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c650699b8b5a45c02d2ff965bf9fa97fcab9ab29 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What tells us that the Roman Empire had a lot of influence? | {
"text": [
"The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8159bce177eec82cfc64c1390e7b2f4c2161c276 | Southern_Europe | The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages. | What is admirable about the Roman Empire? | {
"text": [
"The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1abe8b6836e2c4258ad329cd1bdf00f738b8a1a9 | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | The city state form of government eventually expanded to an? | {
"text": [
"empire"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fdaa625933159d77adfb62208c9d6b6df12114d1 | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | Where was Alexander the Great viewed as a leader? | {
"text": [
"expansive empire"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5515b5b08f7827d44874a5424f62b3c19e9bbbe9 | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | Where did Alexander the Great live? | {
"text": [
"expansive empire"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
81ccec511511eda7e6239dcf4354781947c846d0 | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | Where did Alexander the Great rule over? | {
"text": [
"expansive empire"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e2e5fdaaba9abbb8ed47500e87994609c2508f15 | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | What did Greece give in their area and throughout Asia | {
"text": [
"influence"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3fd76a04f81e544aa99265372e69fed21a7bebde | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | Growth in city states reach a peak in what area | {
"text": [
"Ancient Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
edfbc7950117ca4e62ccf3eda5f7a79c0c89c80f | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | Alexander the Great was? | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1ad59e103f64f0a08b09652b1c6fdbe146d4ee9b | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | Alexander the great started his expansion from what based area | {
"text": [
"Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2e0d36e9cc9385aa993618be4520f7fa48d4632b | Southern_Europe | The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia. | Greek influence went to? | {
"text": [
"Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
38e0296d5087751fe1c4764255352bc613bb0722 | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | When were large bills introduced? | {
"text": [
"1946"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f491864468eadd380eba5ddae46576b9c972fb19 | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | What bill are no longer in use? | {
"text": [
"$500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
35a590beae11963a504e5b2f44f618ac1a761ab9 | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | What stopped the use of larger denominations? | {
"text": [
"executive order"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f10360094b4863b72205e111ddc4efd8a43177ba | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | Who got rid of large bills? | {
"text": [
"Richard Nixon"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0aa0c1ce3460c2e6c12312be7577eaec568ac61e | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | What is the median printed denomination? | {
"text": [
"$10"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
914cdb6dbb372c511c08b663d251d470b2aaebc0 | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | What was the largest printed denomination? | {
"text": [
"$100,000"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1a217f6537643855319a18a7b2493448a1f73e0b | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | What is the smallest amount of money available? | {
"text": [
"$1"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
aebbc00df3919c2117f5e8e554fbfafcb13a34cf | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | Nixon tried to crack down on? | {
"text": [
"crime"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9c47c29ed3fe7b8a8e94cd12a5fe09a6e5925782 | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | A number like 1 or 100 is a what for a bill? | {
"text": [
"denomination"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
59cd7e534621cc719fce12962959a5ea89bd7497 | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | What is the second largest printed denomination? | {
"text": [
"50"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
49d2d692ce39ecdbedee546c1cd6e0d7aaf7d235 | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | A $10,000 bill is actually? | {
"text": [
"worth more"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
807af650791a8b4ec1b646cb70c5d433ecc15bda | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | When did the creation of larger denominations halt? | {
"text": [
"1946"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a00cb0a34e37036d948eb03a6dcc6733c2b6a46d | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors. | What is the median of the bills currently used? | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0089dfc48cbae3f00809a0c6b10b2ab5ee2c3eea | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | When was the half dollar last issued by the government? | {
"text": [
"1970"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3bb506e0524112e0daa08928a90f472ac7e0808b | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | How much was the gold standard worth in 1965? | {
"text": [
"$35"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5d6b0263aa18e84bae02285459c7289b896b5bda | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | In what form did the silver content change the least after 1964? | {
"text": [
"Silver half dollars"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f50c53f277ea91e831fec6d34cbc59f8db13eac2 | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | In what measure is gold weighed for figuring out the price? | {
"text": [
"troy ounce"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b0a8b96d07e488ce316cc10416fb1034a46ffb16 | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | What is the relationship of 23.22 grains of gold, and the setting price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67? | {
