan menganalisis kesulitan dalam memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh siswa. Hal ini sejalan dengan pendapat Suryosubroto (2010) mengatakan bahwa model pembelajaran guided discovery learning merupakan suatu model dimana guru mendorong serta memberi petunjuk kepada siswa dalam kegiatan belajar agar siswa bekerja lebih terarah dalam rangka mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang ditetapkan, sehingga model pembelajaran ini melibatkan siswa belajar aktif untuk menetukan konsep atau prinsip melalui pengalamannya sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 443, "height": 86, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Koasih (2014: 83) mengemukakan bahwa guided discovery learning merupakan model pembelajaran penemuan yang dilakukan dengan bimbingan dari guru. Hal ini dikarenakan siswa SMP masih memerlukan bantuan sebelum menjadi penemu murni. Siswa tidak hanya disodori tentang teori, tetapi mereka pun berhadapan dengan sejumlah fakta, sehingga pembelajaran guided discovery learning dianggap sangat memungkinkan untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran materi perbandingan, karena dalam model pembelajaran guided discovery learning siswa dituntut untuk menemukan sendiri konsep-konsep dan informasi dari permasalahan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 510, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ditetapkan secara eksplisit yang memberi siswa waktu untuk berpikir, menjawab dan saling membantu satu sama lain. Hal tersebut dalam suatu proses pembelajaran diperlukan keaktifan siswa dalam berinteraksi. Interaksi ini dapat berupa saling sharing antara siswa dengan siswa maupun antara siswa dengan guru. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Widyastuti & Suyadi (2014) yang mengatakan bahwa keaktifan siswa sebagai aktivitas dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dan dapat mempengeruhi hasil belajar yang diperolehnya. Dengan demikian, penggunaan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share baik diterapkan karena kedua model pembelajaran tersebut membutuhkan peran aktif siswa dalam pembelajaran, karena pada dasarnya kedua model tersebut merupakan model pembelajaran yang menjadikan siswa sebagai pusat pembelajaran dan membuat siswa menjadi lebih aktif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 642, "width": 443, "height": 124, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: (1) Hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. (2) Hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. (3) Perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. (4) Model pembelajaran yang lebih baik antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal | Juni 2022 | Volume 4 Nomor 1 | 12", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 69, "width": 105, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 87, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tipe penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain Post Test Group Design yang termasuk dalam Quasi Experimental Design (desain eksperimen semu) dimana akan dilihat hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 144, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon Tahun ajaran 2020/2021 yang terdiri dari dua kelas, yaitu kelas VII-1 dan kelas VII-2 dengan jumlah siswa 49 orang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 188, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel jenuh atau sampel total. Adapun dalam penelitian ini sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh populasi yang ada di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon tahun ajaran 2020/2021, yang terdiri dari 2 kelas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 232, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon, Kecamatan Nusaniwe, Kelurahan Urimesing, yang direncanakan berlangsung pada semester genap tahun ajaran2020/2021.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 263, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perangkat pembelajaran yang dirancang untuk digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Bahan Ajar (BA) dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) yang disusun dan disesuaikan dengan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 320, "width": 443, "height": 60, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada penelitian ini digunakan Analisis Statistik Deskriptif untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon pada materi perbandingan yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pebelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning . Hasil belajar yang dimaksudkan berupa nilai yang diperoleh dengan menggunakan rumus.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 156, "top": 387, "width": 291, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai = 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑦𝑎𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑖𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑒ℎ 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ 𝑠𝑘𝑜𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑥 100% (Purwanto, 2009:12)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 415, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selanjutnya, nilai yang telah diperoleh dari tes hasil belajar diklarifikasikan sesuai dengan Penilaian Acuan Patokan (PAP), dapat dilihat pada tabel dibawah ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 213, "top": 447, "width": 176, "height": 83, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Penialain Acuan Patokan (PAP) Kualifikasi Nilai Sangat Baik 𝑥 ≥ 90 Baik 75 ≤ 𝑥 < 90 Cukup 60 ≤ 𝑥 < 75 Kurang 40 ≤ 𝑥 < 60 Sangat Kurang 𝑥 < 40", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 255, "top": 533, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(Ratumanan & Laurens, 2015: 171)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 551, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Sebelum melakukan pengujian hipotesis pada tes akhir dengan menggunakan uji-t, maka tes akhir terlebih dahulu dilakukan uji prasyarat analisis yaitu dengan menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Selanjutnya, akan dilakukan uji lanjut untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran yang lebih baik antara model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 642, "width": 124, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 661, "width": 48, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.1 Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon yang berlangsung pada hari senin 14 Juni 2021 dan selesai pada hari rabu 14 Juli 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel 2 kelas, yaitu kelas VII-1 sebagai kelas eksperimen 1 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran guided discovery learning dan kelas VII-2 sebagai kelas eksperimen 2 dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe think pair share . Sebelum memulai proses pembelajaran peneliti berkomunikasi dengan guru mata pelajaran matematika di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon. Komunikasi yang dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan model pembelajaran yang akan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "13 Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "digunakan dalam penelitian ini, serta menyiapkan perangkat pembelajaran berupa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), Bahan Ajar (BA), dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai pada empat pertemuan dikelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2 selanjutnya pada pertemuan kelima diberikan tes akhir untuk mengukur sejauh mana tingkat keberhasilan siswa yang diberi perlakuan berbeda. Hasil belajar yang di peroleh siswa dari kedua kelas dapat di gambarkan pada tabel di berikut ini sesuai dengan penilaian acuan patokan (PAP):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 193, "top": 144, "width": 221, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 2. Hasil Belajar Siswa Kualifikasi Nilai Jumlah Siswa Kelas E_1 Kelas E_2 Sangat Baik x ≥ 90 2 0 Baik 75 ≤ x < 90 8 4 Cukup 60 ≤ x < 75 6 8 Kurang 40 ≤ x < 60 2 3 Sangat Kurang x < 40 2 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 257, "width": 442, "height": 86, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel hasil belajar siswa di atas, pada kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 10% siswa yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat baik, untuk kualifikasi baik pada kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 40% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 20% siswa. Pada kualifikasi cukup kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 30% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 40% siswa, selanjutnya pada kualifikasi kurang pada kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 10% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 15% siswa. Dan pada kualifikasi sangat kurang untuk kelas eksperimen 1 terdapat 10% siswa dan kelas eksperimen 2 terdapat 25% siswa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 352, "width": 442, "height": 60, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Secara keseluruhan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning adalah kategori cukup dan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share adalah kategori kurang. Selanjutnya, nilai rata-rata pada tes hasil belajar siswa untuk kedua kelas dapat di gambarkan pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 421, "width": 208, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 3. Rata-rata Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas Rata-rata Kategori Eksperimen 1 72.06 Cukup Eksperimen 2 58.41 Kurang", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan PAP, rata-rata hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 tergolong cukup dan rata-rata hasil belajar pada kelas eksperimen 2 tergolong kurang. Selanjutnya akan dijelaskan uji prasyarat analisis yang terdiri dari uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas serta pengujian hipotesis yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata atau uji-t, sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 531, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Normalitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 550, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji normalitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti berdistribusi normal atau tidak. Dalam penelitian ini, pengujian normalitas data menggunakan uji statistic Shapiro Wilk dan diperoleh hasil pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 242, "top": 594, "width": 125, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 4. Hasil Uji Normalitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 202, "top": 606, "width": 199, "height": 56, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tests of Normality Shapiro-Wilk Statistic df Sig. Eksperimen_1 .914 20 .076 Eksperimen_2 .922 20 .109", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 671, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 4 di atas, terlihat bahwa nilai sig. pada kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2 yaitu 0.076 dan 0.109 lebih besar dari pada 𝛼 = 0.05. Sesuai dengan ketentuan, suatu data berdistribusi normal apabila nilai sig. lebih besar dari taraf signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 diterima dan 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti berdistribusi normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 741, "width": 82, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Uji Homogenitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal | Juni 2022 | Volume 4 Nomor 1 | 14", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 48, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah kedua kelas sampel yang di teliti berdistribusi normal, maka asumsi selanjutnya yang harus dipenuhi adalah homogenitas. Uji homogenitas dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti memiliki varians yang homogen atau tidak. Dalam penelitian ini, pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji SPSS dan di peroleh hasil pada tabel berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 106, "width": 134, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 5. Hasil Uji Homogenitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 118, "width": 263, "height": 104, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Test of Homogeneity of Variances Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig. Nilai Based on Mean .460 1 38 .502 Based on Median .140 1 38 .711 Based on Median and with adjusted df .140 1 36.837 .711 Based on trimmed mean .447 1 38 .508", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 5 di atas, terlihat bahwa nilai sig. pada kedua kelas eksperimen yaitu 0.508 lebih besar dari 𝛼 = 0.05. Sesuai dengan ketentuan, suatu data dinyatakan homogen apabila nilai sig. lebih besar dari taraf signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 diterima dan 𝐻 1 ditolak. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa data pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti memiliki varians yang homogen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 301, "width": 101, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 319, "width": 443, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah uji prasyarat dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa kedua kelas sampel yang teliti normal dan homogen, maka langkah selanjutnya yaitu pengujian hipotesis dengan uji-t atau uji beda rata-rata. Uji-t atau uji beda rata-rata dilakukan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang di ajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share . Berikut ini di tampilkan hasil perhitungan uji-t pada kedua kelas sampel yang diteliti dalam bentuk tabel, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 401, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 6. Hasil Pengujian Hipotesis", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 85, "top": 493, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 6, terlihat bahwa nilai sig. (2-tailled) pada kedua kelas eksperimen yaitu 0.034 lebih kecil dari 𝛼 = 0.05 . Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning . Selanjutnya ditampilkan hasil belajar siswa melalui uji lanjut Post Hoc LSD sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 220, "top": 563, "width": 169, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 7. Hasil Uji Lanjut Post Hoc LSD", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 180, "top": 575, "width": 252, "height": 102, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ANOVA Hasil Belajar Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1728.042 1 1728.042 4.547 .040 Within Groups 14442.345 38 380.062 Total 16170.387 38", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 699, "width": 443, "height": 61, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan tabel 7, terlihat bahwa nilai sig pada kedua kelas eksperimen sebesar 0.04 lebih kecil dari 𝛼 = 0.05 . Hal ini berarti bahwa 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 421, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Group Statistics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 188, "top": 432, "width": 235, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Nilai Kelas N Mean Std. Deviation Std.Error Mean 1 20 72.0565 18.41748 4.11827 2 20 58.4110 20.68803 4.62598", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 142, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "15 Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 84, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3.2 Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 68, "width": 442, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian dan pengujian hipotesis, maka dapat dinyatakan pembelajaran matematika pada materi perbandingan yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pemb.elajaran Guided Discovery Learning di peroleh hasil yang berbeda. Dari hasil yang ditunjukan maka selanjutnya dibuat pembahasan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 138, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "a. Proses belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 169, "width": 421, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap stimulus, guru memberikan rangsangan terhadap siswa berdasarkan masalah yang diberikan pada Bahan Ajar (BA) dengan penjelasan secukupnya. Setiap kelompok menyimak serta memberikan tanggapan berdasarkan masalah yang diberikan pada Bahan Ajar (BA), selanjutnya guru menanyakan kembali bagaimana rangsangan yang diberikan, apakah tiap-tiap kelompok sudah memahami masalah tersebut dan siswa menjawab serta memberikan tanggapan sesuai pemahaman dari tiap-tiap kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 251, "width": 422, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap problem statement, guru akan membimbing kelompok jika sebagian kelompok masih belum memahami masalah pada Bahan Ajar (BA). Selanjutnya, guru menganjurkan siswa untuk mengamati dan mengidentifikasi soal-soal yang diberikan pada Bahan Ajar (BA), setiap kelompok diberi kesempatan untuk mengamati dan mengidentifikasi soal-soal yang diberikan. Jika ada yang kurang jelas pada bahan Ajar (BA) guru akan memberikan informasi untuk mengkoreksi kesalahan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 333, "width": 421, "height": 111, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap data collection & processing, guru memantau dan mengontrol setiap kelompok dalam mengamati soal-soal pada Bahan Ajar (BA) dan memberikan respon apabila ada kelompok yang keliru dalam pekerjaannya, kemudian siswa bertanya kepada guru mengenai hal yang belum dipahami dan belum mampu untuk menyelesaikan soal-soal yang diberikan. Selanjutnya, guru meminta siswa untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang perbandingan senilai dan berbalik nilai serta membimbing siswa untuk mengerjakan soal-soal pada Bahan Ajar (BA). Siswa mengumpulkan informasi tentang perbandingan senilai dan berbalik nilai serta mengerjakan soal-soal yang diberikan serta menulis hasil kerjanya pada lembar yang telah disediakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 453, "width": 421, "height": 73, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap verifikasi, guru menyuruh beberapa perwakilan kelompok untuk menyajikan secara lisan jawaban atas pertanyaan yang telah didiskusikan, siswa menyajikan hasil diskusi kelompok secara rinci dan sistematis. Selanjutnya, guru memberikan kesempatan kepada kelompok lain yang mempunyai jawaban berbeda dengan kelompok penyaji untuk mengkomunikasikan hasil diskusi secara sistematis, siswa mengevaluasi jawaban kelompok penyaji serta memberikan masukan kepada kelompok penyaji.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 535, "width": 421, "height": 48, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap generalisasi, guru mengarahkan siswa dalam hasil memecahkan masalah yang lebih tepat, jika hasil presentasi kelompok penyaji dan masukan dari kelompok lain kurang lengkap. Siswa mendengarkan arahan guru mengenai pemecahan masalah yang tepat. Selanjutnya, guru membimbing siswa untuk menarik kesimpulan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 591, "width": 421, "height": 99, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai pada empat pertemuan dan pemberian tes akhir pada pertemuan kelima dikelas eksperimen 1 diperoleh hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan memiliki kualifikasi cukup. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1, terdapat 2 siswa yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat baik, pada kualifikasi baik terdapat 8 orang, untuk kualifikasi cukup terdapat 6 orang, sedangkan kualifikasi kurang 2 orang, dan kualifikasi sangat kurang 2 orang. Hasil rata-rata tes akhir kelas eksperimen 1 sebesar 72.06.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 698, "width": 422, "height": 61, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil tes akhir dapat terlihat bahwa ada siswa yang memperoleh nilai lebih dari atau sama dengan 90 yaitu 2 orang. Hal ini terjadi sebagai akibat dari penggunaan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning yang menuntut siswa untuk aktif dalam pembelajaran, sehingga membuat siswa yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif yang tergolong tinggi mampu berpikir dan menggunakan kemampuan untuk menemukan hasil akhir dari suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal | Juni 2022 | Volume 4 Nomor 1 | 16", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 50, "width": 422, "height": 60, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "permasalahan yang diberikan. Didukung oleh pendapat Ratumanan (2015: 211) yang menyatakan bahwa pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan aktif serta meningkatkan kemampuan kerja sama dan kecakapan sosial.Adapun siswa yang memperoleh nilai kurang dari 40, ini disebabkan karena kemampuan berpikir rasional siswa yang masih terbatas.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 119, "width": 442, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "b. Proses belajar dan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 2 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 150, "width": 422, "height": 61, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada kegiatan inti pembelajaran, pertama guru melakukan demonstrasi untuk menggali pengetahuan awal siswa dengan tanya jawab selama 2 menit dan siswa memikirkan jawabannya terhadap pertanyaan yang diberikan. Selanjutnya guru membagikan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) kepada masing-masing siswa dan meminta siswa untuk mengerjakan masalah yang ada pada LKS.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 220, "width": 422, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap think , masing-masing siswa berpikir masalah yang diberikan dalam bentuk LKS secara individu sebelum mereka berdiskusi dengan pasangannya. Pada tahap tersebut siswa terlihat aktif untuk mencari solusi dari masalah yang diberikan secara individu sehingga mereka dapat berdiskusi dengan pasangannya mengenai solusi dari masalah yang diberikan dalam LKS. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Huda (2013: 206) yang mengatakan bahwa pentingnya think p ada pembelajaran kooperatif yang saat ini menjadi salah satu factor yang utama dalam meningkatkan respons siswa terhadap pertanyaan maupun masalah.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 314, "width": 421, "height": 99, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap pair , setiap kelompok mendiskusikan mengenai jawaban atas permasalahan yang diberikan pada LKS. Setiap pasangan terlihat saling membantu dalam menyelesaikan LKS dan menjelaskan apabila ada teman kelompoknya tidak memahami, hal tersebut membuat mereka dapat bekerja sama, saling berpendapat, dan menerima pendapat orang lain setelah menyelesaikan masalah yang ada pada LKS. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Isjoni (2010: 78) yang mengatakan bahwa pada tahap pair memberikan siswa kesempatan untuk bekerja sama dengan orang lain, sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan partisipasi siswa secara individu maupun kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 421, "width": 422, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pada tahap share , guru meminta salah satu perwakilan dari kelompok untuk mempresentasikan jawaban mereka di depan kelas dan kelompok lain juga diberi kesempatan untuk menanggapi atau memberi masukan terhadap kelompok yang presentasi. Bagi kelompok yang mempresentasikan atau yang menanggapi diberikan penghargaan berupa pujian dan tepuk tangan dari guru dan teman-temannya, sehingga siswa lebih bersemangat dalam menyelesaikan LKS pada pembelajaran-pembelajaran selanjutnya. Pada akhir pembelajaran guru membimbing siswa untuk menyimpulkan materi yang telah dipelajari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 516, "width": 422, "height": 86, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses pembelajaran selesai pada empat pertemuan dan pemberian tes akhir pada pertemuan kelima dikelas eksperimen 2 diperoleh hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan memiliki kualifikasi kurang. Hal tersebut dapat terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa pada kelas eksperimen 2 dengan kualifikasi sangat baik tidak ada, kualifikasi baik terdapat 4 orang , untuk kualifikasi cukup terdapat 8 orang, sedangkan kualifikasi kurang 3 orang, dan kualifikasi sangat kurang 5 orang. Hasil rata-rata tes akhir kelas eksperimen 2 sebesar 58.41.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 610, "width": 421, "height": 112, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dapat terlihat bahwa ada siswa yang tidak memperoleh nilai yang lebih dari atau sama dengan 90 dan masih ada siswa yang memiliki nilai yang termasuk dalam kualifikasi sangat kurang yaitu 5 orang dengan memperoleh nilai kurang dari 40. Hal ini terjadi sebagai akibat dari jumlah kelompok pada kelas ekperimen 2 yang terdiri dari 10 kelompok, sehingga pada saat proses pembelajaran berlangsung, banyak kelompok yang menyampaikan kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan. Hal ini membuat guru mengalami kesulitan untuk mengontrol kelompok yang berselisih karena jumlah yang banyak. Selain itu, bagi siswa yang memiliki kemampuan kognitif yang tergolong sedang atau rendah akan mengalami kesulitan dalam menyampaikan ide-ide yang muncul.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 730, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "c. Perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dan kelas eksperimen 2 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 28, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "17", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 116, "top": 28, "width": 111, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Muskitta, Palinussa & Huwaa", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 106, "top": 50, "width": 422, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kegiatan belajar mengajar dilakukan selama empat kali pertemuan pada masing-masing kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2. Pada saat melakukan kegiatan belajar mengajar, siswa dikelas eksperimen 1 san eksperimen 2 terlihat lebih aktif. Keaktifan siswa terlihat saat siswa bekerja sama dalam mengerjakan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) yang telah dibagikan, meskipun dalam mengerjakan LKS terjadi kegaduhan dalam kelas. Kegaduhan itu terjadi karena adanya perbedaan pendapat antara anggota dalam kelompok.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 132, "width": 421, "height": 60, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah proses belajar mengajar dilakukan sebanyak empat kali, pertemuan untuk masing- masing kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2, selanjutnya dilakukan pertemuan kelima untuk memberikan tes akhir pada kedua kelas. Tes akhir yang diperoleh selanjutnya dianalisa untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya perbedaan hasil belajar siswa pada kedua kelas yang diberikan model pembelajaran yang berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 106, "top": 201, "width": 422, "height": 61, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil belajar kelas eksperimen 1 dan kelas eksperimen 2 ini juga memberikan hasil yang berbeda. Hal ini terdapat pada hasil analisis uji-t yang menunjukan bahwa nilai Sig.(2-tailled) yaitu 0.034 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Sehingga ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 270, "width": 442, "height": 36, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "d. Komparasi hasil belajar siswa pada kelas eksperimen 1 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning dan kelas eksperimen 2 yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 308, "width": 421, "height": 87, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Setelah melakukan uji prasyarat analisis diperoleh data yang diambil dinyatakan normal dan homogen, selanjutnya untuk mengetahui model pembelajaran yang lebih baik dari kedua model pembelajaran yang digunakan. Dapat dibuktikan dengan menggunakan uji lanjut post hoc LSD dengan perhitungan, nilai sig yaitu 0.04 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Sehingga hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 106, "top": 403, "width": 422, "height": 124, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan data hasil penelitian dan pengujian hipotesis, maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan. Hal ini disebabkan karena pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning memberikan kesempatan untuk siswa berpikir dan berinisiatif sendiri dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang diberikan serta melatih siswa untuk belajar secara mandiri. Hal ini didukung oleh pendapat Mudjiman (2007: 7) yang mengatakan bahwa kemandirian dalam belajar adalah aktivitas belajar yang berlangsung karena motif sendiri untuk menguasai sesuatu kompetensi guna mengatasi sesuatu masalah, dan dibangun dengan bekal pengetahuan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 549, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 567, "width": 443, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 58.41. Hal tersebut terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa dengan kualifikasi sangat baik tidak ada, kualifikasi baik 4 orang, kualifikasi cukup 8 orang, kualifikasi kurang 3 orang, kualifikasi sangat kurang 5 orang. Secara keseluruhan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share termasuk kategori kurang.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 649, "width": 443, "height": 73, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil belajar siswa kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan memperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 72.06. Hal tersebut terlihat pada nilai tes akhir siswa dengan kualifikasi sangat baik 2 orang, kualifikasi baik 8 orang, kualifikasi cukup 6 orang, kualifikasi kurang 2 orang, kualifikasi sangat kurang 2 orang. Secara keseluruhan siswa yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning termasuk kategori cukup.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 731, "width": 442, "height": 35, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t atau uji beda rata-rata terlihat bahwa nilai Sig.(2- tailed) yaitu 0,034 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Hal tersebut menyebabkan 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima, yang berarti bahwa ada perbedaan hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 292, "top": 28, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Science Map Journal | Juni 2022 | Volume 4 Nomor 1 | 18", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 442, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share dan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 81, "width": 443, "height": 74, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji lanjut Post Hoc LSD terlihat bahwa nilai sig sebesar 0.04 lebih kecil dari nilai 𝛼 = 0.05. Hal tersebut menyebabkan 𝐻 0 ditolak dan 𝐻 1 diterima, yang berarti bahwa hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning lebih baik dari pada hasil belajar siswa yang diajarkan dengan menngunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Pair Share pada materi perbandingan di kelas VII SMP Kristen Kusu-Kusu Sereh Ambon.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 182, "width": 72, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 214, "width": 337, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Akbar, S. 2013. Instrumen Perangkat Pembelajaran. Bandung: Remaja Roskardaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 231, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Anarsih, W & Hartaya, K. 2015. Hubungan Antara Konsep Diri Matematika dan Minat Belajar dengan Hasil Belajar Matematika Peserta Didik Kelas V Sd Negeri Tegalwaru 03 Ciampea, Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan: Vol.4. No.2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 272, "width": 274, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hamalik, O. 2011. Proses Belajar Mengajar. Jakarta : Bumi Aksara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 289, "width": 304, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hamdayana, Jumanta, 2016. Metodologi Pengajaran. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 307, "width": 442, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Haris, F. 2015. Pengaruh Model Guided Discovery Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Kelas X SMA Negeri Karangpandan Tahun Pelajaran 2013/ 2014. Surakarta : program studi pendidikan biologi FKIP Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. 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4a1a42bd-fc02-43d9-939a-66b38e8fed06

