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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
What happened to the Son of God in preparation of the crucifixion?
{ "text": [ "Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink" ], "answer_start": [ 227 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
Jesus hung for six hours based on the decision of which man?
{ "text": [ "Pontius Pilate" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
Who stated that Christ Was arrested?
{ "text": [ "canonical gospels" ], "answer_start": [ 17 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
Before crucifixion, what was added to the Messiah's drink?
{ "text": [ "gall" ], "answer_start": [ 290 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
Why were the another guys hung?
{ "text": [ "convicted thieves" ], "answer_start": [ 401 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
In order to ensure that Jesus was no longer alive, what occurred?
{ "text": [ "they pierced his side with a spear" ], "answer_start": [ 655 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
What punishment did Jesus endure?
{ "text": [ "scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
Where was Jesus placed in terms of the three crosses?
{ "text": [ "between two convicted thieves" ], "answer_start": [ 389 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
What happen to the clothes that Jesus was wearing?
{ "text": [ "They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe" ], "answer_start": [ 556 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
What happeend to Jesus previous to crucfixion?
{ "text": [ "scourged" ], "answer_start": [ 180 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
What could be seen along with Jesus on the cross?
{ "text": [ "a sign to the top of the cross stating \"Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews\" in three languages" ], "answer_start": [ 459 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
According to the canonical gospels, Jesus, whom Christians believe to be the Son of God as well as the Messiah (Christ), was arrested, tried, and sentenced by Pontius Pilate to be scourged, and finally crucified by the Romans. Jesus was stripped of his clothing and offered wine mixed with gall to drink, before being crucified. He was then hung for six hours (according to Mark's Gospel) between two convicted thieves. During this time, the soldiers affixed a sign to the top of the cross stating "Jesus of Nazareth, King of the Jews" in three languages. They then divided his garments among them, but cast lots for his seamless robe. After Jesus' death they pierced his side with a spear to be certain that he had died. The Bible records seven statements that Jesus made while he was on the cross, as well as several supernatural events that occurred.
While being crucified Jesus found himself in the middle of what?
{ "text": [ "two convicted thieves" ], "answer_start": [ 397 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
According to some minds, who may be responsible for a mix up with the historical account?
{ "text": [ "a scribe" ], "answer_start": [ 318 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
What qualifies Schaefer to disagree with the possibility of a lunar eclipse?
{ "text": [ "astronomer" ], "answer_start": [ 424 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
What supposedly impedes visibility for a lunar eclipse?
{ "text": [ "daylight" ], "answer_start": [ 521 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
What did Humphreys, Waddington, Henige, and Schafer all agree had taken place?
{ "text": [ "an eclipse" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
Who recorded the eclipse?
{ "text": [ "the gospel" ], "answer_start": [ 260 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
Which is not a last name, Humphreys or Lunar?
{ "text": [ "lunar" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
What is the opposite of night time?
{ "text": [ "daylight" ], "answer_start": [ 521 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
Which is not a school, Oxford or Bradley?
{ "text": [ "Bradley" ], "answer_start": [ 435 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
What kind of eclipse did Henige believe happened?
{ "text": [ "solar" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
What type of eclipse would Schaefer agree took place?
{ "text": [ "solar" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
Who came up with the theory that others found impossible and indefensible?
{ "text": [ "Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
Who is quoted to have disagreed rather harshly with the fact that the eclipse may have been lunar?
{ "text": [ "Historian David Henige" ], "answer_start": [ 352 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Colin Humphreys and W. G. Waddington of Oxford University considered the possibility that a lunar, rather than solar, eclipse might have taken place. They concluded that such an eclipse would have been visible, for thirty minutes, from Jerusalem and suggested the gospel reference to a solar eclipse was the result of a scribe wrongly amending a text. Historian David Henige dismisses this explanation as 'indefensible' and astronomer Bradley Schaefer points out that the lunar eclipse would not have been visible during daylight hours.
What type of eclipse would be more visible during daylight hours?
{ "text": [ "solar" ], "answer_start": [ 111 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
Which of the following people did not write an account of the Gospel: Luke, Mark or Plutarch?