"text": [
"equivalent"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2f7c2bd394778f8b4e2edf1c842257e56b87f55 | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | By the last change to the Gold Standard act, what was the price of an ounce of gold? | {
"text": [
"$35"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c023dac4882b4bd6938f2c098cb2e2ace31ec6a1 | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | In what year was the last change to the Gold Standard Act? | {
"text": [
"1968"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
390c9b5a6c5d7922f1bd4575795547d81e826e7b | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | A single troy ounce of gold was equal to how many grains in 1965? | {
"text": [
"13.71"
],
"answer_start": [
538
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
cc74a692c8b962dcebfb318cdf64b25faf86385c | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | What saw silver eliminated from it? | {
"text": [
"dimes and quarters"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d383d8b0e9833085c3efef3038c57b35d0284713 | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | What fate did the bimetallic standard have? | {
"text": [
"abandoned"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7f98e123a5b8d621960a97dde4373c07eee30bab | United_States_dollar | The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968. | What saw its silver content decreased but not eliminated? | {
"text": [
"half dollar"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4e2e396632a7575b2024ca0ec79912172254870f | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | How were some collectors fooled when seeking error coins? | {
"text": [
"duped into buying \"upside down lettering error\" coins"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
241a4216acceba5827790c34e8be95056ce5108b | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | Which group was primarily eager to obtain Washington Error coins? | {
"text": [
"collectors"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f2d5fd1370008c3a36b7c24c87ec049fd3103f3f | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | What items discussed here briefly have limitations? | {
"text": [
"vending machines"
],
"answer_start": [
1135
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
eec5fb37f7f6cd7d76fdc867d28e7c25a1aab9be | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | How were some unlucky souls conned? | {
"text": [
"amateur collectors were initially duped into buying \"upside down lettering error\" coins"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0fa50374c5f2a17adc7c4f5959f6089e539d8bf9 | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | What type of money do vending machines use to make change? | {
"text": [
"coins"
],
"answer_start": [
1273
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2b490747db703b664ba145abb28b1ad3bba09dfc | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | How is the theory of the federal reserve making more profit from dollar bills flawed? | {
"text": [
"new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones"
],
"answer_start": [
925
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c7605a1510078a034a34d234031509d07372fdbd | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | What doesn't make a lot of sense here? | {
"text": [
"new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones"
],
"answer_start": [
925
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
18ad673bb7f66ecd973c2fe516035f54cd0c5ff8 | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | How did you know if you could make bank off a coin? | {
"text": [
"the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions \"E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6a272d6c9f5b01fd96abf1a1b451563f859cc55f | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | Which of the following is NOT a state that received error coins: Tennessee, Philadelphia or Florida? | {
"text": [
"Philadelphia"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b80b5b14e9691b819407bdd513fd0b002dd17484 | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | What state contained the most error coins in the Washington badge collection? | {
"text": [
"mostly Philadelphia"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2fb892416b6d7a39eca81d5615ccb8eb53c7fc34 | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | How could the problem of "where" have been answered easily? | {
"text": [
"opening a mint pack also containing marked units"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6ce6a8ce58f24a3eddb07b1609dbb0680173adb7 | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | Why does the Federal Reserve make more money from coins? | {
"text": [
"The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins"
],
"answer_start": [
881
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
578d585bbde50cd817d5def0c972acd5ce7fe1ac | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | Why are some of the Washington coins as expensive as $850 each? | {
"text": [
"coin included error coins"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9feeef2c56b26cd4f61e7a22b2f5604466561b72 | United_States_dollar | Early releases of the Washington coin included error coins shipped primarily from the Philadelphia mint to Florida and Tennessee banks. Highly sought after by collectors, and trading for as much as $850 each within a week of discovery, the error coins were identified by the absence of the edge impressions "E PLURIBUS UNUM IN GOD WE TRUST 2007 P". The mint of origin is generally accepted to be mostly Philadelphia, although identifying the source mint is impossible without opening a mint pack also containing marked units. Edge lettering is minted in both orientations with respect to "heads", some amateur collectors were initially duped into buying "upside down lettering error" coins. Some cynics also erroneously point out that the Federal Reserve makes more profit from dollar bills than dollar coins because they wear out in a few years, whereas coins are more permanent. The fallacy of this argument arises because new notes printed to replace worn out notes, which have been withdrawn from circulation, bring in no net revenue to the government to offset the costs of printing new notes and destroying the old ones. As most vending machines are incapable of making change in banknotes, they commonly accept only $1 bills, though a few will give change in dollar coins. | Which is actually less profitable, dollar bills or coins? | {