https://journal.isi.ac.id/index.php/JTKS/article/download/11811/3751

[ { "left": 92, "top": 771, "width": 136, "height": 25, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Article History: Revised: 07 Maret 2024 Accepted: 01 April 2024 Publish: 25 Juni 2024", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "25", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 134, "top": 86, "width": 130, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 340, "top": 43, "width": 121, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JURNAL TATA KELOLA SENI", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 340, "top": 53, "width": 110, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 10 Nomor 1, Juni 2024 Hlm. 25 – 43", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 132, "top": 118, "width": 364, "height": 57, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival sebagai Wadah Membangun Ekosistem Seni di Kota Batam", "type": "Title" }, { "left": 203, "top": 189, "width": 217, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1* & Merry Merry 2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 142, "top": 203, "width": 341, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 Program Pascasarjana Institut Seni Indonesia Denpasar, Jalan Nusa Indah, Sumerta, Kecamatan Denpasar Timur, Kota Denpasar, Bali 80235", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 183, "top": 226, "width": 260, "height": 33, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Universitas Universal, Sungai Panas, Batam Kota, Kota Batam, Kepulauan Riau 29444 * Correspondence Author Email : [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 298, "top": 285, "width": 51, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 296, "width": 336, "height": 182, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival di Batam merupakan inisiatif dari Beatus Finis Creative , menjadi wadah penting untuk mengapresiasi seni pertunjukan di tengah perkembangan seni di Kota Batam. Dalam konteks kebutuhan ruang apresiasi seni tari di Batam, festival ini membangun sinergi antara pelaku seni tari berpengalaman dan pendatang baru, menggabungkan tari tradisi, kreativitas modern, dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap seni budaya. Program Bincang Seni Santai memberikan kontribusi pada pendidikan dan pengembangan pengetahuan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Artikel ini menyoroti peran kunci manajemen seni dalam kesuksesan Geratri Festival sebagai wujud perayaan Hari Tari Dunia. Artikel ini mengungkapkan bahwa manajemen seni berperan penting dalam mengkoordinasikan pengelolaan Geratri Festival demi membangun ekosistem seni lokal. Melalui metode kualitatif, termasuk pengamatan langsung, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kontribusi Geratri Festival pada pengembangan seni di Batam. Temuan penelitian menggarisbawahi peran manajemen seni dan dampak Geratri Festival pada pertumbuhan ekosistem seni di Kota Batam, serta memperhatikan peran institusi pendidikan dalam membangun dan memelihara festival seni di kota ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 492, "width": 283, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata kunci : geratri festival, seni tari, manajemen seni, ekosistem seni", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 151, "top": 516, "width": 330, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Role of Arts Governance in Geratri Festival as a Platform to Build the Arts Ecosystem in Batam City", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 290, "top": 551, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 149, "top": 562, "width": 335, "height": 170, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Geratri Festival in Batam is an initiative by Beatus Finis Creative, serving as a crucial platform to appreciate performing arts amidst the evolving artistic scene in Batam City. Addressing the need for a space to appreciate dance in Batam, the festival fosters collaboration between experienced and emerging dance artists, blending traditional dance, modern creativity, and a profound understanding of cultural art. The 'Bincang Seni Santai' program contributes to the education and development of performing arts knowledge in Batam. This article highlights the key role of arts management in the success of the Geratri Festival as a celebration of World Dance Day. It reveals that arts management is vital in coordinating Geratri Festival operations to build the local arts ecosystem. This research explores the Geratri Festival's contribution to developing the arts in Batam using qualitative methods, including direct observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings underscore the role of Arts Governance and the impact of the Geratri Festival on the growth of the arts ecosystem in Batam, also emphasizing the role of educational institutions in establishing and sustaining art festivals in the city.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 746, "width": 285, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: geratri festival, dance art, arts management, art ecosystem", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "26", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 130, "width": 400, "height": 217, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seni tari merupakan bentuk ekspresi budaya yang kaya, di mana menyatukan elemen kreatif dalam pertunjukan mendalam. Di tengah perkembangan seni pertunjukan, Geratri Festival di Batam menjadi wadah apresiasi yang penting. Di dalam kota yang berkembang pesat ini, belum ada platform memadai untuk merayakan para pelaku seni tari. Festival ini hadir sebagai inisiatif bersejarah dengan tema uniknya, menggabungkan penyuaraan, ruang, dan tari. Geratri Festival bukan hanya pertunjukan, tetapi juga kehangatan kebersamaan antara pelaku seni tari, menjadi bagian tak terpisahkan dari seni dan budaya Batam. Festival seni di ruang publik adalah kegiatan budaya yang melibatkan interaksi berbagai komunitas dan kelompok secara luas. Tempat-tempat umum seperti alun-alun, taman, bahkan jalan raya sering dijadikan lokasi festival, baik yang diinisiasi oleh masyarakat maupun difasilitasi oleh pemerintah. Festival memiliki fungsi sebagai platform untuk mempromosikan keragaman budaya, memberikan edukasi kepada masyarakat, serta menarik wisatawan (Lahpan et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 352, "width": 400, "height": 234, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Di tengah kebutuhan akan ruang apresiasi seni tari di Batam, Geratri Festival memiliki urgensi sebagai peringatan Hari Tari Dunia pertama di kota ini. Festival ini tidak hanya mengenang, tetapi juga merangkul hubungan antara pelaku seni tari yang berpengalaman dan yang baru merintis jejak. Apresiasi ini menjadi landasan untuk membangun sinergi antara tari tradisi, kreativitas modern, dan pemahaman mendalam terhadap seni budaya. Organisasi seni adalah tempat yang menampung orang-orang dengan minat atau bakat dalam seni, serta mereka yang baru ingin belajar tentang seni. Secara tidak langsung, organisasi seni menyatukan individu-individu yang memiliki kemampuan, keinginan, karakter, jiwa, dan selera seni dengan keunikan masing-masing (Wiresna, 2022). Melalui program bincang seni santai, Geratri Festival juga berkontribusi pada pendidikan dan pengembangan pengetahuan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Dengan tujuan utama menciptakan ruang inklusif, memperkenalkan keberagaman seni tari, dan meningkatkan kualitas pengkarya lokal, Geratri Festival menjadi ajang membangun pertukaran ide positif dan pertumbuhan seni di Batam (Merry, Geratri Festival di Batam, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 590, "width": 400, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam perkembangan peradaban, seni selalu memainkan peran penting sebagai aktivitas kreatif manusia. Seni mencerminkan kebutuhan mendasar, mirip dengan adaptasi atau eksistensi, yang mendorong manusia secara terus-menerus untuk menciptakan karya-karya yang indah. Ketika usaha-usaha ekspresif yang spontan berubah karena kesadaran manusia akan dampaknya terhadap diri sendiri dan orang lain, seni mulai digunakan dengan sengaja sebagai alat ekspresi. Dalam konteks ini, tindakan-tindakan ekspresif berkembang menjadi seni (Doubler, 2018). Jika dikaitkan dengan perkembangan ekosistem seni, kita dapat melihat bagaimana kesadaran akan dampak seni tidak hanya memengaruhi individu tetapi juga komunitas seni secara keseluruhan. Saat seniman menyadari pengaruh karya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "27", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 59, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mereka, mereka mulai menciptakan dengan lebih sadar dan terarah. Ekosistem seni pun berkembang dengan adanya interaksi antara seniman, karya seni, dan audiens, yang semuanya saling memengaruhi dan menciptakan lingkungan yang kaya akan ekspresi dan inovasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 180, "width": 400, "height": 106, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Artikel ini mendalami peran kunci manajemen seni dalam Geratri Festival. Dalam konteks seni pertunjukan yang berkembang di Batam, artikel ini menggali urgensi manajemen seni sebagai tulang punggung kesuksesan festival. Pada manajemen seni tidak hanya mengkoordinasikan aspek teknis tetapi juga membangun ekosistem seni lokal, memberikan inspirasi dan wawasan bagi praktisi seni dan pengelola acara, serta mengoptimalkan peran manajemen seni untuk menciptakan lingkungan seni yang dinamis dan berkelanjutan di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 291, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu program pertunjukan tidak dapat ditetapkan bila tujuan belum ditentukan. Akurasi tujuan hanya mungkin digapai dengan melibatkan berbagai situasi yang muncul ke permukaan dan mengantisipasinya untuk masa mendatang. Kenyataannya, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan seni pertunjukan tidak terlepas dari faktor hegemoni (kekuasaan), pasar, teknologi, seniman pelaku/artisnya. Masing-masing faktor tersebut akan saling berinteraksi secara paradigmatik, baik sebagai pelindung, pendukung, dan pelaksana pertunjukan. Apalagi dalam situasi perubahan yang dahsyat dan rumit sebagai akibat perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi komunikasi dan informasi yang menjangkau kawasan luas (globalisasi) sehingga mendorong manusia untuk selalu menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi yang ada (Jazuli, 2014).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan utama penulisan artikel ini adalah mengedukasi pembaca mengenai peran penting manajemen seni dalam Geratri Festival, memberikan wawasan praktis, merangsang kolaborasi antara pelaku seni, penyelenggara acara, dan institusi pendidikan di Batam. Fokusnya adalah memberikan panduan praktis untuk menciptakan lingkungan seni yang inklusif dan kuat dalam komunitas. Selain memberikan informasi, juga berusaha menginspirasi pembaca untuk aktif berkontribusi dalam membangun dan memelihara festival seni lokal melalui seni pertunjukan dan peran instansi pendidikan seni di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 592, "width": 400, "height": 107, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Meskipun belum ada festival serupa di Batam, hipotesis yang diajukan tidak hanya menjadi gambaran faktual tentang Geratri Festival, tetapi juga merupakan kontribusi signifikan untuk pemahaman tentang bagaimana festival ini memengaruhi ekosistem seni di Batam melalui seni pertunjukan dan bincang seni santai yang merupakan program reguler dari Universitas Universal Batam. Naratif yang disusun dari temuan penelitian akan membantu merinci peran kreatif, nilai budaya, dan dampak positif kolaborasi antarkomunitas seni.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "28", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 56, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 130, "width": 400, "height": 233, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metodologi penelitian merupakan kerangka pemecahan masalah yang menggambarkan tahap-tahap penyelesaian masalah secara singkat beserta penjelasannya. Metode adalah bagian yang secara teknis menjelaskan prosedur pengumpulan data, pengolahan, dan teknik analisisnya. Dengan membaca bagian ini, pembaca dapat memahami cara kerja peneliti dalam melaksanakan, melaporkan, dan menganalisis penelitiannya (Zaluchu, 2021). Dalam penelitian ini, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan merancang kegiatan yang melibatkan partisipasi langsung untuk mendapatkan pengalaman mendalam mengenai Geratri Festival di Batam. Penelitian kualitatif adalah jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam konteks alami dengan tujuan menafsirkan fenomena yang terjadi. Metode ini melibatkan berbagai teknik untuk menemukan dan menggambarkan secara naratif aktivitas yang dilakukan serta dampaknya terhadap kehidupan para subjek penelitian (Fadli, 2021). Pengamatan langsung dan pencatatan lapangan digunakan sebagai dasar untuk menciptakan narasi visual yang mendalam, menggambarkan keberagaman pertunjukan, dan respons masyarakat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 368, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Teknik pengumpulan data melibatkan wawancara dengan berbagai pihak terkait, seperti pelaku seni, penyelenggara, dan penonton. Wawancara membahas kontribusi seni pertunjukan, peran masing-masing pihak, dan dampak festival pada pengembangan seni di Batam. Observasi langsung dilakukan selama pertunjukan untuk mencatat visual, interaksi, dan atmosfer keseluruhan festival. Dokumentasi melibatkan pengumpulan berbagai informasi terkait Geratri Festival, seperti video, foto, laporan, artikel berita, dan materi promosi. Integrasi teknik-teknik ini menciptakan triangulasi data, meningkatkan validitas temuan penelitian. Berikut ini daftar informan pada penelitian yang telah dilakukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 527, "width": 376, "height": 156, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Data Informan Penelitian No. Nama Jabatan Usia 1. Denny Eko Wibowo Dekan Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam 39 tahun 2. Merry Pimpinan Beatus Finis Creative & Pimpinan Produksi Geratri Festival 26 tahun 3. Radika Dhimas Putra Alantino Anggota Beatus Finis Creative & Pimpinan Artistik Geratri Festival 26 tahun 4. Restu Gustian Asra Anggota Beatus Finis Creative & PIC Talent Geratri Festival 24 tahun 5. Rudi Hartono Talent Geratri Fest (Perwakilan Komunitas) 25 tahun 6. Dhimas Ikhfatull Ichwan Pengunjung pada acara Geratri Festival 23 tahun", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "29", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 293, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Deskripsi Event Geratri Festival dan Bincang Seni Santai", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 146, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival, sebuah inisiatif dari Beatus Finis Creative, menjadi puncak perayaan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Beatus Finis Creative membangun Geratri Festival dengan visi menciptakan ruang apresiasi yang menghubungkan pelaku seni tari, baik yang telah berkiprah lama maupun yang baru merintis karir sehingga dapat dikatakan komunitas ini sebagai komunitas produksi pertunjukan yang telah menorehkan sejumlah kesuksesan. Geratri Festival ini tidak hanya menjadi wadah untuk pertunjukan unik tetapi juga sebagai penghormatan terhadap Hari Tari Dunia dengan mengusung tema penyuaraan, ruang, dan tari.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 273, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Acara ini menawarkan lebih dari sekadar pertunjukan. Bincang seni santai, sebuah program diskusi kreatif yang diadakan di Universitas Universal, memberikan wadah bagi para koreografer untuk berbagi proses kreatif mereka. Program ini, yang telah menjadi program reguler di Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal, membuka jendela wawasan terhadap seni budaya melalui karya tari. Geratri Festival menciptakan peluang dengan mengundang peserta sebanyak 25 kelompok tari dari berbagai kelompok tari untuk berpartisipasi dan menghadirkan pengalaman seni yang tak terlupakan bagi 300-800 penonton dari berbagai kalangan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 416, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival, yang dijadwalkan pada Minggu, 7 Mei 2023, mulai pukul 16.00 WIB hingga selesai, berlangsung di Central Square Garden dengan konsep panggung arena. Salah satu ciri dari bentuk pentas arena adalah bahwa antara pemeran dan penonton hampir tidak memiliki batas. Dengan perkataan lain, hubungan antara penonton dan pemeran dalam pentas arena ini dapat dikatakan akrab sekali (Padmodarmaya, 1988). Penggunaan setting alam terbuka sebagai sarana untuk memberikan dukungan terhadap proses pembelajaran secara menyeluruh dan sekaligus membebaskan para peserta dari impitan suasana dan ritme rutinitas kerja yang biasa mereka alami (Riskomar & Elfily, 2004).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 559, "width": 400, "height": 169, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Acara ini menawarkan pertunjukan seni tari yang beragam, menciptakan ruang apresiasi bagi para pelaku seni tari di Batam. Menariknya, festival ini menjadi perayaan Hari Tari Dunia yang pertama kali diadakan di Batam, bertujuan untuk mempererat dan mempersatukan hubungan antara pelaku seni tari, baik yang sudah lama berkecimpung maupun yang baru memulai. Selain pertunjukan yang menarik, Geratri Festival juga menawarkan ruang diskusi dengan program berjudul “Bincang Seni Santai: Proses Kreatif Karya Tari” pada tanggal 8 Mei 2023, mulai pukul 19.00 WIB hingga 21.00 WIB di Universitas Universal Batam. Program ini secara rutin diadakan di Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam dan bertujuan untuk mengasah keterampilan koreografer serta memperkaya pengetahuan dalam berbagai aspek seni. Kehadiran festival ini ditargetkan untuk mencakup berbagai", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "30", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kalangan, termasuk kelompok tari tradisional, studio tari modern, dan komunitas tari lainnya (Rezky Gustian Asra, wawancara, 9 Juni 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 148, "width": 401, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tidak hanya menawarkan sajian seni yang menginspirasi, Geratri Festival juga memberikan dampak positif secara sosial dan ekonomi. Penonton tidak hanya menikmati pertunjukan tetapi juga merasakan nuansa santai dengan konsep venue square garden yang nyaman dari Geratri Festival. Selain itu, bazar makanan dan minuman yang didukung oleh tenant lokal memberikan peluang untuk meningkatkan penjualan hingga 10%. Geratri Festival menjadi bagian integral dalam pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan dan keterlibatan masyarakat di Batam dengan menggabungkan seni, pendidikan, dan interaksi komunitas (Merry, wawancara Geratri Festival di Batam, 17 Oktober 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 277, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan dalam Geratri Festival", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Manajemen seni memegang peran sentral dalam perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, dan pengawasan pada Geratri Festival di Kota Batam. Beatus Finis Creative berdiri sejak Juli 2020 dengan beranggotakan penari dan pemusik yang mahir dalam persiapan produksi pertunjukan dengan fundamental manajemen seni untuk melibatkan pelaku-pelaku seni di Batam. Beatus Finis Creative telah memulai beberapa proyek pertunjukan dari skala kecil hingga besar, dipertemukan dari sebuah fakultas seni yang kemudian direalisasikan ke dalam penggarapan pertunjukan di instansi lainnya (Merry, wawancara profil Beatus Finis Creative, 10 Juni 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 466, "width": 401, "height": 185, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sistem manajemen seni pertunjukan adalah bagian integral dari struktur pengelolaan dalam sebuah organisasi. Sistem manajemen ini melibatkan proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengawasan, dan evaluasi (Alhazmi, 2023). Manajemen dapat diartikan sebagai tindakan kepemimpinan atau rangkaian kegiatan bimbingan dan pengawasan dalam berbagai usaha untuk mencapai tujuan yang dilakukan oleh para pemimpin. Dalam konsepnya, manajemen adalah suatu proses, kelompok orang yang terlibat dalam kegiatan tersebut, serta merupakan gabungan seni dan ilmu dalam mengelola keahlian (M. Jazuli, 2014). Mengingat bahwa manajemen produksi pertunjukan pada dasarnya berasal dari konsep manajemen, pemahaman terhadap fungsi dasar manajemen menjadi sangat penting. George R. Terry (1960) menggambarkan fungsi dasar manajemen sebagai suatu proses dinamis yang mencakup berbagai fungsi, yaitu: 1) Perencanaan ( planning ),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 401, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2) Pengorganisasian ( organizing ), 3) Penggerakan ( actuating ), 4) Pengawasan atau evaluasi ( controlling ) (Jazuli, 2014).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 688, "width": 400, "height": 58, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada pengelolaan event Geratri Festival, penyelenggara menerapkan konsep manajemen dengan mengikuti fungsi dasar manajemen sebagai suatu proses dinamis yang mencakup beberapa fungsi utama. Pembahasan mengenai penerapan fungsi dasar manajemen pada Geratri Festival di antaranya sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "31", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 116, "width": 141, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Perencanaan (Planning)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 132, "width": 401, "height": 170, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perencanaan dapat diartikan sebagai suatu langkah untuk menetapkan tujuan, kebijakan prosedur, pembuatan program, pembiayaan ( budgeting ), serta standar mutu dari kegiatan yang akan dilaksanakan. Dalam kegiatan perencanaan, terdapat elemen apa, bagaimana, mengapa, dan kapan tujuan akan dicapai. Inti dari perencanaan adalah memilih opsi terbaik dari berbagai alternatif yang tersedia (Vida & Bisri, 2020). Perencanaan pada Geratri Festival adalah tahap awal yang krusial dalam kesuksesan acara. Tim Beatus Finis Creative juga bertanggung jawab untuk menetapkan tujuan dan visi acara, merumuskan tema yang relevan, serta menyusun rencana strategis untuk mencapai hasil yang diinginkan. Ini mencakup penentuan jadwal pertunjukan, pemilihan seniman yang sesuai, dan alokasi anggaran yang efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 400, "height": 122, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival dirancang dengan saksama oleh tim Beatus Finis Creative untuk mencapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan. Perencanaan ini melibatkan penyusunan rencana strategis, termasuk pemilihan tema yang relevan, identifikasi seniman, dan pengaturan jadwal pertunjukan. Geratri Festival menggandeng beberapa komunitas seni tari di Kota Batam untuk mendapatkan wawasan yang lebih dalam dari setiap komunitas. Tujuan utama acara ini adalah menjadi platform seni pertunjukan inklusif dan beragam di Kota Batam, mendukung seniman lokal, serta mendorong partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan seni dan budaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 434, "width": 401, "height": 265, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada implementasinya, Geratri Festival menjalankan kebijakan prosedur yang terorganisasi dan efisien. Tahapan mencakup penentuan tema, identifikasi seniman, dan jadwal pertunjukan. Langkah pertama melibatkan penentuan tema acara, seperti tema penyuaraan, ruang, dan tari, yang dipilih dengan cermat sesuai dengan visi dan misi festival. Setelah itu, dilakukan identifikasi seniman dan kelompok seni yang ingin berpartisipasi, mengarah pada keberagaman dari genre pertunjukan tari seperti komunitas tari tradisional, kontemporer, serta modern dance yang saat ini sedang berkembang di Kota Batam. Penjadwalan pertunjukan dan diskusi seperti dalam program “Bincang Seni Santai” disesuaikan dengan kondisi ketersediaan lokasi dan tanggal diperingatinya Hari Tari Sedunia. Hari Tari Sedunia diperingati setiap tanggal 29 April, hanya saja pada tanggal yang sama lokasi pertunjukan yang menjadi mitra pada acara ini sudah memiliki jadwal kegiatan yang telah diatur sebelumnya, sehingga penyelenggara mengatur jadwal kembali dan menetapkan tanggal 7 Mei 2023 sampai dengan 8 Mei 2023 sebagai tanggal pelaksanaan kegiatan Geratri Festival. Pemilihan tanggal ini dilakukan agar tidak terlalu jauh dari kemeriahan perayaan Hari Tari Sedunia (Merry, wawancara, Geratri Festival di Batam, 17 Oktober 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 704, "width": 400, "height": 42, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada aspek pembiayaan, perencanaan biaya produksi Geratri Festival memerlukan ketelitian tinggi untuk memastikan kelancaran acara. Prediksi yang akurat menjadi krusial untuk menghindari defisit atau kelebihan biaya yang tidak", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 154, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "seimbang. Pengelolaan biaya yang baik mencakup strategi untuk memanfaatkan kelebihan dana dengan bijak, terutama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan artistik yang terus berkembang. Jika kelebihan dana tidak digunakan, dana tersebut dapat dikembalikan ke kas organisasi, menunjukkan transparansi dalam pengelolaan keuangan. Dalam hal pendanaan produksi, Geratri Festival juga mengandalkan sponsor sebagai sumber utama pendanaan produksi, menunjukkan pendekatan yang cermat dan terukur dalam perencanaan budgeting acara ini. Dalam perencanaannya, Geratri Festival juga berkomitmen menjalin kemitraan dengan beberapa instansi, lembaga swasta, dan komunitas untuk memperkuat dampak sosial dan budaya acara ini dalam mendukung pertumbuhan seni dan budaya di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 291, "width": 178, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Pengorganisasian (Organizing)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 400, "height": 185, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengorganisasian melibatkan pembentukan tim yang terampil dengan peran dan tanggung jawab yang jelas. Tim ini bertanggung jawab untuk menangani semua aspek logistik, termasuk lokasi, perizinan, dan peralatan teknis. Koordinasi dengan seniman, sponsor, dan pihak terkait lainnya juga merupakan bagian integral dari pengorganisasian. Proses organisasi meliputi serangkaian kegiatan yang beragam, dimulai dengan orientasi pada tujuan yang ingin dicapai dan diakhiri dengan kerangka kerja organisasi yang dilengkapi dengan metode dan teknik operasional, serta kekuatan, personel, dan peralatan yang diperlukan (Aprilia & Desfiarni, 2023). Manajemen sumber daya manusia dan fisik, termasuk relawan, juga menjadi fokus utama pada tahap ini. Tahap menciptakan struktur yang terorganisasi dan efisien untuk mendukung pelaksanaan acara dengan lancar. Memastikan keterlibatan semua pihak terkait dengan cara yang terkoordinasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 497, "width": 401, "height": 249, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap kelompok dalam organisasi memiliki struktur kepengurusan sebagai bentuk pengorganisasian. Tujuannya adalah untuk memudahkan pembagian tugas secara lebih terstruktur, sehingga tugas-tugas yang dibagi menjadi lebih mudah, adil, dan efisien (Giarti et al., 2022). Manajemen organisasi dan hubungan antarmanusia bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan potensi kemampuan personel secara optimal, misalnya dengan motivasi, pengarahan, pembagian kerja, dan usaha nonteknik lainnya di mana masing-masing unsur memiliki keterkaitan yang erat (Soeharto, 1999). Beatus Finis Creative merancang struktur organisasinya dengan cermat, terdiri dari tujuh individu yang membentuk tim yang solid. Pemimpin proyek sebagai Project Leader , mengkoordinasikan langkah-langkah keseluruhan dari perencanaan hingga evaluasi, memastikan setiap proyek seni mencapai tujuan yang ditetapkan. Divisi Sponsorship berfokus pada menjalin kemitraan dengan pihak sponsor, mencari dukungan finansial untuk mendukung proyek. Sound Division bertanggung jawab atas aspek audio, memastikan kualitas suara terbaik dalam setiap pertunjukan. Videografer & Design menciptakan elemen visual yang memukau, dari pengambilan gambar hingga desain grafis. Sementara itu, Media", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "33", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 91, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Social & Design mengelola kehadiran online , merancang konten media sosial dan kampanye pemasaran digital. Dengan setiap divisi yang bekerja bersama, Beatus Finis Creative mampu menghadirkan proyek seni yang berkualitas tinggi, menggabungkan keahlian unik dari masing-masing anggota tim untuk menciptakan pengalaman seni baru di Kota Batam (Radika Dimas Putra Alantino, wawancara struktur organisasi Beatus Finis Creative, 15 Juli 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 135, "top": 228, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Penggerakan (Actuating)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 243, "width": 401, "height": 122, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penggerakan mencakup tahap pelaksanaan rencana yang telah disusun sebelumnya. Tim pelaksana bertanggung jawab untuk mengkoordinasikan setiap aspek acara, termasuk pengelolaan backstage , pelaksanaan pertunjukan, dan interaksi langsung dengan penonton. Pada tahap ini, penyelenggara juga membentuk tim produksi lapangan yang akan bekerja langsung pada pelaksanaan kegiatan. Dalam suatu pertunjukan, peran manajemen memiliki kepentingan yang setara dengan pemeran (talent) pertunjukan yang terlibat. Manajemen memainkan peran signifikan dalam menjamin keberhasilan pelaksanaan kegiatan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 400, "height": 218, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tugas dan tanggung jawab dari panitia pelaksana ini menjadi kunci dalam mengelola setiap fase pagelaran, termasuk perencanaan awal, promosi dan pemasaran pertunjukan, hingga pengaturan jalannya pertunjukan agar dapat berjalan sukses. Dalam manajemen pertunjukan, biasanya terbentuk suatu panitia atau organisasi produksi yang bertugas mengkoordinasikan setiap tahapan kegiatan sesuai dengan tupoksi (tugas, pokok, dan fungsi) yang telah ditetapkan (Efendi, 2021). Struktur organisasi produksi dapat mengambil bentuk yang sederhana dengan jumlah orang yang terbatas namun tetap mampu menjalankan produksi dengan efektif. Sebaliknya, struktur organisasi produksi juga dapat bersifat kompleks dengan jumlah orang yang banyak, diatur dalam bagian atau sub-bagian yang memiliki tugas dan tanggung jawab spesifik. Pendekatan yang pertama bertujuan untuk mencapai efisiensi dan efektivitas dalam menjalankan pekerjaan, memanfaatkan tenaga kerja yang terampil dan profesional untuk memastikan keberhasilan produksi (Murni, 2013).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 592, "width": 400, "height": 154, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pelaksanaan Geratri Festival menerapkan struktur tim produksi sederhana yang melibatkan jumlah orang yang terbatas namun tetap bisa menjalankan produksi dengan efektif. Deskripsi pekerjaan menjadi hal yang mendasar bagi setiap divisi agar bekerja sesuai dengan batasan tugasnya dan mengurangi risiko bekerja di luar tanggung jawabnya. Komunikasi yang baik sangat penting untuk menjaga timeline , deadline , dan fokus kerja masing-masing, sehingga semuanya dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien (Putra & Kusuma, 2023). Berdasarkan wawancara dengan Merry mengenai Geratri Festival di Batam tanggal 17 Oktober 2023, Geratri Festival hanya melibatkan sepuluh orang tim produksi yang masing- masing perannya terbagi sebagai berikut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "34", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 116, "width": 210, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Struktur Tim Produksi Geratri Festival", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 120, "top": 130, "width": 394, "height": 600, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No. Nama Struktur Panitia Fungsi Tugas 1. Merry Pimpinan Produksi Bertanggung jawab atas pengelolaan keseluruhan produksi lapangan Geratri Festival. • Merencanakan, mengorganisasi, dan mengawasi berbagai aspek teknis dan logistik acara. • Memastikan semua tim bekerja sesuai dengan jadwal dan memenuhi standar kualitas yang ditetapkan. 2. Rezky Gustian Asra Stage Manager Memiliki peran kunci dalam pengaturan jalannya pertunjukan. • Melibatkan koordinasi dengan semua pihak terlibat, termasuk seniman, teknisi, dan pihak terkait lainnya. • Memastikan bahwa setiap elemen pertunjukan berjalan sesuai dengan rencana, termasuk perpindahan peralatan dan persiapan panggung. 3. Radika Dimas Putra Alantino Pimpinan Artistik Bertanggung jawab atas unsur artistik dan kreatif acara. • Bekerja sama dengan seniman untuk memastikan konsep artistik terwujud dalam pertunjukan. • Terlibat dalam pemilihan tema, desain panggung, dan koordinasi elemen visual lainnya. 4. Jhonaldo Sianipar dan Aldi Sound Engineer Berperan penting dalam menangani aspek audio teknis dari pertunjukan. Bertanggung jawab atas penyetelan dan pengelolaan sistem suara, memastikan kualitas audio yang optimal selama acara. 5. Restu Gustian Asra Person in Charge (PIC) Talent Bertanggung jawab mengelola dan berkomunikasi dengan para seniman serta komunitas seni yang terlibat. Membantu memastikan kebutuhan dan persyaratan seniman terpenuhi, serta menyediakan dukungan yang diperlukan selama pertunjukan. 6. Clarita Aurelia Chandra dan Witri Febriyani Tim Dokumentasi Berperan vital dalam menciptakan arsip visual acara, yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk dokumentasi, promosi, dan evaluasi. Bertugas merekam dan mendokumentasikan seluruh acara, termasuk foto dan video. 7. Zuri Felia Savitri dan Febri Stage Crew Berperan penting dalam memastikan segala sesuatu di atas panggung berjalan lancar dan sesuai rencana. Terlibat dalam pekerjaan fisik di lapangan, termasuk pengaturan dan penataan panggung, peralatan, serta membantu seniman selama pertunjukan.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "35", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 149, "top": 116, "width": 216, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Pengawasan dan Evaluasi (Controlling)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 132, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penilaian kinerja suatu rangkaian pekerjaan dengan merinci data sebelum dan setelah jalannya suatu produksi adalah suatu evaluasi. Perbandingan hasilnya dapat menghasilkan penilaian positif atau negatif, keuntungan atau kerugian, manfaat yang diraih atau tidak sama sekali, atau bahkan hanya mencapai titik keseimbangan. Beberapa aspek yang krusial dalam mengevaluasi sebuah produksi melibatkan pencapaian visi produksi yang dinilai dari perspektif seluruh pelaku produksi dan penonton, minat masyarakat yang tercermin dalam komentar dan jumlah penonton, aspek keuangan, perkembangan jaringan produksi, serta keberlanjutan keseluruhan produksi (Murni, 2013). Dalam mengevaluasi Geratri Festival, beberapa aspek menjadi sangat krusial untuk memastikan keberhasilan dan dampak positif acara tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 307, "width": 400, "height": 392, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pencapaian tujuan dari Geratri Festival terlihat pada respons positif dari salah satu penonton pertunjukan Geratri festival yaitu Dimas atau yang akrab dipanggil Iyok ini mengatakan ketertarikannya terhadap festival ini muncul karena jarangnya kota Batam menghadirkan wadah untuk festival tari. Saat menghadiri Geratri Festival, ia terkejut melihat banyaknya penonton yang hadir dengan kurang lebih 300 sampai 500 penonton. Ia menyadari bahwa di tengah kota industri Batam masih banyak masyarakat yang antusias terhadap seni pertunjukan. Beberapa pertunjukan yang paling berkesan baginya adalah karya tari Seri Petua, Muleh, dan Burung Kabar Burung. Ia sangat bangga dengan keragaman seni pertunjukan yang ditampilkan, menilai bahwa Geratri Festival menjadi awal baru untuk perkembangan seni di Batam. Iyok berharap Geratri Festival dapat diadakan lagi di masa mendatang dan menjadi event bulanan, bahkan menjadi objek wisata yang diakui oleh Pemerintah Kota Batam dan pusat pariwisata. Sebagai saran, Iyok menginginkan konsep acara yang lebih tertata dan harapannya agar terdapat interaksi yang lebih intens antara pengisi acara dengan penonton. Melihat peran Geratri Festival dalam meningkatkan kehidupan seni dan budaya di Kota Batam, ia merasa hal ini sangat baik, berharap dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi Pemerintah Kota Batam untuk menyelenggarakan acara-acara seni yang lebih besar dan melibatkan seniman dari berbagai tingkatan, termasuk skala provinsi, nasional, bahkan internasional (D. I. Ichwan, wawancara Respons Terhadap Pertunjukan Geratri Fest, 9 Mei 2023). Dalam pengelolaan aset seni, keaktifan partisipasi masyarakat dalam mendukung seniman dan menghargai karya seni menjadi aspek krusial. Keterlibatan aktif masyarakat memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kesadaran akan urgensi melestarikan serta memanfaatkan aset seni secara berkelanjutan (Ardiyasa, 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "36", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 27, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengembangan Komunitas Seni dan Pengaruh pada Pertumbuhan Seni Pertunjukan di Kota Batam", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 148, "width": 400, "height": 217, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival tidak sekadar menjadi sebuah festival seni, tetapi juga menjadi pusat pengembangan dan penguatan komunitas seni di Batam. Produk budaya dihasilkan oleh perilaku individu atau kelompok yang diperkenalkan melalui interaksi sosial dalam kegiatan kelompok untuk membangun kehidupan yang lebih baik. Dorongan manusia untuk mencapai perkembangan hidup yang lebih baik ini menciptakan sebuah komunitas yang baik (Pitaloka, 2017). Festival ini telah menciptakan platform yang memungkinkan seniman dan pelaku seni lokal untuk berkumpul, berkolaborasi, dan bersatu dalam satu wadah perayaan seni yang besar. Dalam konteks ini, Geratri Festival tidak hanya menjadi pesta seni tahunan, melainkan juga sarana pembinaan, pelatihan, dan pertukaran gagasan antarkomunitas seni di kota. Kebebasan berekspresi oleh komunitas seni dalam ruang alternatif yang dikemas dalam ajang festival dipahami sebagai bagian dari upaya pencarian peran dan penegasan atas identitas diri berbasis pada kelokalan (Aswoyo & Sularso, 2020).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Setiap kelompok seni membawa kekayaan seni dan budaya mereka sendiri ke panggung Geratri Festival, menciptakan suasana yang memadukan tradisi dan inovasi. Pertukaran ide, teknik, dan kreativitas antarkelompok seni menciptakan lingkungan di mana seniman dapat saling menginspirasi dan mengembangkan diri mereka, membuka jalan bagi pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Seni merupakan bagian integral dari kebudayaan yang tumbuh dan berkembang seiring dengan perkembangan manusia, baik sebagai pencipta maupun penikmatnya. Seni memiliki nilai estetis yang menarik bagi manusia dan mengandung ide-ide yang diekspresikan melalui aktivitas atau bentuk visual sebagai lambang (Idawati, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 400, "height": 106, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seni pertunjukan berperan sebagai bentuk seni yang tidak hanya menjadi hiburan, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai sarana ritual dan presentasi estetis. Pemahaman ini menguatkan ide bahwa seni pertunjukan dapat menjadi pedoman perilaku sosial bagi manusia (Darlenis, 2021). Dalam konteks Geratri Festival, pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan tidak hanya tercermin dalam acara tahunan itu sendiri, tetapi juga memiliki dampak jangka panjang pada komunitas seni. Festival ini menjadi pendorong meningkatnya apresiasi masyarakat terhadap seni", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 175, "top": 612, "width": 262, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Penampilan salah satu komunitas seni di Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 232, "top": 624, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "37", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 249, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertunjukan lokal, membuka peluang bagi seniman setempat untuk mendapatkan pengakuan lebih luas dan mengembangkan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Hubungan yang terbentuk dalam masyarakat sosial terikat pada cara mereka menciptakan produksi kehidupan material mereka. Program-program yang dihadirkan oleh suatu komunitas membentuk posisi di mana terdapat karya antara seniman dan masyarakat. Karya tersebut pada akhirnya memberikan pengetahuan atau pengalaman yang dapat diapresiasi oleh masyarakat. Selain itu, karya yang ada dalam konteks lingkungan masyarakat juga berfungsi sebagai penghubung antara seniman dan masyarakat (Almusoffa & Anggrian, 2022). Dengan demikian, Geratri Festival bukan hanya sebuah peristiwa tahunan, melainkan juga dasar untuk pertumbuhan dan keberlanjutan seni pertunjukan di kota Batam. Kebudayaan yang akan hidup terus-menerus dengan memperbarui dirinya. Jika kebudayaan tersebut berhenti memperbarui diri, maka ia akan mati. Kekuatan untuk memperbarui diri berasal dari semangat hidup yang ada dalam setiap individu yang mendukung kebudayaan tersebut. Semangat hidup ini muncul dalam bentuk pikiran, perasaan, dan keinginan batin setiap orang (Rendra, 1984).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 370, "width": 400, "height": 281, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Rudi Hartono yang merupakan salah satu penampil, Geratri Festival memiliki peran krusial dalam pengembangan komunitas seni lokal di Kota Batam dan sekitarnya melalui penyelenggaraan pagelaran tari skala besar. Upaya konkret yang terlihat adalah peran aktif panitia melalui media sosial serta keterlibatan banyak seniman tari dalam acara ini. Manfaat yang terlihat dalam pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan di Kota Batam adalah sebagai wadah untuk pertukaran gagasan dan perluasan wawasan, terutama dalam seni tari. Rudi Hartono juga mengatakan Geratri Festival secara tidak langsung dapat mengatasi tantangan dalam membangun komunitas seni inklusif dengan keterlibatan rutin dan melibatkan kembali seniman yang pernah terlibat. Festival ini juga berhasil melibatkan generasi muda dalam komunitas seni, memberikan mereka peluang untuk belajar dan berkembang sebagai seniman. Dampak positif Geratri Festival terlihat dari antusiasme masyarakat dan perkembangan seniman, baik dari segi partisipasi maupun perkembangan kualitas seni pertunjukan. Geratri Festival juga memiliki program seperti “Bincang Seni Santai” yang dirancang untuk memperkuat konektivitas antara komunitas seni di Kota Batam dan membangun kerja sama yang berkelanjutan (R. Hartono, wawancara Perkembangan Ekosistem Seni di Kota Batam melalui Geratri Fest, 9 Mei 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 400, "height": 90, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberadaan komunitas tergantung pada kesadaran untuk saling berinteraksi dalam memahami norma-norma sosial, tradisi, serta bersama-sama memberikan makna pada nilai dan tujuan bersama. Proses ini menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran komunitas seni di kota Batam turut berkontribusi pada dinamika sosial. Dinamika sosial dimulai dari interaksi sosial sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan pengalaman seni bagi seluruh komunitas seni di kota Batam. Peningkatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "38", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 43, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pengetahuan dan pengalaman seni ini membuka peluang kreativitas bagi komunitas seni, dengan dampak yang dirasakan pada kehidupan kesenian di wilayah Kota Batam secara umum (Aswoyo & Sularso, 2020: 131).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 291, "width": 400, "height": 106, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daya perekat suatu kelompok, terutama berasal dari kepentingan bersama dalam memenuhi kebutuhan sosialnya, umumnya didasarkan pada kesamaan budaya, ideologi, dan status sosial-ekonomi. Selain itu, secara fisik, kelompok ini umumnya terbatas oleh lokasi atau batas geografis tertentu. Oleh karena itu, setiap kelompok memiliki pendekatan dan mekanisme yang unik dalam menanggapi dan mengatasi tantangan yang dihadapinya, serta dalam mengembangkan kapabilitas kelompok mereka (Setiawan, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 402, "width": 400, "height": 233, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keberhasilan Geratri Festival sebagai satu-satunya festival yang menghimpun kelompok seni dapat dijelaskan melalui konsep daya perekatnya. Inti festival ini terletak pada kepentingan bersama para pelaku seni di Kota Batam. Festival ini menjadi titik pertemuan berbagai kelompok seni dengan kesamaan budaya, ideologi, dan status sosial-ekonomi terkait seni pertunjukan. Lokasi di Kota Batam menjadi faktor fisik yang memperkuat identitas kelompok ini. Pelaku seni dari latar belakang beragam bersatu dalam Geratri Festival, menciptakan ruang untuk berbagi, belajar, dan berkembang bersama. Keberhasilan festival ini tak hanya terletak pada pertunjukan, tetapi juga pada cara mereka mengatasi keterbatasan seperti logistik, kerja sama antarkelompok, dan perbedaan pendekatan seni. Dengan demikian, Geratri Festival menjadi contoh nyata bagaimana komunitas seni dapat tumbuh melalui daya perekat dari kesamaan kepentingan, budaya, dan kondisi sosial-ekonomi, diwujudkan dalam ruang geografis Kota Batam. Pendekatan dan mekanisme unik ini membantu Geratri Festival sukses menyatukan beragam bakat seni dan menciptakan ekosistem seni yang dinamis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 656, "width": 355, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peran Instansi Pendidikan Seni di Kota Batam pada Geratri Festival", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 672, "width": 400, "height": 74, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Universal Batam, melalui Program Studi Seni Tari, juga memegang peran dalam kesuksesan Geratri Festival di Kota Batam. Mahasiswa dan dosen dari Program Studi Seni Tari Universitas Universal Batam terlibat secara aktif dalam berbagai tahapan festival, memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap keragaman dan kualitas pertunjukan seni yang ditampilkan. Pendidikan seni kini", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 197, "top": 259, "width": 235, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Antusias masyarakat terhadap Geratri Festival.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 240, "top": 270, "width": 150, "height": 9, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "39", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 123, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "mempertimbangkan konsep 'pemfungsian seni' daripada sekadar 'penularan seni', dengan tujuan menggunakan seni sebagai sarana untuk membantu perkembangan individu peserta didik dalam persiapan menuju masa depan mereka. Ini dikenal sebagai fungsi seni sebagai aset pendidikan atau 'fungsi didik seni' ( education through arts ). Dalam hal ini, seni berperan dalam membantu mengembangkan potensi penuh peserta didik, dengan karakteristik seni dimanfaatkan untuk mendukung persiapan generasi penerus yang menjadi harapan bagi bangsa dan negara (Sabri, 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 243, "width": 400, "height": 234, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bapak Denny Eko Wibowo selaku Dekan Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam mengatakan partisipasi mahasiswa dari Program Studi Seni Tari tidak terbatas pada peran sebagai penari semata, namun mereka juga turut serta dalam manajemen panggung dan pengembangan konsep artistik. Dengan demikian, mahasiswa tidak hanya mendapatkan pengalaman praktis dalam dunia seni pertunjukan tetapi juga mengasah keterampilan kreatif mereka melalui proses kolaboratif. Dosen dari Program Studi Seni Tari Universitas Universal Batam juga terlibat pada kegiatan ini walaupun belum secara penuh. Dosen yang terlibat tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pembimbing, tetapi juga sebagai mentor bahkan ikut serta sebagai pelaku seni yang menyajikan karya tarinya yang luar biasa. Mereka memberikan panduan dan dukungan kepada mahasiswa, membimbing mereka dalam proses kreatif dan teknis. Kolaborasi yang erat antara mahasiswa dan dosen menciptakan dinamika unik dalam penyelenggaraan Geratri Festival (D. E. Wibowo, wawancara Peran Instansi Pendidikan dalam Geratri Festival, 9 Mei 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 481, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Universal Batam, khususnya Program Studi Seni Tari, juga mengintegrasikan program pendidikan seni mereka dengan Geratri Festival. Tidak hanya berperan sebagai penyumbang talenta seni melalui Program Studi Seni Tari, tetapi juga menghadirkan dimensi pendidikan seni yang lebih dalam melalui program “Bincang Seni Santai yang ke-9” (BSS#9) yang terintegrasi dengan Geratri Festival. Program ini, yang sebelumnya telah menjadi bagian reguler dari Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal, memperkaya pengalaman festival dengan menyuguhkan ruang diskusi yang mendalam tentang proses kreatif dalam seni pertunjukan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 238, "top": 733, "width": 150, "height": 21, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. “Bincang Seni Santai #9” Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "40", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 114, "width": 400, "height": 109, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "“Bincang Seni Santai” di Geratri Festival menjadi wadah edukasi bagi para pelaku seni dan penonton. Mahasiswa dan dosen dari Program Studi Seni Tari Universitas Universal Batam memainkan peran menjadi narasumber dalam diskusi ini, membagikan wawasan mereka tentang perkembangan seni pertunjukan dan mengeksplorasi bagaimana proses kreatif yang dilakukan dalam penciptaan karya. Interaksi ini membuka peluang untuk pertukaran ide dan kolaborasi antarkelompok seni yang beragam, memperkuat jejaring komunitas seni di Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 228, "width": 400, "height": 249, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Universitas Universal Batam dengan menggabungkan Geratri Festival dan “Bincang Seni Santai,” menciptakan model pendidikan seni yang komprehensif dan merangsang perkembangan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Ini bukan sekadar festival seni, tetapi juga perayaan pengetahuan, kolaborasi, dan pertumbuhan seni budaya dalam komunitas. Geratri Festival, bekerja sama dengan Universitas Universal Batam, tidak hanya sebagai tempat pertunjukan seni, melainkan juga sebagai platform pembelajaran berharga bagi mahasiswa Program Studi Seni Tari. Festival ini berhasil menghubungkan kesenian dari pendidikan formal ke panggung praktik, menciptakan hubungan harmonis antara dunia akademis dan seni pertunjukan di Kota Batam. Menurut Bapak Denny, kegiatan ini juga bisa menjadi sarana promosi untuk Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam, meskipun dampak promosi tersebut belum sepenuhnya terlihat. Oleh karena itu, Dekan Fakultas Seni Universitas Universal Batam berharap Geratri Festival dapat menjadi kegiatan yang terus dilakukan secara konsisten dan selalu melibatkan institusi pendidikan seni agar dampaknya lebih terlihat dari sebelumnya (D. E. Wibowo, wawancara Peran Instansi Pendidikan dalam Geratri Festival, 9 Mei 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 481, "width": 400, "height": 138, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival ini diharapkan dapat menjadi upaya untuk mendukung perkembangan para seniman dan komunitas seni dalam mengasah keterampilan dan pengetahuan mereka. Melalui program seni pertunjukan dan bincang seni santai yang berkolaborasi dengan institusi pendidikan seni dan komunitas seni lokal menjadi landasan yang kuat untuk membangun jaringan yang mendukung pertumbuhan seni dan budaya di Kota Batam. Dengan langkah-langkah ini, Geratri Festival bukan hanya menjadi sebuah pertunjukan seni, tetapi juga sebuah ruang apresiasi yang membawa manfaat edukatif dan mendalam bagi pengembangan seni tari di masyarakat Kota Batam.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 640, "width": 84, "height": 11, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 654, "width": 400, "height": 91, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Geratri Festival merupakan inisiatif dari Beatus Finis Creative menjadi puncak perayaan seni pertunjukan di Batam. Acara ini menawarkan pertunjukan seni tari beragam dan sebagai wujud perayaan Hari Tari Dunia. Selain pertunjukan, Geratri Festival menyelenggarakan “Bincang Seni Santai” di Universitas Universal Batam, memberi kesempatan pada koreografer untuk berbagi mengenai proses kreatif yang telah dilakukan. Pada Geratri Festival, manajemen seni pertunjukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "41", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 170, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berperan sentral dengan Beatus Finis Creative sebagai motor penggerak. Manajemen melibatkan perencanaan, pengorganisasian, penggerakan, dan pengawasan, memastikan keberhasilan dan dampak positif Geratri Festival. Tim produksi yang terlibat terdiri dari 10 orang yang memainkan peran kunci dalam pengorganisasian, perencanaan hingga pelaksanaan. Evaluasi kinerja melibatkan aspek finansial, partisipasi masyarakat, dan perkembangan seni pertunjukan menurut pelaku seni di Kota Batam. Geratri Festival dapat menjadi acara tahunan juga katalisator pertumbuhan seni pertunjukan di Kota Batam. Melibatkan komunitas seni, festival ini menciptakan ruang untuk pertukaran ide, kolaborasi, dan pengembangan seniman lokal, membawa dampak positif jangka panjang pada seni pertunjukan di kota.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 323, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEPUSTAKAAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 339, "width": 374, "height": 11, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alhazmi, A. H. (2023). Analisis tata kelola seni pertunjukan di taman budaya", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 352, "width": 262, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Yogyakarta. Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni , 9 (1), 26–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24821/jtks.v9i1.8380", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 380, "width": 378, "height": 52, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Almusoffa, M. S., & Anggrian, M. (2022). Peran Serta Posisi “Hysteria” Colaboratorium And Creative Impact HUB. di Era Disrupsi: Dampak Teknologi pada Medan Sosial Seni Rupa di Kota Semarang. Jurnal Kusa Lawa , 2 (2), 102–116.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 435, "width": 384, "height": 80, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.kusalawa.2022.002.02.08 Aprilia, A., & Desfiarni, D. (2023). Manajemen seni pertunjukan di sanggar Gastarana kelurahan Garegeh kecamatan Mandiangin Koto Selayan kota Bukittinggi Sumatera Barat. Avant-Garde : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Seni Pertunjukan , 1 (2), 167–176. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/ag.v1i2.22", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 518, "width": 383, "height": 25, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ardiyasa, I. P. (2023). Pengelolaan aset seni dalam organisasi seni tradisional: Studi kasus sekaa sebunan desa Kedis, Buleleng. Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni ,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 546, "width": 398, "height": 66, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 (2), 95–107. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24821/jtks.v9i2.10934 Aswoyo, J., & Sularso. (2020). The Concept of Panutan in governance festival lima gunung in Magelang Central Java Indonesia. Harmonia: Journal of Arts Research And Education , 20 (1), 1–9. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/harmonia.v20i1.24818", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 615, "width": 392, "height": 52, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Darlenis, T. (2021). Seni pertunjukan sebagai strategi pencitraan kota studi kasus Solo international performing arts (SIPA). Lakon: Jurnal Pengkajian & Penciptaan Wayang , 18 (1), 65–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33153/lakon.v18i1.4107", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 670, "width": 396, "height": 80, "page_number": 17, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doubler, M. N. H. (2018). Tari Pengalaman Seni yang Kreatif -terj. Kumorohadi (Dance a Creative Art Experience) . Fakutas Seni Pertujukan ISI Denpasar. https://opac.isi.ac.id//index.php?p=show_detail&id=41015#gsc.tab=0 Efendi, A. (2021). Bagaimana susunan manajemen pertunjukan tari dan apa saja tugasnya? Tirto.Id. https://tirto.id/bagaimana-susunan-manajemen- pertunjukan-tari-dan-apa-saja-tugasnya-gjuW", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "42", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 121, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rezky Gustian Asra 1 & Merry Merry 2 , Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Geratri Festival ...", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 400, "height": 80, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fadli, M. R. (2021). Memahami desain metode penelitian kualitatif. Humanika , 21 (1), 33–54. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/hum.v21i1.38075 Giarti, T., Hasan, H., & Heryanto, A. (2022). Manajemen Pengelolaan Seni Pertunjukan pada Kelompok Teater Potlot di Kota Palembang. Creativity and Research Theatre Journal , 4 (1), 49–63. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/cartj.v4i1.2558", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 199, "width": 377, "height": 39, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Idawati, I. (2019). Pengaruh acara festival seni terhadap citra sekolah di SMA negeri 6 Pekanbaru. Jurkom: Jurnal Riset Komunikasi , 2 (1), 63–73. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24329/jurkom.v2i1.44", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 241, "width": 331, "height": 24, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jazuli, M. (2014). Manajemen seni pertunjukan edisi 2 . Graha Ilmu. Jazuli, M. (2014). Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan . Graha Ilmu.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 268, "width": 388, "height": 66, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lahpan, N. Y. K., Putra, B. D., & Hidayana, I. S. (2023). Lahpan, N. Y. (2023). Festival Seni dan Ruang Publik yang Inklusif Bagi Pelestarian Seni Tradisi dan Pengembangan Ekosistem Pariwisata di Jawa Barat. , 187. Prosiding Penelitian Dan PKM ISBI Bandung , 187–191. https://jurnal.isbi.ac.id/index.php/Prosiding/article/view/3148", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 337, "width": 373, "height": 39, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Murni, N. (2013). Tari dan Manajemen Pertunjukan. Garak Jo Garik: Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Penciptaan Seni , 9 (1), 1–14. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26887/gjg.v9i1.199", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 379, "width": 396, "height": 52, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Padmodarmaya, P. (1988). Tata dan Teknis Pentas . Balai Pustaka. Pitaloka, M. (2017). Peran Komunitas Seni Rupa “ORArt-ORET” sebagai Wadah Ekspresi Seni Masyarakat Kota Semarang. 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Manajemen Proyek (Dari Konseptual Sampai Operasional) .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 641, "width": 359, "height": 25, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Erlangga. https://nawindah.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/e- book-manajemen-proyek.pdf", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 113, "top": 668, "width": 372, "height": 53, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vida, A. N., & Bisri, M. H. (2020). Manajemen seni pertunjukan Solo international performing arts (SIPA) oleh komunitas SIPA di Surakarta. Jurnal Seni Tari , 9 (2), 105–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15294/jst.v9i2.40315", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 724, "width": 368, "height": 24, "page_number": 18, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Wiresna, A. G. (2022). Manajemen Seni Pertunjukan Sebagai Metode Pengembangan Karakter. Awilaras: Jurnal Musik Bambu , 9 (1), 27–37.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 307, "top": 791, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "43", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 207, "top": 62, "width": 294, "height": 7, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Jurnal Tata Kelola Seni- Vol.10 No.1, Juni 2024 | p-ISSN 2442-9589 | e-ISSN 2614-7009", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 116, "width": 366, "height": 25, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.26742/jal.v9i1.2610 Zaluchu, S. E. (2021). Metode Penelitian di dalam Manuskrip Jurnal Ilmiah", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 137, "top": 144, "width": 280, "height": 25, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keagamaan. Jurnal Teologi Berita Hidup , 3 (2), 249–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.38189/jtbh.v3i2.93", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 113, "top": 199, "width": 55, "height": 11, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lampiran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 148, "top": 333, "width": 368, "height": 16, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Flyer Geratri Festival 2023. Sumber: Merry, 10 Maret 2023 Gambar 2. Seluruh peserta pertunjukan Geratri Festival 2023.", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 111, "top": 342, "width": 392, "height": 187, "page_number": 19, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber: Clarita Aurelia, 7 Mei 2023 Gambar 3. Rapat perdana anggota Beatus Finis Creative. Sumber: Witri, 10 Februari 2023 Gambar 4. Anggota Beatus Finis Creative. Sumber: Merry, 10 Februari 2023", "type": "Table" } ]

e865de97-b921-d8e1-4231-ad10f0b5771a

https://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/JSKE/article/download/433/354

