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359719c4b1db716aa8789fb7c99953ae0a72f862 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | What's the name of the iniative? | {
"text": [
"Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c002f604e11db51750d907258b0e42bf97e80eb1 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | What is the last continent mentioned in the text | {
"text": [
"Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c56cb28fa8a87fd8710598beb564a095813c8878 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | What's the iniative's aim? | {
"text": [
"sanitation science and technology (\"transformative technologies\"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bd8fe34b5a4c81216bff7df0ebcdaf71b9645246 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | What is the first area of of cleanliness mentioned in the Overview for health conditions | {
"text": [
"Water"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8df50d584dbd6e5f70fc84631433aef9deb063d2 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | What continent besides Asia struggles with lack of sanitation? | {
"text": [
"Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
72759f00b6233149732284ce8b232d02d6acc562 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | Why was the funding given? | {
"text": [
"sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cc633f27369ea0a8b30cf217800b584a195dabe9 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | How far into the century was the initiative announced? | {
"text": [
"In mid 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c6d765807a59d1adca8434ca8facda1a1ce662bc | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications. | Where is all this happening? | {
"text": [
"Saharan Africa and South Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
caac5a29e6381adbe589b42795f486c2900ef141 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann. | What does the M in "BMGF" stand for? | {
"text": [
"Melinda"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0134518f147a64887706c5b6ac645906745a8e21 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann. | What does the G in "BMGF" stand for? | {
"text": [
"Gates"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e7612b7fcc7037ff984eb454a58eb986dd06141b | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann. | What does the F in "BMGF" stand for? | {
"text": [
"Foundation"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
36df495631de51100b35f0b24d2b912c6d6fe051 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann. | What does the B in "BMGF" stand for? | {
"text": [
"Bill"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
95ed29b1163e7884f2390e0dac69825497f3ac3b | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | Margaret Sanger founded __ | {
"text": [
"Planned Parenthood"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6910c5485e58c626b9fa781c356abc31a2dac5c2 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | What did the Gates Foundation fund until the announcement? | {
"text": [
"Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cdacdbd5fca8c01bd783a8d201d3e56ed24ee238 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | Melinda Gates is a threat to women because she thinks it is possible to what about abortion, a cut-and-clear issue? | {
"text": [
"struggle"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
de0f1e39b0a0df5eb3f2abdbe337b74d476ecf80 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | What did the Foundation support until the announcement was made? | {
"text": [
"Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3251ff80e51e5734a06f4b7861b48739a735d054 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | Melinda Gates is a bigoted person for her attitude about? | {
"text": [
"abortion"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5b58ffa8dc1267aaa23360d3b608b4763d0ce26e | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is inferior to? | {
"text": [
"primary U.S. abortion provider"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4ba8488134f56c09ae1fbfd299c441a644dd06cb | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | __ has offices in NYC and DC. | {
"text": [
"Planned Parenthood"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
75d320563938f42b852bf59e8d14724071f971d6 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations. | __ began to advocate abortion law reform beginning in 1955 | {
"text": [
"Planned Parenthood"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
47e9c8b5457cf9efcd83d703eb4129a665ea2577 | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Which occurred first, the Sichuan reclaimed it's governmental and social status or they took a strong hold of a Chinese central government? | {
"text": [
"firm control of a Chinese central government"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1fd91371c3e4e4c3777ea7c046531a7abc578dde | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | What was Du Fu's ethnicity? | {
"text": [
"Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e41c93550db538e6cc3820381ceae7ed3555cd4a | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Who was the head of China's central government in 760? | {
"text": [
"Xuanzong"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4c42678e8f6676e841e0bb7d5bf98afc55428a2e | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Which dynasty occurred first, the Tang dynasty or the Sui dynasty? | {
"text": [
"Sui"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a94cdd970e6221f429acdda8e8737b806ae06346 | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Du Fu's ethnicity is? | {
"text": [
"Chinese"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2d209db3cab25a5a2d881fb1df598e6cdc1622cb | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Which occurred second, the An Lushan Rebellion or the Sichuan taking control of a Chinese central government? | {
"text": [
"An Lushan Rebellion"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
55c453e150e278aaa743c13cbdab5477938d0d39 | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Du Fu and what came from the same placce? | {
"text": [
"armies"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
885d9a01c299813bc95c7eb798d5d96cdfca0773 | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Xuanzong went to a place that had to deal with the? | {
"text": [
"Tibetan Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2f9222b6e441bac3a460c89c2567901f26b54dbc | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Sichuan was most ascendant during which Chinese dynasty? | {
"text": [
"Tang"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a8c0b725f680d5a20179f9d64eea646d12b6549f | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Which occurred second, the Sichuan reclaimed it's governmental and social status or they took a strong hold of a Chinese central government? | {
"text": [
"regained its previous political and cultural prominence"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c44f98126bf6c790379d5d6574103728bc08c8cd | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Tibet's incursions into Sichuan can be classified as what during the Tang Dynasty? | {
"text": [
"constant"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
386efac3e3b17e6e8fdd11d74139021ea5ef8cb7 | Sichuan | Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire. | Sichuan's cultural prominence originally rose in which Chinese dynasty? | {
"text": [
"Han"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
824e69ac7e292d03f2b661a66fd122a2296a1468 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | What is the smallest percentage mentioned in the text? | {