"text": [
"bills"
],
"answer_start": [
785
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c304fe8b475857df0e24fc01aa107c5244f0b212 | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | What conclusion was drawn by the Phillips curve? | {
"text": [
"inflation was regarded as relatively benign"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
323fffd98ad812055afb3dd5a6facf71094c9f14 | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | When did the U.S. dollar depreciate much of its value? | {
"text": [
"Between 1965 and 1981"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
74bbb5445e0b30e2eec5d86b58661e40ef31e4fe | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | What did the Federal Reserve have to do once gold was out of the picture? | {
"text": [
"maintain the value of the U.S. currency"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
af5ed477c0e26eeba7d4a5797b4606e9fa6240a7 | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | What replaced gold? | {
"text": [
"Federal Reserve"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b7a15b9c66a310972c4110d0a3426fee14da676b | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | What area did the Phillips curve cover? | {
"text": [
"economic"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
74d30d6666ac6850566582181601abee307118a1 | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | What economic phenomenon occurred in 1970s? | {
"text": [
"stagflation"
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3bcdad34284ed1a4d729cf1c5b45cadf77b34182 | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | Inflation resulted in what happening to American currency? | {
"text": [
"lost two thirds of its value"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f7ee5ed01e96095ea3e754ef199aa8c72454b657 | United_States_dollar | The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value. | Why did the Federal Reserve pump money into the economy? | {
"text": [
"the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve)"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f97847708f6a47a4934cb4dc507c740d2754de9c | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | How did the motors being expensive reflect on the American inventor? | {
"text": [
"Davenport went bankrupt"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
777a636e100f28ac7841ffcf5682f309dadcbb9b | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | Which happened later, Sturgeon invented the first commutator electric motor or Davenport went bankrupt? | {
"text": [
"Davenport went bankrupt"
],
"answer_start": [
522
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2932fc4bc0a0fd2645776b99c2986cbd381ce84a | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | When did Davenport build his motor? | {
"text": [
"Following Sturgeon's work"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
20e48e3cae4e767b94d868c29d1739a41324cf26 | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | What is another way to say direct current? | {
"text": [
"DC"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dc53bb5eed534eaf0c01dbda95fd08bda76032cf | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | Why were Sturgeon and the other DC motor inventors unsuccessful? | {
"text": [
"there was no practical commercial market for these motors"
],
"answer_start": [
754
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1bf9a5d5d4b8a542f2cbe6a4fc1ad0c24bfca37f | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | Which of the following was not powered by Davenport's motors: machine tools, inventors or a printing press? | {
"text": [
"inventors"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
15dd2425ea65a969e70bd32f421e40d2ca917fe6 | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | What was common between the inventors? | {
"text": [
"Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors"
],
"answer_start": [
731
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9646316186e78896d891e3d02cc67526ef745635 | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | What is another name for DC motors? | {
"text": [
"commutator-type direct-current electric motor"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9bbc7f176bb48026b1056da97516849985f1c5c4 | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | How was a printing press powered? | {
"text": [
"motors"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
70430e926338abcaa6bdfcf4189f0c521e4741e1 | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | What was patented in 1837? | {
"text": [
"a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
88797f932bb164ebfc3c82a388a280611f208817 | Electric_motor | The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors. | Which machinist did NOT go bankrupt? | {
"text": [
"Sturgeon"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5c41c0ab37ed1ef942c50dcdc7e322409b3739d3 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | stepper motors contains? | {
"text": [
"an internal rotor"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
50dedeceff48754d7bdc6ad9b13c2b5d1087ffbf | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | What may rotate continuously? | {
"text": [
"synchronous motor"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f93e68a067124938171a78288fee944929d91f10 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | what is the fourth word in the first paragraph? | {
"text": [
"a"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ae1374433bb6be7299d974fe9e22c69a9a0680d3 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | How does the step operation function? | {
"text": [
"starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
881f848dfbb6c252db3b9ff269ec97e2dd685201 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | what is the third word in the first paragraph ? | {
"text": [
