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Context: The empire went into decline thereafter. The Mughals suffered several blows due to invasions from Marathas and Afghans. During the decline of the Mughal Empire, several smaller states rose to fill the power vacuum and themselves were contributing factors to the decline. In 1737, the Maratha general Bajirao of the Maratha Empire invaded and plundered Delhi. Under the general Amir Khan Umrao Al Udat, the Mughal Emperor sent 8,000 troops to drive away the 5,000 Maratha cavalry soldiers. Baji Rao, however, easily routed the novice Mughal general and the rest of the imperial Mughal army fled. In 1737, in the final defeat of Mughal Empire, the commander-in-chief of the Mughal Army, Nizam-ul-mulk, was routed at Bhopal by the Maratha army. This essentially brought an end to the Mughal Empire. In 1739, Nader Shah, emperor of Iran, defeated the Mughal army at the Battle of Karnal. After this victory, Nader captured and sacked Delhi, carrying away many treasures, including the Peacock Throne. The Mughal dynasty was reduced to puppet rulers by 1757. The remnants of the Mughal dynasty were finally defeated during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also called the 1857 War of Independence, and the remains of the empire were formally taken over by the British while the Government of India Act 1858 let the British Crown assume direct control of India in the form of the new British Raj.
Question: What groups invaded and damaged the Mughals?
Answer: Marathas and Afghans
Question: Who attacked and plundered Delhi in 1737?
Answer: Maratha general Bajirao
Question: Who was the final Commander-in-chief of the Mughal army?
Answer: Nizam-ul-mulk
Question: What was the site of the final battle for the Mughals?
Answer: Bhopal
Question: What was the Indian Rebellion of 1857 also called?
Answer: 1857 War of Independence |
Context: Kathmandu is dissected by eight rivers, the main river of the valley, the Bagmati and its tributaries, of which the Bishnumati, Dhobi Khola, Manohara Khola, Hanumant Khola, and Tukucha Khola are predominant. The mountains from where these rivers originate are in the elevation range of 1,500–3,000 metres (4,900–9,800 ft), and have passes which provide access to and from Kathmandu and its valley. An ancient canal once flowed from Nagarjuna hill through Balaju to Kathmandu; this canal is now extinct.
Question: How many rivers travel through Kathmandu?
Answer: eight
Question: Where did the canal that once terminated in Kathmandu originate?
Answer: Nagarjuna hill
Question: How many feet high are the mountains from which the Bagmati flows?
Answer: 4,900–9,800 |
Context: After almost a year in the area around Peenemünde, Soviet officials moved most of the captured German rocket specialists to Gorodomlya Island on Lake Seliger, about 240 kilometers (150 mi) northwest of Moscow. They were not allowed to participate in Soviet missile design, but were used as problem-solving consultants to the Soviet engineers. They helped in the following areas: the creation of a Soviet version of the A-4; work on "organizational schemes"; research in improving the A-4 main engine; development of a 100-ton engine; assistance in the "layout" of plant production rooms; and preparation of rocket assembly using German components. With their help, particularly Helmut Groettrup's group, Korolev reverse-engineered the A-4 and built his own version of the rocket, the R-1, in 1948. Later, he developed his own distinct designs, though many of these designs were influenced by the Groettrup Group's G4-R10 design from 1949. The Germans were eventually repatriated in 1951–53.
Question: What year was the R1 rocket born?
Answer: 1948 |
Context: Various connectors have been used for smaller devices such as digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. These include the now-deprecated (i.e. de-certified but standardized) mini-A and mini-AB connectors; mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not OTG-compliant (On The Go, used in mobile devices). The mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both mini-A and mini-B plugs are approximately 3 by 7 mm; the mini-A connector and the mini-AB receptacle connector were deprecated on 23 May 2007.
Question: What has been used to connect digital cameras. smartphones and other devices to tablet computers?
Answer: Various connectors
Question: What was standard for transferring data to and from the earlier type of smartphones?
Answer: The mini-B USB connector
Question: How large are both mini-A and mini-B plugs?
Answer: approximately 3 by 7 mm
Question: When were the mini-A connector and and the mini-AB receptacle connector depreceated?
Answer: 23 May 2007 |
Context: In 1987, in Canada, Elizabeth publicly supported politically divisive constitutional amendments, prompting criticism from opponents of the proposed changes, including Pierre Trudeau. The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup. Elizabeth, as monarch of Fiji, supported the attempts of the Governor-General, Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau, to assert executive power and negotiate a settlement. Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic. By the start of 1991, republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of the Queen's private wealth—which were contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family. The involvement of the younger royals in the charity game show It's a Royal Knockout was ridiculed and the Queen was the target of satire.
Question: When did Elizabeth support constitutional amendments in Canada?
Answer: 1987
Question: What politician criticized the proposed changes?
Answer: Pierre Trudeau
Question: In 1987 what elected government was removed in a coup?
Answer: Fijian government
Question: What did coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka declare Fiji to be?
Answer: republic
Question: In 1991 what money issue of the Queen was a feature of public criticism?
Answer: private wealth
Question: What government was Pierre Trudeau prime minister of in 1987?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau become Governor-General of Fiji?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did It's a Royal Knockout air?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was one of the younger royals who appeared on It's a Royal Knockout?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who in the press made estimates about the Queen's private wealth?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some Presbyterian traditions adopt only the Westminster Confession of Faith as the doctrinal standard to which teaching elders are required to subscribe, in contrast to the Larger and Shorter catechisms, which are approved for use in instruction. Many Presbyterian denominations, especially in North America, have adopted all of the Westminster Standards as their standard of doctrine which is subordinate to the Bible. These documents are Calvinistic in their doctrinal orientation. The Presbyterian Church in Canada retains the Westminster Confession of Faith in its original form, while admitting the historical period in which it was written should be understood when it is read.
Question: What traditions do some Presbyterian churches only adopt as their doctrinal standard?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith
Question: Many Presbyterian churches in America have adopted this doctrine as their standard, what is it?
Answer: Westminster Standards
Question: The Presbyterian church in Canada has retains which Doctrine in its original form?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith
Question: Which confession does the Presbyterian Church in America retain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What should be understood when reading the Westminster Standards?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: South American Presbyterian denominations have adopted what type of standards?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Bible is subordinate to which doctrine in Presbyterianism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are ruling elders required to subscribe?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is for wealthy member countries to guarantee or purchase the debt of countries that have defaulted or are likely to default. This alternative requires that the tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries be used to refinance the previous borrowing of the weaker member countries, and is politically controversial.
Question: What would cause the private banking system to weaken?
Answer: if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks
Question: Who purchases the debt of countries that cannot repay and are in danger of default?
Answer: wealthy member countries
Question: What happens when the private banking system is weakened?
Answer: pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks
Question: What is to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt?
Answer: tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries
Question: Is using the tax revenues and credit of the more stable banks to bail out the ones in danger of default an accepted practice?
Answer: is politically controversial
Question: What would cause the private banking system to strengthen?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who steals the debt of countries that cannot repay and are in danger of default?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happens when the private banking system is gone?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is never to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why is using the tax revenues and credit of the more stable banks to bail out the ones in danger of default an accepted practice?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Richmond is located at 37°32′N 77°28′W / 37.533°N 77.467°W / 37.533; -77.467 (37.538, −77.462). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 62 square miles (160 km2), of which 60 square miles (160 km2) is land and 2.7 square miles (7.0 km2) of it (4.3%) is water. The city is located in the Piedmont region of Virginia, at the highest navigable point of the James River. The Piedmont region is characterized by relatively low, rolling hills, and lies between the low, sea level Tidewater region and the Blue Ridge Mountains. Significant bodies of water in the region include the James River, the Appomattox River, and the Chickahominy River.
Question: How many square kilometers is Richmond?
Answer: 160
Question: How many square miles of Richmond is water?
Answer: 2.7
Question: What percentage of Richmond is made up of water?
Answer: 4.3
Question: In which of Virginia's regions is Richmond?
Answer: Piedmont
Question: Along with the James and the Chickahominy, what is a notable river in the area near Richmond?
Answer: Appomattox |
Context: Initially the companies affected were those directly involved in home construction and mortgage lending such as Northern Rock and Countrywide Financial, as they could no longer obtain financing through the credit markets. Over 100 mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008. Concerns that investment bank Bear Stearns would collapse in March 2008 resulted in its fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase. The financial institution crisis hit its peak in September and October 2008. Several major institutions either failed, were acquired under duress, or were subject to government takeover. These included Lehman Brothers, Merrill Lynch, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, Washington Mutual, Wachovia, Citigroup, and AIG. On Oct. 6, 2008, three weeks after Lehman Brothers filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history, Lehman's former CEO found himself before Representative Henry A. Waxman, the California Democrat who chaired the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. Fuld said he was a victim of the collapse, blaming a "crisis of confidence" in the markets for dooming his firm.
Question: How many mortgage lenders went bankrupt during 2007 and 2008?
Answer: Over 100
Question: Who is the investment bank that was feared to collapse in March 2008 and was sold in a fire-sale to JP Morgan Chase?
Answer: Bear Stearns
Question: When did the financial institution crisis hit its peak?
Answer: September and October 2008
Question: When did Lehman's former CEO appear before Representative Henry A. Waxman?
Answer: Oct. 6, 2008
Question: What firm filed the largest bankruptcy in U.S. history?
Answer: Lehman Brothers |
Context: Ancient Greece had traditionally been a fractious collection of fiercely independent city-states. After the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC), Greece had fallen under a Spartan hegemony, in which Sparta was pre-eminent but not all-powerful. Spartan hegemony was succeeded by a Theban one after the Battle of Leuctra (371 BC), but after the Battle of Mantinea (362 BC), all of Greece was so weakened that no one state could claim pre-eminence. It was against this backdrop, that the ascendancy of Macedon began, under king Philip II. Macedon was located at the periphery of the Greek world, and although its royal family claimed Greek descent, the Macedonians themselves were looked down upon as semi-barbaric by the rest of the Greeks. However, Macedon had a relatively strong and centralised government, and compared to most Greek states, directly controlled a large area.
Question: When was the Peloponnesian War?
Answer: 431–404 BC
Question: What hegemoney replaced Sparta after the Battle of Leuctra?
Answer: Theban
Question: When was the Battle of Leuctra?
Answer: 371 BC
Question: When was the Battle of Mantinea?
Answer: 362 BC
Question: Which king lend the rise of Macedon?
Answer: Philip II |
Context: Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Countercurrent of 1967. Jiang Hua (term 1956-1968), was the "chief justice" on the Special Court in the case against the Gang of Four in 1980. Three provincial Party Secretaries since the 1990s have gone onto prominence at the national level. They include CPC General Secretary and President Xi Jinping (term 2002-2007), National People's Congress Chairman and former Vice-Premier Zhang Dejiang (term 1998-2002), and Zhao Hongzhu (term 2007-2012), the Deputy Secretary of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, China's top anti-corruption body. Of Zhejiang's fourteen Party Secretaries since 1949, none were native to the province.
Question: When was Tan Zhenlin's term as Zhenjiang's Communist Party Secretary?
Answer: 1949-1952
Question: Who was the inaugural Communist Party Secretary of Zhenjiang?
Answer: Tan Zhenlin
Question: When was the so-called February Countercurrent?
Answer: 1967
Question: When was Jiang Hua's term?
Answer: 1956-1968
Question: When was the case against the Gang of Four?
Answer: 1980
Question: What happened in 1948?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the March Countercurrent 1967?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the October Countercurrent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the case against the Gang of Five?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The members of The Beatles were made MBEs in 1965. John Lennon justified the comparative merits of his investiture by comparing military membership in the Order: "Lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE [status] received theirs for heroism in the war – for killing people… We received ours for entertaining other people. I'd say we deserve ours more." Lennon later returned his MBE insignia on 25 November 1969 as part of his ongoing peace protests. Other criticism centres on the claim that many recipients of the Order are being rewarded with honours for simply doing their jobs; critics claim that the civil service and judiciary receive far more orders and honours than leaders of other professions.
Question: Who were MBE'S?
Answer: The members of The Beatles
Question: In what year was the Beatles made MBE's?
Answer: 1965
Question: Who compared military membership in the Order?
Answer: John Lennon
Question: Who said "lots of people who complained about us receiving the MBE received thris for heroism in the war.
