id
stringlengths 40
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| title
stringlengths 3
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| context
stringlengths 152
3.36k
| question
stringlengths 1
296
| answers
sequence | metadata
dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
38a059ee8d4a13eb9883d87fb1272aadbec19dfe | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | What did Rory Gallagher do for a living? | {
"text": [
"guitarist"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
131319e0d19da218bc3e58cffeaa3efca5a4de15 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | Langille's job is? | {
"text": [
"mandolinists"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
e8e85df8047728d9d26829b5109319c1caef1b49 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | I addition to having oval holes, what other feature did instruments from Fylde Guitars have? | {
"text": [
"flat-backed"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fa3423a677c49c7ee8dc66174fb1abd640ea353d | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | Who makes mandolins? | {
"text": [
"Stefan Sobell"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a54e384e03c79e0d0a60b9f071d487337485d286 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | What job does Andy Irvine do? | {
"text": [
"mandolinists"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
677e3d47b3707265650a80691059115462707729 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | Moloney's job is? | {
"text": [
"mandolinists"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4160c63001f81aa8346327b4791cae27f68160a1 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | What was the shape of the instruments created in Northumberland? | {
"text": [
"arched"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
10d55309f7f74496dbb40759a21c9c8f695df211 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | Kelly's job is? | {
"text": [
"mandolinists"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9997772c53d661625e2950181a25291e9ef72b20 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | I addition to the tenor banjo, what did Barney McKenna play? | {
"text": [
"mandolin"
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ca2ebb30c9d65d19e400a5e321cea41d2369f879 | Mandolin | Noteworthy Irish mandolinists include Andy Irvine (who, like Johnny Moynihan, almost always tunes the top E down to D, to achieve an open tuning of GDAD), Paul Brady, Mick Moloney, Paul Kelly and Claudine Langille. John Sheahan and the late Barney McKenna, respectively fiddle player and tenor banjo player with The Dubliners, are also accomplished Irish mandolin players. The instruments used are either flat-backed, oval hole examples as described above (made by UK luthier Roger Bucknall of Fylde Guitars), or carved-top, oval hole instruments with arched back (made by Stefan Sobell in Northumberland). The Irish guitarist Rory Gallagher often played the mandolin on stage, and he most famously used it in the song "Going To My Hometown." | What does Andy Irvine do for a living? | {
"text": [
"mandolinists"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a126e0973dec7aed8a187fabb6862e6aacf58d78 | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | In Adelstein's opinion, which mandolin was inferior in sound? | {
"text": [
"the Lombardi mandolin"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4113d0b3a0cb4f368b2bd2128b5e6ddff722246a | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | what type of string is mentioned third to last? | {
"text": [
"gut"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4871938e2379ff7d04bb18375e0d3b1ecd1bd177 | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | what instrument is mentioned last? | {
"text": [
"Neapolitan"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a4d7c740aa593b575c0c038c562966c3f1f0d3a7 | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | what type of string is mentioned fourth to last? | {
"text": [
"nylon"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
78b1adcb553acf56a6f86c72a1424bfeb4edcd63 | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | Other than differing mandolins, the Lombardi mandolin is compared to what instrument? | {
"text": [
"a guitar"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0bb9fa0eba910f067f1e4c48465c5ba875cc921a | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | Which of the following is not a type of mandolin: Lombardi, Adelstein or Neapolitan? | {
"text": [
"Adelstein"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
291bf7eb8d45bae638f6bc6692c67ba69da97d7f | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | Which instrument is the subject of the passage? | {
"text": [
"mandolin"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1e87d8a056388a19f6e8b9f353f9abee9fba4121 | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Lombardi mandolin: wider, double steel strings, or shallower back? | {
"text": [
"double steel string"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fc1c4c3cd6d78002e22f2b85e9fbbe2adc24e868 | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | which instrument was also mentioned besides the mandolins? | {
"text": [
"guitar"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d5c63ec1bcd232346f72d00b63aea645d3c4267a | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | which type of string was said to be superior? | {
"text": [
"double steel string"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b14661fde14eb9a397b366c988448918e8dc5be4 | Mandolin | Samuel Adelstein described the Lombardi mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombardi was tuned C, D, A, E, B, G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and the gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." | Were there fewer frets or octaves? | {