{ "text": [ "Plutarch" ], "answer_start": [ 515 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
Which of the following phrases is meant to be taken literally: "barking up the wrong tree," "darkness over the land," or a theologically significant event?
{ "text": [ "theologically significant event" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
What would a dog be doing if it saw a cat?
{ "text": [ "barking" ], "answer_start": [ 713 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
Which is not a last name, Dio Cassius or Luke?
{ "text": [ "Luke" ], "answer_start": [ 143 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
Why was the Mark Gospel significant?
{ "text": [ "theologically" ], "answer_start": [ 228 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
How was the gospel to be interpreted?
{ "text": [ "not intended to be taken literally" ], "answer_start": [ 265 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
What can a student be rewarded with to help financially with college?
{ "text": [ "scholarship" ], "answer_start": [ 16 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
567d5d35314ee85781f9815b4813f7a479362267
Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
Which of the following is not the name of a writer: Philo, Gospel, or Virgil?
{ "text": [ "Gospel" ], "answer_start": [ 120 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
e8b3e641cf1f322102c358773fb538551ff98a63
Crucifixion_of_Jesus
Modern biblical scholarship treats the account in the synoptic gospels as a literary creation by the author of the Mark Gospel, amended in the Luke and Matthew accounts, intended to heighten the importance of what they saw as a theologically significant event, and not intended to be taken literally. This image of darkness over the land would have been understood by ancient readers, a typical element in the description of the death of kings and other major figures by writers such as Philo, Dio Cassius, Virgil, Plutarch and Josephus. Géza Vermes describes the darkness account as typical of "Jewish eschatological imagery of the day of the Lord", and says that those interpreting it as a datable eclipse are "barking up the wrong tree".
What was the theme of the Mark Gospel?
{ "text": [ "darkness" ], "answer_start": [ 564 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
3f7a3ada3837d124857ed854889602f56afbead9
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
Which of the following did not oppose illiberal movements: translators, army officers or modernizers?
{ "text": [ "army officers" ], "answer_start": [ 352 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
443ef6b04c8cff67cb83e87cc049e9716e1e475f
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
Which of the following is not an illiberal political movement: Islamism, modernizers or militarism?
{ "text": [ "modernizers" ], "answer_start": [ 668 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
d77a0551ba18c967d4c64d70a25dc11a54645f10
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
Which of the following countries is furthest from the others: Turkey, Iran, or Britain?
{ "text": [ "Britain" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
8096f23f972b4f14dafc7d60094e59446aa87544
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
What eventer triggered the emergence of terror groups?
{ "text": [ "Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries" ], "answer_start": [ 24 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
683b5828b13472cff8ebcc87172524c2ea0641a2
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
What happened in the countries involved in the Sykes-Picot Agreement?
{ "text": [ "social crisis" ], "answer_start": [ 599 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
0880b7178b527a95d2a3893fab093a7019847a71
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
Why were middle eastern nations created after ww1
{ "text": [ "Sykes-Picot agreement" ], "answer_start": [ 132 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
28d59ca8c6e8b690fa92f29d3bc3beecbfbac681
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
How did the Muslim brotherhood gain power?
{ "text": [ "in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction" ], "answer_start": [ 154 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
535497ecab0114b4bf26778e8520a45944f509fb
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
Who took control over Turkey after WW1 divisions?
{ "text": [ "army officers" ], "answer_start": [ 352 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
8e0e4c05217fd940ed4814b3d738885a3455db34
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
In addition to Britain, what nation was deeply involved in the breaking up of the Middle East?
{ "text": [ "France" ], "answer_start": [ 36 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
9af98a7287938e11a32b0ddfdc285811f1c8a22d
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
Whatemerged in the middle east after ww1
{ "text": [ "Islamism and militarism" ], "answer_start": [ 477 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
c7e9c9cbce751ca572c6625e03381b28dae50ea8
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
What group took control over the area of Egypt after WWI?