Answer: John Lennon
Question: When did John Lennon return his MBE insignia?
Answer: 25 November 1969 |
Context: Matter may be converted to energy (and vice versa), but mass cannot ever be destroyed; rather, mass/energy equivalence remains a constant for both the matter and the energy, during any process when they are converted into each other. However, since is extremely large relative to ordinary human scales, the conversion of ordinary amount of matter (for example, 1 kg) to other forms of energy (such as heat, light, and other radiation) can liberate tremendous amounts of energy (~ joules = 21 megatons of TNT), as can be seen in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. Conversely, the mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule, which is why a loss of energy (loss of mass) from most systems is difficult to measure by weight, unless the energy loss is very large. Examples of energy transformation into matter (i.e., kinetic energy into particles with rest mass) are found in high-energy nuclear physics.
Question: Matter may be converted to what?
Answer: energy
Question: Energy may be converted to what?
Answer: Matter
Question: Why is a loss of energy difficult to measure by weight?
Answer: mass equivalent of a unit of energy is minuscule
Question: Where are examples of energy transformation into matter found?
Answer: high-energy nuclear physics
Question: Matter can't be converted to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Energy can't be converted to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why is a gain of energy difficult to measure by weight?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where are examples of energy transformation into matter not found?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: what equals 12 megatons of TNT
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Delhi Metro is being built and operated by the Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Limited (DMRC), a state-owned company with equal equity participation from Government of India and Government of National Capital Territory of Delhi. However, the organisation is under administrative control of Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India. Besides construction and operation of Delhi metro, DMRC is also involved in the planning and implementation of metro rail, monorail and high-speed rail projects in India and providing consultancy services to other metro projects in the country as well as abroad. The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan, the Managing Director of DMRC and popularly known as the "Metro Man" of India. He famously resigned from DMRC, taking moral responsibility for a metro bridge collapse which took five lives. Sreedharan was awarded with the prestigious Legion of Honour by the French Government for his contribution to Delhi Metro.
Question: What organization operates the Delhi Metro system?
Answer: Delhi Metro Rail Corporation
Question: The Delhi Metro Rail Corporation operates under the administrative control of what government body?
Answer: Ministry of Urban Development
Question: The Delhi Metro project was spearheaded by what Indian government figure?
Answer: Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan
Question: Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan was popularly known by what nickname?
Answer: "Metro Man"
Question: What major award was given to Padma Vibhushan E. Sreedharan for his contribution the the Delhi Metro?
Answer: Legion of Honour |
Context: The Australian government controls the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and revenue from it extending 200 nautical miles (370 km) around Norfolk Island (roughly 428,000km2) and territorial sea claims to three nautical miles (6 km) from the island. There is a strong belief on the island that some of the revenue generated from Norfolk's EEZ should be available to providing services such as health and infrastructure on the island, which the island has been responsible for, similar to how the Northern Territory is able to access revenue from their mineral resources. The exclusive economic zone provides the islanders with fish, its only major natural resource. Norfolk Island has no direct control over any marine areas but has an agreement with the Commonwealth through the Australian Fisheries Management Authority (AFMA) to fish "recreationally" in a small section of the EEZ known locally as "the Box". While there is speculation that the zone may include oil and gas deposits, this is not proven. There are no major arable lands or permanent farmlands, though about 25 per cent of the island is a permanent pasture. There is no irrigated land. The island uses the Australian dollar as its currency.
Question: What services do Norfolk Island residents believe should be made available from the Norfolk Island's EEZ profit?
Answer: health and infrastructure
Question: What is Norfolk Island's only major natural resource?
Answer: fish
Question: What is the name of the area residents of Norfolk Island are permitted to fish recreationally?
Answer: the Box
Question: What is speculated to be available in Norfolk Island's EEZ zone?
Answer: oil and gas deposits
Question: What percentage of Norfolk Island is a permanent pasture?
Answer: 25
Question: What services do Norfolk Island residents believe should be made unavailable from the Norfolk Island's EEZ profit?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Norfolk Island's only resource?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the area residents of Norfolk Island are permitted to fish illegally?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is speculated to be forbidden in Norfolk Island's EEZ zone?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of Norfolk Island is no longer a permanent pasture?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the PortMiami. It is the largest cruise ship port in the world. The port is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas". It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well over a decade accommodating the largest cruise ships and the major cruise lines. In 2007, the port served 3,787,410 passengers. Additionally, the port is one of the nation's busiest cargo ports, importing 7.8 million tons of cargo in 2007. Among North American ports, it ranks second only to the Port of South Louisiana in New Orleans in terms of cargo tonnage imported/exported from Latin America. The port is on 518 acres (2 km2) and has 7 passenger terminals. China is the port's number one import country, and Honduras is the number one export country. Miami has the world's largest amount of cruise line headquarters, home to: Carnival Cruise Lines, Celebrity Cruises, Norwegian Cruise Line, Oceania Cruises, and Royal Caribbean International. In 2014, the Port of Miami Tunnel was completed and will serve the PortMiami.
Question: Along with "Cargo Gateway of the Americas," what is another nickname for PortMiami?
Answer: "Cruise Capital of the World"
Question: How many passengers used PortMiami in 2007?
Answer: 3,787,410
Question: How many tons of cargo arrived in PortMiami in 2007?
Answer: 7.8 million
Question: What North American port sees the largest amount of imported and exported cargo?
Answer: Port of South Louisiana
Question: How many square kilometers is PortMiami?
Answer: 2
Question: Along with "Cargo Gateway of the Americas," what isn't another nickname for PortMiami?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many passengers used PortMiami in 2017?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many tons of cargo arrived in PortMiami in 2017?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What South American port sees the largest amount of imported and exported cargo?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many square meters is PortMiami?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In South Africa, charities issue a tax certificate when requested by donors which can be used as a tax deduction by the donor. Non Profit Organisations are registered under Companies and Intellectual Property Commission as Nonprofit Companies (NPCs) but may voluntarily register with The Nonprofit Companies Directorate. Trusts are registered by the Master of the High Court. Section 21 Companies are registered under the Company's Act. All are classified as Voluntary Organisations and all must be registered with the South Africa Revenue Services "SARS".[citation needed]
Question: What do NPOs in South Africa give to their donors?
Answer: a tax certificate
Question: What can a tax certificate issued by a South Africian NPO be used for?
Answer: a tax deduction by the donor
Question: Where are South Africian NPOs registered?
Answer: Companies and Intellectual Property Commission as Nonprofit Companies (NPCs)
Question: Who keeps track of the trusts of South Africian NPOs?
Answer: Master of the High Court
Question: Who would a South Africian NPO register with if they were a voluntary organization?
Answer: South Africa Revenue Services "SARS"
Question: What does Master of the High Court issue to donors?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group must all donors be registered with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can a tax certificate be used for when requested by the Master of the High Court?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are trusts able to voluntarily register with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who can use a tax certificate when its issued by the Master of the High Court?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In Canada, the traditional ceremony for granting assent in parliament was regularly used until the 21st century, long after it had been discontinued in the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth realms. One result, conceived as part of a string of royal duties intended to demonstrate Canada's status as an independent kingdom, was that King George VI personally assented to nine bills of the Canadian parliament during the 1939 royal tour of Canada—85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally in the United Kingdom. Under the Royal Assent Act 2002, however, the alternative practice of granting assent in writing, with each house being notified separately ( the Speaker of the Senate or a representative reads to the senators the letters from the governor general regarding the written declaration of Royal Assent), was brought into force. As the act also provides, royal assent is to be signified—by the governor general, or, more often, by a deputy, usually a Justice of the Supreme Court, at least twice each calendar year: for the first appropriation measure and for at least one other act, usually the first non-appropriation measure passed. However, the act provides that a grant of royal assent is not rendered invalid by a failure to employ the traditional ceremony where required.
Question: When did Canada finally cease to use the traditional ceremony for granting assent as regular practice?
Answer: the 21st century
Question: Why was King George VI's personal assent in 1939 noteworthy?
Answer: 85 years after his great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, had last granted royal assent personally
Question: With what bill in Canada did granting assent by writing become effective?
Answer: Royal Assent Act 2002
Question: In Chile, the ceremony for granting assent was used until what century?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What king assented to nineteen bills of the Canadian parliament during the 1939 royal tour?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was King George VI's grandmother?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: A grant of royal assent is rendered invalid by what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: British imperial strength was underpinned by the steamship and the telegraph, new technologies invented in the second half of the 19th century, allowing it to control and defend the Empire. By 1902, the British Empire was linked together by a network of telegraph cables, the so-called All Red Line. Growing until 1922, around 13,000,000 square miles (34,000,000 km2) of territory and roughly 458 million people were added to the British Empire. The British established colonies in Australia in 1788, New Zealand in 1840 and Fiji in 1872, with much of Oceania becoming part of the British Empire.
Question: What was British imperial strength replace by?
Answer: steamship and the telegraph
Question: When were the steamship and the telegraph invented?
Answer: the second half of the 19th century
Question: What was the British Empire linked by in 1982?
Answer: a network of telegraph cables
Question: How many people were added to the British Empire by 1922?
Answer: 458 million
Question: When did the British establish colonies in Australia?
Answer: 1788 |
Context: When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts. Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits. During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013. As of 2009, the away kit is changed every season, and the outgoing away kit becomes the third-choice kit if a new home kit is being introduced in the same year.
Question: What manufacturer became Arsenal's uniform provider in 1994?
Answer: Nike
Question: Which brand was the kit provider prior to 1994?
Answer: Adidas
Question: To appeal to what are the kits changed regularly?
Answer: replica kit market
Question: What traditional Arsenal colors have frequently been employed for away kits?
Answer: yellow and blue
Question: Since what year has the away kit been changed every year?
Answer: 2009
Question: In what year was Arsenal's home colours kits last changed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What color was Arsenal's away colours when Adidas was the kit provider?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What color away kit did Arsenal wear during the 2002-03 season?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What color away kit did Arsenal wear during the 2004-05 season?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the replica kit market start to become lucrative?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Alternatives to pesticides are available and include methods of cultivation, use of biological pest controls (such as pheromones and microbial pesticides), genetic engineering, and methods of interfering with insect breeding. Application of composted yard waste has also been used as a way of controlling pests. These methods are becoming increasingly popular and often are safer than traditional chemical pesticides. In addition, EPA is registering reduced-risk conventional pesticides in increasing numbers.
Question: What is one thing that can be used in place of pesticides?
Answer: methods of cultivation
Question: What natural product can be used to control pests?
Answer: composted yard waste
Question: Why are alternative methods of pest control gaining popularity?
Answer: safer than traditional chemical pesticides
Question: What agency has offered acceptance of safer pesticides?
Answer: EPA
Question: What is one non chemical way of dealing with pests?
Answer: interfering with insect breeding
Question: What is recommended by the EPA for cultivating a garden to enrich the soil?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How well do insects breed in your yard when you use a yard waste bin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How is genetic engineering compared to conventional crop growing methods?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one thing that the use of pesticides does when used on insects?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What chemical is secreted by insects when they are breeding?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: For the commercial naming of a product, the frame rate is often dropped and is implied from context (e.g., a 1080i television set). A frame rate can also be specified without a resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second, and 50i means 25 interlaced frames per second.
Question: What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an HDTV product?
Answer: the frame rate
Question: What does 24p mean?
Answer: 24 progressive scan frames per second
Question: What does 50i mean?
Answer: 25 interlaced frames per second
Question: When naming a commercial HDTV product, a frame rate can be specified without what?
Answer: a resolution
Question: What is usually dropped for the commercial naming of an SDTV product?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does 54p mean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does 10i mean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When naming a commercial SDTV product, a frame rate can be specified without what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "cellular" and "humoral" theories of immunity. According to the cellular theory of immunity, represented in particular by Elie Metchnikoff, it was cells – more precisely, phagocytes – that were responsible for immune responses. In contrast, the humoral theory of immunity, held by Robert Koch and Emil von Behring, among others, stated that the active immune agents were soluble components (molecules) found in the organism’s “humors” rather than its cells.
Question: The routine practice of immunology can best be characterized as?
Answer: strongly experimental
Question: What are two opposing theories of early 20th century immunology?
Answer: "cellular" and "humoral"
Question: Cellular immunology expressed the theory that what cells caused immune responses?