[ { "left": 135, "top": 59, "width": 206, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal of Social Knowledge Education (JSKE)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 135, "top": 71, "width": 197, "height": 20, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vol. 4, No.2, May 2023, pp. 60~64 ISSN: 2722-046X, DOI: 10.37251/jske.v4i2.433", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 80, "width": 45, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": " 60", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 776, "width": 236, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Journal homepage: http://cahaya-ic.com/index.php/JSKE", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 84, "top": 106, "width": 432, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Economic Conditions and Parental Motivation on Student Achievement", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 221, "top": 159, "width": 155, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Suwahno 1 Wulan Dewi Kurniawati 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 181, "top": 171, "width": 237, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 SDN Banyubiru, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 118, "top": 181, "width": 361, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (Stain) Salatiga, Semarang, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 233, "width": 52, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article Info", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 231, "top": 233, "width": 54, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 251, "width": 95, "height": 39, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Article history: Received Apr 27, 2023 Revised May 8 , 2023", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 292, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Accepted May 15, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 251, "width": 290, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Purpose of the study: This study was to determine whether there is a significant influence between economic conditions and parents' motivation on the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 288, "width": 290, "height": 50, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Methodology: Researchers used a quantitative approach with a correlation research design, the research subjects were 30 respondents. Data collection used a questionnaire instrument to obtain data on economic conditions and parents' motivation, learning achievement data was obtained through a document of first semester test report cards", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 346, "width": 290, "height": 80, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Main Findings: Based on the results of observations and discussion, it was found that: (1) The economic condition of the parents of grade IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 was classified as high 46.66% by 7 respondents. (2) The motivation of parents of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04 is low, 40%, with 6 respondents. (3) The learning achievement of class IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 is low at 53.33% for 8 respondents. There is a positive influence so that there is a correlation between economic conditions and parental motivation on student achievement in class IV SDN Banyubiru 04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 231, "top": 435, "width": 290, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Novelty/Originality of this study: the researcher recommends for further research in order to be able to conduct similar research with different and varied variables", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 322, "width": 86, "height": 49, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Motivation Student achievement Economy", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 312, "top": 478, "width": 214, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 77, "top": 537, "width": 99, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Corresponding Author:", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 77, "top": 549, "width": 398, "height": 44, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wulan Dewi Kurniawati Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri (Stain) Salatiga, Semarang, Indonesia Email: wulandewi [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 632, "width": 104, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 643, "width": 456, "height": 55, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Education is one of the most important human needs. Education does not only take place at school, but also in the family, education in the community. This shows that the educational process occurs to anyone, anytime and anywhere. Education has a very noble goal, namely to form a complete human being, to achieve maturity for students [1]-[3]. Education is defined as all human efforts to develop abilities, mental attitudes, minds that have positive value so that he can live in society and achieve prosperity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 701, "width": 456, "height": 66, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Many factors influence children to be able to enjoy educational needs. One of them is the economic condition of the parents, because this will affect the mindset of parents in sending their children to school. Parents' economic conditions tend to require parents to focus their attention on meeting economic needs rather than educational needs. Families with high economic conditions will not experience difficulties in meeting their children's school needs, in contrast to the economic conditions of families with high economic conditions [4]-[6]. Parents' economic conditions play a role in children's learning success, especially affecting their learning", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 59, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 774, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Economic Conditions and Parental Motivation on Student Achievement …(Suwahno)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 456, "height": 58, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "61 achievement. An adequate economy tends to provide parents with many choices to direct their children to be able to enjoy education rather than fulfilling their daily needs, so that children are more motivated and enthusiastic in their educational process. Of course, the higher the economic level of parents, the higher the child's motivation so that the maximum results will be achieved.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 119, "width": 456, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The first and foremost education is obtained by children, namely in the family. Children's attitudes towards school will be primarily influenced by the attitudes of their parents. Parents must pay attention to their children's schooling by paying attention to their experiences and appreciating their efforts. Every parent certainly wants their children to excel, especially in education but, to achieve these achievements, of course the child must be motivated to learn [7]. can help or give direction so that children are motivated to learn, whether it's repeating lessons that have been given at school or doing homework. Parents can provide motivation to children by giving gifts when children excel, prizes that can be given don't always have to be material [8 But, it can also be in the form of appreciation and attention. Often parents pay attention when children don't want to learn by getting angry and when learning without being asked, parents don't give any comments, so that children are enthusiastic about learning, parents' attention should be directed to good behaviors.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 456, "height": 159, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To be able to carry out an activity, first there must be encouragement to carry out the activity. In other words, to be able to do something there must be motivation [9]. Likewise the situation in the process of learning or education. Students must have the motivation to participate in ongoing learning or educational activities. If they have strong motivation, students will show their interest, activity, and participation in participating in learning or educational activities that are being carried out [10]. How important motivation is in the world of education. Extrinsic motivation or motivation that comes from outside needs to be given to trigger existing motivation, especially in the family environment, parents must be role models for their children [11]. Along with the development of the times, parents' economic conditions have a role in the continuity of the child's education, besides that, the motivation or support of parents for children is very necessary for the continuation of children's education. So this research is important to do in order to know how big the contribution of economic conditions and parents' motivation to student achievement. With motivation, a child will be motivated and focused in his learning, so that he will produce good achievements and be enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning process.This study was to determine whether there is a significant influence between economic conditions and parents' motivation on the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 418, "width": 127, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 430, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Researchers used a quantitative approach with a correlation research design, research subjects as many as 30 respondents [12]-[14]. Data collection used a questionnaire instrument to obtain data on economic conditions and parents' motivation, learning achievement data obtained through documents of first semester test report cards. Research This was carried out at SDN Banyubiru 04 for class IV students. SDN Banyubiru 04 was established on August 1, 1964 with SK No. SD/Kep/PDK 6/6/3 issued by PDK Central Java, which at that time did not have its own building, so teaching and learning activities in residents' homes. Teaching and learning locations are divided into three locations, namely North Cerbonan, Central Cerbonan and Tegalwuni.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 510, "width": 456, "height": 44, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "SDN Banyubiru 04 has six classrooms, the principal's room, teacher's room, library, UKS, and prayer room. SDN Banyubiru 04 is located on Jalan Cempaka Raya No. 01 Cerbonan Banyubiru, Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency. SDN Banyubiru 04 is adjacent to the west of the residents' houses, to the north of the village road, to the south of the village road, to the east of the residents' houses. .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 556, "width": 456, "height": 78, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The research subjects in this classroom action research were fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04 in the 2013/2014 academic year. The number of respondents consisted of 15 students consisting of 7 male students and 8 female students. In knowing data about economic conditions and motivation of students' parents , the author uses data from a questionnaire given to students which consists of 15 questions about the economic condition of parents and 15 questions about parents' motivation. From these data the results of the questionnaire obtained from the economic condition of the parents of class IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 can be classified into three categories, namely: high, medium and low.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 660, "width": 157, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 672, "width": 456, "height": 31, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "In research to determine whether there is influence of economic conditions and parental motivation on student achievement, the data obtained will be analyzed statistically and quantitatively. To make it clearer, the author conveys in the form of a frequency distribution table about the economic conditions of parents:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 59, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 776, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed,Vol. 4, No. 2, May 2023: 60 - 64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 12, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "62", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 73, "width": 451, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Frequency Distribution of Percentage of Economic Conditions of Parents of Grade IV Students at SDN", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 160, "top": 85, "width": 280, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Banyubiru 04 Academic Year 2013/2014 No Category Interval Frequency Percentage 1 High 33-37 7 46,66% 2 Medium 28-32 6 40% 3 Low 23-27 2 13,33% Total 15 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 172, "width": 449, "height": 43, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the calculation of these percentages it can be concluded that the economic conditions of the parents are high at 46.66%, moderate at 40% and low at 13.33%. So that in this way, the economic condition of the parents of students at SDN Banyubiru 04 on student achievement is classified in the high category, which is equal to 46.66%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 217, "width": 435, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To make it clearer, the author conveys it in the form of a frequency distribution table about parents' motivation.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 252, "width": 453, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. Frequency Distribution of Percentage of Motivation of Parents of Grade IV Students at SDN Banyubiru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 119, "top": 264, "width": 341, "height": 72, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "04 Academic Year 2013/2014 No Category Interval Frequency Percentage 1 High 33-35 4 26,66% 2 Medium 30-32 5 33,33% 3 Low 27-29 6 40% Jumlah 15 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 350, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the calculation of these percentages it can be concluded that high parental motivation is 26.66%, moderate is 33.33% and low is 40%. So thus, students' perceptions about the motivation of parents of Banyubiru 04 Elementary School students belong to the low category, which is equal to 40%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 385, "width": 455, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To make it clearer, the writer conveys it in the form of a frequency distribution table about student achievement", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 453, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. Frequency Distribution of Percentage of Motivation of Parents of Grade IV Students at SDN Banyubiru", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 177, "top": 431, "width": 244, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "04 Academic Year 2013/2014 No Kategori Interval Frekuensi Presentase 1 Tinggi 75-81 4 26,66% 2 Sedang 68-74 3 20% 3 Rendah 61-67 8 53,33% Jumlah 15 100%", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 513, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "From the calculation of these percentages it can be concluded that high student achievement is 26.66%, moderate is 20% and low is 53.33%. So that in this way, the learning achievement of class IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04 belongs to the low category, namely 53.33%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 547, "width": 456, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hypothesis testing analysis is used to analyze whether the hypothesis proposed in this thesis is accepted or not, the effect of economic conditions and parental motivation on student achievement in class IV SDN Banyubiru 04. So it is proven by finding the value of the multiple correlation coefficient between the variable economic conditions (X1) and people's motivation parents (X2) on student achievement (Y), which in statistics is better known as a multiple correlation test. Furthermore, to find out the significance between X1 and X2 to Y is determined by the tcount formula then compared with ttable [18].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 616, "width": 455, "height": 21, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To find out the correlation between economic conditions and parents' motivation, it can be seen in the following table:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 651, "width": 165, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Statistical Summary X1 and X2", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 227, "top": 663, "width": 143, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistics Symbol Statistical Value N 15 X 1 471 X 2 465 X 1 2 15023 X 2 2 14515 X 1 X 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 323, "top": 732, "width": 27, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "14705", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 77, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 252, "top": 59, "width": 72, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 482, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 131, "top": 774, "width": 397, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The Effect of Economic Conditions and Parental Motivation on Student Achievement …(Suwahno)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 456, "height": 46, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "63 So rcount = 0.680, then compared with the rtable price at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641), while for rcount it is 0.680. Provisions if rcount is smaller than rtable, then Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected. But on the contrary, if rcount is greater than rtable (rh>rt ), then Ha is accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 108, "width": 455, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To determine the effect of parents' economic conditions on student achievement, it can be seen in the following table:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 219, "top": 142, "width": 160, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 5. Statistical Summary X1 and Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 224, "top": 156, "width": 149, "height": 94, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Statistics Symbol Statistical Value N 15 X 1 471 Y 1032 2X 1 15023 Y 2 71592 X 1 Y 32690", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 264, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "So rcount = 0.767, then compared with the rtable price at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641), while for rcount is 0.767. Provisions if rcount is smaller than rtable, then Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected. But on the contrary, if rcount is greater than rtable (rh>rt ), then Ha is accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 299, "width": 456, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "To determine the effect of parental motivation on student achievement, it can be seen in the following table:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 215, "top": 333, "width": 168, "height": 99, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 6. Summary of Statistics X2 and Y Statistics Symbol Statistical Value N 15 X 2 465 Y 1032 X 2 2 14515 Y 2 71592 X 2 Y 32159", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 448, "width": 456, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "So rcount = 0.687, then compared with the rtable price at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641), while for rcount it is 0.687. Provisions if rcount is smaller than rtable, then Ho is accepted, and Ha is rejected. But on the contrary, if rcount is greater than rtable (rh>rt ), then Ha is accepted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 482, "width": 456, "height": 101, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "After the data has been successfully tested using the product moment and multiple correlation, our first step is to find the df (degrees of freedom) with the formula df = N – nr. Respondents (N) who were examined were 15 students. The variables whose influence is sought are the variables X and Y, so nr = 2. So that df = 15 – 2 = 13. Once the df is known, then look at the “r” product moment table, then “r” product moment is obtained at the error level of 5% (0.514) and 1% (0.641). The intermediate effect is at the 5% level (0.767 > 0.514), so it can be concluded that the economic conditions of parents affect the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04, Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency. Furthermore, the intermediate effect (0.687) is a positive and significant influence at the 5% level (0.687> 0.514), it can be concluded that parental motivation can influence student achievement in class IV SDN Banyubiru 04 Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 586, "width": 456, "height": 124, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "The intermediate effect is obtained by the result of 0.680 at the 5% level (0.680> 0.514). Likewise, the effect obtained by the result of 0.798 is a positive and significant effect at the 5% level (0.798> 0.514). So it can be concluded that economic conditions and parents' motivation can affect achievement learning grade IV students at SDN Banyubiru 04, Banyubiru District, Semarang Regency [19]. Furthermore, the tcount is 4.769 while the ttable obtained is 1.753. This indicates that the multiple correlation between economic conditions (X1) and parental motivation (X2) on learning achievement students (Y) there is a significant correlation. So the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted because tcount is greater than ttable (4.769> 1.753) [20]. Thus it can be concluded that the high and low economic conditions and motivation of parents greatly affect the learning achievement of fourth grade students at SDN Banyubiru 04, Banyubiru District, Regency.The implication of this research is that it can provide knowledge and become material for consideration for educators and parents in taking action to support their children or students to achieve.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 735, "width": 91, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 747, "width": 456, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the results of research in chapters III and IV, it can be concluded as an answer to find out the purpose of previous research, namely: to determine the positive influence between economic conditions (X1) and", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 105, "top": 57, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 437, "top": 59, "width": 90, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN:2722-046X", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 776, "width": 214, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jo. Soc. Know. Ed,Vol. 4, No. 2, May 2023: 60 - 64", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 59, "width": 456, "height": 69, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "64 parental motivation (X2) on student achievement (Y) at SDN Banyubiru 04 Banyubiru Sub-District, Semarang Regency, after calculations showed that the condition of the students' parents had categories from high to low categories as well as the results of student motivation and achievement which were very influential from high to low categories. Future research is expected to be able to carry out a more varied and in-depth study of this research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 142, "width": 70, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 303, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] Hamzah, “ Teori Motivasi dan Pengukurannya, \" Jakarta: Bumi Aksara, 2007.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 162, "width": 308, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] Dimyati, Mudjiono, “ Belajar dan Pembelajaran ,” Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2002.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 174, "width": 455, "height": 29, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[3] Ernawati, M. D. W., Asrial, A., Perdana, R., Septi, S. E., Rohana, S., & Nawahdani, A. 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A., & Syari, E, “Analisis Model Discovery Learning Terhadap Karakter Disiplin dan Keterampilan Proses Sains Siswa Pelajaran Fisika,” Departemen Pendidikan Matematika Dan Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Wiralodra , vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 378–384, 2021.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 462, "width": 289, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[19] Depdiknas, “ Kamus Bahasa Indonesia ,” Jakarta: PN Balai Pustaka, 2002.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 475, "width": 344, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "[20] Hamalik, Oemar, “ Psikologi Belajar Mengajar,” Bandung: Sinar Baru Algesindo, 1990.", "type": "List item" } ]

c74943c2-70a9-667f-3d2b-f45e3fda8230

https://bussman.gapenas-publisher.org/index.php/home/article/download/55/63

[ { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "275", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 114, "width": 448, "height": 31, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN PADA CV. X SELAMA PANDEMI COVID- 19 MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN SERVICE QUALITY DAN METODE KANO", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 144, "top": 161, "width": 310, "height": 35, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abdurrahman Shiddiq Thaha 1 , Djoko Pitoyo 2 , Inayati Nasrudin 3 , Nurwathi 4 1,2,3,4 Fakultas Teknik, Teknik Industri, Universitas Sangga Buana Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 213, "width": 35, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 227, "width": 454, "height": 212, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Selama masa pandemi COVID-19, terdapat banyak industri yang terdampak dan harus beradaptasi dengan situasi yang baru. CV. X merupakan salah satu penyedia jasa pendidikan nonformal yang bergerak di bidang bahasa khususnya Bahasa Inggris yang berlokasi di Bandung. CV. X harus mampu memuaskan para pelanggannya dengan memberikan kualitas pelayanan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan di CV. X dan melakukan tindakan peningkatan pelayanan menggunakan instrumen SERVQUAL dan metode Kano. Untuk mengetahui kepuasan pelanggan digunakan instrumen SERVQUAL dengan menghitung gap antara harapan pelanggan dan kinerja perusahaan. Metode Kano digunakan untuk mengategorikan atribut mana saja yang perlu ditingkatkan, dipertahankan dan diperhatikan untuk dapat memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan menyebutkan bahwa dari kelima dimensi kualitas jasa, semuanya belum sepenuhnya memenuhi harapan pelanggan CV. X karena terdapat 17 dari 18 atribut pelanyanan yang masih mempunyai nilai gap negatif yang dengan kata lain belum dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan SERVQUAL dan metode Kano direkomendasikan 2 atribut untuk ditingkatkan, 5 atribut untuk dipertahankan dan 7 atribut untuk diperhatikan. Sedangkan setelah dilakukan tindakan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan, terdapat peningkatan kualitas pelayanan untuk 12 atribut dan penurunan kualitas pelayanan untuk 6 atribut", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 441, "width": 417, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Kualitas Pelayanan, SERVQUAL, Metode Kano, Peningkatan Pelayanan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 279, "top": 468, "width": 39, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 482, "width": 454, "height": 185, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In COVID-19 pandemic, there are a lot of industries that are affected and required to adapt with the new situation. CV. X is one of the education service providers that focus on language, English language in particular, that is located in Bandung. CV. X needs to satisfy its costumers by giving a good service quality. This research intends to figure out the service quality in CV. X and conducting a service improving action using SERVQUAL instrument and Kano method. To perceive the customer satisfaction, SERVQUAL instrument is used by calculating the gap between costumer expectation and company performance. Kano method is used to categorize which attributes that are required to be improved, sustained and put attention. The result of this research implies that from 5 dimensions of service quality, all of them have not fully met the satisfaction of CV. X customers because there are 17 out of 18 attributes that have negative value which means they have not satisfied customer’s expectation. Based on SERVQUAL calculation and Kano method, it is recommended for 2 attributes to be improved, 5 attributes to be sustained and 7 attributes to be put attention. Whereas. After conducting the service improving action, there is an improvement on service quality for 12 attributes and deterioration on service quality for 6 attributes.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 371, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords : COVID-19, Service Quality, SERVQUAL, Kano Method, Improving Service", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "276", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 81, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "PENDAHULUAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 135, "width": 454, "height": 166, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persaingan dan tantangan adalah hal yang tidak dapat dihindari dalam dunia bisnis dan hal tersebut berlaku untuk setiap zaman, hal tersebut memaksa pelaku bisnis untuk terus berinovasi dan melakukan perbaikan secara berkesinambungan guna bertahan dan memenangkan persaingan yang ada. Di sisi lain, terdapat sebuah tren pada sektor jasa yang mengalami pertumbuhan yang befluktuasi dalam beberapa tahun terakhir khususnya pada saat pandemi COVID-19, terdapat jenis-jenis produk jasa baru dan inovatif yang ditawarkan dengan keunggulan dan kekurangannya masing-masing sehingga menciptakan tantangan maupun kesempatan dalam dunia industri jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 311, "width": 454, "height": 232, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dengan terdampaknya Indonesia oleh pandemi COVID-19, dalam satu tahun terakhir, menurut laporan dari Kementerian PPN/Bappenas yang dimuat dalam Laporan Perkembangan Ekonomi Indonesia dan Dunia, pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia selalu berada di angka negatif, mulai dari triwulan II/2020 sampai triwulan I/2021. Industri jasa merupakan industri yang mendapatkan dampak negatif yang paling signifikan, banyak perusahaan penyedia jasa mulai mengalihkan produk jasa yang mereka tawarkan ke produk jasa yang bersifat digital guna memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggannya dan tetap bisa eksis. Salah satu sektor jasa yang mengalami perubahaan yang sangat signifikan adalah sektor penyedia jasa pendidikan. Perusahaan penyedia jasa pendidikan yang biasanya menawarkan jasanya secara tatap muka mulai beralih menggunakan teknologi video conferencing dan online chat dalam produk jasa yang mereka tawarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CV. X merupakan salah satu penyedia jasa pendidikan nonformal yang bergerak di bidang bahasa khususnya Bahasa Inggris. CV. X adalah sebuah klub Bahasa Inggris yang berlokasi di Bandung. Berangkat dari kebutuhan akan komunitas diskusi yang menggunakan Bahasa Inggris, CV. X menyediakan berbagai macam pelatihan Bahasa Inggris baik secara personal, grup maupun kerjasama korporasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CV. X mengalami kesulitan dengan perubahan kondisi yang sangat drastis yang disebabkan oleh pandemi COVID-19 yang melanda Indonesia, perubahan tersebut menyebabkan penurunan jumlah pelanggan yang cukup signifikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui kondisi kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh CV. X dan atribut pelayanan mana saja yang harus ditingkatkan, dipertahan dan diperhatikan yang setelahnya akan dilakukan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "277", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "tindakan peningkatan kualitas pelayanan pada CV. X sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan yang menggunakan jasa yang ditawarkan oleh CV. X sehingga pelanggan akan merasa puas dan tetap menggunakan jasa yang ditawarkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 454, "height": 144, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan dapat diartikan sebagai evaluasi pelanggan terhadap pelayanan tertentu secara komprehensif dan seberapa jauh pelayanan tersebut dapat memenuhi harapan mereka dan memberikan kepuasan (Pakurár et al., 2019). Terdapat beberapa faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas pelayanan yaitu pelayanan yang diharapkan dan pelayanan yang dirasakan. Dalam menentukan baik tidaknya kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh perusahaan terdapat 5 (lima) dimensi Service Quality (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988), yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 333, "width": 129, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Tangibles (Bukti Fisik)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 355, "width": 400, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini meliputi fasilitas fisik dan peralatan yang dimiliki oleh perusahaan dan juga penampilan karyawan dari perusahaan itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 399, "width": 139, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Reliability (Kehandalan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 421, "width": 411, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini berhubungan kesediaan perusahaan untuk memberikan pelayanan yang sesuai dengan apa yang dijanjikan secara akurat dan dapat diandalkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 465, "width": 172, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Responsiveness (Ketanggapan)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 487, "width": 410, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini mencakup kemauan untuk memberikan bantuan kepada konsumen dan menyediakan pelayanan yang tanggap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 531, "width": 195, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "d. Assurance (Jaminan dan Kepastian)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 553, "width": 401, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini melingkupi pengetahuan dan kesopanan yang dipunyai oleh karyawan dan bagaimana mereka dapat menciptakan kepercayaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 597, "width": 111, "height": 12, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e. Empathy (Empati)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 619, "width": 417, "height": 34, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dimensi ini meliputi kepedulian dan perhatian personal yang diberikan oleh perusahaan kepada konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 455, "height": 78, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Service Quality (SERVQUAL) adalah instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kualitas jasa dan didasari oleh gap analysis model (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988). Instrumen ini masih banyak dipakai dalam penelitian di bidang manajemen dan pemasaran (Al-Neyadi et al., 2018; Pekkaya et al., 2019; Shafiq et al., 2019).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "278", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam konteks model kualitas pelayanan ini, dijelaskan gap-gap yang dapat mewujudkan pelayanan yang baik. Ada beberapa bentuk model kualitas pelayanan, salah satunya adalah menurut Parasuraman yang mengemukakan bahwa pelayanan yang baik tidak bisa diwujudkan karena adanya lima gap (Parasuraman et al., 1985) yang dapat digambarkan pada gambar 1 , garis putus-putus horizontal membatasi aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh konsumen dan aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh pihak penyedia jasa.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 123, "top": 619, "width": 352, "height": 12, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Model Konseptual Service Quality (Parasuraman et al., 1985)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 641, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "SERVQUAL adalah instrumen dengan realibilitas dan validitas yang baik dan bisa digunakan untuk memahami harapan dan persepsi dari konsumen dan pada akhirnya akan dapat meningkatkan pelayanan. Instrumen ini telah didesain untuk bisa diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang jasa (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 729, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan yang telah diberikan perlu dilakukan perhitungan gap 5 atau gap antara jasa yang diharapkan oleh pelanggan dan jasa yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "279", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "diterima oleh pelanggan (Ramya et al., 2019) dan untuk mengetahui gap tersebut dapat digunakan rumus:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 206, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "𝐺𝐴𝑃 = 𝐾𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑗𝑎 (𝑃) − 𝐻𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑝𝑎𝑛 (𝐻)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 468, "top": 157, "width": 16, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(1)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 179, "width": 454, "height": 166, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode Kano merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi kepuasan konsumen, dimana model ini bertujuan untuk mengategorikan atribut-atribut dari produk ataupun jasa-jasa berdasarkan seberapa baik produk atau jasa tersebut mampu memuaskan kebutuhan pelanggan (Kano et al., 1984). Sejak diperkenalkan pada tahun 1984, metode ini telah banyak digunakan untuk membantu meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan dari sebuah perusahaan berdasarkan dari kebutuhan dan harapan pelanggan (Budiarani et al., 2021). Metode Kano membedakan tiga tipe produk yang diinginkan yang dapat mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen, yaitu (Rotar & Kozar, 2017) :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 355, "width": 220, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Must-Be Requirements atau Basic Needs,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 108, "top": 377, "width": 359, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen secara ekstrim akan tidak puas jika kategori ini tidak dipenuhi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 399, "width": 294, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. One-Dimensional Requirements atau Performance Needs", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 421, "width": 389, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk kebutuhan ini, kepuasan konsumen proporsional atau sebanding dengan kinerja atribut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 465, "width": 255, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Attractive Requirements atau Excitements Needs", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 108, "top": 487, "width": 418, "height": 34, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kategori ini merupakan kriteria produk yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar pada kepuasan konsumen jika diberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 531, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat 3 kategori lain yang digunakan dalam model Kano (Dace et al., 2020), 3 kategori tersebut adalah Indifferent , Questionable dan Reverse . Indifferent adalah kategori yang tidak akan mempengaruhi kepuasan konsumen. Reverse adalah kategori yang jika atributnya tidak dilaksakan dengan baik maka akan meningkatkan kepuasan konsumen. Questionable adalah kategori yang mungkin memberikan kepuasan atau ketidakpuasan kepada konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 663, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan seberapa baik sebuah atribut dapat memuaskan pelanggan dapat dilakukan survei menggunakan kuesioner Kano (Kano et al., 1984). Kuesioner Kano dikonstruksikan dari 2 jenis pertanyaan. Jenis yang pertama adalah bagaimana perasaan pelanggan jika atribut itu ada ( functional ) dan jenis yang kedua adalah bagaimana perasaan pelanggan jika atribut itu tidak ada ( dysfunctional ) (Berger et al., 1993). Untuk setiap", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "280", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pertanyaan, responden memilih 1 dari 5 alternatif jawaban. Kelima alternatif jawaban adalah “Suka”, “Harap”, “Netral”, “Toleransi” dan “Tidak Suka” , lalu setelah mendapatkan jawaban dari responden maka jawaban tersebut dievaluasi dengan menggunakan tabel evaluasi metode Kano.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 80, "top": 552, "width": 438, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2. Gambaran Penentuan Kategori Kano Menggunakan Kuesioner Kano (Berger et al., 1993)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 596, "width": 451, "height": 34, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan kategori Kano untuk setiap atribut dapat digunakan Blauth’s Formula (Berger et al., 1993):", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 640, "width": 437, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Jika ( One-Dimensional + Attractive + Must-Be ) > ( Indifferent + Reverse + Questionable ), maka grade diperoleh dari ujung yang paling maksimum dari ( One- Dimensional, Attractive, Must-Be ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 90, "top": 706, "width": 437, "height": 56, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Jika ( One-Dimensional + Attractive + Must-Be ) < ( Indifferent + Reverse + Questionable ), maka grade diperoleh dari ujung yang paling maksimum dari ( Indifferent, Reverse, Questionable ).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 158, "top": 375, "width": 53, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kebutuhan Konsumen", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 270, "top": 365, "width": 34, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dysfunctional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 152, "top": 221, "width": 274, "height": 306, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 2 3 4 5 Suka Harap Netral Toleransi Tidak Suka Functional 1.Suka Q A A A O 2.Harap R I I I M 3.Netral R I I I M 4.Toleransi R I I I M 5.Tidak Suka R R R R Q Suka Harap Netral Toleransi Tidak Suka Suka Harap Netral Toleransi Tidak Suka 1 Fungsional Disfungsional No Kondisi website selalu baik Kondisi website tidak baik Q R I A O M 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Total Atribut Kategori Kano", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "281", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 90, "top": 113, "width": 437, "height": 56, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "c. Jika ( One-Dimensional + Attractive + Must-Be ) = ( Indifferent + Reverse + Questionable ) maka grade diperoleh yang paling maksimum diantara semua kategori kano yaitu ( One- Dimensional, Attractive, Must-Be, Indifferent, Reverse, Questionable ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 108, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "METODE PENELITIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 454, "height": 100, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah: Studi Pendahuluan (Studi Lapangan dan Studi Pustaka), Identifikasi dan Perumusan Masalah, Pembuatan Instrumen Penelitian (Kuesioner SERVQUAL dan Kano), Pengumpulan Data (Tahap 1: Sebelum Dilakukan Tindakan Perbaikan Pelayanan dan Tahap 2: Setelah Dilakukan Tindakan Perbaikan Pelayanan), adapun pengolahan data yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 203, "top": 750, "width": 190, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 3. Flowchart Pengolahan Data", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "282", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan data terdiri dari uji kecukupan data, uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, perhitungan SERVQUAL (Tahap 1 dan 2), pengolahan data dengan metode Kano, tindakan perbaikan pelayanan dan perbandingan hasil perhitungan SERVQUAL tahap 1 dan 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 201, "width": 132, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 223, "width": 454, "height": 188, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah 2 jenis kuesioner yaitu berupa kuesioner SERVQUAL yang terdiri dari pertanyaan harapan dan kinerja dan kuesioner Kano yang terdiri dari pertanyaan functional dan dysfunctional . Pertanyaan-pertanyaan dalam kuesioner disusun berdasarkan atribut kepuasan pelanggan dari dimensi Service Quality yang menyatakan bahwa baik tidaknya kualitas jasa yang diberikan dapat dikategorikan dalam 5 dimensi (Zeithaml & Berry, 1988) yaitu: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance dan Empathy . Penyusunan pertanyaan dalam kuesioner dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan informasi yang diperoleh dari hasil pengamatan, wawancara, studi pustaka. Adapun atribut- atribut kepuasan pelanggan yang akan digunakan adalah sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 208, "top": 421, "width": 182, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1. Atribut Kepuasan Pelanggan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 443, "width": 303, "height": 57, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "No Atribut Kepuasan Pelanggan Tangibles 1 Kondisi website", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 82, "top": 511, "width": 284, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 533, "width": 127, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3 Kondisi internet tutor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 556, "width": 128, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4 Penampilan tutor rapi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 578, "width": 159, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5 Terdapat sarana komunikasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 284, "top": 601, "width": 51, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Realibility", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 82, "top": 623, "width": 132, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6 Ketepatan waktu tutor", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 646, "width": 341, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap pelanggan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 668, "width": 342, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 82, "top": 691, "width": 296, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 270, "top": 713, "width": 78, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Responsiveness", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 736, "width": 410, "height": 12, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10 Pihak penyedia jasa tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan pelanggan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "283", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 79, "top": 114, "width": 343, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11 Tingkat kesabaran karyawan dalam menerima keluhan pelanggan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 283, "top": 136, "width": 52, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Assurance", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 159, "width": 403, "height": 79, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Karyawan/tutor dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai produk yang tersedia 13 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan 14 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas 15 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 284, "top": 249, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Empathy", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 271, "width": 298, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "16 Tutor bersedia untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 293, "width": 378, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "17 Karyawan bersunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan pelanggan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 317, "width": 361, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "18 Pihak penyedia jasa memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan pelanggan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 363, "width": 160, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.1 Uji Validitas dan Reliabilitas", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 385, "width": 455, "height": 122, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdasarkan hasil uji validitas yang telah dilakukan. Semua pertanyaan yang digunakan dalam kuesioner pengambilan data tahap 1 dikatakan valid karena semua r hitung ≥ r tabel , Sehingga tidak perlu dilakukan penghapusan atau pembuangan pertanyaan lalu berdasarkan uji reliabilitas yang dilakukan terhadap data tahap 1, didapatkan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha untuk semua kuesioner berada diatas 0.6 yang menunjukkan bahwa jawaban-jawaban dari pertanyaan yang diajukan sudah reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 517, "width": 305, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.2 Pengolahan Data Tahap 1 (SERVQUAL Dan Metode Kano)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 539, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner didapatkan gap antara harapan dan kinerja dan kategori Kano dari setiap atribut pelayanan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "284", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 74, "top": 113, "width": 446, "height": 614, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Nilai Gap Dan Kategori Kano Setiap Atribut Tahap 1 No Atribut Gap Kategori Kano 1 Kondisi website -0,2 Attractive 2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet) -0,175 Attractive 3 Kondisi internet tutor -0,5 One Dimensional 4 Penampilan tutor rapi -0,65 One Dimensional 5 Ketepatan waktu tutor -0,225 One Dimensional 6 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap pelanggan -0,6 Attractive 7 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan -0,6 Attractive 8 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran -0,4 Must Be 9 Pihak CV. X tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan pelanggan -0,175 Attractive 10 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,075 Must Be 11 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas -0,75 One Dimensional 12 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan -0,675 Attractive 13 Ketersediaan tutor untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas -0,425 Attractive 14 Karyawan sunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan pelanggan -0,35 Attractive 15 Pihak CV. X memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan pelanggan -0,45 One Dimensional", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "285", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 144, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai gap yang diperoleh dari selisih antara harapan pelanggan dan persepsi pelanggan terhadap kinerja perusahaan, nilai positif gap menunjukkan bahwa perusahaan telah memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan berdasarkan atribut pelayanan dan nilai negatif menunjukkan atribut mana yang belum memenuhi kepuasan pelanggan, berdasarkan perhitungan dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat 17 atribut yang memiliki nilai gap negatif dari 18 atribut yang digunakan sehingga dapat diartikan bahwa dari 18 atribut pelayanan hanya 1 atribut yang dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 267, "width": 455, "height": 210, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada metode Kano, kategori pertama yang harus ditingkatkan adalah kategori Must Be . kategori Must Be merupakan kategori dasar yang harus melekat dalam sebuah produk ataupun jasa. Kemudian kategori yang harus dipertahankan adalah kategori One Dimensional . Dalam kategori ini, keberadaan suatu layanan akan mempengaruhi tingkat kepuasan konsumen. Selanjutnya kategori yang perlu diperhatikan adalah kategori Attractive , karena kategori tersebut dapat menghasilkan layanan yang melampaui harapan konsumen. Berdasarkan pengolahan data dengan metode Kano, terdapat 2 atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan atau termasuk dalam kategori Must Be , 5 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori One Dimensional dan 8 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori Attractive .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 487, "width": 174, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.3 Tindakan Perbaikan Pelayanan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 509, "width": 454, "height": 144, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Untuk menentukan atribut mana yang menjadi prioritas dalam tindakan perbaikan pelayanan, digunakan nilai gap dan kategori Kano dari setiap atribut. Pertama setiap atribut yang mempunyai nilai negatif menjadi prioritas utama dan prioritas selanjutnya ditentukan oleh kategori Kano yang dimana atribut dengan kategori Must Be menjadi prioritas utama lalu dilanjutkan dengan One Dimensional dan terakhir Attractive. Berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut didapatkan 2 atribut yang menjadi prioritas utama dalam tindakan perbaikan pelayanan, yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 64, "top": 663, "width": 464, "height": 79, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2. Atribut yang Diprioritaskan Untuk Ditingkatkan No Dimensi Atribut Gap Kategori Kano 1 Reliabilit", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 151, "top": 730, "width": 277, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 451, "top": 730, "width": 73, "height": 12, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 0,4 Must Be", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "286", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 111, "top": 114, "width": 5, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "y", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 136, "width": 411, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2 Assuranc e Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,075", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 203, "width": 436, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pertimbangan tersebut maka dilakukan tindakan perbaikan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 86, "top": 225, "width": 440, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Penerapan sistem pembayaran yang lebih ramah konsumen dengan menyediakan cara-cara pembayaran yang baru dan mudah seperti Gopay, OVO, Virtual Account dll.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 86, "top": 268, "width": 440, "height": 56, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Pelaksanaan pelatihan tentang materi dan metode pengajaran kepada tenaga pengajar selama 4 pertemuan dalam kurun waktu 3 minggu. Materi dan pemateri akan ditentukan oleh pihak manajemen perusahaan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 334, "width": 212, "height": 12, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Pengolahan Data Tahap 2 (SERVQUAL)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 356, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengolahan data tahap 2 dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan data setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat perubahan kualitas pelayanan setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan. Berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan didapatkan gap antara harapan dan kinerja sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 92, "top": 444, "width": 413, "height": 304, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 3. Nilai Gap Setiap Atribut Tahap 2 No Atribut Gap 1 Kondisi website -0,4 2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet) -0,13 3 Kondisi internet tutor -0,53 4 Penampilan tutor rapi -0,6 5 Terdapat sarana komunikasi -0,67 6 Ketepatan waktu tutor -0,53 7 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap Pelanggan -0,53 8 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan -0,33 9 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran 0,07 10 Pihak CV. X tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan Pelanggan -0,13 11 Tingkat kesabaran karyawan dalam menerima keluhan Pelanggan 0,07", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "287", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 114, "width": 412, "height": 234, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12 Karyawan/tutor dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai produk yang tersedia 0,23 13 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,27 14 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas -0,63 15 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan -0,4 16 Ketersediaan tutor untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas -0,5 17 Karyawan sunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan Pelanggan -0,37 18 Pihak CV. X memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan Pelanggan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 477, "top": 336, "width": 28, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "-0,37", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 359, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "berdasarkan perhitungan dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat 3 atribut yang memiliki nilai gap positif dan 15 atribut yang memiliki nilai gap negatif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 403, "width": 219, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3.4 Perbandingan SERVQUAL Tahap 1 dan 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 425, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengolahan data tahap 1 dan 2 dapat dilihat terjadinya perubahan pada harapan pelanggan terhadap kualitas pelayanan yang seharusnya diberikan dan kualitas pelayanan yang dirasakan. Berikut adalah perbadingan SERVQUAL tahap 1 dan 2.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 30, "top": 491, "width": 513, "height": 259, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 4. Perbandingan SERVQUAL Tahap 1 dan 2 No Atribut GAP Perubahan Tahap 1 Tahap 2 1 Kondisi website -0,2 -0,4 -0,2 2 Terdapat fasilitas teleconference (Zoom, GoogleMeet) -0,175 -0,13 0,045 3 Kondisi internet tutor -0,5 -0,53 -0,03 4 Penampilan tutor rapi -0,65 -0,6 0,05 5 Terdapat sarana komunikasi -0,95 -0,67 0,28 6 Ketepatan waktu tutor -0,225 -0,53 -0,305 7 Tutor memberikan perhatian yang sama kepada setiap Pelanggan -0,6 -0,53 0,07 8 Kesesuaian materi yang diberikan dengan materi yang ditawarkan -0,6 -0,33 0,27 9 Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran -0,4 0,07 0,47", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "288", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 35, "top": 136, "width": 499, "height": 300, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1 0 Pihak CV. X tanggap dengan cepat ketika menerima keluhan Pelanggan -0,175 -0,13 0,045 1 1 Tingkat kesabaran karyawan dalam menerima keluhan Pelanggan -0,1 0,07 0,17 1 2 Karyawan/tutor dapat menjawab pertanyaan mengenai produk yang tersedia 0,075 0,23 0,155 1 3 Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan -0,075 -0,27 -0,195 1 4 Metode yang digunakan tutor untuk menyampaikan materi menarik dan jelas -0,75 -0,63 0,12 1 5 Tutor menunjukkan sikap yang sopan -0,675 -0,4 0,275 1 6 Ketersediaan tutor untuk menjawab pertanyaan diluar kelas -0,425 -0,5 -0,075", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 35, "top": 447, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 35, "top": 458, "width": 496, "height": 23, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7 Karyawan sunggung-sungguh mengutamakan kepentingan Pelanggan -0,35 -0,37 -0,02", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 35, "top": 491, "width": 6, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 35, "top": 502, "width": 494, "height": 23, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8 Pihak CV. X memberikan solusi mengenai keluhan Pelanggan -0,45 -0,37 0,08", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 536, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa terdapat 12 atribut yang mengalami peningkatan kualitas pelayanan sedangkan 6 atribut lain mengalami penurunan kualitas pelayanan. Adapun 2 atribut yang menjadi prioritas dalam tindakan perbaikan pelayanan mengalami kenaikan sebesar 0.47 untuk atribu t “ Kemudahan dalam proses pembayaran dan pendaftaran ” dan penurunan sebesar - 0,195 untuk atribut “ Tutor mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik tentang materi yang diberikan ”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 690, "width": 69, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KESIMPULAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 712, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengumpulan, pengolahan dan analisis data yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan oleh CV. X sebelum dilakukan tindakan perbaikan pelayanan belum sepenuhnya memenuhi harapan pelanggan karena", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "289", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 34, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terdapat 17 dari 18 atribut pelanyanan yang masih mempunyai nilai gap negatif yang dengan kata lain belum dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 157, "width": 454, "height": 78, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan pengolahan data dengan metode Kano, terdapat 2 atribut yang perlu ditingkatkan atau termasuk dalam kategori Must Be , 5 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori One Dimensional dan 8 atribut yang perlu diperhatikan atau termasuk dalam kategori Attractive .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 245, "width": 454, "height": 122, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan yang didasari dari hasil pengolahan data tahap 1 (SERVQUAL dan Metode Kano). Kualitas pelayanan yang diberikan CV. X masih belum sepenuhnya dapat memenuhi harapan pelanggan karena terdapat 15 atribut pelayanan yang mempunyai nilai gap negatif walaupun terdapat peningkatan kualitas pelayanan untuk 12 atribut dan penurunan kualitas pelayanan untuk 6 atribut setelah dilakukannya tindakan perbaikan pelayanan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 399, "width": 93, "height": 12, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 421, "width": 455, "height": 71, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al- Neyadi, H. S., Abdallah, S., & Malik, M. (2018). Measuring patient’s satisfaction of healthcare services in the UAE hospitals: Using SERVQUAL. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2016.1266804 Berger, C., Blauth, R., & Boger, D. (1993). Kano’s methods for understanding customer - defined quality. Center for Quality Management Journal , 2 (4).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 494, "width": 454, "height": 56, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Budiarani, V. H., Maulidan, R., Setianto, D. P., & Widayanti, I. (2021). THE KANO MODEL: HOW THE PANDEMIC INFLUENCES CUSTOMER SATISFACTION WITH DIGITAL WALLET SERVICES IN INDONESIA. Journal of Indonesian Economy and Business , 36 (1), 62 – 82. https://doi.org/10.22146/jieb.59879", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 553, "width": 455, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dace, E., Stibe, A., & Timma, L. (2020). A holistic approach to manage environmental quality by using the Kano model and social cognitive theory. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management , 27 (2). https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1828", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 454, "height": 70, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kano, N., Seraku, N., Takahashi, F., & Tsuji, S. (1984). Attractive quality and must-be quality, in: Quality (Hinshitsu). The Journal of the Japanes Society for Quality Control , 14 (2). Pakurár, M., Haddad, H., Nagy, J., Popp, J., & Oláh, J. (2019). The service quality dimensions that affect customer satisfaction in the Jordanian banking sector. Sustainability (Switzerland) , 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041113", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1985). A Conceptual Model of Service Quality and Its Implications for Future Research. Journal of Marketing , 49 (4). https://doi.org/10.1177/002224298504900403", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 714, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 15, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pekkaya, M., Pulat İmamoğlu, Ö., & Koca, H. (2019). Evaluation of healthcare service quality via Servqual scale: An application on a hospital. International Journal of Healthcare Management , 12 (4). https://doi.org/10.1080/20479700.2017.1389474", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 78, "top": 55, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bussman Journal : Indonesian Journal of Business and Management p-ISSN : 2797-9725 | e-ISSN : 2777-0559 Vol. 2 No. 2 Mei - Agustus 2022", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 785, "width": 94, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Doi : 10.53363/buss.v2i2.55", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 511, "top": 785, "width": 14, "height": 8, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "290", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 113, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ramya, N., Kowsalya, A., & Dharanipriya, K. (2019). Service Quality and Its Dimensions. EPRA International Journal of Reaserch & Development .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 142, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Rotar, L. J., & Kozar, M. (2017). The Use of the Kano Model to Enhance Customer Satisfaction. Organizacija , 50 (4), 339 – 351. https://doi.org/10.1515/orga-2017-0025", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 172, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Shafiq, A., Mostafiz, M. I., & Taniguchi, M. (2019). Using SERVQUAL to determine Generation Y’s satisfa ction towards hoteling industry in Malaysia. Journal of Tourism Futures , 5 (1). https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-01-2018-0004", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 216, "width": 455, "height": 26, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A multiple-Item Scale for measuring consumer perceptions of service quality .", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 96, "top": 245, "width": 271, "height": 12, "page_number": 16, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225083802", "type": "Text" } ]