{ "text": [ "Muslim Brotherhood" ], "answer_start": [ 257 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
2996da6031a4bbb040653b02111f41b464be19df
Translation
After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took over the Hijaz, and regimes led by army officers came to power in Iran and Turkey. "[B]oth illiberal currents of the modern Middle East," writes de Bellaigne, "Islamism and militarism, received a major impetus from Western empire-builders." As often happens in countries undergoing social crisis, the aspirations of the Muslim world's translators and modernizers, such as Muhammad Abduh, largely had to yield to retrograde currents.
What two ideas emerged after Britain and France broke wartime promises?
{ "text": [ "Islamism and militarism" ], "answer_start": [ 477 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
d509b21a048fec4fc0e2a9bc4c2e28d455732ffc
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
What shouldn't one do the words from other languages?
{ "text": [ "English actual should not be confused with" ], "answer_start": [ 404 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
c160f2e450d62ef1ddd90e2745961befd7ed585a
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Actueel, Actual, and Actuel sound the same because of their what?
{ "text": [ "common etymology" ], "answer_start": [ 286 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
2294a83b88b6b848a2541283bd42586ae3345531
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Words with a common etymology such as the English actual and the French actuel are known as what?
{ "text": [ "cognate" ], "answer_start": [ 451 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
1b6374666eb316b6eacbc4878662afb36de165d4
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Which of the following is not a possible meaning of aktualny: present, timely or ecological?
{ "text": [ "ecological" ], "answer_start": [ 256 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
07996a824d8b78d5fc2bdea6538c6433ccc28874
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Which language uses a different alphabet than the others?
{ "text": [ "Russian" ], "answer_start": [ 638 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
2b6fac47287fb6c3d4abb2028a42d076b80c012b
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Whose word is written in their own language?
{ "text": [ "Russian актуальный" ], "answer_start": [ 638 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
f6c602ffa504a1fc3be616d062f1ea63663f67e4
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
What is not the language for aktualny: French or Polish?
{ "text": [ "French" ], "answer_start": [ 459 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
e9dc09da62b83c19a9c396c27de70560aebc41d8
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Which meaning of "actual" is found in Polish, Swedish and Russian?
{ "text": [ "topical" ], "answer_start": [ 541 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
265a2b0991d02b7b29de7d0f5f4f484397e879b2
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
There are words is several languages which sound like the English "actual", such as the Dutch "actueel", and this Swedish word.
{ "text": [ "aktuell" ], "answer_start": [ 586 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
e7f7d47d1aca85fa8b4bfc75504cc2b5cf6e1cae
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
Who doesn't use the word actueel: the Dutch or Russians?
{ "text": [ "Russian" ], "answer_start": [ 638 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
4913f28823ce5ba7c925ca7de0df603c240ef9c0
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
What language isn't aktuell: Swedish or French?
{ "text": [ "French" ], "answer_start": [ 459 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
59c2660ed109e7495fcdce49842f685306e2aed8
Translation
Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misleading as a guide to current meaning in one or the other language. For example, the English actual should not be confused with the cognate French actuel ("present", "current"), the Polish aktualny ("present", "current," "topical," "timely," "feasible"), the Swedish aktuell ("topical", "presently of importance"), the Russian актуальный ("urgent", "topical") or the Dutch actueel.
The Polish word aktualny is not a feasible translation of which English word?
{ "text": [ "actual" ], "answer_start": [ 412 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
2908388d51925b185e2aabe30da2585731f752f2
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
How has translation been transformed since previous years?
{ "text": [ "shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — \"literal\" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial \"values\" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context" ], "answer_start": [ 315 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
aa8613731d4ea628b55dd5bedcd8c77bd91532b0
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
What time was of great influence to the transformation of the interpretation of other languages?
{ "text": [ "early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century)" ], "answer_start": [ 157 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
90991e861d4f1b54d740f1383f75f5c0d2bea2db
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
What have professionals in translators usually done in terms of the practice of this field?
{ "text": [ "translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — \"literal\" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial \"values\" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context" ], "answer_start": [ 288 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
537bd0f0417f240ccdabd7fdc23537e100001572
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
In what period did the practice of translation changed the most?
{ "text": [ "pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century" ], "answer_start": [ 245 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
63be6ced55af07aac9bcf0862e91cdaa02225295
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
How much transformation has the interpretation of other languages have since ancient times?