Answer: phagocytes
Question: Humoral immunology theorized that the origin of the immune system lay in what?
Answer: soluble components (molecules)
Question: Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside?
Answer: the organism’s “humors” |
Context: In 1983, the Antarctic Treaty Parties began negotiations on a convention to regulate mining in Antarctica. A coalition of international organizations launched a public pressure campaign to prevent any minerals development in the region, led largely by Greenpeace International, which established its own scientific station—World Park Base—in the Ross Sea region and conducted annual expeditions to document environmental effects of humans on Antarctica. In 1988, the Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral Resources (CRAMRA) was adopted. The following year, however, Australia and France announced that they would not ratify the convention, rendering it dead for all intents and purposes. They proposed instead that a comprehensive regime to protect the Antarctic environment be negotiated in its place. The Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (the "Madrid Protocol") was negotiated as other countries followed suit and on 14 January 1998 it entered into force. The Madrid Protocol bans all mining in Antarctica, designating Antarctica a "natural reserve devoted to peace and science".
Question: When did negotiations start to regulate mining in Antarctica?
Answer: 1983
Question: What group led the fight to prevent mineral development in Antarctica?
Answer: Greenpeace International,
Question: When was the treaty to regulate mining agreed upon?
Answer: 1988
Question: Which two countries refused to ratify the treaty to regulate mineral use in Antarctica?
Answer: Australia and France
Question: What was the alternate treaty offered by Australia and France?
Answer: Madrid Protocol
Question: What began in 1938?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does CARMAR stand for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was the CARMAR adopted?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who announced they would not ratify the CARMAR?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was entered into force on 14 January 1983?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross and Dames Commander prefix Dame, to their forenames.[b] Wives of Knights may prefix Lady to their surnames, but no equivalent privilege exists for husbands of Knights or spouses of Dames. Such forms are not used by peers and princes, except when the names of the former are written out in their fullest forms. Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland do not use the title Sir or Dame as they do not receive the accolade (i.e., they are not dubbed "knight" with a sword), although they do append the post-nominal letters.
Question: Who would prefix Sir, and Dames Grand Cross?
Answer: Knights Grand Cross and Knights Commander
Question: Who would prefix Dame, to their forenames?
Answer: Dames Grand Cross
Question: Who would prefix Lady to their surnames?
Answer: Wives of Knights
Question: Such forms are not used by whom?
Answer: peers and princes
Question: Who wouldn't use the title Sir of Dame?
Answer: Clergy of the Church of England or the Church of Scotland |
Context: When interviewed for Mojo magazine the band said the most amazing sight at Live Aid was to see the audience clapping to "Radio Ga Ga". Brian May stated: "I'd never seen anything like that in my life and it wasn't calculated either. We understood our audience and played to them but that was one of those weird accidents because of the (music) video. I remember thinking 'oh great, they've picked it up' and then I thought 'this is not a Queen audience'. This is a general audience who've bought tickets before they even knew we were on the bill. And they all did it. How did they know? Nobody told them to do it."
Question: The audience at Live Aid clapped to what Queen Song?
Answer: Radio Ga Ga
Question: Which magazine interviewed Brian May about Live Aid?
Answer: Brian May
Question: What medium helped Queen fans get used to their songs before Live Aid?
Answer: (music) video |
Context: As Edward was unmarried and had no children, Albert was the heir presumptive to the throne. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward VIII abdicated in order to marry his mistress, Wallis Simpson, who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. Edward had been advised by British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin that he could not remain king and marry a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands. Edward chose abdication in preference to abandoning his marriage plans. Thus Albert became king, a position he was reluctant to accept. The day before the abdication, he went to London to see his mother, Queen Mary. He wrote in his diary, "When I told her what had happened, I broke down and sobbed like a child."
Question: Why was Albert the heir presumptive to the throne?
Answer: Edward was unmarried and had no children
Question: What was wrong with Edward marrying Wallis Simpson?
Answer: divorced woman with two living ex-husbands
Question: What did Edward do to marry Wallis Simpson?
Answer: abdication
Question: Who is Edward's mother?
Answer: Queen Mary
Question: How did Edward react when he became heir to the throne?
Answer: broke down and sobbed like a child
Question: Who was Wallis Simpson's second husband?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many children did Albert have in 1936?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what date did Albert become king?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: On what date was Edward made the king of England?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Edward replaces as the King of England?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity. Christianity is growing in Africa, Asia, Latin America, Muslim world, and Oceania.
Question: Which religion will have the most followers by the year 2050 if trends continue?
Answer: Christianity
Question: On average, how many children do Christians have?
Answer: 2.7
Question: How many Muslims converted to Christianity according to a 2015 poll?
Answer: 10.2 million
Question: In addition to conversion, what other reason is given for the trend in Christianity's followers?
Answer: High birth rates
Question: By which year will Christianity no longer be the world's largest religion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Through which year will Christianity remain the world's smallest religion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: By what year is the Muslim population expected to reach 3 billion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Christians have an average of 3.1 children per woman compared to Muslims with how manY?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is cited as reasons for Christian population decline?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Russian R-7 rocket family, which launched the first Sputnik at the beginning of the space race, is still in use today. It services the International Space Station (ISS) as the launcher for both the Soyuz and Progress spacecraft. It also ferries both Russian and American crews to and from the station.
Question: Which Russian rocket carries passengers to and from the International Space Station?
Answer: R-7 rocket |
Context: Stanley Crouch wrote in a New York Daily News piece "Obama's mother is of white U.S. stock. His father is a black Kenyan," in a column entitled "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me." During the 2008 campaign, the African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times accused white liberals of flocking to Obama because he was a "Magic Negro", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white (as cultural protagonists/drivers) agenda. Ehrenstein went on to say "He's there to assuage white 'guilt' they feel over the role of slavery and racial segregation in American history."
Question: Who wrote an article in the New York Dail News about Obama?
Answer: Stanley Crouch
Question: What did David Ehrenstein call Obama in 2008?
Answer: "Magic Negro",
Question: What did Ehrenstein say Obama does for white people?
Answer: assuage white 'guilt'
Question: What was the title of Crouch's article?
Answer: "What Obama Isn't: Black Like Me."
Question: Who wrote about Obama in a Time Magazine piece?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What LA Times columnist accused liberals of avoiding Obama?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is a term for a black person who does not help the mainstream white agenda?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did David Ehrenstein write a piece accusing liberals of avoiding Obama?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who said Obama's father was of white U.S. stock?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agents will choose to act. If God does know this, their ostensible free will might be illusory, or foreknowledge does not imply predestination, and if God does not know it, God may not be omniscient.
Question: What does it mean if God can't predict the future?
Answer: God may not be omniscient.
Question: Who posited the existence of God?
Answer: medieval philosophers
Question: What philosophical debates arose in the middle ages?
Answer: God's omniscience
Question: What does it mean if medieval philosophers think God is predestined?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who developed arguments for God being philosophical?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did free agents attempt to comprehend about God?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What will happen during a debate according to God's foreknowledge?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were philosophical debates about among free agents?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: There have been nine Digimon movies released in Japan. The first seven were directly connected to their respective anime series; Digital Monster X-Evolution originated from the Digimon Chronicle merchandise line. All movies except X-Evolution and Ultimate Power! Activate Burst Mode have been released and distributed internationally. Digimon: The Movie, released in the U.S. and Canada territory by Fox Kids through 20th Century Fox on October 6, 2000, consists of the union of the first three Japanese movies.
Question: How many Digimon movies have been released in Japan?
Answer: nine Digimon movies
Question: How many movies were directly connected to the anime series?
Answer: seven
Question: What year was Digimon: The movie released in the US/Canada?
Answer: October 6, 2000
Question: How many Digimon movies have been released in the United States?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the first seven not connected to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the first three Japanese movies released in the United States and Canada?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the only two movies distributed internationally?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Chen states that the fourth Dalai Lama Yonten Gyatso was granted the title "Master of Vajradhara" and an official seal by the Wanli Emperor in 1616. This was noted in the Biography of the Fourth Dalai Lama, which stated that one Soinam Lozui delivered the seal of the Emperor to the Dalai Lama. The Wanli Emperor had invited Yonten Gyatso to Beijing in 1616, but just like his predecessor he died before being able to make the journey.
Question: What title was the fourth Dalai Lama granted?
Answer: Master of Vajradhara
Question: Who was the fourth Dalai Lama?
Answer: Yonten Gyatso
Question: When did the Wanli Emperor grant the title Master of Vajradhara to Yonten Gyatso?
Answer: 1616
Question: Who did the Wanli Emperor invite to Beijing in 1616?
Answer: Yonten Gyatso
Question: Why didn't Yonten Gyatso make it to Beijing?
Answer: he died |
Context: India started the construction of a 40,000-tonne, 260-metre-long (850 ft) Vikrant-class aircraft carrier in 2009. The new carrier will operate MiG-29K and naval HAL Tejas aircraft along with the Indian-made helicopter HAL Dhruv. The ship will be powered by four gas-turbine engines and will have a range of 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 kilometres), carrying 160 officers, 1,400 sailors, and 30 aircraft. The carrier is being constructed by Cochin Shipyard. The ship was launched in August 2013 and is scheduled for commissioning in 2018.
Question: Who started construction of a 40,000-tonne Vikrant-class carrier in 2009?
Answer: India
Question: What will power the Indian-made ship?
Answer: four gas-turbine engines
Question: What will the range of the Indian-made ship be, carrying 160 officers, 1400 sailers, and 30 aircraft?
Answer: 8,000 nautical miles
Question: Who is constructing the Indian-made ship?
Answer: Cochin Shipyard
Question: When was the Indian-made ship launched?
Answer: August 2013
Question: Who finished construction of a 40,000-tonne Vikrant-class carrier in 2009?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What will not power the Indian-made ship?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What will the range of the Indian-made ship be, carrying 106 officers, 1400 sailers, and 30 aircraft?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who isn't constructing the Indian-made ship?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Indian-made ship retired?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A few lines of the Paris Métro in France operate on a four-rail power scheme because they run on rubber tyres which run on a pair of narrow roadways made of steel and, in some places, concrete. Since the tyres do not conduct the return current, the two guide rails provided outside the running 'roadways' double up as conductor rails, so at least electrically it is a four-rail scheme. One of the guide rails is bonded to the return conventional running rails situated inside the roadway so a single polarity supply is required. The trains are designed to operate from either polarity of supply, because some lines use reversing loops at one end, causing the train to be reversed during every complete journey. The loop was originally provided to save the original steam locomotives having to 'run around' the rest of the train saving much time. Today, the driver does not have to change ends at termini provided with such a loop, but the time saving is not so significant as it takes almost as long to drive round the loop as it does to change ends. Many of the original loops have been lost as lines were extended.
Question: Why some lines of Paris Metro have to operate on a four-rail system?
Answer: rubber tyres
Question: What was the solution for the return current problem in Paris Metro?
Answer: two guide rails
Question: What is required in order for the guide rails to operate properly?
Answer: a single polarity supply
Question: How train is able to turn around after each completed journey?
Answer: reversing loops
Question: Why was the reversing loop created?
Answer: having to 'run around' the rest of the train
Question: All lines of the Paris Metro in France operate on what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What runs on metal tyres?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why were many of the original loops kept?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of tyres conduct the return current?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What runs on a pair of wide roadways made of steel?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Feynman diagrams are now fundamental for string theory and M-theory, and have even been extended topologically. The world-lines of the diagrams have developed to become tubes to allow better modeling of more complicated objects such as strings and membranes. Shortly before his death, Feynman criticized string theory in an interview: "I don't like that they're not calculating anything," he said. "I don't like that they don't check their ideas. I don't like that for anything that disagrees with an experiment, they cook up an explanation—a fix-up to say, 'Well, it still might be true.'" These words have since been much-quoted by opponents of the string-theoretic direction for particle physics.
Question: What theories do Feynman diagrams help explain?
Answer: string theory and M-theory
Question: The diagrams have been made from lines into what 3 dimensional shape?
Answer: tubes
Question: What angst did Feynman have against string theorists?
Answer: they don't check their ideas
Question: Which quote by Feynman is often used by string theory opponents?
Answer: 'Well, it still might be true.'"