"text": [
"roofing and plumbing"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
db1a0ba0de0cf118bec45e9767a71aebb17b91b3 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | Which one contains imurity, copper or bronze? | {
"text": [
"bronze"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c7a796ff94821744f00eb172bb24fc086e247385 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | The highest use of copper, percentage wise, is in what? | {
"text": [
"electrical wires"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d2936d3da348a3360828f51954fd78e6dfba263e | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | This thing, mostly used as a pure metal, is also used in the production of compounds for what plant-related industry? | {
"text": [
"agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0e3a0cc730285418a9e31c0673df245557a2e2e8 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | Which one can be used to make fungicide, bronze or copper? | {
"text": [
"copper"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
64010870aa626ee2a9e3a925a93a6c2a353a9279 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | Which one can be used in food, brass or copper? | {
"text": [
"copper"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8b63e15cf954aff1353b5f0d531496e83ec3e7cb | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | Among the three major applications of copper, which category contains two activities? | {
"text": [
"roofing and plumbing"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f171ba82001480e010429b1a908d53d0044c23e3 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | This thing, mostly used as a pure metal, is mainly used in? | {
"text": [
"electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%)"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1fe752decbcffccc6676193ec6a1844a3a944583 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | When copper is used as an allow in machinery, for which elements is it used? | {
"text": [
"intricate parts"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7c31df34ec5bf21a351c23aa2069128f674083e3 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | Which one is a kind of alloy, copper or bronze? | {
"text": [
"bronze"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
13215828b1738a6cb9d5ad92fbe80b71e619f813 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | This thing, mostly used as a pure metal, is no longer pure when it is needed for? | {
"text": [
"intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
60fd1aaf074629741ba87e890b6d1bfef4733e6f | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | Which one is softer, brass or copper? | {
"text": [
"Copper"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0ca4066009cb1cfb46a3a9b5851eead579871392 | Copper | The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics. | If it is not used as an allow, what is the form in which copper is used? | {
"text": [
"pure metal"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2bc11a3824769cd7fcb235e71dca6a4b9a523fbe | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Native copper is made up of multiple examples of what? | {
"text": [
"crystal"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
47c2e281f0422a50623bad7b2574210e999cc7ea | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Other than the crust where is copper found? | {
"text": [
"massive stars"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5a01c7d8e8f1a908846b7357af1c6e7a4a418248 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Copper on earth | {
"text": [
"50 parts per million"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9e9de741932755357c49219ab3b6811755d07d48 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | What is typically found in the United States? | {
"text": [
"polycrystal"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
77540167af857e46e7ebf06f739a7abbbc878cd5 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | What are types of copper minerals? | {
"text": [
"the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
754dd72a29e3f88e249259317650463b92bbd70d | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | What is chalcopyrite? | {
"text": [
"minerals"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
baddd728541686f90b84c4ce0ba75647249a6f2a | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | What is copper? | {
"text": [
"polycrystal"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
90fcdc5a7c16960a8efc4549b1c3cb46b9d0c9bb | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Where did they find more than 900,000 pounds of raw Cu in the US? | {
"text": [
"Keweenaw Peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7544ce4db06ba3841752e7d8d782a1b31f6a5f6f | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | What makes the element Cu? | {
"text": [
"stars"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fc4eaeefaba62f50e841c9e6fde41088879f5f2e | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Multiple chunks of copper | {
"text": [
"polycrystal"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
371d367705ed59bb2bd5116f3375e16fb55a3e17 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | How is it found on Earth? | {
"text": [
"native copper or in minerals"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
38b07526b740901da0559041956d46c7e91a0c60 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Where is copper found? | {
"text": [
"Earth's crust"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
711bf587b086940ae4fa4c4a747c951765232ef8 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | 1,000 kg | {
"text": [
"tonnes"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e74bd60558bc45a00f29c2c77da03cb0a133a847 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Where was the largest elemental copper found? | {
"text": [
"Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f1887032de26254d65bd704345ab85d93aac8350 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Which mineral containing carbon is a soft blue made of copper ore deposits? | {
"text": [
"azurite"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5befd0c8ae8babbc6b51354612839416841016d2 | Copper | Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm. | Where does one find Cu? | {
"text": [
"Earth's crust"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dbf0146ffe893795faf5e7cfcdfb5fd8af3eeddd | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | What is the use of fungus Aspergillus niger? | {
"text": [
"solubilization of heavy metal sulfides"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5c7f6a59ec9aa0a5630e59996725f5c7e710fdfe | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | What needs to be present for movement? | {
"text": [
"cyanide"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
468e13566835b8fc0a939fe6749f57fc53d64de1 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | What is needed for the change in chemical process? | {
"text": [
"fungus"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1484450bcd0dd29c9f1806bd0c9c8e08e37c8684 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | Where can zinc be extracted? | {
"text": [
"fungus Aspergillus niger"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4b72a5451eb5e746265af0a8f6bfef95bebc2c1d | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | What might I find in the Aspergillus niger fungus? | {
"text": [
"gold, silver, copper iron and zinc"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
916d32410bb8fab4463a439511c91b32afeec6e1 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | What can copper form into? | {