{ "text": [ "hardly changed since antiquity" ], "answer_start": [ 81 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
2db956dc432324e468b6a2ac7cbb444361f723e7
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
What might translators have problems with in translations from the 1700's?
{ "text": [ "adapters" ], "answer_start": [ 205 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
1f59f8aeab03a8539f2864c459f9a75e1c9d5f82
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
What might throw a wrench in translation in medival times?
{ "text": [ "extreme metaphrasers" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
8a8599e79c38dca302a882295cf97caea95119d6
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
What are some of the traits of the professionals who are in charge of interpreting other languages?
{ "text": [ "prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — \"literal\" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary" ], "answer_start": [ 321 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
575fda81f19f7e281c40fe33d23da5b8ce874bc8
Translation
Despite occasional theoretical diversity, the actual practice of translation has hardly changed since antiquity. Except for some extreme metaphrasers in the early Christian period and the Middle Ages, and adapters in various periods (especially pre-Classical Rome, and the 18th century), translators have generally shown prudent flexibility in seeking equivalents — "literal" where possible, paraphrastic where necessary — for the original meaning and other crucial "values" (e.g., style, verse form, concordance with musical accompaniment or, in films, with speech articulatory movements) as determined from context.
During the time where Christianity was starting translators might have problems with what?
{ "text": [ "extreme metaphrasers" ], "answer_start": [ 129 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
0b487b6acb24752f9396f119c6b33679092a3a8f
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
Translation is work with?
{ "text": [ "languages" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
aa51597a9b0a63e53dc57fbbc02e4fda62615c9a
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
How have translators left their mark?
{ "text": [ "in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
68b8fcef92f2b84f043bf8cf0390c19c6c87fcf7
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
What array concatenated bodies of facts from one civilization to another?
{ "text": [ "Translators" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
a3ca544cdcfe283bfb4a9eaca879ece5db9c0d7a
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
Why are translators important?
{ "text": [ "in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
c4f4117d35176aaaac62fe34a92c3de5217a8593
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
What path of movement of parts of types of speech faciliatated the growth of the type of speech of origin of people who rephrased one type of speech using another type of speech?
{ "text": [ "from the source languages, into their own languages" ], "answer_start": [ 391 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
8157a1b0ce0a87c9d8d67e229aec92000999e84a
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
Cultures have different?
{ "text": [ "languages" ], "answer_start": [ 433 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
35d625d1ee382831d68f1bdcf0884b5794ac6cc6
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
Authors are skilled at?
{ "text": [ "writing" ], "answer_start": [ 38 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
0f3b8c027f576a34640791f809f3db6f748c2de2
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
What legacy do translators leave?
{ "text": [ "in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated" ], "answer_start": [ 189 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
bf44599d62cc1087ee53af92306023621b830110
Translation
Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveying knowledge between cultures; and along with ideas, they have imported from the source languages, into their own languages, loanwords and calques of grammatical structures, idioms and vocabulary.
What were examples of assemblages that participated in an action that indirectly helped create changes in the way people spoke and wrote?
{ "text": [ "monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible" ], "answer_start": [ 87 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
b40d0bcd852816262022935d9862d241619b312f
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
What happened in 1453 in translation?
{ "text": [ "the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho" ], "answer_start": [ 104 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
ebc9c1d17bc55e7c774ef3d24153f4430210850f
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Where is Florence located?
{ "text": [ "Italy" ], "answer_start": [ 26 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
dd37153b5679f6cbf9cdfcb5e3775b4c2b7589f1
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
What needed to be precise?
{ "text": [ "exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus" ], "answer_start": [ 540 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
9a9ea0040970a03d30c1178d33c64b61ec1c1ff2
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
What was the nationality of Pletho?
{ "text": [ "Turks" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
05f966f32c7962919db3813e18ad55a246efaeb3
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Why was it important that translations were accurate?
{ "text": [ "philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
adc38f69cdc6db9c179058d268348ebe4154002a
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Who conquered Constantinople?
{ "text": [ "Turks" ], "answer_start": [ 251 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
5d4be39209c7a590accd6e6039f192249b5e1cb6
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Who translated the biblical texts written after the birth of Jesus?