Question: What theories do Feynman diagrams not explain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What 4 dimensional shape have Feynman diagrams been made into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What angst did Feynman have against churchgoers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which quote by Feynman is often used by religious opponents?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of physics was Feynman least interested in?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Russian distinguishes between consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation and those without, the so-called soft and hard sounds. This distinction is found between pairs of almost all consonants and is one of the most distinguishing features of the language. Another important aspect is the reduction of unstressed vowels. Stress, which is unpredictable, is not normally indicated orthographically though an optional acute accent (знак ударения, znak udareniya) may be used to mark stress, such as to distinguish between homographic words, for example замо́к (zamok, meaning a lock) and за́мок (zamok, meaning a castle), or to indicate the proper pronunciation of uncommon words or names.
Question: What kind of phonemes are soft sounds?
Answer: consonant phonemes with palatal secondary articulation
Question: What kind of accent can mark stress?
Answer: optional acute accent
Question: What kind of words can acute accents distinguish?
Answer: homographic words
Question: What word means both lock and castle, depending on its accent?
Answer: zamok
Question: What kind of phenomes are uncommon words?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where are uncommon words usually found?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What feature of the language is an uncommon word considered?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are uncommon words or names considered to be and not usually indicated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an uncommon word used to mark?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the descendants of the pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas. Pueblos indígenas (indigenous peoples) is a common term in Spanish-speaking countries. Aborigen (aboriginal/native) is used in Argentina, whereas "Amerindian" is used in Quebec, The Guianas, and the English-speaking Caribbean. Indigenous peoples are commonly known in Canada as Aboriginal peoples, which include First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples. Indigenous peoples of the United States are commonly known as Native Americans or American Indians, and Alaska Natives.
Question: Who are the indigenous people of the Americas descended from?
Answer: pre-Columbian inhabitants of the Americas
Question: What is a common term in Spanish speaking countries for the indigenous peoples?
Answer: Pueblos indígenas
Question: What term is used in Argentina to refer to the original peoples of a continent?
Answer: Aborigen
Question: In Quebec, The Guianas and places in the Caribbean where English is spoken, what is the preferred term for the indigenous people of the Americas?
Answer: Amerindian
Question: How are the indigenous people most commonly referred to by citizens of the U.S.?
Answer: Native Americans |
Context: Educational attainment: In 2000, according to the U.S. Census, out of the nearly 800,000 people in the Bronx who were then at least 25 years old, 62.3% had graduated from high school and 14.6% held a bachelor's or higher college degree. These percentages were lower than those for New York's other boroughs, which ranged from 68.8% (Brooklyn) to 82.6% (Staten Island) for high school graduates over 24, and from 21.8% (Brooklyn) to 49.4% (Manhattan) for college graduates. (The respective state and national percentages were [NY] 79.1% & 27.4% and [US] 80.4% & 24.4%.)
Question: What percent of the Bronx population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
Answer: 62.3%
Question: What percent of the Bronx population has a university degree, as of 2000?
Answer: 14.6%
Question: What percent of the Brooklyn population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
Answer: 68.8%
Question: What percent of the Staten Island population has a high school diploma, as of 2000?
Answer: 82.6%
Question: What percent of the Manhattan population has a university degree, as of 2000?
Answer: 49.4% |
Context: During the century of internecine struggles for dominance among the Northern Christians kingdoms, the County of Portugal, formed the southern portion of the Kingdom of Galicia. At times the Kingdom of Galicia existed independently for short periods, but usually formed an important part of the Kingdom of Leon. Throughout this period, the people of County of Portugal as Galicians found themselves struggling to maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture, whenever the status of the Kingdom of Galicia changed in relation to the Kingdom of Leon. As a result of political division, Galician-Portuguese lost its unity when the County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia (a dependent kingdom of Leon) to establish the Kingdom of Portugal. The Galician and Portuguese versions of the language then diverged over time as they followed independent evolutionary paths. This began occurring when the Kingdom of Leon and the Kingdom of Castile united and the Castilian Language (known as Spanish) slowly over the centuries began influencing the Galician Language and then trying to replace it. The same thing happened to Astur-Leonese Language to the point where it is greatly reduced or completely replaced by the Castilian (Spanish Language).
Question: During the internecine struggles, what did the the people of Country of Portugal struggle with?
Answer: maintain the autonomy of Galicia with its distinct language and culture (Galician-Portuguese) from the Leonese culture
Question: The County of Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galicia to establish what?
Answer: the Kingdom of Portugal
Question: Portugese diverged from which language?
Answer: Galician
Question: What is the Castilian Lanugage known as?
Answer: Spanish
Question: By which language was the Astur-Leonese replaced?
Answer: Castilian (Spanish Language) |
Context: The top 50 m (160 ft) of a glacier are rigid because they are under low pressure. This upper section is known as the fracture zone and moves mostly as a single unit over the plastically flowing lower section. When a glacier moves through irregular terrain, cracks called crevasses develop in the fracture zone. Crevasses form due to differences in glacier velocity. If two rigid sections of a glacier move at different speeds and directions, shear forces cause them to break apart, opening a crevasse. Crevasses are seldom more than 46 m (150 ft) deep but in some cases can be 300 m (1,000 ft) or even deeper. Beneath this point, the plasticity of the ice is too great for cracks to form. Intersecting crevasses can create isolated peaks in the ice, called seracs.
Question: Why are the tops of glaciers rigid?
Answer: they are under low pressure
Question: Which zone is the top of the glaciers?
Answer: fracture zone
Question: Why are glacial crevices formed?
Answer: differences in glacier velocity
Question: What are seracs?
Answer: isolated peaks in the ice
Question: Most crevices are no deeper than what measure?
Answer: 46 m (150 ft)
Question: Why is the lower 50m of a glacier rigid?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the free flowing upper section known as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: what forms where glaciers are unable to move?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happens when two ridgid sections of a glacier collide?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What point do sercas form above?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined strains of 1970s soul, such as smooth soul, Philly soul and quiet storm. Classic songwriting touches and organic-leaning instrumentation, often featuring string arrangements and horn charts, were constants.
Question: Along with soft AC, on what station format might adult contemporary R&B be featured?
Answer: urban AC
Question: What features are emphasized in adult contemporary R&B music?
Answer: songcraft and sophistication
Question: Along with smooth soul and quiet storm, what genre influenced adult contemporary R&B?
Answer: Philly soul
Question: During what decade was smooth soul popular?
Answer: 1970s
Question: Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?
Answer: sequencers |
Context: Developments in painting included experiments in chiaroscuro by Zeuxis and the development of landscape painting and still life painting. Greek temples built during the Hellenistic period were generally larger than classical ones, such as the temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the temple of Artemis at Sardis, and the temple of Apollo at Didyma (rebuilt by Seleucus in 300 BCE). The royal palace (basileion) also came into its own during the Hellenistic period, the first extant example being the massive fourth-century villa of Cassander at Vergina.
Question: Which Greek painter experimented in chiaroscuro?
Answer: Zeuxis
Question: Were Greek temples built in the Hellenistic period larger or smaller than classical temples?
Answer: larger
Question: Who rebuilt the Apollo at Didyma in 300 BCE?
Answer: Seleucus
Question: What is a Greek royal palace called?
Answer: basileion
Question: What is the first example of Hellenistic period royal palace?
Answer: villa of Cassander at Vergina |
Context: Sometimes only partial compliance with license agreements is the cause. For example, in 2013, the US Army settled a lawsuit with Texas-based company Apptricity, which makes software that allows the army to track their soldiers in real time. In 2004, the US Army paid US$4.5 million for a license of 500 users, while allegedly installing the software for more than 9000 users; the case was settled for US$50 million. Major anti-piracy organizations, like the BSA, conduct software licensing audits regularly to ensure full compliance.
Question: What is a possible cause of copyright infringement?
Answer: partial compliance
Question: Who did Texas software company Apptricity write software for?
Answer: US Army
Question: How many users were paid for in 2004?
Answer: 500 users
Question: How much was the lawsuit settled for?
Answer: US$50 million
Question: Who is an example of a major anti-piracy organization?
Answer: the BSA
Question: What is an impossible cause of copyright infringement?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Texas software company Apptricity write hardware for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many users weren't paid for in 2004?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much was the lawsuit rejected for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is an example of a minor anti-piracy organization?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The city of Detroit and other private-public partnerships have attempted to catalyze the region's growth by facilitating the building and historical rehabilitation of residential high-rises in the downtown, creating a zone that offers many business tax incentives, creating recreational spaces such as the Detroit RiverWalk, Campus Martius Park, Dequindre Cut Greenway, and Green Alleys in Midtown. The city itself has cleared sections of land while retaining a number of historically significant vacant buildings in order to spur redevelopment; though it has struggled with finances, the city issued bonds in 2008 to provide funding for ongoing work to demolish blighted properties. Two years earlier, downtown reported $1.3 billion in restorations and new developments which increased the number of construction jobs in the city. In the decade prior to 2006, downtown gained more than $15 billion in new investment from private and public sectors.
Question: Which part of Detroit has gotten billions in investment around the turn of the millennium?
Answer: downtown
Question: What part of Detroit is Green Alleys located in?
Answer: Midtown
Question: What type of vacant buildings have been spared destruction?
Answer: historically significant |
Context: Friedrich Hayek CH (German: [ˈfʁiːdʁɪç ˈaʊ̯ɡʊst ˈhaɪ̯ɛk]; 8 May 1899 – 23 March 1992), born in Austria-Hungary as Friedrich August von Hayek and frequently referred to as F. A. Hayek, was an Austrian and British economist and philosopher best known for his defense of classical liberalism. Hayek shared the 1974 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences with Gunnar Myrdal for his "pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and ... penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena."
Question: In which nation was Friedrich Hayek born?
Answer: Austria-Hungary
Question: Friedrich Hayek name was commonly shortened to what?
Answer: F. A. Hayek
Question: What award did Hayek receive in 1974?
Answer: Nobel Memorial Prize
Question: With whom did Hayek share his 1974 award?
Answer: Gunnar Myrdal
Question: Along with being an economist, what else was Hayek known as?
Answer: philosopher |
Context: Following the Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident, President Harry S. Truman, himself a combat veteran of World War I, issued Executive Order 9808 establishing the President's Committee on Civil Rights to examine the violence and recommend appropriate federal legislation. Hearing of the incident, Truman turned to NAACP leader Walter Francis White and declared, "My God! I had no idea it was as terrible as that. We've got to do something." In 1947 the committee published its findings, To Secure These Rights. The book was widely read, influential, and considered utopian for the times: "In our land men are equal, but they are free to be different. From these very differences among our people has come the great human and national strength of America." The report discussed and demonstrated racial discrimination in basic freedoms, education, public facilities, personal safety, and employment opportunities. The committee was disturbed by the state of race relations, and included the evacuation of Americans of Japanese descent during the war "made without a trial or any sort of hearing…Fundamental to our whole system of law is the belief that guilt is personal and not a matter of heredity or association." The recommendations were radical, calling for federal policies and laws to end racial discrimination and bring about equality: "We can tolerate no restrictions upon the individual which depend upon irrelevant factors such as his race, his color, his religion, or the social position to which he is born." To Secure These Rights set the liberal legislative agenda for the next generation that eventually would be signed into law by Lyndon B. Johnson.:35–36
Question: What group was established in response to Executive Order 9808?
Answer: President's Committee on Civil Rights
Question: What was the Executive Order 9808 issued in response to?
Answer: Sergeant Isaac Woodard incident
Question: In which year were the "To Secure These Rights" findings published?
Answer: 1947
Question: What was the committee especially disturbed by as indicated in their report?
Answer: the state of race relations
Question: Who in the generation following the "To Secure These Rights" findings sign legislation for affirmative action into law?
Answer: Lyndon B. Johnson
Question: What group was established in response to Executive Order 9108?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the Executive Order 988 issued in response to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which year were the "Don't Secure These Rights" findings published?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the committee not at all disturbed by as indicated in their report?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h] He is eventually able to transform between his Hylian and wolf forms at will. As a wolf, Link loses the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items; he instead attacks by biting, and defends primarily by dodging attacks. However, "Wolf Link" gains several key advantages in return—he moves faster than he does as a human (though riding Epona is still faster) and digs holes to create new passages and uncover buried items, and has improved senses, including the ability to follow scent trails.[i] He also carries Midna, a small imp-like creature who gives him hints, uses an energy field to attack enemies, helps him jump long distances, and eventually allows Link to "warp" to any of several preset locations throughout the overworld.[j] Using Link's wolf senses, the player can see and listen to the wandering spirits of those affected by the Twilight, as well as hunt for enemy ghosts named Poes.[k]
Question: What form does Link take in the Twilight Realm?