8f61372c-43ad-e1a3-3008-e985fb03a0f4

https://jnte.ft.unand.ac.id/index.php/jnte/article/download/1117/507

[ { "left": 199, "top": 44, "width": 184, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 212, "top": 73, "width": 118, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Available online at : http://jnte.ft.unand.ac.id/", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 176, "top": 90, "width": 190, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 191, "top": 112, "width": 161, "height": 6, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "| ISSN (Print) 2302-2949 | ISSN (Online) 2407-7267 |", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 320, "top": 791, "width": 221, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. Some rights reserved", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 152, "width": 311, "height": 18, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep Learning Autoencoder Study on ECG Signals", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 179, "width": 404, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dandi Mochamad Reza 1,2 , Satria Mandala 1,2 Salim M. Zaki 3 Eileen Su Lee Ming 4", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 201, "width": 294, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Department of Informatics, School of Computing, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 212, "width": 262, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2 Human Centric (HUMIC) Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 222, "width": 472, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3 Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Directorate of Studies, Planning and Follow-up, Department of Follow-up, Iraq, Baghdad", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 233, "width": 298, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "4 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 274, "width": 94, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "A RTICLE I NFORMATION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 250, "top": 271, "width": 97, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 307, "width": 81, "height": 7, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received: June 23, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 296, "width": 488, "height": 166, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Revised: August 21, 2023 Accepted: August 22, 2023 Available online: December 27, 2023 Arrhythmia refers to an irregular heart rhythm resulting from disruptions in the heart's electrical activity. To identify arrhythmias, an electrocardiogram (ECG) is commonly employed, as it can record the heart's electrical signals. However, ECGs may encounter interference from sources like electromagnetic waves and electrode motion. Several researchers have investigated the denoising of electrocardiogram signals for arrhythmia detection using deep autoencoder models. Unfortunately, these studies have yielded suboptimal results, indicated by low Signal- to-Noise Ratio (SNR) values and relatively large Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). This study addresses these limitations by proposing the utilization of a Deep LSTM Autoencoder to effectively denoise ECG signals for arrhythmia detection. The model's denoising performance is evaluated based on achieved SNR and RMSE values. The results of the denoising evaluations using the Deep LSTM Autoencoder on the AFDB dataset show SNR and RMSE values of 56.16 and 0.00037, respectively. Meanwhile, for the MITDB dataset, the corresponding values are 65.22 and 0.00018. These findings demonstrate significant improvement compared to previous research. However, it's important to note a limitation in this study—the restricted availability of arrhythmia datasets from MITDB and AFDB. Future researchers are encouraged to explore and acquire a more extensive collection of arrhythmia data to further enhance denoising performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 365, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "K EYWORDS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 388, "width": 139, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Arrhythmia, Electrocardiogram, Deep", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 48, "top": 400, "width": 136, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Learning, Autoencoder, Deep LSTM Autoencoder", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 433, "width": 76, "height": 9, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "C ORRESPONDENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 48, "top": 455, "width": 147, "height": 21, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Phone: +62 (0751) 12345678 E-mail:[email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 508, "width": 87, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 534, "width": 236, "height": 163, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Cardiovascular disease, identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the leading global cause of death [1], has been a significant contributor to high mortality rates in China, as reported by Liu, et al. [2] in early 2022. A critical aspect of cardiovascular issues is arrhythmia, a condition marked by irregularities in the heart's rhythm, involving disturbances in the frequency, regulation, and origin of its electrical impulses [3]. Arrhythmias, including more severe forms like Atrial Fibrillation (AF), can significantly contribute to the progression of heart disease. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is identified as the most prevalent clinical arrhythmia, carrying substantial risks to patient health and markedly increasing morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs [4]. The main signal utilized for examining arrhythmias is the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 713, "width": 236, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The main method in medical practice for evaluating the electrical activity of the human heart is through the recording and analysis of the Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal [4, 5]. The identification of morphological changes in ECG signals serves as a crucial tool for doctors in detecting and predicting heart diseases, including arrhythmias. Arrhythmia, the most prevalent heart rhythm", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 496, "width": 236, "height": 115, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "disorder, is identifiable by observing deviations in the ECG signal. Even minor alterations in the ECG pattern possess the potential to instigate cardiac arrhythmias, leading to fluctuations in heart rate and disruptions in heart muscle conduction. Clinically, symptoms of arrhythmia manifest as chest pain, fatigue, and instances of patient loss of consciousness [6]. Cardiac arrhythmias encompass various types, with some posing life- threatening risks, while others are less severe but still necessitate comprehensive analysis to avert potential clinical complications [7].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 627, "width": 236, "height": 151, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "ECG signals are highly susceptible to noise, and the accuracy of arrhythmia analysis is compromised when noise is present [8, 9]. Numerous studies [9-12] have explored the use of deep autoencoder-based ECG signal denoising to enhance arrhythmia detection, but they face challenges, and the obtained results often fall short of optimal. This is evident through low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. SNR serves as a metric comparing the quality of the desired signal to the existing noise [11]. In the context of ECG signal denoising for arrhythmia detection, a high SNR indicates that the ECG signal reconstructed by the Deep Autoencoder exhibits high clarity and accuracy with minimal noise. This clarity is crucial for ensuring that the analyzed ECG signals for arrhythmia detection are easily", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 544, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 103, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "interpretable and provide precise diagnostic information. Conversely, a low RMSE signifies that the Deep Autoencoder model effectively removes noise and variability, resulting in a reconstructed signal that closely aligns with the original signal with minimal error [8]. The pursuit of optimal SNR and RMSE values involves experiments with various Deep Autoencoder configurations, including the exploration of the number of layers, the number of units in each layer, and different training methods in those studies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 178, "width": 238, "height": 258, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Numerous researchers, including Chiang, et al. [11], Singh and Sharma [9], have delved into autoencoder denoising applied to arrhythmia signals. Chiang, et al. [11] specifically explored the efficacy of a Fully Connected Network (FCN) in detecting arrhythmia signals, noting a remarkable improvement of 31.83% in SNRᵢₘₚ and a significant relative reduction in RMSE by 32.98% when compared to alternative models like DNN and CNN. Similarly, Singh and Sharma [9] developed a model surpassing prior efforts, achieving an average SNR improvement of 19.07 ± 1.67 and PRD of 11.0% at 0-dB SNR. Their models exhibited robust classification performance, validated through a five-fold cross-validation strategy. Deevi, et al. [12] achieved noteworthy results in their denoising research, obtaining SNR values of 22.4501%, 13.8266%, and 17.0403%, with the highest accuracy reaching 99.53%. Hou, et al. [8] applied a denoising autoencoder to an arrhythmia dataset, resulting in a substantial increase in SNR by 88.57%. Meanwhile, Shi, et al. [13] contributed to the field by conducting research on arrhythmia classification using a denoising autoencoder, achieving an average SNR of 17.48dB. These collective findings showcase advancements in autoencoder-based denoising techniques for improving the analysis and detection of arrhythmia signals.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 452, "width": 236, "height": 210, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "This study aims to overcome the limitations observed in previous research, specifically targeting suboptimal denoising performance characterized by low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) levels and large Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. To tackle this challenge more effectively, the research proposes a study that combines deep learning techniques with signal processing methods. The overarching goal is to enhance denoising performance, evident through increased SNR and decreased RMSE values. The research focuses on developing a layer-denoising autoencoder model for the denoising of ECG signals, utilizing the Deep LSTM Autoencoder. The performance of this model in detecting ECG signals will be rigorously compared with the work conducted by Marwan, et al. [14], with a specific emphasis on evaluating SNR and RMSE metrics. Through this comparative analysis, the study aims to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in achieving superior denoising results, thereby contributing to advancements in signal processing for ECG analysis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 690, "width": 90, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "METHODOLOGY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 716, "width": 236, "height": 67, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Marwan, et al. [14] employed single and double hidden layer autoencoder methods to denoise ECG signals. However, these methods exhibited limitations as the achieved SNR and RMSE results were not notably high. To tackle this issue, our research aims to enhance SNR and RMSE outcomes by integrating a deep- learning autoencoder algorithm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 59, "width": 42, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Materials", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 79, "width": 57, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Data Sources", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 97, "width": 236, "height": 92, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The ECG data utilized in this study originate from the MIT-BIH Atrial Fibrillation Database (AFDB), detailed in [6, 15, 16] and the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB) discussed in research [17-19] . The MITDB database serves as a reference for arrhythmias, while the AFDB database is specifically a reference for Atrial Fibrillation (AF). Notably, two datasets in AFDB, i.e, data 00735 and 03665, will be excluded from our research due to being empty datasets, as noted by [4, 20].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 199, "width": 139, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hyperparameter For Experiments", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 218, "width": 236, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hyperparameters are critical parameters influencing the outcomes of model training. These parameters encompass the number of epochs, batch size, and window size. Table 1, Hyperparameters, outlines the specific hyperparameters employed in training the model for this research, aligning with the explanations provided by Marwan, et al. [14]. Table 1 shows the hyperparameters used for training the models.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 313, "width": 205, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 1. Hyperparameters Used for Training the Models", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 325, "width": 159, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Parameter MITDB AFDB Epoch Batch Size 100 128 100 128 Window Size 1 1 Optimizer K-Fold EarlyStopping Adam 5 10 Adam 5 10", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 416, "width": 33, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Metrics", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 435, "width": 236, "height": 79, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The evaluation metrics applied to assess the proposed algorithm's performance in this research are consistent with those employed by Hou, et al. [8]. The evaluation metrics considers two main aspects: reconstruction quality and compression efficiency, gauged through various metrics. Key performance criteria are defined by SNR and RMSE [13]. Furthermore, equations (1) and (2) present the formulas for both SNR and RMSE:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 528, "width": 200, "height": 29, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑆𝑁𝑅 = 10 × 𝑙𝑔 ∑ (𝐷₀(𝑖) − 𝐷ₘ)² 𝑛 𝑖=1 ∑ (𝐷₀(𝑖) − 𝐷ᵣ(𝑖))² 𝑛 𝑖=1 (1)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 354, "top": 577, "width": 195, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑅𝑀𝑆𝐸 = √ ∑ (𝐷₀ ( 𝑖 ) − 𝐷ᵣ(𝑖))² 𝑛 𝑖=1 𝐿 (2)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 319, "top": 634, "width": 236, "height": 80, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "In this context, let the original signal be denoted as Do, the reconstructed signal as Dr, and the average value of the original signal as Dm, with the signal length represented by L. Root mean square (RMS) serves as a metric quantifying the disparity between the original signal and its reconstructed counterpart. Additionally, the SNR is employed to assess the relative magnitude of the true signal against the background noise [13].", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 724, "width": 178, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Deep Learning Autoencoder Process Flow", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 319, "top": 743, "width": 199, "height": 8, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The method used in this research is shown in Figure 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 164, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 361, "top": 791, "width": 150, "height": 7, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 178, "width": 236, "height": 127, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "As shown in Figure 1., the method begins with preprocessing. Preprocessing is a stage to denoise character images from noise, allowing them to be effectively used in the feature extraction phase as explained in [21]. Feature extraction is the stage of data analysis used to determine the characteristics of arrhythmia diseases. The data extraction method utilized in this study is morphology-based feature extraction as in Bahri, et al. [22]. Last but not least, the final stage of the method is denoising. Denoising is a technique used to reduce noise in ECG signals [23]. The parameter used in this research utilizes a Deep LSTM Autoencoder algorithm.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 321, "width": 143, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "RESULTS AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 346, "width": 236, "height": 32, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Here are the results of denoising analysis using deep LSTM autoencoder to achieve the best results considering SNR and RMSE values.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 389, "width": 154, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Atrial Fibrillation Database (AFDB)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 407, "width": 236, "height": 56, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The denoising performance results, assessed through both SNR and RMSE using the Deep LSTM Autoencoder for ECG signals from the AFDB database, are detailed in Table 2. These results encompass all records, excluding record numbers 00735 and 03665.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 88, "top": 479, "width": 145, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 2. AFDB SNR and RMSE values", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 48, "top": 491, "width": 167, "height": 68, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "K-Fold SNR RMSE 1 2 50.06 56.16 0.00073 0.00037 3 54.50 0.00044 4 5 54.66 54.24 0.00044 0.00045", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 43, "top": 576, "width": 236, "height": 174, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "As shown from Table 2, this study validated the denoised ECG signal through k-fold validation spanning folds 1 to 5. The SNR and RMSE values for each fold are presented in the table. In the first fold, the SNR value is 50.06, and the RMSE value is 0.00073, with the initial termination occurring at epoch 16. The second fold yields an SNR value of 56.15 and an RMSE value of 0.00037, with the initial termination occurring at epoch 15. The third fold results in an SNR value of 54.50 and an RMSE value of 0.00044, with an early stop at epoch 27. The fourth fold produces an SNR value of 54.66 and an RMSE value of 0.00044, with an early stop at epoch 16. Lastly, the fifth fold generates an SNR value of 54.24 and an RMSE value of 0.00045, with an early stop at epoch 34. From these outcomes, it is evident that the most favorable SNR and RMSE values were achieved in the second fold, with an SNR of 56.16 and an RMSE of 0.00037.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figures 2 to 7 provide a visual representation, featuring snapshots of the original ECG signals juxtaposed with the corresponding denoising outcomes for AFDB record signals numbered 00735 across fold 1 until fold 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 317, "top": 270, "width": 211, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 2. A Snapshot of Original ECG Signal from record number 00735", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 458, "width": 234, "height": 19, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 3. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 1", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 306, "top": 645, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 4. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 2", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 102, "top": 150, "width": 125, "height": 8, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 1. Deep Learning Methods", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 178, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 544, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 58, "top": 211, "width": 236, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 5. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 157, "top": 223, "width": 34, "height": 8, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "at Fold 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 58, "top": 398, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 6. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 4", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 58, "top": 586, "width": 236, "height": 19, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 7. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 00735 at Fold 5", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 57, "top": 628, "width": 179, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database (MITDB)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 647, "width": 236, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3 outlines the outcomes of ECG signal denoising on the MITDB database, covering all records through k-fold validation from folds 1 to 5. The table employs SNR and RMSE metrics to measure the performance of each fold in the k-fold validation process. In the first fold, the results reveal an SNR value of 62.23 and an RMSE value of 0.00027, with an early stop occurring at epoch 47. The third fold demonstrates an SNR value of 64.98 and an RMSE value of 0.00019, with an early stop at epoch 28. The fourth fold displays an SNR value of 62.03 and an RMSE value of 0.00027, with an initial stop at epoch 40. Finally, the fifth fold", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "yields an SNR value of 65.22 and an RMSE value of 0.00018, with an initial stop at epoch 36.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 319, "top": 95, "width": 236, "height": 31, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "From these findings, it is evident that the most favorable SNR and RMSE values were achieved in the fifth fold, with an SNR of 65.22 and an RMSE of 0.00018.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 324, "top": 142, "width": 188, "height": 81, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 3. MITDB SNR and RMSE values K-Fold SNR RMSE 1 2 62.23 61.30 0.00027 0.00030 3 64.98 0.00019 4 5 62.03 65.22 0.00027 0.00018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 319, "top": 239, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figures 8 to 13 depict the visualization of the MITDB signal from the 100th record, alongside the outcomes of the denoising process facilitated by the Deep LSTM Autoencoder across fold 1 until fold 5.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 331, "top": 450, "width": 211, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 8. A Snapshot of Original ECG Signal from record number 100", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 320, "top": 650, "width": 233, "height": 20, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 9. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 1", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 164, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 361, "top": 791, "width": 150, "height": 7, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 43, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "86", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 46, "top": 207, "width": 229, "height": 21, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 10. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 2", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 46, "top": 391, "width": 229, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 11. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 143, "top": 403, "width": 34, "height": 8, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "at Fold 3", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 46, "top": 571, "width": 229, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 12. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 4", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 46, "top": 758, "width": 229, "height": 20, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Figure 13. Result of Denoising Signal from record number 100 at Fold 5", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 305, "top": 59, "width": 47, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Discussion", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 78, "width": 236, "height": 80, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The discussion focuses on the denoising results obtained from two different datasets, namely AFDB and MITDB, using k-fold validation. In Figure 2 and Figure 8, the test signals to be denoised are presented, while Figures 3 to 7 and Figures 9 to 13 display the denoising outcomes for each fold, respectively. The corresponding SNR and RMSE values for each fold in the k-fold validation are summarized in Table 2 and Table 3.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 173, "width": 236, "height": 104, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "For the AFDB dataset, the denoising results revealed that the second fold achieved the best performance, with an SNR value of 56.15 and an RMSE value of 0.00037. This fold demonstrated higher signal clarity in relation to noise and a smaller difference between the denoised signal and the original signal. The early stopping occurred at epoch 15, indicating that the model achieved satisfactory convergence within a relatively short training period. These findings suggest that the second fold exhibited the most effective denoising capability for the AFDB dataset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 292, "width": 236, "height": 92, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Similarly, for the MITDB dataset, the fifth fold displayed the best denoising performance, with an SNR value of 65.22 and an RMSE value of 0.00018. This fold achieved the highest signal clarity and the closest resemblance to the original signal after denoising. The early stopping occurred at epoch 36, suggesting that the model reached a desirable level of convergence within a reasonable training time. Hence, the fifth fold demonstrated the most effective denoising performance for the MITDB dataset.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 400, "width": 236, "height": 67, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "The comparison of the results between the two datasets highlights the dataset-dependent nature of the denoising process. Different datasets may have unique characteristics, noise levels, and signal variations, which can impact the denoising outcomes. Therefore, it is crucial to evaluate and optimize the denoising approach based on the specific dataset under consideration.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 483, "width": 236, "height": 163, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Overall, the denoising results obtained using the deep LSTM autoencoder model showcased its effectiveness in reducing noise and improving the quality of the arrhythmia signals. The achieved SNR and RMSE values indicate the model's ability to successfully denoise the signals while preserving important features. These findings have significant implications for enhancing the accuracy of arrhythmia diagnosis and facilitating further signal analysis in clinical settings. However, additional research and validation on larger datasets and diverse arrhythmia types are recommended to confirm the generalizability and robustness of the proposed denoising approach. Table 4 presents a comparative analysis of denoising outcomes achieved through the Deep LSTM Autoencoder on both AFDB and MITDB datasets.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 305, "top": 656, "width": 84, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Best of Comparison", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 305, "top": 675, "width": 172, "height": 44, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Table 4. Best of SNR Comparison SNR RMSE AFDB MITDB 56.16 65.22 0.00037 0.00018", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 305, "top": 736, "width": 236, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the findings presented in Table 4, the LSTM autoencoder algorithm demonstrates superior denoising performance in the AFDB dataset, yielding an SNR of 56.16 and an RMSE of 0.00037. Conversely, for the MITDB dataset, the", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 178, "top": 30, "width": 253, "height": 6, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "D ANDI M OCHAMAD R EZA / J URNAL N ASIONAL T EKNIK E LEKTRO - V OL . 12 N O . 3 (N OVEMBER 2023)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 791, "width": 152, "height": 7, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.25077/jnte.v12n3.1117.2023", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 544, "top": 791, "width": 11, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "87", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 57, "top": 59, "width": 236, "height": 163, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "LSTM autoencoder algorithm achieves an SNR of 65.22 and an RMSE of 0.00018. In comparison, Marwan, et al. [14] reported relatively lower SNR and RMSE values in their experiments, with the best SNR of 16.01 and the best RMSE of 0.88. These variations in denoising results arise because Marwan, et al. [14] utilized the Single Hidden Layer Autoencoder and Multiple Hidden Layer Autoencoder algorithms, whereas this research employs the LSTM autoencoder algorithm. Furthermore, the approach in this research integrates Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for ECG signal denoising, whereas Marwan et al. rely on layer-based methods without incorporating AI to mitigate ECG signal interference. The distinct methodologies contribute to the observed differences in denoising measurement results between the two studies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 238, "width": 80, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONCLUSIONS", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 264, "width": 236, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Based on the denoising test results using the Deep LSTM Autoencoder algorithm, the evaluation on AFDB dataset results the best SNR and RMSE values at 56.16 and 0.00037, respectively. Meanwhile, for the MITDB dataset, the corresponding values are 65.22 and 0.00018. Notably, this research exhibits a significant advantage as the achieved SNR and RMSE values surpass those of comparable studies. Nevertheless, the limitations of this research stem from the constrained availability of arrhythmia datasets from MITDB and AFDB. We recommend future researchers to explore and acquire a more extensive collection of arrhythmia data to further enhance denoising performance.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 419, "width": 114, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "ACKNOWLEDGMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 444, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "This research was supported by the Department of Informatics, School of Computing, Telkom University, Indonesia and Human Centric (HUMIC) Engineering, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 57, "top": 504, "width": 200, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 530, "width": 236, "height": 55, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "One of the authors of this article, Satria Mandala, is a member of the editorial team of this journal. This relationship could potentially create a conflict of interest. However, several steps have been taken to ensure the review and publication process's integrity, transparency, and fairness.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 589, "width": 218, "height": 20, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. The author was not involved in any stage of the article's editorial decision-making process.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 613, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. The article was subjected to the same rigorous peer- review process as any other submissions, handled independently by another editorial board member.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 75, "top": 649, "width": 218, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Satria Mandala has no access to the review reports or any other privileged information regarding his manuscript's submission.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 697, "width": 73, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "REFERENCES", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 57, "top": 722, "width": 236, "height": 50, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "[1] N. Wenninger, C. Bernhart, W. Kappaun, A. Kollau, K. Kalcher, and A. Ortner, \"High-performance amperometric determination of nitric oxide released by endothelial cells using flow injection analysis,\" Talanta, vol. 253, p. 123810, 2023/02/01/ 2023.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 57, "top": 774, "width": 236, "height": 8, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "[2] R. 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Matsui, \"Clustering analysis of acoustic emission signals in the monitoring of stone monuments: case of the freeze‒thaw deterioration of tuffs,\" Heritage Science, vol. 11, no. 1, p. 119, 2023/06/07 2023..", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 43, "top": 342, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "NOMENCLATURE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 367, "width": 131, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Do meaning of original signal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 378, "width": 151, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dr, meaning of reconstructed signal", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 388, "width": 144, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "L c meaning of signal is denoted.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 412, "width": 129, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "AUTHOR(S) BIOGRAPHY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 438, "width": 93, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dandi Mochamad Reza", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 450, "width": 236, "height": 20, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Final year student at the Department of Informatics, School of Computing, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 486, "width": 63, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satria Mandala", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 498, "width": 236, "height": 103, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Satria Mandala is currently an Associate Professor in Human Centric (HUMIC) Engineering, School of Computing, Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia. His research interests cover various areas, including Network Security, Wireless Sensor Network and Biomedical Informatics using Machine Learning. He received his PhD in Computer Science at the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM). He also has authored numbers of papers in preferred academic journals and a reviewer of scientific journals and conferences..", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 617, "width": 58, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salim M. Zaki", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 629, "width": 236, "height": 31, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Directorate of Studies, Planning and Follow-up, Department of Follow-up, Iraq, Baghdad.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 43, "top": 676, "width": 78, "height": 8, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "Eileen Su Lee Ming", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 43, "top": 688, "width": 236, "height": 44, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 594, "page_height": 842, "text": "PhD degree in Bioengineering at Imperial College London, U.K. Currently a Senior Lecturer, University Technology Malaysia. The area of research concentrates on Medical Simulator, Virtual Reality, Robotic Rehabilitation and Motor Learning.", "type": "Text" } ]