"text": [
"octaves"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
58b2826714fcf09b273f3cf8aada7ccb8e78443e | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | Vivaldi and Barbella wrote for the? | {
"text": [
"mandolin"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3abcda5072844a1238dea8ddc9a92e97c31b2bde | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | A duo of what appears? | {
"text": [
"two mandolins"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
60954dd8da0db835bf6d116117e710de9314ae08 | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | How many concertos for a single mandolin did Vivaldi compose? | {
"text": [
"a mandolin concerto"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c65b7d8ee9a2ec3ec5ea470d7aca3671c6dc6d77 | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | Who composed the only mandolin piece that was not in a major key? | {
"text": [
"Domenico Scarlatti"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
047df0abd59e63f414e89efdc828f692a6d95050 | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | What other instrument was most often paired with the mandolin? | {
"text": [
"Basso Continuo"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7d3085d983c4e0b6c8d11c5669169dd9a3da2ce5 | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | Who created a variation of Vivaldi's mandolin concerto? | {
"text": [
"Don Giovanni and Beethoven"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1b5d1bbb6cce6bbb6d75b3268d82184f453a2845 | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | How was Guerra's sonata for mandolin different than the others'? | {
"text": [
"G"
],
"answer_start": [
744
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d2adaeebfc49b67fad96be1aad1b4d64f0210cca | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | What was Scarlatti's Sonata in? | {
"text": [
"D minor"
],
"answer_start": [
672
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ac964f098c2bad29fcb3bc21f342de322a8b2f80 | Mandolin | Antonio Vivaldi composed a mandolin concerto (Concerto in C major Op.3 6) and two concertos for two mandolins and orchestra. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart placed it in his 1787 work Don Giovanni and Beethoven created four variations of it. Antonio Maria Bononcini composed La conquista delle Spagne di Scipione Africano il giovane in 1707 and George Frideric Handel composed Alexander Balus in 1748. Others include Giovani Battista Gervasio (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Giuseppe Giuliano (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Emanuele Barbella (Sonata in D major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), Domenico Scarlatti (Sonata n.54 (K.89) in D minor for Mandolin and Basso Continuo), and Addiego Guerra (Sonata in G major for Mandolin and Basso Continuo). | Bononcini and Vivaldi both knew how to do what? | {
"text": [
"composed"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d478ac87cd54d377e1cfa8658d4a40156b1e6e91 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | What features of court politics was in later Eastern Han? | {
"text": [
"violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5f528c3b3458f7edd5b483a122cece9d20b811b8 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | What happened three years after the Qiang rebellion ended? | {
"text": [
"Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD)"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
93b9afc47ae1387439cfa5728f5455fd72d1ea2c | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | What year did Emperor He come to power? | {
"text": [
"88"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b15e7e53b396740bb0241a8302ed3fe1a43a2811 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was the parent of Emperor He? | {
"text": [
"Consort Liang"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
12b36805c33e485c09d64ed7629700966cb4d2a2 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was Deng Sui's husband? | {
"text": [
"Emperor He"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4d5dc064c1543a5b1a062c3281b32bf31cc8c9c5 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who died first between Zheng Zhong and Emperor He? | {
"text": [
"Emperor He"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dd468397f29ba2928770bd9637a7af58bdcb8470 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was He's mother-in-law? | {
"text": [
"Liang"
],
"answer_start": [
541
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ff1219d9efd3de07ae7da60bf96d9e00838223b1 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was He's mother? | {
"text": [
"Consort Liang"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
22a497a5dcad58d99fe393625bccf801f4082202 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Whose reign began in 88 AD? | {
"text": [
"He"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d5117a8f769485fa9b3e7e6b2b6be9f556283d03 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was Consort Liang's child? | {
"text": [
"Emperor He"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8e2874397583b2122e6b793bd49418240a16d6f2 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was He's first wife? | {
"text": [
"Dou"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4847c78407e74d64be4e058fa1b5f5c599516540 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was He's father? | {
"text": [
"Zhang"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a6a1d6512b179f6ce1d92f6bb1496fc0b38bd6ab | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who reigned in 107 AD? | {
"text": [