Answer: Wolf
Question: What is Link's main form of offense in wolf form?
Answer: biting
Question: Hostile spirits are also known as what?
Answer: Poes
Question: Who provides helpful information to Link?
Answer: Midna
Question: Link's wolf form is faster than what other form?
Answer: human
Question: What does Link transform into when he enters the Twilight Realm?
Answer: Wolf
Question: Who is Midna?
Answer: small imp-like creature
Question: What are Poes?
Answer: enemy ghosts
Question: What form does Epona take in the Twilight Realm?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Epona's main form of offense in wolf form?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Hostile Eponas are also known as what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who provides helpful information to Poes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Link's Edna form is faster than what other form?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: World production of duck meat was about 4.2 million tonnes in 2011 with China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds. Other notable duck-producing countries in the Far East include Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total). France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West, followed by other EU nations (3%) and North America (1.7%). China was also by far the largest producer of goose and guinea fowl meat, with a 94% share of the 2.6 million tonne global market.
Question: How many ducks did China produce for consumption in 2011?
Answer: China producing two thirds of the total, some 1.7 billion birds
Question: What other countries are important to the duck husbandry business?
Answer: Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Indonesia and South Korea (12% in total)
Question: Who is the largest producer of duck meat among the western nations?
Answer: France (3.5%) is the largest producer in the West,
Question: What is the market percentage held by the country that controls the biggest share of the global market for goose and guinea fowl meat
Answer: 94% share
Question: How many ducks did China produce for cartoons in 2011?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country only eats goose and guinea fowl meat?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is eating duck forbidden?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is the only producer of duck meat among the western nations?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade name Veronal as a sleep aid beginning in 1904. Systematic investigations of the effect of structural changes on potency and duration of action led to the discovery of phenobarbital at Bayer in 1911 and the discovery of its potent anti-epileptic activity in 1912. Phenobarbital was among the most widely used drugs for the treatment of epilepsy through the 1970s, and as of 2014, remains on the World Health Organizations list of essential medications. The 1950s and 1960s saw increased awareness of the addictive properties and abuse potential of barbiturates and amphetamines and led to increasing restrictions on their use and growing government oversight of prescribers. Today, amphetamine is largely restricted to use in the treatment of attention deficit disorder and phenobarbital in the treatment of epilepsy.
Question: What is phenobarbital used for?
Answer: epilepsy
Question: What sleep aid was marketed in 1904?
Answer: Veronal
Question: What is amphetamine used for today?
Answer: attention deficit disorder
Question: Why was barbiturates and amphetamines restricted?
Answer: addictive properties and abuse potential
Question: Who discovered a reaction that induced sleep in dogs?
Answer: Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering
Question: What compound was discovered to induce sleep?
Answer: diethylbarbituric acid
Question: What was the first trade name of diethylbarbituric acid?
Answer: Veronal
Question: What is phenobarbital mainly used to treat today?
Answer: epilepsy
Question: In what year was phenobarbital discovered?
Answer: 1911
Question: What was Veronal used for when Bayer put it on the market?
Answer: sleep aid
Question: What is increased awareness used for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What acid was marketed in 1904?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is acid used for today?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why were acids restricted?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who discovered an acid reaction?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmetz made an overzealous, unplanned move, leading the 1st Army south from his position on the Moselle. He moved straight toward the town of Spicheren, cutting off Prince Frederick Charles from his forward cavalry units in the process.
Question: Which battle was the second of three key French losses?
Answer: Battle of Spicheren
Question: On what date did the battle of Spicheren take place?
Answer: 5 August
Question: Moltke had originally planned to kee Bazaine's army on what river?
Answer: the Saar River
Question: Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary?
Answer: General von Steinmetz
Question: Which town was the site of General von Steinmetz's grave error?
Answer: Spicheren |
Context: As the Kulluk oil rig was being towed to the American state of Washington to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season, a winter storm on 27 December 2012 caused the towing crews, as well as the rescue service, to lose control of the situation. As of 1 January 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast Sitkalidak Island, near the eastern end of Kodiak Island. Following the accident, a Fortune magazine contacted Larry McKinney, the executive director at the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies at Texas A&M, and he explained that "A two-month delay in the Arctic is not a two-month delay ... A two-month delay could wipe out the entire drilling season."
Question: Why was the Kulluk oil rig being towed to Washington?
Answer: to be serviced in preparation for the 2013 drilling season
Question: What caused towing crews and rescue service to lose control while the Kulluk rig was in transport to Washington?
Answer: a winter storm
Question: On January 1, 2013, the Kulluk was grounded off the coast of which island?
Answer: Sitkalidak
Question: Following the incident, which magazine contacted Larry McKinney?
Answer: Fortune
Question: Larry McKinney explained that a two-month delay in drilling could do what?
Answer: wipe out the entire drilling season
Question: Where was the Kulluk oil rig being towed from?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the Kullug grounded in December?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the executive director of the Fortune magazine?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What magazine did Larry McKinney contact?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long did it take to tow the Kulluk to Washington state?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Nigerian film industry is known as Nollywood (a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood) and is now the 2nd-largest producer of movies in the world. Nigerian film studios are based in Lagos, Kano and Enugu, forming a major portion of the local economy of these cities. Nigerian cinema is Africa's largest movie industry in terms of both value and the number of movies produced per year. Although Nigerian films have been produced since the 1960s, the country's film industry has been aided by the rise of affordable digital filming and editing technologies.
Question: When did the Nigerian film industry begin?
Answer: the 1960s
Question: Which African country has the continent's largest movie industry?
Answer: Nigerian
Question: Which cities are Nigeria's movie studios located in?
Answer: Lagos, Kano and Enugu
Question: What is the nickname for Nigeria's movie industry?
Answer: Nollywood
Question: Where does Nigeria's movie industry rank worldwide?
Answer: 2nd-largest |
Context: In early 1757, Frederick II again took the initiative by marching into the Kingdom of Bohemia, hoping to inflict a decisive defeat on Austrian forces. After winning the bloody Battle of Prague on 6 May 1757, in which both forces suffered major casualties, the Prussians forced the Austrians back into the fortifications of Prague. The Prussian army then laid siege to the city. Following the battle at Prague, Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia. Austrian Marshal Daun arrived too late to participate in the battle of Prague, but picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle. With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague. The Prussian army was too weak to simultaneously besiege Prague and keep Daun away, and Frederick was forced to attack prepared positions. The resulting Battle of Kolin was a sharp defeat for Frederick, his first military defeat. His losses further forced him to lift the siege and withdraw from Bohemia altogether.
Question: Where did the Austrians retreat in May of 1757?
Answer: the fortifications of Prague
Question: Who led the Prussian assault on Prague in 1757
Answer: Frederick II
Question: What were casualties like in the 1757 battle in Prague?
Answer: both forces suffered major casualties
Question: Why did Frederick reduce his manpower at Prague?
Answer: Frederick took 5,000 troops from the siege at Prague and sent them to reinforce the 19,000-man army under the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern at Kolin in Bohemia
Question: How did Austrian Marshall Daun reverse the situation at Prague?
Answer: picked up 16,000 men who had escaped from the battle. With this army he slowly moved to relieve Prague. |
Context: Possibly the first venture into fictional treatments of Chopin's life was a fanciful operatic version of some of its events. Chopin was written by Giacomo Orefice and produced in Milan in 1901. All the music is derived from that of Chopin.
Question: When was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
Answer: 1901
Question: Where was the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life created?
Answer: Milan
Question: Who is responsible for the first fictionalized account of Chopin's life?
Answer: Giacomo Orefice
Question: What is thought to be the first fictionalized work about Chopin?
Answer: Chopin
Question: What style is the fictionalized "Chopin" in?
Answer: opera
Question: Who wrote the fictionalized "Chopin?"
Answer: Giacomo Orefice
Question: When was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
Answer: 1901.
Question: Where was the fictionalized "Chopin" produced?
Answer: Milan |
Context: The southern side of Miami includes Coral Way, The Roads and Coconut Grove. Coral Way is a historic residential neighborhood built in 1922 connecting Downtown with Coral Gables, and is home to many old homes and tree-lined streets. Coconut Grove was established in 1825 and is the location of Miami's City Hall in Dinner Key, the Coconut Grove Playhouse, CocoWalk, many nightclubs, bars, restaurants and bohemian shops, and as such, is very popular with local college students. It is a historic neighborhood with narrow, winding roads, and a heavy tree canopy. Coconut Grove has many parks and gardens such as Villa Vizcaya, The Kampong, The Barnacle Historic State Park, and is the home of the Coconut Grove Convention Center and numerous historic homes and estates.
Question: Along with Coconut Grove and Coral Way, what is notably present in southern Miami?
Answer: The Roads
Question: When was Coral Way constructed?
Answer: 1922
Question: What does Coral Way connect to Coral Gables?
Answer: Downtown
Question: In what year did the establishment of Coconut Grove occur?
Answer: 1825
Question: What part of Coconut Grove houses the city hall of Miami?
Answer: Dinner Key
Question: Along with Coconut Grove and Coral Way, what is notably unpresent in southern Miami?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Coral Way destroyed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Coral Way disconnect to Coral Gables?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year didn't the establishment of Coconut Grove occur?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What part of Apricot Grove houses the city hall of Miami?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: When an electromagnetic wave strikes a plane surface such as the ground, part of the wave is transmitted into the ground and part of it is reflected, according to the Fresnel coefficients. If the ground is a very good conductor then almost all of the wave is reflected (180° out of phase), whereas a ground modeled as a (lossy) dielectric can absorb a large amount of the wave's power. The power remaining in the reflected wave, and the phase shift upon reflection, strongly depend on the wave's angle of incidence and polarization. The dielectric constant and conductivity (or simply the complex dielectric constant) is dependent on the soil type and is a function of frequency.
Question: what is reflected and transmitted into the ground when a plane surface is struck?
Answer: electromagnetic wave
Question: Who proposed this theory?
Answer: Fresnel coefficients
Question: Is the ground has a great conductor, how much of the wave will be reflected?
Answer: 180° out of phase
Question: What depends on the polarization and waves angle?
Answer: power remaining |
Context: Although NPOs are permitted to generate surplus revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion, or plans. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors. Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation (occasionally nominal). In some countries, where there is a token fee, in general it is used to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization.
Question: How does an NPO have to handle surplus money?
Answer: they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion, or plans
Question: Who makes most of the decisions for an NPO?
Answer: controlling members or a board of directors
Question: How do NPOs handle staffing?
Answer: Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation
Question: What are token fees used for?
Answer: to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization
Question: What control does management have in an NPO?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do NPO's use their surplus fees for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do members meet the legal requirements for staffing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do some countries members maintain self-preservation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are paid staff permitted to generate?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Victoria was the daughter of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III. Both the Duke of Kent and King George III died in 1820, and Victoria was raised under close supervision by her German-born mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. She inherited the throne aged 18, after her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children. The United Kingdom was already an established constitutional monarchy, in which the sovereign held relatively little direct political power. Privately, Victoria attempted to influence government policy and ministerial appointments; publicly, she became a national icon who was identified with strict standards of personal morality.
Question: What year did Victorias Father die?
Answer: 1820
Question: What year did King George III die?
Answer: 1820
Question: What nationality was Queen Victorias mother?
Answer: German
Question: How old was Victoria when she inherited the throne?
Answer: 18
Question: What was the name of Victoria's father?
Answer: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn
Question: When did the Duke of Kent die?
Answer: 1820
Question: What was Victoria's mother's name?
Answer: Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Question: At what age did Victoria inherit the throne, upon the death of her father's three eldest brothers?
Answer: 18
Question: Who was Victoria's father?
Answer: Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn, the fourth son of King George III
Question: Who raised Victoria?
Answer: mother Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
Question: When did Victoria inherit the throne of England?
Answer: aged 18
Question: Why did Victoria inherit the throne?