{ "text": [ "Erasmus" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
b245d52f5cfc3d4fe35463f1ac37b6edca6dd6a1
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
What was required from the works of Plato, Aristotle, and Jesus?
{ "text": [ "exact words" ], "answer_start": [ 540 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
06c89f3093aa39dc06bc3b6ce7071c150eaf41d7
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Who did people look to for their philosophy and religious beliefs?
{ "text": [ "Plato, Aristotle and Jesus" ], "answer_start": [ 555 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
6418b893d3e991991eca7720d62708248ad6293d
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Besides the Bible, what was translated to Latin?
{ "text": [ "Plato's works" ], "answer_start": [ 288 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
1460046c67fc06f4a2e62a20db8025b3982d6275
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
What did scholars give to the world to help them experience the words of ancient figures?
{ "text": [ "translation" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
847ff56efdae1ffeff3e2adf900bb01103b43145
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Which Renaissance scholar introduced the world Plato from what we now consider an ancient language?
{ "text": [ "Marsilio Ficino" ], "answer_start": [ 320 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
f24ba963f4d31c3f930d6f8811c021979d214ce2
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Why did the new period in translation begin other than translations of Plato?
{ "text": [ "Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament" ], "answer_start": [ 346 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
ac6253e4b97608557413913d7b1584fa65859801
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Readers demanded what as a result of the New Testament and Plato's works?
{ "text": [ "translation" ], "answer_start": [ 64 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
d2e2f918c8b200ddb42d71ee4ce3df6ce4e7ff61
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
Which figure was exhibited in Hebrew works, later translated to Latin?
{ "text": [ "Jesus" ], "answer_start": [ 576 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
7ec6eeb138bc2ef9b966796448dfc89519956d89
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
What happened after 1453?
{ "text": [ "first" ], "answer_start": [ 436 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
d1e88d9f69f511735bd7c86a3b2076bc3ffc7efc
Translation
Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by Marsilio Ficino. This and Erasmus' Latin edition of the New Testament led to a new attitude to translation. For the first time, readers demanded rigor of rendering, as philosophical and religious beliefs depended on the exact words of Plato, Aristotle and Jesus.
People became more demanding of what pratice?
{ "text": [ "translation" ], "answer_start": [ 415 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
0f67f0f3e5f5c5428bd540243783822be2a19aa2
East_India_Company
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:
Who took control?
{ "text": [ "Britain" ], "answer_start": [ 46 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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East_India_Company
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:
Which of the following did not increase the demand for Indian commodities: increased availability of raw material, higher standards of living or the need to sustain the troops?
{ "text": [ "higher standards of living" ], "answer_start": [ 334 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
8359c3b1f73ad14dfc3a10717edaf644b54f99a9
East_India_Company
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:
What led to a higher standard of living in Britain?
{ "text": [ "the advent of the Industrial Revolution" ], "answer_start": [ 5 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
ac8835839a377d38b7290681ab33a59e2607f904
East_India_Company
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:
Which of the following was not part of a positive feedback loop: prosperity, war or production?
{ "text": [ "war" ], "answer_start": [ 194 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
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East_India_Company
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:
What were easier to get due to the industrial revolution?
{ "text": [ "raw materials" ], "answer_start": [ 236 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
76092defdebcc5af8babe22bcea72f1ffff94136
East_India_Company
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:
What was one of the factors leading to an increased need for Indian products?
{ "text": [ "the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war" ], "answer_start": [ 136 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }
0eb4baebd7ca6b6603490fa261b86e1c17ac0aba
East_India_Company
With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, Britain surged ahead of its European rivals. Demand for Indian commodities was boosted by the need to sustain the troops and the economy during the war, and by the increased availability of raw materials and efficient methods of production. As home to the revolution, Britain experienced higher standards of living. Its spiralling cycle of prosperity, demand and production had a profound influence on overseas trade. The company became the single largest player in the British global market. William Henry Pyne notes in his book The Microcosm of London (1808) that:
Who almost has a monopoly?
{ "text": [ "The company" ], "answer_start": [ 464 ] }
{ "split": "train", "model_in_the_loop": "Combined" }