"Empress Deng Sui"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8da3b440f1c7564dbf7a218f06be2778111c824d | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | Who was the ruler before Emperor He? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Zhang"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3d282bab3de5f35e15fbdd1702bf1ee2a796535a | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | What year did Emperor Zhang come to power? | {
"text": [
"75"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b573576a5d8ad8952db45f223b26b793708ca7c6 | Han_dynasty | Emperor Zhang's (r. 75β88 AD) reign came to be viewed by later Eastern Han scholars as the high point of the dynastic house. Subsequent reigns were increasingly marked by eunuch intervention in court politics and their involvement in the violent power struggles of the imperial consort clans. With the aid of the eunuch Zheng Zhong (d. 107 AD), Emperor He (r. 88β105 AD) had Empress Dowager Dou (d. 97 AD) put under house arrest and her clan stripped of power. This was in revenge for Dou's purging of the clan of his natural motherβConsort Liangβand then concealing her identity from him. After Emperor He's death, his wife Empress Deng Sui (d. 121 AD) managed state affairs as the regent empress dowager during a turbulent financial crisis and widespread Qiang rebellion that lasted from 107 to 118 AD. | What happened in 105 AD? | {
"text": [
"Emperor He's death"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8e9598c5bb62782615038095ac12a917585546f2 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | What was the basis of algebra? | {
"text": [
"Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bd63b10d53b1bd4d0274b8fe1de9692ef12e1815 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | To a non-mathematician, what would be a simile for a cube? | {
"text": [
"square"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d38d05072d9c07482aca605f35641409bbc2c6dd | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | According to Han, what is math? | {
"text": [
"Art"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5d7882f4a913fe213c0cbc92f9b189fbf46e15f2 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | What type of geometrical shape did Pythagorean theorem address? | {
"text": [
"right-angle triangles"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8840ae2176ba449435c3c08a3c4b616ba72202fb | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | If the number of remaining Han treatises is one-third of the number of Han Chapters on the Mathematical Art, how many treatises remain? | {
"text": [
"Three"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b0dd6c68bd9048aeb7569aaefea49ca3dd8e7212 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | What is geometry based on? | {
"text": [
"Han mathematical treatises"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d345b31e8cec820141fddbadcf892c2b831c2c06 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | What specific treaty contains Geometry? | {
"text": [
"Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d26b312c25adfe2b4eadb320ff1839b4146b44e6 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | What is approximately equal to 3.14159? | {
"text": [
"pi"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b784d3d29e1205ef81d1b110682743010c80ed5d | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | What allowed us to break numbers down into more than just whole numbers? | {
"text": [
"decimal fraction"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9d96416f74bc8ba2293a98025de74c12d742b406 | Han_dynasty | Three Han mathematical treatises still exist. These are the Book on Numbers and Computation, the Arithmetical Classic of the Gnomon and the Circular Paths of Heaven and the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art. Han-era mathematical achievements include solving problems with right-angle triangles, square roots, cube roots, and matrix methods, finding more accurate approximations for pi, providing mathematical proof of the Pythagorean theorem, use of the decimal fraction, Gaussian elimination to solve linear equations, and continued fractions to find the roots of equations. | When did math really start to blossom? | {
"text": [
"Han-era"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
d9a3a21d9d4739352e8f2f92805947e9bf33a97e | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | Who did Emperor Wu persuade to begin studying Confucianism? | {
"text": [
"nominees for office"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
63a9a2ece45d95351f697a6e22f7cfc9aaa11142 | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | Who first adopted the theory of Confucianism? | {
"text": [
"Confucius"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
69f97a48ef07355087fb87b811899bcd012717bb | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | Dong Zhongshu's Confucianism was different from the one of? | {
"text": [
"Confucius"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
476ea8f893522110fcd1de7614c868abb70fd757 | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | Legalism and Huang-Lao Daoism lost ground to? | {
"text": [
"Confucianism"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
89733e573ef6f05bc92d11e63370ff6f7ac9db08 | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | Dong Zhongshu wanted his ideology of Han Confucianism to unite the government's system with what? | {
"text": [
"the natural order of the universe"
],
"answer_start": [
951
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c86fc574e3884eee6645a24af03bd44c1e752626 | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | Which occurred first, the birth of Dong Zhongshu or Emperor Wu establishing the Imperial University? | {
"text": [
"Dong Zhongshu"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fb672583c913698d2600a55b40e39a4b7f7bf89d | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | What educational place that wasn't a commandery-level school or private school in small towns existed? | {