Answer: her father's three elder brothers had all died, leaving no surviving legitimate children
Question: What kind of government did England have at the time?
Answer: constitutional monarchy
Question: What year didn't Victorias Father die?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What nationality wasn't Queen Victorias mother?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How old was Victoria when she rejected the throne?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What wasn't Victoria's mother's name?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Aves and a sister group, the clade Crocodilia, contain the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria. During the late 1990s, Aves was most commonly defined phylogenetically as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of modern birds and Archaeopteryx lithographica. However, an earlier definition proposed by Jacques Gauthier gained wide currency in the 21st century, and is used by many scientists including adherents of the Phylocode system. Gauthier defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds. This was done by excluding most groups known only from fossils, and assigning them, instead, to the Avialae, in part to avoid the uncertainties about the placement of Archaeopteryx in relation to animals traditionally thought of as theropod dinosaurs.
Question: Besides Aves, what group contains the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria?
Answer: clade Crocodilia
Question: Who defined Aves to include only the crown group of the set of modern birds?
Answer: Gauthier
Question: What is a sister group to Aves?
Answer: clade Crocodilia |
Context: Building on the earlier work of Ludwig von Mises and others, Hayek also argued that while in centrally planned economies an individual or a select group of individuals must determine the distribution of resources, these planners will never have enough information to carry out this allocation reliably. This argument, first proposed by Max Weber, says that the efficient exchange and use of resources can be maintained only through the price mechanism in free markets (see economic calculation problem).
Question: What did Hayek claim those who must distribute resources would lack most?
Answer: enough information
Question: Whose work most notably influenced Hayek's argument regarding resource distribution?
Answer: Max Weber
Question: What is the one way Hayek argued that resource distribution could succeed?
Answer: through the price mechanism in free markets
Question: Other than Max Weber, who was a notable influence to Hayek's statements regarding resource distribution?
Answer: Ludwig von Mises |
Context: Chopin was educated in the tradition of Beethoven, Haydn, Mozart and Clementi; he used Clementi's piano method with his own students. He was also influenced by Hummel's development of virtuoso, yet Mozartian, piano technique. He cited Bach and Mozart as the two most important composers in shaping his musical outlook. Chopin's early works are in the style of the "brilliant" keyboard pieces of his era as exemplified by the works of Ignaz Moscheles, Friedrich Kalkbrenner, and others. Less direct in the earlier period are the influences of Polish folk music and of Italian opera. Much of what became his typical style of ornamentation (for example, his fioriture) is taken from singing. His melodic lines were increasingly reminiscent of the modes and features of the music of his native country, such as drones.
Question: Whose piano method did Chopin teach his students?
Answer: Clementi
Question: Whose piano method did Chopin use with his students?
Answer: Clementi
Question: Who did Chopin say were the two most important composers in his own music influences?
Answer: Bach and Mozart
Question: Chopin looked to Beethoven, Mozart, Clementi and who for his own music education?
Answer: Haydn |
Context: The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of African American and West Indian, mostly Barbadian settlers, make up 2.5%. Congo people, descendants of repatriated Congo and Afro-Caribbean slaves who arrived in 1825, make up an estimated 2.5%. These latter two groups established political control in the 19th century which they kept well into the 20th century.
Question: What is the largest ethnic group in liberia?
Answer: The Kpelle
Question: What percentage of the population are the Kpelle?
Answer: 20%
Question: Where do the Kpelle reside?
Answer: mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia.
Question: When did the decedents of the Congo and Afro-Caribbean arrive in liberia?
Answer: 1825
Question: Congo descendants and Afro-Caribbean make of what percentage of liberia's population?
Answer: 2.5%
Question: What county contains 20% of Liberia's population?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the largest ethnic group in Congo?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the decendents of West Indian settlers arrive in Liberia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Americo-Liberian descendants make up what percentage of African Americans?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who established political control in the 18th century?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some scholars note that Tibetan leaders during the Ming frequently engaged in civil war and conducted their own foreign diplomacy with neighboring states such as Nepal. Some scholars underscore the commercial aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship, noting the Ming dynasty's shortage of horses for warfare and thus the importance of the horse trade with Tibet. Others argue that the significant religious nature of the relationship of the Ming court with Tibetan lamas is underrepresented in modern scholarship. In hopes of reviving the unique relationship of the earlier Mongol leader Kublai Khan (r. 1260–1294) and his spiritual superior Drogön Chögyal Phagpa (1235–1280) of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Yongle Emperor (r. 1402–1424) made a concerted effort to build a secular and religious alliance with Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), the Karmapa of the Karma Kagyu school. However, the Yongle Emperor's attempts were unsuccessful.
Question: What important trade did the Ming Dynasty have with Tibet?
Answer: horse trade
Question: During what years did the Mongol leader Kublai Khan rule?
Answer: 1402–1424
Question: Who did the Yongle Emperor try to build a religious alliance with?
Answer: Deshin Shekpa
Question: Deshin Shekpa was the head of what school?
Answer: the Karma Kagyu school
Question: The Tibetan leaders had a diplomacy with what neighboring state?
Answer: Nepal |
Context: Externally, towers and spires are characteristic of Gothic churches both great and small, the number and positioning being one of the greatest variables in Gothic architecture. In Italy, the tower, if present, is almost always detached from the building, as at Florence Cathedral, and is often from an earlier structure. In France and Spain, two towers on the front is the norm. In England, Germany and Scandinavia this is often the arrangement, but an English cathedral may also be surmounted by an enormous tower at the crossing. Smaller churches usually have just one tower, but this may also be the case at larger buildings, such as Salisbury Cathedral or Ulm Minster, which has the tallest spire in the world, slightly exceeding that of Lincoln Cathedral, the tallest which was actually completed during the medieval period, at 160 metres (520 ft).
Question: What is one feature of both large and small Gothic churches?
Answer: towers
Question: What is another feature of both large and small Gothic churches?
Answer: spires
Question: How many towers are typical on the front of Gothic churches in France and Spain?
Answer: two towers
Question: In what country is the tower often found detached from the main building?
Answer: Italy
Question: How many towers are found at the Salisbury Chapel?
Answer: just one tower
Question: What is one feature of only small Gothic churches?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many riddles are typical on the front of Gothic churches in France and Spain?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What country is the tower often vanishing from the main building?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many towers fell at the Salisbury Chapel?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is often used to screen people at high risk for TB. Those who have been previously immunized may have a false-positive test result. The test may be falsely negative in those with sarcoidosis, Hodgkin's lymphoma, malnutrition, and most notably, active tuberculosis. Interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs), on a blood sample, are recommended in those who are positive to the Mantoux test. These are not affected by immunization or most environmental mycobacteria, so they generate fewer false-positive results. However, they are affected by M. szulgai, M. marinum, and M. kansasii. IGRAs may increase sensitivity when used in addition to the skin test, but may be less sensitive than the skin test when used alone.
Question: What result might someone who has received a TB vaccination get from the Mantoux test?
Answer: false-positive
Question: What does "IGRAs" stand for?
Answer: Interferon gamma release assays
Question: In combination with skin tests, are IGRAs associated with an increase or decrease in sensitivity?
Answer: increase
Question: Which test has fewer false positives: IGRAs or the Mantoux skin test?
Answer: IGRAs
Question: What liquid would you need from a patient to perform IGRAs?
Answer: blood
Question: What is used to test for sarcoidosis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What incorrect result may someone who has not gotten the TB vaccination get?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What environmental substance are IGRAs affected by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has more false-positives than the Mantoux tuberculin test?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The set of graphic and format characters defined by Unicode does not correspond directly to the repertoire of abstract characters that is representable under Unicode. Unicode encodes characters by associating an abstract character with a particular code point. However, not all abstract characters are encoded as a single Unicode character, and some abstract characters may be represented in Unicode by a sequence of two or more characters. For example, a Latin small letter "i" with an ogonek, a dot above, and an acute accent, which is required in Lithuanian, is represented by the character sequence U+012F, U+0307, U+0301. Unicode maintains a list of uniquely named character sequences for abstract characters that are not directly encoded in Unicode.
Question: What is an ogonek?
Answer: a dot above
Question: How does Unicode encode characters?
Answer: associating an abstract character with a particular code point
Question: How are some abstract characters represented in Unicode?
Answer: a sequence of two or more characters
Question: What is another name for an acute accent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Latin require?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are format characters associated with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do sets of graphic characters directly correspond to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are all encoded as singular unicode characters?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Classical India refers to the period when much of the Indian subcontinent was reunited under the Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE). This period has been called the Golden Age of India and was marked by extensive achievements in science, technology, engineering, art, dialectic, literature, logic, mathematics, astronomy, religion, and philosophy that crystallized the elements of what is generally known as Hindu culture. The Hindu-Arabic numerals, a positional numeral system, originated in India and was later transmitted to the West through the Arabs. Early Hindu numerals had only nine symbols, until 600 to 800 CE, when a symbol for zero was developed for the numeral system. The peace and prosperity created under leadership of Guptas enabled the pursuit of scientific and artistic endeavors in India.
Question: By what is India under the Gupta Empire referered?
Answer: Classical India
Question: What was the time span of the Gupta Empire?
Answer: c. 320–550 CE
Question: What is the period of the Gupta Empire called?
Answer: Golden Age of India
Question: What philosophy formed at the time of the Gupta Empire?
Answer: Hindu culture
Question: What numeral system originated in India?
Answer: Hindu-Arabic |
Context: The problem of the direction of time arises directly from two contradictory facts. Firstly, the fundamental physical laws are time-reversal invariant; if a cinematographic film were taken of any process describable by means of the aforementioned laws and then played backwards, it would still portray a physically possible process. Secondly, our experience of time, at the macroscopic level, is not time-reversal invariant. Glasses can fall and break, but shards of glass cannot reassemble and fly up onto tables. We have memories of the past, and none of the future. We feel we can't change the past but can influence the future.
Question: How many contradictory facts does the problem of the direction of time arise from?
Answer: two
Question: What kind of physical laws are time-reversal invariant?
Answer: fundamental
Question: If if a cinematographic film were taken by means of physical laws and then played backwards, it would still portray what?
Answer: physically possible process
Question: How is our experience of time at the macro level?
Answer: not time-reversal invariant
Question: What do we not have memories of?
Answer: the future
Question: What laws are time-reversal variant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do we experience as time-reversal invariant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can we influence besides the future?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: After Kerry's 1972 defeat, he and his wife bought a house in Belvidere, Lowell, entering a decade which his brother Cameron later called "the years in exile". He spent some time working as a fundraiser for the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere (CARE), an international humanitarian organization. In September 1973, he entered Boston College Law School. While studying, Kerry worked as a talk radio host on WBZ and, in July 1974, was named executive director of Mass Action, a Massachusetts advocacy association.
Question: Where did Kerry move after the 1972 election?
Answer: Belvidere, Lowell
Question: What did Kerry's brother call the decade after 1972?
Answer: "the years in exile"
Question: What did Kerry fundraise for?
Answer: the Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
Question: When did Kerry enter law school?
Answer: September 1973
Question: Where was Kerry a talk radio host?
Answer: WBZ |
Context: Nigeria was ranked 30th in the world in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2012. Nigeria is the United States' largest trading partner in sub-Saharan Africa and supplies a fifth of its oil (11% of oil imports). It has the seventh-largest trade surplus with the US of any country worldwide. Nigeria is the 50th-largest export market for US goods and the 14th-largest exporter of goods to the US. The United States is the country's largest foreign investor. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projected economic growth of 9% in 2008 and 8.3% in 2009. The IMF further projects an 8% growth in the Nigerian economy in 2011.
Question: Where did Nigeria's 2012 GDP rank?
Answer: 30th in the world
Question: Which sub-Saharan African nation does the most trade with the US?
Answer: Nigeria
Question: How much of the US's oil comes from Nigeria?
Answer: a fifth
Question: How much of the US's oil imports come from Nigeria?
Answer: 11%
Question: How much growth did the IMF expect Nigeria's economy to have in 2009?
Answer: 8.3% |
Context: There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuries-old event celebrating the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor of the City of London with a procession along the streets of the City, and June's Trooping the Colour, a formal military pageant performed by regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies to celebrate the Queen's Official Birthday.
Question: The Lord Mayor's Show occurs annually in what month?