daf4f0be-a0a0-7f17-718b-e57da2e0a8bd

https://www.jurnal-umbuton.ac.id/index.php/Agribisnis/article/download/3323/1827

[ { "left": 76, "top": 36, "width": 113, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 76, "top": 54, "width": 250, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ISSN: 2527-8479 (Print) & ISSN: 2686-2174 (Online) Volume-7 | Issue-1| May-2023 |", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 328, "top": 69, "width": 205, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "https://doi.org/10.35326/agribisnis.v7i1.3323", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 796, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 76, "top": 111, "width": 95, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Research Article", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 128, "width": 428, "height": 34, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan Limbah Sayuran Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Di Kelurahan Liabuku Kota Baubau", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 177, "width": 256, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Antasalam Ajo 1 , Ismail Failu 2 , Abdul Hadi Bone 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 191, "width": 394, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1 Program Studi Agribisnis Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Boton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 203, "width": 415, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2,3 Program Studi Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Perairan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Muhammadiyah Buton", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 150, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "*Korespondensi: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 649, "width": 93, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 665, "width": 471, "height": 91, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Bahan pakan alternatif merupakan kebutuhan saat ini di tengah pertambahan penduduk di bumi, peningkatan permintaan produk hewani, dan kelangkaan pangan konvensional. Apalagi kebutuhan pakan alternatif bukan hanya untuk manusia, tapi tapi juga hewan ternak untuk kebutuhan produksi. Melalui metode yang tepat dan memiliki nilai gizi, subtitusi pangan alternatif baik sebagian atau seluruhnya akan mendapatkan manfaat ekonomi dan lingkungan melalui pendekatan yang tepat serta memiliki nilai gizi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 471, "top": 257, "width": 74, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE HISTORY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 471, "top": 271, "width": 78, "height": 42, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Received: 17.05.2023 Accepted: 19.05.2023 Published: 31.05.2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 474, "top": 318, "width": 73, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ARTICLE LICENCE", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 474, "top": 333, "width": 85, "height": 96, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Copyright © 2023 The Author(s): This is an open- access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 258, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 271, "width": 381, "height": 130, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Vegetable waste, including mustard greens, cabbage, and kale, which are commonly discarded by communities, holds potential as an alternative feed for tilapia. This study aimed to examine the impact of vegetable waste on the growth of tilapia. The experiment utilized an experimental design with a completely randomized design (CRD), comprising four treatments and three replications, resulting in a total of twelve experimental units. Date analysis was conducted using the One-Way ANOVA method. The findings indicated that feeding combinations of mustard greens, cabbage, and kale did not significantly influence the absolute weight growth, survival rate, dan feed conversion of tilapia. Nevertheless, vegetable waste exhibits substantial potential as an effective source of artificial feed. Consequently, utilizing vegetable waste as an alternative feed can serve as a viable solution to address tilapia feed challenges, ensuring business sustainability, and generating additional income for farmers economically.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 414, "width": 323, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keywords: Vegetable Waste, Tilapia Growth, Community Income, One-Way ANOVA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 437, "width": 42, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 451, "width": 378, "height": 143, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Limbah Sayuran seperti sawi, kubis, dan kangkung yang sering dibuang oleh masyarakat memiliki potensi sebagai pakan alternatif bagi ikan nila. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh limbah sayuran terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Metode yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, sehingga total terdapat dua belas unit percobaan. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode One-Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan kombinasi sayuran seperti sawi, kubis, dan kangkung tidak memliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan konversi pakan ikan nila. namun, limbah sayuran memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber pakan buatan yang efektif. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai alternatif pakan dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi masalah pakan ikan nila, menjaga keberlanjutan usaha, dan memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi petani secara ekonomi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 79, "top": 609, "width": 376, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kata Kunci : Limbah Sayuran, Pertumbuhan Ikan Nila, Pendapatan Masyarakat, One-Way ANOVA", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Selain meningkatkan kualitas pakan budidaya ikan, variasi ikan juga harus diperluas. Bahan pakan buatan umumnya menggunakan tepung ikan dan bungkil kedelai sebagai bahan baku utama karena kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi. Namun, karena harganya yang tinggi, seringkali diperlukan pilihan bahan pakan alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah pakan. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dicoba adalah membuat pakan sendiri dengan komposisi yang tepat. Dalam hal ini, berbagai bahan baku yang tersedia di sekitar dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal. Bahan-bahan tersebut harus memiliki nilai gizi yang baik dan ekonomis sehingga dapat memenuhi kebuttuhan nutrisi ikan secara efektif. Dengan memanfaatkan sumber daya lokal yang melimpah, dapat mengembangkan pakan buatan yang berkelanjutan dan hemat biaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 249, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam budidaya ikan, perolehan pakan menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Pakan memainkan peran krusial dalam budidaya ikan intensif, dan diperkirakan sekitar 30% hingga 60% dari biaya produksi ikan merupakan faktor biaya variabel terbesar (Webster dab Liem, 2002). Penggunaan pakan buatan yang cukup dalam jumlah yang tepat dan dengan nutrisi yang baik sangat penting dalam budidaya ikan. Namun, bahan baku pakan yang paling penting masih diimpor untuk memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi tersebut. Bahan baku pakan ikan yang diimpor meliputi tepung ikan, tepung cumi, tepung krustasea, tepung tulang daging (MBM), tepung daging ayam (PMM), bungkil kedelai, tepung terigu, serta berbagai vitamin dan mineral. Menurut data dari Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan Budidaya, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan Republik Indonesia pada tahun 2009, kebutuhan akan pakan ini tidak dapat dihindari dalam budidaya ikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan pada bahan baku pakan impor masih tinggi di Indonesia. Untuk mencapai kemandirian pakan ikan, upaya perlu dilakukan untuk mengembangkan sumber daya lokal yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan. Dengan demikian, pengurangan ketergantungan terhadap impor bahan baku pakan ikan dapat tercapai, sehingga budidaya ikan dapat menjadi lebih berkelanjutan dan ekonomis.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 471, "height": 153, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Salah satu solusi alternatif yang dapat diupayakan adalah dengan menyusun pakan buatan sendiri menggunakan metode yang sederhana, dan memanfaatkan sumber bahan baku yang relatif murah. Bahan pakan alternatif ini dapat terdiri dari berbagai jenis limbah yang memiliki kandungan gizi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ikan, sehingga memberikan nilai tambah dalam produksi. Penggunaan bahan pakan alternatif ini direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan nilai produksi secara ekonomis. Dengan menyediakan pakan alternatif ini, tidak hanya mengurangi biaya produksi, tetapi juga memberikan manfaat ekonomi yang signifikan. Selain itu, penggunaan bahan pakan alternatif juga dapat membantu mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan baku impor, sehingga menciptakan keberlanjutan dalam budidaya ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 646, "width": 471, "height": 122, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun teknik penyusunan pakan buatan sendiri dan pengolahan limbah sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat dilakukan melalui metode pengeringan, fermentasi atau pengolahan lainnya yang sesuai dengan jenis limbah yang digunakan. Dalam proses ini, penting untuk memperhatikan kebersihan dan keamanan pakan yang disiapkan, serta memastikan bahwa kandungan nutrisi yang diperlukan oleh ikan terpenuhi. Dengan demikian, pemanfaatan bahan pakan alternatif ini dapat menjadi solusi yang efektif untuk mengurangi biaya produski, meningkatkan keberlanjutan, dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi dalam budidaya ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Limbah hasil pertanian memiliki potensi sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan karena masih memiliki nilai gizi yang cukup baik, terutama sebagai sumber karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak. Salah satu jenis limbah pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan adalah limbah sayuran. Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan tidak hanya memiliki nilai gizi penting, tetapi juga dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis yang signifikan. Khususnya dalam situasi pandemi COVID-19, dimana aktivitas masyarakat terbatas oleh pemabatasan kegiatan, pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomis yang lebih besar. Hal ini dapat membantu meningkatkan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat terdampak, serta memberikan solusi dalam pengelolaan limbah pertanian yang efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dengan mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan, tidak hanya dapat mengurangi dampak lingkungan yang ditimbulkan oleh limbah pertanian, tetapi jyga dapat meningkatkan kemandirian pakan ikan dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan pakan impor. Selain itu, pemanfaatan limbah sayuran ini juga dapat mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal melalui pengembangan usaha pengolahan limbah sayuran menjadi pakan ikan. Dengan keseluruhan, pemanfaatan limbah hasil pertanian, khususnya limbah sayuran, sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat memberikan manfaat ganda, yaitu memberikan nilai gizi bagi ikan, mengurangi dampak lingkungan, dan memberikan dampak ekonomis yang positif dalam masyarakat terdampak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 392, "width": 471, "height": 186, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menganalisis kebaruan penelitian dengan menggunakan aplikasi Vosviewer 1.6.16. untuk melakukan ekstraksi jurnal, digunakan Windows GUI Edition 8.1.3683.8011 pada database Scopus. Kata kunci yang dimasukan adalah “limbah sayuran” dan “bisnis makanan alternatif”, serta kata “jurnal” untuk memperoleh jurnal yang relevan. Hasilnya, ditemukan sebanyak 256 jurnal dalam rentang tahun 1974 hingga 2021. Rentang waktu yang dipilh ini bertujuan untuk memastikan kebaruan penelitian, yaitu apakah penelitian tentang penggunaan irisan sayuran seperti sawi, kubis, dan kangkung sebagai pakan alternatif untuk pertumbuhan ikan nila belum pernah dilakukan atau belum cukup banyak dilakukan sebelumnya. Selanjutnya metadata jurnal tersebut dilengkapi dengan abstrak dan kata kunci melalui penggunaan aplikasi manajemen referensi Mendeley versi 1.19.8. Selain itu, informasi tambahan diperoleh melalui Vosviewer, yang dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1 (informasi dari gambar disediakan)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 90, "top": 743, "width": 432, "height": 24, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 1 Hasil Analisis Vosviewer pada Penelitian Berbasis Meta data pada Data base Scopus.com", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 91, "width": 471, "height": 170, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil analisis VOSviewer menunjukkan 126 item, 15 klaster, 406 link, dan total kekuatan link sebanyak 469. Jumlah warna menunjukkan jumlah klaster. Berdasarkan Gambar 1, maka diperoleh informasi bahwa penelitian tentang hubungan antara kata kunci “limbah sayuran” dan kata kunci “bisnis makanan alternatif” khususnya pada database Scopus.com paling tidak belum banyak yang lakukan, ditunjukkan dengan tidak adanya atau masih kurangnya garis yang menghubungkan antara kata kunci “limbah sayuran” dan kata kunci “bisnis makanan alternatif” pada Gambar 1. Berarti penelitian tentang penggunaan limbah sayuran terhadap pertumbuhan ikan khususnya ikan nila masih terbuka untuk didalami lebih lanjut dan dilakukan pada masa-masa yang akan datang untuk menemukan formulasi yang terbaik sebagai pakan ikan, khususnya pakan ikan nilai sebagaimana pada penelitian ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 265, "width": 471, "height": 91, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Minat terhadap penelitian tentang penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan alternatif sangat tinggi karena pemanfaatan limbah yang biasanya dibuang dan mengotori lingkungan akan dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik dan menjadi sumber penghasilan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat. Selain itu juga akan menekan dampak negatif kerusakan lingkungan, dan pada akhirnya mengurangi gangguan kesehatan manusia karena polusi yang ditimbulkan oleh limbah sayuran ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 361, "width": 471, "height": 90, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran juga merupakan cara yang baik dalam memanfaatkan berbagai sumber daya yang tersedia. Apalagi volume limbah sayuran semakin meningkat searah dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk, maka upaya memanfaatkan limbah sayuran adalah langkah yang tepat. Inilah pentingnya penelitian ini sehingga limbah sayuran diteliti bagaimana efeknya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan khususnya ikan nila ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 456, "width": 471, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh sisa-sisa tanaman terhadap pertumbuhan ikan nila. Dalam penelitian ini, limbah sayuran digunakan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif untuk ikan nila. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini lebih fokus kepada mengevaluasi bagaimana penggunaan limbah sayuran tersebut dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ikan nila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 73, "top": 551, "width": 117, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "2. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 567, "width": 471, "height": 201, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam rentang waktu Maret 2022 hingga April 2023 di Kelurahan Liabuku, Kecamatan Bungi, Kota Bau-bau. Alat yang digunakan meliputi timbangan analitik untuk mengukur berat ikan dengan presisi, serta alat ukur kualitas air seperti termometer, DO meter (alat untuk mengukur kadar oksigen terlarut dalam air), dan pH meter. Bahan yang dibutuhkan adalah limbah sayuran, termasuk sayuran sawi, kubis, dan kangkung, yang akan digunakan sebagai pakan uji dalam penelitian. Limbah sayuran ini akan dijadikan pakan untuk ikan nila dalam percobaan. Hewan percobaan yang digunakan adalah ikan nila sebanyak 120 ekor, dengan masing-masing perlakuan menggunakan 10 ekor ikan nila yang memiliki ukuran anatara 7 hingga 9 cm dengan berat rata-rata sebesar 13,9 gram. Kemudian wadah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kolam tanah dengan ukuran 100 x 100 x 100 cm. Total terdapat 12 petak atau kolam tanah yang digunakan. Setiap kolam tanah ditempatkan di dalam kolam air tawar. Jumlah ikan yang ditebar dalam setiap kolam tanah adalah 10 ekor, dengan kepadatan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 59, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "tebar yang telah ditentukan. Pakan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sawi, kubis, dan kangkung, yang akan diberikan kepada ikan sesuai dengan perkembangan pertumbuhan ikan. Jumlah pakan yang diberikan adalah sebanyak 10% dari berat badan ikan dan akan disesuaikan dengan setiap perlakuan yang diberikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 475, "height": 154, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen atau uji lapangan dan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan taraf empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan, sehingga terdapat total dua belas unit percobaan. Setiap unit percobaan menggunakan wadah kolam tanah atau waring dan diujikan dengan 10 ekor ikan nila berberat rata-rata 13,9 gram. Ada empat perlakuan yang diuji yaitu pengontrol perlakuan (pakan komersial); perlakuan A: sawi 20% tambah kubis 70% tambah kangkung 10%; perlakuan B: sawi 50% tambah kubis 40% tambah kangkung 10%; perlakuan C: sawi 60% tambah kubis 30% tambah kangkung 10%. Setiap perlakuan memiliki komposisi gizi yang berbeda- beda dengan tujuan untuk menentukan formula yang terbaik dalam memberikan pakan ikan yang juga ekonomis. Lay out wadah penelitian juga terlihat pada Tabel 1.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 173, "top": 313, "width": 267, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "K1 A3 K2 B1 A2 B2 B3 C2 C3 K3 C1 A1", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 215, "top": 371, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tabel 1. Layout Wadah Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 387, "width": 471, "height": 146, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Adapun cara perlakuan yaitu siapkan pakan komersial dan limbah sayur kubis, sawi dan kangkung. Kemudian limbah sayur tersebut dibersihkan dengan air bersih, potong kecil sesuai ukuran mulut ikan. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan komersial berupa pakan organik seperti dedak yang bersal langsung dari olahan pabrik. Kombinasi perlakuan diberi label A, B, dan C. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan dalam rentang waktu satu hari mulai jam 9 pagi, jam 1 siang, dan jam 5 sore dengan jumlah pemberian pakan sebesar 10% dari bobot ikan per hari. Untuk mengukur pertumbuhan berat mutlak dihitung sesuai rumus menurut Effendie (1979) berikut: 𝐻 = 𝑊𝑡−𝑊0 𝐽𝑢𝑚𝑙𝑎ℎ ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑖", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 538, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 554, "width": 328, "height": 43, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "H : Pertumbuhan berat mutlak (gram) Wt : Rata-rata berat individu pada akhir percobaan (gram) W0 : Rata-rata berat individu pada awal percobaan (gram)", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 601, "width": 433, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Tingkat kelangsungan hidup dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus Effendie (1979) berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 629, "width": 55, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑇𝐾𝐻 = 𝑁𝑡", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 111, "top": 638, "width": 55, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝑁0 𝑥100%", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 662, "width": 69, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Keterangan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 678, "width": 325, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "TKH : Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan (%) Nt : Jumlah ikan yang hidup pada akhir percobaan (ekor)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 710, "width": 324, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "N0 : Jumlah ikan yang hidup pada awal percobaan (ekor)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 410, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konversi Pakan dapat dihitung menggunakan rumus Effendie (1979) berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 746, "width": 28, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐾𝑃 =", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 140, "top": 737, "width": 7, "height": 14, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "𝐹", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 103, "top": 754, "width": 82, "height": 15, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "(𝑊𝑡 + 𝐷) − 𝑊0", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 129, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "KP : Konversi Pakan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 91, "width": 201, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "F : Jumlah pakan yang diberikan", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 233, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Wt : Bobot badan pada akhir percobaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 123, "width": 234, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "W0 : Bobot badan pada awal percobaan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 138, "width": 198, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "D : Jumlah bobot ikan yang mati", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 154, "width": 471, "height": 59, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik ANOVA satu arah (One-Way Anova) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% untuk mengevaluasi apakah terdapat pengaruh nyata dari perlakuan pakan dengan penambahan limbah kubis, sawi, dan kangkung terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan rasio konversi pakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "3. Hasil dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 250, "width": 174, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Pertumbuhan Bobot Mutlak", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 265, "width": 471, "height": 138, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, ternyata pemberian pakan alternatif dari limbah sayuran, seperti limbah sawi, kubis, dan kangkung, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila. Hal ini berarti perlakuan pakan dengan penambahan limbah sayuran tersebut tidak memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila dibandingkan dengan pakan komersial artinya bahwa tidak memberikan efek yang cukup berarti sehingga kemungkinan ada terdapat faktor lain yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ikan nila seperti kondisi lingkungan, manajemen pakan, dan faktor genetik yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian lebih lanjut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 186, "top": 548, "width": 255, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 2. Grafik hasil pertumbuhan bobot ikan nila", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 71, "top": 578, "width": 471, "height": 169, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil grafik di atas menunjukkan nilai rata-rata yang diberikan perlakuan K : 28,43 %; Perlakuan A : 27,47 %; Perlakuan B : 28,06 %; Perlakuan C : 29,55 %. Rata-rata keseluruhan perlakuan sebesar 28,38 %. Dari nilai tersebut, terlihat bahwa perlakuan C memiliki nilai rata-rata tertinggi yaitu 29,55%. Hal ini berarti menunjukkan pemberian pakan dengan penambahan limbah sayuran, khususnya dengan kandungan sayur sawi ^0% memberikan hasil pertumbuhan mutlak ikan nila yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Penyebab peningkatan pertumbuhan mutlak pada perlakuan C dapat dikaitkan dengan kandungan gizi yang lebih tinggi dalam sayur sawi tersebut. Kandungan gizi yang lebih tinggi, seperti nutrisi dan zat-zat penting lainnya, dalam sayur sawi pada perlakuan C memberikan manfaat yang lebih besar bagi pertumbuhan ikan nila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Perubahan panjang atau berat dari waktu ke waktu disebut sebagai pertumbuhan. Laju pertumbuhan harian direpresentasikan sebagai persentase kenaikan berat badan setiap hari, sedangkan pertumbuhan berat absolut dinyatakan sebagai perubahan ukuran berat selama periode waktu tertentu. Perlakuan A (20% kubis + 70% kubis + 10% kangkung) memiliki laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 27,47 gram, perlakuan B (50% sawi + 40% kubis + 10% kangkung) memiliki laju pertumbuhan bobot muttlak 28,06 gram, dan perlakuan C (60% sawi + 30% kubis + 10% kangkung) memiliki laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 29,55 gram. Hal ini berdasarkan perhitungan One-way ANOVA dari hasil setiap perlakuan sehingga limbah sayuran pada pakan buatan tidak berdampak pada perkembangan ikan nila ( Oreochromis niloticus ).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 234, "width": 471, "height": 312, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kecernaan merupakan evaluasi kuantitatif dari konversi nutrisi dan komponen nutrisi dalam pakan. Tingkat kecernaan pakan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, seperti kualitas pakan, komposisi bahan pakan, kandungan gizi dalam pangan, jenis dan aktivitas enzim pencernaan dalam saluran pencernaan ikan, ukuran dan umur ikan serta sifat fisik dan kimia perairan. Dalam konteks penelitian ini, diduga rendahnya kecernaan pakan dengan penambahan limbah kangkung air tawar dapat disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Pertama, kandungan nutrisi yang rendah dalam kangkung air tawar seperti rendahnya energi pakan, kandungan protein, dan kandungan serat kasar. Hal ini dapat berpengaruh pada tingkat kecernaan pakan oleh ikan nila. Selain itu, komposisi kimia daun dan batang kangkung air tawar memiliki kadar air yang tinggi, kadar abu yang rendah, kadar lemak yang rendah, protein rendah, dan kadar serat kasar yang rendah. Selama proses pengukusan, hanya kandungan protein yang mengalami peningkatan. Faktor-faktor ini dapat mempengaruhi kecernaan pakan oleh ikan nila. Selain nutrisi, komponen lainseperti makromineral juga berperan dalam kecernaan pakan. Kandungan makromineral dalam kangkung air tawar, seperti kalsium (Ca), fosfor (P), magnesium (Mg), kalium (K), dan natrium (Na), dapat mempengaruhi kecernaan pakan oleh ikan nila. selain itu juga, jenis dan aktivitas enzim pencernaan dalam saluran pencernaan ikan, ukuran dan umur ikan, serta kondisi perairan. Perlu juga memperhatikan komponen utama pakan seperti karbohidrat, lemak, dan protein yang berperan penting dalam menyediakan energi bagi ikan dan memenuhi kebutuhan metaboliknya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 551, "width": 471, "height": 217, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Jumlah konsumsi pakan oleh ikan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, termasuk karakteristik fisik pakan dan kualitas air. Karakteristik fisik pakan, seperti bau, rasa, ukuran, dan warna, dapat mempengaruhi nafsu makan ikan. Ikan cenderung lebih tertarik pada pakan yang memiliki aroma dan rasa yang menarik. Ukuran pakan juga penting, karena ikan lebih cenderung memilih pakan yang sesuai dengan ukuran mulutnya. Warna pakan juga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat konsumsi karena beberapa spesies ikan lebih responsif terhadap pakan yang memiliki warna tertentu. Selain itu, kualitas air juga memiliki peran penting dalam konsumsi pakan oleh ikan. Suhu air, misalnya mempengaruhi proses metabolisme ikan. Peningkatan suhu air cendrung meningkatkan tingkat metabolisme ikan, yang pada gilirannya meningkatkan kebutuhan pakan. Dalam kondisi suhu yang lebih tinggi, ikan cendrung mengkonsumsi lebih banyak pakan untuk memenuhi kebetuhan energi yang diperlukan oleh tubuhnya. Hasil penelitian juga telah menunjukkan bahwa makanan berkualitas tinggi yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang baik dan kecernaan yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi konversi makanan oleh", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "ikan. Dengan kata lain, ikan dapat menggunakan makanan yang berkualitas tinggi dengan lebih efektif untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kelangsungan hidupnya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 183, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Tingkat Kelangsungan Hidup", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 123, "width": 471, "height": 249, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan bahwa penggunaan limbah pertanian sayur, sawi, kubis, dan kangkung sebagai sumber pakan tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hasil uji statistik One-way ANOVA (P<0,05) bahwa tidak ada perbedaan signifikansi dalam tingkat kelangsungan hidup antara perlakuan yang diberikan limbah pertanian sayur sawi, kubis dan kangkung. Namun, kondisi lingkungan fisik dan kimia juga memiliki peran penting dalam kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. pengamatan faktor pendukung seperti konsentrasi amoniak menunjukkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan fisik dan kimia tidak mendukung kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. konsentrasi amoniak yang terlalu tinggi dalam air dapat memiliki efek negatif pada kesehatan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan. Hal ini didukung dari hasil pengukuran faktor pendukung (amoniak perlakuan A: 0,017-0,034 mg/l, amoniak perlakuan B: 0,024-0,037 mg/l; dan amoniak Perlakukan C: 0,014-0,031 mg/l. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila pada perlakuan memiliki nilai rata-rata yang cukup tinggi. Perlakuan K memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 99%, perlakuan A sebesar 93%, perlakuan B sebesar 97%, perlakukan C sebesar 97%. Rata-rata keseluruhan dari semua perlakuan adalah sebesar 96%.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 172, "top": 573, "width": 268, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 3. Grafik tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 598, "width": 471, "height": 122, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dari hasil gambar dapat diamati bahwa mortalitas atau kematian ikan nila paling tinggi terjadi pada perlakuan A (20% sawi + 70% kubis + 10% kangkung), dengan kisaran nilai sebesar 93%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian sayur kubis dalam komposisi pakan yang tinggi dapat berdampak negatif terhadap kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. oleh pemberian sayur kubis yang terlalu tinggi akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kematian ikan nila. Tingkat kematian yang tinggi pada perlakuan A mungkin disebabkan oleh faktor- faktor tertentu, seperti karakteristik nutrisi dari sayur kubis yang tidak cocok untuk ikan nila, kandungan zat-zat berbahaya atau reaksi alergi ikan terhadap pakan tersebut.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 725, "width": 471, "height": 43, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Penanganan yang buruk selama penimbangan dan penangkapan ikan dapat menyebabkan stres pada ikan dan potensi kerusakan fisik. Jika ikan terlalu terganggu atau stres, maka mungkin melompat keluar dari tangki uji yang dapat menyebabkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 217, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "cedera atau bahkan kematian. Selain itu, teknik penangkapan yang tidak tepat juga dapat menyebabkan terlepasnya sisik ikan. Sisik yang terlepas dapat menyebabkan kerentanan terhadap infeksi atau ceedra pada kulit ikan. Oleh karen itu, penting untuk menggunakan teknik penangkapan yang lembut dan memperhatikan keamanan ikan selama proses penanganan. Selain faktor penanganan, perilaku ikan seperti menggesekkan tubuhnya ke dinding tangki juga dapat mengindikasikan adanya ketidaknyamanan atau gangguan pada ikan. Hal ini dapat disebabkan oleh faktor lingkungan yang tidak sesuai seperti kualitas air yang buruk, kekurangan nutrisi, atau adanya parasit atau pemnyakit pada ikan. Faktor-faktor biotik dan abiotik juga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan nila. Usia dan kemampuan ikan dalam beradapatasi dengan lingkungannya merupakan faktor biotik yang penting. Sedangkan faktor abiotik, seperti ketersediaan makanan dan kualitas media hidup seperti suhu, pH, dan tingkat oksigen dalam air juga berperan penting dalam mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup ikan nila.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 107, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Konversi Pakan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 313, "width": 471, "height": 154, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Konversi pakan merupakan nilai yang mengukur efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan dalam pertumbuhan dan produksi hewan ternak, termasuk ikan budidaya. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) atau Rasio Konversi Pakan adalah metrik yang digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah pakan yang diperlukan untuk menghasilkan satu kilogram daging ikan budidaya. Variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi rasio konversi pakan antara lain: kualitas dan kuantitas pakan, spesies ikan, ukuran ikan, dan kualitas air. Selain variabel ini juga terdapat faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi rasio konversi pakan, seperti suhu air, kepadatan populasi ikan, kondisi lingkungan, dan manajemen budidaya. Penting untuk memperhatikan faktor-faktor tersebut dalam budidaya ikan guna memperoleh rasio konversi pakan yang efisien dan hasil produksi yang optimal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 472, "width": 471, "height": 169, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil analisis bahwa, konversi pakan ikan nila pada masing-masing perlakuan adalah sebagai berikut: perlakuan K: 13,52, perlakuan A: 15,05, Perlakukan B: 11,51, perlakukan C: 10,89. Rata-rata keseluruhan perlakuan sebesar 12,74. Hasil analisis sidik ragam One-way ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A pada pakan buatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap konversi pakan ikan nila. Hal ini dapat diinterpretasikan bahwa pemberian pakan buatan pada perlakuan A tidak mempengaruhi efisiensi konversi pakan ikan nila secara signifikan. Dalam konteks ini, semakin kecil nilai FCR menunjukkan tingkat efisiensi yang lebih baik dalam memanfaatkan pakan untuk pertumbuhan ikan nila. Hasil ini didukung oleh teori Effendi (1997), bahwa ikan memiliki kemampuan untuk memanfaatkan pakan yang diberikan secara optimal, sehingga pakan tersebut dapat diserap dan digunakan untuk pertumbuhan dan produksi daging.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "83", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 471, "height": 136, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Gambar 4. Grafik hasil konversi pakan ikan Dengan menggunakan gambar 4 dapat dijelaskan bahwa FCR pada perlakuan C Sawi 60% + Kubis 30%+ Kangkung 10% yaitu 29.55 Gram, kemudian kontrol (Pakan Komersial) sebesar 28.43 Gram dan Perlakuan B Sawi 50% + Kubis 40% + Kangkung 10% sebesar 28.06 Gram dan yang terendah pada perlakuan A Sawi 20% + Kubis 70% + Kangkung 10% sebesar 27.47 Gram. Hasil analisis varian sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan kombinasi Sawi, Kubis dan Kangkung tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan pada semua perlakuan. Hal ini diduga akibat rendahnya kemampuan ikan nila untuk mencerna sawi, kubis dan kangkung.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 434, "width": 471, "height": 265, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Limbah sayuran sawi, kubis, dan kangkung telah digunakan sebagai komponen pakan untuk spesies ikan tertentu, seperti ikan wader (Rasbora argyrotaenia) dalam bidang perikanan. Kubis dan daun kangkung merupakan sumber pakan yang baik untuk nila, meskipun daun kangkung masih dianggap gulma oleh beberapa petani, dan sering dianggap sampah. Daun kangkung memiliki kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi yang membuatnya kurang ideal sebagai bahan pakan ikan Kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi dapat menyulitkan pencernaan ikan dan mengurangi efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan. Oleh karena itu, daun kangkung sering dibuang atau dianggap tidak cocok sebagai pakan ikan. Penting untuk memperhatikan kandungan protein dalam pakan ikan, karena protein merupakan komponen penting yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan. Pakan dengan kandungan protein yang tinggi cenderung menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan yang lebih baik, sedangkan pakan dengan kandungan protein rendah dapat menyebabkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pakan rendah pula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor utama yang menentukan tinggi rendahnya efisiensi pakan adalah jenis sumber gizi dan jumlah dari setiap komponen sumber gizi dalam pakan. Oleh karena itu, dalam merancang pakan untuk ikan perlu memperhatikan komposisi nutrisi yang tepat, termasuk proporsi dan kualitas bahan pakan yang digunakan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 704, "width": 471, "height": 58, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Dalam konteks daun kangkung, jika kandungan serat kasar terlalu tinggi, mungkin perlu mempertimbangkan penggunaan bahan pakan lain yang memiliki kandungan serat yang lebih rendah atau melakukan pengolahan atau preparasi khusus pada daun kangkung untuk mengurangi kandungan seratnya. Selain itu, penting juga untuk", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "84", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 27, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "memperhatikan faktor-faktor lain seperti ketersediaan, harga, dan dampak lingkungan dalam memilih dan menggabungkan komponen pakan yang optimal untuk ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 107, "width": 123, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "- Faktor Pendukung", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 123, "width": 471, "height": 169, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Kualitas air memainkan peran penting dalam peningkatan produksi budidaya ikan nila, terutama dalam sistem budidaya yang intensif. Budidaya ikan nila secara intensif ditandai dengan kepadatan tebar tinggi dan pemberian pakan berprotein tinggi untuk mencapai pertumbuhan yang optimal. Kontrol kualitas air yang baik sangat penting dalam budidaya intensif untuk menjaga kesehatan dan kinerja ikan nila. Beberapa faktor kualitas air yang perlu diperhatikan antara lain: kualitas air fisika dan kimia, dan ketersediaan oksigen. Pengelolaan kualitas air yang baik melibatkan pemantauan secara teratur terhadap parameter kualitas air, perawatan sistem filtrasi, pemeliharaan kebersihan kolam atau tangki budidaya, dan penggunaan teknologi atau metode pengolahan air yang tepat. Dengan menjaga kualitas air yang baik, ikan nila dapat tumbuh dengan optimal menghindari penyakit dan meningkatkan produktivitas dalam budidaya secara intensif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 297, "width": 471, "height": 186, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Hasil pengukuran kualitas air selama 8 minggu menunjukkan kondisi normal yaitu pada perlakuan K : kisaran suhu: 25-28 0 C; PH: 7-7,33; Amoniak: 0,019-0,030mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 5,21-5,30ppm, perlakuan A : kisaran suhu: 26-28 0 C; PH: 7,34-7,40; Amoniak: 0,017-0,034 mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 4,10-4,40 ppm, perlakuan B : kisaran suhu: 25-28 0 C; PH: 7,16-7,34; Amoniak: 0,024-0,037 mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 5,29-5,50 ppm, Perlakukan C : kisaran suhu: 25-27 0 C; PH: 7,18-7,30; Amoniak: 0,014-0,031 mg/l; Disolved Oxygen: 5,18-5,40 ppm. Kualitas air yang baik dan stabil penting untuk menjaga kesehatan ikan nila dan memaksimalkan pertumbuhan. Kualitas air pada empat perlakuan tampak normal dan cukup memadai untuk pemeliharaan ikan nila selama 8 minggu, namun perlu diingat bahwa pemantauan dan pemeliharaan kualitas air yang terus-menerus sangat penting untuk memastikan lingkungan yang optimal bagi ikan nila sepanjang siklus budidaya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 471, "height": 201, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pemberian perlakuan yang tepat dalam penelitian ini memberikan masukan penting dalam pengembangan penggunaan pakan alternatif dari limbah sayuran. Penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan ikan dapat menjadi solusi yang baik dalam mengurangi pembuangan limbah yang dapat merusak lingkungan. Dengan memanfaatkan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan ikan dapat mengurangi volume limbah yang berakhir di tempat pembuangan akhir dan mengurangi dampak negatifnya terhadap lingkungan. Selain itu, penggunaan limbah sayuran sebagai bahan pakan juga dapat memberikan alternatif pendapatan tambahan bagi masyarakat, terutama bagi yang terlibat dalam usaha budidaya. Pengembangan penggunaan limbah sayuran yang lebih baik di masa yang akan datang dapat mengoptimalkan sumber daya yang ada, mengurangi limbah, dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Selain itu juga pendekatan penelitian ini mendukung prinsip keberlanjutan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya secara bijaksana.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 710, "width": 147, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "4. Kesimpulan dan Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 726, "width": 471, "height": 38, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Pertumbuhan bobot mutlak hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan C (Sawi 60% + Kubis 30%+ Kangkung 10%) memberikan pertumbuhan mutlak tertinggi, sedangkan perlakuan A (Sawi 20% + Kubis 70% + Kangkung 10%) memberikan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 82, "top": 36, "width": 73, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "P ISSN: 2527-8479 E ISSN: 2686-2174", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 460, "top": 36, "width": 95, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Media Agribisnis Volume 7 Issue 1: 74-86", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 299, "top": 782, "width": 14, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "85", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 75, "width": 471, "height": 149, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "pertumbuhan bobot mutlak terendah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi pakan sawi, kubis, dan kangkung dalam proporsi tertentu dapat berpotensi meningkatkan pertumbuhan ikan nila. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup tertinggi pada perlakuan kontrol (pelet) yaitu sebesar 99%. Perlakuan A (Sawi 20% + Kubis 70% + Kangkung 10%) menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup terendah sebesar 93%. Meskipun ada perbedaan dalam tingkat kelangsungan hidup antara perlakuan. Konversi pakan tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan C (Sawi 60% + Kubis 30%+ Kangkung 10%) dengan nilai sebesar 10.89%, sementara perlakuan A (75% kangkung + 25% dedak) memiliki angka konversi pakan terendah sebesar 15.05%. konversi pakan yang lebih rendah menunjukkan efisiensi pakan yang lebih baik, dimana ikan dapat mengubah pakan menjadi pertumbuhan dengan lebih efisien.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 227, "width": 471, "height": 162, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil tersebut di atas, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pakan kombinasi sawi, kubis, dan kangkung tidak secara signifikan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, dan konversi pakan pada ikan nila dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mengembangkan penggunaan limbah sayuran secara lebih luas dan mendalam, penelitian lebih lanjut dan eksperimen yang lebih komprehensif mungkin diperlukan. Pemanfaatan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan ikan nila memiliki potensi besar dalam memberikan manfaat ekonomi dan mendukung keberlanjutan usaha petani. Dengan memanfaatkan limbah sayuran, limbah tersebut dapat diubah menjadi sumber pakan yag bernilai dan mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Pengembangan lebih lanjut dalam penggunanaan limbah sayuran sebagai pakan ikan dapat memberikan alternatif yang berharga dalam budidaya ikan nila khususnya dan memberikan tambahan pendapatan bagi petani ikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 406, "width": 114, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "DAFTAR PUSTAKA", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 420, "width": 471, "height": 68, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 842, "text": "A. 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6c428af1-55c6-39df-5ae4-c87457e95ef3

https://jurnal.syntaxliterate.co.id/index.php/syntax-literate/article/download/50/77