"text": [
"Imperial University"
],
"answer_start": [
990
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4813d733856fed39d31b9406c97f2cc0eb239862 | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bΓ³shΓ¬ ε士) not dealing with the Confucian Five Classics in 136 BC and encouraged nominees for office to receive a Confucian-based education at the Imperial University that he established in 124 BC. Unlike the original ideology espoused by Confucius, or Kongzi (551β479 BC), Han Confucianism in Emperor Wu's reign was the creation of Dong Zhongshu (179β104 BC). Dong was a scholar and minor official who aggregated the ethical Confucian ideas of ritual, filial piety, and harmonious relationships with five phases and yin-yang cosmologies. Much to the interest of the ruler, Dong's synthesis justified the imperial system of government within the natural order of the universe. The Imperial University grew in importance as the student body grew to over 30,000 by the 2nd century AD. A Confucian-based education was also made available at commandery-level schools and private schools opened in small towns, where teachers earned respectable incomes from tuition payments. | Who established the Imperial University? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Wu"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
9774b5aa84a9b43ff666688536e920f9c30c22b3 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | what nation is been talked about? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
13d533be10e01a5bd60d9413f61ddf16c7a0d5d7 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | the rebellion happened when? | {
"text": [
"Within four years"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fdc4a53e48811f05383efaf459c04a50775bb71f | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | Who beat Xiang Yu, Qin Shi Huangdi or Liu Bang? | {
"text": [
"Liu Bang"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5962705e05ddd9813078633fb61a9bb270ba1349 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | Who was the first emperor in Han dynasty? | {
"text": [
"Liu Bang"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c22e3e61c14282248f467e8bfd8d3742934b451c | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | What is the name of dynasty after Qin? | {
"text": [
"Han"
],
"answer_start": [
866
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
39d2927d6debd2e51192839df01781662b32ef6d | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | Which happened first, Liu Bang defeated Xiang Yu at the Battle of Gaixia or Liu Bang died? | {
"text": [
"Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
fab75262bcc6f0c7f12730f5daad67f67e4894d1 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | Who died after 200 BC, Xiang Yu or Liu Bang? | {
"text": [
"Liu Bang"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
335a777d6dead85f3279a61dde7af07440d461b0 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | In what year BC did the Qin dynasty end? | {
"text": [
"206"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
6999b5a15a271db909a7548fb5ea41bd38c65a27 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | Who died before 196 BC, Xiang Yu or Liu Bang? | {
"text": [
"Xiang Yu"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3810eacc68921189157c716e0c9673b1108046e9 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | Who died later, Xiang Yu or Liu Bang? | {
"text": [
"Liu Bang"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
49bad8cc081088c88fbf625a99122d587b4e6069 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | who is Liu Bang? | {
"text": [
"former rebel leaders"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
56a7f936d3207e2c8348d71f5e7a99db6f5a7103 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | what name in the passage starts with a L? | {
"text": [
"Liu Bang"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
47fd800a8777f51d24cfc4773321d5dbdca38b28 | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | Who was the first emperor in Han, Xiang Yu or Liu Bang? | {
"text": [
"Liu Bang"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
63e06eb82c27d2c2ed01c1467ec484193b6b58ab | Han_dynasty | China's first imperial dynasty was the Qin dynasty (221β206 BC). The Qin unified the Chinese Warring States by conquest, but their empire became unstable after the death of the first emperor Qin Shi Huangdi. Within four years, the dynasty's authority had collapsed in the face of rebellion. Two former rebel leaders, Xiang Yu (d. 202 BC) of Chu and Liu Bang (d. 195 BC) of Han, engaged in a war to decide who would become hegemon of China, which had fissured into 18 kingdoms, each claiming allegiance to either Xiang Yu or Liu Bang. Although Xiang Yu proved to be a capable commander, Liu Bang defeated him at Battle of Gaixia (202 BC), in modern-day Anhui. Liu Bang assumed the title "emperor" (huangdi) at the urging of his followers and is known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu (r. 202β195 BC). Chang'an was chosen as the new capital of the reunified empire under Han. | How to call the first emperor in Han Dynasty? | {
"text": [
"Gaozu"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5603147f20a4b4f0bbced6120dfe885210cefd19 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | Which of the following was a city: Shao, Luoyang or Dong? | {
"text": [
"Luoyang"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
865339c2553cbb62a1e4089d7d7d1370926a815d | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | Who replaced Shao as emperor? | {
"text": [
"his brother Liu Xie"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