Answer: November
Question: What does the Lord Mayor's Show parade commemorate and celebrate?
Answer: the annual appointment of a new Lord Mayor
Question: Who participates in the military pageantry in the Trooping the Colour event every June?
Answer: regiments of the Commonwealth and British armies
Question: Fireworks are discharged on New Year's Eve from what contemporary London landmark?
Answer: the London Eye
Question: Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event?
Answer: the Queen's Official Birthday |
Context: By summer 1918, a million American soldiers, or "doughboys" as they were often called, of the American Expeditionary Forces were in Europe under the command of John J. Pershing, with 25,000 more arriving every week. The failure of Germany's spring offensive exhausted its reserves and they were unable to launch new offensives. The German Navy and home front then revolted and a new German government signed a conditional surrender, the Armistice, ending the war against the western front on November 11, 1918.
Question: What was the name given to American soldiers in Europe in 1918?
Answer: doughboys
Question: What was the official name of the American army that went to fight in Europe in 1918?
Answer: American Expeditionary Forces
Question: Who had overall command of the American forces in Europe?
Answer: John J. Pershing
Question: When did fighting on the western front end?
Answer: November 11, 1918
Question: What was the name of the conditional surrender that ended fighting on the western front?
Answer: the Armistice
Question: What was the name given to African soldiers in Europe in 1918?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the official name of the American army that went to fight in Asia in 1918?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had overall command of the African forces in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did fighting on the eastern front end?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of the conditional surrender that ended fighting on the eastern front?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection, as was the case in the domestication and breeding of maize from wild teosinte grasses in the valleys of southern Mexico. Numerous such agricultural products retain their native names in the English and Spanish lexicons.
Question: What did the indigenous peoples of America cultivate over the course of thousands of years?
Answer: a large array of plant species
Question: What percent of worldwide crops in cultivation derive from the efforts of the America's indigenous people?
Answer: 50–60%
Question: How were new species and strains of crops developed?
Answer: artificial selection
Question: What was the origin of maize?
Answer: wild teosinte grasses
Question: What products sometimes retain their native names in both English and Spanish?
Answer: agricultural |
Context: Although the number of base-pairs of DNA in the human genome has been known since the 1960s, the estimated number of genes has changed over time as definitions of genes, and methods of detecting them have been refined. Initial theoretical predictions of the number of human genes were as high as 2,000,000. Early experimental measures indicated there to be 50,000–100,000 transcribed genes (expressed sequence tags). Subsequently, the sequencing in the Human Genome Project indicated that many of these transcripts were alternative variants of the same genes, and the total number of protein-coding genes was revised down to ~20,000 with 13 genes encoded on the mitochondrial genome. Of the human genome, only 1–2% consists of protein-coding genes, with the remainder being 'noncoding' DNA such as introns, retrotransposons, and noncoding RNAs.
Question: Since when has the number of base pairs of DNA in the human genome been known?
Answer: the 1960s
Question: What was the highest initial theoretical prediction of the number of human genes?
Answer: 2,000,000
Question: What sort of variants did the Human Genome Project indicate that many of the measured transcripts were?
Answer: alternative variants
Question: After the Human Genome Project, how many genes were encoded on the mitochondrial genome?
Answer: 13
Question: What percentage of the human genome consists of protein coding genes?
Answer: 1–2% |
Context: The citizens of Saint Helena hold British Overseas Territories citizenship. On 21 May 2002, full British citizenship was restored by the British Overseas Territories Act 2002. See also British nationality law.
Question: What kind of citizenship do the citizens of Saint Helena hold?
Answer: British Overseas Territories citizenship
Question: On what date was full British citizenship restored to the citizens of the island?
Answer: 21 May 2002
Question: What act restored the full British citizenship of the citizens of Saint Helena?
Answer: British Overseas Territories Act 2002 |
Context: Chopin's output as a composer throughout this period declined in quantity year by year. Whereas in 1841 he had written a dozen works, only six were written in 1842 and six shorter pieces in 1843. In 1844 he wrote only the Op. 58 sonata. 1845 saw the completion of three mazurkas (Op. 59). Although these works were more refined than many of his earlier compositions, Zamoyski opines that "his powers of concentration were failing and his inspiration was beset by anguish, both emotional and intellectual."
Question: What was the name of the single piece of work he wrote in 1844?
Answer: Op. 58 sonata
Question: What can be said of these works compared to his work in other years even though the quantity was less?
Answer: more refined than many of his earlier compositions
Question: How many pieces did Chopin write in 1841?
Answer: a dozen
Question: How many pieces did Chopin compose in 1842?
Answer: six
Question: What piece did Chopin compose in 1844?
Answer: Op. 58 sonata
Question: How many works did Chopin write in 1842?
Answer: six
Question: How many works did Chopin write in 1843?
Answer: six shorter pieces
Question: How many works did Chopin write in 1845?
Answer: three mazurkas |
Context: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel are obliged to follow the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in halakhic matters. In this respect, a religiously Ashkenazi Jew is an Israeli who is more likely to support certain religious interests in Israel, including certain political parties. These political parties result from the fact that a portion of the Israeli electorate votes for Jewish religious parties; although the electoral map changes from one election to another, there are generally several small parties associated with the interests of religious Ashkenazi Jews. The role of religious parties, including small religious parties that play important roles as coalition members, results in turn from Israel's composition as a complex society in which competing social, economic, and religious interests stand for election to the Knesset, a unicameral legislature with 120 seats.
Question: Religious Ashkenazi Jews living in Israel follow the authority of whom in certain matters?
Answer: the chief Ashkenazi rabbi
Question: What is the Knesset?
Answer: a unicameral legislature with 120 seats
Question: Religious Ashkenazi Jews look to the authority of the chief Ashkenazi rabbi in which matters?
Answer: halakhic matters |
Context: Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17 trios and mixed pairs. From 2009, all senior trios and mixed pairs were required to be on the larger floor (10x10m), all groups also perform on this floor. Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category.
Question: What was aerobic gymnastics called orginally?
Answer: Sport Aerobics
Question: What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve?
Answer: the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness
Question: How many people can be in a routine?
Answer: individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people
Question: What is the size of the mat?
Answer: 7x7m
Question: How long do the routines last?
Answer: Routines generally last 60–90 seconds depending on age of participant and routine category
Question: What involves the performance of routines by groups of up to 10 people?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the minimum floor size allowed by the FIG?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long do judges have to submit final scores?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did aerobic gymnastics begin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What determines what props groups can bring?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The nickel hydrogen battery was used for the first time in 1977 aboard the U.S. Navy's Navigation technology satellite-2 (NTS-2). For example, the ISS, Mars Odyssey and the Mars Global Surveyor are equipped with nickel-hydrogen batteries. In the dark part of its orbit, the Hubble Space Telescope is also powered by nickel-hydrogen batteries, which were finally replaced in May 2009, more than 19 years after launch, and 13 years over their design life.
Question: What year was the first nickel hydrogen battery used?
Answer: 1977
Question: In what year did the hubble space telescope finally get the nickel hydrogen battery?
Answer: 2009 |
Context: Greece was eventually occupied by the Nazis who proceeded to administer Athens and Thessaloniki, while other regions of the country were given to Nazi Germany's partners, Fascist Italy and Bulgaria. The occupation brought about terrible hardships for the Greek civilian population. Over 100,000 civilians died of starvation during the winter of 1941–1942, tens of thousands more died because of reprisals by Nazis and collaborators, the country's economy was ruined and the great majority of Greek Jews were deported and murdered in Nazi concentration camps. The Greek Resistance, one of the most effective resistance movements in Europe fought vehemently against the Nazis and their collaborators. The German occupiers committed numerous atrocities, mass executions, and wholesale slaughter of civilians and destruction of towns and villages in reprisals. In the course of the concerted anti-guerrilla campaign, hundreds of villages were systematically torched and almost 1,000,000 Greeks left homeless. In total, the Germans executed some 21,000 Greeks, the Bulgarians 40,000 and the Italians 9,000.
Question: How many Greeks starved due to Nazi occupation?
Answer: Over 100,000
Question: In what years did thousands of Greeks starve?
Answer: 1941–1942
Question: What civilian group in Greece fought against Nazi occupation?
Answer: The Greek Resistance
Question: How many Greek citizens were displace due to Nazi retaliations?
Answer: almost 1,000,000 |
Context: There is controversy around the recognition of the Alsacian flag. The authentic historical flag is the Rot-un-Wiss ; Red and White are commonly found on the coat of arms of Alsacian cities (Strasbourg, Mulhouse, Sélestat...) and of many Swiss cites, especially in Basel's region. The German region Hesse uses a flag similar to the Rot-un-Wiss. As it underlines the Germanic roots of the region, it was replaced in 1949 by a new "Union jack-like" flag representing the union of the two déprtements. It has, however, no real historical relevance. It has been since replaced again by a slightly different one, also representing the two départements. With the purpose of "Frenchizing" the region, the Rot-un-Wiss has not been recognized by Paris. Some overzealous statesmen have called it a Nazi invention - while its origins date back to the XIth century and the Red and White banner of Gérard de Lorraine (aka. d'Alsace). The Rot-un-Wiss flag is still known as the real historical emblem of the region by most of the population and the departments' parliaments and has been widely used during protests against the creation of a new "super-region" gathering Champagne-Ardennes, Lorraine and Alsace, namely on Colmar's statue of liberty.
Question: What is the name of the historical flag of Alsace?
Answer: Rot-un-Wiss
Question: What was the German flag that was similar to the Rot-un-Wiss replaced by?
Answer: Union jack-like" flag
Question: What does the "Union jack-like" flag represent?
Answer: the union of the two déprtements
Question: Which French city did not recognize the Rot-un-Wiss flag?
Answer: Paris
Question: Who created the Union-jack-like flag?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Union Jack flag represented the union of what two departments?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who has not recognized the Union-jack-like flag?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What flag has French origins?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did protests against the super-region occur?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: As regards knowledge of languages, Tito replied that he spoke Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, and some English. A biographer also stated that he spoke "Serbo-Croatian ... Russian, Czech, Slovenian ... German (with a Viennese accent) ... understands and reads French and Italian ... [and] also speaks Kirghiz."
Question: With what accent did Tito speak German according to a biographer?
Answer: Viennese
Question: How much English did Tito speak?
Answer: some
Question: Other than Serbo-Croatian, German, Russian, Czech, Slovenian and English, French and Italian, what language does Tito speak?
Answer: Kirghiz |
Context: Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandonment, obliging many children to work from a young age. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children. A high number of children also worked as prostitutes. The author Charles Dickens worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with his family in debtor's prison.
Question: How many families were without a bread winner?
Answer: one-third
Question: How many water-powered cotton mills used child labour in 1788 England and Scotland?
Answer: 143
Question: Was it a low amount or high amount of children that also worked in prostitution?
Answer: high number
Question: Where was Charles Dickens employed as a child?
Answer: blacking factory
Question: During the Industrial Revolution what was the main driving force behind child labour?
Answer: economic hardship |
Context: All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults, and they successfully gained in a way not seen before. In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan. In 2009 writer Geoff Boucher reflected that, "Superman and DC Comics instantly seemed like boring old Pat Boone; Marvel felt like The Beatles and the British Invasion. It was Kirby's artwork with its tension and psychedelia that made it perfect for the times—or was it Lee's bravado and melodrama, which was somehow insecure and brash at the same time?"
Question: What magazine featured two Marvel Characters in a college campus heroes feature?
Answer: Esquire
Question: What two Marvel characters were part of that campus heroes section?
Answer: Spider-Man and the Hulk
Question: Which publisher is Marvel's biggest rival?
Answer: DC Comics
Question: Writer Geoff Boucher compared DC to what dull 1960s crooner?
Answer: Pat Boone
Question: What two real life persons were also part of the magazine feature alongside fictional Marvel characters?
Answer: John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan
Question: When did Esquire start?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Geoff Boucher join Marvel?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who compared DC comics to the Beatles?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What real-life president was featured in a Spider-Man comic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which DC superhero was listed in Esquire's top 28 college campus heroes?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.
Question: The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Answer: 1588
Question: Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth I
Question: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?
Answer: 1589
Question: how many ships sailed Torbay?
Answer: three
Question: who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?
Answer: Edward Bonventure
Question: in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Answer: 1588
Question: how many ships sailed from Torbay?