"are"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
24f8db33dc598d694ff4c5ff91caf20243edcc00 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | The motor frequently used when precise rotations are required doesn't always? | {
"text": [
"rotate continuously"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
34f15b1ba11b2e7ba9c3b6a790f2569cd644a92e | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | What works outside the motor with poles? | {
"text": [
"magnets"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5b1817790d73ecb09bf4ea7604a6d994af643e90 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | The motor frequently used when precise rotations are required is not a? | {
"text": [
"synchronous motor"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
72b2d2024e645a21f5f320e95f717aeb2dd16242 | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | The motor frequently used when precise rotations are required can turn? | {
"text": [
"forwards or backwards"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
312c12335af418b0f5766406f7158ee03acee03c | Electric_motor | Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time. | what is the last word in the paragraph? | {
"text": [
"time"
],
"answer_start": [
878
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c3a3c3c904b2b662b8e39fa62a25c9d3f9d4aeb9 | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | What is opposite of cooling? | {
"text": [
"heating"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
58d7b958055535f4fa19f1d0f55ed21516ede29a | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | How is the DC power different? | {
"text": [
"particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
34e361421ce13814b8cf20b55778c2e47ae87748 | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | What is opposite of something that is out of the ordinary? | {
"text": [
"normal"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f931e67ef914beb75a2f2d62d00b0f30d970d3bd | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | Other than AC, what type of power can a motor run on? | {
"text": [
"DC"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
11bfa7bbbf16148fcc1761e285f68ed0db49a3f1 | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | What is key in universal motors? | {
"text": [
"universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6550feb4fd6cb4c3c82269e130ff2f1374b3f21e | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | When do universal motors operate on 1000 watts or less? | {
"text": [
"at normal power line frequencies"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
13c149b0478f1768f7936453aee71b5f481dd38c | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | What is the difference in motors? | {
"text": [
"the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8925ed896100b0f9580822d004d990baba44811e | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | What is opposite of often? | {
"text": [
"rarely"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1b82db99e1e736020d779a144f5ac274d03ff6d0 | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | How are the motors used? | {
"text": [
"railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b5e8b6d90bb707caa95edd9e4f04d1a0c2c04fb1 | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | Why would someone prefer to operate a DC motor using DC power? | {
"text": [
"efficiency losses"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
569be552ed55bb0a7e11428d7e28b9edb8367eba | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | What is the difference in operational power? | {
"text": [
"Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
583465330d65ccac4ac5633a8e295167fac5b091 | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | What can cause negative outcomes when operating a DC motor on AC current? | {
"text": [
"eddy current heating of their magnetic components"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
34e08a50b8cebaac6c47e554e040ece283c627d3 | Electric_motor | Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used. | Why might someone not want to power a DC motor using AC current? | {
"text": [
"efficiency losses"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7273e1ee3cbed97332c27e9459aa0ddee337360e | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | What happens to the material in a rotor? | {
"text": [
"will stay magnetized"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
20ac9e6457f4753e4b488cbbedf03026162c21d7 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | How many phases do Hysteresis synchronous motors have? | {
"text": [
"two-phase"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5e306b7101e3ee735da4621ccdf2b5e65cab5b59 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | What type of motor does not involve the rotor becoming magnetized? | {
"text": [
"induction"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
11fa2604b34dcfa3012cbf706eb28651ca108681 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | How many phases of a hysteresis synchronous motor do not use a phase-shifting capacitor? | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c396c07ffb5f9adb868391b47f1fdaf04238d709 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | What is the capacitor used for? | {
"text": [
"phase-shifting"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bfa7914c305027839798753d908f45a61f4b3834 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | What is the smooth cylinder in the motor? | {
"text": [
"the rotor"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7b05820a67ca12a34710cfead61d2d3dbc2a77cd | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | What acts like a PMSM? | {
"text": [
"rotor"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0a36c327fe30e55373f2b53dd7bc955b1137df69 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | How long does the rotor remain magnetized? | {
"text": [
"temporarily"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8c7438856d4b0906af30b7e98bc581f08a4857a4 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift. | What are some of the parts of the rotor? | {
"text": [
"distributed poles"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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