2c4207bf0794bb0e4291496a240d00969181ca1b | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | who was mentioned last? | {
"text": [
"Emperor Shao"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
4856486f36257b4369b7a2ddc67d700d051a1577 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | who was mentioned second to last? | {
"text": [
"Dong Zhuo"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b17b28213d6c02f0f249e5003e67b7a851c70b26 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | Which of the following was never emperor: Dong Zhuo, Yuan Shao or Liu Xie? | {
"text": [
"Dong Zhuo"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
f3a42b88cbce666acf075a43e184b45cd0a54225 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | What event led to the general becoming Minister of Works? | {
"text": [
"General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
ef5b06e103aae611bc1f6c9266ba3030a734fd24 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | What did the former emperor do to get back at the Minister of Works? | {
"text": [
"led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
a01a22da0cb19de1c1d28dd41eb43af8b861ff35 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | What did Zhuo's distaste of the emperor make him do? | {
"text": [
"demoted Emperor Shao"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
3d4ab5fac33af6cce5c32ea1f332618d1b6eb71f | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | How did Shao ultimately leave this earth? | {
"text": [
"Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
eb232ec24981c0d69a0892ccec089d7ee2ff5d25 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | what place was mentioned last? | {
"text": [
"Chang'an"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
8f5296afb9ffed7b0d26754a11d9f1e6d2cf9a1f | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | what type of monarch was mentioned first? | {
"text": [
"emperor"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1128bc450eb6e371b88660dd8bfde359223f631b | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | Which of the following had more military experience, Dong Zhuo or Liu Xie? | {
"text": [
"Dong Zhuo"
],
"answer_start": [
8
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
0d80c730ae442d41844308935047ef699ed6eb87 | Han_dynasty | General Dong Zhuo (d. 192 AD) found the young emperor and his brother wandering in the countryside. He escorted them safely back to the capital and was made Minister of Works, taking control of Luoyang and forcing Yuan Shao to flee. After Dong Zhuo demoted Emperor Shao and promoted his brother Liu Xie as Emperor Xian, Yuan Shao led a coalition of former officials and officers against Dong, who burned Luoyang to the ground and resettled the court at Chang'an in May 191 AD. Dong Zhuo later poisoned Emperor Shao. | what time period was mentioned last? | {
"text": [
"May 191 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
633a14b43e959583474f1e5df3a2f78cfda6ba1c | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | Which event occurred first, the conquest of the Dian Kingdom or the establishments of Xauntu Commandery? | {
"text": [
"conquest of the Dian Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
7a01e3e197d81858f8ee79f3e8e61a7c33c10531 | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | What was Han's oldest conquest? | {
"text": [
"Nanyue"
],
"answer_start": [
325
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
bd0c01a3d2ddb6740b15da79138ea5879c5e740d | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | Which were there more of in China's first census, individuals or households? | {
"text": [
"individuals"
],
"answer_start": [
755
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
dbc6a9503c6c05cc9699ada0b0f8fcdc9bb53012 | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | What modern day country did the Han work to expand? | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
b4c02b3e8f91d15f8d86cce88e12570a74142ec5 | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | What did Han call his kingdom? | {
"text": [
"the Protectorate of the Western Regions"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
5fa38998e9ae65aa0b97b0db1c3f7a9e5eed86b9 | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | What BC year did Han forces begin fighting the Xiongnu in order to dominate the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin? | {
"text": [
"115"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
aeba050e716b5e1528e7ed52a19e48e2792d3aa1 | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | What was Han's most recent conquest? | {
"text": [
"the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
1e17f13134f5a80f48e9560b310e210b2ced303c | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | Which location was brought into the Han realm to later, Yunnan or parts of the Korean Peninsula? | {
"text": [
"parts of the Korean Peninsula"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
c83fd1b16579f8ae6a363cf6eb6b9184aa8724b4 | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conquest of Nanyue in 111 BC expanded the Han realm into what are now modern Guangdong, Guangxi, and northern Vietnam. Yunnan was brought into the Han realm with the conquest of the Dian Kingdom in 109 BC, followed by parts of the Korean Peninsula with the colonial establishments of Xuantu Commandery and Lelang Commandery in 108 BC. In China's first known nationwide census taken in 2 AD, the population was registered as having 57,671,400 individuals in 12,366,470 households. | Who was the ruler of Yunnan after 109BC? | {
"text": [
"The Han"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} | {
"split": "train",
"model_in_the_loop": "Combined"
} |
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