[ { "left": 504, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 206, "top": 88, "width": 301, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate : Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia – ISSN : 2541-0849 e-ISSN : 2548-1398 Vol. 2, No 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 164, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "THE EFFECT OF GENDER DIFFERENCES AND READING STRATEGIES TOWARD STUDETS’ READING COMPREHENSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 208, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih Universitas Muhammadiyah Tangerang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 146, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Email: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 261, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 113, "top": 274, "width": 397, "height": 281, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this research were to find out whether there is any significant difference result of reading comprehension between gender (male and female), whether there is any significant difference result of reading comprehension in the use of reading strategies (cognitive-metacognitive), and whether there is a significant interaction of gender differences and the use of reading strategies towards students’ reading comprehension. A quantitative analysis that included descriptive statistics and inferential analysis (ANOVA) tests were conducted to answer the research questions of this study. The respondents of this study were the third semester students of the reading III program at English department of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University in Banten. Out of 94 students of the population, 50 (25 females and 25 males) were chosen as the samples. To collect data, the study used two kinds of instruments: a reading comprehension test, and questionnaires. The result of this study revealed that out of two independent variables, only the variables of gender affected students’ reading comprehension (p – value < 0.05). However, the different use of reading strategies did not give significant effect on students’ reading comprehension (p – value > 0.05). But the overall use of both reading strategies through different gender had not shown significant interaction on students’ reading comprehension (p – value > 0.05).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 113, "top": 560, "width": 397, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Therefore, lecture should teach not only reading lesson, but also how to make the students be acquainted with strategies in reading.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 602, "width": 366, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Gender differences, reading strategies, reading comprehension", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 659, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Introduction", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 689, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In English Foreign Language setting, reading is the most important channel that language learners need to learn. According to Richard and Renandya (2012), “Many foreign language students often have reading as one of their most important goal. They", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "want to be able to read information, for pleasure, and for study purposes”. By mastering the reading skill, students may be able to fulfill their educational needs as well as discharge their own pleasure.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In Indonesian educational context, students at schools and universities have limited exposures to real language use, so they need reading as a way for them to absorb the knowledge of English as well as understand various kinds of texts. University students majoring in any field of studies who are studying English usually face some serious problems relating to academic texts if they do not master reading as one of their English basic skills.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The fact that comprehension is very crucial in reading then leads the researcher to conduct her preliminary observation in English department of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University regarding to the male and female differences on their reading achievement and problems. She found out from the last semester result of reading III class that almost 34,5 percent bad scores came from female students while male students only account for 14,6 percent out of total classes population. This result was in the opposite with the theory of Dardjowidjojo (2003) who states that language learning is generally dominated by women. However, this result might be varies from one to another research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 458, "width": 428, "height": 200, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "There are two major reasons for the researcher’s interest of studying language and gender; educational reason and social reason which both are interconnected. Firstly, the reason comes from educational background. Many of the beliefs reflected address notions of gender differences in cognitive abilities, proficiencies and achievements. Maulrine (2001) reports that the difference level achievements between gender where boys are often making failing grades and they were being labeled as having learning disabilities. Thus, as teacher, we can significantly improve a student’s achievements in language learning and taking into account of her or his gender, approaches to learning, preferences to the certain type of tasks, difficulties, and their social-educational backgrounds.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 667, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Second reason is social reason. People need to be aware that if gender is a social phenomenon which one should be able to find linguistic evidence of it, since language is the primary means by which we create the categories which help our students to learn. Recent research of Pavlenko and Piller (2008) has also resulted in a more nuanced", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "picture of ways in which gender ideologies and practices shape learners’ desires, investments, and actions with regard to what languages they choose to learn and speak.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the educational and social reasons above, the researcher assumes that gender can account for variability on reading comprehension. Studying such social variables such as gender, class, age, and ethnicity, as explained by Milroy and Gordon (2003), are prominent in variationist research and have often been used to elucidate the global patterning of linguistics variation across broad population. So, we as local language practitioners need to find as many evidence to support the language learning of our students by explaining the accountability of these social variables in form of educational research.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 316, "width": 130, "height": 31, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Theoretical Framework Reading Comprehension", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 357, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the previous explanation, we agreed that comprehension is the result of reading process and in order to achieve that level of successfulness, we have to do a lot of practices and sharpen our comprehension by using specific strategies. As Brown (2001) explained, “Reading comprehension is primarily a matter of developing appropriate, efficient comprehension strategies”. That is, the strong emphasize of reading comprehension is about the reader’s effort.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 479, "width": 428, "height": 137, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The concept of the reader’s effort in gaining comprehension is also supported by Nuttal (1982). He explained that besides sharing assumptions between reader and writer, comprehension involves the reader’s willingness to make some efforts to get the meaning for himself. He also added that if the reader is passive or careless, there will be incomplete interpretation or unclear meaning and far from what the writer has expected from his text. This makes use of the effort will distinguish the readers generally into two types: the good readers and bad readers.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 152, "top": 624, "width": 312, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Figure 1. Nuttal’s virtuous cycle of poor versus good readers", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 143, "top": 658, "width": 278, "height": 83, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reads slowly Doesnt enjoy reading doesn't read much Doesnt understand Read Faster Reads more Understand better Enjoy Reading", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The difference between poor and good readers relies on their greater endurance. Good readers often withstand in searching the difficult meaning even the text gets complicated; they are aware that decoding words itself is not enough, so they will have a purposive reading strategy and anticipate what they have not understood by asking questions ahead. If they successfully find the meaning, they will continue reading as part of their learning experience.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gender and Language", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 429, "height": 115, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In order to find some possible answers about gender differences in language, one has to go back in time and look at the historical background of gender studies. One of the most well known theorist who much discussed about language and gender was Robin Lakoff (1973). She claimed that there is a difference between women’s language and men’s language while they are using it. Karlson (2007) listed several characteristics of male and female in written dialogue comments and actions, they are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 174, "top": 378, "width": 250, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 1. Male and Female Language Characters", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 130, "top": 399, "width": 333, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The female character uses The male character uses", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 102, "top": 420, "width": 118, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Intensifiers: So, such", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 441, "width": 194, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Hedges: I think, you know, I really,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 120, "top": 459, "width": 131, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "I mean, I’m sure, I suppose", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 480, "width": 194, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tag questions: You didn’t – did you?", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 523, "width": 193, "height": 32, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Minimal responses: Yeah, mhm, right", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 565, "width": 193, "height": 52, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Words which are supposed to be used more frequently by women than men: Oh, my goodness", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 627, "width": 130, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Polite language: Please", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 102, "top": 648, "width": 148, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Formal language: I can not", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 418, "width": 193, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. No feed back on the female’s comment.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 461, "width": 194, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Minimal response in order to let the woman knows he is not interested in what she has to say.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 523, "width": 194, "height": 74, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Taboo words: The man uses taboo words which are suppossed to be more frequently used among males than females. The words are: Shit!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 321, "top": 606, "width": 67, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "God damn it!", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 303, "top": 625, "width": 194, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Commands: ‘Give me some", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 321, "top": 645, "width": 175, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "paper!’, ‘Hand me the Sport", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 321, "top": 666, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Magazine by the sofa!’", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 708, "width": 428, "height": 34, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lakoff’s reasons of the differences language between male and female was because of the social factors, not because the language that they acquired. She", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "distinguished five reasons that cause this differences into: different social role, social discrimination exists, value of another elements, and psychological elements.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 150, "width": 228, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cognitive-Metacognitive Reading Strategies", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The cognitive and metacognitive strategies were firstly introduced by O’Malley and Chamot (1990). They define:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 212, "width": 392, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Cognitive strategies operate directly on incoming information, manipulating in it ways that enhance learning. On the other hand, metacognitive strategies are higher order executive skills that may entail planning for, monitoring, or evaluating of the success of learning activity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 288, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the definition above, we can conclude that cognitive strategies are “learner based strategies” which operate directly while readers are reading while in the opposite, the metacognitive strategies work beyond the readers’ mind which is more tactical rather than practical as in cognitive strategies.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 368, "width": 428, "height": 55, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "O’Malley and Chamot (1990) mentioned several processes that might be included as part of the components of metacognitive strategies (works for receptive or productive skills). They are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 433, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Selective attention for special aspects of learning task, as in planning, listening for keywords or phrases;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 474, "width": 326, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Planning the organization of either written or spoken discourse;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 495, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Monitoring or reviewing attention to a task, monitoring comprehension for information that should be remembered, or monitoring production while it is occurring; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 557, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Evaluating or checking comprehension after completion of a receptive language activity, or evaluating language production after it has taken place.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 428, "height": 76, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In explaining the cognitive strategies, O’Malley and Chamot (1990) argued that it might be limited in application to the specific type of task in the learning activity. The key features include in cognitive strategies for only receptive skills (reading and listening) are:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 681, "width": 375, "height": 11, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Rehersal, or repeating the names of items or objects that have been heard;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 702, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Organization, or grouping and classfying words, terminology, or concepts according to their semantic or syntactic attributes;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Inferencing, or using information in oral text to guess meanings of new linguistic items, predict outcomes, or complete missing parts;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Summarizing, or intermittently synthesizing what one has heard to ensure the information has been retained;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 276, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Deduction, or applying rules to understand language;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 191, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Imagery, or using visual images (either generated or actual) to understand and remember new verbal information;", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 427, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7. Transfer, or using known linguistic information to facilitate a new learning task; and", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8. Elaboration – linking ideas contained in new information or integrating new ideas with known information (elaboration may be a general category for other strategies, such as imagery, summarization, transfer, and deduction).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 321, "width": 428, "height": 74, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In summary, both of cognitive and metacognitive strategies are important which indicate that reading comprehension are active process to construct meaning by having real utilization practice of gaining meaning (as cognitive process), or by setting mental strategy to process meaning (as metacognitive process).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 425, "width": 70, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Methodology", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 446, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The research took place at Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University. It is state university which is located on Jalan Raya Jakarta Km. 3,5 Serang – Banten. The researcher conducted her research on October – December 2013. The population of this research were 94 students from the two classes (class A and B), only 50 students were chosen as the samples. They consist of 25 male and 25 female students; they were chosen randomly by using SPSS version 21. In analysing the data, the researcher applied 2 x 2 factorial design (ANOVA), with two levels of gender (male and female) and two levels of reading strategies (cognitive and metacognitive reading strategies).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 116, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Research Instruments", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 653, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, the writer used two kinds of instruments. They are: reading comprehension test and questionnaires. The reading comprehension test consists of 30 questions. The blueprint of the test is listed as bellow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "7", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 104, "top": 88, "width": 388, "height": 267, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2. Reading Comprehension Test Blueprint No. Forms of exercise Indicators Items 1. Completion Exercise Able to match the designated words with the passages 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 2. Multiple choice a) Identify the stated main idea b) Identify the stated main idea and details c) Recall detail d) Identify the stated cause and effect e) Recognize the sequence of events f) Recognize fact and opinion g) Recognize elements of a short story (plot, character, setting and theme) h) Compare and contrast 6, 7, 9 11, 12, 13 28 27, 29 21, 22, 23, 2, 25 14, 15 26, 30 3. Vocabularies Exercise Guessing meaning from the context clues 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 Total 30 Items", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 379, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The second instrument were questionaires which were divided into two parts: first, students’ age, gender, academic major, their background, and reasons of studying English and the second part was a part was the cognitive-metacognitive reading strategy items which were adopted from Phakiti (2006). The blueprint of the cognitive- metacognitive questionnaire was stated as follow:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 101, "top": 483, "width": 392, "height": 173, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 3. Questionnaire Blueprint Strategies Sub-strategies Items Total Items 1. Cognitive a) Comprehending 2, 3, 6, 7, 14 4 b) Memory 1, 5, 8, 22 4 c) Retrieval 4, 9, 26, 29 5 2. Metacognitive a) Planning 10, 11, 19, 20, 23, 27 6 b) Monitoring 12, 16, 17, 21, 24, 25 6 c) Evaluating 13, 15, 18,28, 30 5 Total 30 30", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 684, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this questionnaire, each item was accompanied with a 5-point, Likert-type scale. The higher the number that respondents indicate applies to them, the more frequent the use of the particular strategy is reflected.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 9, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "8", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 48, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Findings", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 108, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table below showed the descriptive statistics of gender and their reading strategies preferences:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 138, "top": 150, "width": 322, "height": 212, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 4. Descriptive Statistics Gender Strategies Mean Std. Deviation N Male Cognitive 60.53 12.276 15 Metacognitive 65.60 9.812 10 Total 62.56 11.420 25 Female Cognitive 76.90 10.170 10 Metacognitive 79.80 6.742 15 Total 78.64 8.210 25 Total Cognitive 67.08 13.916 25 Metacognitive 74.12 10.631 25 Total 70.60 12.762 50", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 386, "width": 428, "height": 177, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For male students, there were 25 students. The students who used cognitive strategy there were 15 students with the mean 60.53 and the standard deviation of 12.276, however; the metacognitive only accounts for 10 students with the mean of 65.60and standard deviation of 9.812. The maximum score was 76, the minimum score was 36, and the range was 40. By seeing the male row above, we could see between two groups of strategies; the cognitive strategy was mostly favored by male students. Male students were supposed to use cognitive reading strategy to enhance their reading comprehension by operate comprehending the task, memorizing the words, and retrieving the names of items or objects.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 572, "width": 428, "height": 156, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For female students there were also 25 students. Students with cognitive strategy were 10 students with the mean 76.90 and standard deviation 8.210, whereas the metacognitive strategy has bigger amount of 15 students with the mean 79.80and standard deviation of 6.742. The maximum score was 93, the minimum score was 50, and the range was 43.By seeing the female row above, we could see between two groups of strategies; the metacognitive strategy was mostly favored by female students. Female students were supposed to use the metacognitive reading strategy to increase their comprehension rate by planning their written discourse, monitoring the attention to", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 6, "height": 11, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "9", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "the task and monitoring comprehension while conducting the test, and evaluating or checking the comprehension after finishing the task.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "To conclude, the most favorable reading strategies that were used by male students were the cognitive reading strategies; whereas female students mostly used the metacognitive reading strategies. It can be interpreted that male and female students have different types of reading strategies in their way of achieving better comprehension result.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In inferential statistics, a Two-Way Analysis of Variances (ANOVA) was used to find the answer for related research questions and to test the three hypotheses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 109, "top": 274, "width": 380, "height": 245, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 5. Test Between Subject Effect Source Type III Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Partial Eta Squared Corrected Model 3436.567 a 3 1145.522 11.598 .000 .431 Intercept 239984.08 3 1 239984.08 3 2429.719 .000 .981 Gender 2802.963 1 2802.963 28.379 .000 .382 Strategies 190.403 1 190.403 1.928 .172 .040 Gender * Strategies 14.083 1 14.083 .143 .707 .003 Error 4543.433 46 98.770 Total 257198.00 0 50 Corrected Total 7980.000 49", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 543, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the table 4.6 for the first category of gender, the p-value (0,000) < ɑ (0,05) which means there was a significant difference of reading comprehension score between the two gender. The null hypothesis (H 0) is rejected and we accept the alternate hypothesis (H 1 ). Thus, we can conclude that there is a significant difference result between male and female students on their reading comprehension.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 647, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For second category which is reading strategy, the result showed that the p-value (0.526) >α (0,05) which means that there is no significant difference between the use of the two reading strategies (cognitive and metacognitive) due to the students’ reading comprehension score. The null hypothesis (H 0 ) is accepted, and the alternate hypothesis (H 1 ) is rejected. Thus, we can conclude that there is no significant difference between", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "10", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 31, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "students who use cognitive reading strategy with the students who use metacognitive reading strategy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 429, "height": 94, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "For the last category which is interaction, the table showed that the p-value (0,707) >α (0,05) which means that there is no significant interaction between gender and the reading strategies. The null hypothesis (H 0 ) is accepted, and the alternate hypothesis (H 1 ) is rejected. Thus, we can conclude that there is no interaction between gender differences and reading strategies on students’ reading comprehension.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 150, "top": 233, "width": 298, "height": 87, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 6. Gender Gender Mean Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Male 63.067 2.029 58.983 67.150 Female 78.350 2.029 74.267 82.433", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 345, "width": 428, "height": 52, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gender was the only category that showed a significant difference among the three hypotheses. As an illustration, the table above has showed which type of gender had better score in the reading comprehension that is female.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 428, "width": 68, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Conclusions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 428, "height": 218, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the result of the data analysis, the researcher drew several conclusions. First, the result of this research had shown that female has better reading comprehension scores than males. Secondly, the assumption that reading strategies will affect students reading comprehension is seemly to be rejected. Due to the result, the students’ metacognitive and cognitive reading strategies preference does not significantly differ in their reading comprehension score. Thirdly, the interaction between two independent variables did not significantly happened in this research. The choice of using certain reading strategy was not determined by the category of gender. In other words, a certain type of gender using a certain type strategy did not give better result in reading comprehension at third semester students of English department in Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 697, "width": 63, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suggestions", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 428, "height": 32, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the result of this research, the researcher intended to give several suggestions to the following:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 229, "top": 44, "width": 281, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Effect Of Gender Differences And Reading Strategies", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 241, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017 : 1-13", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 498, "top": 782, "width": 12, "height": 11, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "11", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 88, "width": 428, "height": 114, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. There are two things that need to be considered for the further researcher who is interested in conduction research with the same topic. The first is the amount of the population and samples should be adequate enough. The sufficient numbers of samples would give better representation of the overall population. Secondly, the consideration of the age and the language levels of the students itself. The samples should be chosen very carefully to get the better view of the research data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. For undergraduate students of Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa University, they should be introduced with the terms of reading strategies. They should be taught the awareness of using strategies in reading in order to make their reading comprehension better by their lectures since the earlier semester.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 295, "width": 428, "height": 73, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Teachers should not only teach the reading lesson which putting too much attention in grammatical and lexical aspects but also teach them to use text to convey meaning, to communicate, and to express something. So the students themselves can pass the reading lesson with better comprehension.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 44, "width": 94, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Asih Rosnaningsih", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 782, "width": 15, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "12", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 286, "top": 782, "width": 212, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Syntax Literate , Vol. 2, No. 1 Januari 2017", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 250, "top": 88, "width": 98, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "BIBLIOGRAPHY", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Barnitz, John. G. 1985. Reading Development of Nonnative Speakers of English .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 150, "width": 206, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Florida: Harcourt Brace Jovannovich, Inc.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 171, "width": 426, "height": 31, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Brown, H. Douglas. 2001 . Teaching by Principle; An interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy. New York . San Francisco State University.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 212, "width": 429, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Darwowidjojo, Soejono. 2003. Psikolinguistik: Pengantar Pemahaman Bahasa Manusia . Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 426, "height": 73, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Diamond, Milton. 2002. Sex and Gender Are Different: Sexual Identity and Gender Identity Are Different . Clinical Child Psychology & Psychiatry 7(3), p.320–334. Retrieved March 23, 2013 (http://www.hawaii.edu/PCSS/biblio/articles/2000to2 004/2002-sex-and-gender.html).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 336, "width": 426, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fraenkel, J.R and Wallen, N.E. 1993. How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education . New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 375, "width": 428, "height": 14, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Karlsson, S. 1973. Gender Related Differences in Language Use . Master’s Thesis.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 121, "top": 398, "width": 343, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lulea University of Technology Department of Language and Culture.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 417, "width": 428, "height": 34, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lakoff, Robin. 1973. Language and Women’s Place . New York: Cambridge University Press.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 460, "width": 359, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maulrine, A. 2001. Are Boys the Weaker Sex? U.S. New & World Report.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 481, "width": 429, "height": 32, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Milroy, Lesley and Gordon, Matthew. 2003. Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation . 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42774060-5ee9-658c-6ff7-a6ecba9b30d3

http://ijbs.ipmi.ac.id/index.php/ijbs/article/download/325/159

[ { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 85 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 347, "top": 114, "width": 178, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "e-ISSN: 2622-4585 | p-ISSN: 2580-0132", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 70, "top": 114, "width": 218, "height": 28, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES ipmi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 395, "top": 570, "width": 106, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 71, "top": 331, "width": 415, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 358, "width": 296, "height": 310, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research study the relationship and the impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and loyalty in the BTN Mobile Banking users. This study uses modi�ied dimensions of the E-SERVQUAL instrument to determine the e-SQ of BTN Mobile Banking service in JABODETABEK which are Personal Needs, Site Organization, User-friendliness and Ef�iciency. The main objective of this study is to analyse the Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and the impact on user Loyalty within the context of BTN Mobile, using a modi�ied set of e-Servqual indicators. 103 respondents were involved in this study and the results showed E-SQ have signi�icant impact to E-Satisfaction and Loyalty. Data analysis was performed using SEM-PLS. The limitations of this study are that the scope of the population is only in JABODETABEK, and the variables related to e-satisfaction are only emphasized from the perspective of user experience and interface while the research scope on e- satisfaction is very wide. This research �inds that Personal Needs, Site Organization, User-Friendliness and Ef�iciency have signi�icant impact to the e-satisfaction and customer loyalty. The �indings of this study show that in Internet banking, in addition to the technical and functional aspects of -SQ re�lects the importance of contribution to e-satisfaction and e-loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 395, "top": 360, "width": 74, "height": 188, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: E-Service Quality Loyalty Customer Satisfaction E-Satisfaction JEL: M31, G20, A10 Article History:", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 395, "top": 375, "width": 81, "height": 8, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Received : 09-02-2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 395, "top": 390, "width": 81, "height": 38, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Revised : 20-02-2024 Accepted : 26-02-2024 Published : 28-02-2024", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 127, "top": 694, "width": 397, "height": 17, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 Authors. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY-SA 4.0) which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited & ShareAlike terms followed.", "type": "Caption" }, { "left": 104, "top": 173, "width": 386, "height": 64, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 157, "top": 269, "width": 282, "height": 14, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina¹*, Leonnard Ong ²", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 159, "top": 291, "width": 276, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "¹²Sekolah Tinggi Manajemen IPMI, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia, 12750", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 397, "top": 130, "width": 128, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Vol. 8 | No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 86 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 74, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "INTRODUCTION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 216, "height": 445, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the rapidly advancing digital age, the banking industry has experienced a major transformation with the adoption of electronic services (e- services). Advances in technology and the growing popularity of online business changed the way customers interact with their �inancial activities in terms of the variety of services and how they are delivered to customers. This phenomenon has changed on how the companies planning and strategizing the business including in banking industry. One of the banking products related to internet and technology is mobile banking. Mobile banking is an online service through mobile phones with �inancial facilities that almost the same as of�line banking (Hutabarat, 2010). Technology has been rooted in everyday lives and mobile banking has made to retain customers and gives them the �lexibility in doing �inancial activity 24/7. To make the mobile banking useful to its customers, banks should make sure that customers are satis�ied with the service and this can be done by delivering the best electronic service in the internet banking. Most studies related to e-service quality has shown that e-SQ is correlated with e-satisfaction and loyalty (Chang et al., 2009). This phenomenon makes it important to have insight about how important to have a good service quality and how it is impactful on customer’s satisfaction and loyalty especially users of mobile banking.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 578, "width": 100, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LITERATURE REVIEW", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 593, "width": 216, "height": 175, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The presence of the technology has brought revolutionary changes in the way how goods and services are traded, as well as the services and products in banking business. One of the �ields with the application of marketing system that is oriented towards technological development is in the banking sector. Banking sector is one of the elements that has the important role in terms of activities, mobilities and �lexibilities in the daily life. It helps people to simplify in the activities of managing their �inances (González, F, 2011). In the e-service quality, Parasuraman et al. (2002)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 98, "width": 217, "height": 670, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "introduced the SERVQUAL which are tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. In the context of e-services, these indicators have been adapted to address digital- speci�ic aspects, including website design, ease of navigation, transaction security, and timely online assistance (Santos, 2003). E-S-QUAL, on the other hand, is a model that extends the SERVQUAL framework speci�ically to measure service quality in online or electronic service environments. It needed to be adapted to the digital context. Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Malhotra introduced the e-S-QUAL model to address these adaptations that consists of ef�iciency, ful�ilment, system availability, and privacy. Therefore, later on Herrington and Weaven (2009) found four indicators of e- SERVQUAL that is more suitable in internet service quality in the banking industry such as Site Organization, User-Friendliness, Ef�iciency and Personal Needs. Satisfaction in the electronic environment has become an interesting topic of analysis and being a key factor in competing with rivals and achieving success in the market (Andreson & Srinivasan, 2003; Cox & Dale, 2001; Zeglat et al., 2016). However, it is a dif�icult concept to de�ine, because of its numerous interactions with other variables. Nevertheless, it may be considered an effective attitude, in�luencing the user’s behaviour and assessment of the products/services, which in turn determines the user’s �idelity (Zhang & Dran, 2000). In the retail online environment, e- satisfaction derived from the previous buying Experience in e-commerce platform (Anderson and Srinivan, 2003). Customer satisfaction is also in�luenced by the quality of the User Interface of online seller’s website as it is provided in the physical evidence of the capabilities in providing and facilitate the usage of online services (Alam and Yasin, 2010). Loyalty itself has three categories which are behavioural loyalty, attitudinal loyalty and integrated loyalty (Oh, 1995). The behavioural loyalty examines the customer’s continuity from their past purchases", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 87 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 216, "height": 325, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "than measure the customer loyalty by their frequency of purchase, rate of purchase and the possibilities to purchase. The attitudinal loyalty refers more on the psychological involvement, favourable and sense of goodwill on the certain product or service that tends to lead into a positive Word of Mouth (WOM). Customer loyalty can be understood as a commitment to repurchasing a product and/or service that is preferred over time, despite marketing efforts and/or offers that appear in the market (Aldas- Manzano, Ruiz-Mafe, SanzBlas, & Lassala-Navarre, 2011). It can also be de�ined as the repeated purchase of a consistent product and/or service in the future (Lenka, Suar, & Mohapatra, 2009), which generates positive and detectable �inancial outcomes (Hazra & Srivastava, 2009). Therefore, in order to measure user loyalty, researcher will adopt re-patronize or re-buy intention through BTN Mobile and WOM as the dimensions of the user loyalty, along with the research from Chang (2009).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 443, "width": 94, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESEARCH METHOD", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 71, "top": 458, "width": 216, "height": 310, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Based on the review on e-SQ, e-Satisfaction and e-Loyalty in the internet banking environment indicated that these variables should be a determination in every banking business in a way of improving service quality and win the global competitiveness. This study uses the e-SQ dimension developed by Herrington and Weaven (2009) that is suitable for internet or mobile banking service quality which are Site Organization, User-Friendliness, Ef�iciency and Personal Needs with 30 items of indictor. For the e-customer satisfaction, researcher uses User Experience (Herrington & Weaven et al., 2009) and User Interface (Alfaridzi et al., 2023) as the assessment. Furthermore, for the loyalty involved Word of Mouth (V an Tonder et al., 2018) and Re-Purchase intention (H.H Chang et al., 2009) as the dimension to the study assessment. Primary data of the e-Service Quality, e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in this research were gathered purposively from 103 BTN Mobile users in", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 98, "width": 217, "height": 115, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "JABODETABEK area. This research utilizes PLS- SEM to analyse the high-order construct measurement. The relationship between high and lower-order components is regarded as a loading indicator that can later calculate the average variance extracted value and composite reliability. There were three hypotheses to be tested in this research, namely:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 218, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1: E-Service Quality has signi�icant impact on E-Satisfaction", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 248, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2: E-Service Quality has signi�icant impact to the user loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 278, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H3: E-Customer Satisfaction has a signi�icant impact to the User Loyalty", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 323, "width": 216, "height": 130, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The developed questionnaires were consisting of four indicators for personal needs, four indicators for site organization, four indicators for user- friendliness, three indicators for ef�iciency, four indicators of user experience, four indicators of user interface, three indicators of WOM and four indicators of re-purchase intention. All the indicators were measured by Likert scale from “1 = Strongly Disagree” to “5 = Strongly Agree”.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 473, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This research attempts to construct a theoretical research framework to better understanding whether e-service quality will impact on e- satisfaction and loyalty variables for the users of BTN Mobile Banking Application as seen in the Figure 1 below.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 578, "width": 116, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "RESULT AND DISCUSSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 593, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Reliability was tested to measure the consistency of the indicators performance through Construct Reliability (CR) and Average Variance Extracted (AVE) tests. The result shown in table 1 indicated that all Construct Reliability value is exceeded 0.70 and the AVE value is exceeded 0.50", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 698, "width": 216, "height": 70, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The evaluation of statistics indicates that all the data are valid and reliable as of the questions from the questionnaire are all feasible and can be used as the representative as the actual conditions. The measurement in descriptive analysis are mean,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 88 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 89 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 233, "width": 216, "height": 220, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "standard deviation, kurtosis and skewness. The mean is de�ined as the average score value of the data while standard deviation shows variance or how spread the observed data are in the variable around the mean. Skewness itself is the degree of symmetry in the variable distribution. If the distribution of data for variable stretched toward right or left tail of the distribution, then the distribution is characterized as skewed. The threshold of skewness is -2 to 2 (Curran et al., 1996; West et al., 1995). Kurtosis is the degree peakiness/�latness in the variable distribution. It measured weather the distribution is too peak and has threshold for -7 ≤ kurtosis ≤ 7 (Curran et al., 1996; West et al., 1995)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 473, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, the variables that are measured were E-Service Quality (ESQ) with the dimension", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 233, "width": 216, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "of Personal Needs (PN), Site Organization (SO), User-Friendliness (UF) and Ef�iciency (EF). Another independent variable is E-Customer Satisfaction (ECS) with the dimension of User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI) and also another variable which are Loyalty (EL) with the dimension of Word of Mouth (WOM and Re- Purchase Intention (RPI).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 368, "width": 216, "height": 115, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, all dimensions in the study were measured and shows that the result is still in the threshold range so it is considered as good. The kurtosis and skewness also show the result of peakiness in the range of its threshold so it is considered as good. Here is the table of the descriptive statistic test result from the PLS-SEM analysis as stated in the following.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 90 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 368, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "From the questionnaire, the average score of respondents choosing User Experience, User Interface, Word of Mouth and most of the dimensions in this study are resulting as “strongly agree” which means that all of these points are very important to increase service quality. In", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 368, "width": 216, "height": 85, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Table 2, it can be seen that all indicators have quite good outer loading values (> 0.4). Likewise, Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability, and average variance extracted (AVE) have good values. So, it can be stated that the model is worthy of being measured.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 91 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 533, "width": 216, "height": 160, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Validity test is used to determine the ability or the uniqueness of the indicators to measure the latent variables and reliability refers to how consistent the method to measure something. If the instrument is not valid and not reliable then the result cannot represent the actual condition and considered as invalid/unreliable. The result of the validity and reliability test will be explained in the following statement. The following process is to recreate the model using the construct score. The next is the new measurement model:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 713, "width": 216, "height": 55, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this study, two-tailed test were conducted employing a signi�icant level of 5% with the basic esteem of 1.96. the hypothesis testing result shows that:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 533, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1: E-Service Quality has signi�icant impact on E- Satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 563, "width": 216, "height": 205, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the hypothesis 1 (H1), P Value in this �inding is below 0.05 which has value of 0.000 and has T value is bigger than 1.96 which has the value of 50.358 which means that H1 is acceptable. This �inding interprets that the higher the e-service quality will give the signi�icant impact on the E- Satisfaction from the users. This �inding aligns with the research by Haq & Awan, (2020) and Raza et al., (2020) that the better the E-Service Quality is the greater it will impact on the customer satisfaction. In the internet banking service, this is also aligning with the study from Ghane et al., (2011) which state that service quality has signi�icant role with the internet banking user", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 92 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 71, "top": 44, "width": 290, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "International Journal of Business Studies Vol. 8 No. 1 (February 2024)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 98, "width": 216, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "satisfaction. Thus, it becomes evident that the quality of e-service in BTN Mobile can give a signi�icant impact on BTN customer satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 158, "width": 216, "height": 160, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Outer loadings represent the strength of the relationship between each indicator and its latent variable. In the table 4.11, the highest value of outer loading is lied on the User Interface. If we look deeper from the indicators from the table 4.10, it is shown that the highest value from the User Interface’s indicator is UI3 which stated that BTN Mobile Banking’s interface is easy to learn. This result can be a good point to maintain as the easiness of the UI can give signi�icant impact to the user’s preference.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 338, "width": 216, "height": 220, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "On the other hand, the lowest outer loading in this research is lied on the Personal Needs, although that the average score of respondents is still high, but it can be the consideration to develop. If we look closer from the construct �irst model in the Table 4.10, PN1 and PN2 is in the lowest ranking. Looking forward from the operationalization in the Table 3.1, PN1 is represent the safeness of the users when making transaction and PN2 is represent the user’s contentment of their personal need when using BTN Mobile Application. This can be a good consideration that safety and personalization in the BTN Mobile Banking can be a room for improvement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 578, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2: E-Service Quality have signi�icant impact to user loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 608, "width": 216, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the hypothesis 2, the P value is 0.000 which are below 0.5. The t-value is 2.071 which considered as accepted. This �inding shows that if the ESQ is high, it would signi�icantly impact on the user", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 98, "width": 216, "height": 100, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "loyalty. This �inding aligns with study from Amin (2016) and Ali Raza et al., (2020) stated that the higher the ESQ, the higher it would be also for the loyalty in the mobile. This can be considered as the evident that the quality of e-service in BTN Mobile can give a signi�icant impact on BTN user’s loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 218, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H3: E-Customer Satisfaction has a signi�icant impact on user loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 248, "width": 216, "height": 130, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In the hypothesis 3, the P value is 0.000 which are below 0.5. The t-value is 5.257 which considered as accepted. This �inding also supported by the research from Zeithaml et al., Agyapong & Ghana, Leonnard (2019) and other previous researcher that customer satisfaction is impacted on the loyalty. This can be considered as the evident that the Customer Satisfaction in BTN Mobile can give a signi�icant impact on BTN user’s loyalty.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 398, "width": 60, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "CONCLUSION", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 308, "top": 413, "width": 216, "height": 220, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "In this research, we found that the mobile banking industry is shaped by a multi factors that can make customers or users engage with the mobile banking. Among this factors, e-service quality emerges as the signi�icant motor to demonstrating impact on in�luencing e- satisfaction and loyalty. This can be seen as the statistical result shown that the hypothesis 1 is acceptable. H2 and H3 also shown as the acceptable hypothesis because all of them give result below 0.05 for the P value and T value is bigger than 1.96. Based on the statistic result testing that have been carried in the previous chapter, several conclusions are obtained to answer the hypothesis as follows:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 638, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Based on the demographic analysis, it is shown that 65% users taken from 103", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 287, "top": 783, "width": 22, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "- 93 -", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 101, "top": 44, "width": 423, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Benedicta Samantha Easterina, Leonnard Ong / The Impact of e-Service Quality on e-Satisfaction and Loyalty in BTN Mobile: In the Evidence of BTN Mobile Banking Users in JABODETABEK / 85 - 95", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 89, "top": 98, "width": 95, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "respondents are male.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 113, "width": 216, "height": 55, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Based on the domicile, 58% users of BTN Mobile is coming from Jakarta, following with 13% users coming from Tangerang, 11% coming from Bekasi, 10% coming from Depok,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 89, "top": 173, "width": 133, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "and 1% from South Tangerang.", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 71, "top": 188, "width": 216, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Based on the statistical analysis, E-Service", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 326, "top": 98, "width": 198, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Quality has signi�icant impact on E- satisfaction.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 308, "top": 128, "width": 216, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Based on the statistical analysis, E-Service Quality have signi�icant impact to user Loyalty.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 308, "top": 158, "width": 216, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Based on the statistical analysis, E-Customer Satisfaction has signi�icant impact on User Loyalty.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 293, "width": 367, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hutabarat, R. (2010). Mobile Banking Security Analysis Based WAP. Jurnal Ilmiah, 1 (2) Lastiansah, Pengertian User Interface (UI). PT Elex Media Komputindo, 2012", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 323, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hsin Hsin Chang, Yao-Hua Wang & Wen-Ying Yang (2009) The impact of eservice quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty on e-marketing: Moderating effect of perceived value, Total Quality Management, 20 :4, 423-443, DOI: 10.1080/14783360902781923", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 71, "top": 368, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Leonnard (2019) ‘Exploring the Relationship among E-service Quality, E-trust, E-satisfaction and Loyalty at Higher Education Institutions’, Journal on Ef�iciency and Responsibility in Education and Science, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 103-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/ eriesj.2019.120401", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 413, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ghane, S. O. H. 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Journal of Theoretical and Applied Information Technology, 33 (1), 1-6", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 458, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Carmel Herington, Scott Weaven, (2009) \"E-retailing by banks: e-service quality and its importance to customer satisfaction\", European Journal of Marketing , Vol. 43 Issue: 9/10, pp.1220-1231", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 488, "width": 454, "height": 25, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Muslim Amin, (2016), \"Internet banking service quality and its implication on e-customer satisfaction and e-customer loyalty\", International Journal of Bank Marketing , Vol. 34 Iss 3 pp. 280 – 306", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 71, "top": 518, "width": 454, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Van Tonder, E., Petzer, D.J., van Vuuren, N. and De Beer, L.T. 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80618194-892f-d814-e740-f8754ccf74b3

https://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/persona/article/download/9514/6563