Answer: three
Question: How many ships levitated over Torbay?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did the French merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Arctic Ocean?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who returned to Mexico after sailing around Cape Comorin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Rebel Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Greece: On March 24, 2008, the Olympic Flame was ignited at Olympia, Greece, site of the ancient Olympic Games. The actress Maria Nafpliotou, in the role of a High Priestess, ignited the torch of the first torchbearer, a silver medalist of the 2004 Summer Olympics in taekwondo Alexandros Nikolaidis from Greece, who handed the flame over to the second torchbearer, Olympic champion in women's breaststroke Luo Xuejuan from China. Following the recent unrest in Tibet, three members of Reporters Without Borders, including Robert Ménard, breached security and attempted to disrupt a speech by Liu Qi, the head of Beijing's Olympic organising committee during the torch lighting ceremony in Olympia, Greece. The People's Republic of China called this a "disgraceful" attempt to sabotage the Olympics. On March 30, 2008 in Athens, during ceremonies marking the handing over of the torch from Greek officials to organizers of the Beijing games, demonstrators shouted 'Free Tibet' and unfurled banners; some 10 of the 15 protesters were taken into police detention. After the hand-off, protests continued internationally, with particularly violent confrontations with police in Nepal.
Question: On what date did the Olympic Flame get lit?
Answer: March 24, 2008
Question: Where did the Olympic Flame get lit?
Answer: Olympia, Greece.
Question: Who was the first person to carry the torch?
Answer: Alexandros Nikolaidis
Question: Who initially lit the Olympic Torch?
Answer: Maria Nafpliotou
Question: When did demonstrators yell for Tibet to be freed?
Answer: March 30, 2008
Question: Where is the location of the original Olympic events?
Answer: Olympia, Greece.
Question: What is the name of the woman who lit the torch for the new games?
Answer: Maria Nafpliotou
Question: What medal did the first torchbearer have from prior games?
Answer: silver
Question: What is the name of the first torchbearer for the 2008 Olympics?
Answer: Alexandros Nikolaidis
Question: What place had police experience violent problems with protesters?
Answer: Nepal. |
Context: The Israel Defense Forces is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces, and is headed by its Chief of General Staff, the Ramatkal, subordinate to the Cabinet. The IDF consist of the army, air force and navy. It was founded during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War by consolidating paramilitary organizations—chiefly the Haganah—that preceded the establishment of the state. The IDF also draws upon the resources of the Military Intelligence Directorate (Aman), which works with Mossad and Shabak. The Israel Defense Forces have been involved in several major wars and border conflicts in its short history, making it one of the most battle-trained armed forces in the world.
Question: What is the sole military wing of the Israeli security forces?
Answer: Israel Defense Forces
Question: Who is the head of the IDF?
Answer: Ramatkal
Question: When was the IDF founded?
Answer: 1948 |
Context: Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians C. Vann Woodward and David Brion Davis are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars.
Question: Which of the New Critics were staffed at Yale?
Answer: Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks
Question: Who is known as the father of deconstruction?
Answer: Jacques Derrida
Question: Where did Jacques Derrida teach from the late 1970's to mid 1980's?
Answer: Department of Comparative Literature
Question: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other younger labor historians?
Answer: David Montgomery
Question: When was The Journal of Music Theory founded?
Answer: 1957
Question: Which of the Old Critics were staffed at Yale?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is known as the mother of deconstruction?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did Jacques Derrida teach from the late 1970's to mid 1990's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Yale staffed labor historian advised other older labor historians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When wasn't The Journal of Music Theory founded?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the early 20th century, many anthropologists accepted and taught the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic with distinct linguistic, cultural, and social groups, while popularly applying that belief to the field of eugenics, in conjunction with a practice that is now called scientific racism. After the Nazi eugenics program, racial essentialism lost widespread popularity. Race anthropologists were pressured to acknowledge findings coming from studies of culture and population genetics, and to revise their conclusions about the sources of phenotypic variation. A significant number of modern anthropologists and biologists in the West came to view race as an invalid genetic or biological designation.
Question: Who taught and accepted the belief that biologically distinct races were isomorphic?
Answer: many anthropologists
Question: What practice was combined with the field of eugenics regarding the distinctness of social groups?
Answer: scientific racism
Question: What effect did the Nazi eugenics program have on racial essentialism?
Answer: lost widespread popularity
Question: What conclusions were race anthropologists pressured to revise?
Answer: sources of phenotypic variation
Question: What did a lot of modern anthropologists in the West come to view racial designation as?
Answer: invalid |
Context: The Greek national football team, ranking 12th in the world in 2014 (and having reached a high of 8th in the world in 2008 and 2011), were crowned European Champions in Euro 2004 in one of the biggest upsets in the history of the sport and became one of the most successful national teams in European football, being one of only nine national teams to have won the UEFA European Championship. The Greek Super League is the highest professional football league in the country comprising eighteen teams. The most successful are Olympiacos, Panathinaikos, AEK Athens and PAOK.
Question: What ranking did the Greek national football team hold in 2014.
Answer: 12th
Question: Greek was crowned the European champions in what event?
Answer: Euro 2004
Question: How many national teams have won the UEFA European Championship?
Answer: nine
Question: How many teams are in the Greek Super League?
Answer: eighteen
Question: Who is one of the most successful teams in the Greek Super League?
Answer: Olympiacos |
Context: Specific concerns include a compounded inability for the Air Force to replace its aging fleet, and an overall reduction of strength and readiness. The USAF attempted to make these adjustments by primarily cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets and their associated manpower, but Congress reversed this initiative and the majority of the lost manpower will come from the active forces. However, Congress did allow for $208 million of reprogramming from fleet modernization to enable some portion of the third of the grounded fleet to resume operations.
Question: What is one of the concerns of the Air Force?
Answer: replace its aging fleet
Question: How did the USAF try to make these adjustments to help with strength and readiness of its fleet?
Answer: cutting the Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve aircraft fleets
Question: How much money did Congress give to the USAF to enable them to replace some of the grounded fleet?
Answer: $208 million |
Context: London's first and only cable car, known as the Emirates Air Line, opened in June 2012. Crossing the River Thames, linking Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks in the east of the city, the cable car is integrated with London's Oyster Card ticketing system, although special fares are charged. Costing £60 million to build, it carries over 3,500 passengers every day, although this is very much lower than its capacity. Similar to the Santander Cycles bike hire scheme, the cable car is sponsored in a 10-year deal by the airline Emirates.
Question: What is the name of London' bike-for-hire operation?
Answer: Santander Cycles
Question: When did the single cable car operating in London begin service?
Answer: June 2012
Question: Who is the current sponsor of London's cable car operation?
Answer: the airline Emirates
Question: What was the approximate cost to build the Emirates Airline Cable Car?
Answer: £60
Question: Roughly how many passengers travel daily on London's cable car?
Answer: 3,500 |
Context: Street Lights are used to light roadways and walkways at night. Some manufacturers are designing LED and photovoltaic luminaires to provide an energy-efficient alternative to traditional street light fixtures.
Question: What is used to light walkways at night?
Answer: Street Lights
Question: What kind of lights are being designed for energy efficiency?
Answer: photovoltaic luminaires |
Context: In 1992, Yitzhak Rabin became Prime Minister following an election in which his party called for compromise with Israel's neighbors. The following year, Shimon Peres on behalf of Israel, and Mahmoud Abbas for the PLO, signed the Oslo Accords, which gave the Palestinian National Authority the right to govern parts of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The PLO also recognized Israel's right to exist and pledged an end to terrorism. In 1994, the Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace was signed, making Jordan the second Arab country to normalize relations with Israel. Arab public support for the Accords was damaged by the continuation of Israeli settlements and checkpoints, and the deterioration of economic conditions. Israeli public support for the Accords waned as Israel was struck by Palestinian suicide attacks. Finally, while leaving a peace rally in November 1995, Yitzhak Rabin was assassinated by a far-right-wing Jew who opposed the Accords.
Question: Who became the Prime Minister in 1992?
Answer: Yitzhak Rabin
Question: When was the Israel-Jordan Treaty of Peace signed?
Answer: 1994
Question: When was Yitzhak Rabin assassinated?
Answer: November 1995 |
Context: It was against this background of public anger that Jean Metzinger and Albert Gleizes wrote Du "Cubisme" (published by Eugène Figuière in 1912, translated to English and Russian in 1913). Among the works exhibited were Le Fauconnier's vast composition Les Montagnards attaqués par des ours (Mountaineers Attacked by Bears) now at Rhode Island School of Design Museum, Joseph Csaky's Deux Femme, Two Women (a sculpture now lost), in addition to the highly abstract paintings by Kupka, Amorpha (The National Gallery, Prague), and Picabia, La Source, The Spring (Museum of Modern Art, New York).
Question: What against did Metzinger and Gleizes write Du "Cubsime"?
Answer: public anger
Question: Who published Du "Cubisme"?
Answer: Eugène Figuière
Question: In what year was Du "Cubisme" published?
Answer: 1912
Question: What did Metzinger and Gleizes write Du "Cubsime" in support of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who wrote Du "Squarism"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was Du "Squarism" published?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who published Du "Squarism"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was Kupka's paintings not displayed?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this view, they used carcasses of such animals that had either been killed by predators or that had died of natural causes. Archaeological and genetic data suggest that the source populations of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers survived in sparsely wooded areas and dispersed through areas of high primary productivity while avoiding dense forest cover.
Question: How did early humans locate meat without hunting ?
Answer: scavenging
Question: In addition to finding already dead animals, what other cause of death were their animal finds?
Answer: natural causes
Question: Where did hunter-gatherer peoples live?
Answer: sparsely wooded areas
Question: What type of area did early humans avoid?
Answer: dense forest
Question: Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic lived where?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which population survived in densely wooded areas?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which population dispersed through areas of low primary productivity?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Early humans in the Higher Paleolithic collected what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Some forms of Greek before the Koine Greek period are reconstructed as having aspirated stops. The Classical Attic dialect of Ancient Greek had a three-way distinction in stops like Eastern Armenian: /t tʰ d/. These stops were called ψιλά, δασέα, μέσα "thin, thick, middle" by Koine Greek grammarians.
Question: Early Greek (before Koine) have been redone with what?
Answer: aspirated stops.
Question: What Greek dialect had three-way stop distinction like Eastern Armenian?
Answer: Classical Attic
Question: Who referred to the Classical Attic dialect stops by the three distinctions?
Answer: Greek grammarians
Question: A two-way distinction in stops was called what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Some forms of English are reconstructed as what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which Armenian language had a two-way distinction in stops?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The Classical Arctic dialect belonged to which country?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which languages are reconstructed as having unaspirated stops?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In October 2011, the government declared that an area covering nearly 2,000,000 square kilometres (772,000 sq mi) of ocean shall be reserved as a shark sanctuary. This is the world's largest shark sanctuary, extending the worldwide ocean area in which sharks are protected from 2,700,000 to 4,600,000 square kilometres (1,042,000 to 1,776,000 sq mi). In protected waters, all shark fishing is banned and all by-catch must be released. However, some have questioned the ability of the Marshall Islands to enforce this zone.
Question: How large is the Marshall Islands shark sanctuary in square miles?
Answer: 772,000
Question: In what month and year did the Marshall Islands declare the largest shark sanctuary in the world?
Answer: October 2011
Question: In how many square miles of ocean around the world are sharks protected?
Answer: 1,776,000
Question: What is forbidden in shark sanctuaries?
Answer: shark fishing |
Context: Health care in Thuringia is currently undergoing a concentration process. Many smaller hospitals in the rural towns are closing, whereas the bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt get enlarged. Overall, there is an oversupply of hospital beds, caused by rationalisation processes in the German health care system, so that many smaller hospitals generate losses. On the other hand, there is a lack of family doctors, especially in rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.
Question: Which hospitals are being expanded?
Answer: bigger ones in centres like Jena and Erfurt
Question: Why are there too many hospital beds?
Answer: rationalisation processes in the German health care system
Question: Where is it the most difficult to find a family doctor?
Answer: rural regions with increased need of health care provision because of overageing.
Question: Which hospitals are being demolished?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why are there no hospital beds?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where is it the most easy to find a family doctor?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What never close?
Answer: Unanswerable |
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