"text": [
"cyanide compound"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
349606f11337a7cd7c83dcc85fc96e31aae287d5 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | What is good for healthy growth of young pine trees? | {
"text": [
"ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7545c36e607729b5f10c179c11cf11c0c30d6ec2 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | Why might I need to use the Aspergillus niger fungus? | {
"text": [
"solubilization of heavy metal sulfides"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2cd63ddf0bf38bdd06c9efdb38884162a175632 | Copper | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides. | What can I find in the fungus that is called Aspergillus niger? | {
"text": [
"gold, silver, copper iron and zinc"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2fd71f9dcc84bc94976e66452d866a0740757ac | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | Where were the empires in relation to Europe? | {
"text": [
"overseas"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d261a993331c4ab4485f9212c5ccf9706b69e396 | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What opportunity arose from the Columbian Exchange? | {
"text": [
"a new economy based on manufacturing"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c351c1b0ef3fc182389f50d5afc7da5814771cd0 | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What did the european colonization produce? | {
"text": [
"colonial empires"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
313bc5a20ef0af6b5b29e6eed932d04ecbf80d8d | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | Where is Great Britain located? | {
"text": [
"European"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c13f73ee6d88a440fcd198a47567e6268d8beba7 | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What career opportunity was opened up because of the expansion? | {
"text": [
"manufacturing"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ece15b8e774c63c198b3f53e2c97431d673d0fa0 | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | Where is the colombian exchange located? | {
"text": [
"New World"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6e223ba9d4b9a915cd805f5d9f1849361ac9b3e6 | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What was the Columbian Exchange comprised of? | {
"text": [
"resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6e223ba9d4b9a915cd805f5d9f1849361ac9b3e6 | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What was the Columbian Exchange comprised of? | {
"text": [
"colonial empires"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cea276a0d33eca5ee6b2025230fcee499fd425ad | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What was the result of this this? | {
"text": [
"a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7f41d6129f06ef83214889eb22ce8b0c973c81c5 | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What didn't Great Britain have before the Columbian Exchange? | {
"text": [
"new economy"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
eb8124ed707875d35afffc8f0baf3a9473219c5c | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | How was farming regarded? | {
"text": [
"subsistence"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
57b3767009c3472390f4f6bc43baa8941971d1ab | Southern_Europe | European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture. | What didn't Great Britain have before the revolution? | {
"text": [
"manufacturing"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
060c43b43a1b7774080f1db3df703dfb919f7c16 | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | What can you find all over the majority of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, and the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey, as | {
"text": [
"dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b3f876ea99bfd7bc122c332004dc4e30334cd3ba | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | what is the first country mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8286bfd2618499f3934d62f4fd19f696fcdead50 | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | what is the first area mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Southern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b21f724a725f0e99d1e53bb2f7c42a509e8a3a96 | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | How would you describe the vegetation and landscapes throughout Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey, and the Mediterranean islands? | {
"text": [
"similar"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8f62f05b3695a8a4c154aa72fcc3be44fdf0ed8a | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | what is the third country mentioned? | {
"text": [
"France"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1d75115c69f32e8f22f244aee8e884dbf7bc48c3 | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | Can you name a popular charcuterie board item that is grown in the Mediterranean climate? | {
"text": [
"olive"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f4a2cd84b2b3d3475e8ada35c506526fae637e5d | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | what is the fourth country mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a3231f4efcbe37a79cf390a355fddef77619ee1a | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | The Mediterranean region is in the area? | {
"text": [
"Southern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c94379f9bd632715b97b2c93c9ef68171a9323cf | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | Croatia is a culturally what country? | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1bed717649d5bc3456cdf77b4aba91f62f327149 | Southern_Europe | Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees. | what is the fifth country mentioned? | {
"text": [
"Croatia"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5bf52d4cf92f57498b66871d6feaa260ea0052a5 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What was being practiced in Rome? | {
"text": [
"Greek culture"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2277d803be290a9cb29bd7070b1001c14e3194e1 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What was another name of the Roman Empire? | {
"text": [
"classical period"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
025777246a632a52bb778d5cbf1d83dcf3fe601a | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | Where besides Rome was the capitial of the Roman Empires | {
"text": [
"Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
068ea9ff00c7889e4caddbb99ca2cdc9b3622d12 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What was being stationed in Constantinople? | {
"text": [
"Roman legions"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1d17b30c3314a4078a1b150572665588ba116be2 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What rules did Constantinople follow? | {
"text": [
"Roman law"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1c7c75a451c05c05c943ab2fc48cb743abe3a75d | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What was the pimary cause of the Roman EMpire's demise? | {
"text": [
"The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8e8efc48b1369220800a984e12e32b2f30fd8f55 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What is notable about the Roman Empire? | {
"text": [
"The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d4e64039727e8168b1f0591cf9746eef1dd22842 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What preceded the Middle Ages? | {
"text": [
"The Roman Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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