[ { "left": 75, "top": 26, "width": 144, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 75, "top": 38, "width": 166, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 50, "width": 202, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "DOI: https://doi.org/10.30996/persona.v12i1.9514 Website: http://jurnal.untag-sby.ac.id/index.php/persona", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 411, "top": 26, "width": 110, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023 Hal. 69-84", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 79, "top": 786, "width": 146, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 366, "top": 787, "width": 153, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 295, "top": 789, "width": 14, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "53", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 93, "top": 88, "width": 412, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 75, "top": 133, "width": 449, "height": 26, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support and job insecurity with change engagement in employees of State-Owned Enterprises: Testing the mediating role of self-efficacy", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 245, "top": 178, "width": 105, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa*", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 192, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair , Jl. Airlangga 4-6, Jawa Timur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 275, "top": 204, "width": 47, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fajrianthi", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 218, "width": 370, "height": 10, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair, Jl. Airlangga 4-6, Jawa Timur", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 231, "width": 37, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sami’an", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 245, "width": 370, "height": 23, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Airlangga, Kampus B Unair, Jl. Airlangga 4-6, Jawa Timur *E-mail: [email protected]", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 278, "top": 287, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstract", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 301, "width": 453, "height": 132, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "This writing aims to find out whether there is a correlation between perceived supervisor support and job insecurity on change engagement and self-efficacy as a mediator variable for Indonesian BUMN employees. This research involved 351 employees of state-owned companies who were determined using accidental sampling techniques. The research instrument used four scales, namely the Change Engagement Scale, the short version of the Scale of Perceived Supervisor Support (SPSS), the short version of the Job Insecurity Scale (JIS), and the Occupational Self Efficacy Short Version Scale. Data analysis in this writing uses path analysis using Jamovi. Based on the results of data analysis, there is a direct and indirect influence between perceived supervisor support on change engagement through self-efficacy, but there is no significant direct or indirect influence of job insecurity on change engagement through self-efficacy. The results of this research can be a reference for companies, especially BUMN regarding the importance of change engagement and other factors in intervening in organizations and employees.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 435, "width": 452, "height": 22, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: State-Owned Enterprises; Change Engagement; Job Insecurity; Perceived Supervisor Support; Self- Efficacy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 280, "top": 471, "width": 41, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Abstrak", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 485, "width": 456, "height": 156, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat korelasi antara perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator karyawan BUMN Indonesia. Penelitian ini melibatkan 351 karyawan perusahaan BUMN yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik accidental sampling . Instrumen penelitian menggunakan empat skala yaitu skala Change Engagement Scale, Scale of Perceived Supervisor Support (SPSS) short version, Job Insecurity Scale (JIS) short version, dan Occupational Self Efficacy Short Version Scale. Analisis data pada penulisan ini menggunakan analisis jalur (path analysis) dengan menggunakan Jamovi. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung antara perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement melalui self-efficacy namun tidak terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung yang signifikan job insecurity terhadap change engagement melalui self-efficacy. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi rujukan bagi perusahaan, khususnya BUMN mengenai pentingnya change engagement dan faktor lainnya dalam melakukan intervensi pada organisasi dan karyawan. Kata kunci: Badan Usaha Milik Negara; Change Engagement; Job Insecurity; Perceived Supervisor Support; Self- Efficacy.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 77, "top": 680, "width": 410, "height": 45, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024. Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an Received:2023-08-28 Revised:2024-03-08 Accepted:2024-03-15 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 145, "top": 725, "width": 28, "height": 11, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "License", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 70", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 72, "height": 12, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 98, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Organisasi saat ini kebanyakan beroperasi untuk menghadapi segala bentuk perubahan dengan berbagai konteks yang berbeda. Albrecht dkk. (2021) mengemukakan saat ini industri maupun organisasi menghadapi new world of work, hal ini berkaitan dengan perubahan cara kerja yang didorong dari berbagai dampak dari adanya Covid-19, climate change, perubahan dalam pasar global, kompetisi global yang semakin ketat, serta kemajuan dan tuntutan dalam menguasai informasi teknologi, perubahan dari segi regulasi pemerintah hingga perubahan pada ekspektasi yang dimiliki karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 215, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penting untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor apa saja yang dapat memengaruhi sikap positif karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan di organisasi (Straatmann dkk., 2016). Pada era new world of work salah satu aspek yang sangat penting yaitu berkaitan dengan employee engagement dan juga organizational related attitude to change. Albrecht dkk. (2021) mengemukakan bahwa employee engagement dan attitude to change ini selalu dikaji secara terpisah padahal kedua aspek ini merupakan aspek yang sangat kritis dalam memastikan perubahan dalam organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 333, "width": 454, "height": 114, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Albrecht (2021)kemudian mengembangkan penulisan terkait dengan integrasi antara employee engagement dan organizational related attitude to change yang disebut dengan change engagement. Change engagement merupakan salah satu konstruk yang menggambarkan mengenai positive attitude yang melibatkan adanya motivasi dan intensi yang dimiliki individu ketika menghadapi perubahan di lingkup pekerjaan. Selain adanya dorongan individu juga siap secara aktif dan positif untuk terlibat dalam perubahan di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 451, "width": 454, "height": 265, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Change engagement juga menjadi salah satu konstruk yang relatif baru dan memiliki potensi berbeda dengan penulisan sebelumnya seperti yang mengkaji mengenai attitude karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan seperti acceptance of change Iverson (1996), openness to change Wanberg dan Banas (2000) readiness for change Holt dkk., (2007), dan affective commitment to change Herscovitch dan Meyer (2002). Perbedaan tersebut terdiri atas (a) change engagement lebih dipandang sebagai positive attitudes yang mampu mendorong motivasi yang dipercaya lebih besar dampaknya bagi individu dan bersifat lebih aktif, (b) change engagement lebih dari sekedar attitude atau psychological reaction terhadap perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi namun juga terdapat unsur motivasi intrinsik (dari dalam diri individu) yang mampu menggerakkan individu untuk terlibat lebih aktif pada perubahan, (c) change engagement dianggap lebih agentic atau lebih mampu mendorong hal yang baru dan bersifat proaktif dalam menghadapi perubahan serta keterlibatan individu dalam perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi dibandingkan konstruk sebelumnya , (d) change engagement dianggap lebih melibatkan high-arousal atau memiliki intensitas yang lebih besar dalam rangka melakukan sesuatu atau kegiatan yang bersifat kompleks pada perubahan organisasi (Albrecht, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 721, "width": 454, "height": 46, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebuah lembaga survei PWC (2022) mengumpulkan data bahwa sebanyak 71% pekerja di Kawasan Asia Pasifik termasuk di Indonesia memiliki niat untuk pindah pekerjaan dengan alasan hendak mencari pengalaman baru, tidak merasa puas dengan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 71", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 146, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "pekerjaan saat ini dimana indikasi ini menunjukkan angka engagement pada pekerjaan maupun perubahan di organisasi semakin menurut. Survei ini juga didukung dari data Gallup (2022) bahwa Indonesia memiliki keterikatan/ engagement pada pekerjaan sebesar 24% dan nilai tersebut masih lebih rendah dari tiga negara lainnya di Asia Tenggara seperti Filipina, Thailand, dan Kamboja. Keterikatan atau engagement pada perubahan organisasi mendorong beberapa hal yang penting seperti melibatkan karyawan dalam proses pembuatan keputusan, memahami career path atau jalur karir, meningkatkan adanya kepuasan personal dalam bekerja dan membantu organisasi dalam mencapai tujuan, dan tentu mencapai produktivitas dan kinerja terbaik pada organisasi (Blomqvist, 2017).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 454, "height": 181, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Aspek kedua yaitu berkaitan dengan change psychological safety berkaitan dengan perasaan yang dimiliki seseorang ketika mereka merasa dapat menjadi diri mereka sendiri tanpa memiliki kekhawatiran atau ketakutan atas konsekuensi negatif mengenai image, status, dan kariernya (Kahn, 1990). Dijelaskan dari penulisan Albrecht dkk. (2020)bahwa ketika seseorang memiliki rasa aman terhadap dirinya akan memengaruhi dorongan yang dimiliki untuk secara aktif berpartisipasi dalam perubahan di organisasi. Terakhir yang juga merupakan salah satu variabel dalam penulisan ini yaitu terkait self-efficacy bahwa menurut personal resources termasuk di dalamnya adalah self-efficacy merupakan salah satu konstruk yang menjelaskan ketika seseorang memiliki kepercayaan diri akan berpengaruh terhadap perilakunya untuk menghadapi berbagai situasi perubahan dalam lingkungannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 412, "width": 454, "height": 349, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Subjek dari penulisan ini dilakukan pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) dan para karyawan anak perusahaan BUMN. Alasan pemilihan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh Media Internal Kementerian BUMN (2021) ditemukan bahwa dalam masa pandemi dan pasca pandemi transformasi yang dihadapi oleh BUMN berada dalam situasi yang penuh tantangan. Terdapat beberapa perubahan secara makro seperti adanya penyatuan Bank Syariah milik BUMN menjadi Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI), holdingisasi BUMN Ultra Mikro, Pembentukan Holding pariwisata dan pendukung, merger BUMN Pelindo, dll. Tantangan dalam melawan pandemi Covid-19 dan beranjaknya ke masa pasca-pandemi juga menjadi suatu tantangan yang dihadapi. Beberapa di BUMN Indonesia tentunya ada yang berada pada kondisi yang tidak sehat. Sehingga dari hal tersebut beberapa BUMN melakukan restrukturisasi dilansir dari Irawati (2024) seperti PT Amarta Karya (Persero), PT Barata Indonesia (Persero), PT Boma Bisma Indra (Persero), PT Djakarta Llyod (Persero), dan PT Dok dan Perkapalan Kodja Bahari (Persero), PT Dok dan Perkapalan Surabaya (Persero), PT Industri Kapal Indonesia (Persero), PT Indah Karya (Persero), PT Industri Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero), PT Semen Kupang (Persero), PT Pengusahaan Daerah Industri Pulau Batam (Persero), Perum Percetakan Negara Republik Indonesia (PNRI), PT Primissima (Persero), dan PT Varuna Tirta Prakasya (Persero). Dilakukan restrukturisasi pada perusahaan-perusahaan tersebut guna merumuskan strategi penyelesaian terbaik terhadap masing-masing persoalan yang dihadapi guna meningkatkan signifikansi perusahaan, keunggulan kompetitif, memperbaiki persepsi pasar, serta meningkatkan kinerja keuangan yang ada.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 72", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 214, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pemilihan subjek penelitian yaitu karyawan BUMN dan anak perusahaan BUMN didasarkan pada rancangan Proyek Strategis Nasional (PSN) dimana menurut informasi terbaru dari CNN Indonesia (2023)terbaru daftar PSN yang disahkan oleh Presiden RI Joko Widodo. Pada perubahan yang terjadi di perusahaan BUMN ini tentu mendorong perusahaan BUMN untuk dapat mencapai perubahan secara aktif. Change engagement ini dibentuk dari beberapa faktor sesuai dengan Change Engagement Model (CEM) yaitu adanya change related job resources, change related job demand, change related personal resources dengan change engagement sebagai output. Change related job resources ini dipastikan dapat membentuk change engagement karena dalam prosesnya terdapat sumber daya berupa informasi terkait dengan perubahan, otonomi atau kebebasan individu dalam pengambilan keputusan, dukungan dari atasan, dan juga kesempatan dalam mengembangkan diri dan karir. Salah satu konstruk yang dapat menjelaskan bentuk dari change related job resources yaitu perceived supervisor support (PSS).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Eisenberger, dkk. (1986) menjelaskan bahwa PSS merupakan sejauh mana supervisor atau atasan dapat menghargai dan menilai setiap kontribusi karyawan serta adanya kepedulian terhadap kesejahteraan dari karyawannya. Change related job resources ini dapat memengaruhi attitude dan motivasi karyawan pada level pekerjaannya. Hal ini dapat diperoleh dari dukungan psikologis, fisik, teknologi, informasi, finansial, dan social support termasuk di dalamnya adalah supervisor support.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 395, "width": 454, "height": 180, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada CEM juga menjelaskan mengenai change related job demand merupakan aspek intelektual, fisik, psikologis, hingga respon secara sosial yang dialami dan dibutuhkan karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan dan hal tersebut dapat mengurasi energi dari individu. Salah satu bentuk change related job demand yang dijelaskan oleh yaitu job insecurity. Greenhalgh dan Rosenblatt (1984)mengemukakan bahwa job insecurity merupakan bentuk ketidakberdayaan individu untuk mempertahankan kelanjutan pekerjaan karena adanya ancaman berupa perubahan di suatu pekerjaan. Penulisan dilakukan oleh Rafferty dkk. (2013)menemukan bahwa job insecurity dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap employee attitude to change, ketika individu menghadapi situasi insecure atau ketidakberdayaan mereka akan cenderung merespon secara negatif dan cenderung disengaged dengan perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 580, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada CEM change related job resources dan change related job demands pada dasarnya dapat memengaruhi change engagement dengan direct effect maupun indirect effect (Albrecht dkk. 2020) . Hal ini karena dipengaruhi oleh konstruk change related specific personal resources terlebih dahulu. Change related job resources ini berkaitan dengan aspek psikologis yang bertahan lama atau dikategorikan sebagai mindset, psychological state yang mampu memengaruhi kemampuan individu dalam menghadapi dan beradaptasi pada perubahan di tempat kerja.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 698, "width": 454, "height": 63, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu change related personal resources yang dijelaskan oleh CEM yaitu psychological capital, dimana psychological capital terdiri atas beberapa aspek yaitu hope, optimism, resilience, dan self-efficacy. Penulisan sebelumnya yang dilakukan oleh Hicks dan Knies (2015) yang mencoba untuk menentukan keterkaitan atau pengaruh psychological", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 73", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "capital terhadap attitude dan reaction dari karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan. Diperoleh hasil penulisan yaitu change-related self-efficacy memiliki keterkaitan langsung terhadap attitude to change dari karyawan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 454, "height": 130, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Self-efficacy menurut Stajkovic dan Luthans (1998) merupakan belief, aspek motivational yang dimiliki oleh individu mengenai kemampuan untuk dapat memobilisasi motivasi yang dimiliki, sumber daya kognitif, dan tindakan yang diperlukan agar dapat mencapai keberhasilan dalam melaksanakan tugas yang diberikan. Self-efficacy menjadi salah satu aspek yang dapat memengaruhi change engagement karena sumber daya yang dimiliki berupa pengelolaan motivasi, kemampuan kognitif yang memadai dapat mendorong inisiatif dan keterlibatan individu untuk menghadapi perubahan dengan lebih aktif, positif, dan efektif (Albrecht, 2021).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penulisan lainnya yang mengaitkan self-efficacy sebagai mediator dari job insecurity terhadap engagement karyawan dilakukan oleh Etehadi dan Karatepe (2019) job insecurity ini memengaruhi self-efficacy individu disebabkan karena adanya kekhawatiran yang dimiliki oleh individu mengenai kemampuannya. Ketika individu merasa tidak aman terkait dengan pekerjaannya akan menyebabkan adanya emotional exhaustion atau kelelahan secara emosional hingga mengalami stres.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 361, "width": 454, "height": 164, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Guarnaccia, dkk. (2018) juga pada penulisannya menjelaskan bahwa occupational self-efficacy dapat memediasi pengaruh job insecurity dan engagement dari karyawan, kesehatan karyawan hingga kepuasan kerja dari karyawan. Bandura dan Wessels (1994) menjelaskan bahwa self-efficacy ini didefinisikan sebagai keyakinan individu terkait dengan kemampuan mereka menghasilkan kinerja terbaik dan merupakan salah satu personal resources yang efektif. Beberapa penulisan juga telah menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy ini berperan sebagai buffer/ penghalang dalam hubungan stressor-strain atau dengan kata lain ketika individu memiliki job insecurity yang tinggi, setidaknya self-efficacy mampu menegosiasi tingkat insecurity itu untuk dapat mempertahankan engagement yang stabil pada karyawan .", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 530, "width": 454, "height": 180, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis akhirnya berangkat dari teori CEM tersebut untuk mencari faktor apa saja yang dapat membentuk change engagement. Oleh karena itu aspek seperti adanya perceived supervisor support sebagai change related job resources yang dapat memengaruhi persepsi karyawan terkait dukungan dari atasan dalam menghadapi perubahan (Albrecht dkk, 2020). Adanya job insecurity yang berkaitan dengan change related job demands berkaitan dengan tuntutan yang dihadapi karyawan khususnya dalam konteks perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi. Serta adanya self-efficacy sebagai change related personal resources yang berkaitan dengan keyakinan internal individu dalam menghadapi segala bentuk tantangan dalam hal ini tantangan dalam menghadapi perubahan sebagai mediator dari change related job resources dan job demands terhadap change engagement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 715, "width": 447, "height": 46, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Oleh karena itu, dampak dari adanya perceived supervisor support, adanya job insecurity dan self-efficacy sebagai mediator dapat memengaruhi change engagement dari karyawan. Change engagement ini tidak hanya diperlukan untuk organisasi, namun juga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 74", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 446, "height": 45, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dibutuhkan oleh sumber daya manusia yang ada di dalamnya karena dapat memengaruhi output dari perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi serta berdampak pada kinerja individu di sebuah perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 449, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pertanyaan penelitian ini yaitu terdiri dari 4 pertanyaan penelitian yaitu terdapat pengaruh langsung dan positif perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement, kedua yaitu terdapat pengaruh langsung dan negatif job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Ketiga yaitu terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung dan positif perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Terakhir yaitu terdapat pengaruh tidak langsung dan negatif job insecurity terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 260, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Metode", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 36, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Desain", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian in menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Khusus pada penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian deduktif yang bertujuan untuk menguji hipotesis khususnya dalam kontes pengaruh dari perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement dengan self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Responden yang dilibatkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu 1) Karyawan aktif 2) Bekerja sebagai karyawan dalam perusahaan BUMN atau anak perusahaan BUMN di Indonesia 3) Terlibat dalam proses perubahan yang terjadi di perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 45, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Prosedur", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 445, "width": 454, "height": 181, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data dalam penulisan ini dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Kuesioner disebarkan secara online sejak tanggal 4 Maret 2023 – 25 Maret 2023. Adapun data yang dikumpulkan yaitu sebanyak 351 subjek. Seluruh variabel dalam penulisan ini diukur dengan skala yang telah diuji secara valid. Pada variabel change engagement dilakukan uji validitas isi terlebih dahulu untuk memastikan skala valid digunakan pada populasi di Indonesia. Seluruh skala telah diuji coba terlebih dahulu pada 40 karyawan dengan karakteristik yang serupa. Seluruh skala menggunakan skala Likert dengan rentang skor 1 – 5 (Sangat Tidak Sesuai) hingga (Sangat Sesuai). Penelitian ini juga tetap mengedepankan adanya informed consent untuk memastikan bahwa seluruh subjek yang mengisi form penelitian telah consented atau bersedia untuk dijadikan subjek penelitian serta informasi yang diperoleh penulis seutuhnya digunakan untuk keperluan penelitian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 648, "width": 54, "height": 12, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Instrumen", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 664, "width": 454, "height": 97, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala change engagement menggunakan skala yang telah diadopsi dari skala Albrecht, dkk. (2021) yang terdiri atas dua dimensi yaitu energy dan active involvement skala ini memiliki skor standardized loading factor sebesar 0,80 dengan uji reliabilitas memperoleh skor Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,86. Skala untuk perceived supervisor support menggunakan skala miliki Eisenberger, dkk. (2002) yang telah dimodifikasi pada subjek di Indonesia. Terdapat tiga dimensi yaitu kepedulian terhadap tujuan karyawan, kepedulian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 75", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 45, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "terhadap kesejahteraan karyawan, dan perhatian terhadap karyawan. Skala ini memiliki skor standardized loading factor sebesar 0,80 dengan uji reliabilitas memperoleh skor Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,86.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 125, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Skala job insecurity ini menggunakan Job Insecurity Scale (JIS) yang telah dimodifikasi oleh De Witter, dkk. (2014) yang terdiri atas tiga dimensi yaitu threat of losing job, importance of job, dan powerlessness to maintain job. Skala ini memiliki nilai standardized loading factor sebesar 0,68 dan Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,78. Skala dari self- efficacy ini menggunakan skala Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale yang dikembangkan oleh Rigotti, dkk. (2008) dan terdiri atas tiga dimensi yaitu tingkat kesulitan tugas ( level ), tingkat kekuatan ( strength ), dan situasi dan bidang tugas ( generality ) yang dikembangkan oleh Bandura (1997). Skala ini memiliki standardized loading factor sebesar 0,80 dengan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,90.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 454, "height": 62, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Terdapat beberapa penulisan sebelumnya yang menjelaskan adanya pengaruh dari variabel karakteristik individu dalam change engagement. Maka dari itu penulis melakukan uji analisis pada variabel kontrol dan ditemukan adanya pengaruh dari jenis kelamin dan status kerja sebagai variabel kontrol dalam penulisan ini.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 361, "width": 69, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Analisis Data", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 378, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Data penelitian ini didapatkan dari survei online dan selanjutnya diolah menggunakan analisis regresi dengan menggunakan Jamovi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 429, "width": 30, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 443, "width": 454, "height": 80, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Seperti tersaji pada Tabel 1, pada variabel change engagement memiliki 6 total aitem dengan skor tertinggi yaitu skor 30, skor tertendah sebesar 4. Nilai mean yang diperoleh sebesar 4,24 dengan nilai standar deviasi (SD) sebesar 0,62. Pada variabel perceived supervisor support jumlah aitem yaitu sebanyakan 20. Mean dari skor yaitu sebesar 4,24 dan SD sebesar 0,62.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 527, "width": 40, "height": 12, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 1", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 542, "width": 413, "height": 116, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil Analisis Deskriptif Variabel Mean SD Change Engagement 4,24 0,62 Perceived Supervisor Support 3,88 0,90 Job Insecurity 2,60 0,75 Self-Efficacy 4,29 0,57 Usia 32,0 8,48 Masa Kerja 7,56 6,98", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 673, "width": 454, "height": 79, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada variabel job insecurity jumlah aitem dan juga nilai terendah yaitu sebesar 4 dengan nilai tertinggi sebesar 20. Sedangkan skor mean dari variabel job insecurity sebesar 2,60 dengan SD sebesar 0,75. Terakhir yaitu variabel self-efficacy dengan jumlah aitem 6 dan nilai terendah yaitu 6 sedangkan nilai tertinggi yaitu 30. Mean yang diperoleh sebesar 4,29 dan SD sebesar 0,57. Variabel demografi dalam penulisan ini yaitu mean dari usia yaitu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 76", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "32 dengan SD 8,48 sedangkan untuk masa kerja dengan mean yaitu 7,56 dan SD sebesar 6,98.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Mean, standar deviasi dan koefisien korelasi pada penulisan ini dapat dilihat pada tabel di bawah. Diperoleh adanya korelasi yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin dan juga status kerja di mana diperoleh nilai korelasi pada jenis kelamin laki-laki dan status kerja karyawan tetap yaitu ( r = 0,045 < 0,05). Sehingga berdasarkan hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa terdapat nilai korelasi yang signifikan dari jenis kelamin dan juga status kerja sehingga perlu dilakukan uji analisis pada kedua variabel kovariat tersebut untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap variabel change engagement.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 454, "height": 46, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan uji analisis regresi ( path analysis ) dengan menggunakan Jamovi untuk menguji efek mediasi dari self-efficacy dari variabel perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity. Hasil ini menunjukkan:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 277, "width": 171, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1 Pengaruh Langsung X terhadap Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 552, "width": 454, "height": 150, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dari hasil pengujian di atas menunjukkan bahwa koefisien beta (  ) antara pengujian pengaruh secara langsung ke pengaruh tidak langsung perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement naik dari 0,39 menjadi 0,53 maka dapat dipastikan terjadi pengaruh mediasi. Adapun nilai R 2 pada uji pengaruh langsung perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement yaitu sebesar 0,96 atau besaran jumlah pengaruh X terhadap change engagement sebesar 96% secara langsung. Bentuk mediasi dapat diketahui dengan melihat tingkat signifikansi atau nilai p pengaruh perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement, nilai p yaitu sebesar 0,00 yang berarti terdapat pengaruh mediasi parsial.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 77", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 51, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 2", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 89, "width": 274, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh Langsung dan Tidak Langsung X terhadap Y", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 316, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengaruh perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement memiliki nilai p signifikan 0,00 (0,00 < 0,05) sehingga hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy memediasi sebagian ( partial mediation ) pengaruh perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement. Kemudian untuk job insecurity terhadap change engagement memiliki nilai p (0,42>0,05) sehingga hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy tidak memediasi pengaruh job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Dengan demikian hipotesis yang menyatakan self-efficacy memediasi pengaruh perceived supervisor support diterima atau H3 didukung oleh data namun self-efficacy tidak memediasi pengaruh job insecurity terhadap change engagement atau dengan kata lain H4 tidak didukung oleh data.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 454, "height": 62, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini dilakukan guna mengetahui dampak mediasi self-efficacy pada perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Berdasarkan pengujian hipotesis yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya, maka hasil pengujian tersebut dapat diringkas sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 552, "width": 123, "height": 12, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tabel 2 Hasil Pengujian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 564, "width": 442, "height": 163, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Koefisien Beta (  ) P-values PSS → CE 0,39 0,00 JI → CE 0,01 0,42 SE → CE PSS → SE → CE JI → SE → CE 0,52 0,53 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,71 Jenis Kelamin (1) → CE 0,64 0,00 Status Kerja Kerja (1) → CE 0,56 0,00 Keterangan: PSS ( perceived supervisor support ), JI ( job insecurity ), SE ( self-efficacy ), CE ( change engagement ), Jenis Kelamin 1: Laki-laki, 2: Perempuan, Status Kerja 1: Karyawan Tetap, 2: Karyawan Non-Tetap", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 78", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 73, "height": 12, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 98, "width": 454, "height": 214, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan change engagement model yang dijelaskan oleh Albrecht, dkk. (2020) bahwa change related personal resources memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung terhadap change engagement dan diperoleh hasil yang signifikan bahwa perceived supervisor support memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung dengan mediasi self- efficacy yaitu signifikan. Hal ini sejalan dengan change engagement model (CEM) yang dikemukakan oleh Albrecht (2021) bahwa perceived supervisor support sebagai change related job resources mampu memberikan pengaruh langsung terhadap change engagement karena dengan adanya personal resources, individu akan berupaya untuk dapat memperluas pemikiran dan tindakan yang dimiliki untuk menghasilkan penerimaan terhadap perubahan dengan cara yang lebih aktif dan efektif. Termasuk di dalamnya yaitu pengaruh perceived supervisor support. Ketika individu merasa bahwa pemimpinnya mampu memberikan dukungan secara optimal di berbagai aspek akan memengaruhi partisipasi dan antusias individu dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 317, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal ini juga dijelaskan dari penelitian Elias dan Mittal (2011) menjelaskan mengenai peran dari supervisor support dalam konteks perubahan dapat meningkatkan inisiatif dari karyawan untuk dapat engage dalam perubahan. Dikemukakan ketika individu memiliki persepsi yang positif terkait dengan dukungan organisasi dan dukungan atasannya karyawan akan memiliki respon dan attitude yang positif terhadap organisasinya termasuk di dalamnya yaitu engagement dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 418, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penjelasan di atas disebabkan karena persepsi positif ini dibangun karena karyawan merasakan bahwa pemimpin di organisasi peduli terhadap karyawan serta menghargai usaha yang dikeluarkan oleh karyawan. Selain meningkatkan adanya engagement dalam perubahan juga mendorong adanya affective attachment terhadap pekerjaannya. Hal tersebut juga didukung oleh penulisan yang dilakukan oleh Beer (2021) bahwa ketika karyawan memiliki persepsi positif terhadap dukungan dari atasannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 519, "width": 454, "height": 147, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal tersebut dapat dicapai dengan adanya organizational direction yang jelas di awal. Tujuan perubahan yang dapat diinformasikan kepada karyawan. Dukungan tersebut secara konsisten akan memengaruhi kepercayaan dan persepsi positif karyawan untuk dapat terlibat dalam mendukung strategi dari organisasi, memotivasi karyawan hingga memastikan agar seluruh stakeholders dalam organisasi tidak terhambat dalam menjalankan perubahan serta memastikan seluruhnya mencapai kesuksesan. Hasil penelitian ini juga didukung oleh penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Schneider, dkk. (2017) bahwa adanya dukungan dari atasan kepada karyawan secara signifikan memengaruhi keterlibatan individu daripada pengaruh dari karakteristik pekerjaan itu sendiri.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 670, "width": 447, "height": 97, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat dikatakan bahwa karyawan BUMN yang memiliki interaksi dengan positif serta memperoleh dukungan yang optimal dari atasannya dapat memengaruhi change engagement karyawan secara signifikan. Hal ini juga didukung dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan Albrecht, dkk. (2018) bahwa ketika karyawan dapat memperoleh kesempatan untuk berpartisipasi dalam menjalankan dan mengeksekusi perubahan dalam organisasi, kesempatan untuk belajar dan juga mengembangkan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 79", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 445, "height": 29, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "kemampuan karyawan ini juga berpengaruh secara positif terhadap change engagement dari karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 108, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Adapun peran mediasi dari self-efficacy Hal ini dijelaskan oleh Albrecht (2021)bahwa dukungan dari atasan bagi karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan tentunya mendorong motivasi dari karyawan. Salah satu motivasi intrinsik yang memengaruhi engagement karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan yaitu psychological capital. Jimmieson, dkk. (2004)menjelaskan dalam penulisannya bahwa psychological capital yang terdiri atas self- efficacy, optimism, hope, dan resilience memiliki pengaruh terhadap reaksi dan penerimaan karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 226, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil penulisan ini sejalan dengan change engagement model (CEM) yang dijelaskan oleh Albrecht, dkk. (2020)bahwa self-efficacy sebagai change related personal resources ini berkaitan dengan sumber daya yang bertahan lama serta mampu memediasi pengaruh dari perceived supervisor support terhadap change engagement. Hal ini disebabkan karena self-efficacy merupakan salah satu konstruk motivasi yang dapat meningkatkan keterlibatan dari individu untuk dapat terlibat secara aktif dalam perubahan yang terjadi di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 344, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada studi longitudinal yang dilakukan Jimmieson, dkk. (2004) menghasilkan sebuah penelitian bahwa self-efficacy ini memiliki pengaruh terhadap attitude karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan. Hal ini juga dijelaskan oleh Day dan Allen (2004) bahwa dukungan dari atasan akan menumbuhkan adanya self-efficacy dari karyawan. Ketika atasan mampu mendorong adanya self-efficacy hal tersebut kemudian berdampak pada kemampuan serta keterlibatan individu dalam menghadapi perubahan di organisasi (Armenakis, dkk., 1993).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ibrahim, dkk. (2019) dalam penelitiannya mengungkapkan bahwa self-efficacy berperan sebagai aspek motivasional yang kritis, namun hal tersebut juga sangat dipengaruhi ketika karyawan memiliki dukungan dari atasan. Dukungan dari atasan ini kemudian dapat membangun aspek motivasi dan efikasi individu. Ketika individu memiliki keyakinan atas kemampuan dirinya hal ini akan memengaruhi engagement dari karyawan dalam menghadapi berbagai tantangan dalam lingkungan kerjanya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 563, "width": 454, "height": 198, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada penulisan menemukan hasil yang berbeda dengan hipotesis bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung secara signifikan dari job insecurity terhadap change engagement. Berbeda dengan penulisan yang dikemukakan oleh Albrecht, dkk. (2020) bahwa change related job demand dapat memberikan pengaruh langsung terhadap change engagement. Namun penulisan ini berbeda dengan asumsi yang dijelaskan oleh Ashford, dkk. (1989) menjelaskan bahwa pengalaman tersebut justru bukan sebagai bentuk pengaruh terhadap dorongan individu untuk dapat engage terhadap perubahan. Namun job insecurity merupakan sebuah respon negatif yang terjadi ketika individu disengaged terhadap pekerjaannya akibat dari perubahan yang terjadi di tempat kerja. Dhensa-Kahlon, dkk. (2015) juga dalam penulisannya mengemukakan bahwa untuk mencapai powerful engagement process dibutuhkan adanya positive emotional experience di tempat kerja yang diasosiasikan dengan peningkatan engagement in change. Straatmann", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 80", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 113, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dkk. (2016) juga mengemukakan bahwa semakin banyak positive emotional experience yang dilalui individu maka akan semakin mudah untuk mencapai keberhasilan dalam perubahan. Dari Straatmann, dkk. (2016)serta Mathews dan Linski (2016) juga mengungkapkan bahwa positive change-related attitudes lebih berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap keberhasilan dalam perubahan di organisasi dibandingkan change related job demands/negative attitudes to change . Hal ini dikarenakan negative attitude kontraproduktif dengan tujuan akhir dalam mengatasi perubahan secara efektif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 193, "width": 454, "height": 96, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pada hasil penulisan ini juga menunjukkan adanya pengaruh namun tidak signifikan dari variabel job insecurity terhadap self-efficacy. Hal ini dijelaskan dalam penulisan Jimmieson, dkk. (2004) bahwa change related personal resources dalam hal ini self-efficacy memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap employee attitude to change dan self-efficacy lebih banyak dipengaruhi oleh positive attitude dan positive emotional to change dibandingkan change related job demands seperti job insecurity.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 294, "width": 454, "height": 163, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berbeda dengan hasil penulisan ini bahwa job insecurity tidak memengaruhi self- efficacy secara signifikan. Hal ini dapat dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik karyawan BUMN yang tidak menghadapi situasi kecemasan dan kekhawatiran yang berdampak pada self- efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Perbedaan hasil ini juga dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor yang membuat individu tidak memiliki job insecurity yang tinggi seperti yang diteliti oleh Ashford, dkk. (1989)seperti kondisi lingkungan dan organisasi yang mendukung dalam proses perubahan organisasi, karakteristik individu dan jabatan pekerja meliputi aspek budaya, status sosial ekonomi, serta pengalaman kerja. Selain itu karakteristik personal kerja seperti locus of control individu, self-esteem, dan perasaan optimis dari karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 462, "width": 454, "height": 130, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hasil lain dari penulisan ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel demografi yang memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel self-efficacy dan change engagement yaitu jenis kelamin dan status kerja. Ditemukan dari hasil penulisan bahwa jenis kelamin laki-laki berkontribusi lebih besar terhadap change engagement dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Albrecht (2021) dalam penulisannya mengungkapkan bahwa salah satu keterbatasan dalam penulisannya yaitu tidak melibatkan adanya variabel demografi seperti jenis kelamin dan status kerja padahal varibel ini demografi memiliki peranan penting untuk menentukan seberapa besar keterlibatan individu dalam perubahan organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 597, "width": 454, "height": 130, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini menemukan bahwa laki-laki lebih berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap change engagement. Penulisan sebelumnya dilakukan oleh Banihani, dkk. (2013) Bakker, dkk. (2011) menunjukkan bahwa laki-laki secara konstruk lebih mudah untuk melibatkan diri pada perubahan khususnya pada individu yang telah berkeluarga. Hal ini dikarenakan perempuan menghadapi tantangan yang lebih besar untuk melalui hambatan di organisasi seperti struktur, hierarki, budaya, dan ideologi yang dibangun dalam sebuah organisasi menempatkan laki-laki berada dalam posisi yang lebih strategis dan disediakan lebih banyak alternatif dalam menghadapi perubahan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 732, "width": 454, "height": 29, "page_number": 12, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banihani, dkk. (2013)juga mengemukakan bahwa laki-laki juga memiliki kontribusi yang lebih signifikan karena dipengaruhi oleh psychological meaningfullness yang berbeda", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 217, "top": 35, "width": 314, "height": 23, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity dengan change engagement pada karyawan Badan Usaha Milik Negara: Menguji peran mediasi self-efficacy", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 81", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 304, "top": 778, "width": 166, "height": 22, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 454, "height": 163, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "dengan perempuan. Hal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kebanyakan organisasi yang menempatkan karakteristik laki-laki lebih di atas perempuan. Sehingga membuat perempuan merasa kurang bernilai dan kurang berharga di tempat kerja. Hal ini juga didukung oleh Albrecht (2021)bahwa psychological meaningfulness, safety, dan availability merupakan change related personal resources yang dapat memengaruhi change engagement individu. Apabila individu memperoleh change related personal resources yang berbeda tentu akan memengaruhi change engagement individu tersebut. Pada penulisan ini juga menunjukkan hasil lain berupa status kerja dimana karyawan tetap lebih berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap change engagement dibandingkan karyawan non- tetap.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 243, "width": 456, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hal in juga dijelaskan oleh Robbins dan Judge (2017) bahwa faktor yang juga memengaruhi engagement pada karyawan yaitu derajat kepercayaan karyawan bahwa keterlibatannya dalam pekerjaan bermakna. Faktor ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh job characteristics dan akses kepada sumber daya yang memadai untuk bekerja secara efektif. Adapun bentuk dari job characteristics yaitu status kerja, kecocokan antara value karyawan dan value perusahaan serta faktor leadership atau dukungan pimpinan terhadap karyawan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 350, "width": 65, "height": 12, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesimpulan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 373, "width": 456, "height": 282, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Studi ini menguji pengaruh dari perceived supervisor support dan job insecurity terhadap change engagement melalui self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator. Ditemukan hasil penulisan yaitu perceived supervisor support memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung melalui self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator secara signifikan sedangkan berbeda dengan hipotesis dari penulisan bahwa job insecurity memiliki pengaruh langsung dan tidak langsung melalui self-efficacy sebagai variabel mediator namun tidak signifikan. Implikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu memberikan informasi khususnya pada sektor perusahaan bahwa dukungan dari atasan berupa adanya apresiasi, reward (penghargaan), dukungan secara moral maupun materi mampu mendorong adanya otonomi, kemampuan yang efektif dalam membuat keputusan, hingga efektivitas dalam implementasi pada perubahan. Perusahaan perlu mendorong adanya dukungan yang optimal karena hal tersebut secara signifikan dapat memengaruhi keterlibatan individu dalam berpartisipasi pada perubahan yang terjadi. Hal ini sekaligus mendorong adanya produktivitas dari setiap karyawan yang mampu menghasilkan competitive advantage pada perusahaan. Selain itu, penting untuk memastikan individu memiliki dorongan dari dalam dirinya, keyakinan atas kemampuan dirinya dan hal tersebut dapat memediasi peran dari dukungan atasan terhadap karyawan dalam menghadapi perubahan di organisasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 660, "width": 456, "height": 96, "page_number": 13, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulisan ini melibatkan populasi yang luas dan melibatkan latar belakang perusahaan yang berbeda-beda membuat penulisan ini mengabaikan beberapa faktor yang dapat memengaruhi change engagement seperti distal factors. Distal factors merupakan skala makro dan sistem lingkungan kerja yang berbeda-beda di setiap perusahaan tentu dapat memengaruhi change engagement karyawan dengan cara yang berbeda. Selain itu penulisan ini belum sepenuhnya melibatkan seluruh aspek pada change engagement model", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 35, "width": 162, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nurmuliasneny Musa, Fajrianthi, Sami’an", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 416, "top": 35, "width": 110, "height": 11, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Volume 12, No. 1, Juni 2023", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 485, "top": 784, "width": 43, "height": 10, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Page | 82", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 80, "top": 778, "width": 162, "height": 22, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Persona: Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia ISSN. 2301-5985 (Print), 2615-5168 (Online)", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 72, "top": 75, "width": 456, "height": 62, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(CEM) dimana penulisan ini hanya meneliti pada aspek change related job resources, change related job demands, dan change related personal resources namun belum melibatkan aspek change related organizational resources yang juga dapat memberikan gambaran secara komprehensif pada CEM.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 163, "width": 49, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Referensi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 72, "top": 183, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Albrecht, S., Breidahl, E., & Marty, A. (2018). Organizational resources, organizational engagement climate, and employee engagement. Career Development International ,", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 96, "top": 213, "width": 65, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "23 (1), 67 – 85.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 233, "width": 454, "height": 42, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Albrecht, S. L. (2021). Employee engagement and engagement in change: A research agenda. A Research Agenda for Employee Engagement in a Changing World of Work , 155 – 172.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 283, "width": 454, "height": 42, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Albrecht, S. L., Connaughton, S., Foster, K., Furlong, S., & Yeow, C. J. L. (2020). Change engagement, change resources, and change demands: A model for positive employee orientations to organizational change. Frontiers in Psychology , 11 , 531944.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 333, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Armenakis, A. A., Harris, S. G., & Mossholder, K. W. (1993). Creating readiness for organizational change. Human Relations , 46 (6), 681 – 703.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 369, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Ashford, S. J., Lee, C., & Bobko, P. (1989). Content, cause, and consequences of job insecurity: A theory-based measure and substantive test. Academy of Management Journal , 32 (4), 803 – 829.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 419, "width": 454, "height": 41, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2011). Work engagement: Further reflections on the state of play. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology , 20 (1), 74 – 88.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 468, "width": 293, "height": 12, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bandura, A., & Wessels, S. (1994). Self-efficacy (Vol. 4). na.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 72, "top": 489, "width": 454, "height": 27, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Banihani, M., Lewis, P., & Syed, J. (2013). Is work engagement gendered? Gender in Management: An International Journal , 28 (7), 400 – 423.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 72, "top": 524, "width": 454, "height": 48, "page_number": 14, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Beer, M. (2021). Reflections: Towards a normative and actionable theory of planned organizational change and development. Journal of Change Management , 21 (1), 14 – 29. Blomqvist, J. (2017). 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11593315-934a-2469-4a5e-97986702a505

https://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej/article/download/4827/2669

[ { "left": 120, "top": 39, "width": 260, "height": 24, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal Vol 5(2) 2024 : 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 788, "width": 419, "height": 19, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Copyright © 2024 THE AUTHOR(S). This article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license, http://journal.yrpipku.com/index.php/msej", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 86, "width": 428, "height": 29, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sales Strategy Product Quality, Price, Location and Service Quality on Purchasing Decisions Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 129, "width": 428, "height": 30, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi Penjualan Kualitas Produk, Harga, Lokasi Dan Kualitas Pelayanan Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 172, "width": 225, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dwi Astuti 1* , Siti Lamah Nasution 2 , Budi Febriani 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 185, "width": 368, "height": 27, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Labuhanbatu 1,2,3 [email protected] 1 , [email protected] 2 , [email protected] 3", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 226, "width": 86, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "* Corresponding Author", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 253, "width": 45, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRACT", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 265, "width": 428, "height": 146, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "The purpose of this study was to determine how much influence product quality, price, location and service quality have on purchasing decisions for Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu). This study uses a quantitative approach method and the data analysis method used by researchers is the linear regression analysis method. The subject of this research is Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara consumers totaling 60 people. The results of this study indicate that variable X has a significant effect on variable Y partially and simultaneously. The R-square value of the research determination coefficient is 0.926%, which means that the purchase decision (Y) can be explained by the variables of product quality (X1), price (X2), location (X3) and service quality (X4) by 92.60%, and the remaining 7.4% can be explained by other variables not considered in this study. Statistical test calculation results with sig. 0.000. The Fcount value of 172.963 is greater than 2.39 and sig. 0.000 <0.005 indicates that product quality (X1), price (X2), location (X3) and service quality (X4) simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions for Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 411, "width": 345, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keywords: Product Quality, Price, Location, Service Quality and Purchasing Decisions", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 436, "width": 41, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ABSTRAK", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 428, "height": 158, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif dan metode analisis data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah metode analisis regresi linier. Subjek penelitian ini adalah konsumen Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara yang berjumlah 60 orang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel X berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel Y secara parsial dan simultan. Nilai R-square koefisien determinasi penelitian sebesar 0,926% yang berarti keputusan pembelian (Y) dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) sebesar 92,60%, dan sisanya sebesar 7,4% dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak dipertimbangkan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil perhitungan uji statistik dengan sig. 0.000. Nilai F hitung sebesar 172,963 lebih besar dari 2,39 dan sig. 0.000 < 0,005 menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara (Labuhanbatu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 607, "width": 363, "height": 12, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kata Kunci: Kualitas Produk, Harga, Lokasi, Kualitas Pelayanan Dan Keputusan Pembelian.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 632, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pendahuluan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 646, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Bisnis kuliner merupakan salah satu bisnis yang menjanjikan. Peluang bisnis kuliner yang cukup besar terlihat dari tingginya tingkat konsumsi masyarakat, mengingat kebutuhan akan pangan merupakan kebutuhan yang akan selalu dicari oleh setiap individu.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 686, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 1, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu usaha kuliner yang saat ini sedang populer dikalangan warga Labuhanbatu adalah dimsum. Dimsum merupakan menu sarapan khas tionghoa yang biasanya disajikan dengan secangkir teh. Dimsum adalah makanan ringan yang biasanya terbuat dari ayam dan udang dan disajikan dengan cara dikukus Nurbayan dan Juliansyah, 2018 dalam (Putri, 2022) Semakin banyaknya perusahaan kuliner yang didirikan menyebabkan persaingan yang", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4839", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "cukup ketat. Pesatnya perkembangan bisnis makanan yang mendorong para wirausahawan untuk mencari keunikan yang dimilikinya, sehingga dapat menarik hati konsumen, sehingga menuntut para wirausahawan untuk menjadi pesaing yang lebih kompetitif.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 428, "height": 93, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian konsumen adalah kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan. Kualitas pelayanan merupakan suatu bentuk kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan untuk memuaskan kebutuhan konsumen sedemikian rupa sehingga membuat konsumen merasa puas. Selain perlunya kualitas pelayanan yang baik pada setiap perusahaan, perusahaan harus mampu memperoleh keuntungan yang diinginkan melalui keputusan pembelian konsumen. Perusahaan harus dapat menghasilkan produk atau jasa dengan harga yang bersaing di pasar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Salah satu langkah strategis yang penting untuk diperhatikan adalah strategi penetapanharga yang bertujuan untuk menghitung harga jual yang tepat sehingga dapat mencapai tujuan pemasaran yaitu menghasilkan jasa yang ditawarkan dalam arti dapat diterima oleh konsumen harga tersebut dan perusahaan mendapat keuntungan paling besar.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Strategi pemasaran merupakan serangkaian proses yang dilakukan suatu perusahaan dalam kegiatan usahanya untuk mencapai tujuannya. Tujuan perusahaan secara keseluruhan adalah memperoleh keuntungan sebesar-besarnya melalui strategi pemasaran yang mengembangkan kegiatan usahanya (Suarditini et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 428, "height": 94, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kedai dimsum rayyan dirintis sejak tahun 2019, pemilik usaha dimsum rayyan mulai merintis usahanya dengan cara berjualan online lewat aplikasi facebook dan whatsapp. Beliau berkeliling daerah demi mengantarkan pesanan yang di pesan lewat online . Semakin hari semakin banyak peminat dimsum homemade yang dibuatnya maka dibuatlah stand supaya konsumen bisa membeli dimsum rayyan dengan jarak yang lebih dekat dan kapanpun yang diinginkan serta tidak harus menunggu pemilik dimsum rayyan membuka open order secara online.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan latar belakang di atas, maka dilakukannya penelitian dalam judul “STRATEGI PENJUALAN KUALITAS PRODUK, HARGA, LOKASI DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN DIMSUM RAYYAN AEK NABARA (LABUHANBATU)”", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 82, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan Penelitian", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 488, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh strategi penjualan kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian dimsum rayyan aek nabara (Labuhanbatu).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 96, "height": 27, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Tinjauan Pustaka Kualitas Produk", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas produk adalah kualitas yang mencakup upaya untuk memenuhi harapan dan tingkat kualitas fisik yang sesuai dengan kepuasan pelanggan menurut Tjiptono (2012) dalam (Nanda & Talumantak, 2023) serta daya tahan dan keandalan yang dibutuhkan oleh kebutuhan pelanggannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 428, "height": 66, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut The American Society for Quality dalam (S. L. Nasution et al., 2020) kualitas produk adalah atribut suatu produk yang bergantung pada kemampuannya dalam memuaskan kebutuhan pelanggan yang dinyatakan atau diasumsikan. Kualitas produk adalah pernyataan tentang kemampuan dari suatu merek atau produk tertentu dalam menjalankan fungsi yang diharapkan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kotler dan Armstrong, (2012) dalam (Juniarti et al., 2022) menyatakan bahwa kualitas produk adalah segala sesuatu yang ditawarkan ke pasar untuk mendapatkan perhatian, kegunaan dan konsumen yang dapat memuaskan keinginan dan kebutuhan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 744, "width": 392, "height": 13, "page_number": 2, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Orville, Larreche dan Boyd (2005: 422) dalam (S. L. Nasution et al., 2020)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4840", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 169, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "enam indikator kualitas produk yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 429, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bentuk ( estetika ), berkaitan dengan penampilan produk yang dapat dilihat pada penampakan, rasa, bau, dan bentuk produk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 429, "height": 26, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Fitur ( features ), adalah karakteristik produk yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan fungsional produk atau meningkatkan minat konsumen terhadap produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kinerja ( performance ), mengacu pada karakteristik kinerja dasar produk.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Kualitas ( quality ), hasil dari penggunaan ukuran tidak langsung, karena ada kemungkinan konsumen tidak memahami atau kurang informasi mengenai produk yang bersangkutan. Dengan demikian, persepsi konsumen terhadap produk didasarkan padaharga, merek, iklan, reputasi dan negara asal.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Ketahanan ( durability ), berapa lama atau umur produk yang bersangkutan bertahan sebelum produk tersebut harus diganti. Semakin sering konsumen menggunakan produk tersebut, maka semakin besar pula keawetan produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 260, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Keandalan ( reliabilitas ), kemungkinan suatu produk akan atau tidak akan berkinerja memuaskan selama jangka waktu tertentu. Semakin rendah kemungkinan kerusakan,semakin dapat diandalkan produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 29, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga adalah sejumlah uang yang dibayarkan untuk suatu jasa atau nilai yang ditukarkan konsumen untuk kepentingan memiliki atau menggunakan barang atau jasa tersebut. Harga merupakan faktor penting dalam sudut pandang penjualan karena menurut Kotler dan Armstrong (2018:3) harga produk mempengaruhi persepsi konsumen terhadap produk (Safira et al., 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 394, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Dharmmesta, dan Handoko dalam (Suharlina, 2023) harga adalah sejumlah uang yang ditukarkan konsumen untuk menggunakan atau mengonsumsi produk atau jasa tertentu yang memberikan manfaat yang dibutuhkan atau diinginkan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Ghanimata dan Kanali (2015) dalam (Yusra & Nanda, 2020) menyatakan bahwa harga mempunyai hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian. Fluktuasi harga konsumen dapat meningkatkan keputusan pembelian konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Kotler dan Armstrong pada tahun 2016 dalam (Hasibuan et al., 2023) mengemukakan empat metrik yang menggambarkan harga, yaitu 1. Keterjangkauan harga", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 346, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen dapat mencapai harga yang telah ditetapkan oleh perusahaan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 529, "width": 202, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Kesesuaian harga dengan kualitas produk", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Harga sering kali digunakan sebagai indikator kualitas bagi konsumen,karena masyarakat memilih harga yang lebih tinggi antara dua produk karena melihat perbedaan kualitas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 569, "width": 173, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Kesesuaian harga dengan manfaat", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen memutuskan untuk membeli suatu produk apabila manfaat yang diterimanya lebih besar atau sama dengan biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk membeli produk tersebut.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 609, "width": 268, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Harga sesuai dengan kemampuan atau daya saing harga", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 429, "height": 39, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen seringkali membandingkan harga suatu produk dengan produk lainnya. Dalam hal ini ketika membeli suatu produk, konsumen benar-benar mempertimbangkan apakah produk tersebut mahal atau murah.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 31, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 690, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lokasi merupakan keputusan suatu perusahaan untuk mendirikan suatu tempat usaha, menjalankan kegiatan usaha dan menyalurkan barang atau jasa kepada konsumen sebagai bagian dari usahanya. Pentingnya lokasi atau wirausaha sangat mempengaruhi keputusan pasar sasaran dalam menentukan pembelian (Alwi & Mulyono, 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 121, "top": 744, "width": 392, "height": 13, "page_number": 3, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Lupiyoadi, 2006 dalam (Hafidzi et al., 2022) lokasi adalah keputusan suatu", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4841", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 347, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "perusahaan mengenai di mana lokasi operasional dan karyawannya berbeda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Swasta (2016:54) dalam (Al-Ajizah et al., 2022) menyatakan bahwa tempat adalah tempat yang digunakan untuk berusaha atau penataan bentuk-bentuk usaha yang bersifat lebih permanen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Peter j. dan jerry c (2000) dalam (Siahaan et al., 2023) menjelaskan tentang indikator lokasi ada lima yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 46, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Akses.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Misalnya saja akses ke tempat-tempat yang sering anda kunjungi atau yang mudah dijangkau dengan transfortasi.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 62, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Visibilitas.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 220, "width": 341, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Suatu tempat yang dapat dilihat dengan jelas dari jarak pandang normal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 233, "width": 83, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Tempat Parkir.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Tempat parkir yang luas, nyaman dan aman baik untuk kendaraan roda dua maupun roda empat.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 71, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Lingkungan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Lingkungan yaitu sekitaran yang mendukung produk/jasa yang ditawarkan, contohnya pesaing yang berdekatan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 133, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Kompetisi (lokasi pesaing)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sebagai contohnya yaitu dalam menentukan lokasi yang perlu dipertimbangkan apakah dijalan atau daerah yang sama terdapat pesaing lainnya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 367, "width": 89, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas Pelayanan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas pelayanan mengacu pada jumlah layanan yang memerlukan interaksi langsung antara pelanggan dan pengusaha. Perbedaan pelayanan dalam metode pelayanan seringkali tercermin pada sikap dan keterampilan karyawan Lovelock dan Wirtz (2011) dalam (Candra et al., 2023)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 435, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Tjiptono (Rachman, 2017) dalam (Mukti & Aprianti, 2021) Kualitas pelayanan merupakan suatu ukuran yang menunjukkan seberapa baik tingkat pelayanan yang diberikan memenuhi harapan konsumen.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 475, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Supranto (2006) dalam (Imelda Gultom & Alexander Samosir, 2021) kualitas pelayanan merupakan sebuah kata yang bagi penyedia layanan merupakan sesuatu yang harus dilakukan dengan baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 515, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Tjiptono dan Chandra (2007) dalam (Malonda & Stephen, 2020) menyatakan bahwa kualitas pelayanan memiliki lima indikator yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 542, "width": 115, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Keandalan ( reliability )", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 556, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan untuk memberikan rasa sesuai dengan yang dijanjikan, terpercaya dan akurat serta konsisten.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 582, "width": 156, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Daya Tanggap ( responsiveness )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 596, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keinginan dari karyawan atau pengusaha untuk membantu konsumen dan memberikan pelayanan secara cepat serta mendengarkan dan menyelesaikan keluhan konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 623, "width": 108, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Jaminan ( assurance )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kemampuan karyawan dalam menanamkan kepercayaan dan keyakinan terhadap janji yang diberikan kepada konsumen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 663, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Empati ( empathy )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kesediaan karyawan dan pengusaha untuk lebih peduli terhadap perhatian secara pribadi kepada pengunjung.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 703, "width": 112, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Bukti Fisik ( tangibles )", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 717, "width": 369, "height": 13, "page_number": 4, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berupa penampilan fisik, perangkat dan berbagai materi komunikasi yang baik.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4842", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keputusan Pembelian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Keputusan pembelian adalah keputusan pembeli mengenai merek mana yang akan dibeli, keputusan adalah tahapan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan pembeli dimana konsumen benar-benar membeli menurut Kotler dan Armstrong, 2017 dalam (Naliyah Syahfitri & Kusnanto, 2022)", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Tjiptono (2018) dalam (M. F. Nasution & Febriani, 2023) keputusan pembelian adalah proses mengidentifikasi masalah, mencarian informasi tentang produk dan merek kemudian mengevaluasi berbagai pilihan yang dapat memecahkan masalah konsumen sebagai alat pengambilan keputusan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Schiffman (2005:57) dalam (Laksana, 2021) menyatakan bahwa keputusan pembelian merupakan keputusan manusia dimana ia memilih salah satu dari beberapa pilihan yang tersedia.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 247, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Menurut Philip Kotler (2007:101) dalam (Laksana, 2021)ada lima indikator keputusan pembelian yaitu:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 274, "width": 92, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Pembelian ulang", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 287, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen membentuk preferensi antar merek dalam serangkaian pilihan. Konsumen juga dapat mengembangkan niat untuk membeli merek yang paling populer.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 314, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Frekuensi pembelian", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 327, "width": 346, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen membeli produk berdasarkan informasi internal dan eksternal.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 341, "width": 106, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Pencarian informasi", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 354, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber informasi utama yang membagi konsumen menjadi empat kelompok yaitu, personal, komersial, publik dan eksperimental.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 381, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Sesuai kebutuhan", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 394, "width": 257, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen berusaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 408, "width": 111, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Mempunyai manfaat", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 421, "width": 308, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Konsumen mencari dan menerima manfaat tertentu dari produk.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 448, "width": 99, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kerangka Konseptual", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 462, "width": 428, "height": 39, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan deskripsi tinjauan pustaka tentang kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian, maka dapat dibangun bagan kerangka konseptual penelitian sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 250, "top": 529, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H1", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 126, "top": 509, "width": 136, "height": 222, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H2 H3 H4 KUALITAS PRODUK (X 1 ) HARGA (X 2 ) KUALITAS PELAYANAN (X 4 )", "type": "Picture" }, { "left": 374, "top": 576, "width": 140, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 438, "top": 601, "width": 18, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(Y)", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 158, "top": 620, "width": 46, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "LOKASI", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 170, "top": 646, "width": 21, "height": 12, "page_number": 5, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "(X 3 )", "type": "Formula" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4843", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 280, "height": 26, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Gambar 1. Kerangka Konsep Hipotesis", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 126, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Hipotesis merupakan suatu dugaan sementara atau asumsi yang akan diuji kebenarannya melalui fakta berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian. Asumsi tersebut dinyatakan bahwa:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 166, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H1 = Variabel kualitas produk (X 1 ) berpengaruh secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 193, "width": 428, "height": 28, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H2 = Variabel harga (X 2 ) berpengaruh secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 221, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H3 = Variabel lokasi (X 3 ) berpengaruh secara parsialdan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 248, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H4 = Variabel kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) berpengaruh secara parsial dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 276, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "• H5 = Variabel kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap keputusan pembelian Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 317, "width": 102, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Metode Penelitian", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 330, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Menurut Cresweel, 2010 dalam (Riana et al., 2023) menyatakan bahwa pendekatan kuantitatif adalah pengukuran data kuantitatif dan statistik objektif melalui perhitungan ilmiah yang berasal dari sampel orang atau populasi yang di survei . Beberapa pertanyaan atau pernyataan survei untuk mengetahui frekuensi dan persentase responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "A. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian Penelitian ini dilakukan di stand Dimsum Rayyan yang terletak di Jalan Aek Nabara, Kecamatan Bilah Hulu, Kabupaten Labuhanbatu. Periode penyebaran koesioner penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November tahun 2023.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 110, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "B. Populasi dan Sampel", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 464, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari konsumen yang membeli dan mengkonsumsi Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara yang belum diketahui jumlah pastinya. Menurut Sugiyono (2013:80) dalam (Eka et al., 2022) menyatakan bahwa populasi adalah daerah generalisasi yang terjalin awal objek/subjek yang memiliki mutu dan sifat terbatas yang ditetapkan oleh peneliti untuk dipelajari dan akan ditarik kesimpulannya.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 532, "width": 429, "height": 120, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dalam penelitian ini Teknik pengambilan sampelnya adalah teknik non probability sampling , salah satu jenisnya adalah purposive sampling . Nonprobability sampling merupakan teknik pengambilan sampel dimana seluruh populasi tidak dijadikan sampel (Thoifah, 2015:29) dan dilakukan purposive sampling sehingga subjek dipilih tidak berdasarkan random, stratifikasi dan lain-lain, melainkan berdasarkan kriteria tertentu yang telah diperhitungkan peneliti (Arikunto, 2010:183) dalam (Sinta Yuliana & Ali Maskur, 2022). Peneliti memilih teknik purposive sampling untuk pengambilan sampel dan sampel diambil dari populasi tertentu yaitu, 60 responden yang terdiri dari 23(38,3%) berjeniskelamin laki-laki dan 37(61,7%) berjenis kelamin perempuan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 652, "width": 119, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "C. Jenis dan Sumber Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 666, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan variabel penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan terhadap keputusan pembelian berdasarkan data primer yang diperoleh dari survei respon responden. Menurut Sekaran,", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 100, "top": 706, "width": 414, "height": 40, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2017 dalam (Firli Musfar et al., 2023) Data primer adalah data berdasarkan informasi yang diperoleh peneliti tentang variabel penelitian, sumber informasinya diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner online melalui Google Form ke konsumen Dimsum Rayyan Aek", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 244, "top": 83, "width": 15, "height": 13, "page_number": 6, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "H5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4844", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 100, "top": 85, "width": 38, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nabara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 99, "width": 134, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "D. Teknik Pengumpulan Data", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 112, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pengumpulan data yang peneliti gunakan adalah dengan cara menyebarkan kuisioner melalui internet, yaitu formulir pernyataan yang dicantumkan di antara alternatif jawaban. Dalam hal ini responden hanya memilih salah satu jawaban (Maharani, 2020).", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti menggunakan metode survei dengan model pertanyaan atau pernyataan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan format skala likert dari 1-5 sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 180, "width": 275, "height": 97, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Pilihan Jawaban Skor Sangat Setuju 5 Setuju 4 Netral 3 Tidak Setuju 2 Sangat Tidak Setuju 1 E. Teknik Analisis Data", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 277, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Peneliti akan menggunakan metode analisis data diantaranya analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan aplikasi SPSS Statistic 25 for windows karena penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif (Dewa et al., 2023).", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 331, "width": 122, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Hasil Dan Pembahasan", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 344, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini berdasarkan pada hasil survei yang telah disebarkan melalui website googleform sebanyak 60 responden yang terdiri dari 23(38,3%) orang laki-laki dan 37(61,7%) orang perempuan. Keseluruhan 60 koesioner yang disebarkan di internet memenuhi persyaratan untuk pengolahan data statistic.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 398, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah ada pengaruh kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara. Pengambilan data penelitian ini difokuskan kepada konsumen Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara, kemudian teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 465, "width": 97, "height": 13, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Hasil Uji Validitas", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 133, "top": 479, "width": 314, "height": 107, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Correlations KUALITAS_ PRODUK HARGA LOKASI KUALITAS_ PELAYANAN KUALITAS_ PEMBELIAN KUALITAS_ PRODUK Pearson Correlation 1 .674 ** .754 ** .753 ** .831 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60 60 HARGA Pearson Correlation .674 ** 1 .822 ** .713 ** .849 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60 60 LOKASI Pearson Correlation .754 ** .822 ** 1 .775 ** .924 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 578, "width": 297, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 KUALITAS_ PELAYANA N Pearson Correlation .753 ** .713 ** .775 ** 1 .850 ** Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 133, "top": 605, "width": 288, "height": 35, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "60 KUALITAS_ PEMBELIA N Pearson Correlation .831 ** .849 ** .924 ** .850 ** 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .000 .000 .000 N 60 60 60 60 60", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 641, "width": 215, "height": 22, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 663, "width": 428, "height": 53, "page_number": 7, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dapat diketahui bahwa nilai signifikasi uji validitas dapat dikatakan valid jika nilai signifikannya < 0,05. Dengan demikian,hasil yang diperoleh dari variabel X dan variabel Y dinyatakan valid karena nilai signifikasinya 0,000 atau lebih kecil dari 0,05 dengan sampel 60 responden.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4845", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 287, "height": 55, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Uji Reliabilitas Reliability Statistics Cronbach's Alpha N of Items .947 5", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 213, "top": 141, "width": 172, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 155, "width": 429, "height": 80, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji reliabilitas mengukur tingkat konsistensi suatu instrumen penelitian. Menurut Sugiono (2017:130) karya (Mochtar et al., 2022), reliabilitas adalah ukuran sejauh mana pengukuran dengan menggunakan item yang sama menghasilkan data yang sama. Menurut Priyatno, 2013:30 dalam (Yulia, 2022) suatu variabel dikatakan reliabel apabila mempunyai Cronbach’s alpha >0,60 dan sebaliknya ketika nilai Cronbach’s alpha < 0,60 maka tidak reliabel.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 235, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Maka dari tabel di atas terlihat bahwa Cronbach’ alpha realiabel dengan nilai 0,947> 0,60. Data uji validitas dan reliabilitas di atas menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) berpengaruh secara simultan maupun parsial terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara, berkorelasi secara signifikan.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 302, "width": 143, "height": 13, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Uji Regresi Linear Berganda", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 121, "top": 316, "width": 130, "height": 51, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 121, "top": 327, "width": 345, "height": 110, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Standardize d Coefficients t Sig. Collinearity Statistics B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) -.688 .721 -.955 .344 KUALITAS_ PRODUK .201 .060 .204 3.345 .001 .359 2.789 HARGA .153 .052 .193 2.926 .005 .309 3.235 LOKASI .451 .077 .446 5.838 .000 .229 4.365 KUALITAS_ PELAYANAN .202 .061 .213 3.313 .002 .324 3.083", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 438, "width": 207, "height": 23, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN Sumber : Hasil pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 461, "width": 428, "height": 67, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji regresi linier berganda digunakan bila terdapat minimal 2 variabel bebas.Analisis regresi linier berganda digunakan untuk mengukur pengaruh suatu variabel bebas yang biasa disebut X terhadap variabel terikat yang biasa disebut dengan Y(Ismiatun et al., 2022). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model yang digunakan untuk memperkirakan pengaruh data adalah:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 528, "width": 317, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Y =0,688+ 0,201X 1 + 0,153X 2 + 0,451X 3 + 0,202X 4 Keterangan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 555, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Koefisien kualitas produk menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,201. Artinya setiap peningkatan kualitas produk sebesar 0,201maka akan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,201.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 595, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Koefisien harga menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,153. Artinya setiap kenaikan harga sebesar 0,153maka keputusan pembelian akan meningkat sebesar 0,153.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 636, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Koefisien lokasi menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,451. Artinya setiap peningkatan lokasi sebesar 0,451maka akan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,451.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 676, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Koefisien kualitas pelayanan menunjukkan hubungan positif terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan nilai koefisien sebesar 0,202. Artinya setiap peningkatan kualitas pelayanan sebesar 0,202 akan meningkatkan keputusan pembelian sebesar -0,202.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 716, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 8, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Nilai konstanta sebesar 0,688 menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pembelian sebesar 0,688dipengaruhidari kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4846", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 78, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Uji T (Parsial)", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 94, "top": 100, "width": 385, "height": 111, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Coefficients a Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients t Sig. Collinearity Statistics B Std. Error Beta Tolerance VIF 1 (Constant) -.688 .721 -.955 .344 KUALITAS_ PRODUK .201 .060 .204 3.345 .001 .359 2.789 HARGA .153 .052 .193 2.926 .005 .309 3.235 LOKASI .451 .077 .446 5.838 .000 .229 4.365 KUALITAS_ PELAYANAN .202 .061 .213 3.313 .002 .324 3.083", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 211, "width": 429, "height": 104, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "a. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023 Pengujian ini dilakukan dengan membandingkan antara t tabel dengan t hitung untuk mengetahui apakah variabel X dan Y mempunyai pengaruh secara parsial. Uji T dilakukan dengan membandingkan nilai T hitung setiap variabel independen dengan T tabel dengan menggunakan margin of error yang ditentukan sebesar 5% atau 0,05. Jadi, jika T hitung > T tabel berarti variabel independenmempunyai pengaruh terhadap variabel dependen(Nari, 2021).Titik persentase distribusi t yang diperoleh dari 100 responden, dirumuskan :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 315, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Df(n-k) (jumlah sampel-variabel independent) 60-5 =55, Sehingga t tabel muncul pada kolom 0,05 pada baris ke 55 sehingga t tabel pada distribusi 0,05 adalah 1,673. Berdasarkan tabel diatas dapat dilihat bahwa :", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 355, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Variabel kualitas produk (X 1 ), nilai t hitung sebesar3,345 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,01. Dihitung dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 3,345> t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,01< 0,05 yang berarti variabel X 1 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H1 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 409, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Variabel harga (X 2 ), nilai t hitung sebesar 2,926 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,005. Dihitung dengan nilai t hitung sebesar 2,926> t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,005< 0,05 yang berarti variabel X 2 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H2 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 463, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "3. Variabel lokasi (X 3 ), nilai t hitung sebesar 5,838 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,000. Dihitung dengan nilai t hitung sebesar5,838> t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 yang berarti variabel X 3 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H3 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 517, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4. Variabel kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ), nilai t hitung sebesar 3,313 dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 0,002. Dihitung dengan ini t hitung sebesar 3,313<t tabel 1,673 dengan taraf sig sebesar 0,002 yang berarti variabel X 4 secara parsial berpengaruh dan signifikan pada variabel Y, hal ini dinyatakan H4 diterima.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 584, "width": 88, "height": 13, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Uji F (Simultan)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 102, "top": 597, "width": 371, "height": 97, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "ANOVA a Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig. 1 Regression 1630.559 4 407.640 172.963 .000 b Residual 129.624 55 2.357 Total 1760.183 59 a. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 100, "top": 695, "width": 389, "height": 27, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Predictors: (Constant), KUALITAS_PELAYANAN, HARGA, KUALITAS_PRODUK, LOKASI Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 722, "width": 428, "height": 26, "page_number": 9, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Uji F digunakan untuk mengetahui apakah variabel independen berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap variabel dependen. Menurut Ana 2019 dalam (Marpaung et al., 2021) , uji F", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4847", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "disebut juga uji koefisien regresi secara simultan atau bersama-sama, yakni untuk mengetahui pengaruh variabel bebas secara simultan atau bersama-sama terhadap pengaruh suatu variabel terikat.Titik persentase distribusi (F tabel) pada 60 responden adalah: Df = n-1-k (60-1- 5)= 54 sehingga 5% atau 0,05 adalah2,39", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 139, "width": 428, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Nilai F hitung sebesar 172,963< 2,39 dan sig. 0,000 < 0,05 yang menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ), dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) secara simultan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap keputusan pembelian (Y) Dimsum Rayyan Aek Nabara.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 153, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "6. Uji Koefisien Determinan (R2)", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 118, "top": 220, "width": 362, "height": 82, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Model Summary b Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin- Watson 1 .962 a .926 .921 1.53519 1.762 a. Predictors: (Constant), KUALITAS_PELAYANAN, HARGA, KUALITAS_PRODUK, LOKASI", "type": "Table" }, { "left": 85, "top": 303, "width": 428, "height": 81, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "b. Dependent Variable: KUALITAS_PEMBELIAN Sumber : Hasil Pengolahan SPSS, 2023 Dari hasil diatas terlihat nilai R-square (R 2 ) sebesar 0,926. Artinya peranan kualitas produk (X 1 ), harga (X 2 ), lokasi (X 3 ) dan kualitas pelayanan (X 4 ) terhadap pengambilan keputusan pembelian (Y) adalah 92,6% dan sisanya sebesar 7,4% merupakan faktor lain diluar variabel yang diteliti.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 397, "width": 56, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "5. Penutup Kesimpulan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 424, "width": 428, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, peneliti dapat mengambil kesimpulan sebagai berikut:", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 451, "width": 429, "height": 67, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Rangkuman model SPSS menghasilkan R square sebesar 0,926. Artinya92,60% variabel independen yaitu, kualitas produk, harga, lokasi dan kualitas pelayanan,mempengaruhi variabel dependent (terikat) yaitu, keputusan pembelian, dan sisanya sebesar 7,4% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang belum diteliti dan mungkin mempengaruhi variabel keputusan pembelian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 518, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Diketahui Df 2 =n-1-k (60-1-5) = 54 sebesar 2,39 sehingga diketahui nilai uji F pada tabel diatas sebesar 172, 963> 2,39 dan nilai signifikansi 0,000 < 0,05. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa secara serempak variabel independen berpengaruh secara posistif dan signifikan terhadap variabel dependen.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 585, "width": 28, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Saran", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 599, "width": 429, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "1. Bagi peneliti selanjutnya diharapkan untuk melakukan lebih banyak penelitian dengan menggunakan variabel yang berbeda dari yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini sehingga dapat memperoleh hasil yang lebih beragam yang mempengaruhi keputusan pembelian.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 639, "width": 429, "height": 27, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "2. Peneliti selanjutnya agar lebih selektif dan berhati-hati dalam memilih responden untuk penelitian dan menyebarkan kuesioner yang lebih baik.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 679, "width": 70, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Daftar Pustaka", "type": "Section header" }, { "left": 85, "top": 693, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Al-Ajizah, Y., Pristiyono, & Siregar, N. A. (2022). Pengaruh Desain Interior, Kelengkapan Menu, Harga Dan Lokasi Bisnis Terhadap Minat Beli Konsumen Pada Warkop Kno 88. Prosiding Seminar NASIONAL Feb Unikal , 1037–1050.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 733, "width": 428, "height": 13, "page_number": 10, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Alwi, A. F., & Mulyono, J. (2023). Pengaruh Harga , Lokasi , Kualitas Pelayanan , Fasilitas , Dan", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 50, "width": 81, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Astuti dkk, (2024)", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 407, "top": 53, "width": 103, "height": 9, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "MSEJ, 5(2) 2024: 4838-4849", "type": "Page header" }, { "left": 287, "top": 793, "width": 25, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "4848", "type": "Page footer" }, { "left": 85, "top": 85, "width": 429, "height": 54, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan “ Menantea Café ” Teluk Jambe Karawang . 8 (1), 227–243. Candra, F., Ellitan, L., & Rosita, Y. (2023). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk dan Kualitas Layanan Terhadap Niat Beli Kembali Melalui Kepuasan Pelanggan Wizzmie di Surabaya . 3 (1),", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 114, "top": 139, "width": 44, "height": 13, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "218–237.", "type": "Text" }, { "left": 85, "top": 153, "width": 429, "height": 53, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Dewa, J. A., W.j, O. I., & D, P. I. (2023). Pengaruh Digital Marketing, Kualitas Produk dan Harga Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian di Etsuko Kitchen Manado. EMBA , 11 (4), 1425–1434. Eka, P. H., Mariah, & Shandra, B. (2022). Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Harga, dan Lokasi Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Pada Bakso Granat Malang Indah . 3 (2022), 39–51.", "type": "List item" }, { "left": 85, "top": 206, "width": 428, "height": 40, "page_number": 11, "page_width": 595, "page_height": 841, "text": "Firli Musfar, T., Fandy Sitepu, R., & Wildah, W. (2023). 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